('1.NEWCONCEPTENGLISHBOOK2practice:训练,progress:进步Ifyoupracticemore,thenyoucanmakegreatprogress.五项综合训练技能listening:听力speaking:说话grammar:语法writing:写作reading:阅读translation:译knowledge+skillsLesson1Aprivateconversation【Newwordsandexpressions】（12）privateadj.私人的conversationn.谈话theatren.剧场，戏院seatn.座位playn.戏loudlyadv.大声地angryadj.生气的angrilyadv.生气地attentionn.注意bearv.容忍businessn.事rudelyadv.无礼地，粗鲁地privateadj.★私人的adj.①私人的privatelife私生活privateschool私立学校It\'smyprivateletter.（如果妈妈想看你的信）It\'smyprivatehouse.（如果陌生人想进你的房子）adj.②普通的privatecitizen普通公民I’maprivatecitizen.（citizenn.公民）privatesoldier大兵《PrivateRyan》（《拯救大兵瑞恩》）publicadj.公众的，公开的（private的反义词）publicschool公立学校publicletter公开信publicplace公共场所privacyn.隐私It’sprivacy.这是我的隐私!(不愿让别人知道的)2.conversationn.★谈话havea+talk/chat/dialogue/conversation/gossip名词变动词conversation一般用于正式文体中,内容上往往不正式subjectofconversation话题Theyarehavingaconversation.talk内容可正式可不正式,也可以私人Let’shaveatalk.dialogue对话,可以指正式国家与国家会谈ChinaandKoreaarehavingadialogue.chat闲聊，就是北京人说的“侃”，说的是无关紧要的事。gossip嚼舌头,说长道短theatren.★剧场,戏剧cineman.电影院seatn.★座位haveagoodseat/place，这里的seat指place(指地点)，而不是chair.takeaseat/takeyourseat坐下来,就坐Istheseattaken?这个位置有人吗?请坐的3种说法:Sitdown,please.(命令性)Takeyourseat,please.Beseated,please.(更礼貌)作为动词的seat与sit的区别sit（sat，sitten）vi.就座Heissittingthere.他坐在那儿。seatvt.让某人就座seatsb.让某人就坐，后面会加人Seatyourself.Youseathim.你给他找个位置.Whenallthosepresent(到场者)_D_hebeganhislecture.A.sitB.setC.seatedD.wereseatedsitdown坐下；beseated=takeaseat就坐angryadj.★生气的angrilyadv.★生气的angry=crossIwasangry./Hewascross.annoyed:恼火的;beblueintheface脸上突然变色程Iwasannoyed.度Iwasangry/cross.加Iwasveryangry.深Iamblueintheface.(脸色都青了,相当生气了)3.attentionn.★注意Attention,please.请注意(口语)payattention注意payattentionto…对……注意Youmustpayattentiontothatgirl.payalittleattention稍加注意paymuchattention多加注意paymoreattention更多注意paynoattention不用注意paycloseattention特别注意bear(bore,born)v.★容忍vt.①承受，支撑，承担，负担Cantheicebearmyweight?Whowillbearthecost?谁来承担这笔费用？vt.②忍受（一般与can/could连用于疑问句及否定句中）Sheeatstoofast.Ican’tbeartowatch/watchingher.她吃得太快。我看着受不了。Howcanyoubearlivinginthisplace?你怎么能受得了住在这个地方？bear=stand=putupwithIcan\'tbear/standyou.endure:忍受,容忍putupwith:忍受Igotdivorced（离婚）.Icouldnotputupwithhimbear/stand/endure忍受的极限在加大bearn.熊whitebear白熊bearhug:热情(热烈)的拥抱givesb.abearhugbusinessn.★事,生意n.①生意businessman:生意人dobusiness:做生意gotosomeplaceonbusiness:因公出差IwenttoTianjinonbusiness.n.②某人自己的私人的事情It\'smybusiness.(指私人的事,自己处理的事)It\'snoneofyourbusiness.不关你的事。rudelyadv.★无礼地,粗鲁地rudeadj.粗鲁的，无礼的payvt.&vi.★支付vt.&vi.①支付（价款等）Haveyoupaidthetaxi-driver?Youcanpayadepositofthirtypounds…您可以先付30英镑的定金……I’llpaybyinstalments.4.Ipaid50dollarsforthisskirt.（pay…forsth.花/支付……（钱）买……）vt.&vi.②给予（注意等）；去（访问）Theydidnotpayanyattention.WepaidavisittoourteacherlastSunday.上星期天我们去拜访了老师。n.③工资，报酬Ihavenotreceivedmypayyet.我还没有领到工资。【Text】LastweekIwenttothetheatre.Ihadaverygoodseat.Theplaywasveryinteresting.Ididnotenjoyit.Ayoungmanandayoungwomanweresittingbehindme.Theyweretalkingloudly.Igotveryangry.Icouldnotheartheactors.Iturnedround.Ilookedatthemanandthewomanangrily.Theydidnotpayanyattention.Intheend,Icouldnotbearit.Iturnedroundagain."Ican\'thearaword!"Isaidangrily."It\'snoneofyourbusiness,"theyoungmansaidrudely."Thisisaprivateconversation!"参考译文：上星期我去看戏.我的座位很好,戏很有意思,但我却无法欣赏.一青年男子与一青年女子坐在我的身后,大声地说着话.我非常生气,因为我听不见演员在说什么.我回过头去怒视着那一男一女,他们却毫不理会.最后,我忍不住了,又一次回过头去,生气地说:“我一个字也听不见了!”“不关你的事,“那男的毫不客气地说,“这是私人间的谈话!”【课文讲解】1、LastweekIwenttothetheatre.动词go的原义是离开一个地方去另一个地方，与介词to连用后，常加上主语所要去的目的来代表主语的动作目的。gotothe+地点表示去某地干嘛gotothetheatre=gotothetheatretoseeaplay去剧场看戏gotothecinema=seeafilm去电影院看电影gotothedairy去牛奶店gotothe+人+\'s表示去这个人开的店gotothedoctor\'s去看病；gotothebutcher\'s买肉以下短语中名词前不加冠词：gotoschool去上学；gotochurch去做礼拜；gotohospital(医院)去看病；gotobed上床，睡觉；gohome（跟home相连一定表示没有事情可做,回家休息）Iamathome.在家休息2、Ihadaverygoodseat.seat一般指戏院、汽车等配置的固定座位，也可以抽象地表示“座位”或“位子”等概念。thefrontseatofacar汽车的前座Takeaseat,please.请坐。3、Ididnotenjoyit.enjoyvt.欣赏，享受，喜爱enjoy+n.①喜欢,从当中得到一种享受（后面不能跟人）Ienjoythemusic.enjoythedinner/film/program/game5.enjoyoneself/②代词玩的开心Wealwaysenjoyourselves.enjoy+③动名词Janedoesn’tenjoyswimming.Sheenjoysgoingtothetheatre.4、Igotveryangry.get在这里有“逐渐变得”的含义，接近become，是个表示过程的动词，表示状态的变化。而Iwasveryangry则仅表示当时的状态是生气，并不暗示过程。Iam/wasangry.是一个事实Igotangry.强调变化过程Itishot.Itgothot.got取代be动词，got是一个半联系动词,可以直接加形容词。5、Icouldnotheartheactors.Iturnedround.hear+人:听见某人的话Icouldnothearyou.Begyourpardon?Icouldn\'thearyou./Icouldn\'thearaword./Icouldn\'tcatchyourwords.Icouldn\'thearyouclearly./Icouldn\'tcatchyourwords.Begyourpardon?/Icouldn\'tcatchyourwords.turnround=turnaround转身6、Intheend,Icouldnotbearit.intheend最后，终于，表示一段较长的时间之后或某种努力之后Shetriedhardtofinishherhomeworkbyherself.Intheend,shehadtoaskherbrotherforhelp.Icouldnotbearit/you/thenoise.7、Ican\'thearaword!Ican\'thearaword.美音:肯定Ican[\uf06b\uf041\uf06e]否定,Ican\'t[\uf06b\uf041\uf06e\uf074]\uf02f,它的/t/是吞进去的,在读音上很难区别,只能根据上下文来定hearawordofsb.（aword等于一句话）Hedidn\'tsayaword.MayIspeaktoJim?/MayIhaveawordwithJim?8、It\'snoneofyourbusiness.one’sbusiness指某人（所关心的或份内）的事It\'snoneofyourbusiness./Noneofyourbusiness./It\'smybusiness.不关你的事。Itismybusinesstolookafteryourhealth.我必须照顾你的身体健康。none相当于notany或noone，但语气较强。Shekeptnoneofhisletters.他的信件她一封也没有保留。noneof这个短语有时可以表达一种断然、甚至粗暴的口气，尤其是在祈使句中：Noneofyoursillyremarks!别说傻话了！【Keystructures】6.简单陈述句的语序陈述句一定是有主语,有动词,有宾语,有句号6123456when?Who?ActionWho?How?Where?When?Which?Which?What?What?1---主语，一般由名词、代词或名词短语构成，通常位于动词之前，动词必须与主语一致，即主语决定动词的单复数形式2---谓语，由动词充当3---宾语，一般为名词、代词或名词短语4---副词或介词短语,对方式或状态提问,往往做状语Ilikeherverymuch5---地点状语，一般在方式副词之后，时间副词之前6---时间状语，可以放在句首或句末简单陈述句一定不能少的是主语,谓语.如果问何时何地,是一个固定搭配whenandwhere【Multiplechoicequestions】1Thewriterturnedround.Helookedatthemanandthewomanangrily___b___.a.andtheystoppedtalkingb.buttheydidn\'tstoptalkingc.buttheydidn\'tnoticehimd.buttheylookedathimrudely"Theydidnotpayanyattention."不是没看见，只是思想上没在意payattention:从思想上注意、在意，如交通安全应注意.notice:眼睛上注意(=see眼睛看)Inoticeher.4Theyoungmanandyoungwomanweresittingbehindhim.Hewassitting___d___them.a.beforeb.abovec.aheadofd.infrontofbehind:在……后面infrontof在……前面(相对静止的概念)before在……前面(后面加词或句子，一般和时间相连)Hearrivedbeforesixo\'clock.beforehecamebackabove在……上面aheadof在……前面(+时间、位置)(动态的行为)aheadoftimeHegoesaheadofme.5___c___didthewriterfeel?Angry.a.Whereb.Whyc.Howd.When特殊疑问词对后面的答案提问how(adv.)——对一个方式、状态提问，对形容词、副词、介词短语提问7Theyoungmanandtheyoungwomanpaid___d___attentiontothewriter.a.noneb.anyc.notanyd.noany——用在否定句和疑问句中some——用在肯定句中none——代词，没有任何东西、没有任何人7.Noneknows./Noneofusknows.not——否定词,要放在非实义动词后面notany=noHedidn\'tpayattention.no——形容词、修饰名词Idon\'thaveanyfriends./Ihavenofriends.Ihavenotime./Idon\'thaveanytime.11Thewritercouldnotbearit.Hecouldnot___c___it.a.carryb.sufferc.standd.liftbear忍受=standsuffer遭受,忍受(精神或肉体上)痛苦，suffer后面必须加一种痛苦Isuffertheheadache.（肉体上的痛苦）Heoftensuffersdefeat.（精神上的痛苦）（defeatn.失败）Lesson2Breakfastorlunch?【Newwordsandexpressions】（5）untilprep.直到outsideadv.外面ringv.（铃、电话等）响（rang,rung）auntn.姑，姨，婶，舅母repeatv.重复untilprep.★直到until用于表示动作、状态等的持续，可译为“一直到……为止”或“在……以前”。在肯定句中，它与表示持续性状态的动词连用，表示持续到某一时刻：I’llwaithereuntil5.我会在这里等到5点钟。Hisfatherwasaliveuntilhecameback.直到他回来为止,他爸爸都是活着的.在否定句中，它通常与描述短暂动作的动词连用，表示“到……为止”、“直到……才”：Shecannotarriveuntil6.她到6点才能来。Hisfatherdidn\'tdieuntilhecameback.直到他回来,他爸爸才死.until（后的从句）的时间终止之前,这个动作做了还是没做？做了前面的主句用肯定；没做前面的主句用否定Forhe___A(C)___(wait)untilitstoppedraining.A.waitedB.didn\'twaitA.leaveB.leftC.didn\'tleaveIstayinbeduntiltwelveo\'clock.Ididn\'tgetupuntil12o\'clock.outsideadv.★外面（作状语）Heiswaitingformeoutside.Itiscoldoutside.ring(rang.rung)v.(★铃、电话等)响8.vt.①鸣，(铃、电话等)响(这种响是刺耳的,往往是提醒人做某事)Everymorningtheclockringsat6.Thetelephone(doorbell)isringing.而风铃等响要用jingle，jingle(bell)(铃儿)响叮当vt.②打电话给（美语中用call）ringsb.给某人打电话TomorrowI\'llringyou.n.③（打）电话givesb.aringRemembertogivemearing./Remembertoringme.n.④戒指auntn.★姑,姨,婶,舅妈(所有长一辈的女性都用这个称呼)男性则是uncle:叔叔他们的孩子：cousin堂兄妹(不分男女)cousin的孩子：nephew外甥；niece外甥女repeatv.★重复vt.①重复Willyourepeatthelastword?Theyarerepeatingthatwonderfulpaly.vi.②重做，重说Pleaserepeatafterme.Don’trepeat.【Text】ItwasSunday.InevergetupearlyonSundays.Isometimesstayinbeduntillunchtime.LastSundayIgotupverylate.Ilookedoutofthewindow.Itwasdarkoutside.\'Whataday!\'Ithought.\'It\'srainingagain.\'Justthen,thetelephonerang.ItwasmyauntLucy.\'I\'vejustarrivedbytrain,\'shesaid.\'I\'mcomingtoseeyou.\'\'ButI\'mstillhavingbreakfast,\'Isaid.\'Whatareyoudoing?\'sheasked.\'I\'mhavingbreakfast,\'Irepeated.\'Dearme,\'shesaid.\'Doyoualwaysgetupsolate?It\'soneo\'clock!\'参考译文：那是个星期天,而在星期天我是从来不早起的,有时我要一直躺到吃午饭的时候.上个星期天,我起得很晚.我望望窗外,外面一片昏暗.“鬼天气!”我想,“又下雨了.“正在这时,电话铃响了.是我姑母露西打来的.“我刚下火车,“她说,“我这就来看你.““但我还在吃早饭,“我说.“你在干什么?”她问道.“我正在吃早饭,“我又说了一遍.“天啊,“她说,“你总是起得这么晚吗?现在已经1点钟了!”【课文讲解】1、ItwasSunday.9.it指时间、天气、温度或距离，it被称为“虚主语”（emptysubject）。作为第三人称单数的中性代词，it可以指一件东西、一件事件或用来指是什么人：Itisalovelybaby.2、InevergetupearlyonSundays.onSundays:所有的星期天,每逢星期天,与一般现在时连用，表示经常性的行为。介词on一般用于表示某一天的时间短语中：onMonday，onMondaymorning，onthatday当使用last，next，this，that时，介词（以及定冠词）必须省略：I’llseeyounext/thisFriday.never从来不(可以直接用在动词前面)=助动词+not(变成否定句,前面一定要加助动词)Idon\'tlikeher.=Ineverlikeher.3、Isometimesstayinbeduntillunchtime.在表达卧床时bed前不需加冠词：It’stimeforbednow.Youmuststay/remaininbedforanothertwodays.你必须再卧床两天。4、Justthen,thetelephonerang.ItwasmyauntLucy.justthen:就在那时如果不知道对方性别,他/她可以用it取代Whoareyou?/Whoisit?5、I\'vejustarrivedbytrain,by直接加交通工具(不能有任何修饰词,复数)；如果加修饰词,就要换掉by用in或onIgooutbybus.Igooutin/ontwobuses.（指具体的两辆车介词用in/on）LongagopeoplecouldgotoAmericaonlybyship/sea.如果是特指的交通工具，则要加冠词或其他限定词：Myauntleftbythe9:15train.byair乘飞机bybicycle/bike骑自行车byboat乘船bybus乘公共汽车bycar乘小汽车byland由陆路byplane乘飞机bysea由海路byship乘船bytrain乘火车6、I\'mcomingtoseeyou.我将要来看你.用come的现在进行时态becoming表示一般将来，表示近期按计划或安排要进行的动作。同样用法的动词有：go，come，leave，arrive，land，meet，die，start，return，join…7、Dearme!天哪!英国人说Dearme!或Mydear!美国人说:Mygod注意美英的发音不同.10.【Keystructures】现在进行时和一般现在时现在进行时表示说话的当时正在发生或正在发生的事件,也用来表示现阶段(一段时间)的动向。现在进行时常与now，just，still等副词连用：Iamworkingasateacher."现阶段"Heisstillsleeping.（现在还在睡觉）Janeisjustdressingup.简正在打扮。一般现在时表示习惯性动作,真理,是过去、现在和未来都会发生的事情。一般现在时一般与频率副词often，always，sometimes，never，frequently，rarely，ever等连用。HelenneverwritestoherbrotherTony.Shesometimesringshim.频率副词往往放在句子中的实义动词前,非实义动词后；如果既有实义动词又有非实义动词,要放在两个之间；疑问句中副词往往放在主语后面。在否定句中not必须放在always之前，而且也出现在generally、normally、often、regularly和usually之前；not必须出现在sometimes和frequently之后。表示肯定的速记可以用在句尾；在特别强调和需要对比时，frequently、generally、normally、sometimes、usually等副词可用于句首。IgetpaidonFridayusually.VeryoftenthephoneringswhenI’minbath.非实义动词:①系动词(be)②帮助动词构成时态的助动词(do,does,will,shall,have,had,has)③情态动词(must,can,may)除此之外都是实义动词.Ifrequentlygotobedhungry.（形容词作状语）Hewenttoschoolhungry.饿着肚子上学.Youmustcomeherehungry.空腹来这里.【SpecialDifficulties】以what开头的感叹句：在英语中可用what引导的感叹句来表示惊奇、愤怒、赞赏、喜悦等感情，在感叹中主谓语采用正常语序。What对名词感叹，感叹句的结构为：What+a/an(+adj.)+n.(+主语+谓语)!Whatagoodgirl(sheis)!（主、谓可省）有上下文和一定的语境,才能省略形容词。一般省略形容词表示批评或不大好的意思。Whatathingtosay!多么难听的话啊！What(alotof)trouble(heiscausing)!【Multiplechoicequestions】5.Hedoesn\'tgetupearlyonSundays.Hegetsup___a___.a.lateb.latelyc.slowlyd.hardlylate晚的lately=recently最近的,近来的.Howareyougoinglately?最近一段时间身体还好吗?8He___a___outofthewindowandsawthatitwasraining.a.lookedb.sawc.remarkedd.watchedlook表示看的动作，后面一定要加介词11.see表示看的结果，后面直接加宾语watch表示观看，后面直接加宾语,但宾语一定是能够活动的东西lookatpictures(对)；watchpictures(错)11Breakfastisthefirst___d___oftheday.a.foodb.dinnerc.lunchd.meallunch中餐food食物dinner正餐一天中最丰盛的那顿饭,可能是中餐,也可能是晚餐,但决不会是早餐.meal一顿饭Lesson3PleaseSendMeaCard【Newwordsandexpressions】（11）sendv.寄，送postcardn.明信片spoilv.使索然无味，损坏museumn.博物馆publicadj.公共的friendlyadj.友好的waitern.服务员，招待员lendv.借给decisionn.决定wholeadj.整个的singleadj.唯一的，单一的sendv.★寄,送sendaletter寄信sendsth.tosb./sendsb.sth.给某人送（寄）什么东西send/takechildrentoschool：take强调某人亲自送；send则是通过第三人去送,如美国的校车takeflowerstohiswife自己送sendflowerstohiswife叫店里的人送postcardn.★明信片两个爆破音在一起，前者失去爆破音。这里/t/和/k/前者失去爆破音namecard/visitingcard名片Hereismynamecard.(口语常用,同时伴随着递出的动作)IDcard身份证（ID身份）creditcard信用卡cashcard现金卡,储蓄卡,工资卡(不能透支的那种)spoil(spoiled★，spoilt)v.使索然无味,损坏vt.①弄坏，损坏，糟蹋Thesadnewsspoiledourweekend.这不幸的消息使我们没能过好周末。Therainspoiledtheschoolsports.这场雨把学校运动会弄得一团糟。12.Thisspoiledmyday.Whatyousaidspoiledme.Hisarrivalspoiledmyholiday.vt.②宠坏，惯坏，溺爱Don’tspoilyourchildren.不能太惯孩子。Hisparentsspoiledtheboy.spoil:把东西的质量变得不好;生活中不顺心的事;宠坏,溺爱break:打破;breakthewindows打破玻璃damage:破坏,程度不一定很重destroy:破坏,彻底摧毁以上三个是指物理上的破坏,而spoil主要指精神上的museumn.★博物馆PalaceMuseum故宫publicadj.★公共的adj.①公共的，公众的，社会的Thereisapubliclibraryinthistown.IalwayssitinpublicgardensonSundays.adj.②公开的，众人皆知的Theirsecretmeetingwasmadepublic20yearslater.他们的秘密会晤20年以后才被公开。publichouse（酒吧）简称pubpublicplace公共场所inpublic公开的；inprivate私下里的Let’shaveaconversationinprivate.让我们私下谈谈?Whynothaveaconversationinpublic?为什么不公开谈呢?(当面说呢?)n.③公众，群众，大众Thepublicis/arepleasedwithhisexplanation.公众对他的解释很满意。ThemuseumisopentothepubliconSunday.friendlyadj.★友好的friendly是形容词，单独使用时一般做定语；作为状语表示这个人做什么事情很友好,用短语inafriendlywayHeisnotveryfriendlytoJohn.Shegavemeafriendlygreeting.Healwaysgreetsmeinafriendlyway.以-ly结尾的形容词还有lovely，brotherly，fatherly，manly，motherlywaitern.★服务员,招待员waiter(男服务员),waitress(女服务员),只出现在餐馆里chiefwaiter领班Iwanttoseethechiefwaiter.我要见你们的领班。shopassistant商店里的店员attendantn.（其他公共场所的）服务员13.lendv.★借给lendto（借出）：lendsth.tosb/lendsb.sth.Canyoulendme$20please?I’llpay/giveitbacktomorrow.borrowfrom（借进）：borrowsth.fromsb./borrowsth.（borrow不能用borrowsbsth.）Heborrowedmypenyesterday.Hehasn’tgivenmeityet.decisionn.★决定make/takeadecision作出决定Itwasnoteasyformetomake/takethisdecision.Areyoumade/takenadecision?makeabig/greatdecision(big：重大；great：伟大,更重大)decidev.决定wholeadj.★整个的awholebottleofmilk一整瓶牛奶thewhole…，thewholeday整天，twowholeweeks整整两星期allth…，alltheday(the可省略)整天allof后面如果加代词,代词前面不需要修饰词；一旦要加名词,前面一定要加theallofus；allofthestudentssingleadj.★唯一的,单一的反义词:double双倍的【Text】Postcardsalwaysspoilmyholidays.Lastsummer,IwenttoItaly.Ivisitedmuseumsandsatinpublicgardens.AfriendlywaitertaughtmeafewwordsofItalian.Thenhelentmeabook.Ireadafewlines,butIdidnotunderstandaword.EverydayIthoughtaboutpostcards.Myholidayspassedquickly,butIdidnotsendcardstomyfriends.OnthelastdayImadeabigdecision.Igotupearlyandboughtthirty-sevencards.Ispentthewholedayinmyroom,butIdidnotwriteasinglecard!参考译文：明信片总搅得我假日不得安宁.去年夏天,我去了意大利.我参观了博物馆,还去了公园.一位好客的服务员教了我几句意大利语,之后还借给我一本书.我读了几行,但一个字也不懂.我每天都想着明信片的事.假期过得真快,可我还没有给我的朋友们寄过一张明信片.到了最后一天,我作出了一项重大决定.我早早起了床,买来了37张明信片.我在房间里关了整整一天.然而竟连一张明信片也没写成!【课文讲解】1、Lastsummer,IwenttoItaly.last：adj.①上一个lastsummer里的last表示“上一个”adj.②最后一个，表示“最后一个”时要加冠词thethelastday最后一天（具体到一天及一天的早中晚都要用on）14.2、AfriendlywaitertaughtmeafewwordsofItalian.Italian[]\uf035于Italy[]:\uf035注意重读音的位置不同teachsb.sth.教某人做某事HeteachesourEnglish.(错)HeteachesusEnglish.(对)语言不可数,所以要用alittleItalian或afewwordsofItalianIcanspeakalittleEnglish/afewwordsofEnglish.afew可与复数可数名词连用，表示肯定，含有some，asmallnumberof（一些，少数几个）的意思。Thepolicewouldliketoaskhimafewquestions.警察要问他一些问题。3、EverydayIthoughtaboutpostcards.thinkabout/of考虑,思考，指某一段时间一直在想/考虑某事,thinkof还可指想到Whatdoyouthinkof?WhatdoyouthinkofTVprogramlastnight?Whatdoyouthinkoftheweathertoday?你觉得天气怎么样?thinkover仔细考虑，反复思考What’stheweatherliketoday?cold,chilly（非常非常冷）,freezeI\'llfreeze.我要冻僵了4、Ispentthewholedayinmyroom,butIdidnotwriteasinglecard!spend与表示时间的词或短语连和时，意思为“花（时间）”、“度过”spend+时间+地点:在什么地点我花费/度过了多少时间Ispendthreehoursinthesea.Ispendmyweekendatmymother\'s.Ispendthreehoursintheclassroomeveryday.Ispendalotoftimeintrafficjam.(交通堵塞)spend还可以表示“花钱”Ifwespendallthemoney,we’llbepooragain.Ican’tspendanymoreonthiscar.【Keystructures】一般过去时一般过去时通常表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。它通常指动作何时发生，而不指动作持续多久。Doyouevercatchacoldinthewinter?Yes,Icaughtacoldlastwinter.【SpecialDifficulties】直接宾语与间接宾语双宾语：直接宾语(表示动作结果，动作所涉及的事物)和间接宾语(动作目标，动作是谁做的或为谁做的，通常是人)。间接宾语大多数情况下置于直接宾语之前，如果间接宾语在后，间接宾主前必须加“to”（表示动作对什么人做）或“for”（表示动作为什么人而做）。15.givesb.sth./givesthtosb间接宾语在后面时,其前必须加to(对……而言)或for(为……而做)。可以翻译为“给”、“替”、“为”的，就用for；如果只能翻译为“给”的,就用to与to相连的give,take,pass,read,sell,buy，pay，hand，bring，show，promise，offer，owetakeflowerstomywife.与for相连的buy,order,make,findIbuyabookforyou.makeacakeforyoufindsth.forsb.dosb.afavor帮某人一个忙Domeafavorplease./Doafavorforme?帮我一个忙Idosomethingforyou.CanIordersomethingforyou?CanIbuyyouabottleofbeer?意为我请你喝杯酒的意思【Multiplechoicequestions】4___a___himafewwordsofItalian?Thewaiter.a.Whotaughtb.Whodidteachc.Whatdidheteachd.Whomdidheteach人做主语提问——who对宾语提问——whomwho既可以对主语提问也可以对宾语提问,而whom只能对宾语提问如果对主语提问,则句子的语序和陈述句语序一样；如果对非主语来提问,则句子要使用特殊疑问词+一般疑问句的语序Who/WhomdidthewaiterteachafewwordsofItalian?5Hewasafriendlywaiter.Hespoketothewriter___d___.a.friendb.asfriendsc.likefriendsd.inafriendlywayHespoketothewriterlikeafriend.in...way:以...方式作为状语表示这个人做什么事情很友好,用短语inafriendlyway7Hespentthewholedayinhisroom.Hewasinhisroom___c___day.a.theholeb.theallc.alld.allofall(the)dayallof后面如果加代词,代词前面不需要修饰词allofus；一旦要加名词,前面一定要加theallofthefriendsallofmyfriendsallofthestudents10Onthelastdayhemadeabigdecision.Itwasthe___a___dayofhisholiday.a.finalb.endc.latestd.bottomfinal——形容词end——名词/动词latest——形容词bottom——名词latestadj.最新的latestnews；lateststyle新款11Hemadeabigdecision.He___b___.a.thoughtaboutitb.madeuphismindc.changedhismindd.madeawishthinkabout:考虑、思考、想makeupone\'smind:下定决心changeone\'smind:改变主意makeawish:许个心愿,愿望,许愿16.Lesson4Anexcitingtrip【Newwordsandexpressions】（6）excitingadj.令人兴奋的receivev.接受，收到firmn.商行，公司differentadj.不同的centren.中心abroadadv.在国外excitingadj.★令人兴奋的excitingadj.令人兴奋的；excitedadj.兴奋的-ed:自己感到/-ing:令人感到Thenewsexciting.excitingboy令人兴奋的男孩Iamexcited.excitev.激动（这类动词的宾语一定是人，让后面的人感到……）Thenewsexcitedme.interestingadj.令人感到有趣的；interestedadj.感到有意思的interestingmanThemanisinteresting.interestv.对……感兴趣Thebookinterestsme.那本书让我感到很有趣receivev.★接受,收到vt.①接到，收到，得到Whendidyoureceivethatletter?vt.②招待，接待Youneedalargeroomifyouaregoingtoreceivesomanyguests.receive是“收到”，指的是一个被动的动作，主观上接受与否不清楚。receive/havealetterfromsb.accept同意接收ThismorningIreceivedabunchofflowersfromaboy,butIdidn\'tacceptit.take则是主动的“拿”、“取”Ireceivedabeautifulpenfrommyuncle.Mybrothertookitfrommeyesterday.take也可以作收到taketheexam接受考试；takeadvice接受建议firmn.★商行,公司companyn.公司17.differentadj.★不同的adj.①不同的，相异的（经常与from连用）Weareplanningsomethingdifferentthisyear.我们今年有不同的打算。Myroomisdifferentfromyours.adj.②各种各样的，不同的Thisdepartmentstoresellsalargenumberofdifferentthings.这家百货商店出售许多各种各样的东西。HehasvisitedmanydifferentplacesinChina.他去过中国的不少地方。abroadadv.★在国外（副词,直接和动词连用）goabroad去国外liveabroad国外定居studyabroad国外学习【Text】Ihavejustreceivedaletterfrommybrother,Tim.HeisinAustralia.Hehasbeenthereforsixmonths.Timisanengineer.HeisworkingforabigfirmandhehasalreadyvisitedagreatnumberofdifferentplacesinAustralia.HehasjustboughtanAustraliancarandhasgonetoAlicesprings,asmalltowninthecentreofAustralia.HewillsoonvisitDarwin.Fromthere,hewillflytoPerth.Mybrotherhasneverbeenabroadbefore,soheisfindingthistripveryexciting.参考译文我刚刚收到弟弟蒂姆的来信,他正在澳大利亚.他在那儿已经住了6个月了.蒂姆是个工程师,正在一家大公司工作,并且已经去过澳大利亚的不少地方了.他刚买了一辆澳大利亚小汽车,现在去了澳大利亚中部的小镇艾利斯斯普林斯.他不久还将到达达尔文去,从那里,他再飞往珀斯.我弟弟以前从未出过国,因此,他觉得这次旅行非常激动人心.【课文讲解】1、Ihavejustreceivedaletterfrommybrother,Tim.同位语：一个名词（或短语等）与另一个名词（或短语）并列而作为其说明或限定成分时称为同位语。同位语与它所补充说明的成分之间用逗号隔开。在译成汉语时，同位语或者插入主句中，或者另译为一句，很少像英语中那样用逗号隔开。ThisisJohn,oneofmybestfriends.这位是约翰。他是我最好的朋友之一。Mrs.Smith,myneighbore,hasneverbeenabroad.我的邻居史密斯夫人从来没有出过国。2、Hehasbeenthereforsixmonths.onemonth[\uf06d\uf051\uf06e\uf057]；twomonths[\uf06d\uf051\uf06e\uf057\uf073]注意读音将/\uf057/省略IhavearrivedinBeijing.（arrive是瞬间动词不能和段时间连用）hasbeen+in地点HehasbeeninBeijingforoneyear.HehasbeeninAmericafortowyears.3、HeisworkingforabigfirmandhehasalreadyvisitedagreatnumberofdifferentplacesinAustralia.workfor在……上班/任职，强调workIamworkingforaschool.18.workin强调地点（在哪个地方上班）IamworkingintheNewOrientalschool.workat上班Sheworksatadepartmentstore.anumberof后面一定要加可数名词复数；通常number前有great，large，good，small，certain等形容词，数量大小也随之改变。agreatnumberof类似于,约等于alotof；Alarge/greatnumberofourstudentsareDanish.Thereareasmallnumberofspellingmistakesinyourhomework.alotof可加可数名词也可加不可数名词IhavealotoffriendsIhaveagreatnumberoffriends.4、HehasjustboughtanAustraliancarandhasgonetoAlicesprings,asmalltowninthecentreofAustralia.hasgoneto去了某地没回来hasbeento曾经去过某地,现在不在那个地方HaveyoubeentoParis?5、Fromthere,hewillflytoPerth.fromthere:从那地方起from即可以加时间又可以加地点fromhalfpast8tohalfpast11fromBeijingtoTianjingflytoPerth=gotoPerthbyair6、Mybrotherhasneverbeenabroadbefore,soheisfendingthistripveryexciting.before在句子后是副词,译为“在此之前”，是现在完成时态的标志find作“发现”、“发觉”讲时宾语往往带补足语（一般为形容词），说明宾语的状况、性质等。find+宾语+形容词做宾补findtheroomcleanfindherhappybefinding在口语中经常使用I\'mfinding.....We’refinding......下面表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时：believe，doubt，see，hear，know，understand，belong，think，consider，feel，look，seem，show，mind，have，sound，taste，require，possess，care，like，hate，love，detest，desire【Keystructures】现在完成时现在完成时表示动作现存的结果，或者过去发生的事对现在的影响。常与现在完成时连用的副词和副词短语：before(now)（以前）；it’sthefirsttiem（第一次）；sofor（到目前为止）；sofarthismorning（到上午为止）；uptonow（直到现在）；uptothepresent（直到目前）；just（刚刚）；recently（最近）；already（已经）；lately（最近）；now（现在）；for一段时间；since+时间；still（还；仍）；at19.last（终于）；finally（最终）；疑问句和否定句中常用ever，yet，never，not…ever等。I’veplantedfourteenrosebushessofarthismorning.IhavelivedhereforseveralyearsnowandI’vemademanynewfriendssinceIhavelivedhere.现在完成时还可和表示频度的副词连用，表示反复和习惯性动作，如often（经常），frequently（屡次），threetimes（三次）等。I’vewatchedhimonTVseveraltimes.【Multiplechoicequestions】3TimisinAustralia.Hewent___a___Australiasixmonthsago.a.tob.inc.atd.intoat…表示位置（beat是典型表示位置的介词短语）goto…只要有to这个感念,它的后面一定要有宾语,gotothetheatergoin…(in做副词)很少加宾语Hewentin.gointo…有去向的动作,还有进入的动作gointotheroommove常用的意义是“动”、“移动”，在表达“搬家”这个意思时move可以单独使用，也可组成短语moveto，moveinto，movein，moveout。movein:搬进来movetothenewhouse:正在搬moveinto:搬进去了moveout搬走Jackhasmovedout.Johnwillmoveinthedayaftertomorrow.4TimisinAustralia.Howlong___b___there?a.isheb.hashebeenc.hashed.washehowlong...对段时间提问,跟现在完成时相连11HewillsoonvisitDarwin.HewillvisitDarwin＿c＿.a.quicklyb.forashorttimec.shortlyd.inahurryquickly指的是动作上的快Hewentquickly.forashorttime不久,表示动作延续一段时间soon=shortly不久以后,表示在这段时间之后，强调的是时间上的快inahurry:匆忙的（指动作）Lesson5Nowrongnumbers【Newwordsandexpressions】（7）pigeonn.鸽子messagen.信息coverv.越过distancen.距离requestn.要求，请求sparepart备件servicen.业务，服务20.pigeonn.★鸽子It\'snotmypigeon.＝Noneofmybusiness.不关我的事。messagen.★（口头或书面的）信息Hereisamessageforyoufromyoursister.anoral/writtenmessage口信/便条leavesb.amessage给……留便条I\'llleaveyouamessage.takeamessageforsb.替某人捎口信CanItakeamessageforyou?我能替你捎个口信吗?Canyoutakeamessageforme?你能替我捎个口信吗?takeamessagetosb.给某人口信打电话:Hello!--\uf0e0MayIhaveawordwithTom?/MayIspeakwith/toTom?--\uf0e0Canyoutakeamessageforme?informationn.信息（不可数）messengern.送信人，信使coverv.★越过；覆盖vt.①盖，覆盖Snowcoveredthewholevillage.Shecoveredthechildwithacoat.她给孩子盖了件外衣。vt.②行过（一段距离），走过（通常不用被动语态）cover+距离越过……Youcancoverthedistancetothemuseumintenminutes.n.③覆盖物，盖子，罩子，套子Putacoveronthebox!distancen.★距离keepdistance保持距离distantadj.远距离的CanIsharethistable?CanIjoinyou?importancen.重要importantadj.重要的differencen.不同differentadj.不同的requestn.★要求,请求n.①requestfor对……有请求,有需求Ihavearequestforthecake.Hegrantedmyrequestformoretime.他同意了我延长时间的请求。ShesentarequestforhelptoGary.她向加里请求帮助。v.②要求,请求requestsb.todosth.＝asksb.todosth.要求某人做……21.requiresb.todosth.要求某人做……Youarerequired/askedtodosth.（对人要求习惯用被动语态）spareadj.★备用的vt.①抽出（时间等），让给Haveyougotfiveminutestospare?Icannotsparethetime.Ihavenotimetospare.vt.②饶恕，赦免Therobberssparedhislife.‘Shareme!’beggedtheprisoner.adj.③多余的，空闲的，剩下的，备用的Youcansleepinthesparebedroom.WherecanIgetsparepartsforthismachine?Ihavenosparetimenow.‘Haveyouanyoldclothesthatyoudonotwant?’heasked.=‘Haveyouanyoldclothestospare?’heasked.servicen.★业务,服务service作为不可数名词时通常用于表示旅馆、餐馆以及商店等对旅客、顾客等的侍候、接待或服务；作为可数名词时可以表示为帮助他人所采取的行动或所做的工作。Theserviceinthathotelisquitegood.Youhavedonemeagreatservice.service既可以指公用事业的业务，如：themailservice（邮政业务）、thetelephoneservice（电话业务）；也可指办这些业务的机构，如：atravelservice（旅行社）、anewsservice（通讯社）。Atyourservice.=Gladtobeatyourservice.=Iamgladtobeatyourservice.我很乐意为您效劳.servev.服务,接待——Thankyou.——Youarewelcome.(下次又需要再来找我)/Notatall.(根本完全不用谢)/That\'s(all)right./That\'sok.(绝对正确,绝对过时)/(It\'s)Mypleasure.(我很高兴这么做,把自己放得很低,把对方抬得很高)Thankyouforyourlistening.在讲课,演讲结束时说,即感谢大家的合作的概念（应以鼓掌回应）情急之下,可用Nothanks.回答——Sorry.——Nosorry.【Text】Mr.JamesScotthasagarageinSilburyandnowhehasjustboughtanothergarageinPinhurst.PinhurstisonlyfivemilesfromSilbury,butMr.Scottcannotgetatelephoneforhisnewgarage,sohehasjustboughttwelvepigeons.Yesterday,apigeoncarriedthefirstmessagefromPinhursttoSilbury.Thebirdcoveredthedistanceinthreeminutes.Uptonow,Mr.Scotthassentagreatmanyrequestsforsparepartsandotherurgentmessagesfromonegaragetotheother.Inthisway,hehasbegunhisownprivate\'telephone\'service.参考译文詹姆斯.斯科特先生在锡尔伯里有一个汽车修理部,现在他刚在平赫斯特买了另一个汽车修理部.平赫22.特离锡尔伯里只有5英里,但詹姆斯.斯科特先生未能为他新的汽车修理部搞到一部电话机,所以他买了只鸽子.昨天,一只鸽子把第一封信从平赫特带到锡尔伯里.这只鸟只用了3分钟就飞完了全程.到目前为止,斯科特先生从一个汽车修理部向另一个发送了大量索取备件的信件和其他紧急函件.就这样,他开始自己的私人“电话”业务.【课文讲解】1、Mr.JamesScotthasagarageinSilburyandnowhehasjustboughtanothergarageinPinhurst.garage[]n.\uf035\uf035车库,车行（英美读音不同）another(+单数名词)其它的很多个中的一个，Canyoushowmeanother?other(+名词)adj.其它的(可加单/复数名词)theother两个之中的另外一个one…theother…一个……另一个……Oneiswateringtheflowers,andtheotherisreading.others(不用再加名词)=other+名词复数Someboysareplayingfootball,andothersarerowing/(goingboating).2、PinhurstisonlyfivemilesfromSilbury,butMr.Scottcannotgetatelephoneforhisnewgarage,sohehasjustboughttwelvepigeons.介词from在这里表示距离上相隔，作“距……”、“离……”讲，常与away连用Itisfar(away)fromhere.Busstopisonlyonemilefromschool/here.Busstopisonlyonemile(away).Shehasbeenawayfromhomefor5daysnow.Howfar...?多远（对距离提问）Howfar(away)isthebusstop?Howfarisyourhome(fromhere)?Myhomeistenmilesawayfromhere.getatelephone得到电话,安装电话3、Yesterday,apigeoncarriedthefirstmessagefromPinhursttoSilbury.carryv.带着,携带（其强调所携带的东西不会着地）Icarriedmyson.（背或抱着）Icarrythebag.takev.带着Itakemysistertothecinema.from…to…表示从一个地方到另一个地方Helookedatthegirlfromheadtofoot.Thenewsspreadfromhousetohouse.家家户户都得知了这条消息。4、Thebirdcoveredthedistanceinthreeminutes.coverthedistance飞过那段距离5、Uptonow,Mr.Scotthassentagreatmanyrequestsforsparepartsandotherurgentmessagesfromonegaragetotheother.23.uptonow=uptillnow到目前为止，到现在为止(作时间状语，时态多用现在完成时，相当于until/tillnow)Uptonow,hehasnotbeenveryhard-working.requestfor对……的需求agreatmany(+可数名词复数)许多……agreatmany可以做形容词短语：Agreatmanytreesweredestroyedinthestorm.也可作代词短语：Hehasreadagreatmanyofthebooksinthisroom.agreatnumberof(+可数名词复数)许多……urgentadj.紧急的somethingurgent紧急的事情【Keystructures】一般过去时与现在完成时在表示过去某个特定时间发生的事情或动作时，要用一般过去时。在表示刚刚或者已经完成一个动作并且对现在有影响时，则要用现在完成时，时间状语可以是不特指的now，just或者for引导的一段时间，或者不加任何时间状语。一般过去时与现在完成时的共同点：动作在过去都做过了；区别：过去式只能强调过去的事,和现在没有任何关系.Iateapieceofbread.现在完成时,强调过去的事情对现在产生的影响.Ihaveeatenapieceofbreadthismorning.I\'mnothungry.Theclockstopped.陈述事实Theclockhasstopped.过去的事实对现在造成影响Itsnowedyesterday.Ithassnowedyesterday.强调对现在造成影响【SpecialDifficulties】带way的短语intheway按照，以……方式DoyourworkinthewayIhaveshownyou.按我给你示范的方法来做你的工作。Idotheworkinthewayyoushowedme.Iflythekiteinthewayyoushowedme.inthe/one’sway挡路；妨碍（某人）Sorry,youareintheway.(在口语中很少用,一般直接用Excuseme.就可以了)Don’tstandintheway.Ican’tseetheblackboard.inthisway这样,以这种方式Hesavesoldenvelopes.Inthisway,hehascollectedagreatmanystamps.inaway从某种意义上来说，在某种程度上Inaway,youarekind.inafriendlyway用友好的方式inthefamilyway怀孕了,快有小孩了(haveababy)Thewomanisinthefamilyway.bytheway随便说一声,随便问一下(插入语，改变话题时用)Bytheway,haveyouseenHarryrecently?24.onthe/one’sway(to)在去……的途中(陈述句):onthewaytoschool/theoffice；onthewayhomeoutoftheway让路Getoutoftheway!你给我滚出去!getone\'sownway随心所欲(atone’spleasure)Childrengettheirownwayduringtheholidays.关于系动词:一般来说,如bebecome一定不单独使用,往往要在后面加上表语,我们称它为系动词.但另外还有一些系动词同时又是不及物的实义动词,常见的有:seem,look,appear,sound,taste,feel,smell,stay,remain,keep,grow,turn,go,run,get,prove,stand等,这些词有的语法书上称为半联系动词.【Multiplechoicequestions】4Mr.Scottcannotgetatelephoneforhisgarage.___b___hehasjustboughttwelvepigeons.a.That\'ssob.That\'swhyc.Becaused.Forso表示前面是原因,后面是结果That\'swhy+从句那就是……原因,前者是原因,后者why后面是结果wascaughtinthetrafficjam.That\'swhyIwaslate.That\'s后面的表语从句常常用特殊疑问词引导,再加一个句子That\'swhenwecanstartclass.That\'swherewewillhaveameeting.That\'showIgettoschool.8Mr.ScotthasagarageinSilbury.His___b___garageisinPinhurst.a.anotherb.otherc.elsed.different在语法上,冠词（an/a）、形容词性物主代词（his/my/your）、名词所有格（mymother\'s）不能同时并存的,一般要用只能用其中一个another=an+other另外一个，强调的是剩下的还有好几个当中的一个,强调的是有三个以上other其它的,加单数就表示一个,his取代the的位置语法的范围正在放宽松,hisanother也对,但不太好else其他的，放在被修饰词的后面,会修饰两种词,疑问词和不定代词修饰疑问代词：whoelse,…WhatelsecanIdoforyou?修饰不定代词：anyoneelse,anythingelseLesson6PercyButtons【Newwordsandexpressions】（4）beggarn.乞丐foodn.食物pocketn.衣服口袋callv.拜访，光顾beggarn.★乞丐begv.乞求Ibegyourpardon?25.begfor乞求得到askfor请求得到（asksb.forsth.向某人索要某物）foodn.★食物（不可数）alotoffoodpocketn.★衣服口袋innerpocket内口袋；jacketpocket夹克的口袋；coatpocket大衣口袋pocketbook袖珍书；pocketdictionary袖珍词典pocketpick车上的小偷pocketmoney(小孩的)零花钱change零钱getexactchange准备好正确的零花钱beermoney(男人的)零花钱callv.★拜访,光顾vt.&vi.①叫，喊Iheardsomeonecalling.callout=shout大声喊vt.②呼唤，召唤Lucyissick.Pleasecalladoctor.vi.③访问，拜访；（车、船等）停靠Amycalled(atourhouse)yesterday.Thetraincallsatlargestationsonly.这列火车只停大站。callonsb.拜访某人Iwillcallonyou.我要去你家。callat+地点＝visitsomeplace拜访某地Iwillcallatyourhome.我要去你家。vt.&vi.④打电话callsb=callupsb.给某人打电话callback回某人电话Canyoutakeamessageforme?=Canyoutellhimtocallback?callinsb.招集和邀请某人Fortheproject,thegovernmentcalledinalotofexperts.【Text】IhavejustmovedtoahouseinBridgeStreet.Yesterdayabeggarknockedatmydoor.Heaskedmeforamealandaglassofbeer.Inreturnforthis,thebeggarstoodonhisheadandsangsongs.Igavehimameal.Heatethefoodanddrankthebeer.Thenheputapieceofcheeseinhispocketandwentaway.Lateraneighbourtoldmeabouthim.Everybodyknowshim.HisnameisPercyButtons.Hecallsateveryhouseinthestreetonceamonthandalwaysasksforamealandaglassofbeer.参考译文我刚刚搬进了大桥街的一所房子.昨天一个乞丐来敲我的门,问我要一顿饭和一杯啤酒.作为回报,那乞丐头顶地倒立起来,嘴里还唱着歌.我给了他一顿饭.他把食物吃完,又喝了酒.然后把一块乳酪装进衣袋里26.走了.后来,一位邻居告诉了我他的情况.大家都认识他,他叫珀西.巴顿斯.他每月对这条街上的每户人家光顾一次,总是请求给他一顿饭和一杯啤酒.【课文讲解】1、Yesterdayabeggarknockedatmydoor.knockv.★敲门vi.①敲门Iknocked,butnooneanswered.knockat敲（门、窗等）knockatthedoor；knockatthewindowvt.&vi.②碰撞Youalwaysknockthingsoffthetable.你总是碰掉桌上的东西。Jimwasknockedoverbyabusthismorning.今天上午吉姆被一辆公共汽车撞倒了。Shehasknockedacupoveragain.她又碰倒了一个杯子。vt.③把（某人）打成……状态HeknockedTomoutyesterday.他昨天把汤姆打昏过去了。④与off连用时有一些特殊含义，一般用于口语vt.（价格上）减去，除去，打折扣Theyknockedfivedollarsoffthepriceofthecoat.Theshopassistantknocked10%offthebill.（Hereducedthepriceby10%.）vi.下班，停止，中断（工作等）Whendoyouusuallyknockoff?你一般什么时候下班？Heknockedoffforlunchathalfpasteleven.他十一点半休息吃中午饭。2、Heaskedmeforamealandaglassofbeer.ask(sb.)forsth=requestforsth.问某人要什么东西（for为了这个目的去请求某人,sb.更多的时候不出现,askforsth.）Theboyasked(hisparents)formoneyagain/oncemore.3、Inreturnforthis,thebeggarstoodonhisheadandsangsongs.inreturnforthis作为对……的回报，作为交换（this在代词当中常常指代上文的一件事情）I\'llbuyapresentforhiminreturnforhospitality.（hospitalityadj.热情）inreturn作为回报Youlentmethisinterestingbooklastmonth.Inreturn(forit),I’llshowyousomepicturebooks.Inreturnforyourhelp,Iinviteyoutospendtheweekendwithmyfamily.Hedoesn\'twantanythinginreturn.他不想得到任何回报stoodonhishead倒立standonone\'shands用手着地(hand单数就是一只手,双手复数)standonone\'sknees跪着,膝盖lieonone\'sback仰面躺着lieonone\'sside侧躺27.lieonone\'sstomach趴着4、Lateraneighbourtoldmeabouthim.介词about可以和一些动词连用，以表示“关于……（的）”、“涉及……（的）”Pleasetellmeabouttheaccident.tellsb.aboutsth.告诉某人某事（about关于,通过其他事自己得出的结论）tellyouabouthimtellyouabouttheword解释这个单词的意思tellsb.sth.告诉某人某件事(把事情直接告诉)tellyouthenewstellyoutheword直接告诉这个单词5、Everybodyknowshim.everybody作为主语一定作单数看待,属于不定代词所有的不定代词作为主语一律为单数看待:somebody，anybody，everything等6、Hecallsateveryhouseinthestreetonceamonthandalwaysasksforamealandaglassofbeer.callsat光顾，拜访inthestreet（英国）/onthestreet（美国）onceamonth一个月一次,单位表达方式onceadj.表示每……一次（表示频率时后面直接加表示时间的名词）,计量单位“/”（每……）fivekilometersanhourHegoesbacktotheSouthonceayear.【Keystructures】A,TheandSome当表示不确定的某个人或物时，用不定冠词a/an（单数,可数名词）；当表示不可数的名词时，则需要由不定冠词加量词组成词组。在表示一种笼统概念（某某一类/一种东西）的陈述句中可以省略a和someAtigerisadangerousanimal.Tigersaredangerous.Saltisnecessaryfor/tousall.表示某个确定的人或事物或者上文已提到过的人或事物，则要用定冠词the（有时相当于this/that/these/those）,可数名词单/复数或不可数名词均可。在姓名、地名、国名（非复合词）以及月份、星期等前面不加任何冠词。a和the的区别：a是泛指,aman；特指,theman在文章当中第一次出现名词的时候往往用a和an修饰,第二次出现的时候用theAmaniswalkingtowardsme.Themaniscarryingaparcel.Theparcelisfullofmeat.Ihavejustdrunkaglassofmilk.Milkisveryrefreshing.Iateanapple.Applesaredelicious.Shealwaysbuysflour,sugarandteaatthegrocer\'s.一般姓名前一般不能加冠词，表示“某某一类人当中,具有这种特征当中的一个”，加不定冠词aaMr.Zhang张先生这类人【SpecialDifficulties】28.短语动词某些动词的后面加上介词或副词以后就会改变词义,这种新的组合称作短语动词putv.放puton穿上，戴上takv.拿走takeoff脱掉，摘掉lookv.看lookat看；lookfor寻找；lookafter照顾；lookout当心；lookoutof向外看callcallat；callon；callin；callback；callfor去取某物,去接某人；需要Theproblemcallsforimmediateaction.这个问题需要立即采取行动knockv.敲knockat敲门knockoff下班Heknockedoffearlier.knockoff打折Knock10%offtheprice.把……撞倒，如果有地点，用介词off；无地点，用介词overknocksth.off+地点knockthevaseoffthetableIknockedtheboyoffthebicycle.knockoverAcarknockedtheboyover.knockout打晕,在拳击场合中,把人打倒在地叫knockout(专用术语)Hedidnotknowhowtofight,butheknockedtheboxerout.【Multiplechoicequestions】5Aneighbourtoldmeabouthim.He___d___PercyButtonswasabeggar.a.toldb.saidmec.toldtomed.saidHesays+句子；Hesays+that+句子；saytosb.tellsb.+that+句子Hesaidtome/Hetoldme他告诉我HetoldmehewasaBeggar./HesaidhewasaBeggar.6Everybodyknowshim.___a___knowhim.a.Theyallb.Eachc.Everyd.Alltheyallofus,weall我们所有人everyadj.每一个every+n.每一个(书,本,人等)everypersonlikes…eachadj.&pron.每一个each+n；each直接作主语或者宾语eachpersonlikes.../eachlikes...every只能是形容词性，强调整体，常用来指一个大的、不确定的数目，不能直接做主语；each既可作形容词，又可作代词，强调个体，常用以一个确定的并通常是有限的数目，在作代词时，直接作主语29.或宾语，使用第三人称单数Eachchildintheschoolwasquestioned.EverychildenjoysChristmas.Eachofushashisownworktodo.Theyeachhaveashare.7___d___doeshecall?Onceamonth.a.Howseldomb.Howlongc.Howsoond.Howoftenonceamonth每月一次,属于频率对频率提问:howoftenHowoftendoyouvisityourmother?对时间和次数提问提问多久:howlongHowlongdoyouvisityourmother?对时间提问提问次数:howmanytimesHowmanytimesdoyouvisityourmothereachmonth?howsoon多久以后Howsoonwillyoufinishyourhomework?8Abeggarisapersonwho___a___.a.asksformoneybutdoesn\'tworkb.asksforfoodc.workshardd.isoutofworkoutofwork失业Iamoutofwork./Ilosemyjob.10Shegavehimapieceofcheese.Heputthe___a___ofcheeseinhispocket.a.bitb.barc.blockd.packetabitof/apieceof在英文中经常互用bar门闩:长条状:abarofchocolate;abarofsoapblockn.房子；块,一大块；v.堵塞packet一包12Allthehousesinour___a___arethesameageandsize.a.streetb.wayc.roadd.routesameageandsize同年代同样式street两边有房子的街道,强调城市里的街道way,ontheway,intheway挡住某人的路(强调方向)road路的通称roadhome通往家的路(张艺谋的影片《我的父亲母亲》的英文名)route路线〖语法精粹〗1.Howcanyou___B___ifyouarenot____?A.listening/hearingB.hear/listeningC.belistening/hearD.behearing/listeningto如果你不听,怎么可能听见呢?30.listen听/hear听见2.Thegirlevenwon\'thaveherlunchbeforeshe__D__herhomework.A.willfinishB.isfinishingC.hadfinishedD.finishes状语从句中,用一般现在时取代将来时.3.Thosewhohaveappliedforthepost__A__intheoffice.A.arebeinginterviewedB.areinterviewingC.interviewing(光动词+ing不能构成谓语)D.tobeinterviewing(不定式不能构成谓语动词)applyfor申请interview面试在英文中,只能领导对员工面试，员工只能被面试，动词用被动4.Theoldscientist__C___todomoreforthecountry.A.iswishingB.hasbeenwishingC.wishesD.hasbeenwishedD为被动语态，从语法上说合理,但不合情表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时态.wishsb.todo希望某人做某事5.Ifhe___B___,don\'twakehimup.A.stillsleepsB.isstillsleepingC.stillhadbeensleepingD.willbesleepingstill如果他在睡觉的话,不要吵醒他Lesson7Toolate【Newwordsandexpressions】（13）detectiven.侦探airportn.机场expectv.期待，等待valuableadj.贵重的parceln.包裹diamondn.钻石stealv.偷mainadj.主要的airfieldn.飞机起落的场地guardn.警戒，守卫preciousadj.珍贵的stonen.石子sandn.沙子detectiven.★侦探detectivestory侦探小说31.airportn.★机场airfieldn.★飞机起落的场地port港口；airport航空港attheairport在机场field田野；airfield停机坪ontheairfield在停机坪上expectv.★期待,等待vt.&vi.①预计，预料Jimhasfailedinmathematicsashisteacherexpected.正如他老师所预料的那样，吉姆数学考试没及格。vt.②等待，期待，盼望（心理上的等待）Theyareexpectinggueststonight.今晚有人要去他们那里作客。expect所表示的等待一般暗含着根据某些信息或规律而作出相应反应的意思，而waitfor主要接续“等待”这个动作本身。expectsth.IexpectaletterfromJimmy.expectsb.todosth.期待某人做某事Iexpectyoutowriteback.Iexpectmymothertocomeback.waitforsth./sb.动作上的等待Iwaitformymother.vt.③认为，猜想（一般用于口语）Iexpectso./Ithinkso.我希望如此［口语］Iexpectyou’veheardthenews.我想你已经听到这个消息了。valuableadj.★贵重的preciousadj.★珍贵的valuen.&v.价值；valuableadj.有价值的sth.isvaluable/sth.ispreciouspreciousadj.珍贵的（带有一定的感情色彩）preciousphoto珍贵的照片-less表否定;pricelessadj.没有价格的,无价的valuelessadj.没有价值,不足道的worthlessadj.无价值的diamondn.★钻石diamondring钻石戒指preciousstone宝石；crystal水晶；jade玉steal★（stole，stolen）v.偷vt.&vi.①偷盗，行窃英语中“偷”用steal和rob来表达，宾语是物，用steal；宾语是人，用rob；跟地点相连，也用robstealsth.偷(某物)Mywalletwasstolen.Johnneversteals.约翰从不偷东西。32.robsb.抢(某人)Iwasrobbed.robthebankvt.②巧妙地占用，偷偷地弄到手HehasstolenawayMary’sheart.他已赢得玛丽的芳心。vi.③偷偷地行动，悄悄靠近Hestoleintotheroom.他悄悄地进了房间。mainadj.★主要的mainbuilding；mainstreet；mainsentence；mainideamain不能与人连用guardn.★警戒,守卫lifeguard救生员bodyguard保镖keepguard守望，警戒Theykeptacloseguardoverthethieves.他们对小偷们严加看管。standguard站岗，放哨【Text】Theplanewaslateanddetectiveswerewaitingattheairportallmorning.TheywereexpectingavaluableparcelofdiamondsfromSouthAfrica.Afewhoursearlier,someonehadtoldthepolicethatthieveswouldtrytostealthediamonds.Whentheplanearrived,someofthedetectiveswerewaitinginsidethemainbuildingwhileotherswerewaitingontheairfield.TwomentooktheparcelofftheplaneandcarrieditintotheCustomsHouse.Whiletwodetectiveswerekeepingguardatthedoor,twoothersopenedtheparcel.Totheirsurprise,thepreciousparcelwasfullofstonesandsand!参考译文飞机误点了,侦探们在机场等了整整一上午.他们正期待从南非来的一个装着钻石的贵重包裹.数小时以前,有人向警方报告,说有人企图偷走这些钻石.当飞机到达时,一些侦探等候在主楼内,另一些侦探则守候在停机坪上.有两个人把包裹拿下飞机,进了海关.这时两个侦探把住门口,另外两个侦探打开了包裹.令他们吃惊的是,那珍贵的包裹里面装的全是石头和沙子!【课文讲解】1、Theplanewaslateanddetectiveswerewaitingattheairportallmorning.all一般直接加表示时间的单数名词构成副词短语，如：allday，allnight，allweek，allwinter，allyear等。但不说allhour。whole在表达同样的意思时一般要加冠词或数词，如awholeday/year，twowholeweeks。allmorning=allthemorningTheplanewaslate飞机晚(点)了Thebuswaslate./Thetrainwaslate.detectives没有强调一些侦探或者那些侦探,强调侦探这种人，笼统感念,可不加some,the2、TheywereexpectingavaluableparcelofdiamondsfromSouthAfrica.33.avaluableparcelofdiamondsacupoftea强调的是茶SouthAfrica南非3、Afewhoursearlier,someonehadtoldthepolicethatthieveswouldtrytostealthediamonds.afewhoursearlier几个小时以前=afewhoursbefore/afewhoursagowould+do过去将来时,间接方式,转述,站在过去看未来4、Whentheplanearrived,someofthedetectiveswerewaitinginsidethemainbuildingwhileotherswerewaitingontheairfield.代词others常常和some连用，表示“有些（人）……，也有些（人）……”或“有的……，其余的……”one…theother…一个……另一个……some…others…一些……另一些……Somestudentsareveryhard-working,othersarenot.others=other+名词复数5、TwomentooktheparcelofftheplaneandcarrieditintotheCustomsHouse.takesth.off…=takesth.awayfrom…andcarrieditinto…carried表示看得很重CustomsHouse海关6、Whiletwodetectiveswerekeepingguardatthedoor,twoothersopenedtheparcel.Totheirsurprise,thepreciousparcelwasfullofstonesandsand!…werekeepingguardatthedoor,twoothersopenedtheparcel.表面上是分工,两个动作同时发生,不是同时开始同时结束,延续时间不一致,长一点时间的动作用进行时态,短时间的动作用过去时.Whensomeoneknockedatthedoor,Iwashavingdinner.keepguard守卫Theykeptacloseguardoverthethieves.atthedoor在门边(固定搭配)twoothers=twootherdetectivestoone\'ssurprise,让某人惊讶的是Tomysurprise,theteacherwaslate.Toone’s+表达人情绪的名词toone\'sjoyTomyjoy,mymothercamehereyesterday.toone\'sexcitementToourexcitement,ourteamwins.befullof...装满Mybagwasfullofbooks.Thecupisfullofwater.34.【Keystructures】过去进行时过去进行时的构成：be的过去式+现在分词过去进行时和一般过去时经常同在一个句子里使用。过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作或情况，一般过去时则表示比较短暂的动作或事件。正在进行中的动作或情况往往由连词when，while，as，justas等引导。when，while当……时候（强调动作同时发生）while+从句,动词一定是延续性动词when+延续性动词/瞬间动词while能用when代替，但是when却不一定能用while代替。while通常只引导持续时间较长的动作，并且主句和从句可以同时用过去进行时，而when和as一般不这么用。JohnwaswatchingTVwhilehiswifewastalkingwithaneighbouroverthephone.JustasIwasleavingthehouse,youcamein.when也可以引导比较短暂的动作，while和as则一般不行。Wewerehavingsupperwhenthelightswentout.过去进行时往往与表示一段时间的状语连用，如allmorning，allnight，allday，allevening，thewholeweek等，表示这段时间一直在干什么。Whatwereyoudoingallevening?Icouldn’tfindyouanywhere.过去动作同时发生的时态①过去两个动作同时发生,习惯上一个用一般过去时,另一个用过去进行时；动作长用过去进行时,动作短用一般过去时;分工的情况,动作的开始时间和结束时间几乎相同,均用过去进行时;Iwaslisteningtotheradio,mysisterwasdancing.Whenmymotherwasdoingthehousework,myfatherwaswatchingTV.②两个动作在同时段进行,在不同时间结束,先发生的动作未结束,另一个动作发生,先发生的动作用进行时态,另一个动作用过去时.WhenIwasopeningthedoor,thetelephonerang.先开门Whenthetelephonewasringing,Iopenedthedoor.电话先响③瞬间动词（如：arrive）没有进行时态,所以两个动作同时发生,延续性动词用进行时态,瞬间动词使用过去时态.Whenhearrived,Iwashavingdinner.Iamarriving进行时态表示将要ExercisesD1Asmyfather______(leave)thehouse,thepostman______(arrive).wasleaving；arrived(两个瞬间动词同时发生可能性很小,应具体分析,故用进行时态表将来)5Whilemother______(prepare)lunch,Janet______(set)thetable.setthetable摆桌子waspreparing；set【SpecialDifficulties】短语动词中的小品词许多动词加上介词或副词后就会改变词义，这些介词和副词通常被称为小品词。它们没有词形的变化。有些小品词既可以作介词又可以作副词。判断一个小品词是副词还是介词要看小品词有没有带宾语。有宾语的是介词，没有宾语的是副词，介词的位置相对固定，不能变动。35.vi.&vt.+prep./adv.+①宾语(n.)Sheiswalkingupthehill.vt.+②宾语(n./pron.)+adv.takeoffthecoat=takethecoatoff=takeitoffputonyourshoes=putyourshoeson=putthemonIalwaystakemoneywithme.我身上总带些钱Exercise11Theyhavepulleddowntheoldbuilding.pulldown…（pull；down）pullone\'sleg开玩笑Youarepullingmyleg.你开我玩笑12Makeupyourmind.makeup…--->makeupone\'smind习惯用法不换,语法上可换13Heaskedforpermissiontoleave.askfor…-->ask(sb.)forsth.其实是省略sb.故不可换【Multiplechoicequestions】5Someonehadtoldthepolicethatthieveswouldtrytostealthediamonds.Thishappened___a___theplanearrived.a.beforeb.afterc.whend.assoonas两个动作先后发生(一个动作结束,另一个动作才发生)用过去完成时before在……之前；assoonas一……就9Theparcelwasvaluable.Itwas___c___.a.worthb.worthyc.preciousd.valuevaluable=preciousvaluen.价值worthv.值得……，后面一定要加词somethingisworth…Thebookisworthreading.(动名词)Thebookisworththreedollars.worthyadj.有价值的beworthyof…值得……Thisbookisworthyofbeingread[toberead].这本书值得一读.actsworthyofpunishment应该受处分的行为worthlessadj.无价值的somethingisworthless(后面不加任何东西)10Thethieveswantedto___b___thediamonds.a.robb.stealc.takefromd.taketo加something做宾语的一定是stealLesson8Thebestandtheworst【Newwordsandexpressions】（5）36.competitionn.比赛，竞赛neatadj.整齐的，整洁的pathn.小路，小径woodenadj.木头的pooln.水池competitionn.★比赛，竞赛（暗地里的竞争）racen.比赛，竞赛carracematchn.比赛footballmatchcontestn.比赛（更广泛）babycontest宝宝大赛；beautycontest选美game:游戏,运动neatadj.★整齐的,整洁的，井井有条cleanadj.干净的neat=tidytidy(up)theroom整理房间pooln.★水池(人工的)swimmingpool游泳池pond池塘（天然的）《goldenpond》—金色池塘【Text】JoeSandershasthemostbeautifulgardeninourtown.Nearlyeverybodyentersfor\'TheNicestGardenCompetition\'eachyear,butJoewinseverytime.BillFrith\'sgardenislargerthanJoe\'s.BillworksharderthanJoeandgrowsmoreflowersandvegetables,butJoe\'sgardenismoreinteresting.Hehasmadeneatpathsandhasbuiltawoodenbridgeoverapool.Ilikegardenstoo,butIdonotlikehardwork.EveryyearIenterforthegardencompetitiontoo,andIalwayswinalittleprizefortheworstgardeninthetown!参考译文乔.桑德斯拥有我们镇上最漂亮的花园.几乎每个人都参加每年举办的“最佳花园竞赛”,而每次都是乔获胜.比尔.弗里斯的花园比乔的花园大,他比乔也更为勤奋,种植的花卉和蔬菜也更多,但乔的花园更富有情趣.他修筑了一条条整洁的小路,并在一个池塘上架了一座小木桥.我也喜欢花园,但我却不愿意辛勤劳动.每年的花园竞赛我也参加,但总因是镇上最劣的花园而获得一个小奖!【课文讲解】1、JoeSandershasthemostbeautifulgardeninourtown.Joe\'sgardenisthemostbeautiful.Bill\'sgardenisthelargest.Bill’sgardenislargerthanJoe’s.（比较的东西都是同类的事物joe’s的“’s”不能省略）37.2、Nearlyeverybodyentersfor\'TheNicestGardenCompetition\'eachyear,butJoewinseverytime.nearly和almost意义相似，表示“几乎”、“差不多”、“差点儿”的意思。Ihavenearlyforgottenhisname.我差点把他的名字忘了。I’mnearly/almostready.我快准备好了。enterfor报名参加（各种竞赛，考试等活动）win（won，won）v.赢vi.①赢Iwin.Ilose.(输了)vt.②赢得……winsomething后面往往是奖品,不能接对手Iwinthebook.Iwinthegoldcup.winaprize赢得了一个奖winaprizefor…因为……而获奖defeat+对手Idefeatyou.3、BillFrith\'sgardenislargerthanJoe\'s.名词加-’s表示所属关系，构成名词的所有格。这类名词往往指有生命的东西，特别是人。所有格的语法作用相当于形容词，限定后面的名词。这个被限定的名词在上下文中第二次被提到时可以省略，只要不引起误解。4、Hehasmadeneatpathsandhasbuiltawoodenbridgeoverapool.make和build在这里是同义词，“修建，建造”。make的词义比较笼统、广泛，可解释为“做、作出、制造”等，而build主要限于建筑业，指“建造，建设，盖房子，修筑（桥梁）等”Haveyoumadetheskirtbyyourself?Theyhavemadearoadalongtheriver.【Keystructures】形容词和副词的比较级和最高级比较级相当于汉语中“比……更……”这种句型，最高级则表示在某个范围“最……”的概念。最高级在使用时前面通常要加定冠词the，并有一个短语或从句限定其范围。1、比较级和最高级的构成：①单音节词和少数双音节词在词尾加-er，-est，以辅音加-y结尾的词变-y为-i，再加-er，-est②以-e结尾的词加-r，-st③以一个辅音字母结尾的单音节词要双写最后一个字母，再加-er，-est④三个或者是三个音节以上（多音节）比较级的构成:more+原级最高级的构成:themost+原级有一些双音节词既可在单词结尾加-er，-est，也可与more/less和most/least连用，如narrow，clever，common，pleasant等。clever—cleverer—morecleverfunadj.快乐morefun（美国人用）38.⑤有些构成是不规则的：good/well(betterbest)；bad/ill(worseworst)；many/much(moremost)；little(lessleast)；far(fartherfurther,farthestfurthest)（farther:距离上的远和更远，further:程度上的更进一步）furthermore(更有甚者)old(olderelder,oldesteldest)older比……大Sheisolderthansomebodyelder做定语修饰其他名词eldersister(年长的)姐姐2、比较级和最高级的用法在使用比较级时，如果需要把所比较的两项都提到，那么就必须比较级后用than：Myroomiscleanerthantheonenextdoor.如果比较级之所指很清楚，它可独立存在：Whichhousedoyouprefer?Iprefertheolderone.最高级的限定范围一般用of，among，in等介词短语；限定范围也可以是从句；如果范围很清楚，则可以省略。Johnisthetallestofthethreebrother.Thisisthecoldestdayintenyears.MaryisthemostintelligentpersonI’veevermet.【SpecialDifficulties】every构成的合成词every和one，body，thing可以构成复合不定代词everyone，everybody，everything。Everyone和everybody一般可以替换使用，后面的代词既可以用单数，也可以用复数，但它们本身均被视为单数。Everyone/Everybodyknowswhathehastodo.=Everyone/Everybodyknowswhattheyhavetodo.每个人都知道自己必须做什么。Everythingisgoingwell.一切都很顺利。each和every均可译为“每一个”，两者常可互换。every只能是形容词性，强调整体，常用来指一个大的、不确定的数目，不能直接做主语；each既可作形容词，又可作代词，强调个体，常用以一个确定的并通常是有限的数目，在作代词时，直接作主语或宾语，使用第三人称单数Every/EachtimeIwashthecaritrains.EnterandEnterforentervt.&vi.①进入enter+地点名词Alwaysknockonthedoorbeforeyouenter.vt.&vi.②参加，加入We’veenteredintoanagreement.我们已达成一项协议。Hesoonenteredtheirconversation.enterfor+表示比赛、竞赛、考试的名词报名参加,强调报名enterfortheexamSheentered(hername/herself)forthemathematicscompetition.她报名参加数学竞赛。takepartin真正的参加39.2Willyouenter___for___thisweek\'scrosswordcompetition?crossward文字游戏3Manyathleteshaveentered___for___theOlympicGamesthisyear.athletes=sportsman运动员,体育家【Multiplechoicequestions】3BillFrith\'sgardenislargerthanJoe\'s.Itis___b___.a.largergardenb.alargegardenc.largegardend.largestgarden6Thewriterisfondofgardens.___c___.a.Theylikehimb.Theyliketohimc.Helikesthemd.Helikesbefondof=likeIlikesth./Ilovesth./Ienjoysth./Iamfondofsth.8Joewinseverytime.Healways___b___BillFrith.a.winsb.beatsc.gainsd.earns对手关系不能用windefeatv.击败defeatsb.beatv.打败；打gain=getsth.earnvt.挣得earnmoney9Joegrowsmoreflowers.Moreflowers___a___inhisgarden.a.growb.growtallc.growupd.growbiggrowvt.种植:growsth;growflowers…vi.生长:sth.grow;flowersaregrowinggrowtall/growbig变得……（一般不加形容词）growup只和人连用,表示人的长大（upadv.表示向上）10Joe\'sgardenisinteresting.Joeis___d___ingardening.a.interestingb.interestc.interestinglyd.interestedsth.isinteresting……是令人感兴趣的beinterestedin…对……感兴趣11Thewriterdoesn\'tlikehardwork.It\'s___b___tolookafteragarden.a.ahardworkb.ahardjobc.hardjobd.hardlyajobit作形式主语;真正的主语是tolookafterthegardenhardwork繁重的工作work不可数名词；job可数名词hardlyadv.几乎不Haveyouunderstoodme?Sorry,Ihavehardlyunderstoodyou.40.12Everyyearthewriterentersforthegardencompetition___b___.a.veryb.alsoc.andd.eithervery不单独使用；and并列连词,不放在句子末尾；either也,表否定also表示也,可以放在句子末尾；often可以放在句子末尾Lesson9Acoldwelcome【Newwordsandexpressions】（7）welcomen.欢迎；v.欢迎crowdn.人群gatherv.聚集handn.（表或机器的）指针shoutv.喊叫refusev.拒绝laughv.笑welcomen.★欢迎；v.欢迎n.①欢迎acoldwelcome冷遇v.②欢迎welcometo+地点welcometoChina；welcometomyhome；welcomehome；welcomebackadj.③受欢迎的Youarewelcome.Youarewelcometo+地点crowdn.★人群n.①人群inthecrowd在人群中Ispottedhiminthecrowd.我在人群中一眼就认出了他acrowdofpeople一群人，没有次序的人群,拥挤的人群agroupofpeople一群人，有次序的人群v.②拥挤,挤满alargecrowdofpeople一大群人crowdsofpeople许多人,人山人海gatherv.★聚集vt.①使集拢，集合，召集Hegatheredalargecrowdofpeopleroundhim.vt②收集，采集，收（庄稼等）Thechildrenareoutinthefieldgatheringflowers.孩子们在外面地里采花。Ithastakenmealifetimetogatherallthesebooks.收集所有这些书花了我一辈子的时间。vi.③集拢，聚集，集合TheygatheredundertheTownHallclock.41.peoplegathered人们聚集在一起,尤指自发性的聚集handn.(★表或机器的)指针；手minutehand；secondhand；hourhandsecondhand二手的，旧的，秒针waitmeamoment/waitmeafewseconds(forafewsecs.)（secs.是seconds的缩写）refusev.★拒绝vt.①拒绝（接受、服从等）Sherefusedthegift.vt.②拒不，不肯，不愿Johnrefusedtochangehismind.约翰拒不改变主意。vi.③拒绝，不接受Iofferedtopayhimforhishelp,butherefused.对于他的帮助我提出给他报酬，但他拒绝了。shoutv.★喊叫callout大声喊叫cryout大声哭喊scream尖叫【Text】OnWednesdayevening,wewenttotheTownHall.ItwasthelastdayoftheyearandalargecrowdofpeoplehadgatheredundertheTownHallclock.Itwouldstriketwelveintwentyminutes\'time.Fifteenminutespassedandthen,atfivetotwelve,theclockstopped.Thebigminutehanddidnotmove.Wewaitedandwaited,butnothinghappened.Suddenlysomeoneshouted.\'It\'stwominutespasttwelve!Theclockhasstopped!\'Ilookedatmywatch.Itwastrue.ThebigclockrefusedtowelcometheNewYear.Atthatmoment,everybodybegantolaughandsing.参考译文星期三的晚上,我们去了市政厅.那是一年的最后一天,一大群人聚集在市政厅的大钟下面.再过20分钟,大钟将敲响12下.15分钟过去了,而就在11点55分时,大钟停了.那根巨大的分针不动了.我们等啊等啊,可情况没有变化.突然有人喊道:“已经12点零2分了!那钟已经停了!”我看了一下我的手表,果真如此.那座大钟不愿意迎接新年.此时,大家已经笑了起来,同时唱起了歌.【课文讲解】1、Acoldwelcome冷遇coldadj.冷的,寒冷的,冷淡的coldfish冷漠的人Mybrotherisacoldfish.luckydog幸运的人Whatdoes"acoldwelcome"referto?（referto指……）2、OnWednesdayevening,wewenttotheTownHall.morning，afternoon，evening前如果加修饰词则用介词on，否则用inTownHall市政厅42.3、ItwasthelastdayoftheyearandalargecrowdofpeoplehadgatheredundertheTownHallclock.thelastdayoftheyear一年中的最后一天alargecrowdofthepeople一大群人4、Itwouldstriketwelveintwentyminutes\'time.strikev.★打，击；敲，弹（钟，乐器等）v.①打，击Shestruckthemanintheface.v.②敲，弹（钟，乐器等）striketheclock（人）敲钟clockstrike钟自己响Listen,theclockisstriking.striketwelve数字表示敲击的次数minutes\'名词所有格，用来表达时间名词所有格表示时间或距离Itwillleaveinfiveminutes\'time.intwenty(minutes\'time)名词所有格可省略anhour\'stimeHowfaristheschoolfromhere?3minutes\'walk.三分钟路程。5、Fifteenminutespassedandthen,atfivetotwelve,theclockstopped.…minutespass…几点过几分（前半小时，pass过了）25minutespassedeight…minutesto…几点过几分（后半小时，to还没到）aquartertonine/15minutestonine时刻指点时间,时间指段时间。时刻前的介词用at…(sometime)passedandthen,sth.happened……时间过去了，……Anhourpassedandthen,hearrived.一个小时过去了，他终于来了。…minuteslater几分钟以后6、Wewaitedandwaited,butnothinghappened.waitedandwaited等啊等啊,强调动作的重复（walkedandwalked；runandrun）happenvi.事情做主语,事情发生Whathappened?Nothinghappened.7、Itwastrue.Itwastruethat+从句……是一个事实8、ThebigclockrefusedtowelcometheNewYear.43.refusetodosth.拒绝去做某事Irefusetoleave.我拒绝离开Irefusetomove.我拒绝移动9、Atthatmoment,everybodybegantolaughandsing.atthatmoment=justthen就在那时atthemoment=now现在,此刻,在此时【Keystructures】引导时间状语的介词in/on/at/during/till与until1、用in的时间短语有：①表示一天中的某段时间：inthemorning；intheafternoon；intheevening②表示周、月份、年份：inaweek；inJanuary；inFeb；in1992③表示季节：insummer；inspring；inautumn；inwinterin+表示时间长度的短语可以表示“在某段时间之内”，这时可以与现在时、过去时或将来时连用，一般与完成某动作有关；还可译为“……时间之后”，一般与将来时连用。根据时态判别in表示的含义intwentyminutes\'time20分钟之后Wewillfinishclassinhalfanhour.2、用on的时间短语有：①表示星期：onMonday；onFriday②表示日期：onJune1st；on23rdMarch（在书写日期时没有冠词，但在口语中则分别读为：onJunethefirst；onthe23rdofMarch）③表示星期+日期：onMonday,June1st④表示具体时间：onWednesdayevening；onfineafternoon；onthatday3、用at的时间短语有：①表示确切的时间：atfivetotwelve；atteno\'clock②表示用餐时间：atlunch/dinnertime；atteatime③表示其他时刻：atnight；atnoon；atmidnight；atthattime4、during在……期间，后必须跟一个名词，可以指整个一段时间，有时可以用in替代Hehasphonedfourtimesduringthelasthalfhour.Imethimsometimeduringtheweek.（不能用in代替）我是在这一周的某天遇到他的。duringtheholiday强调假期的从头到尾Heenjoyedhimselfduringhisholiday.intheholiday强调这段时间其中某一点时间,并不表示自始至终Iwascaughtinanaccidentintheholiday.5、from…till…指一段明确的时间：ThetouristseasonrunsfromJunetillOctober.6、untilprep.&coin.直到……时候，直到什么时候为止,直到什么时候才until主句和从句两个都用一般过去时对(最习惯的一种用法),主句和从句任何一个用过去完成是也对Ican\'tenterforthesportsmeetinguntiltomorrow.Ihadnotunderstoodtheproblemuntilheexplainedit.Wehadn\'tdisturbedhimuntilhefinishedwork.Wedidn\'tdisturbhimuntilhehadfinishedwork.Wedidn\'tdisturbhimuntilhefinishedwork.(更习惯于这种用法)7、from…to…EverydaywehaveEnglishclassfrom8:30to11:3044.关于时间表示方法:What’sthetime?/Whattimeisit?A整点:Ao’clockA点B分（B<30）:AB/BpastAA点15分:Afifteen/fifteenpastA/aquarterpastAA点30分:Athirty/halfpastAA点B分(B>30):AB/(60-B)to(A+1)A点45分:Aforty-five/aquarterto(A+1)/fifteento(A+1)【SpecialDifficulties】Any，Not...AnyandNoany用于否定句和疑问句中,some用于肯定句(或要求得到肯定回答的疑问句)Doyouhaveanyfriends?Idon\'thaveanyfriends.not用在非实义动词后面,实义动词前面.notany=no用在名词前面，no比notany的语气要强，但这两种否定的意义是相同的。Ihavenofriends.no可构成复合词nobody，none，nothing，nowhere；any可构成复合词anybody，anything和anywhere。在一个句子中通常只能有一个否定词（包括never，hardly等词）【Multiplechoicequestions】4Thepeople___a___undertheTownHallclock.a.wereb.wasc.isd.bepeople:人们,做主语一定是复数police，cattle是集合名词，用复数8Howmanytimesdidtheclock___d___?a.hitb.beatc.knockd.strike敲门用knock；敲钟用strikehit（轻）和strike（重hithard)在一定的时候可以互换,一般表示打一下beatv.连续不断的打beatdrums敲鼓12ItrefusedtowelcometheNewYear.It___c___.a.denieditb.wantedtoc.didn\'twanttod.wishedtodenyv.否认,拒绝去承认,后面一般加名词denythefactIdeniedthatIhadstolenthebicycle.refusev.拒绝refusetodosth.Irefusedtostealthebicycle.Lesson10Notforjazz45.【Newwordsandexpressions】（11）jazzn.爵士音乐musicaladj.音乐的instrumentn.乐器clavichordn.古钢琴recentlyadv.最近damagev.损坏keyn.琴键stringn.（乐器的）弦shockv.使不悦或生气，震惊allowv.允许，让touchv.触摸jazzn.★爵士音乐akindofmusicmusicaladj.★音乐的musicalstudent有音乐天赋的人musicstudent学音乐的人（thestudentwholearnedmusic）instrumentn.★乐器instrument=musicalinstrumentinstrument常用的意思是“器械”、“器具”，尤指医疗、机器等方面的。也可用来泛指各种乐器。clavichordn.★古钢琴,不是现代的pianoakindofinstrumentrecentlyadv.★最近recently=latelydamagev.★损坏n.①损害，损失，伤害Thestormhasdonealotofdamagetothevillage.vt.②损害，毁坏，损坏Thecarwasbadlydamagedintheaccident.keyn.★琴键n.①琴键n.②钥匙，答案keytothedoor门钥匙Doyouknowthekeytothequestion?adj.③关键的keystructureshockv.★使不悦或生气,震惊v.①使不悦或生气,震惊46.跟人的情绪有关的动词的宾语往往是“人”(以sth.为主语)Thenewsshocksme.这个消息使我震惊adj.②令人震惊的Itisshocking.adj.③感到震惊凡是能够用“人”做宾语,又是表示人的情绪活动的动词,有两个形容词形成：令人……（V+ing）；感到……（V+ed）I\'mshocked.n.④震惊getashocksb.getashock某人很吃惊shock必指坏事,令人不悦,生气的surprise好事坏事都可以,只要你没有料到的Iwanttogiveyousurprise.allowv.★允许,让allowdoingsth.Smokingisallowed.＝peopleallowsmokingallowsb.todosth./sb.beallowedtodosth.allow常用于被动语态Youareallowedtosmoke(被动语态)Youarenotallowedtoentertheroomifyoudon\'ttakethecardwithyoutouchv.★触摸vt.&vi.①触摸，碰Youarenotallowedtotouchthevase.vt.②谈及，涉及，关系到Ariseinthecostoflivingtoucheseveryone.生活费用的增加与每个人都有关系。【Text】Wehaveanoldmusicalinstrument.Itiscalledaclavichord.ItwasmadeinGermanyin1681.Ourclavichordiskeptinthelivingroom.Ithasbelongedtoourfamilyforalongtime.Theinstrumentwasboughtbymygrandfathermanyyearsago.Recentlyitwasdamagedbyavisitor.Shetriedtoplayjazzonit!Shestruckthekeystoohardandtwoofthestringswerebroken.Myfatherwasshocked.Nowwearenotallowedtotouchit.Itisbeingrepairedbyafriendofmyfather\'s.参考译文我家有件古乐器,被称作古钢琴,是1681年德国造的.我们的这架古钢琴存放在起居室里.我们家有这件乐器已经很久了,是我祖父在很多年以前买的.可它最近被一个客人弄坏了,因为她用它来弹奏爵士乐.她在击琴键时用力过猛,损坏了两根琴弦.我父亲大为吃惊,不许我们再动它.父亲的一个朋友正在修理这件乐器.【课文讲解】1、Itiscalledaclavichord.47.call在这里的意思是“把……称为”、“称呼”，既可用于主动态，也可用于被动语态。callsb.sth./sb.becalled称某人为……，什么被称为……Whatdoyoucallthis?你们把这称为什么？2、Ithasbelongedtoourfamilyforalongtime.belong是一个表示状态的动词，而不是行为动词，所以不能用于进行时，常用的时态是一般现在时和现在过去时。Thisfarmbelongstomeanditbelongedtomyfatherbeforeme.3、Shetriedtoplayjazzonit!playn.玩，演奏（乐器等）①跟球类连用,直接+球类;②跟乐器连用,+the+乐器,演奏乐器而非音乐playmusicon+③乐器,一定要用“on”【Keystructures】被动语态主动语态与被动语态皆指动词的形式而言。在主动句中，动词的主语是执行动作的人或物；在被动句中，动作是对主语执行的。被动语态由be的一种形式和过去分词构成。主动语态的时态用法规则也适用于被动语态。动词作及物动词用时才能构成被动语态。如果要说明是什么人或什么东西做了某事，则用“by+行为主体”结构。“行为主体”也可以不表示出来。【SpecialDifficulties】与被动语态的made连用的几个介词madein表示产地或时间ItwasmadeinGermany.madeof表示用某种材料制成（通常指制造后不改变该材料原来的性质或形状）Theteapotismadeofsilver.madefrom表示用数种材料制成，或者是制造后改变了材料原来的性质或形状Papercanbemadefromwood.madeby表示由谁制造Thiscakewasmadebymysister.bemadeinto被制成……Thegoldismadeintoaring.双重所有格双重所有格/双重属格:名词+of+名词所有格(名词性的物主代词)英语中通常用-’s和of结构来表示所有格。-’s结构通常用在人名和表示人称的名词的末尾，而of结构则常与无生命的名词连用。-’s结构的所有格可用于of结构之后，称为双重所有格。在名词前面，可以用a，this，that，these，some，any，no等，但不用the。Heisafriendofmine.含有“他是我的一个特殊的或惟一的朋友”之意。Heisnofriendofmine.含义是“我根本不认识他”或“他是我的敌人”强调很多当中的一个或几个的时候,选用双重属格结构afriendofmyfather/myfather\'sfriend(s)只有一个朋友48.afriendofmyfather\'s很多朋友中的一个Ithappenedtoafriendofmine.我的很多朋友中的一个【Multiplechoicequestions】7Wearenotallowedtotouchit.We___a___touchit.a.mustn\'tb.mustn\'ttoc.haven\'ttod.don\'thaveto肯定结构中must和haveto是一个概念；否定结构中must和haveto就不一样了，mustn\'t:不准,不可以；haveto的否定：don\'thaveto不必(have实意动词)Youdon\'thavetogotoschool.今天你不必去上学Youmustn\'tgotoschool.今天你不许去上学9It\'skeptinthelivingroom.That\'swherewe___a___it.a.haveb.holdc.liftd.carrykeep(kept,kept)v.保持，保存keepsth.+地点在某地放……(状态)putv.放(动作)；liftv.举起；carryv.扛着,背着,抱着holdv.拥有,持有,握着；havev.拥有That\'s后面+以特殊疑问词引导的从句That\'swhere那就是……的地方That\'swhy那就是……的原因10Thevisitordamagedit.She___c___it.a.hurtb.painedc.broked.destroyeddamaged：可以修复destroy：无法修复pain：有身体的疼痛broke：打破,打断,打碎Ibrokemyleg.hurt★hurtoneself/①身体的某个部位……受伤Hurtmyleg.②身体的某个部位+hurt……疼痛Myhandhurts.hurtfeelings③伤害……感情，……受伤Lesson11Onegoodturndeservesanother【Newwordsandexpressions】（6）turnn.行为，举止deservev.应得到，值得lawyern.律师bankn.银行salaryn.工资immediatelyadv.立刻49.turnn.★行为,举止turnn.（帮助或损害他人的）举动、行为YesterdayGeorgedidmeagood/anillturn.乔治昨天做了一件对我有利/不利的事。Heisalwaysreadytodoaturnforothers.他总是乐于为他人做好事。behaviorn.行为,举止Payattentiontoyourbehavior.deservev.★应得到,值得deserve+n.①应该得到……，值得……，应得（奖赏、惩罚等）Hedeservespraise.他应该得到表扬Yordeservethebest.你应该得到最好的Hedeservedapromotion.（promotionn.提升）deservesth./todosth.②应该……Shedeservedtobepunished.Goodworkdeservesgoodpay.多劳多得Hiswordsdeserveattention.他的话值得注意。lawyern.★律师lawyer\'soffice律师事务所bankn.★银行robthebank抢银行salaryn.★工资payn.工资(salary+wage，通用)salaryn.薪金，薪水(月薪,年薪，通常指职员、脑力劳动者（如律师、教师、医生等）有固定工作或管理阶层的收入，数额比较固定，一般按月支付)Mysalaryispaidonthe28thofthemonth.wagen.工资，工钱(按小时,周计算的，通常指技工或一般体力劳动者，不稳定的工作人的收入，按周或天支付。一般用复数形式wages)。WhenIworkedasawaiter,thewageswerelow,butthetipsweregood.我当侍者时工资不高，但小费可观。bonusn.奖金,分红colletv.搜集,领取collectsalary/wage领工资immediatelyadv.★立刻rightaway=atonce=immediately立刻,马上rightnow现在【Text】IwashavingdinneratarestaurantwhenTonySteelecamein.Tonyworkedinalawyer\'sofficeyearsago,butheisnowworkingatabank.Hegetsagoodsalary,buthealwaysborrowsmoneyfromhisfriendsandneverpays50.itback.Tonysawmeandcameandsatatthesametable.Hehasneverborrowedmoneyfromme.Whilehewaseating,Iaskedhimtolendmetwentypounds.Tomysurprise,hegavemethemoneyimmediately.\'Ihaveneverborrowedanymoneyfromyou,\'Tonysaid,\'sonowyoucanpayformydinner!\'参考译文我正在一家饭馆吃饭,托尼.斯蒂尔走了进来.托尼曾在一家律师事务所工作,而现在正在一家银行上班.他的薪水很高,但他却总是向朋友借钱,并且从来不还.托尼看见了我,就走过来和我坐到一张桌子前.他从未向我借过钱.当他吃饭时,我提出向他借20英镑.令我惊奇的是,他立刻把钱给了我.“我还从未向你借过钱,“托尼说道,“所以现在你可以替我付饭钱了!”【课文讲解】1、Onegoodturndeservesanother礼尚往来,善有善报onebadturndeservesanother恶有恶报2、Tonyworkedinalawyer\'sofficeyearsago,butheisnowworkingatabank.workfor…强调工作workin…强调in后面的地点workingatabank(some/several)yearsago名词-s,前面省略了some3、Hegetsagoodsalary,buthealwaysborrowsmoneyfromhisfriendsandneverpaysitback.TheteachersintheNewOrientalschoolcangetagoodsalary.borrowsth.fromsb.从……借……never=not前面不需要加助动词pay在这里的意思是“偿还（债务等）”，还可解释为“付，支付（价款、账单）等”。Pay既是及物动词也可以是不及物动词。Howmuchdidyoupayforthatdress?Ipaidthebill.payback还钱neverpaysitback从不归还4、Tonysawmeandcameandsatatthesametable.and连接三个并列的动词atthesametable坐在同一张桌子旁边attable吃饭atthetable坐在桌子旁边Wouldyouliketojoinus?5、\'Ihaveneverborrowedanymoneyfromyou,\'Tonysaid,\'sonowyoucanpayformydinner!\'payfor为……而付钱Ihavepaidforyouadinner.Ihavepaid20dollarsforthebook.ask(sb.)forsth.问……要……It\'smytreat.我请客Thistimeisyourtreat.Nexttimeismyturn.Let\'sgodutch.AA制51.【Keystructures】复习动词时态：TheTajMahal______(build)intheseventeenthcenturyfortheemperorShahJehan.Afewyearsafterhe______(become)ruler,hiswife,Mumtaz-i-Mahal,______(die).TheTajMahal______(build)inherhonour.Experts______(call)infrommanypartsoftheworldtoconstructthedomesandtodecoratethewalls.TheTajMahalwhich______(begin)in1632and______(complete)in1654______(cost)afortune.Uptothepresentday,it______(visit)bymillionsofpeople.TheTajMahal泰姬陵inone\'shonour为了纪念某人uptothepresentday=uptonowwasbuilt；became；died；wasbuilt；werecalled(callin:召集)；wasbegun；wascompleted；costhasbeenvisited【SpecialDifficulties】动词+名词/代词+带to的不定式某些动词之后的带to的不定式之前可以有一个名词或代词。有些动词后的名词/代词可有可无，但有和没有经常影响影响整个句子的意义。Iaskedhimtolendmetwentypounds.IwanttospeaktoJohn.IwantyoutospeaktoJohn.Wouldyouliketodosth.?I’dlikesb.todosth.I’dliketodosth.还有一些动词后面用不定式作宾语时，其后通常必须有一名词或代词。这类动词有allow，advise，help，teach，tell，request等，这类动词不但可用于主动语态，也可用于被动语态：Wewerenotallowedtoseethepicture.hope一定不能说hopesb.todosth.，正确用法是hopetodo(希望自己)或hopethat(希望别人)【Multiplechoicequestions】4Tonyisworkingatabank___a___.a.atthemomentb.ayearagoc.sincelastyeard.forayearatthemoment用现在进行时since（+点时间）自从……，用现在完成时sinceyesterdayfor(+段时间)一段……，用现在完成时forthreehours；foraday；forthreedayssincethreedaysago用一般过去时8Hegetsagoodsalary.Hissalaryisvery___a___.a.goodb.wellc.fined.beautifulgoodsalary不错的薪水well表示好的时候一般用作副词fine用来形容天气好,质量好beautiful美丽,漂亮的52.10Tonymustpaythemoneyback.Hemust___c___.a.payitagainb.payitc.repayitd.payitoncemorepayback还钱；paysomething付钱；payagain再次付钱；payit付钱oncemore=againrepayit=payback11Therearen\'tenoughchairshereforusall.Pleasebring___b___one.a.otherb.anotherc.extrad.adifferentone在这里是代词，指代上文的名词，指代单数可数名词，可数名词单数前一定要加’a/an’Lesson12Goodbyeandgoodluck【Newwordsandexpressions】（6）luckn.运气，幸运captainn.船长sailv.航行harbourn.港口proudadj.自豪importantadj.重要的luckn.★运气,幸运goodluck=breakyourleg祝你好运blessyou保重（比如在别人打喷嚏时说的话）luckyadj.幸运的luckydog幸运儿luckyday幸运日It’smyluckyday.今天我真幸运luckilyadv.幸运地unluckyadj.不幸的sailv.★航行vi.①（船）航行，扬帆行驶TheshipissailingforNewYork.vi.②（人）乘船航行Iwanttosailaroundtheworld.n.③帆，篷Thisboathaswhitesalis.harbourn.★港口portn.港口airport航空港proudadj.★自豪，自满beproudof以……为自豪，为（某人）感到自豪Parentsareproudoftheirchildren.priden.自豪takepridein以……为自豪53.importantadj.★重要的importancen.重大【Text】Ourneighbour,CaptainCharlesAlison,willsailfromPortsmouthtomorrow.We\'llmeethimattheharbourearlyinthemorning.Hewillbeinhissmallboat,Topsail.Topsailisafamouslittleboat.IthassailedacrosstheAtlanticmanytimes.CaptainAlisonwillsetoutateighto\'clock,sowe\'llhaveplentyoftime.We\'llseehisboatandthenwe\'llsaygoodbyetohim.Hewillbeawayfortwomonths.Weareveryproudofhim.HewilltakepartinanimportantraceacrosstheAtlantic.参考译文我们的邻居查尔斯.艾利森船长明天就要从朴次茅斯(英国港市)启航了.明天一大早我们将在码头为他送行.他将乘坐他的“涛波赛”号小艇.“涛波赛”号是艘有名的小艇,它已经多次横渡大西洋.艾利森船长将于8点钟启航,因此我们有充裕的时间.我们将参观他的船,然后和他告别.他要离开两个月,我们真为他感到自豪,他将参加一次重大的横渡大西洋的比赛.【课文讲解】1、We\'llmeethimattheharbourearlyinthemorning.在表示时间的短语inthemorning，intheafternoon等前面可以再加上early，late等副词，以便确切地表示时间earlyinthemorning一大早lateintheafternoon傍晚2、IthassailedacrosstheAtlanticmanytimes.across是对某个细长物“横切、横断、横渡”等，尤指河流、马路、海洋等；过桥用overtheAtlantic=theAtlanticOcean大西洋once，twice，threetimes…表示次数的时候,for一定不能加Idosomethingtwice.3、CaptainAlisonwillsetoutateighto\'clock,sowe\'llhaveplentyoftime.setout/setoff/beginsomething出发，动身plenty=enough相对多，充足的，足够的plentyof足够多的……Ihaveplentyofmoney.alotof指客观上的多4、We\'llseehisboatandthenwe\'llsaygoodbyetohim.see=visit参观CanIseeit?saygoodbye(tosb.)；sayhelloto(tosb.)；saysorryto(tosb.)Isaidhellotohimthismorning.Youmustsaysorrytosomebody.54.5、Hewillbeawayfortwomonths.瞬间动词不是不能用完成时态,而是指不能与段时间连用,一旦要用段时间就要将其变为“系表结构”即“be+形容词或介词短语构成”Hehasbeenawayfortwohours.=Helefttwohoursago.点时间有的动词可用be+形容词系表结构表状态来代替arrive=behere/there；leave=beaway；die=bedead；join(也是瞬间动词)=beasoldier/inthearmy6、HewilltakepartinanimportantraceacrosstheAtlantic.takepart(in)参加，参与（某项活动）enterfor报名参加Ihaveenteredforthemeeting,butnowIdon\'twanttotakepartinthemeeting.animportantraceacrosstheAtlantic横渡大西洋的比赛（介词短语做定语放在被修饰词的后面）thepersonatthedoorbeintherace=takepartintherace参加比赛attherace在比赛场地观看比赛【Keystructures】一般将来时１、一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态２、将来时的结构①基本结构:shall/will+动词原形shall常用在第一人称I或we的后面，而will可用于所有人称，缩略为’ll，否定式中，willnot可缩略为’llnot或won’t，shallnot缩略shan’t（在美语中很少用shall）begoingtodosth./begonnadosth.②（美语）打算做某事;begoingto与will一般可以互换，但与打算无关含义的句子,will与begoingtodo不能互换I’llmissyou.（不能用begoingto）He\'lllose.他要输了。（不能用begoingto）I\'llbesixteenyearsoldnextyear.（不能用begoingto）be+todosth.③表示计划安排在某事或用来征求意见Iamtohaveaholiday.beabouttodosth.④即将做某事.willbedoing⑤表示将要做某事bedoing⑥（瞬间动词）用现在进行时表示将来时态用现在进行时表示将来的动词有：go，come，arrive，leave，die，land，joinbe⑦一般现在时表示将要发生Ifitrains,…【SpecialDifficulties】be+副词构成的表语动词be如与不同的副词连用意义不同，意思主要由副词的意义决定：bein在家；beout出去；beaway离开；beon上映；beback回来；beover结束；beuptosth.胜任某件事情,能够做某件事55.set+副词构成的短语动词setout出发，动身When’llyousetoutforLondon?setoff出发，启程I’llsetoffforhomethedayaftertomorrow.setup创立，建立；（arecord）创造……记录Mr.Jacksonhassetupaschoolinthevillage.HasTomsetupanewworldrecord?Lesson13TheGreenwoodBoys【Newwordsandexpressions】（5）groupn.小组，团体popsinger流行歌手clubn.俱乐部performancen.演出occasionn.场合groupn.★小组,团体agroupof表示一群或一个团体Youcanseeagroupofislandsinthemiddleofthelake.groupn.组合，指合唱团（如BackStreet后街男孩）bandn.乐队（如零点乐队,只有一个主唱）popsinger★流行歌手popadj.受欢迎的，通俗的，流行的，大众的（popular的缩写）popsong(music)流行音乐popstar:歌星clubn.★俱乐部nightclub夜总会performancen.★演出n.①执行，完成，履行Heispraisedfortheexcellentperformanceofhisduties.n.②表现，工作情况Hisperformanceinthemathematicsexamisnotverygood.n.③演出，表演Thepopsingerswillgivefiveperformances.-mance名词后缀performv.演出occasionn.★场合中文:在某种场合,某种条件下,某种环境中56.英文:occasion=time某个时候thisoccasion；onthe(this)occasion在这种时候occasionally＝sometimes有时候,偶尔【Text】TheGreenwoodBoysareagroupofpopsingers.Atpresent,theyarevisitingallpartsofthecountry.Theywillbearrivingheretomorrow.Theywillbecomingbytrainandmostoftheyoungpeopleinthetownwillbemeetingthematthestation.TomorroweveningtheywillbesingingattheWorkers\'Club.TheGreenwoodBoyswillbestayingforfivedays.Duringthistime,theywillgivefiveperformances.Asusual,thepolicewillhaveadifficulttime.Theywillbetryingtokeeporder.Itisalwaysthesameontheseoccasions.参考译文“绿林少年”是一个流行歌曲演唱团.目前他们正在全国各地巡回演出,明天就要到达此地.他们将乘火车来,镇上的大部分青年人将到车站迎接他们.明晚他们将在工人俱乐部演出.“绿林少年”准备在此逗留5天.在此期间,他们将演出5场.同往常一样,警察的日子将不好过,他们将设法维持秩序.每逢这种场合,情况都是这样.【课文讲解】1、Atpresent,theyarevisitingallpartsofthecountry.atpresent=now目前，现在Thedoctorisverybusyatpresent.nowadaysadv.目前uptonow=sofar到现在为止visitv.拜访、参观；(歌手)巡演visit+地点表示去某地Theystayinallpartsoftheworld.visitsomeplace带有职业相关目的visitchina某某人到中国访问TheheadmastersoftheNewOrientalschoolvisitedLanzhou.这里指演讲allpartsofthecountry全国各地（all在这里的意思是“各种的，各个”）allpartsoftheworld全世界各地；介词用ininallpartsoftheworld在全世界各地2、Theywillbecomingbytrainandmostoftheyoungpeopleinthetownwillbemeetingthematthestation.willbedoing将来进行时态，用来表示最近的将来正在进行的动作或说话人设想已经安排好的事情，将来进行时态的意思往往等于一般将来时态.Wewillbeacting.我们将要行动了mostoftheyoungpeopleinthetown镇上的大部分年轻人(介词短语作定语)mostof+the…大多数的……(一定要加‘the’)mostofthebooks;mostofthetimemostoftheyoungpeople=mostyoungpeoplemoststudents=mostofthestudents.57.meet★vt.&vi.①（偶然）遇见，遇到Wemetatarestaurant.vt.②（约定地点或时间）和……会面，迎接meetsb.+地点去某地接某人WhowillbemeetyouwhenyouarriveinLondon?seesb.off送行,目送vt.③（经介绍）和……相识/见面I’dliketomeetyourbrother.3、TomorroweveningtheywillbesingingattheWorkers\'Club.lastnight昨天夜间；tonight今天夜间；tomorrownight明天夜间；nextnight第二天晚上attheWorkers\'Club在工人俱乐部tomorrowevening明天晚上；yesterdayevening昨天晚上；thisevening今天晚上4、TheGreenwoodBoyswillbestayingforfivedays.Duringthistime,theywillgivefiveperformances.…willbestayinghereforfivedays逗留五天…givefiveperformances演出五场5、Asusual,thepolicewillhaveadifficulttime.asusual象往常一样，照例Onthatday,hewaslateforworkasusual.difficult这里解释为“难对付的”、“费劲的”，指麻烦比较多。haveagoodtime玩得开心haveahardtime生活得艰辛haveadifficulttime日子不象平时那样惬意6、Theywillbetryingtokeeporder.Itisalwaysthesameontheseoccasions.trytodosth.设法做某事,尽力做某事order常用的意义是“次序、顺序”，也可当“治安、秩序”讲keeporder维持次序publicorder治安当用occasion表示在某个/些场合时，它与介词on连用ontheseoccasion(s)每逢这种场合thesame表示情况相同注意同一意思的多种表达方式Whyareyoulate?=Whattookyousolong?你为什么迟到?【Keystructures】将来进行时将来进行时由will/shall+be+现在分词构成，通常用于表示最近或很久的将来正在进行的动作。将来进行时常用来表示说话人设想已经安排好的事。I’llbeworkingformyexamsnextmonth.下个月我将用功看书准备考试。Bythistimetomorrow,I’llbelyingonthebeach.58.将来进行时与一般将来时有时表达的意思差不多，但一般将来时中的will经常具有蓄意为之的含义（如表示主语的意愿、决心、许诺等），将来进行时不具有这些含义，只表示单纯的将来，或者说只陈述将来的事实，但它语气比单用will时委婉客气。Whenwillyoufinishtheseletters?（如上司对下属）WhenwillyoubeseeingMr.White?（如下属对上司）Marywon’tpaythisbill.（她拒绝付帐）Marywon’tbepayingthisbill.（将来的事实）Won’tyoujoinusfordinner?你来和我们一起吃饭好吗？（邀请）Won’tyoubejoiningusfordinner?你会和我们一起吃饭吗？（将来的事实）【语法精粹】1."Themeetingisscheduledtobeginat7o\'clock""But__C___adelay."A.itwillbeB.there\'dbeC.therewillbeD.thereisschedule按计划；delayn.延迟,拖延和耽误itbe它是，be动词的后面一旦加名词,往往认为主语和名词之间是等号关系therebe哪儿有(某地有某物)，有某事发生Therewillbeameeting.那儿将开会Therewasafire.发生大火2.He\'llleaveforParisbeforeyou___C__nextweek.A.willcomebackB.willbebackC.comebackD.camebackbefore在这里是状语从句的标志在状语从句中不可能出现将来时,都被一般现在时态取代3.Ournextmeeting__C___on1stDecemberA.hasbeenheldB.willholdC.istobeheldD.isholdingbeto,将来的标志,是将来还是被动4.Where__C___awill,thereisaway.A.therewillhaveB.hasbeenthereC.thereisD.therehasbeen.是个谚语“有志者事竞成”，“哪儿有愿望,哪儿就有路”where引导的是地点主语从句5.It__B___beWednesdaytomorrow.A.isgoingtoB.willC.isabouttoD.istoWill和begoingto一般的情况可以互换,遇上没有办法打算和计划安排的,只能用willbe（单纯的表将来）beaboutto计划打算；beto计划打算；begoingto计划打算【SpecialDifficulties】名词所有格：一般只对人和某些生物用-’s，名词所有格放在其所修饰的名词之前，但在上下文很清楚时名词可省略。名词所有格的规则①在单数名词及不以-s结尾的人名后加-\'s；②在以-s结尾的单数名词后加-\'s；59.③在规则的复数名词的-s后面加所有格符号\'；④在以-s结尾的人名后面即可以用\'s也可以用所有格符号\'；⑤如果是用and连接的两个人名，则在第二个人名上加-\'s；也可以同时有两个所有格：Mybrother’sneighbour’ssisterisanurse.我兄弟的邻居的姐姐/妹妹是一名护士。⑥有些无生命的物体后面也可以用所有格，如与时间有关的：intwentyminutes\'time3minutes\'walk(drive)走路或开车三分钟的路程amonth’ssalary表示值多少钱也可以用所有格：Iwanttenpounds\'worthofmincedmeat.（mincedmeat碎肉）Howmuchdamagewasthere?哪儿有多大的损失?Therewasahundredpounds\'worthofdamage.【语法精粹】Iwant(C).A.adollarworthcandyB.candyadollar\'sworthC.adollar\'sworthofcandyD.adollarworth\'scandy【Multiplechoicequestions】5Duringthistime,theywillgivefiveperformances.That\'swhatthey\'lldo___a___thistime.a.inb.onc.ofd.whileduringthistime:在这段期间during和in之间有区别,但是它们之间却是近义词duringthistime=inthistime（thistime这一次）6Thepolicewillhaveadifficulttime___a___.a.asusuallb.asusualc.thanusuad.fromusualasusual像往常一样7Thepolice___b___expectingthesingerstoarrivesoon.a.isb.arec.willd.wasthepeople,thepolice,thecattle集合名词，表示复数8Theyarepopsingers.So___c___.a.theyarefolksingersb.theyarepublicsingersc.everyonelikesthemd.noonelikesthempop=popularadj.受欢迎的,everyonelikesfolkadj.民间的,民族；publicadj.公众的12It\'salwaysthesameontheseoccasions.It\'salwaysthesameat___d___likethis.a.situationb.conditionsc.placed.timesontheseoccasions:在一个时候situation:情况,inthesituationcondition:状态,条件,inthecondition11TheGreenwoodBoyswillgivefiveperformances.Theywillgivefive___a___.60.a.recitalb.executionsc.playd.songsrecitaln.朗诵，（对外公开）的演出executionn.演出(倾向技巧)；playn.戏剧；songsn.歌子61.Lesson14DoyouspeakEnglish?【Newwordsandexpressions】（7）amusingadj.好笑的，有趣的experiencen.经历wavev.招手liftn.搭便车replyv.回答languagen.语言journeyn.旅行amusingadj.★好笑的,有趣的Thestoryisamusing.（好笑的）amusedadj.感到好笑的（要笑出声）Iamamused.amusev.使发笑，使愉快Thestoryamusedme.funnyadj.好笑的（不一定要笑出声可以指贬义），开心的，令人开心的interesting/funnystoryexperiencen.★经历（可数）；经验（不可数）n.①经历（可数）Hehasalotofexperiences.（经历，可数名词）n.②经验，体验（不可数）Theywantsomeonewithalotofexperienceforthisjob.（经验，不可数名词）Doesshehaveanyexperienceinteaching?vt.③经验，体验Haveyoueverexperiencedanythinglikethis?Thevillagehasexperiencedgreatchangessince1980.experiencedadj.有经验的，经验丰富的Heisanexperienceddoctor.wavev.★招手wavetosb.向某人招手liftn.★搭便车takeabus/taxi/lift乘公共汽车/乘出租汽车/搭便车Bwantstotakealift.某人想搭便车Iwanttotakealift.AgiveBalift.让某人搭便车Thestudentgavemealift.thumblift拇指便车(向过路车辆竖起拇指表示要求免费搭车)replyv.★回答reply与answer的区别：①作为不及物动词是一样的:62.Heanswered/replied.②作为及物动词就不一样了:answersth.answertheletter回信replytosth.Iwillreplytotheletter.回信languagen.★语言nativelanguage母语ThenativelanguageisChinese.mothertongue母语(口语中用)MymothertongueisChinese.journeyn.★旅行journeyn.所有的旅行，偏重于陆地旅行goonajourney2hours\'journey；3days\'journey(三天路程)tripn.短距离旅行或出差(时间或距离上较短)goonatrip=goonbusinesstraveln.周游（长途旅行）tourn.游玩（为了玩）touristn.游客voyagen.旅行(海上)flightn.空中飞行【Text】Ihadanamusingexperiencelastyear.AfterIhadleftasmallvillageinthesouthofFrance,Idroveontothenexttown.Ontheway,ayoungmanwavedtome.Istoppedandheaskedmeforalift.Assoonashehadgotintothecar,IsaidgoodmorningtohiminFrenchandherepliedinthesamelanguage.Apartfromafewwords,IdonotknowanyFrenchatall.Neitherofusspokeduringthejourney.Ihadnearlyreachedthetown,whentheyoungmansuddenlysaid,veryslowly,"DoyouspeakEnglish?\'AsIsoonlearnt,hewasEnglishhimself!\'参考译文去年我有过一次有趣的经历.在离开法国南部的一个小村庄后,我继续驶往下一个城镇.途中,一个青年人向我招手.我把车停下,他向我提出要求搭车.他一上车,我就用法语向他问早上好,他也同样用法语回答我.除了个别几个单词外,我根本不会法语.旅途中我们谁也没讲话.就要到达那个镇时,那青年突然开了口,慢慢地说道:“你会讲英语吗?”我很快了解到,他自己就是个英国人!【课文讲解】1、AfterIhadleftasmallvillageinthesouthofFrance,Idroveontothenexttown.after引导的从句如果一个是过去时，一个是过去完成时，那一定是从句用过去完成时；before引导的从句表示“在……之前”，主句发生在从句之前,主句用过去完成时。driveon继续开往（on加在动词的后面表示继续）Myheartwillgoon《我心永恒》driveto开车去某地63.副词on紧跟在动词后面时可以表示“向前”、“继续下去”等意义：Hetalkedonuntileverybodyhadgone.他滔滔不绝地讲到大家都走了。Iwasreadingwhenmyfriendcalled.Afterhehadgone,Iwentontoread.我朋友来看我时我正在看书。他走了以后我便继续看书。表达方位的表达方式一共有3个介词,in（在……里面）,on（接壤），to（没有相接的,是相离的）AistotheeastofBA在B的东方（A与B不相接）AisontheeastofBA在B的东方（A与B接壤）AisintheeastofBA在B的东方（A在B的里面）2、Ontheway,ayoungmanwavedtome.ontheway在路上,在途中wavetosb.冲某人挥手3、Assoonashehadgotintothecar,IsaidgoodmorningtohiminFrenchandherepliedinthesamelanguage.assoonas一……就……，后面一定要加一个句子(时间状语从句),强调两个动作几乎是连在一起的，“一”后面的先发生AssoonasIhadenteredtheroom,Itookoffmycoatatonce.AssoonasIhadreceivedtheletter,Iringed/calledhimback.只要是状语从句,一旦遇到将来时,变为一般现在时Assoonasyouarrive,youmustcallme.你一到就打我电话表示用某种语言作为交际手段时介词用in，表示讲某种语言时可以不加介词。IspeakEnglish.IsayawordinChinese.ThatbookiswritteninGerman.reply要想加宾语要加to(+要回答的内容)，而inthesamelanguage在句中作状语,不是replay所应回答的问题(宾语),故用in4、Apartfromafewwords,IdonotknowanyFrenchatall.apartfrom…除……以外not…atall一点都不，表强调Idon\'tlikeit.Idon\'tlikeitatall.5、Ihadnearlyreachedthetown,whentheyoungmansuddenlysaid,veryslowly,"DoyouspeakEnglish?\'nearly将要when的翻译要看当时的具体情况,在这里译为“就在此时”IhadnearlyreachedhomewhenIfoundmymotherstandingthere.DoyouspeakEnglish?你说英语吗?你是说英语国家的人吗?（问的是一个事实，不是问会说英语吗）Doyouswim?你去游泳吗?Canyouswim?你会游泳吗?6、AsIsoonlearnt,hewasEnglishhimself!\'Ilearn我得知；Iknow我知道(我本来就知道)As+主语+动词，从句（Asmymothersaid/AsIheard/AsIlearnt）正如……64.Asweknow,theNewConceptEnglishisverygood.正如我们所知……AsIthink,itisthecoldestdayintheyear.Ashesaid,Englishiseasytolearn.himself反身代词单独放在句尾,起强调作用IreadEnglishmyself.【Keystructures】过去完成时过去完成时：由had+过去分词构成，它表示过去某时或某动作发生之前已经完成的动作或情况，即“较早的过去”。过去完成时一定要以一个过去时态作铺垫,这个动作一定要发生在haddone之后。在用过去完成时态的句子中，常用连词when，after，assoonas，until，bythattime等。常与现在完成时连用的副词如already，just，never，never…before也常与过去完成时连用，以强调事件发生的先后次序：Ididn’tknowthatshewasafamousactressuntilyouhadtoldme.Theboyslovedthezoo.Theyhadneverseenwildanimalsbefore.在那些用过去完成时的句子中没有明确的时间状语，但通过上下文可以看出动作发生的先后。ExercisesD(用正确的时态填空)1Themomenthehadsaidthis,he______(regret)it.themoment=assoonas一……就……，后面直接加从句2It______(begin)torainbeforeshetookataxi.before引导的从句用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时【SpecialDifficulties】Ask与AskFor：askv.问，询问；请求，要求，邀请askaquestion/asksb.问（一个问题）/问某人Iasked(Mary)aquestion.TheyaskedTonytosingasong.Theyaskedhertospendtheweekendwiththem.askfor要，要求（某样东西）askfortheanswerIaskedforacupofcoffee,buttheygavemeacupoftea.Youarealwaysaskingforhelp.Except,Exceptfor与Apartfrom三者都表示“除……以外”，有时可以互换，但except不用于句首，exceptfor和apartfrom则可以。Everyonehashelpedinsomewayapartfrom/exceptfor/exceptyou.Apartfrom/Exceptforyou,everyonehashelpedinsomeway.apartfrom习惯上喜欢放句首,apartfrom=except/besides如果认为整体之中做这件事情的人除了整体之外，还有这个人也做了（包括），是加号=besides；如果认为整体之中做这件事情的人除了整体之外，这个人没有做（排除），是减号=except；如果放在句首，统一用apartfrom代替except/besidesAllthepassengersaremillionaireexceptus.（减号）IinvitedeveryoneexceptGeorge./ExceptforGeorgeIinvitedeveryone.Exceptfor/apartfromthis,everythingisinorder.exceptfor含有对整体中的某一个方面不满意，exceptfor可以不放在句首,强调整体当中某一方面除外,65.剩下的整体都不错Thearticleisverygoodexceptforhishandwriing.Exceptforhisheight,heisveryexcellent.Whichof，Eitherof，Neigherof与Bothof上面这些短语都可用于指两个人或两件事eitherof两者当中的任何一个neitherof两者都不whichof那一个bothof两者都①当询问在两个或更多的人或事物中偏爱哪一个或选择哪一个时，可用whichIlikebothofthesebags.Whichofthetwodoyouprefer?either②与neither都是对两个人或物而言（后接单数名词）。either指oneortheother（不是这个就是那个），either和neither后跟of时则指两个事物中的每一个eitherofsb.……当中的任何一个neitherofsb.……当中的任何一个都不（neitherof[]\uf035\uf035（注意英音与美音的读音）两者之间都不,一旦出现,这句话里面不会再出现not）Idon\'tlikethebook.Mysisterdoesn\'tlikeiteither.Neitherofuslikesit.(注意要用单数)WhichbagshallIuse?Eitherofthem.Itdoesn’tmatterwhich.哪个都行。用哪个都没关系。Neitherofthem.Useasuitcase.哪个都不行。用个手提箱吧。both③只指两个人或物。当它用在名词前时，of可有可无；当用在代词前面时，其后必须加ofBothbooks/Bothofthebooksareinteresting.Bothofus/themleftearly.noneof④三者或三者以上之间都不Exercise5Hecouldnotanswer(neitherof)(eitherof)thequestionsI(asked)(askedfor).eitherof（前面有not,故只能选eitherof）,asked【Multiplechoicequestions】6IspeakafewwordsofFrench.Idon\'tknow___b___French.a.manyb.muchc.plentyofd.alittleFrench不可数,不能用manyplentyof足够多的；not…plentyof不够多notmuch=alittle一些notalittle=much很多7Neitherofusspoke.We___c___.a.neitherspokeb.eitherspokec.bothdidn\'tspeakd.neitherdidn\'tspeakneither不会和not连用；不能说weneither，只能说neitherofuseither任何一个both两者都weboth/bothofus两个都66.11HerepliedinFrench.He___b___thewriterinFrench.a.responedb.answeredc.returned.remarkedresponded和replied用法一样，replied后面加宾语一定要加to，answer可以直接加宾语9Theyoungmanwavedtothewriter.He___c___him.a.saluteb.greetedc.signalledtod.noddedsalutev.行军礼,军人的问候Thesoldiersalutedhisofficer.士兵的问候greetv.问候；signalv.发出信号10Heaskedforalift.Hewasa___b___.a.trampb.hitchhikerc.passenged.foreignertrampn.流浪汉；hitchhiker搭便车的人；passengern.乘客(指要付车钱的那种)12Thewriterhad___b___reachedthetownwhentheyoungmanspoke.a.oftenb.almostc.sometimesd.justasalmost=nearlyjustas+时间从句正当……时候Lesson15Goodnews【Newwordsandexpressions】（5）secretaryn.秘书nervousadj.精神紧张的affordv.负担得起weakadj.弱的interruptv.插话，打断secretary[\uf073\uf069\uf035\uf06b\uf072\uf069\uf03a\uf074\uf045\uf072\uf069][\uf073\uf069\uf035\uf06b\uf072\uf069\uf03a\uf074\uf072\uf069]n.★\uf035\uf035秘书两种发音，同样还有history也是两种发音secret[]n.\uf035秘密（注意发音与secretary的不同）nervousadj.★精神紧张的adj.①神经质的，神经紧张的Sheisanervouswoman.Doyouseethatnervoussmileonherface?②紧张的，担心的，情绪不安的Hehadneverspokeninpublic,sohewasverynervous.nervousadj.精神紧张的（事情发生时）worriedadj.担心的（为以后的事情）upsetadj.不安的(对以前的事情)irritableadj.易怒的，急躁的Ourteacherisanirritableoldlady.Shegetsangryeasily.67.affordv.★负担得起vt.①买得起（常与can/can’t连用）affordsth.Icanaffordthecoat.vt.②担负得起（损失、后果等），花得起（时间）（常与can/can’t连用）affordmoney/timeIcanaffordthehoilday.(有时间去)Icanaffordfiveyuan.Icanonlyaffordoneweekforthetrip.affordtodosth.Ican’taffordtobeillagain.我不能再病了。Icanaffordtobuythebook.vt.③提供，给予Joeaffordedusaroomforthenight.interruptv.★插话,打断interruptv.打断某人的话disturbv.打扰某人Sorrytodisturbyou.interruptionn.中断，打断【Text】ThesecretarytoldmethatMr.Harmsworthwouldseeme.IfeltverynervouswhenIwentintohisoffice.HedidnotlookupfromhisdeskwhenIentered.AfterIhadsatdown,hesaidthatbusinesswasverybad.Hetoldmethatthefirmcouldnotaffordtopaysuchlargesalaries.Twentypeoplehadalreadyleft.Iknewthatmyturnhadcome.\'Mr.Harmsworth,\'Isaidinaweakvoice.\'Don\'tinterrupt,\'hesaid.ThenhesmiledandtoldmeIwouldreceiveanextrathousandpoundsayear!参考译文秘书告诉我说哈姆斯沃斯先生要见我.我走进他的办公室,感到非常紧张.我进去的时候,他连头也没抬.待我坐下后,他说生意非常不景气.他还告诉我,公司支付不起这么庞大的工资开支,有20个人已经离去.我知道这次该轮到我了.“哈姆斯沃斯先生,“我无力地说.“不要打断我的话,“他说.然后他微笑了一下告诉我说,我每年将得到1,000英镑的额外收入.【课文讲解】1、ThesecretarytoldmethatMr.Harmsworthwouldseeme.would在这里不是表示单纯的过去将来时，而是表示“想……”、“要……”的意思：Whatwouldyouliketohave?Johnwouldn’tlendmehisbicycle.2、HedidnotlookupfromhisdeskwhenIentered.lookup表示原先在埋头干什么，之后抬头看68.Helookedup(fromhisbook)whenheheardanoise.lookdown往地上看（lookup的反义词）lookdownupon/onsb.瞧不起某人Ilookdownuponmysister.3、AfterIhadsatdown,hesaidthatbusinesswasverybad.Businessisverygood!生意好!4、Hetoldmethatthefirmcouldnotaffordtopaysuchlargesalaries.collectsalary领薪水paysalary支付薪水large一般指东西的数量大so的后面加形容词或副词；such的后面加名词,容许在该名词前面加修饰词5、Iknewthatmyturnhadcome.turnn.轮流，轮班，（依次轮流时各自的）一次机会Myturnhascome.Itismyturn.轮到我了(口语常用形式)Whenhisturncame,hecouldn’tspeakanyword.6、\'Mr.Harmsworth,\'Isaidinaweakvoice.ina…voice用……的声音inaloud(大声)/low(低声)/weak(强调心里不踏实)/strong(理直气壮)voice7、ThenhesmiledandtoldmeIwouldreceiveanextrathousandpoundsayear!以下几个词都可表示“再,又”的意思,注意用法:anextrathousand(①作名词看)数量+extra+名词再有多少OnSundays,Iusuallygetsomeextrasleep.Lastmonth,hewaspaidanextrahundredpounds.twoothers=twoother+②名词twomore③Givemetwoextra/other/morebooks.再给我两本书。oncemore:再一次anotherthreedays④另外三天（只有another的数词在后面）【Keystructures】间接引语把某人所说的话告诉另外一个人时，应该使用间接引语。间接陈述句的时态往往受引述动词的影响。引述陈述句时最常用的动词是say和tell，tell后面必须跟表示人称的间接宾语（tellsb.），而say后面则可跟或不跟to+讲话对象。1、主从一致:主句和从句的时态一致①主句的动词为一般现在时,从句为任意时态②主句的动词为一般过去时,从句为相对应的过去时态（时态倒移）一般现在时——>一般过去时现在进行时——>过去进行时69.现在完成时——>过去完成时将来完成时——>过去将来完成时一般过去时——>过去完成时2、人称变化：主要是第一和第二人称变化3、只要属于宾语从句,引导词that可以省略【SpecialDifficulties】NervousandIrritablenervousadj.紧张不安的Examinationsmakemenervous.irritableadj.易怒的Heissuchanirritableperson,youcanhardlyspeaktohim.他这个人如此容易发怒，你简直没有办法与他讲话。Office,Study,Deskofficen.办公室studyn.书房IoftenreadinthestudywhenIwantpeaceandquiet.deskn.课桌Exercises1Weshallusethespareroominournewhouseasa______.study5Sincehisillnesshehasbeenvery______.Heisalwayslosinghistemper.irritableSincehisillness=>自从他生了病（since+名词）【Multiplechoicequestions】6___d___turnisit?It\'syourturn.a.Whichb.Towhomc.Whod.WhoseMyturnhascome.(书面语)/Itismyturn.(口语)Whoseturn(isit)?/whoisnext?轮到谁，谁是下一个？10It\'syourturn___c___.a.It\'syourlineb.It\'syourrowc.You\'renextd.It\'syourchanceIt\'syourturn.You\'renext.12Thewriterwouldreceiveanextra￡1,000ayear.Hewouldget￡1,000ayear___b___.a.lessb.morec.overd.upmore可以放数词和名词之间,甚至可以放在整个名词的后面twomoreeggs,oncemore；extra和other一定放在数词和名词之间,another一定放在数词前面oversth.超过(多余)什么东西overthreeyearsupadv.往上climbup【语法精粹】70.间接引语：如果是现在进行时在直接引语当中变成间接引语,极有可能选用过去完成时1.Mybrother__Ａ__whilehe____hisbicycleandhurthimself.A.fell/wasridingB.feel/wasridingC.hadfallen/rodeD.hadfallen/wasridingfell(跌下来),ride(骑自行车)2.He__C__hislegashe_____inafootballmatch.A.broke/playedB.wasbreaking/wasplayingC.broke/wasplayingD.wasbreaking/playedbreakone\'sleg3.Myfatherwillbeheretomorrow.Ithoughtthathe__A__today.A.wascomingB.iscomingC.willcomeD.comesbecoming表示将要跟go，come，leave，arrive相连的词一定会用进行时态表示将来时态，它们过去进行时态很有可能表达过去将来时态的含义4.Jackwasgoingoutoftheshopwhenhecollidedwithanoldwomanwho__B__.A.comeB.wascomingC.hadbeencomingD.hadcomecollide:相撞,是相对概念5.Mikecouldn\'tcometothetelephonewhenMr.Smithcalledherbecauseshe___C__inthelab.A.hadbeenworkingB.hasbeenworkingC.wasworkingD.workedLesson16Apoliterequest【Newwordsandexpressions】（9）parkv.停放（汽车）trafficn.交通ticketn.交通违规罚款单noten.便条arean.地段signn.指示牌remindern.提示failv.无视，忘记obeyv.服从parkv.★停放(汽车)parkingarea停车场stopthecar车在运动中停下来trafficn.★交通trafficpolice交通警trafficlights交通灯,另义为拐弯口,红绿灯,十字路口71.trafficjam交通堵塞Ispendalotoftimeintrafficjamheavytraffic繁重的交通Iwasorderedtodriveinheavytraffic.（inheavytraffic交通拥挤）firstcrossing/turning叉路口,拐角noten.★便条noten.纸条,纸钞makenotes做笔记messagen.消息arean.★地段arean.场地,地段(一块对方),大地点,小地点都可以placen.地点regionn.地区(交战,开火)Inthisregion,therewerealotofwars.战火连绵remindern.★提示（可以指人，也可以指物,remindv.提示,提醒remindsb.ofsth.Anolderphotocanremindmeofmychildhood.Youremindmeofyourmother.remindsb.todosth.failv.★无视,忘记，失败vi.①失败fail+宾语做某事失败fail(in)doingsth.在某些方面失败（in可省略）Hefailed.Hefailed(in)examination.vi.②不及格IhopeIhaven’tfailedintheFrenchtest.vt.③使……不及格TheteachersaidhewouldfailmeifIdon’tworkharder.vt.④未能……，不能……，忘记……（后接不定式）failtodosth.没有能够做某事，忘记做……Hefailedtoswimacrosstheriver.Hefailedtofinishhisworkintime.Don’tfailtopasttheletterforme.notfailtodosth.一定能够某事Icannotfailtopassit.Youcannotfailtodriveit.你一定能够驾驶IfyouarrivedinBeijing,youcannotfailtofindtheNewOrientalSchool.【Text】72.Ifyouparkyourcarinthewrongplace,atrafficpolicemanwillsoonfindit.Youwillbeveryluckyifheletsyougowithoutaticket.However,thisdoesnotalwayshappen.Trafficpolicearesometimesverypolite.DuringaholidayinSweden,Ifoundthisnoteonmycar:\'sir,wewelcomeyoutoourcity.Thisisa"NoParking"area.Youwillenjoyyourstayhereifyoupayattentiontoourstreetsigns.Thisnoteisonlyareminder.\'Ifyoureceivearequestlikethis,youcannotfailtoobeyit!参考译文一旦你把汽车停错了地方,交通警很快就会发现.如果他没给你罚单就放你走了,算你走运.然而,情况并不都是这样,交通警有时也很客气.有一次在瑞典度假,我发现我的车上有这样一个字条:“先生,欢迎您光临我们的城市.此处是‘禁止停车’区.如果您对我们街上的标牌稍加注意,您在此会过得很愉快的.谨此提请注意.“如果你收到这样的恳求,你是不会不遵照执行的!【课文讲解】1、Ifyouparkyourcarinthewrongplace,atrafficpolicemanwillsoonfindit.英语中指每个人/任何人的不定代词通常是one，但在日常会话中，非正式的you更为常用。Onecanneverknowwhatwillhappentomorrow.一个人永远不会知道明天将会发生什么事。Ifyoumakeajourneyaroundtheworld,you’llseemanybeautyspots.如果你进行一次环球旅行的话，你就会看到许多风景胜地。inthewrongplace不合适的地方wrongadj.不合适的,rightadj.合适的Heistherightpersonwhoyouarelookingfor.Theymet(AmetB)inthewrongplaceatthewrongtime.Youmetthewrongpersoninthewrongplaceatthewrongtime.2、Youwillbeveryluckyifheletsyougowithoutaticket.let(sb.)go放开，释放，使自由，让（某人）去Themanwon’tletgo(of)myarm.那人抓住我的胳膊不放。Heisveryangrynow.Hewon’tletyougoeasily.withoutaticket=withoutgivingyouaticketIf引导的叫条件句,without后面的名词也叫条件without+n.如果没有……Withoutwater,fishcannotlive.3、However,thisdoesnotalwayshappen.however=but然而，however常常放在句首或句子中都可以，but习惯放在两个句子之间；but转折性语义比较强，however转折语义比较弱4、DuringaholidayinSweden,Ifoundthisnoteonmycar:\'sir,wewelcomeyoutoourcity.Thisisa"NoParking"area.Youwillenjoyyourstayhereifyoupayattentiontoourstreetsigns.Thisnoteisonlyareminder.\'onmycar指车的外面welcomesb.to+地点欢迎某人来某地enjoyv.享受Ihaveenjoyedmystayhere.我已经在这儿很快乐了Enjoyyourstayhere.祝你玩得开心73.onlyareminder==notaticket“NoParking”在句中作area的定语，由若干个词合成的词组型定语有：anever-to-be-forgottenday一个永远也不能忘掉的日子awell-to-dofamily一个富裕的家庭【Keystructures】条件句（Conditionalsentences）if引导的条件从句指能够发生、可能发生或可能发生过的事件。如果认为将来的事件很可能会发生，那么if从句中要用一般现在时（有时也用其他形式的现在时），主句中用will（或shall）加动词形式或其他形式的将来时。Ifheissleeping,don\'twakehimup.条件句的主句中的will表示肯定如此或几乎可以肯定会如此。如果觉得其“肯定”程度达不到使用will的程度，或者如果想表达建议等其他意思，就可以用别的情态助动词来代替will；条件句中的主句还可以用祈使语气等表示请求、建议等。Youcanposttheselettersifyouwantto.Ifit’sfinetomorrow,wecan/maygoout.Pleaseletmeknowifyoucant’tcome.ExercisesC5Ifhe______(enjoy)concerts,whydoesn\'thecomewithus?5.enjoys,whydoesn\'t跟第三人称连用,是一种建议;whynot连在一起表示建议【SpecialDifficulties】PoliceandTrafficPolicetrafficpolice交通警policen.警察n.①警察部门，警方（与the连用）Ringthepoliceifthereisaburglary.如果发生入户盗窃就给警方打电话。②警察（复数）Thepolicearequestioningaforeigntourist.警察们正在盘问一名外国游客。③如果要单指一名警察，可以用policeman或policewomanThereisatrafficpolicemanoverthere.Youcanaskhimthewaytothestation.Payattentionto,Care,Takecareof,Lookafterpayattentionto（思想上）注意payattention(tosth.)注意……notice（眼睛上的）注意care关心,在意Idon\'tcare.我不在乎。Whocares？我不在乎(谁在乎!)Idon’tcareifhebreakshisneck!他就是折断颈骨，我也不在乎！takecareof==lookafter照顾,照料Pleasetakecareof/lookafterthechildrenformewhenIamout.RemindandRememberremindv.提醒74.remindsb.ofsth.,remindsb.todosth.Iremindedhimtopostmyletter.rememberv.记起,记得Doyouremember?你想起来了吗?remembersth.Remember?记得吗?(可以单独用)remembertodosth.记得要去做……Remembertosendtheletter.rememberdoingsth.记得已经做了Irememberedsendingtheletter.remembersb.tosb.前者向后者表示问候Remembermetoyourmother.代我向你母亲问好Exercise(选择正确的词)1Youcanonlylearnifyou(lookafter)(payattention).只有当你注意的时候,你才会学到东西.payattention【Multiplechoicequestions】1Trafficpoliceare___a___.a.occasionallyverypoliteb.neververypolitec.alwaysverypolited.seldomverypoliteseldom=hardly很少(否定意思)，相当于“not”occasionally=sometimes偶尔hardly几乎不(否定意思)I\'hardlywentthere.6‘NoParking’means___a___.a.don\'tleaveyourcarhereb.withoutparkingc.don\'tstopd.there\'snoroomtoparkhereparkv.停放(侧重放)stopv.让运动中的东西停下来leavev.离开,留下来,丢在某地(一定要加宾语和地点)leavesth.hereIleftkeysathome.Ileftmywalletinthetaxi.7Thisnoteisonlyareminder.It\'s___d___.a.nothingb.noonec.nothingextrad.nothingmorenothing是不定代词，不定代词的修饰词,要放在不定代词的后面anythingimportant重要的事情Itisnothing.他什么都不是.extra做定语时，一定要放在被修饰词前面，如oneextrathousand；而more可以放在被修饰词前面或后面，如twomore.../...morenothingextra:×；nothingmore:√9Youwillenjoyyourstay.Itwill___d___you.a.amusb.enjoyc.laughatd.please75.enjoy的典型用法是“主语从宾语身上得到享受”laughat(sb.)嘲笑某人([\uf020\uf06c\uf042\uf03a\uf066\uf045\uf074\uf020])amuse(sb.)让某人笑出来please(sb.)让某人高兴;取悦可以直接加人的动词：shock，surprise，amuse，please，worry，其共同特征是和人的感觉相连beworriedabout为……担心Iamworriedaboutmyhouse.Myhouseworriesme.我的房子让我担心.Lesson17Alwaysyoung【Newwordsandexpressions】（5）appearv.登场，扮演stagen.舞台brightadj.鲜艳的stockingn.（女用）长筒袜(棉的,绒的,并不是现在的丝袜)sockn.短袜appearv.★登场,扮演vi.①出现，显露（反义词是disappear）Theplaneappeared.Theplanedisappeared.vi.②当众露面；登场（演出等）Theactorappeared.Ican’tappearinthisdressattheparty.appearas扮演……角色Heappearedasaprince.(princen.王子)appearonthestageas…(扮演的确切表达)Myauntappearedonthestageasayounggirl.vi.③似乎，看起来好象（与seem同义），显得(系动词，后面直接加形容词)Heappearsnervous.他显得很紧张(看起来)Sheappearstoknowyou.Nowitappearsyouarewrong.stagen.★舞台onthestage在舞台上inthestage在某一阶段(时期)brightadj.★鲜艳的brightred鲜红色；brightyellow明黄色；brightblue宝蓝色【Text】76.MyauntJenniferisanactress.Shemustbeatleastthirty-fiveyearsold.Inspiteofthis,sheoftenappearsonthestageasayounggirl.Jenniferwillhavetotakepartinanewplaysoon.Thistime,shewillbeagirlofseventeen.Intheplay,shemustappearinabrightreddressandlongblackstockings.Lastyearinanotherplay,shehadtowearshortsocksandabright,orange-coloureddress.Ifanyoneeverasksherhowoldsheis,shealwaysanswers,\'Darling,itmustbeterribletobegrownup!\'参考译文我的姑姑詹妮弗是位演员,她至少也有35岁了.尽管如此,她却常在舞台上扮演小姑娘.詹妮弗很快又要参加一个新剧的演出.这一次,她将扮演一个17岁的少女.演出时她必须穿一条鲜红色的裙子和黑色的长筒袜.去年在演另一个剧时,她不得不穿短袜和一件鲜艳的橘红色的衣服.一旦有人问起她有多大年纪,她总是回答:“亲爱的,长成大人真可怕啊!”【课文讲解】1、MyauntJenniferisanactress.以-ess结尾的是女性；以-or、-er结尾的是男性actor男演员；actress女演员:waiter男服务员；waitress女服务员prince王子；princess公主lion公狮子；lioness母狮子doctor男医生；womandoctor女医生god神；goddess女神(God上帝,注意“G”大写)2、Shemustbeatleastthirty-fiveyearsold.年龄的两种表示方法：①数字+yearsold，作表语thirty-fiveyearsold三十五岁②数字+-year-old，作定语myfour-year-olddaughtermust+动词原形不得不,必须；(对现在的)推测Shemustbeamodel.Sheisfifteenyearsold.她五岁了Shemustbefifteenyearsold.她很可能五岁Shemustbeatmostfifteenyearsold.她最多十五岁Shemustbeatleastfifteenyearsold.她至少十五岁atleast至少,最少Ifyoucan’tcleanthecar,youcanatleasthelpmetocleanit.atmost最多3、Inspiteofthis,sheoftenappearsonthestageasayounggirl.inspiteof不管，尽管(“of”为介词,后面一定会加名词、代词或从句)inspiteofthis尽管如此Inspiteofthis,Istilllikeschool.（school前不加“the”表示上学，加“the”只表示学校）Inspiteofwhatyouhavesaidabouther,sheismuchbetterthanMary.4、Jenniferwillhavetotakepartinanewplaysoon.77.join参加了某一种团体joinsb./sth.jointhearmy参军jointheparty入党joinus(口语)加入我们(这个团体)中来takepartin参加某一种活动takepartintherace参加比赛takepartinaplaytakepartinthepartyattend出席attendthemeeting参加会议,出席会议attendtheparty出席宴会attendtheclass上课Thankyouforyourattending.谢谢大家的出席(到来)Thankyouforyourlistening.谢谢大家的听讲5、Thistime,shewillbeagirlofseventeen.两种年龄的表达：Sheiseighteenyearsold.Sheisagirlofeighteen.6、Intheplay,shemustappearinabrightreddressandlongblackstockings.in(+颜色、衣服)穿着……样的衣服，用介词短语取代动词，避免了一句话中出现两个动词Theboyingreen.inabrightreddress鲜红色的连衣裙bright,orange-coloureddress鲜艳的桔黄色衣服7、Ifanyoneeverasksherhowoldsheis,shealwaysanswers,\'Darling,itmustbeterribletobegrownup!\'ever=atanytime任何时候(时间副词)itmustbe一定……(表示推测)grown-upadj.成年人begrown-up作为一个成年人growup(人)成长当有人问你年龄时，你可以这样回答：Itisasecret./Itisprivacy.Iforgetit.【Keystructures】情态助动词mustMust译为“必须”，可以表示“必要，命令或强制，邀请，决心，不可推卸的责任”等多处含义。它没有时态和人称变化，通常只用于现在时和将来时。在其他时态时，must的有些含义可以用haveto或havegotto。这三种形式一般可以互换，但用于第一人称时，haveto(havegotto)强调客观的要求或外在的原因，must则强调主观的要求或表示说话的人认为自己有权做某事。haveto和havegotto往往可以互换，但与always，sometimes等频度副词连用时，用haveto往往比用78.havtgotto好。havegotto比haveto更口语化。在过去时的句子中,要用haveto来表示“必须”，haveto可以有任意时态Shewillhaveto…；Shehadto…；Shehas/Ihavehadto…haveto作为实义动词,否定式为don\'thaveto；willnothaveto；didn\'thaveto在表达“难道你不能不（做……）”时，一般用“Mustyou…?”，而不用“Doyouhaveto…?”Mustyouleavenow?难道你非得现在就走吗？I’mafraidso.Ihavetostudyforanexam.must可以表示推测，mustdo表示对现在的推测；musthavedone表示对过去的推测Hemustbemad.在Ithink…/hethinks…的从句中，一定要用事实说话.(不能说成“Ithinkhemustbeafool.”)mustbe的否定式为can’tbe（不可能）：Someone’susingthephone,itmustbeJohn.Itcan’tbeJohn.Hepromisedmehewouldn’tuseittoday.【SpecialDifficulties】As的用法①作为介词，可以表示“作为”、“以……身份”等Inthisfilm,heappearedasapoliceman.Asamechanic,hecan’talwayskeephimselfclean.②作为连词，可以表示“因为”、“正当……时候”、“以……方式”或“如同……那样”等YoumusttakecareofthebadytomorrowasIamgoingtoLondon.（因为，由于）Asweweretalkingabouthim,heknockedatthedoor.（正当……时候）Doasyouaretold.叫你怎么做就怎么做(按你被告知的那样去做)（以……方式）AsIlearned,…（如同……那样）“③担任……工作”Iworkasanengineer.Dress,Suit,Costumedressn.裙子，晚礼服，连衣裙(女式)suitn.套装（男式）Mybrotherneverwearsready-madesuits.我的弟弟从来不穿成衣。costumen.演出服,民族服装,某一年代所穿的服装Alltheactorsworefifteenth-centurycostumes.所有演员都穿着15世纪的服装。GrowandGrowupgrowvi.生长，成长，发育Treesofthekinddon’tgrowinourcountry.Howtallyou’vegot!You’vegrownalot.growup长成，成熟（其被动态表示长大成人）LucyhasgrownupalotsinceIlastsawher.自从我上次见到她之后，露西已成熟了许多。Whatdoyouwanttodowhenyou’regrownup?Somepeoplenevergrowup.有些人总是成熟不起来。Exercises79.3Shehireda(suit)(costume)forthefancy-dressparty.costumefancy-dress-party化妆舞会；hirev.雇，租【Multiplechoicequestions】1ThestoryaboutJennifersuggeststhat___d___.a.sheisnottoooldtoappearonstageasayounggirlb.sheistooyoungtoappearonstageasayounggirlc.sheistherightagetoappearonstageasayounggirld.sheistoooldtoappearonstageasayounggirlsuggestv.暗示rightage适合的年龄too…to…太……以至于不能2Oneofthesestatementsistrue.Whichone?ba.WeknowexactlyhowoldJenniferis.b.WedonotknowexactlyhowoldJenniferis.c.Jenniferisthirty-fiveyearsold.d.Jenniferisoverthirty-fiveyearsold.shemustbe…表示对现在的推测exactlyadv.确切地exactwords确切的话What’shisexactwords?3Shemustbeatleastthirty-fiveyearsold.Inmyopinionshe____b__.a.hasb.isc.cand.mustinone\'sopinion=sb.think就某人看来（后面一定是事实）inone\'sopinion常常取代sb.think,Ithink太强调个人观点7Shehadtowearshortsocks.Itwas___b___forhertowearthem.a.certainb.necessaryc.importantd.impossibleitis+adj.+(forsb.)todo…某人做某件事情……（it为形式主语，forsb.为逻辑主语）ItistroublesometolearnEnglish.Itiseasytodosth.ItistroublesomeforustolearnEnglish.havetodosth.=sth.isnecessary…Youhavetogohome.=Itisnecessaryforyoutogohome.8Sheoftenappearsasayounggirl.She___a___onthestageasayounggirl.a.ispresentedb.pointsc.showd.seemsappearv.扮演,本意为“出现,显示”；seemsv.看起来,似乎showv.显示,给……看beonshow展览,演出bepresented出席√(过去的习惯用法)bepresent出席（反义词为beabsent缺席)11Menusuallywear___a___.80.a.socksinsteadofstockingsb.stockingsinsteadofsocksc.eithersocksorstockingsd.neithersocksnorstockingsinsteadof代替（其后面的词往往是没做或不做的事情）either…or…或者……或者……neither…nor…即不……也不……sock短袜；stocking长筒袜(女用)12Sheisgrownup.Sheis____d__.a.veryoldb.anadolescentc.ateenaged.anadultgrown[\uf05e\uf072\uf045\uf075\uf06e]adj.长大的，成年的，长满某物的grownupadj.成年的,成熟的；n.成年人growup成长adolescent[]adj.\uf037\uf035青春期的(13-16岁)，青春的；n.青少年adolescentcriminal青春期犯罪teenager[]n.\uf035\uf037十几岁的人(10-20岁)男女青少年adult[]n.\uf035\uf035成年人Lesson18Heoftendoesthis!【Newwordsandexpressions】（3）pubn.小酒店landlordn.店主billn.帐单【Text】AfterIhadhadlunchatavillagepub,Ilookedformybag.Ihadleftitonachairbesidethedoorandnowitwasn\'tthere!AsIwaslookingforit,thelandlordcamein.\'Didyouhaveagoodmeal?"heasked.\'Yes,thankyou,\'Ianswered,\'butIcan\'tpaythebill.Ihaven\'tgotmybag.\'Thelandlordsmiledandimmediatelywentout.Inafewminuteshereturnedwithmybagandgaveitbacktome.\'I\'mverysorry,\'hesaid.\'Mydoghadtakeninintothegarden.Heoftendoesthis!\'参考译文我在一家乡村小酒店吃过午饭后,就找我的提包.我曾把它放在门边的椅子上,可这会儿不见了!当我正在寻找时,酒店老板走了进来.“您吃得好吗?”他问.“很好,谢谢.“我回答,“但我付不了帐,我的提包没有了.“酒店老板笑了笑,马上走了出去.一会儿工夫他拿着我的提包回来了,把它还给了我.“实在抱歉,“他说,“我的狗把它弄到花园里去了,他常干这种事!”【课文讲解】81.1、AfterIhadhadlunchatavillagepub,Ilookedformybag.Pub是publichouse（酒店，酒店）的缩写Let’sgotothepubforadrink.2、Ihadleftitonachairbesidethedoorandnowitwasn\'tthere!leave除了“离去，离开，出发”的意思，还可以表示“把（人、物）留下，遗留，丢下”等。Haveyouleftanythinginthecar?3、\'I\'mverysorry,\'hesaid.\'Mydoghadtakeninintothegarden.Heoftendoesthis!\'he指店主的狗，英语国家人士常用人称代词he或she指自己喂养的宠物。【Keystructures】have的用法1、have作为助动词构成各种完成时和完成进行时2、have还可以作完全动词，当作“具有、拥有”讲时，它和havegot通常可以互换。have做“有,患病”概念时,可作为实义动词,也可作为非实义动词。在英国英语中的疑问句和否定句中have（具有）的用法与be相同，即可以不用助动词do或did；在美国英语中，常用do助动词和have一起构成疑问句和否定句。Idon’thaveapen/aheadache.Ihaven’tapen/aheadache.三种情况have可以用havegot取代Ihaveapen.Ihavegotapen.“有”Ihaveaheadache.Ihavegotaheadache.“得病”haveto==havegottohave作“具有，拥有”讲时是状态动词，不能用于进行时态或被动语态，通常用于一般现在时。在其它时态中，一般用have而不用havegot。Youcanhavetheseapplesifyouwantthem.I’vegotalotmore.如果你想要这些苹果你可以把它们拿走。我还有许多。Hemustbeveryfondofanimalstohavefivedogs.他一定非常喜欢动物，才会养五条狗。3、have作完全动词时，还可以表示eat，drink，enjoy，take等意思，这时它是行为动词，可以用于包括进行时的各种时态。当have用于表示这些含义时，它必须与助动词do等连用以构成疑问句或否定句。havedinner，haveacigarette，havecoffee，haveaholiday，haveagoodtime，haveaswim，havearestExercisesC在下面哪几句话中可用havegot来代替have?1Hehadadrinkbeforedinner....⑴不换...2Mrs.Sullivanhasalotofmoney....⑵换...有钱3Hehadtoleaveearly....⑶换...4Wehavehadalongconversation....⑷不换...进行5Mymotherhasaheadache....⑸换...患病6Theyhadagoodtimeattheparty....⑹不换...haveagood/longtime:过的愉快(固定短语)7Thissockhasaholeinit....⑺换...8Shehastobepatientwithhim....⑻换...hasto82.patient[]n.\uf035病人,患者adj.忍耐的,耐心的9Ihaveabatheveryday....⑼不换...haveaswim,haveabath10Thisroomhasfourwindows....⑽换...11Hehasafarm....⑾换...12WehadaletterfromJillyesterday....⑿不换...havealetterfrom==receivealetterfrom收到【SpecialDifficulties】give的几个固定搭配give常用含义是“给予，交给”Ilenthimsomebookslastmonthandhehasgiventhembacktomethismorning.gaveaway赠送Hegaveawayallhisbookstothelibrary.givein上交，呈交；屈服，让步，投降Giveinyourexaminationpapersafteryou’vefinished.Youcandowhatyoulike.Iwillnevergivein.giveupdoingsth.放弃，抛弃Hegaveupdrinkingafewyearsago.giveup交出，让出Jackhasgivenupthewatchhestolelastweek.Threeofourofficersgavethemselvesuptotheenemy.我方的三名军官向敌人投降了。BesideandBesidesbesidepron.在……旁边，在……附近Comeandsitbesideus.besidesadv.而且，并且，此外；pron.除……之外（还）Shehassomuchelsetodobesides.此外，她还有许多其他事要做。I’mquitebusytoday.Besides,I’vegotabadcold.Therewerealotofpeopleatthepartybesidesus.Lesson19Soldout【Newwordsandexpressions】（6）hurryv.匆忙ticketoffice售票处pityn.令人遗憾的事exclaimv.大声说returnv.退回sadlyadv.悲哀地，丧气地hurryv.★匆忙vi.①赶紧，赶快，匆忙Whenhesawthatitwasalreadyeighto’clock,hehurriedtotheoffice.n.②急忙，匆忙，仓促Inhishurry,hedroppedsomecoinsonthefloor.83.inahurry匆忙Ifyouarenotinahurry.如果你不急(时间、动作上的紧急)Ifyouarenotbusy.如果你不忙(行为上的匆忙)innohurry不匆忙Iaminnohurry.我不急hurryup快点hurryto匆匆忙忙地去Hegoestoschool.=Hehurriestoschool.comein进来hurryin匆匆忙忙地进来goout出去hurryout匆匆忙忙地出去pityn.★令人遗憾的事Whatapity!真遗憾!Itisapitytobegrownup.(it做形式主语)Itisapitytostealabicycle.Iamsorry.我感到很遗憾.Iamsorrytohearthat.听到这个消息我很遗憾注意sorry与pity词性上的区别exclaimv.★大声说vt.&vi.①（由于痛苦、愤怒、惊异、欣喜等）叫喊，惊叫Whenshesawthegift,sheexclaimedindelight.vi.②（表示抗议等）大声叫喊Sheexclaimedagainsttherudenessoftheyoungman.shout=cry=callout大声喊returnv.★退回vi.①回，返回TimhasjustreturnedfromAustralia.returnto回来returntoChina/Beijing回到中国/北京vt.②把……送回，归还，退回Hereturnedthebookstothelibrary.returntoyou退回你returnmoney＝payback=repay还钱sadlyadv.★悲哀地,丧气地涵盖了所有悲哀【Text】\'Theplaymaybeginatanymoment,\'Isaid.\'Itmayhavebegunalready,\'Susananswered.84.Ihurriedtotheticketoffice.\'MayIhavetwoticketsplease?\'Iasked.\'I\'msorry,we\'vesoldout,\'thegirlsaid.\'Whatapity!\'Susanexclaimed.Justthen,amanhurriedtotheticketoffice.\'CanIreturnthesetwotickets?\'heasked.\'Certainly,\'thegirlsaid.Iwentbacktotheticketofficeatonce.\'CouldIhavethosetwoticketsplease?\'Iasked.\'Certainly,\'thegirlsaid,\'butthey\'refornextWednesday\'sperformance.Doyoustillwantthem?\'\'Imightaswellhavethem,\'Isaidsadly.参考译文“剧马上就要开演了,“我说.“也许已经开演了呢,“苏珊回答说.我匆匆赶到售票处,问:“我可以买两张票吗?”“对不起,票已售完.“那位姑娘说.“真可惜!”苏珊大声说.正在这时,一个男子匆匆奔向售票处.“我可以退掉这两张票吗?”他问.“当然可以,“那姑娘说.我马上又回到售票处.“我可以买那两张票吗?”我问.“当然可以,不过这两张票是下星期三的,您是否还要呢?”“我还是买下的好,“我垂头丧气地说.【课文讲解】1、\'Theplaymaybeginatanymoment,\'Isaid.atanymoment在任何时候,随时Theguestsmayarriveatanymoment.Itmay/mightrain(at)anymoment.atthemoment＝nowatthatmoment＝justthen就在那时Iwillhelpyouatanytime.我随时都会帮你must，can\'t，may+动词原形,表示对现在、未来的推测Shemustbeamodel.（must一定,很可能）Shemaybeamodel.（may有可能）Shecan\'tbeamodel.（can\'t不可能）may，must，can\'t+havedone，表示对过去的推测Shemust/may/can\'thavebeenamodel.Imust/may/can’thavewatchedTV.2、Ihurriedtotheticketoffice.\'MayIhavetwoticketsplease?\'Iasked.Can(May)I...?我……可以吗?(表示“……可以吗?”，第一人称可以和can或may相连)MayIhaveaticket?（英文中的问句,常常起礼貌作用）85.MayIhaveyourname?（比“What’syourname?”更有礼貌些）CouldI...?我现在可以...吗?（在问句中更委婉的说法,比canI更礼貌些，但在时间上与can没区别）Canyou...?你可以...吗?（第二人称不能用may来表示“……可以吗?”，只能用can）have是最活跃的词,可以指任何的意思.havecoffee喝咖啡haveticket买票(习惯用法)I\'llhave/takesth.我买……(一般不用“buy”，用“have”习惯用法)3、\'I\'msorry,we\'vesoldout,\'thegirlsaid.sellout（店主）售完（某种货物），（货）被售完Theyhavesoldoutofeggs.Ticketsfortonight’sperformancearesoldout.4、\'Certainly,\'thegirlsaid,\'butthey\'refornextWednesday\'sperformance.Doyoustillwantthem?\'fornextWednesday\'sperformance，用名词所有格来取代时间，“……时间的”用介词for,起修饰作用ticketfor+事情……的票ticketto+地点去……的票MayIhaveatickettoTianjing?MayIhaveaticketforthesportsmeeting?stilladv.还，可以和任意时态连用still,yet都和完成时态连用(原先认为)wantthem[\uf077\uf043\uf06e\uf057\uf065\uf06d]注意连读5、\'Imightaswellhavethem,\'Isaidsadly.may/mightaswell+动词原形还是……好(无可奈何)，不妨……Imightaswelltaketheumbrellawithme.It’snotveryfar,sowemay/mightaswellgoonfoot.hadbetter+动词原形最好……(积极心态)【Keystructures】CanandMay1、can和may都可以表示请求，can可以用could，may可以用might代替，语气更委婉，更有礼貌，但时间上没有区别CanIuseyourphoneplease?/CouldIuseyourphoneplease?MayIuseyourphoneplease?/MightIuseyourphoneplease?含有情态动词的普通回答：肯定：Ofcourseyoucan/may.否定：No,youcan’t/maynot.2、may和might还可以表示推测，“可能……”。may可以用might代替，语气更委婉，更有礼貌，但时间上没有区别may/might+动词原形：表示对现在或未来事情的推测Hemaycometomorrow./Hemightcometomorrow.86.may/might+have动词过去分词：表示对过去事情的推测Hemayhavetelephonedlastnight,butI’mnotsure.Hemighthavetelephonedlastnight,butI’mnotsure.3、may/mightaswell+动词原形：还是……好(无可奈何)，不妨……Doyouthinkhe’llpassthatexam?He’llneverpass.Hemightaswellgiveup.【Multiplechoicequestions】2Thewriter___d___.a.wasverypleasedtogetticketsfornextWednesday\'sperformanceb.didn\'tbuyticketsfornextWednesday\'sperformancec.didn\'twantticketsfornextWednesday\'sperformanced.wasn\'ttoopleasedtogetticketsfornextWednesday\'sperformancebepleasedtodo对做什么事感到很开心文中用了“mightaswell”betoopleasedto太高兴too…to…太怎么样以至于没做toooldtolearn太老而不能学nottoo…to…太怎么样以至于还是做了nottoooldtolearn不是太老还可以学3Theplaymaybeginatanymoment.It___c___.a.hasbegunb.won\'tbeginforalongtimec.hasn\'tbegunyetd.beganalongtimeagomay+动词原形；对现在或未来动作的推测hasbegun已经完成，说明已经做了；won’tbeginforalongtime好久都不会开始；beganalongtimeago过去做了Lesson20Onemaninaboat【Newwordsandexpressions】（5）catchv.抓到fishermann.钓鱼人，渔民bootn.靴子wasten.浪费realizev.意识到catchv.★抓到vt.①捉住，逮住，捕获Thepolicehavecaughtthethief.Haveyoucaughtanyfishtoday?vt.②抓住，握住Canyoucatchtheball?vt.③及时赶到，赶上catchabus赶车87.Iwanttocatchtheeightnineteen(train)toLondon.catch④的一些固定用法catchacold染上感冒catchone\'sbreath摒住呼吸catchsightof=see看见catchfire着火catchone\'seyes吸引某人注意力bootn.★靴子apairofboots一双靴子wasten.★浪费n.①浪费awasteof…浪费……Itisawasteoftime/money/food/water.vt.②浪费Youarewastingtime.realizev.★意识到v.①认识，知道，明白，意识到Iwentintothewrongroomwithoutrealizingit.我无意中走错了房间。IrealizedthatIwaswrong.v.②实现（希望、目标、愿望等）realizeone\'sdream实现某人的梦想Shehasrealizedherhopetobeanactress.③使变为事实，使发生（常用于被动语态）Thisplancanneverberealized.【Text】Fishingismyfavouritesport.Ioftenfishforhourswithoutcatchinganything.Butthisdoesnotworryme.Somefishermenareunlucky.Insteadofcatchingfish,theycatcholdbootsandrubbish.Iamevenlesslucky.Inevercatchanything--notevenoldboots.Afterhavingspentwholemorningsontheriver,Ialwaysgohomewithanemptybag.\'Youmustgiveupfishing!\'myfriendssay.\'It\'sawasteoftime.\'Buttheydon\'trealizeoneimportantthing.I\'mnotreallyinterestedinfishing.Iamonlyinterestedinsittinginaboatanddoingnothingatall!参考译文钓鱼是我特别喜爱的一项运动.我经常一钓数小时却一无所获,但我从不为此烦恼.有些垂钓者就是不走运,他们往往鱼钓不到,却钓上来些旧靴子和垃圾.我的运气甚至还不及他们.我什么东西也未钓到过--就连旧靴子也没有.我总是在河上呆上整整一上午,然后空着袋子回家.“你可别再钓鱼了!”我的朋友们说,“这是浪费时间.“然而他们没有认识到重要的一点,我并不是真的对钓鱼有兴趣,我感兴趣的只是独坐孤舟,无所事事!【课文讲解】1、Fishingismyfavouritesport.88.fishing是一个动名词，由动词+ing组成，动名词可以作主语或宾语，如eating，reading等等fish★n.①鱼（不可数名词），鱼的种类（可数）Therearealotoffishes(表示种类)inthesea.v.②钓鱼,捕鱼2、Ioftenfishforhourswithoutcatchinganything.for+时间表示一段时间forhours=forsomehours数小时withoutcatchinganything作为状语而出现,表示结果状语。without是介词，后面一定要加宾语,动名词catching作without的宾语，without后面的动作是主语来做的。动名词也有动词的特性，可以有自己的宾语。without通常表示“缺乏、没有”；当它位于动名词前时，表示“不曾、不”Ican’trepairthecarwithoutyourhelp.Theytriedtoleavetherestaurantwithoutpaying.Hewentoutwithoutsayinganywords.3、Butthisdoesnotworryme.worry★v.①烦恼，担扰worrysb.某人为……烦恼，担扰（作动词一定要加人作宾语,翻译时从后往前翻，宾语担心）Thehouseworriedme./Mydaughterworriedme.adj.①担心beworriedabout……为……担心Iwasneverworriedaboutthis.=Thisdoesnotworryme.4、Insteadofcatchingfish,theycatcholdbootsandrubbish.insteadof…我原准备做……但是后来做了……（insteadof后面的词一定是没有做的,可以放在主句后面）Iwenttoschoolinsteadofstayingathome.我没呆在家里而是去上学了Iboughtbooksinsteadofbuyingdresses.without强调没有做某件事,insteadof强调这件事没做成而做成了另外一件事副词instead“作为替代，反而”，单独使用时一般出现在句尾Ifyoudon’twantaholidayinEngland,whydon’tyougotoAustraliainstead?5、Iamevenlesslucky.less是little的比较级，意为“不及，不如，更少”IspendlesstimeonEnglishthanonFrench.less+原形Aisless…thanBA不如B6、Afterhavingspentwholemorningsontheriver,Ialwaysgohomewithanemptybag.spend+时间+在某地在某地度过……时间after+从句在……之后after+名词/动词的ing形式……之后（从句主语必须是主句的主语时两种形式可互换）89.AfterIgotoschool,Ilearnedalotofknowledge.(用一般式表示一个事实,不用“wentto”)Aftergoingtoschool,Ilearnedalotofknowledge.介词after的宾语的动名词havingspent所表示的动作发生在谓语动词go之前，所以动名词用完成形式。withanemptybag[]\uf035注意连读withsth.有……的，持有……的，随身带着……(状语)Who’sthemanwiththebeard?withoutsth.没带……Ialwaysgohomewithoutangthing.什么都没带回家7、\'Youmustgiveupfishing!\'myfriendssay.giveupdoingsth.=stopdoingsth.放弃做某事Giveupsmoking.8、I\'mnotreallyinterestedinfishing.beinterstedinsth./doingsth.对……感兴趣I’minterestedincollectingstamps.【Keystructures】动名词动词+ing作名词时称为动名词，它仍有动词的属性，可以接宾语，动名词可以代替名词做主语和宾语或介词宾语。1、动名词作主语Watchingtelevisionismyfavouritepastime.看电视是我最喜爱的业余爱好.2、动名词作宾语Iamverykeenoncycling.我非常喜欢骑自行车.Heiscapableofdoinganything.他能胜任任何事情.3、利用介词/副词+动名词可以把两个句子连成一个句子apologizefor(not)doingsth.为什么事情而道歉Imustapologize.Iinterruptedyou.我得表示道歉.我打断了你的说话(工作).Imustapologizeforinterruptingyou.由于打断了你的说话(工作),我得表示道歉.（forinterrupting强调interrupt这个动词）Imustapologizeforhavinginterruptedyou.（forhavinginterrupted强调interrupt这个动词先发生，强调时间(havingdone)）以上两者为时间概念不同，意思相同congratulate(sb.)ondoingsth.因……祝贺（某人）Hecongratulatedme.Iwonthecompetition.他向我道贺.我赢得了这次比赛.Hecongratulatedmeonwinningthecompetition.在我赢得这次比赛之际,他向我祝贺.Hecongratulatedmeonhavingwonthecompetition.thankyouforlistening/attending动名词用表示完成时的having+过去分词结构往往强调动名词的动词发生在前面。4、跟动名词的短语bekeenondoingsth.（热忠于……）,befondof,beinterestedin,enjoydoingsth.（喜欢做某事），congratulationsondoingsth.（祝贺……）beafraidof90.beupto=becapableof(capable[]adj.\uf035有能力的,能干的,有可能的,可以...的)可以带动名词的介词有：before，after，without，insteadof等Ican’twatchTVwithoutfallingasleep.我看电视时必定会睡着。5、动名词的否定式是在它前面直接加not。ExercisesC(用括号中的词来连接下列句子,如需要可对原句进行必要的改动)2.Sheboughtapairofboots.(insteadof)Shedidnotgetapairofshoes.Sheboughtapairofbootsinsteadofgettingapairofshoes.＝Sheboughtapairofbootsinsteadofapairofshoes.4.(After)Sheheardthenews.Shefainted.after+从句；afterprep.+doingAfterhearingthenews,shefainted.（faint[\uf066\uf065\uf069\uf06e\uf074]vi.昏晕,昏倒）6.(On)Isawtheplanecomingtowardsme.Idashedforcoveron(prep.)+doing一……就……（两个动作必须是同一个人）Onseeingtheplanecomingtowardsme,Idashedforcover.冲进掩护体assoonas一……就……themoment+从句一……就……以上两个主语不一定是同一个人【SpecialDifficulties】InterestedandInteresting.ExcitedandExciting.大多数现在分词和许多过去分词都可以作形容词用。以-ed结尾的形容词常与人称主语连用，表示人的情绪、状态、喜好等；以-ing结尾的形容词则常与非人称主语连用，表明事物的某种特征、性质等。Fishingisnotinteresting.Iamnotreallyinterestedinfishing.钓鱼没意思.我对钓鱼并不真正感兴趣.Thematchwasveryexciting.Thecrowdgotveryexcited.比赛非常激动人心.观众非常激动.beinterestedinsth./doingsth.对……感兴趣I’minterestedincollectingstamps.It\'sandItsit’s=itisIt\'s(=itis)coldtoday.It\'srainingtoo.今天天气冷.而且正在下雨.its它的Thisenginehaslostitspower.这台发动机已失去了动力.RealizeandUnderstandrealizevt.意识到……Hedidn\'trealizethathehadmadeamistake.他没有意识到他犯了一个错误.understandvt.明白……Idon\'tunderstandEnglish.我不懂英语.Exercises(选择正确的词填空)3.Therewassome(excited)(exciting)newsontheradio.91.excitingnewsexcitedadj.感动的；excitingadj.令人激动的如果–ed,-ing做形容词即作定语时，和被修饰词有关ontheradio在广播上Igotnewsontheradio/onTV/onthetelephone/ontheline(在线，在电话里).4.Heisnotan(interesting)(interested)person.aninterestingpersoninterestedadj.感兴趣的；interestingadj.有趣的5.Heisanexplorer.Heleadsan(excited)(exciting)life.anexcitinglifeexplorer[]n.\uf035探险家,探测者,探测器leadalife过着……日子leadahappylifeHeleadsapoorlife.【Multiplechoicequestions】2Thewriterenjoys___c___.a.catchingfishb.fishingc.doingnothingd.swimmingintheriverenjoyingdoingsthIenjoyreadingbooks.enjoy+n.Ienjoybooks.6Hisbagisempty.Hehas___b___.a.aemptybagb.anemptybagc.emptybagd.oneemptybagan指一个,强调名词；one一个,强调one,强调数量Isentaletter.（强调信）Iwroteoneword.（强调一个字）Hisbagisempty.强调包是空的，而不是强调一个空包。7Iamonlyinterestedindoingnothing.That\'s___c___I\'minterestedin.a.onlyb.theonec.alld.theonly(that\'s/the)only一般加名词that+从句,从句往往以特殊疑问词引导that\'swhy…；that\'swhen…that\'sall那就是一切(That’sallsaid.)That\'sall(Iheard).That\'sallIcanremember.theone指东西,不指事情11Healwaysgoes___d___withanemptybag.a.tohomeb.tohousec.tothehoused.homegohome习惯用法,最佳答案gotothehouse语法正确92.没有规则与语法相提并论时，语法为大；语法与习惯用法相提并论时，习惯用法为大。Whereareyougoing?(更习惯这么说)Whereareyougoingto?Lesson21Madornot?【Newwordsandexpressions】（4）madadj.发疯reasonn.原因sumn.量determinedadj.坚定的，下决心的madadj.★发疯sb.ismad“为……而疯狂（着迷）”的表示方法：bemadabout…I\'mmadaboutEnglish.becrazyabout…goinsane（insane[]adj.\uf035患精神病的，精神病患者的，极愚蠢的）Islowlygoinsane/gocrazy/gomad/gobananas.gobananas（go+adj.变得……)Theyaregoingbananas.=gocrazy=gomad(变疯了)reasonn.★原因forthisreason由于这个理由、原因Forthisreason,Iwaslate.as+句子由于……because+句子由于……sum[\uf073\uf051\uf06d]n.★量asumof+不可数名词一笔……alargesumof大笔的……(large指数量的大)alargesumofmoney一大笔钱agreatmany+可数名词复数agreatnumberof+可数名词复数plentyof…足够多的……determinedadj.★坚定的,下决心的bedeterminedtodosth.下定决心做某事makeupone\'smind下定决心decidetodosth.决定做……makeadecisiontodosth.决定做……determine[]v.\uf035下定决心93.【Text】Aeroplanesareslowlydrivingmemad.Ilivenearanairportandpassingplanescanbeheardnightandday.Theairportwasbuiltyearsago,butforsomereasonitcouldnotbeusedthen.Lastyear,however,itcameintouse.Overahundredpeoplemusthavebeendrivenawayfromtheirhomesbythenoise.Iamoneofthefewpeopleleft.SometimesIthinkthishousewillbeknockeddownbyapassingplane.Ihavebeenofferedalargesumofmoneytogoaway,butIamdeterminedtostayhere.EverybodysaysImustbemadandtheyareprobablyright.参考译文飞机正在逐渐把我逼疯.我住在一个机场附近,过往飞机日夜不绝于耳.机场是许多年前建的,但由于某种原因当时未能启用.然而去年机场开始使用了.有100多人肯定是被噪音逼得已经弃家远去,我是少数留下来的人中的一个.有时我觉得这房子就要被一架飞过的飞机撞倒.他们曾向我提供一大笔钱让我搬走,但我决定留在这儿.大家都说我肯定是疯了,也许他们说的是对的.【课文讲解】1、Madornot?=madornotmad?ornot在疑问词的后面，表示“是还不是”，选择概念2、Aeroplanesareslowlydrivingmemad.drivesb.mad逼某人发疯Youaredrivingmemad.Theteacherisslowlydrivingmemad.3、Ilivenearanairportandpassingplanescanbeheardnightandday.nightandday[\uf06e\uf061\uf049\uf074\uf041\uf06e\uf064\uf065\uf069]日日夜夜，夜以继日(注意连读)passingplanes过往飞机（passing是现在分词，作定语，起形容词作用，修饰planes，“经过的(路过)，过往的”）Heforgotthemanwithpassingtime.随着时间的消逝，他忘掉了那个人。sleepingbaby正在睡觉的小孩waitingcar正在等待的车4、Theairportwasbuiltyearsago,butforsomereasonitcouldnotbeusedthen.years前面不加确定的数词时，一般表示“许多年”yearsago=manyyearsago，weeks等的用法与它相似Ihavenotseenhimforweeks.some+不可数名词/可数名词复数一些……some+可数名词单数某一……forsomereason由于某个理由I’lltellyousomeday.We’lltalkaboutitsomeothertime.我们改日再谈这件事。5、Lastyear,however,itcameintouse.however然而（用于句首,句中,用逗号隔开）use[\uf06a\uf075\uf03a\uf073]n.①使用94.comeintouse启用，开始被使用（主动概念，没有被动式）Whendidthetraincomeintouse?Theroadcameintouselastmonth.[\uf06a\uf075\uf03a\uf07a]vt.②使用beused被使用（被动）6、Overahundredpeoplemusthavebeendrivenawayfromtheirhomesbythenoise.overahundred…一百多……musthavebeendone过去发生,表示推测，被动awayfrom从某地离开（away离开某地）outofsomewhere从某地出来7、Iamoneofthefewpeopleleft.oneof………之一(表示特指的一群人/一些东西中的一个，后面的名词用复数)OneofthegirlsstandingoverthereisTim’ssister.Youcantakeoneofthesebags.left表示被留下来的，leave过去分词,left作定语放在被修饰词的后面left剩下的……东西，相当于“Whoareleft(bytheothers)其他人走了留下他们”Ihaveabagleft.Thereistencentsleftinmypocket.（cent[\uf073\uf065\uf06e\uf074]n.(货币单位)分,分币）8、SometimesIthinkthishousewillbeknockeddownbyapassingplane.Ihavebeenofferedalargesumofmoneytogoaway,butIamdeterminedtostayhere.knockdown撞倒offer[]v.\uf035提供（相当于given）双宾语的被动语态中，主语有两种可能;以sb.做主语或以sth.做主语givesb.sth.——>被动sb.begivensth.givesth.tosb.——>被动sth.begiventosb.双宾语在变被动时用离动词最近的宾语做主语原文句型结构sb.beofferedsth.【Keystructures】被动语态被动语态可以和大部分情态动词连用（包括具有情态功能的will和would）。Hemayhavebeentoldthenews.Theshopsmusthavebeenclosednow.动词+宾语+不定式结构中既可以动词用被动语态，也可以在不定式中用被动语态：Marywastoldtomeetus.=TheytoldMarymeetus.在句型“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”中，这两个宾语都可以成为被动句的主语。但由于间接宾语通常是人，所以间接宾语成为被动句主语的时候要多些：Samwasgivenagoldwatch.=AgoldwatchwasgiventoSam.【SpecialDifficulties】Drive的用法v.①开车,驾驶(drove,driven,driving)95.driveto…开车去往某地IdrovetoTianjingyesterdayvt.②赶，驱赶，围赶（猎物、敌人等）drivesb.awayfrom把某人赶走drivesb.outof把某人赶出去Duringthewar,manypeopleweredrivenoutoftheirhomes.drivesb.back撵回去Ourarmydrovetheenemyback.vt.③逼迫，迫使drivesb.mad逼疯Thedeathofallherchildrenhasdrivenhermad.HomeandHousehomen.&adv.家，家庭，家园（着重指所居住的人，常有爱、温暖、舒适、安全等隐含意义，带有感情色彩）Ihaveasweethome.housen.房子，房屋，住宅（指建筑物）Tommustbesomewhereinthehouse.汤姆肯定在这屋子里的某个地方。【Multiplechoicequestions】4Itcouldn\'tbeusedthen.Itwasn\'t___d___touseit.a.ableb.allowedc.impossibled.possibleit+be动词+形容词+todo（翻译时先译“to”后面的句子）……是……的beableto强调主语能够做某事,主语必须是人it+be动词+表语,beallowed不能充当表语.如将“it”改为“people(人)”就A,B都正确5Overahundredpeoplemusthavebeendrivenaway.___a___theywere.a.Ithinkb.I\'msurec.Certaind.Ofcoursemusthavebeendone：对过去的一种被动语态的推测musthavedone:对过去的一种推测I\'msure我肯定I’msuresheisteacher.Ithink我认为ofcourse当然；certainadj.当然（词性不对,句子前不应放形容词）9Ihavebeenofferedalarge___a___ofmoney.a.amountb.numberc.somed.piecealargenumberof+可数名词（不能加不可数名词）anamountof+不可数一大笔……someof/plentyof前面是不加“a/an”10Iamdeterminedtostayhere.I___d___stayhere.a.amwilltob.wanttoc.mayd.amgoingtobegoingto打算、计划wantto来自心里的一种想,喜好，喜欢……96.Lesson22Aglassenvelope【Newwordsandexpressions】（4）dreamv.做梦，梦想agen.年龄channeln.海峡throwv.扔，抛dreamv.★做梦,梦想vt.①做梦，梦见dreamthat+从句Idreamt/dreamed(that)IwasinScotland.vi.②做梦，梦见（与of，about连用）dreamon继续做梦,痴心妄想(做你的梦去吧!别痴心妄想了!)dreamof/aboutsth.梦想Ioftendreamof/aboutyou.dreamofdoingsth.梦想Idreamedofflyinginthesky.Idreamedoffindingthegold./Idreamofbeingagoodteacher.thinkof想，考虑，想起Doyoueverthinkofthegirlsyoumetataparty?你会想起你在一个晚会上遇到的姑娘们吗？n.③梦；梦想，幻想haveadream=dreamadream做了一个梦Haveagood/sweatdream!祝你做个好梦!HaveyouheardoftheAmericanDream?dreamboat梦中情人,梦寐以求的(物,人)Doyouhavedreamboat?你有梦中情人吗?daydream思想开小差，做白日梦Sheisdaydreaming.agen.★年龄teengagern.十几岁的人adolenscent[]n.\uf039青春期(一般指成年以前由13至15的发育期)throw★（threw，thrown）v.扔,抛vt.①投，扔，抛Don’tthrowstonesatthedog.ThrowtheballtoTom.throwaway扔掉ShallIthrowthisoldnewspaperaway?②把……对准目标，向……作出举动Georgewasveryhappytoday.Juliehadthrownasmileathiminthemorning.97.Thebossthrewhimanangrylook.【Text】Mydaughter,Jane,neverdreamedofreceivingaletterfromagirlofherownageinHolland.Lastyear,weweretravellingacrosstheChannelandJaneputapieceofpaperwithhernameandaddressonitintoabottle.Shethrewthebottleintothesea.Sheneverthoughtofitagain,buttenmonthslater,shereceivedaletterfromagirlinHolland.Bothgirlswritetoeachotherregularlynow.However,theyhavedecidedtousethepostoffice.Letterswillcostalittlemore,buttheywillcertainlytravelfaster.参考译文我的女儿简从未想过会接到荷兰一位同龄姑娘的来信.去年,当我们横渡英吉利海峡时,简把写有她姓名和住址的一张纸条装进了一只瓶子,又将瓶子扔进了大海.此后她就再没去想那只瓶子.但10个月以后,她收到了荷兰一位姑娘的来信.现在这两位姑娘定期通信了.然而她们还是决定利用邮局.这样会稍微多花点钱,但肯定是快得多了.【课文讲解】1、Mydaughter,Jane,neverdreamedofreceivingaletterfromagirlofherownageinHolland.同位语Mydaughter，Janedreamofdoingsth.梦想，幻想………ofone\'sownage同年龄的……Heisboyofmyownage.receive…from…从……收到……2、Lastyear,weweretravellingacrosstheChannelandJaneputapieceofpaperwithhernameandaddressonitintoabottle.theChannel=theEnglishChannel英吉利海峡with可放在句子后面做状语用，也可放在名词后面做定语。这里的“withhernameandaddressonit”用来修饰名词“apieceofpaper”。Ihaveabagwithbooksinit.(“init”不能省略)3、Bothgirlswritetoeachotherregularlynow.writetosb.给某人写信write(aletter)tomeeachother相互，彼此，往往强调两者之间的相互([]\uf035注意连读)有时这个短语也可用来指许多人之间“互相”Wemustallhelpeachother.oneanother强调三或三者以上的相互，有时可替代eachother4、Letterswillcostalittlemore,buttheywillcertainlytravelfaster.cost意为“（使）花费，价钱为……”,其主语通常为某物或某件事情Itcostsalottobuyahouse.sth.cost(sb.)……花了某人……（钱）Thedresscostmetwentypounds.more即可做形容词,又可做代词，文中的“more”为代词=moremoneygivememore再给我一点98.alittle稍微，可以修饰比较级；much修饰比较级，译为“多得多”It\'salittlehotter.It\'smuchhotter.Thatismoreexpensive.（贵一些）Thatisalittlemoreexpensive.（稍微有点贵）Thatismuchmoreexpensive.（贵得多）buttheywillcertainlytravelfaster.=buttheywillcertainlytravelmuchfaster.【Keystructures】跟of,from,in和on的动词动词+介词的固定短语通常可分开使用，可以有自己的宾语，并且大部分都可用于被动结构：1、后接of的动词：accuseof（控告）；approveof（赞成）；assureof（让……放心）；bewareof（谨防）；boastof/about（夸耀）,complainof/about（埋怨）；consistof（由……组成）；convinceof/about（使信服）；cureof（治愈）；despairof（丧失……希望）；dreamof/about（幻想）；expectof/from（期望）；hearof/from（听到……消息）；be/getridof（摆脱）；smellof（闻到）；suspectof（对……猜疑）；thinkof/about（思考）；tiredof（对……感到厌烦）；warnof/against（警告……有危险）Someonemustwarmhimofthedifficulties.必须有人提醒他有这些困难。Hehasalreadybeenwarnedofthem.他已经被警告过了。Don’texpecttoomuchofyourchild.HemusthavespokenofthemattertoJohn.Ihaveneverheardoftheactress.2、后接from的动词：borrowfrom（从……借）；defendfrom/against（保护……使免于）；demandfrom/of（向……要求）；differfrom（有别于）；dismissfrom（解雇）；drawfrom（从……中得出）；emergefrom（从……出现）；escapefrom（从……逃出）；excusefrom/for（允许不……）；hinderfrom（阻止）；preventfrom（妨碍）；prohibitfrom（不准许）；protectfrom/against（向……提抗议）；receivefrom（接到）；separatefrom（把……分开）；suffefrom（受难）Hehasalreadyreceivedmoneyfromthreeaunts.他已经收到三个姑妈的钱了HeborrowedthreebooksfromMary.Healwaysaskedforhelpfromparents.3、后接in的动词：believein（信仰）；delightin（喜欢）；employ(ed)in（从事）；encouragein（鼓励）；engage(d)in（正做）；experience(d)in（在……有经验）；failin（没有尽到）；helpin/with（帮助）；includein（包括）；indulgein（沉醉）；instructin（教导）；interest(ed)in（对……感兴趣）；investin（投资）；involvedin（卷入）；persistin（坚持）；sharein（分享）Shedelightsinworkinghard.她喜欢努力工作。HefailedinhisFrenchtest.他法语考试没有通过。Jackhelpedmeindrivingthesheephome.杰克帮我把羊赶回家。Mrs.Turnerisexperiencedinteaching.特纳夫人很有教学经验。4、后接on的动词：acton（遵守）；basedon（在……基础上）；callon（拜访）；commenton（评论）；concentrateon（集中于）；congratulateon（祝贺）；consulton/about（商量）；counton（依赖）；decideon（决定）；dependon（依靠）；economizeon（节约）；embarkon（从事）；experimenton（尝试）；insiston（坚持）；leanon/against（倚靠于……）；liveon（靠……为生）；operateon（起作用）；performon/in（扮演）；pride(oneself)on（为……感到自豪）；relyon（依靠）；voteonamotion/forsomeone（对……表决(投……的票)）；,writeon/about（写……的事）；.Ithinkhewroteonthecostofliving.我想他写的是关于生活费用方面的。99.Hefinallydecidedongoinghome.他最后决定回家。Youcan’tliveonfruitonly.你不能只吃水果。LastSunday,wecalledonMr.Dupont.【Multiplechoicequestions】3Janeneverdreamed___d___aletter.a.toreceiveb.toreceivingc.ofreceived.thatshewouldreceivedreamofdoingsth./dreamthat+从句8WeweretravellingacrosstheChannel.Wewentona___c___acrosstheChannel.a.sailb.travelc.tripd.rungoonatrip进行旅行9Janewrotehernameandaddressona___d___ofpaper.a.lumpb.barc.tubed.sheetalumpofpaper一团纸abarof一条,一块atubeofpaper一桶(管)纸apieceofpaper/asheetofpaper一张纸10Bothgirlsoftenwritetoeachothernow.Theywrite___a___.a.frequentlyb.occasionallyc.sometimesd.nowandagainoften=frequentlyoccasionally(偶尔)=sometimes(有时)=nowandagain(时而,不时)7Thegirlswrite___a___regularlynow.a.tooneanotherb.theonetotheotherc.eachtootherd.tootheroneanother(三者)=eachother(两者)互相，彼此，一般可互换Theyloveeachother.Lesson23Anewhouse【Newwordsandexpressions】（4）completev.完成modernadj.新式的，与以往不同的strangeadj.奇怪的districtn.地区completev.★完成(喜欢与建筑工程连用)vt.①完成，结束completethebuildingWorkonthenewschoolwillbecompletednextyear.adj.②完整的，全部的《鲁迅全集》中的“全集”就用“complete”Doyouknowthecompletestory?100.Thisisacompletefamily.adj.③十足的，彻底的，绝对的Thereiscompletesilenceintheroom.Thatwasacompletesurprise.finishv.完成finish/completehomeworkfinish/completedoingsth.某事做完了Ifinishreadingabook.modernadj.★新式的,与以往不同的，现代的modernhistory/art现代史/现代艺术modernization[]n.\uf037\uf035现代化strangeadj.★奇怪的(表示因为对一个东西不熟悉而觉得奇怪,陌生的)adj.①外地的，异乡的Livinginastrangelandisnotalwaysapleasantthing.adj.②陌生的，生疏的Thatmorning,hesawastrangefaceintheclassroom.bestrangetosth.对……不习惯,对……陌生Thiscityisquitestrangetome.strangern.陌生人(注意[]\uf035应读成[])\uf035adj.③不平常的，奇特的，奇怪的，古怪的Thehouselooksstrangetosomepeople.Astrangethinghappenedthisafternoon.districtn.★地区，行政划分的区域,城市内的districtn.地区，行政区，地域，地带，通常隶属于某个整体或具有某些地理特征HaidianDistrict北京的海淀区TheLakeDistrictofNorthernEnglandisverybeautiful.英国北部的湖区非常美丽。arean.地段region[]n.\uf035地带，区域，地方，(世界上某个特定的)地区,(艺术,科学等的)领域,(大气,海水等的)层【Text】Ihadaletterfrommysisteryesterday.ShelivesinNigeria.Inherletter,shesaidthatshewouldcometoEnglandnextyear.Ifshecomes,shewillgetasurprise.Wearenowlivinginabeautifulnewhouseinthecountry.Workonithadbegunbeforemysisterleft.Thehousewascompletedfivemonthsago.Inmyletter,Itoldherthatshecouldstaywithus.Thehousehasmanylargeroomsandthereisalovelygarden.Itisaverymodernhouse,soitlooksstrangetosomepeople.Itmustbetheonlymodernhouseinthedistrict.参考译文昨天我收到了姐姐的一封信,她住在尼日利亚.在信中她说她明年将到英国来.如果她来了,她会感到非常惊奇了.我们现在住在乡间的一栋漂亮的新住宅里.这栋房子在我姐姐离开之前就已动工了,是在5个月以前竣工的.我在信中告诉她,她可以和我们住在一起.这栋房子里有许多房间,还有一个漂亮的花园.它是一栋非常现代化的住宅,因此在有些人看来很古怪.它肯定是这个地区唯一的一栋现代化住宅.101.【课文讲解】1、Ifshecomes,shewillgetasurprise.getasurprise感到惊奇（这里surprise是可数名词，指“令人惊奇的事，意想不到的事”）It’sasurprisetomethattheycan’tselltheirflat.surprise也可以作不可数名词，表示“惊讶”Shelookedatthemaninsurprise.toone\'ssurprise=Igetashock.吃了一惊2、Wearenowlivinginabeautifulnewhouseinthecountry.abeautifulnewhouse离一个名词最近的词跟该词的关系最密切,冠词肯定是放在最前面的spareoldcloth不穿的旧衣服abigredflag大红旗(flag[\uf066\uf06c\uf041\uf05e]n.旗,标记；v.标记)3、Workonithadbegunbeforemysisterleft.work（工作，作业）是抽象的不可数名词，“……的工作”后面必须用介词on4、Inmyletter,Itoldherthatshecouldstaywithus.staywith跟……暂住在一起（stayvi.暂住，逗留）Hestayedwithhisunclelastweek.【SpecialDifficulties】ThereisandItis在说明或询问人或物等的存在时可用therebe结构。这种结构可以用一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时及现在完成时等时态。在用there表示过存在后，就必须用it或人称代词作进一步说明：There’sabuscoming,butit’sfull.There’samanatthedoor.It’sthepostman.it作为“虚主语”表示时间、距离、天气等概念时，不能用therebe结构It’sfifteenmilestothestation.Exercise(用it或there填空)3______weresomemendigginguptheroadoutsidemyhouse.there:There+be+sb.+doing+地点:某地有某人正在做某事(典型句型)diggingup:挖出,找出4Lookatthoseclouds.Ithink______willbeathunderstorm.there:在表示天气的时候,后面如果是动词或形容词,用it,如果是名词,用therebe.Itisraining(动词)/Itiscold(形容词).Therebe+名词:Thereisarain.那儿有一场雨thunderstorm[]n.\uf035雷暴,大雷雨9Afterdinner______willbealongdiscussiononpolitics.thereonpolitics关于政治(politics[]n.\uf035政治,政治学,政纲,政见)10Whenwill______beconvenientforyoutocome?itWhenwillitbeconvenientforyou?什么时候对你来说最方便?102.Lesson24Itcouldbeworse【Newwordsandexpressions】（7）managern.经理upsetadj.不安sympatheticadj.表示同情的complainv.抱怨wickedadj.很坏的，邪恶的containv.包含，内装honestyn.诚实managern.★经理(用能力,办事的)bossn.老板（有钱）headn.头儿，领导（表示重要，系亲密的人物）upsetadj.★不安(事发后)nervousadj.紧张，不安(事发前)complainv.★抱怨vi.①抱怨，发牢骚，诉苦（常与of，about连用）complainof/about…(tosb.)对某人/向某人抱怨……Don’tcomplainabout/oftheweather.Icompianedofmysalarytomyboss.vi.②控告，抗议（与of，about连用）Thepeopleinthatdistrictcomplainedtothepoliceaboutthenoisefromthatfactory.那家工厂噪音太大，当地的人们已向警方投诉。MarycomplainedtotheJacksonsabouttherubbishtheyhadthrowneverywhere.杰克逊一家乱扔垃圾，玛丽已向他们提出抗议。wickedadj.★很坏的,邪恶的adj.①邪恶的，坏的（道德上的坏，可用“evil”替代）Shesawawichedsmileonhisface.adj.②淘气的，顽皮的（尤指小孩）Don’tbesowicked,Tom.adj.③（天气）恶劣的Fewpeoplewalkedaboutinthiswickedweather.containv.★包含,内装(强调用容器装)containern.集装箱，容量containv.用容器装Thecupcontainswater.=Thecupisfullofwater.Thebagcontainsbooks.includev.包含honestyn.★诚实103.honestadj.诚实的honestlyadv.诚实地Ihonestlydon’tknow.我真的不知道。【Text】Ienteredthehotelmanager\'sofficeandsatdown.Ihadjustlost$50andIfeltveryupset.\'Ileftthemoneyinmyroom,\'Isaid,\'andit\'snottherenow.\'Themanagerwassympathetic,buthecoulddonothing.\'Everyone\'slosingmoneythesedays,\'hesaid.Hestartedtocomplainaboutthiswickedworldbutwasinterruptedbyaknockatthedoor.Agirlcameinandputanenvelopeonhisdesk.Itcontained$50.\'Ifoundthisoutsidethisgentleman\'sroom,\'shesaid.\'Well,\'Isaidtothemanager,\'thereisstillsomehonestyinthisworld!\'参考译文我走进饭店经理的办公室,坐了下来.我刚刚丢了50英镑,感到非常烦恼.“我把钱放在房间里,“我说,“可现在没有了.“经理深表同情,但却无能为力.“现在大家都在丢钱,“他说.他开始抱怨起这个邪恶的世道来,却被一阵敲门声打断了.一个姑娘走了进来,把一个信封放在了他桌上.它里面装着50英镑.“这是我在这位先生的房门外捡到的,“她说.“是啊,“我对那位经理说,“这世界上还是有诚实可言的!”【课文讲解】1、Ienteredthehotelmanager\'sofficeandsatdown.thehotelmanger’soffice名词可以修饰名词telephonenumber电话号码thevillagefair乡村集市(thefairofthevillage=thefairinthevillage)2、Ihadjustlost$50andIfeltveryupset.losevt.遗失，丢失（宾语一般为钱物）Don’tloseyourkey.feel+形容词一般指心情“觉得……，感觉到……”feelupset心烦意乱，很苦恼3、Themanagerwassympathetic,buthecoulddonothing.coulddonothing=coulddonothingaboutit对此事无能为力Icoulddonothingtohelpyou.我没有办法帮你,我无能为力Canyouhelpme?Sorry,Icoulddonothingforyou./Certainly.Ofcouse.It’smypleasure.4、\'Everyone\'slosingmoneythesedays,\'hesaid.days可以指“时期，时代”，如inhisboyhooddays（在他的童年时代）。thesedays指“现今”用进行时态取代一般现在时,在英文是一种修辞方法,表示不满,一种感情。5、Hestartedtocomplainaboutthiswickedworldbutwasinterruptedbyaknockatthedoor.starttodosth.=startdoingsth.开始做某事，两者无区别aknockatthedoor(敲门声)knockatthedoor(敲门,指动作)104.6、Agirlcameinandputanenvelopeonthedesk.=Agirlcameinwithanenvelopeandputitonthedesk.【Multiplechoicequestions】4Hecoulddonothing.Hecouldn\'tdo___c___.a.somethingb.nothingc.anythingd.everythingIcandonothingforyou.nothing=notanything；notany=no6Wheredidshefindthemoney?___a___theroom.a.Outsideb.Outofc.Outd.Withoutoutsideadv&prep.在外面Heisoutside./Heisoutsidetheschool.outof从……到外面去,一定要和有实在意义的动词连用get/go/comeoutofoutadv.在……外面,副词不会加名词10Helosthismoney.Hismoneywas___b___.a.losingb.missingc.goingawayd.disappearinglosev.丢失sb.losesth.人丢失东西（宾语一般为钱物）missv.怀念,错过,丢失missingadj.丢失的Mykeysarelost/missing.Ilosemybook/Mybookwaslost/ismissing/bemissed.Mychildismissing.（人丢了只能用missing，不能用belost）missingboy失踪的孩子goaway离开(人走)sb.goawaybegone不见了《Gonewithwind》《飘》(随风而逝),Mybookisgone.我的书不见了disappearvi.不见了(瞬间动词),没有被动语态,也很少用进行时态Hismoneydisppeared.表示东西不见了的几种表示：losesth./sth.belost；sth.ismissing；sth.isgone.；sth./sb.disappear/disappearedLesson25DotheEnglishspeakEnglish?【Newwordsandexpressions】（5）railwayn.铁路portern.搬运工severalquantifier几个foreignern.外国人105.wonderv.感到奇怪railwayn.★铁路railroad铁路（美）railway/railroadstation火车站severalquantifier★几个several＝anumberof…一些，只能修饰可数severaltimes许多次（不能说sometimes）some一些,即可以修饰可数,又可以修饰不可数agreatnumberof…大量的sometime一段时间sometimeage一段时间以前sometimeadv.某时Iwilldefeatyousometime.(总有一天我将打败你)sometimesadv.有时,偶尔wonderv.★感到奇怪n.①奇迹，奇观，奇才；惊奇，惊讶Janeisawonder.Sheneverfailsinherexaminations.thesevenwondersoftheworldinancienttimes世界古代七大奇观vi.&vt.②感到惊讶，感到诧异，对……事情感奇怪Theywonderedthattherewasamodernbuildingindistrict.wonderatsth.Iwonderatthebeautyoftheoldtown.vt.&vi.③（对……）感到疑惑/怀疑，想要知道wonder+if+从句是否……Iwonderifyouhaveanysparetime.wonder+特殊疑问词+从句Iwonderwhattimeitis.Iwonderwhyyouarelate.Iwonderedwhereyouweregoing.Couldyoutellmehowtogetto?/Iwonderedhowtogetthere.问路nowonder难怪wonderfuladj.极好的【Text】IarrivedinLondonatlast.Therailwaystationwasbig,blackanddark.Ididnotknowthewaytomyhotel,soIaskedaporter.InotonlyspokeEnglishverycarefully,butveryclearlyaswell.Theporter,however,couldnotunderstandme.Irepeatedmyquestionseveraltimesandatlastheunderstood.Heansweredme,buthespokeneitherslowlynorclearly.\'Iamaforeigner,\'Isaid.Thenhespokeslowly,butIcouldnotunderstandhim.MyteacherneverspokeEnglishlikethat!TheporterandIlookedateachotherandsmiled.ThenhesaidsomethingandIunderstoodit.\'You\'llsoonlearnEnglish!\'hesaid.Iwonder.InEngland,eachpersonspeaksadifferentlanguage.TheEnglishunderstandeachother,butIdon\'tunderstandthem!DotheyspeakEnglish?参考译文106.我终于到了伦敦.火车站很大,又黑又暗.我不知道去饭店的路该怎么走,于是向一个搬运工打听.我的英语讲得不但非常认真,而且咬字也非常清楚.然而搬运工却不明白我的话.我把问话重复了很多遍.他终于听懂了.他回答了,但他讲得既不慢也不清楚.“我是个外国人,“我说.于是他说得慢了,可我还是听不懂.我的老师从来不那样讲英语!我和搬运工相视一笑.接着,他说了点什么,这回我听懂了.“您会很快学会英语的!”他说.我感到奇怪.在英国,人们各自说着一种不同的语言.英国人之间相互听得懂,可我却不懂他们的话!他们说的是英语吗?【课文讲解】1、DotheEnglishspeakEnglish?English这里均为名词，第一个指“英国人”，前面要加the，表示一个群体，后面的动词必须用复数；第二个指“英语”，指语言时前面不加冠词。TheEnglishoftentalkabouttheweather.English还可以作形容词，表示“英格兰的，英国的，英国人的”等。与English相似的单词有French，Chinese，Japanese等。2、IarrivedinLondonatlast.arrivevi.到达arriveat小地点；arrivein大地点Whenwillyouarrive?reachvt.到达……（后面一定要加宾语）Whenwillyoureach(arrivein)BeiJing?getto+宾语到达……WhenwillyougettoBeiJing?HowcanIgetthere?home/there都是副词，副词跟动词连用的时候不需要加介词，arrive也一样；但一般不用“reachhome/there”，如一定要这样写则把“home”看作名词，“there”当代词看,不作副词看gethome到家；getthere到那3、Therailwaystationwasbig,blackanddark.并列的表达方式中前面都是用逗号隔开,最后两个用and连接balck颜色(建筑物)Theroomisblack.dark没有光线Itisdark.4、Ididnotknowthewaytomyhotel,soIaskedaporter.thewayto…通往……路Canyoutellmethewayto…Idon\'tknowthewayto….Canyoutellmehowtogetthere?Idon\'tknowthewaytotheschoolandwhereisit?Iknowtheway.knowsth.well对……很熟悉Iknowtheboywell.5、InotonlyspokeEnglishverycarefully,butveryclearlyaswell.notonly...but...aswell=notonly…butalso…不但……而且……107.IcanspeaknotonlyChinesebutEnglishaswell.Marynotonlyfoundheraunt,butstayedwithherfortwoweeksaswell.NotonlyyoubutalsoIwillgothere.主语并列(一般不这么用)notonly喜欢放在动词的前面，一般遇到实义动词和非实义动词的时候,习惯放在两者之间IcannotonlyspeakChinesebutEnglishaswell.(更习惯的说法)Inotonlylikemymotherbutmyfatheraswell.aswell本身的含义是“也、又、还”Ifyougohometomorrow,I’llgoaswell.Helentmehispen,andhisdictionaryaswell.6、Heansweredme,buthespokeneitherslowlynorclearly.neither…nor………既不，也不……NeitherthebossnorhissecretaryisflyingtoNewYork.7、MyteacherneverspokeEnglishlikethat!like这里是介词，表示“像，像……一样”There’snoonelikeyou.没有人像你一样。Hespeakslikeaforeigner.TolearnEnglishwellistostudyhard.但在口语中:TolearnEnglishwellisstudyhard.(没to)【LetterWriting】写信人的地址位于信纸的右上角，被称为“信头”，地址后面总是接写日期St.是Steet的缩略逗号在地址里表示前者属于后者Iaminclass1,Grade1.在日期里,月和日之间不需要逗号，且月和日的顺序可互换，但在年代之前要有逗号，日期是以序数词出现的，月份一定要是英语字母Februarythefourth,1998=thefourthofFebruary,1998HaidianDistrict,(海淀区)BeiJing,China.(最后一个地点要打上句号)【Keystructures】并列句中的语序通过并列连词可以把几个简单句连接起来构成一个并列句。在并列句中，各分句要根据上下文的要求按逻辑次序排列，但各分句都同等重要并独立存在。并列连词可以用来表示另加（and）、对比（but，yet）、选择（or）、连续（and，then）以及结局或结果（so）。however用在句号的后面,单独成句,于前边的句子只有意思上的承接,没有语法上的承接,语法上的承接表转折只能用but一些并列句的连词：and，andthen，but，so，yet，or，notonly…but…aswell不但……而且……，neither…nor…既不……也不……，either…or…或者……或者……，both…and…两者都yetadv.然而108.放在句末或句中,与否定句,疑问句相连,并且与现在完成时用得比较多Haveyoufinishedyet?yet=but连词，放在两个句子间,起转折作用oradv.或者,否则Hurryup,youwillbelate./Hurryup,oryouwillbelate.当主语由and或both…and连接,通常采用复数谓语动词.Boththegirlandtheboyarehisfriends.当主语由neither...nor,either...or,notonly...butalso或or连接时，谓语动词与nor,or,butalso后面的词一致，在英语语法中，这被称之为“就近原则”，离动词最近的名词是单数,整个主语就视为单数；离动词最近的名词是复数,整个主语就视为复数NeitherhenorIamgoingtotheairport.NotonlyMarybutalsoherparentshavejgoneabroad.【Multiplechoicequestions】5Hedidn\'tspeakslowlyandhedidn\'tspeakclearly___b___.a.neitherb.eitherc.tood.nornot和neither不会连用，too用于肯定句，either用于跟否定句结尾一句话中一般不允许出现两个否定句8Irepeatedmyquestionseveraltimes.Irepeatedit___b___times.a.muchb.anumberofc.onlyafewd.threeseveral=some=anumberofmuch后面不加可数名词，没有onlyafew这个短语，quiteafew相当多的9Atlastheunderstood.Heunderstood___a___.a.intheendb.atleastc.lastlyd.atthefinishatlast=intheend最后、最终lastlyadj.最新的、最近的一段时间atleast至少【语法精粹】1.They___B____thetripuntiltherainstopped.A.continuedB.didn\'tcontinueC.hadn\'tcontinuedD.wouldcontinueuntil是前面和后面用一般过去时和过去完成时都对，但是我们在一般情况下两个都用一般过去时2.Thelocalpeasantsgavethesoldersclothesandfoodwithoutwhichthey__A___ofhungerandcold.(without在这里表示条件)A.woulddieB.willdieC.wouldbedeadD.wouldhavedied虚拟语气3.ItwasnotuntilthenthatIcametoknowthattheearth__D__aroundthesun.A.movedB.hasmovedC.willmoveD.movesItwasnotuntilthat是强调结构,首先将“Itwas…that”去掉，再将“not”移到“that”后面的句子中，分析句子时后半句改为:Ididn\'tcometoknowthattheeartharoundthesununtilthen.（untilthen是在那个时候之前）109.Hisfatherdidnotleaveuntilhereturnedhome.变成强调句形式:Itwasnotuntilhereturnedhomethathisfatherleft.Idon\'tgetupuntillunchtime.变成强调句形式:ItisnotuntillunchtimethatIgetup.4.Whenallthosepresent(到场者)__D__hebeginhislecture.A.sitB.setC.seatedD.wereseatedseatvt.做动词的时候两种情况①seatsb.；②sb.beseatedsitvi.坐sb.sitdown5.IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhavewrittentoyou.ButinfactI___not.A.haveB.wouldhaveC.hadD.hadhad虚拟语气Lesson26Thebestartcritics【Newwordsandexpressions】（13）artn.艺术criticn.评论家paintv.画pretendv.假装patternn.图案curtainn.窗帘，幕布materialn.材料appreciatev.鉴赏noticev.注意到whetherconj.是否hangv.悬挂，吊criticallyadv.批评地upsidedown上下颠倒地（两个同样的音连在一起时,前面的音声去不读）artn.★艺术artstudent艺术系的学生Iamanartstudent.（[\uf061\uf069\uf069\uf041\uf06d\uf041\uf06e\uf042\uf03a\uf074]注意连读,增加了[\uf069]的音）Englishstudent学英语的学生studentofEngland英国学生artgallery艺术画廊(gallery[]n.\uf035长廊,游廊；画廊)blackart[\uf062\uf06c\uf041\uf06b\uf042\uf03a\uf074]巫术artist[]\uf035n.艺术家artiste[]n.\uf035艺人criticn.★评论家criticisev.批评,批判(主要指批判,但不完全是责备的意思)Hecriticisedmypainting.110.criticism[]n.\uf035批评,批判criticaladj.挑剔的Youarecritical.criticallyadv.爱挑剔的paintv.★画drawapicture用线条画paintapicture强调油画paintingn.画oilpainting油画；Chinesepainting中国国画Beijingopera国戏,京剧pretendv.★假装pretendtodosth.假装……Whenhismothercamein,thebabypretendedtogotosleep.pretendthat+从句假装……patternn.★图案n.①图案patterndrillsn.②模式,典范materialn.★材料listeningmaterial听力材料appreciatev.★鉴赏＝understandandenjoyappreciatesth.感激……Iappreciateyourhelp.我很感激你的帮助appreciatedoingsth.我很喜欢做某事enjoyv.欣赏，得到享受，乐趣Ilike…Ilove…Ienjoy…Iappreciate…（程度一个比一个深）Ilikesth.Ilikesth.verymuch.Ilikesth.better.Ilikesth.best.noticev.★注意到vt.①注意到，察觉到（不用进行时）Younevernoticewhat’sgoingonaroundyou.notice细节上的注意,往往是别人没注意的东西,你注意到了,细节上的东西Inoticethebeautyspot.(美人痣)payattentionto思想上的注意111.n.②注意，察觉Thegirlinredcaughthisnotice.n.③（书面的）通知，布告，海报Iknowthere’sameeting,becausesomeoneputupanoticeoutsidetheTownHall.whetherconj.★是否if在表示“是否”的时候可以被whether所取代；if在表示“如果”的时候不可以用whether取代whether…ornot=ifIfitwillrain…(不是条件状语从句,故可以用将来时will)=Whetheritwillrain…/Whetheritwillrainornot…(可以加“not”)Iwonderedifitwillrain.(不加“not”)hangv.★悬挂,吊vt.&vi①（将……）悬挂，吊Aprettycurtainhangsoverthewindow.hang—hung—hungv.悬挂Thecoatwashung.hang—hanged—hangedv.绞死,吊死Thethiefwashanged.vt.&vi②垂下Johnwasverytired.Hesatinachairandhung(down)hishead.vt.&vi③安装……使能转动/摆动Haveyouhungthedoor?你把门装上了吗？upsidedown★上下颠倒地①上下颠倒Whenhestandsonhishead,everythingappearsupsidedowntohim.②乱七八糟，混乱不堪Mylittleboyalwaysmakestheroomupsidedown.Thesemenhavemadethewholecountryupsidedown.【Text】IamanartstudentandIpaintalotofpictures.Manypeoplepretendthattheyunderstandmodernart.Theyalwaystellyouwhatapictureis\'about\'.Ofcourse,manypicturesarenot\'about\'anything.Theyarejustprettypatterns.Weliketheminthesamewaythatwelikeprettycurtainmaterial.Ithinkthatyoungchildrenoftenappreciatemodernpicturesbetterthananyoneelse.Theynoticemore.Mysisterisonlyseven,butshealwaystellsmewhethermypicturesaregoodornot.Shecameintomyroomyesterday.\'Whatareyoudoing?\'sheasked.\'I\'mhangingthispictureonthewall,\'Ianswered.\'It\'sanewone.Doyoulikeit?\'Shelookedatitcriticallyforamoment.\'It\'sallright,\'shesaid,\'butisn\'titupsidedown?\'Ilookedatitagain.Shewasright!Itwas!参考译文我是个学艺术的学生,画了很多画.有很多人装成很懂现代艺术的样子,总是告诉你一幅画的“意思”是什么.当然,有很多画是什么“意思”也没有的.它们就是些好看的图案,我们喜爱它们就像我们喜欢112.漂亮的窗帘布一样.我觉得小孩子们往往比任何人都更能欣赏现代绘画,他们观察到的东西更多.我的妹妹只有7岁,但她总能说出我的画是好还是坏.昨天她到我房里来了.【课文讲解】1、Theyarejustprettypatterns.just在此处指“只是，仅仅（是）”Itwasjustawrongnumber.just另一个意思是“刚才，正好，正是”It’sjustsixo’clock.I’vejustheardthenews.2、Weliketheminthesamewaythatwelikeprettycurtainmaterial.prettycurtainmaterial漂亮的窗帘布inthesamewaythat=as…正如……一样Thesonwalkedinthesamewaythat/ashisfatherwalked.IloveyouinthesamewaythatIlovemyfather.IloveyoujustinthesamewaythatIlovemoney.inaway以某种方式3、Ithinkthatyoungchildrenoftenappreciatemodernpicturesbetterthananyoneelse.else跟在anyone,anything等不定代词的后面，表示“另外/加、其它/他的、不同的”，else也可跟疑问代词连用，如whoelse，whatelseIcanfindnothingelsehereexcepanolddictionary.Theycanappreciatemodernartsbest.betterthananyoneelse比其他任何人(表示最高级的含义)用比较级表示最高级：Theteacheristhetallest.Theteacheristallerthananyoneelse.(“else”不能少,把主语从“anyone”中排除)Thebookismoreexpensivethananythingelse.4、Mysisterisonlyseven,butshealwaystellsmewhethermypicturesaregoodornot.连接词whether…ornot可以表示选择：Idon’tknowwhetheryouareinterested(init)ornot.Youmusthelphim,whetheryoulikehimornot.不管你是否喜欢他，你（都）必须帮助他。5、\'I\'mhangingthispictureonthewall,\'Ianswered.thewindowsinthewall/pictureonthewall注意介词的不同6、\'It\'sallright,\'shesaid,\'butisn\'titupsidedown?\'Isn’titupsidedown?＝It’supsidedown.否定疑问句，没有否定的意思，起肯定作用，起强调作用，表达一种情绪Aren\'tyoulucky?你真幸运Isn\'titaboy?113.【Keystructures】一般现在时一般现在时可以用于表述现在的特征或状态，也经常用于表述经常性的或习惯性的动作，或带有普遍性的情况，频度副词可有可无，一般现在时还用于表示普遍性真理。和人的情绪相连,跟人的状态相连,跟人的思维活动相连的动词都不用进行时态，而用于一般现在时，这些动词是：appear，appreciate，be，believe，feel，find，forget，hear，know，like，looklike，notice，remember，resemble，see，think，understand等等【SpecialDifficulties】Speechmarks引号在书面语会话中，用引号（单引号或双引号）把实际的对话括起来。引号在英文当中第一次出现是单引号,第二次出现是双引号,英文当中的书名号用引号来替代注意事项:①引号位于一行之上,它们应在句尾其他标点符号—如逗号、句号、问号—之外.②引语的第一个词以大写字母开头.③在said,asked等词后面用逗号,只有当它们位于句尾时,才在它们的后面用句号.④当said,asked等词置于引语之间时,句子的后半部分以小写字母开始.⑤当一个新的说话人开始讲话时,要另起一个段落.【Multiplechoicequestions】4Whatisitabout?Tellme___b___.a.whatisitaboutb.whatitisaboutc.whataboutitisd.whataboutisit疑问句的直接引语变间接引语要注意：①特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词引导②时态：主句的谓语动词是过去时时,其从句的谓语动词应为相对应的时态③疑问句变成间接引语时,要变成陈述句语序④人称的变化Isitnineo\'clock?/Heaskedme.Heaskedmeif/whetheritwasnineo\'clock.Whatabout中about是介词,后接名词或动词的ing形式,不接句子Whataboutit?5Shetellsme______mypicturesaregoodornot.a.weatherb.thatc.ifd.unless没有一个答案是对的直接引语变间接引语的连接词有３种：陈述句中的that；一般疑问句中的if/whether；特殊疑问句中的特殊疑问词ornot是否,that表示肯定if不可以与ornot连用unlessconj.除外,如果不(不能用于间接引语连接)Youwillfailunlessyouworkharder.你如果不更加努力工作，你将失败.6Doyoulikemypicture?It\'s___d___.114.a.anewb.onenewc.newoned.anewoneA缺名词；B缺名词或位置错误；C缺冠词one可以作代词,还可以作数词10Youngchildrenoftenappreciatemodernpictures.They___d___them.a.estimateb.esteemc.valued.understandandenjoyestimantev.评估，评价；esteemv.尊敬；valuev.认为……有价值9Thiscurtainmaterialisverygood___b___.a.clothesb.clothc.substanced.matterclothesn.衣服（读音省略[\uf057]的音）clothn.布11Theynoticemore.They______more.a.remarkb.observec.sayd.takecare在此句中,notice=observe12It\'supsidedown.Itisn\'t___d___.a.upb.downc.therightwaydownd.therightwayupnottherightwaydown=therightwayupupsidedown与therightwayup意思相反Lesson27Awetnight【Newwordsandexpressions】（15）tentn.帐篷fieldn.田地，田野smellv.闻起来wonderfuladj.极好的campfiren.营火，篝火creepv.爬行sleepingbag睡袋comfortableadj.舒适的，安逸的soundlyadv.香甜地leapv.跳跃，跳起heavilyadv.大量地streamn.小溪formv.形成windv.蜿蜒rightadv.正好fieldn.★田地,田野inthefield在田野里inone\'sfield在……领域Heisanexpertinhisfield.115.footballfield足球场地airfield飞机场(介词用on)smell(smelled★，smelt)v.闻起来vt.①嗅，闻I’msmellingthefishtoseeifit’sallright.我正在闻这条鱼，看看它是否还新鲜。Icansmellsomethingburning.vi.②闻起来有……气味，散发……气味Yousmellofsoap.你身上有肥皂味。smell系动词,接表语,接形容词Thefoodsmeltgood.(不能说成“smellwell”,“well”是副词,身体好才用“well”)taste[\uf074\uf065\uf069\uf073\uf074]v.尝起来Thefoodsmeltgood,andittastedbetter.soundv.听起来feelv.感到①心理感到Ifeelill.②用手的感受Theblackbroadfeltcold.感官动词：look，taste，sound，smell，feelYoulookfine.Youlookbetter.Youlookbeautiful.n.③气味Ican’tstandthesmellinthisroom.wonderfuladj.★极好的Great!(与物相连，口语中用得更多)Excellent![]adj.\uf035卓越的,极好的(与人相连)Sheisanexcellentteacher.Outstanding!(人)好得站了出来Brilliant![]adj.\uf035灿烂的,闪耀的,有才气的Fantastic!campfiren.★营火,篝火fire可数也不可数(一堆堆的火为可数,炉子里的火为不可数)creep(crept★，crept)v.爬行(蹑手蹑脚的)也是平行的爬creepout蹑手蹑脚(别人不注意,偷偷摸摸的)climbv.爬climbthetree，climbupordown(上下爬)crawlv.平行地爬Thebabyiscrawlingonthefloor.sleepingbag★睡袋动词加ing变成形容词作定语有两个意思:①正在……如：sleepingdog116.passingplane正在路过的飞机②用来做……如：leepingbaglisteningmaterial听力材料；walkingstick拐杖soundlyadv.★香甜地sleepsoundly睡得很甜表示睡觉的短语：gotobed上床/gotosleep睡觉/fallasleep坠入梦乡（fall为半联系动词）/sleepwell睡得很好/sleepdeeply睡得很沉/fallfastasleep睡得好香（fastasleep熟睡）leapv.★跳跃,跳起jumpv.跳jumpupanddown原地跳跃leapv.跳跃,有距离(如从沟的这边跳到另一边,位置变化)Lookbeforeyouleap.三思而后行leapyear/month闰年/月skipv.课文行的跳过去，单词，文章Letusskipit?heavilyadv.★大量地rain/snowheavily一般与雨雪连用smokeheavily烟瘾重Hesmokesheavily.formv.★形成vi.①形成，产生Duringtheconversation,anideaformedinhismind.Iceformswhenitiscoldenough.如果冷到一定的程度，冰就会形成。n.②形状，外形Theicecreamismadeintheformofaball.n.③表格Ifyouwanttoenterforthecompetition,youmustfillintheseforms.如果你想报名参加比赛，你必须填写这些表格。wind(wound★；wound)v.蜿蜒[\uf077\uf061\uf069\uf06e\uf064]v.①蜿蜒windone\'sway蜿蜒而行Theroadwindsitsway.[\uf077\uf049\uf06e\uf064]n.②风；v.刮风rightadv.★正好right做副词时强调后边的形容词、副词、介词短语，不强调动词，可用just来替换Righthere.就在这儿“Rightherewaitingforyou”《在此等候》Ifoundmylostwatchrightinthegraden.我就在花园里找到了我丢失的手表justlike正好；justas正如后边加代词时只能用just，如：justyou就是你了，不能用“right”代替117.【Text】Lateintheafternoon,theboysputuptheirtentinthemiddleofafield.Assoonasthiswasdone,theycookedamealoveranopenfire.Theywereallhungryandthefoodsmelledgood.Afterawonderfulmeal,theytoldstoriesandsangsongsbythecampfire.Butsometimelateritbegantorain.Theboysfelttiredsotheyputoutthefireandcreptintotheirtent.Theirsleepingbagswerewarmandcomfortable,sotheyallsleptsoundly.Inthemiddleofthenight,twoboyswokeupandbeganshouting.Thetentwasfullofwater!Theyallleaptoutoftheirsleepingbagsandhurriedoutside.Itwasrainingheavilyandtheyfoundthatastreamhadformedinthefield.Thestreamwounditswayacrossthefieldandthenflowedrightundertheirtent!参考译文傍晚时分,孩子们在田野中央搭起了帐篷.这件事刚刚做完,他们就在篝火上烧起了饭.他们全都饿了,饭菜散发出阵阵香味.他们美美地吃了一顿饭后,就围在营火旁讲起了故事,唱起了歌.但过了一阵子.天下起雨来,于是他们扑灭了篝火,钻进了帐篷.睡袋既暖和又舒服,所以,他们都睡得很香.午夜前后,有两个孩子醒了,大声叫了起来.原来帐篷里到处都是水!他们全都跳出睡袋,跑到外面.雨下得很大,他们发现地上已经形成了一条小溪.那小溪弯弯曲曲穿过田野,然后正好从他们的帐篷底下流过去.【课文讲解】汉语与英文只有意义的对等,没有字的对等Myideaisthesameasyours.我的想法与你一样的Iagreewithyou.(口语)Ithinkso.(口语)1、Awetnight英文中表示“湿”的词：wet，damp，moist(湿的程度减少)wetadj.湿淋淋的（反义词是dry）Youarewet.dampadj.让人感觉不太舒服moist[\uf06d\uf043\uf069\uf073\uf074]adj.潮湿的；n.潮湿，稍湿（给人感觉舒服，如湿润）moistcake松软的蛋糕moisteyes水灵灵的眼睛dreamyeyes梦幻般的眼睛humidadj.指气候比较潮湿2、Lateintheafternoon,theboysputuptheirtentinthemiddleofafield.lateintheafternoon傍晚earlyinthemorning清早putup=setup搭建（强调搭，如搭个草棚等）build建（强调精心设计并且建造）buildacar制造汽车(一般不用“makeacar”)makeadeskinthemiddleof在……当中，在……中间（相对两边，既可以用于表示地理位置，又可以用于表示时间或在某个过程当中)118.inthemiddleoftheriver河中心Heheardsomeoneshoutinginthemiddleofthenight.Marywasinthemiddleofreadingwhenherauntarrived.inthecenterof在……中心，在……中部/中央（相对四面，一般用于表示地理位置，腹地）在陆地的腹地用“center”AliceSpringisasmalltowninthecentreofAustralia.3、Assoonasthiswasdone,theycookedamealoveranopenfire.openfire在野外生的火,篝火，盆火（指无遮盖的、没有围起来的火）cookameal做一顿饭4、Afterawonderfulmeal,theytoldstoriesandsangsongsbythecampfire.表示“在……之后”的句式：after+从句/doing/n.afterIarrived=>Aftermyarrival在我到达之后whentheplanearrived=>afterthearrivaloftheplaneAfterhisarrival,wehaveaparty.Afterthearrivaloftheflowers,Itookthemandwenttomygirlfriend\'s.在……旁边：atthedoor门边,(紧挨着的)sitatthetable桌边by在……旁边，靠近(不会紧挨着的,但也不会很远，通常指距离非常近)Comeandsitbyme.Therearemanytreesbytheriver.nexttoHesitsnexttome./whoisthenext?（表示紧邻着的）thenextdoortomyhouse（nextdoor在隔壁）beside=nextto与……相邻nextto/besidethevillagenear在附近nearthevillage5、Butsometimelateritbegantorain.sometimelater一段时间之后sometimeearlier一段时间之前sometimeago一段时间以前afewhoursearlier几小时前later表示“后来、以后、过后”Hetoldmehewouldcomeagainlater(on).Imetheragainafewdayslater.6、Theboysfelttiredsotheyputoutthefireandcreptintotheirtent.putout人为的熄灭火Iputoutthefire.beout火自动熄灭119.Thefireisout.7、Inthemiddleofthenight,twoboyswokeupandbeganshouting.inthemiddleofthenight=midnightatmidnight在午夜themid-autumnday中秋节wakeup醒来（主语自己醒）wakesb.up唤醒开始干某事：begindoing/startdoing/begintodo/starttodo8、Itwasrainingheavilyandtheyfoundthatastreamhadformedinthefield.如果强调某东西自动形成,则可以用主动态,如果强调某东西是人为的,用被动态，在这里riverformed河流是自动形成WhenI\'mgettingclosetothedoor,thedooropened.(自动门)Thedooropened.强调门自动开Thedoorwasopened.门被打开,强调人为的10、Thestreamwounditswayacrossthefieldandthenflowedrightundertheirtent!wind表示“曲折而行”时，既可以是及物动词，又可以是不及物动词woundone\'sway蜿蜒而行Thecarwoundthroughthevillage.right在此处表示强调，意为“正好、恰恰、就”，这种用法多见于口语中：Imethimrighthere.Hehitthemanrightonthenose.【Composition】Iamverytall(so)(but)Imustbecareful.Doorwaysareoftenlow(and)(but)Iusually(beat)(knock)myheadagainstthem.Myheadalways(hurts)(pains).Ihavenever(met)(recognized)atallarchitect.Haveyou?so，and，knock，hurts，metdoorwaysn.门栏knock/beat：knock大声地撞；beet持续的撞击/打againstprep.相对作用的力(在政治上叫“反对”)hurt/pain：身体的某一部位+hurts，表示某一部疼痛；pain表示疼痛的名词Myhandhurts./Ihaveapaininmyhand.Ihaveapain.meet遇见/recognize认出(原来熟悉再次认出的概念)【Letterwriting】信头各部分的顺序如下：门牌号码、街名、城市名称、地区、国家和日期。只有给居住在国外的人写信时，才需要写上国名。地址的每一行都以逗号结尾，最后一行用句号。在日期后面不用标点符号。【SpecialDifficulties】与put有关的短语动词：putupwith容忍，忍受120.Ican’tbelievethathecanputupwiththis.putup①搭建，搭建；Theyputuptheirtentinthemiddleofafield.②安排住宿，为……提供膳宿，夜宿It’srainingheavily.Wemustputthemuptonight.雨下得很大，我们今晚必须为他们安排住宿。putout扑灭Theyputoutthefireandcreptintotheirtent.puton穿上I’mputtingonmycoat.putaway把……收好，放好Yourroomisuntidy,putyourthingsaway.Ihaveputawayallmyclothes.putoff推迟，拖延Don’tputyourexercisesoffuntiltomorrow.Themeetinghasbeenputoff.putdown=writedown记下，写下，记录下Haveyouputdowntheboss’swords?【MultipleChoice】6Theysangsongsbythecampfire.Theysangsongs___b___thecampfire.a.closeb.nearc.besidesd.atbeside在……旁边；besides除……之外closeto离……很近(必须要有“to”)closetome离我很近myclosestfriends我最亲密的朋友9Theboyshadputoutthecampfire.Thefirewasn\'t___d___.a.switchedonb.onfirec.ond.alightbeon上演,亮着的(一般指灯亮着的)What\'soninthecinematoday?Thelightswereonlastnight.switchn.开关；v.用开关Thelightwasswitchedon.强调通过开关打开的onfire起火Thehouseisonfire.房子起火了alight以a开头的形容词为表语形容词Thefirewasout.火熄灭了121.Lesson28Noparking【Newwordsandexpressions】（7）rareadj.罕见的ancientadj.古代的，古老的mythn.神话故事troublen.麻烦effectn.结果，效果Medusan.美杜莎（古希腊神话中3位蛇发女怪这一）Gorgonn.（古希腊神话）3位蛇发女怪之一（凡见其貌者都会变成石头）rareadj.★罕见的adj.①罕见的rare指世界上都少有rareanimal稀有动物；rarebird珍稀鸟类；rareillness疑难杂症scarce[\uf073\uf06b\uf065\uf045\uf073]adj.缺乏的，不足的，稀有的，不充足的（少有的，表示某个时间段或某个地方少有）Watermelonisscarceinwinter.（watermelon[]n.\uf035西瓜）adj.②几乎是生的welldone全熟mediumadj.半生半熟的ancientadj.★古代的,古老的ancientEgypt[][]\uf035\uf035古埃及antiqueadj.古代的，古玩，古董，古老而有价值的antiquefurniture古董家具mythn.★神话故事fairyn.神仙故事troublen.★麻烦n.①麻烦I\'msorrytoputyouintrouble.我很抱歉给你带来麻烦(口语)askfortrouble自找麻烦Heisaskingfortrouble.havetroubleindoingsth.在做……时遇到麻烦（书面语）Ihavetrouble(in)parkingthecar.=Ihavealotoftroubleparkingthecar.v.②麻烦Woman/Man/Childtroubles.女人/男人/孩子真麻烦。Nevertroubletroublesuntiltroublestroubleyou.永远不要自寻烦恼Letsleepingdoglie.不要自找麻烦(letsb.dosth.)effectn.★结果,效果haveaneffect有效果havenoeffect没有效果122.haveeffecton对……有效果Theadvicehasnoeffectonme.【Text】JasperWhiteisoneofthoserarepeoplewhobelieveinancientmyths.Hehasjustboughtanewhouseinthecity,buteversincehemovedin,hehashadtroublewithcarsandtheirowners.Whenhereturnshomeatnight,healwaysfindsthatsomeonehasparkedacaroutsidehisgate.Becauseofthis,hehasnotbeenabletogethisowncarintohisgarageevenonce.Jasperhasputup\'NoParking\'signsoutsidehisgate,butthesehavenothadanyeffect.Nowhehasputanuglystoneheadoverthegate.ItisoneoftheugliestfacesIhaveeverseen.IaskedhimwhatitwasandhetoldmethatitwasMedusa,theGorgon.Jasperhopesthatshewillturncarsandtheirownerstostone.Butnoneofthemhasbeenturnedtostoneyet!参考译文贾斯珀.怀特是少有的相信古代神话的人之一.他刚在城里买下一所新房子,但自从搬进去后,就和汽车及车主们发生了磨擦.当他夜里回到家时,总是发现有人把车停在他家大门外.为此,他甚至一次也没能把自己的车开进车库.贾斯珀曾把几块“禁止停车”的牌子挂在大门外边,但没有任何效果.现在他把一个丑陋的石雕头像放在了大门上边,这是我见过的最丑陋的头像之一.我问他那是什么?他告诉我那是蛇发女怪美杜莎.贾斯珀希望她把汽车和车主们都变成石头.但到目前为止还没有一个变成石头呢!【课文讲解】1、JasperWhiteisoneofthoserarepeoplewhobelieveinancientmyths.oneof+名词/代词其中之一（of后面的名词必须是复数，但与这个结构连用的动词必须是单数）Oneofyourfriendsiswaitingforyounow.如果在定语从句中出现了oneof作为先行词,它后边的关系代词指代的是后面的复数名词；如果在oneof前面还有一修饰词(the)only,那么后边的关系代词将指代one这个词,才作单数看Heistheonlyoneofthoserarepeoplewhobelievesinancientmyths.oneof直接作主语的时候,它是做单数看待的Oneoftheanswersisture.Oneofthosepeopleisgood.believevt.相信，认为Doyoubelievethatcatseatgrass?believein信任，信赖（人格、力量等）；信仰；相信……的存在，相信……的价值IbelieveinGod.我信仰上帝。I’veneverbelievedinJohn.2、Hehasjustboughtanewhouseinthecity,buteversincehemovedin,hehashadtroublewithcarsandtheirowners.eversince=since从那以后一直（eversince的语气比since强，主句一般用完成时）I’vebeeninterestedinflyingeversinceIwasaboy.Heleftthevillagelastyearandhasneverreturnedeversince.havetroubledoing做……有麻烦havetroublewithsb.和某人相处有麻烦Ihavetroublewithmyroommate.123.3、Becauseofthis,hehasnotbeenabletogethisowncarintohisgarageevenonce.because只能作连词用，后面接从句Youcan’trememberhisname,becauseyouaren’treallythinking.becauseof由于，介词短语，后面不可以跟从句，只能跟名词、代词或动词“-ing”Hecamebackearlybecauseoftherain.beableto的主语一般都是人,表示有能力去做；can表示天生的或学到的能力时，只能用于现在时和过去时（could），而不可用于将来时。将来时中表示能力时必须用beableto。在现在时和过去时中，can/could与beableto一般可以互换，在完成时中一般用beableto。Tomisonly9monthsoldandheisalreadyabletostandup.I’llbeabletopassmydrivingtestafterI’vehadafewlessons.getsth.into把……弄进gethiscarintohisgaragedrivethecarinto把车子撞上……Idrovethecarintothewall/tree.evenonce甚至一次（even起强调）4、ItisoneoftheugliestfacesIhaveeverseen.“Ihaveeverseen”做定语从句,修饰前边的faces如果关系词在从句中做宾语,关系词可以省略,所以I前的which被省略ThisisthemostdifficultthingIhaveeverdone.ThisisthemostterriblenewsIhaveeverheard.有两个结构一定用最高级：of+范围ofallthestudentsin+地点Heisthetallestintheroom.5、Jasperhopesthatshewillturncarsandtheirownerstostone.hope的后面加that从句turnsth.to…把前者变成后者turntheprincetoafrogHewasturnedtoafrog.Theyhaveturnedthefamousbeautyspotto/intoanuglyplace.6、Butnoneofthemhasbeenturnedtostoneyet!noneof，neitherof做主语时做单数看待【Composition】Mywife(drives)(leads)acar.Shehas(driven)(ridden)acarformanyyears(and)(but)shesaysthatwomendrivers(donotdeserve)(arenotworth)theirbadreputation.Yet,ontheroad,sheoften(criticizes)(judges)otherwomendrivers.drives/driven/and/donotdeserve/criticizesreputation[]n.\uf037\uf035名誉,名声124.judge[\uf064\uf056\uf051\uf064\uf056]n.法官,审判员,裁判员,鉴赏家,鉴定人,(J-)最高的审判者vt.审理,鉴定,判断,判决,断定,认为vi.下判断,作评价【Keystructures】Whthashappened?现在完成时与现在完成时连用的副词和副词短语：before(now)，sofar，upto/tillnow，just，already，now，ever，never，since和for等，since一般与一个时间点连用，for一般与时间段连用。【SpecialDifficulties】关系从句及关系代词关系从句又可称为定语从句或形容词从句，它像形容词一样可以形容人、物及事件。关系从句可分为限定性关系从句（不带逗号）和非限定性关系从句（带逗号）。表示人的关系代词：who，whom，that，whose（口语中whom经常由who代替）表示事物和动物的关系代词：which，that关系代词可以有四个概念:①代人的,做主语或宾语who，只做宾语的whom②代物的,做主语或宾语which③代人的也可以代物的做主语或宾语thatwhose④其代表的东西由其在句子中的成分决定(不一定指人)关系代词后面要加从句，先行词放在定语从句前面,而且是两句话共同含有的词,还是被定语从句修饰的词Ihaveabookthat/whichhelikes.(“book”为先行词“that/which”为关系代词)关系代词有两个功能:一是承上,一是启下(如上句中的“book”作从句的宾语)Theboywhoisstandingatthedoorismybrother.IcandoanythingthatIcando.我愿意做我力所能及的事情来帮助你Theboatwhosenameis...Ihaveahousewhosewindowsarebroken.我有一个房子,房子的窗户都破了.关系代词在关系从句中作宾语时往往可以省略，作主语时则不可以。Themillionairewhosesonranawayfromhomeaweekagoisnotakinkfather.whose后面一定要加一个名词,然后这个部分共同做主语或宾语Theboywhosesisterisstandingatthedoorismybrother.妹妹站在门口的男孩是我弟弟Thepilotwhoseplanelandedinafieldwasnothurt.把飞机降落在田里的飞行员没有受伤HeistherightpersonIamlookingfor.Exersise(在需要的地方填上who,which,that或whose)1Theonlygames______Iplayarefootballandtennis.不填（如果要填只能是that,在从句中作宾语可省略）先行词如果用only,序数词,形容词最高级修饰,其后边的关系词只用that4Thisisthehotelat______wearestaying.which句中的“at”原来在“staying”的后边介词后加物的话,只加which,加人的话,用whom,都不可用that,who也不能Sheisthegirlwho/whom/thatIstayedwith.(句中“who/whom/that”可省略)125.SheisthegirlwithwhomIstayed.ThatisthehouseinwhichIlive.6Thatisthehorse______wontherace.which选which,不能用that，句子中用词避免重复,句首已有了一个“that”,故选“which”而不是“that”Whoisthemanthatishelpingyou?谁是那个正在帮助你的人?（不用“who”避免重复）7Heisthesortofperson______everyoneadmires.不填person是先行词,在从句中做宾语【Multiplechoicequestions】6.ItisoneoftheugliestfacesIhaveeverseen.I\'veneverseen___d___a.anuglyoneb.anugliestonec.theugliestoned.anuglierone比较级来表达最高级的概念：betterthananythingelse最好Theteacheristhetallestintheroom.Theteacheristallerthananyoneelseintheroom.Ihaveneverseenatallerone.Ihaveneverboughtamoreexpensiveone.ThisisthecleaneststreetIhaveeverseen.这是我所见过的最干净的街道了.7___b___ofthemhasbeenturnedtostone.a.Nooneb.Notonec.Nod.Evenoneno是形容词,后加名词noone=nobody(“nobody”指的是人,它将“cars”排除了是不对的)，不定代词后不用of可以用的有:neitherof/noneof/bothof/allofnoneof=notoneof9Heisarareperson.You___c___meetsuchpeople.a.oftenb.neverc.seldomd.sometimesrarely=seldom几乎不做rarely[]adv.\uf035很少地,罕有地seldom[]adv.\uf035很少,不常10Notallcarownersaregood___d___.a.guidesb.conductorsc.leadersd.driversnotall不是所有的（部分否定概念）Notallstudentsaregood.Notallchildrenarenaughty.12Thesignshaven\'thadanyeffect.Theyhaven\'t___a___anyone.a.affectedb.effectedc.resultedind.imposedeffectn.影响haveeffect有效果affectv.影响Lesson29Taxi!126.【Newwordsandexpressions】（10）taxin.出租汽车PilatusPorter皮勒特斯波特（飞机名）landv.着陆(不及物)ploughv.耕地lonelyadj.偏僻的,人迹罕见的(地方)Welshadj.威尔士的roofn.楼顶(从外面看)blockn.块,一座大楼flatn.公寓房desertv.废弃taxin.★出租汽车taxidriver出租车司机takeataxi，takeabus，takealiftlandvi.★着陆Whoseplanelandedinthefield?plough[\uf070\uf06c\uf061\uf075]v.★耕地ploughn.梨；v.耕,犁,犁耕,费力穿过,艰苦前进,在考试中淘汰farmn.农田，家场lonelyadj.★偏僻的,人迹罕见的(地方)lonelyadj.孤独的,孤僻的(人)Shefeltlonely.她感到孤独（主观）alone[]adj.\uf035单独的,独一无二的,孤独的,独自的；adv.独自地Sheisalone.她独自一个人（事实,客观）roofn.★楼顶（从外面看）raisetheroofv.喧闹,大声抱怨ceilingn.天花板（从里面看）hittheceiling勃然大怒,暴跳如雷,怒发冲冠（美口语）blockn.★块,一座大楼flatn.★公寓房ablockofflats公寓楼(英国英语)ablockofapartments公寓楼(美语，apartmentn.公寓)officeblock办公楼写字楼desert[\uf064\uf049\uf035\uf07a\uf05c\uf03a\uf074]v.★\uf035废弃[\uf064\uf049\uf035\uf07a\uf05c\uf03a\uf074]v.①\uf035废弃desertthehouse=lettheroomempty[\uf064\uf065\uf07a\uf045\uf074]n.②\uf035沙漠,不毛之地【Text】127.CaptainBenFawcetthasboughtanunusualtaxiandhasbegunanewservice.The\'taxi\'isasmallSwissaeroplanecalleda\'PilatusPorter\'.Thiswonderfulplanecancarrysevenpassengers.Themostsurprisingthingaboutit,however,isthatitcanlandanywhere:onsnow,water,orevenonaploughedfield.CaptainFawcett\'sfirstpassengerwasadoctorwhoflewfromBirminghamtoalonelyvillageintheWelshmountains.Sincethen,CaptainFawcetthasflownpassengerstomanyunusualplaces.Oncehelandedontheroofofablockofflatsandonanotheroccasion,helandedinadesertedcarpark.CaptainFawcetthasjustrefusedastrangerequestfromabusinessman.ThemanwantedtoflytoRockall,alonelyislandintheAtlanticOcean,butCaptainFawcettdidnottakehimbecausethetripwastoodangerous.参考译文本.弗西特机长买了一辆不同寻常的出租汽车,并开始了一项新的业务.这辆“出租汽车”是一架小型瑞士飞机,叫“皮勒特斯.波特”号.这架奇妙的飞机可以载7名乘客.然而,最令人惊奇的是它能够在任何地方降落:雪地上,水面上,甚至刚耕过的田里.弗西特机长的第一名乘客是位医生,他从伯明翰飞往威尔士山区一个偏僻的村庄.从那时开始,弗西特机长已经载送乘客到过许多不寻常的地方.一次,他把飞机降落在了一栋公寓楼的屋顶上;还有一次,降落在了一个废弃的停车场上.弗西特机长刚刚拒绝了一位商人的奇怪要求.这个人想要飞往大西洋上的一个孤岛--罗卡尔岛,弗西特机长之所以不送他去,是因为那段飞行太危险了.【课文讲解】1、The\'taxi\'isasmallSwissaeroplanecalleda\'PilatusPorter\'.calleda‘PilatusPorter’是过去分词短语,作aeroplane的定语。一般过去分词短语作定语时要放在所修饰的名词/代词之后，而一个单独的分词作定语时则往往放在所修饰的名词/代词前面。Helandedinadesertedcarpark.araceacrosstheAtlanticcallsb.sth.叫某人……becalled被称为……Theinstrumentwascalledaclavichord.过去分词做定语时是作为被动状态来翻译的Ihaveaninstrumentcalledaclavichord.aploughedfield被耕过的田；adesertedcarpark被废弃的车场writtenEnglish书面语；spokenEnglish口语colloquiallanguage口语2、Themostsurprisingthingaboutit,however,isthatitcanlandanywhere:onsnow,water,orevenonaploughedfield.that从句在此处是表语从句。宾语从句中的that可省略；定语从句中的关系词在从句中做宾语时可以省略。Themostsurprisingthingisthat…（surprising可以由其它词替换）Themostexcitingthingisthatwecanwinthefootballmatch.ThehappiestthingisthatIcanvisit/see/(staywith)motherduringtheSpringFestival.(theSpringFestival春节)Toone’ssurprise,…3、Sincethen,CaptainFawcetthasflownpassengerstomanyunusualplaces.128.sincethen从那时起（强调起点）sofar=uptonow强调终点fly★vi.①飞，飞行Theaeroplaneisflyingovertheriver.vt.②空运（乘客）flysb./sth.To…开飞机送某人/物去……HehasflownhiscartoFrance.drivesb.to…开车送某人去……MyfrienddrovemetoTianjin.4、Oncehelandedontheroofofablockofflatsandonanotheroccasion,helandedinadesertedcarpark.once…andonanotheroccasion一次……还有一次……OnceImethimonthestreetandonanotheroccasionImethiminthelibrary.5、CaptainFawcetthasjustrefusedastrangerequestfromabusinessman.requestfromsb.来自某人的请求requestforsth.要求得到6、ThemanwantedtoflytoRockall,alonelyislandintheAtlanticOcean,butCaptainFawcettdidnottakehimbecausethetripwastoodangerous.takesb.to…送某人……too在副词或形容词前表示否定含义，强调程度大到了人们不愿去做tooexpensive太贵了（买不起）very强调程度深Youareverykind.veryexpensive很贵，但买得起dangerous[]adj.\uf035危险的【Composition】Theplane(notonly)(neither)(flew)(threw)closetotheriver,(but)(or)alsoflewunderabridge.(Then)(However)it(climbed)(ran)intotheair.Thepeopleonthebridge(waved)(shook)tothepilot(and)(yet)hedidnot(notice)(lookafter)them.notonly，flew，but，Then，climbed(ran也对,但没有climb表达更确切)，waved，yet，notice【Keystructures】一般过去时和现在完成时一般过去时往往强调动作本身，而现在完成时则表示始于过去并持续到现在的动作或表示过去不确定的时间发生过的并与现在有某种联系的动作。Ihopeyouwashedthembeforeyouatethem.Uptillnow,Ihaveneverbeenabroadbefore.【SpecialDifficulties】129.RefuseandDenyrefusetodosth.拒绝做某事Iofferedtopayhimforhishelpbutherefused(payment).denydoingsth./denythat+从句否认（指控、做过某事等）Thesecretarydeniesthatshehasstolentheletter.当refuse作为及物/不及物动词表示“拒绝接受”时，不可与deny混用；当refuse作为及物动词表示“拒绝给予、拒绝要求”时，它与deny可以互相替换。Allthosenotholdingticketswillberefused/deniedentry.无票者不得入内。Bring，Take与Fetchbringv.从某处将某物“带来”，离说话人越来越近Hebroughtthebookwithhimwhenhecametoseeme.takev.拿走，离说话人越来越远Hetookthebookwithhimwhenheleft.fetchv.去某地将某物“取来”，是个双程动作，去了再来(双向动作)Pleasefetchmeaglassofwater.VeryandTooveryadv.很，非常（very描述状况，不涉及后果）IarrivedverylatebutIcaughtthetrain.tooadv.太，过于（too表示“太……”，以至于引起某种后果）IarrivedtoolateandImissedthetrain.【Multiplechoicequestions】3.The‘taxi’isasmallSwissaeroplane___c___calleda‘PilatusPorter’.a.whoisb.whomisc.whichisd.whoseis动词的-ing形式有主动含义,ed形式有被动含义，它们作定语时等同于定语从句apassingplane=aplanewhichispassing4Thisisthemostsurprisingthingaboutit.Itis___b___thananything.a.mostsurprisingb.moresurprisingc.moresurprisedd.mostsurprised本句应表达为：Itismoresurprisingthananythingelse.（else不能省略,句子才严密）5HeflewadoctortoaWelshvillage.___d___hehasflowntomanyunusualplaces.a.Fromthenb.Bythenc.Bythattimed.Sincethattimefromthen从……起(没有终点)；from…to…从……到……sincethen=fromthenon从……起(到现在为止)bythen到……止；bythattime到……止9Theploughedfieldisreadyfor___b___.a.sewingb.sowingc.seedingd.growingbereadyfor/to…为……作准备“seed”种植，只与播种子相联系,一般作名词,强调把种子种下去；而“sow”种植，只说明把...种下去,并不一定是“种子”11CaptainFawcetthasflownpassengerstomanyunusual___c___.130.a.partsb.piecesc.spotsd.sectionsspot=place(点,地点)partn.部分apieceof=asheetof一张；apieceof=abitof一块Lesson30Footballorpolo?【Newwordsandexpressions】（8）polon.水球Waylen.威尔（河名）cutv.穿过rowv.划（船）kickv.踢towardsprep.朝，向nearlyadv.几乎sightn.眼界，视域cutv.★穿过vt.&vi.①切，割，剪Wouldyoupleasecutthecakeinhalf?Ireadthisstoryinthepaperthismorningandcutitoutforyou.今天上午我在报纸上读到这个故事便给你剪下来了。cutone\'shair=haveahaircut理发cutthetree砍树cutdownthetree=cutthetreedown砍倒树cuttheheadoff砍脑袋(off=awayfrom)cutoffelectricity切断电源cutsth.intopieces把……切成小片(碎)vt.②割破，划破cutoneself割伤自己vi.③横穿，穿越（介词用across/through）cutacross/through直着穿过Theroadcutsacross/throughtheforest.cutacorner走捷径，超近路WhenyoulearnEnglish,nevercutacorner.Nopains,nogains.rowv.★划(船)vt.&vi.①划船Mybrotherisrowing.划船（row强调动作）goboating去划船（强调玩）vt.②划船载运Canyourowmeup/acrosstheriver?你能划船将我送到河的上游/对岸吗？Herowedherhome.他划船把她送回家。kickv.★踢131.kickme踢我一脚kickbackn.回扣,佣金Igetakickbackof2000Yuan.kickupstairs明升暗降Hewaskickedupstairs.welltogo(美语)=welldone(英语)做得不错sightn.★眼界,视域catchsightof…看见catchsightofthebird=seethebird看见那只鸟outofsight在视线之外Outofsight,outofmind.眼不见心不烦insight在视线之内Thebirdisinsight.longsighted眼光长远,远视眼sb.islongsightedshortsighted目光短浅,近视【Text】TheWayleisasmallriverthatcutsacrosstheparknearmyhome.IlikesittingbytheWayleonfineafternoons.ItwaswarmlastSunday,soIwentandsatontheriverbankasusual.Somechildrenwereplayinggamesonthebankandthereweresomepeoplerowingontheriver.Suddenly,oneofthechildrenkickedaballveryhardanditwenttowardsapassingboat.Somepeopleonthebankcalledouttothemanintheboat,buthedidnothearthem.Theballstruckhimsohardthathenearlyfellintothewater.Iturnedtolookatthechildren,butthereweren\'tanyinsight:theyhadallrunaway!Themanlaughedwhenherealizedwhathadhappened.Hecalledouttothechildrenandthrewtheballbacktothebank.参考译文威尔河是横穿过我家附近公园的一条小河.我喜欢在天气晴朗的下午到河边坐坐.上星期日天气很暖和.于是我和往常一样,又去河边坐着.河岸上有些孩子正在玩耍,河面上有些人正在划船.突然,一个孩子狠狠地踢了一脚球,球便向着一只划过来的小船飞去.岸上的一些人对着小船上的人高喊,但他没有听见.球重重地打在他身上,使他差点儿落入水中.我转过头去看那些孩子,但一个也不见,全都跑了!当那个人明白了发生的事情时,笑了起来.他大声叫着那些孩子,把球扔回到岸上.【课文讲解】1、IlikesittingbytheWayleonfineafternoons.liketodosth.喜欢……（一次性的）Iliketodrinktea.likedoingsth.喜欢……（习惯性的）Ilikedrinkingwater.onafternoons餐每逢下午2、ItwaswarmlastSunday,soIwentandsatontheriverbankasusual.asusual和往常一样3、Somepeopleonthebankcalledouttothemanintheboat,buthedidnothearthem.132.callout大声呼叫，叫喊Iheardsomeonecallingoutforhelp.callouttosb.对……大声喊Marycalledouttoherfather,buthewastoofarawayandcouldn’thearher.4、Theballstruckhimsohardthathenearlyfellintothewater.so…that…如此……以致于……(that引导的结果状语从句)TheteacherspeakssofastthatIcan\'tcatchtheword.Mybrotherwalkssoslowlythathecan\'tcatchupwithme.(赶不上)TheEnglishissoeasythatIcanlearnitwell.so的后面跟副词或形容词,如后跟名词时要用such+n.+that…5、Iturnedtolookatthechildren,butthereweren\'tanyinsight:theyhadallrunaway!insight看得见，在视野之内（反义词为outofsight）Therewerenotanythinginsight.Nobusisinsight.Intheafternoon,wecameinsightofthevillage.【Composition】Thewind(threw)(blew)hishatintotheriver.He(put)(took)outhishand(and)(but)triedto(reach)(catch)it(so)(but)hecouldnot(so)(but)he(jumped)(fell)intotheriver(and)(but)gotit.blew吹，takeout拿出（putout扑灭），and，reach够得着（catch接住抓住），but，so，jump自己跳(fall掉进去)，and【Summarywriting】4.Themanintheboatneithersawtheballnorheardpeopleshouting.6.However,themanwasnotangryandhethrewtheballbacktothebank.but连接两个句子,中间可用逗号隔开；however只是副词,只表示意思上得转折,它可以放在句首也可以放在句中,只是用一个逗号把它和其他的词隔开就可以【Keystructures】The,SomeandAnysome不用于否定句，any通常用于否定句和疑问句，some在表示邀请的语气中或在疑问句中如果所期望的回答是肯定的，可以取代anyDoyouwantsome?/Wouldyouwantsomething?Doyouwantanydrink?你想要喝点什么吗?(不愿意给别人喝)Wouldyouwantsometodrink?在姓名、地名、国名（非复合词）前面通常不加任何冠词。但在特指的海洋、河流、山脉以及部分复合词形式的国名前，一定要用定冠词the；在表示世界上独一无二的东西时，通常要加定冠词the.ItcangetveryroughintheMediterranean.地中海中可能会非常不平静.Manygreatcitiesarebuiltonrivers.ParisisontheSeine,LondonisontheThamesandRomeisontheTiber.许多大城市都建在河岸上.巴黎在塞纳河上,伦敦在泰晤士河上,罗马在第伯尔河上.Iknowamanwhohasbeenonclimbingexpeditionsinmanypartsoftheworld.HehasclimbedintheAlps,theHimalayas,andtheRockyMountains.133.我认识一个参加过世界各地登山探险的人.他曾攀登过阿尔卑斯山、喜马拉雅山和洛矶山.在such后面用a/an，可以起强调作用I’veneverseensuchastrongwindbefore.ExercisesD(在必要的地方填上冠词a或the)1______refrigeratorsarenecessaryin______hotcountries.2Whichriveris______longest,______Nile,______Amazon,or______Mississippi?3Heyerdahlcrossed______Pacificon______raft.4Whyis______Britainsometimescalled______UnitedKingdom?5Wesailedup______RedSeaandthenwentthrough______SuezCanal.1.不填inhotcountries:指的是炎热的那类国家,故不用the2.the，the，the，theNile尼罗河；Amazon亚马逊河；Missisippi密西西比河3.the，atheAtlantic大西洋raftn.木筏子（如用by，则不用加任何修饰byraft，用“on，in”一般都要加“the，a/an”，这里指的是这一类，没特指，故加“a”）4.\\，the如果以单个的词作为国家,基本上不加the,比方说China,America,Britain,一旦这个词成为缩略形式,前面就要加the，如：theUSA5.the，the横渡海峡用“across”；和运河相连介词用through，不用“across”【Multiplechoicequestions】4.Itcutsacrossthepark.Itgoes___a___it.a.throughb.overc.roundd.alonground围绕；along沿着across从……的表面穿过acrossthegrassthrough从……的内部穿过gothroughthemarket穿过市场over在……上方，与下面没接触，over在用于穿越讲时，表示穿过弧形overthebridge,overthemountains,overthehill7.Thereweren\'tanyinsight.They___c___.a.couldn\'tseeb.hadn\'tseenc.couldn\'tbeseend.weren\'tseensee为及物动词,一般后面一定要加宾语；look为不及物动词10Themanintheboatdidn\'t___a___anyoneshouting.a.hearb.listentoc.mindd.takecareofhearsb.doingsth.听见某人正在做某事Iheardmysistersinging.Lesson31Successstory134.【Newwordsandexpressions】（8）retirev.退休companyn.公司bicyclen.自行车savev.积蓄workshopn.车间helpern.帮手，助手employv.雇佣grandsonn.孙子retirev.★退休retire=stopworking=stopdoingthisHeisgettingold,Heisgoingtoretire.他越来越老,他打算退休了I\'mgoingtoretirenextyear.我明年会退出影坛或歌坛I\'msotiredthatI\'mgoingtoretirenow.(retire=gotobed)companyn.★公司firmn.商行corporationn.责任公司limitedcorporation有限责任公司（缩略形式：Ltd.Co）businessn.生意，公司Heworksinmybusiness.他在我的公司工作savevt.★积蓄vt.①挽救，救助，拯救saveone\'slifeThedoctorsavedthechild’slife.Theysavedthechildfromthefire.saveone\'sface挽会面子vt.②积蓄，储蓄Heusedtosaveletters.savemoney存钱Hesaved(money)foryearstobuyacar.西方人不喜欢提钱,所以用saveup表示存钱Ihavesavedupformanyyears.我已经存了好几年的钱Saveitforarainyday.未雨绸缪,为将来需要而做好准备workshopn.★车间workshopn.车间（工作并且可以拿出来卖）workhousen.感化院（强迫劳动的地方）helpern.★帮手,助手assistantn.助理employv.★雇佣135.employeen.雇员；employern.雇主trainern.教练；traineen.接受训练的人【Text】YesterdayafternoonFrankHawkinswastellingmeabouthisexperiencesasayoungman.Beforeheretired,Frankwastheheadofaverylargebusinesscompany,butasaboyheusedtoworkinasmallshop.Itwashisjobtorepairbicyclesandatthattimeheusedtoworkfourteenhoursaday.Hesavedmoneyforyearsandin1958heboughtasmallworkshopofhisown.InhistwentiesFrankusedtomakesparepartsforaeroplanes.Atthattimehehadtwohelpers.Inafewyearsthesmallworkshophadbecomealargefactorywhichemployedsevenhundredandtwenty-eightpeople.Franksmiledwhenherememberedhishardearlyyearsandthelongroadtosuccess.Hewasstillsmilingwhenthedooropenedandhiswifecamein.Shewantedhimtorepairtheirgrandson\'sbicycle!参考译文昨天下午弗兰克.霍金斯向我讲述了他年轻时的经历.在退休前,弗兰克是一家非常大的商业公司的经理,但他小时候却在一家小铺里做工.他那时的工作是修理自行车,并且通常是一天工作14个小时.他靠多年积蓄,于1958年买下了自己的一个小铺子.20多岁的时候,弗兰克曾生产飞机零配件.那时他有两个帮手.几年之后,小铺子已经发展成了一个雇有728人的大工厂.弗兰克回想着他早年的艰难经历和走过的漫长的成功之路,微笑了.他正笑着的时候门开了,他的妻子走了进来.她叫他去修理孙子的自行车.【课文讲解】1、Beforeheretired,Frankwastheheadofaverylargebusinesscompany,butasaboyheusedtoworkinasmallshop.head是“首领、头目”的意思，“theheadof+名词”的意思是“……的老板，头”Johnistheheadofthefamily.一家之主Frankistheheadofthefirm.弗兰克是那家公司的总裁。usedtodosth.过去常常,但是现在不做Myteacherusedtolivethere.我的老师过去住在那(现在不住了)Helivedthere.他过去住在那(不知道现在是否住在那)work…as…作为……工作Heusedtoworkasateacher.asaboy=ashewasaboy（as的意思是“当……的时候”）asayoungman当他年轻的时候2、Itwashisjobtorepairbicyclesandatthattimeheusedtoworkfourteenhoursaday.atthattime=justthen=atthatmoment那时3、Hesavedmoneyforyearsandin1958heboughtasmallworkshopofhisown.ofone\'sown自己的，属于自己的（own为代词）Doyouhaveahouseofyourown?myownbook(own起强调作用,自己的)用ofone\'sown或one\'sown由被修饰词的位置决定,如果被修饰名词在前边,用ofone\'sown,如果被修饰名词在后边,用one\'sown4、InhistwentiesFrankusedtomakesparepartsforaeroplanes.inone\'s-ies在某人几十岁的时候inone\'stwenties/thirties/forties/fifties/nineties，十的倍数的复数形式可用于表达近似的、非确定的数136.量，与所有格形容词连用时表示大约的年龄。inmyfifties在我五十多岁的时候Inhisfifties,helearnedthesecondlanguage.inthe1980s在二十世纪八十年代Iworked/beganthejobinthe1990s.5、Inafewyearsthesmallworkshophadbecomealargefactorywhichemployedsevenhundredandtwenty-eightpeople.hasbecome成长为……inafewyears在一些年之后…factorywhichemployed…工厂雇佣……（除了人可以雇佣外，工厂、公司也可以这样表达)6、Franksmiledwhenherememberedhishardearlyyearsandthelongroadtosuccess.one’shardearlyyears=earlyinone’slife某人的早年艰辛（生活）thelongroadtosuccess通往成功的长路Thereisalongwaytogo.还有很长的路要走。rememberv.记得,回忆起memoryn.记忆；memorizev.记住【Keystructures】过去进行时与一般过去时过去进行时表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作，和一般过去时经常在一个句子里使用。与一般过去时相比，它更强调动作的持续性，一般过去时则表示比较短暂的动作或事件。在叙述故事时，过去进行时往往用来表示背景。WhenIwaswateringthegarden,itbegantorain.AsIwasgettingonthebus,Islippedandhurtmyfoot.usedtodousedtodo表示过去有过但现在已不存在的习惯，以便将过去与现在形成对照。它后面经常用由butnow…，butnot…anymore/anylonger等构成的、用了一般现在时的句子以强调过去和现在的不同之处。Iusedtosmoke,butIdon’tanymore/longer.Heusedtobeapostmanalongtimeago.He\'sataxidrivernow.很久以前他曾是个邮递员,现在他是个出租车司机.Ihavegivenupsmoking.Iusedtosmokeveryheavily.我已经戒烟了,过去我吸烟很厉害.IusedtocollectstampswhenIwasaboy.当我还是个小男孩时,我常搜集邮票.usedto仅用于一般过去。它的疑问句和否定句形式可以不用助动词do而用used本身。Usedhetosmoke?Heusedn’t/usednottosmoke.但比较常用的形式是did和didn’tDidheusetosmoke?Hedidn’tusetosmoke.在针对usedto提问时，一般也用did：Iusedtobeagoodswimmer.137.Didyoureally?Ididn’tevenknowyoucouldswim.【SpecialDifficulties】Experiencen.①经历(可数名词)Hetoldmeabouthisexperiencesasayoungman.n.②经验(不可数名词)Theywantsomeonewithalotofexperienceforthisjob.Doesshehaveanyexperienceinteaching?vt.③经验，体验Thevillagehasexperiencedgreatchangessince1980.experiencedadj.有经验的，经验丰富的Johnisanexperienceddriver.Savevt.&vi.①救助，搭救，拯救saveone\'slife挽救某人的生命Thedoctorsavedthechild’slife.saveone\'sface挽回面子vt.&vi.②储蓄，积攒savemoney存钱（多余的钱）Hesaved(money)foryearstobuyacar.saveitforarainyday未雨绸缪economize[]v.\uf035经济，节省（能不用的就不用，节衣缩食）WorkandJobwork和job都翻译为“工作”，job为可数名词，一般与“职业、职位”有关，或表示某人的“份内事”；work作“工作”讲时是不可数名词，常指具体的“劳动、作业”或“（待做的）工作或事务”等，也可能表示“上班”。Johnislookingforanewjob.I’mlookingforworkasadriver.Iamlookingforanewjob.Itwashisjobtorepairbicycles.【Composition】Frank(notonly)(neither)(repaired)(made)hisgrandson\'sbicycle,(but)(also)wentforarideonit(aswell)(both).He(said)(told)melater:‘I(make)(do)aeroplanes,(and)(but)Ipreferbicycles.’notonly/repaired/but/aswell/told/make/butgoforaride/goforawalk骑车出去/出去散步rideacar/bicycle/horsegoforarideonsth(对自行车只能用“on”)出去骑车prefer[]vt.\uf035更喜欢,宁愿【Multiplechoicequestions】1Whenhewasayoungman,Frank__d__.a.ownedasmallshopb.madesparepartsforaeroplanes138.c.madesparepartsforbicyclesd.workedhardandsavedhismoney(a)(b)选项是作为“hewasayoungman”中的一个部分3Frankusedtoworkinasmallshop.He___a___.a.doesn\'tanymoreb.stilldoesc.isnowd.hasneverdoneanythingelsenotanymore不再Iwillnotmakethemistakeanymore.4Heusedtoworkfourteenhoursaday.Hedidthis___c___day.a.oneb.somec.eachd.aeveryday/eachday每天oneday有一天；someday某一天；a作为计量单位的一部分Iwillbeatyousomeday.总有一天我会打败你8Frankisthe___a___ofabusinesscompany.a.directorb.headmasterc.superiord.leaderleadern.起带头作用的人headmaster[]n.\uf035校长directorn.管理公司或单位整个事务的人Frankisadirectorofabusinesscompany.superiorn.监理12Hewasstillsmilingwhenthedooropenedandhiswife___c___.a.wentinb.enteredinc.enteredd.enteredintointo后面一定要加地点enter既是及物动词,也是不及物动词enter＝goin/comeingoin与comein都可以用enter代替,但goin(离说话人越来越远)与comein(离说话人越来越近)方向不一样,文中强调的是“进去”而非“进来”Lesson32Shoppingmadeeasy【Newwordsandexpressions】（6）onceadv.曾经，以前temptationn.诱惑articlen.物品，东西wrapv.包裹simplyadv.仅仅arrestv.逮捕onceadj.★曾经,以前once=longlongago①很久以前once②一次139.Ivisitedmymotheronceamonth.(一次)once③连接从句，表示“一旦”Onceyouleavemycompany,youmustreturnthehouse.temptationn★诱惑temptationtodosth.……的诱惑temptationtosteal偷窃的诱惑resistthetemptationtodosth.抵抗不了……的诱惑(resist[]vt.\uf035抵抗,反抗,抗,忍得住)Ican\'tresistthetemptationtolaugh.articlen.★物品,东西n.①文章Thisisagoodarticle.n.②物品,东西（强调的是商店里的一个一个的东西,是可数名词,单独的东西,独立的个体）thingn.指任何的东西（和article不可相互取代）cargo[]n.\uf035船货,(车、船、飞机等运输的)货物goodsn.货物,商店里的货物的总称wrapv.★包裹wrapsth.up把……打包Pleasewrapthem(up)forme.请替我把他们包好packv.打包（指为了携带,运输的方便而打包）Iwilltake/get/haveit.Pleasewrapthemforme./Pleasepackthemforme.simplyadv.★仅仅simply=only=justarrestv.★逮捕vt.①逮捕，扣留Whenshewasarrested,sherefusedtosayanything.Thecriminalwasarrested.（criminal[]n.\uf035罪犯,犯罪者；adj.犯罪的,犯法的,罪恶的）n.②逮捕，扣留sb.beunderarrest某人被逮捕Tonyisunderarrestnow.control/undercontrol控制/被控制vt.③吸引（注意等）arrestone\'sattention吸引某人的注意Thebeautyofthewoodsarrestedthetourists.树林的美丽景色吸引了游客。Hewasarrestedbyherwords.她的话吸引了他。【Text】Peoplearenotsohonestastheyoncewere.Thetemptationtostealisgreaterthaneverbefore--especiallyin140.largeshops.Adetectiverecentlywatchedawell-dressedwomanwhoalwayswentintoalargestoreonMondaymornings.OneMonday,therewerefewerpeopleintheshopthanusualwhenthewomancamein,soitwaseasierforthedetectivetowatchher.Thewomanfirstboughtafewsmallarticles.Afteralittletime,shechoseoneofthemostexpensivedressesintheshopandhandedittoanassistantwhowrappeditupforherasquicklyaspossible.Thenthewomansimplytooktheparcelandwalkedoutoftheshopwithoutpaying.Whenshewasarrested,thedetectivefoundoutthattheshopassistantwasherdaughter.Thegirl\'gave\'hermotherafreedressonceaweek!参考译文人们不再像以前那样诚实了.偷窃的诱惑力比以往任何时候都更强烈——特别是在大的商店里.一名侦探最近注意上了一位穿着讲究的妇女,她总是在星期一上午进入一家大商场.有一个星期一,当这位妇女走进这家商场时,里面的人比往常少,因此,侦探比较容易监视她.这位妇女先是买了几样小商品.过了一会几,她又选了商场里最昂贵的一件衣服,把它递给了售货员.那售货员以最快的速度为她包好了衣服.然后,那妇女拿过包就走出了商场,根本没有付钱.她被逮捕后,侦探发现原来那售货员是她的女儿.那姑娘每星期“送”她母亲一件免费的衣服!【课文讲解】1、shoppingmadeeasymade为过去分词,有“被”的意思（标题不用句子,所以标题省略be）makev.制造；使……怎么样maketheroomcleanmakeshoppingeasy=Shoppingbemadeeasy.(句子)2、Peoplearenotsohonestastheyoncewere.as…as…和……一样（as+adj./adv.+as+比较对象）Thiscaseisaslightasthatone.Itisasheavyasthatone.这个东西和那个东西一样重as…as…的否定形式是notso…as…/notas…as…Itisnotasheavyasthatone.这个东西不如那个东西重Iamtallerthanyou/youarenotastallasI.less+原级+than＝notas…as…=notso…as…不如……那样……（比较状语从句）Iamnotsoluckyasthosefisherman.once表示“以前，曾经”时只能与动词的过去式连用：Heonceworkedatalargecompany.3、Thetemptationtostealisgreaterthaneverbefore--especiallyinlargeshops.thetemptationtosteal偷窃的诱惑力Thetemptationtosmokeisstrongforhim.（tosmoke为不定式）要表现现在与过去的比较,有两种方式:theyare①与theywere或itis/itwas等在用不同时态比theyare与theywere在用不同时态比Youaremorebeautifulthanyouwere.你比过去漂亮多了Youlookbetterthanyouwere.(省略句:Youlookbetter.)Isthisyourcar?Itwasmycar.以前是我的车子。Youwereworse.（表示Youarebetter.你过去更差劲,表示现在比以前更好了）Ithink我想……141.Ithought我原以为……②用短语thaneverbeforePeoplearenotsohonestasbefore.=Peoplearenotsohonestastheyoncewere.4、Adetectiverecentlywatchedawell-dressedwomanwhoalwayswentintoalargestoreonMondaymornings.watchv.观察,监视;当心(口语中)watchtheenemywatchsth.当心Watchyourhead!(威胁)“well+动词的过去分词”组成复合形容词，做定语well-designed设计得不错well-educated有教养的5、OneMonday,therewerefewerpeopleintheshopthanusualwhenthewomancamein,soitwaseasierforthedetectivetowatchher.asusual象平常；thanusual比平常soitwaseasierforthedetectivetowatchher.(句中用“easier”有潜在的比较含义，it是形式主语，forsb.中的sb.是逻辑主语Itbe动词+形容词+forsb.todosth.对某人来说做什么事……Theteacherboughtalotofdressestomakehermorebeautiful.(更漂亮,不用“more”时会让人产生误会，用more是表示对别人的尊重)outofpoliteness出于礼貌(politenessn.有礼,优雅)6、Afteralittletime,shechoseoneofthemostexpensivedressesintheshopandhandedittoanassistantwhowrappeditupforherasquicklyaspossible.afteralittletime过了一会儿hand…to…递给(比较有权威的人)handedittoanassistant[\uf068\uf061\uf06e\uf064\uf020\uf069\uf074\uf020\uf074\uf075\uf03a\uf020\uf045\uf06e\uf020\uf045\uf060\uf073\uf049\uf073\uf074\uf045\uf06e\uf074](前一个以“o”结尾,后一个以“元音”开头的,读时需再在它们之间加一个[\uf077]音,又如：myheartgoon.[\uf020\uf05e\uf045\uf075\uf077\uf052\uf06e])passsth.tosb.一个一个的传递(更常用)handin上交wrapsth.upforsb.为某人打包……as…aspossible尽可能……Ihavesentyouasmanybooksaspossible.Hewenthomeassoonaspossible.7、Whenshewasarrested,thedetectivefoundoutthattheshopassistantwasherdaughter.findout发现……（后跟的宾语一般是抽象的）findoutthetruth发现真相findsth.找到……(sth.是看得见,模得着的,具体的)Ifindthepen.(pen是具体的)8、Thegirl\'gave\'hermotherafreedressonceaweek!freeadj.免费的142.Childrenunderfiveyearsoldtravelfree.5岁以下儿童免费旅行。feeadj.交费feeparking收费的停车场“oncea+表示时间的名词”可以表示频率：Hecomestotheofficeonceaday.【Keystructures】比较状语从句比较状语从句含有或暗含有“与……相比”的意思。除了than…或more…than…这种结构外，它还包括as+形容词/副词+as…，notso/as…as…，less…than…等结构。当句子里两个动词相同、时态也一样时，则第二个动词可以省略，比较从句就成了含蓄的从句。如果对比的东西很明显，那么为了避免重复，从句中有些成分、甚至整个从句都省略，因此这类句子往往不完整。Peoplearen’tsokindastheyusedtobe.No,they’rebecominglesskind.是的，他们变得不那么友善了。Heisasquickinansweringashissister(is).Heanswersasquicklyashissister(does).Heisnotso/asquickashissister.little和few的用法little和alittle与不可数名词一起使用。little表示否定，有“几乎一点儿也没有”的含义，在口语中常用notmuch；alittle表示肯定，具有some的含义。Hehas(very)littlehopeofwinningthisrace.=Hehasn’tmuchhopeofwinningthisrace.Havewegotanybread?Yes,there’salittle/someinthefridge.few和afew与复数可数名词连用。few表示否定，与little相似，在口语中多用notmany；afew表示肯定，有some的含义。Theyhadfewguestslastweekend.Theydidn’thavemanyguestslastweekend.little的比较级为less，few的比较级为fewer。Duringtheholiday,thereislessnoiseinthebuilding.Therearefewertravelersthanthereusuallyare.【SpecialDifficulties】AandOne不定冠词a通常用于表示不确定的人或事物以及第一次提到的人或事物，a强调的是后面的名词；one强调的是“一个”的意思：ItwasoneappleIate,nottwo.Thereisabookandapenonthedesk.不表示强调时，a和one有时可以互换：Shewillcomehomeina/oneweek’stime.叙述故事时常将one+表示时间的名词用于句首，而不用a：OneMonday,hewenttotheofficeasusual.【Multiplechoicequestions】4Therewerefewerpeopleintheshopthanusual.Therewere___b___.143.a.asmanyasusualb.notasmanyasusualc.asfewasusuald.morethanusual7Itwasoneofthemostexpensivedresses___a___theshop.a.inb.ofc.fromd.tomostexpensive最高级+①地点用in②+范围表示所有的人或(书)当中,用of③Ihaveeverseen/done/heard.(定语从句)我所看过的,做过的,听过的8Adetectiverecentlywatchedawell-dressedwoman.He___d___her.a.lookedb.lookedforc.lookedafterd.lookedatwatch=lookat9Thewomanfirstboughtafewsmallarticles.Sheboughtsomesmall___a___.a.thingsb.piecesc.bitsd.parts10Theassistantwrappedit.She___d___it.a.paperedb.turnedc.envelopedd.madeaparcelofmadeaparcelof制作一个包裹12Thedresswasfree.It___c___.a.waspricelessb.wasworthlessc.costnothingd.wasgratefulpriceless[]adj.\uf035无价的,极贵重的worthlessadj.不值钱的（Somethingcostmoney.）freeadj.免费的（Ipaynothing.）grateful[]adj.\uf035感激的,感谢的Lesson33Outofthedarkness【Newwordsandexpressions】（12）darknessn.黑暗explainv.解释，叙述coastn.海岸stormn.暴风雨towardsprep.向，朝；接近rockn.岩石，礁石shoren.海岸lightn.灯光aheadadv.在前面cliffn.峭壁strugglev.挣扎hospitaln.医院darknessn.★黑暗inthedarkness在黑暗中(在没有光线的情况下)144.explain[\uf069\uf06b\uf073\uf035\uf070\uf06c\uf065\uf069\uf06e]v.★\uf035解释,叙述explanation[]n.\uf037\uf035解释Couldyougivemeanexplanation?能给我一个解释吗?interpret[]v.\uf035解释,(强调翻译)语言之间的解释interpreter[]n.\uf035解释程序，解释者，口译人员，翻译员，讲解员interpretation[]n.\uf037\uf035解释,阐明,口译,通译interpretress[\uf049\uf06e\uf060\uf074\uf05c\uf03a\uf070\uf072\uf049\uf074\uf072\uf049\uf073]n.女翻译员coastn.★海岸（地理意义上的海岸,海岸线等,感觉旁边是岩石,很陡峭seashoren.海岸（跟游玩有关系,为了游玩的）seasiden.海边seashore/seaside给人的感觉是旁边是沙滩,可以进行日光浴的感觉bankn.河岸，坝，堤（两边比水面高）stormn.★暴风雨(只解释为“风暴”)snowstormn.暴风雪thunderstorm[]n.[\uf035气]雷暴，雷雨rainheavily表示雨下得很大pour[\uf070\uf043\uf03a\uf02c\uf020\uf070\uf043\uf045]v.灌注,倾泻,涌入,流,倾盆大雨Therainispouring.倾盆大雨It\'srainingcatsanddogs.滂沱大雨towardsprep.★向,朝,接近towards强调nearerandnearer（强调越来越近）rockn.★岩石,礁石rock表示hugestone（huge[\uf068\uf06a\uf075\uf03a\uf064\uf056]adj巨大的,极大的,无限的）aheadadv.★在前面a开头的词（asleep，awake，alive，ahead，alight…）往往是表语形容词。不管是作表语形容词，还是副词，都放在名词的后面，一般形容词放在名词的前面ahead的用法：①放在被修饰词的后面作定语,定语后置lightahead前方的灯光aheadof…②在……前面Hewentaheadofme.他走在我前面goahead③朝前走；请随便(回答请求时用)--Wouldyoumindmyusingyourtelephone?/CanIuseyourtelephone?--Ok,goahead.--CanIsmokehere?--Goahead./Sorry+一个原因(可能是事实,可能是个借口)hospitalv.★医院hospital前面是否加the，和它的功能有关系，一旦+the,只表示地点145.gotohospital看病；gotothehospital去医院（看望病人）inhospital住院；inthehospital在医院【Text】Nearlyaweekpassedbeforethegirlwasabletoexplainwhathadhappenedtoher.Oneafternoonshesetoutfromthecoastinasmallboatandwascaughtinastorm.Towardsevening,theboatstruckarockandthegirljumpedintothesea.Thensheswamtotheshoreafterspendingthewholenightinthewater.Duringthattimeshecoveredadistanceofeightmiles.Earlynextmorning,shesawalightahead.Sheknewshewasneartheshorebecausethelightwashighuponthecliffs.Onarrivingattheshore,thegirlstruggleduptheclifftowardsthelightshehadseen.Thatwasallsheremembered.Whenshewokeupadaylater,shefoundherselfinhospital.参考译文几乎过了一个星期,那姑娘才能讲述自己的遭遇.一天下午,她乘小船从海岸出发,遇上了风暴.天将黑时,小船撞在了一块礁石上,姑娘跳进了海里.她在海里游了整整一夜才游到岸边.在那段时间里,她游了8英里.第二天凌晨,她看到前方有灯光,知道自己已经接近岸边了,因为那灯光是在高高的峭壁上.到达岸边后,姑娘朝着她看到的灯光方向挣扎着往峭壁上爬去.她所记得的就是这些.第二天她醒来时,发现自己躺在医院里.【课文讲解】1、Nearlyaweekpassedbeforethegirlwasabletoexplainwhathadhappenedtoher.nearlyadv.将近nearlyaweek快一个星期了“一段时间以后”句型：sometimelater…Threedayslater,mymotherreturned.（强调某人做某事，简单句)Threedayspassedandthenmymotherreturned.并列句,既强调某人做某事,又强调时间(有多久)…passedbefore…Threedayspassedbeforemymotherreturned.强调时间(这么久的时间,时间状语从句,后面是从句)beableto强调有能力,且能够成功(还强调成功)；can只表示能力Icanswimacrosstheriver.我能游过这条河（但没有游过，不知道能不能成功）Iwasabletoswimacrosstheriver.2、Oneafternoonshesetoutfromthecoastinasmallboatandwascaughtinastorm.setout=setoff=beginajourney出发setoutfrom…从……出发becaughtin+灾难（突然）遇到/上（风暴等）becaughtinaearthquake(earthquake[]n.\uf035地震)Iwascaughtinarain.我遇上了一场雨Assoonasheleft,itbegantorain.Hewascaughtinarainwhenheleft.他刚一离开,就下雨了遇上人用meet,遇上灾难用becaughtin…3、Towardsevening,theboatstruckarockandthegirljumpedintothesea.146.towardsevening天越来越晚strike强调的往往是猛烈的撞击4、Thensheswamtotheshoreafterspendingthewholenightinthewater.“to”强调朝那个方向去,但没有强调越来越近；“towards”朝那个方向去，强调距离越来越近5、Duringthattimeshecoveredadistanceofeightmiles.cover可笼统地表示“行过（一段路程）”，根据上下文可具体译为“走过、飞过、游过”等。Thebirdcoveredthedistanceinthreeminutes.adistanceof+具体长度多长的距离，表示具体的距离theredarmycoveredadistanceof25000…两万五千里长征6、Earlynextmorning,shesawalightahead.alightahead前方的一盏灯（ahead放在被修饰词的后面）7、Onarrivingattheshore,thegirlstruggleduptheclifftowardsthelightshehadseen.“on+动名词”相当于一个由assoonas＝themoment或when引导的时间状语从句，assoonas＝themoment后面要加句子，on后面一定要加动词ing,承认动词是由主句主语做的Onreachingtheairport,hewasarrestedbythepolice.“…uptheclifftowardsthe…”用两个介词起到动词的作用，up在此处为介词，表示“沿着……往上”8、Thatwasallsheremembered.all作表语，是先行词,sheremember修饰all作定语从句,省略thatThatwasallIwantedtosay.那就是我想说的全部ThatwasallIcandoforyou.＝Icandonothingelseforyou.9、Whenshewokeupadaylater,shefoundherselfinhospital.find+宾语+宾补发现……（宾补可以由形容词或介词短语充当）findthebookstidy发现书摆放得整齐Ifoundthebooksinorder.WhenIwokeup,Ifoundmyselfinbed.【Keystructures】表示方向和目的地的介词和副词①表示“上、下”的两对小品词是on和off，up和downJim’sstandingontheroof.Ihopehewon’tfalloff.Tom’sclimbingupthetree.Ihopehewon’tfalldown.②表示“来、去”的一对小品词是from和to；towards（强调越来越近）的意义和to（强调目标）相近，表示“朝，向，接近”等；for在有些动词后面也表示“往，向”的意思Theballwascomingtowardsme.TheplanefliesfromMoscowtoNewYork.Hewentforhome.leavefor…动身到某地（强调离开，出发）YesterdaymyfatherleftforTianjin.setoutfor…动身到某地147.Heleft/setoutforNewYorkyesterday.headfor/to前往（强调“去”）③表示“进去，出来”这两种方向的介词为into（进、入）和outof（从...出来）；表示“在某个地方”或“在……里面/外面”可用at（含有一种瞄准的概念，方向性），in，outof等；表示目的地或位置往往用ataimat，fireat(瞄准开火)，throwat，threwtothebankTellhimgointomyhouse.Didyoustopanywhereonyourwaytotheoffice?去办公室的路上你在别的地方逗留过吗？④表示“穿过，越过，绕过”等动词时，往往用through，across，under，over，round等介词Howdidyougetthroughthefence?你怎么穿过篱笆的？Howdidyougetoverthewall?【Specialdifficulties】PassandPastpass和past的区别主要是词义上的区别，pass是动词，其过去式为passed，过去分词是passed或past。当作及物动词用时，可表示“经过，通过（考试），超过”等，作不及物动词用时可表示“（时间等）消逝”。Yoursisterpassedmeinhernewcar,drivinggreatspeed.I’vepassed/pastmyFrenchtest.Amonthhaspassed/pastsinceIlefthome.past可以作形容词、介词、名词等，作形容词时表示“以前的，过去的”等；作介词时表示“经过，超出（范围等）”；作名词时表示“过去，昔时，往事”等。Frankisproudofhispastexperience.Igopastthegarden.Canyoutellmesomethingaboutyourpast?NextandOthernext表示时间顺序上“紧接的，下一个”，如果以现在为基准，则next前一般不加the；如果以过去或将来的某一时间为基准，则next前面要加the或其他修饰词。nextday第二天Maryphonedthenextdaytotellusthatshecouldn’tcometotheparty.第二天玛丽打来电话告诉我们她不能参加晚会了。theotherday=afewdaysago(几天前)，MaryphonedtheotherdaytotellusthatshehadarrivedinLondon.前几天玛丽来电话告诉我们她已到达伦敦。theotherday出现一定是过去时；nextday有可能是过去式,有可能是将来式【Multiplechoicequestions】4Sheswamtotheshore___a___thenightinthewater.a.havingspentb.havingspendingc.whenspendingd.hadspent只有谓语动词才有时态，句子中如果没有连词,但有两个动词,要把其中一个动词变成非谓语动词从语法上讲a,c都对用“when+doing”句型（when是连词的标志）时主语要跟主句的相同，谓语动词含有bedoing结构(两个条件必须满足)WhenstandingthereIfoundthebookveryinteresting.(省略了Iwas)148.Sheswamtotheshoreafterspendingthewholenightinthewater.5How___c___wastheshore?Eightmiles.a.awayfarb.farfromc.farawayd.longfarfrom+地点(必须加)对距离提问：Howfaraway…?(away可省略)What\'sthedistance…?6Thatwasallsheremembered.Shecouldn\'tremember___b___.a.somemoreb.anymorec.nomored.nonemorenotanymore=notanylonger=notanyfurther不再no，none不会和more连用,some不会出现在否定句中12Thatwasallsheremembered.Shecouldn\'t___c___verymucha.remindb.memorisec.recollectd.mindremindv.提醒；memorise[\uf060\uf06d\uf065\uf06d\uf04c\uf072\uf061\uf049\uf07a]v.记住；recollect[]v.\uf037\uf035回忆；mindv.介意Lesson34Quickwork【Newwordsandexpressions】（2）stationn.（警察）局mostadv.相当，非常stationn.(★警察)局(一定是与军方,警方有关系的)postoffice邮局policeoffice警局Iwenttothepolice.我去警察局communicationbureau交通局（bureau[]n.\uf035\uf035局）mostadv.★相当,非常adj.①用于最高级，表示“最……”ThisisthemostbeautifulcarI’veevenseen.adj.②大多数的，大部分的Mostdoctorsdon’tsmoke.adv.③非常，很（相当于very，但通常用于表达主观感情、见解等）只有加“the”时译为“最”，加“a”或什么也不加时译为“非常，相当”(“very”的概念)，常与形容词作用的过去分词连用。amostinterestingbook非常有趣的书IwasmostsurprisedwhenIheardthenews.我非常惊讶【Text】149.TedRobinsonhasbeenworriedalltheweek.LastTuesdayhereceivedaletterfromthelocalpolice.Intheletterhewasaskedtocallatthestation.Tedwonderedwhyhewaswantedbythepolice,buthewenttothestationyesterdayandnowheisnotworriedanymore.Atthestation,hewastoldbyasmilingpolicemanthathisbicyclehadbeenfound.Fivedaysago,thepolicemantoldhim,thebicyclewaspickedupinasmallvillagefourhundredmilesaway.Itisnowbeingsenttohishomebytrain.Tedwasmostsurprisedwhenheheardthenews.Hewasamusedtoo,becauseheneverexpectedthebicycletobefound.ItwasstolentwentyyearsagowhenTedwasaboyoffifteen!参考译文丹·鲁宾逊焦虑了整整一个星期.上星期二他收到当地警察局的一封信,要他到警察局去一趟.丹奇怪警察为什么找他,但昨天还是去了,结果他不再担心了.在警察局里,一位面带笑容的警察告诉他,他的自行车找到了.那位警察对他说,那辆自行车是5天前在400英里外的一个小村里发现的,现在正用火车给他运回家来.丹听到这个消息后,惊奇万分,但又感到非常好笑,因为他从未指望那辆自行车还能找到.这是20年前丹还是一个15岁的孩子时被人偷走的!【课文讲解】1、Quickworkquickadj.动作的快；fastadv.速度的快；soonadv.时间快haveaquickmealquickfreeze速冻2、TedRobinsonhasbeenworriedalltheweek.worriedadj.焦虑的，担心的worryvt.使担心，发愁Sheappearstobeworriedby/aboutsomething.好象有什么事使她发愁。3、LastTuesdayhereceivedaletterfromthelocalpolice.thelocalpolice当地警察局localadj.地方性的，当地的，本地的localnews当地新闻；localcolor当地色彩,地方色彩localpeople当地人；localcall市话native[]n.\uf035土著人；adj.土生土长的4、Intheletterhewasaskedtocallatthestation.callat(someplace)拜访某地callonsb.拜访某人ask/tell/expect/want/allow/request/ordersb.todosth.请求某人做某事sb.wastold某人被告知；有人告诉某人Iwastoldthatyesterdayyoudidsomethingwrong.hewastoldthat/todo(被动)=someonetoldhimthat…(主动)5、Tedwonderedwhyhewaswantedbythepolice,buthewenttothestationyesterdayandnowheisnotworriedanymore.wonder表示“想知道”时后面往往跟疑问词引导的从句Shewonderedwhothatmanwas/whathadhappened.150.want用于被动语态时可以表示“想与（某人见面、谈话等）”或“缉拿，追捕”Pleasewaitaminute.I’mwantedonthephone.请等一下，有我的电话。Thisistheman(whois)wantedbythepolice.not......anymore=nomore不再,再也不Idon’ttalktoyouanymore.我不再会对你谈话了Iwalkednomore.我不再走了6、Fivedaysago,thepolicemantoldhim,thebicyclewaspickedupinasmallvillagefourhundredmilesaway.pickup（偶然地、意外地）找到、获得、学会I’vepickedupabadcold.IpickedupsomeFrenchwhiletravelinginParis.在巴黎游览期间我学了几句法语。Hepickedupthebookinasmalllibrary.他在一个小图书馆发现了那本书。fivemilesaway这一类结构可以直接做定语,放在被修饰词后面Theschoolisfivemilesaway.学校在五里外theschoolfivemilesaway五里外的学校Iliveinahousewhichisfivemilesaway.=Iliveinahousefivemilesaway.7、Itisnowbeingsenttohishomebytrain.这句语是被动语态用于现在进行时，其结构为“am/is/are+being+过去分词”Theclavichordisbeingrepairedbyafriendofmyfather’s.home前一旦加修饰词(如文中的his),则其为名词8、Tedwasmostsurprisedwhenheheardthenews.mostsurprised中的most有very的意思，常与起形容词作用的过去分词连用。【letterwritting】在地址中我们通常使用缩略形式,如:“St.”(Street);“Rd.”(Road);“Sq.”(Square);“Ave.”(Avenue);“Pl.”(Place),而有些词则不用缩略形式,如“Lane”和“Drive”（行车道）pics.[\uf070\uf069\uf06b\uf073]pictures；secs.[\uf073\uf065\uf06b\uf03b\uf020\uf073\uf05a\uf06b]seconds【Specialdifficulties】与call有关的短语动词callonsb.①拜访，探望HaveyoucalledonGeorgerecently?call(sb.)up②给某人打电话（美语）Ifyouwantmyhelp,justcallup.callat+③地点对（某个人家或地方）进行短暂访问Hecallsateveryhouseinthestreetonceamonth.callout④大声叫喊Somepeopleonthebankcalledouttothemanintheboat.calloff⑤取消（某项活动）Forsomereason,theyhavecalledofftheparty/themeeting.callin⑥召集151.Exercise练习2It\'stoolatetogotothepictures.Whydon\'twecallthewholething______?gotothepictures去看电影callthewholethingoff取消【Multiplechoicequestions】8Allthepoliceatthestationare___b___men.a.topicalb.localc.natived.neighbourlylocaladj.当地的；nativeadj.自己在这里(祖祖辈辈都在这里)topicaladj.时事问题的，热门话题的，题目的neighbourlyadj.邻居的Lesson35Stopthief!【Newwordsandexpressions】whilen.一段时间regretv.后悔faradv.非常rushv.冲actv.行动straightadv.径直frightn.害怕batteredadj.撞坏的shortlyadv.很快，不久afterwardsadv.以后whilen.★一段时间while=sometime一小会儿waitforawhile等一会儿afterawhile隔了一会儿regretv.★后悔regretsth.①后悔……Youwillregretit.你会后悔的,你一定会后悔的regrettodosth.②很遗憾要去做……Iregrettotellyouabadnews.我很遗憾要告诉你一个坏消息(还没说)regretdoingsth.③很遗憾已经做了……Iregrettellinghimthenews.我真后悔告诉他这个消息Iregrettostealyourmoney.regretthat+④从句遗憾……遗憾：pity、sorry、regretIt\'sapityIamsorryto…152.faradv.★非常far＝much,修饰形容词或副词的比较级,注意most是修饰形容词或副词的,而不是比较级比较级前可以加修饰词，表示程度，多一点点用alittle，多很多用muchrushv.★冲vi.①冲，奔rushvi.(用腿)冲WhileIwastalkingtoFrank,amanrushedintotheroom.runv.跑(速度很快)vt.&vi.②仓促行事，仓促完成；赶紧做Royrushed(through)hislunchandleftforthestaion.TomalwaysrusheshishomeworkonSundayevenings.n.③猛冲，奔Roymadearushatthethieves.actv.★行动Act!(口语)行动!takeactiontodosth.采取行动straightadv.★径直adj.①直的，笔直的Hedrewastraightlineonthepaper.Thisroadisn’tstraight.adv.②笔直地gostraighton径直往前走You’llseeatowerstraightahead.你会看到正前方有个塔。adv.③径直地，直接地Johnalwaysgoesstraighthomeafterwork.Roydrovethebusstraightatthethieves.frightn.★害怕getafright得到惊吓的感觉（类似getasurprise）Yougivemeafright.你吓了我一跳givesb.sth.给人带来感觉givemeapleasure/anexcitement/afrightfrighten[]vt.\uf035使惊吓；vi.惊恐Youfrightenme.Thisdoesn\'tworryme.frighteningadj.令人感到可怕的；frightenedadj.自己感到可怕的一个动词能够加ing/ed,证明这个动词跟人的情感有关,他的宾语就会是人frightful＝terribleadj.可怕Yourhandwritingisfrightful.你的字真糟糕Coldisfrightful.寒冷是可怕的153.batteredadj.★撞坏的battered(loseone\'sshape)被撞变形的batteredbag破旧不堪的包（battered与软的东西连用时，表示用旧了，破旧不堪的）batter[\uf062\uf041\uf074\uf045]n.击球手；v.打坏,猛击damagedadj.被刮坏的destroyedcar车子被损害不能修；damagedcar车子坏了，但能修；batteredcar车变形afterwardsadv.★以后shortlyafterwards＝soon不久以后shortly＝soon；afterwards＝later后来,以后【Text】RovTrentonusedtodriveataxi.Ashortwhileago,however,hebecameabusdriverandhewasnotregrettedit.Heisfindinghisnewworkfarmoreexciting.WhenhewasdrivingalongCatfordStreetrecently,hesawtwothievesrushoutofashopandruntowardsawaitingcar.Oneofthemwascarryingabagfullofmoney.Royactedquicklyanddrovethebusstraightatthethieves.Theonewiththemoneygotsuchafrightthathedroppedthebag.Asthethievesweretryingtogetawayintheircar,Roydrovehisbusintothebackofit.Whilethebatteredcarwasmovingaway,Roystoppedhisbusandtelephonedthepolice.Thethieves\'carwasbadlydamagedandeasytorecognize.Shortlyafterwards,thepolicestoppedthecarandbothmenwerearrested.参考译文罗伊·特雷顿原是开出租汽车的,然而就在前不久,他开上了公共汽车,也并不为此而感到后悔.他发觉自己的新工作令人兴奋得多.最近,当他正开车在凯特福德街上行驶时,看到有两个小偷从一家商店里冲出来,奔向等在那里的一辆汽车,其中一个提着一只装满钞票的提包.罗伊行动迅速,开车直冲窃贼而去.拿钱的那个小偷吓得把提包都扔了.当那两个小偷企图乘车逃跑时,罗伊驾驶他的公共汽车撞在了那辆车的后尾上.当那辆被撞坏的车开走后,罗伊停下车,给警察挂了电话.小偷的车损坏严重,很容易辨认.没过多久,警察就截住了那辆车,两个小偷都被抓住了.【课文讲解】1、Ashortwhileago,however,hebecameabusdriverandhewasnotregrettedit.ashortwhileago＝ashorttimeago不久以前while作名词表示“一会儿，（一段）时间”时常与a连用，有时也与the，this等连用：Theyhaven’tseeneachotherforalongwhile.HaveyoubeeninAustraliaallthiswhile?Isawherashortwhileago.however可以放句首,可以放句中；如果一个词两边有逗号，证明这个词是插入语2、Heisfindinghisnewworkfarmoreexciting.find可以用一般现在时态,可以用进行时态Heisfindinghistripveryexciting.farmoreexciting更有趣（在形容词和副词的比较级与最高级前面，可以用far（相当much）来表示强调，译为“很，大大的”）It’sfar/muchcoldertodaythanitwasyesterday.Thisis(by)farthemostexpensivebicycleintheshop.154.3、WhenhewasdrivingalongCatfordStreetrecently,hesawtwothievesrushoutofashopandruntowardsawaitingcar.see和一些感知动词（如smell,feel,hear,watch,notice等）可以用在动词+名词/代词宾语+不带to的不定式结构（省略to）中，如果全过程用do，过程中的一瞬间用doing：seesb.dosth.看见某人做某事(强调全过程)Iseethemdance.(看了全过程)seesb.doingsth.看见某人正在做某事Iseethemdancing.(只看了一部分)hearsbdoingsth.，hearsb.dosth.4、Theonewiththemoneygotsuchafrightthathedroppedthebag.with一旦出现在名词或代词后就做定语,出现在动词之后做状语Hecameinwithabook.(作状语)Theboywithabookcamein.(作定语)getafright吓了一跳so+形容词(副词)+that…/such+(修饰词或形容词)+名词+that…如此……以致……一旦有名词,就认为形容词修饰的是名词,前面的词也修饰的是名词dropvt.由于抓什么没抓住不小心掉下去（sb.dropsth.）Idropthechalk.fallvi.从上往下落（sth.fall）dropthemoney/themoneyfallThechalkisfalling.5、Asthethievesweretryingtogetawayintheircar,Roydrovehisbusintothebackofit.as=when当……时候getaway＝runaway逃跑Howdidthethiefgetaway?bycar/inthecar开车driveinto…撞上……6、Whilethebatteredcarwasmovingaway,Roystoppedhisbusandtelephonedthepolice.stoppedhiscar，thecarstopped（与当时说话时的视觉概念有关，一个是人为停，一个是自己停下来）7、Thethieves\'carwasbadlydamagedandeasytorecognize.…andeasytorecognize=andthecarwaseasytorecognize(用主动表被动含义)如果一个不定式的前面是一个形容词,如果主句的结局是“系表结构+to”，不定式当中常用主动表被动,在不定式的表达方式当中,动词的宾语如果刚好是这句话的主语,这个宾语一定不能出现Theappleissweetenoughtoeat.Theappleistoosourtoeat.(sour[]adj.\uf035酸的)Thequestioniseasyenoughtoanswer.Theboyisenoughclevertoanswerthequestion.这个小孩足够聪明以至于能回答这个问题。（thequestion不是主语故一定要出现）文中“…easytorecognize(car)”因car是主语,所以不能出现在不定式当中,也许有可能用主动表达被动含义,及物动词后面一般加宾语(这个宾语就是这句话的主语就不加),又如：Theclothesaretoocomfortabletoware.155.8、Shortlyafterwards,thepolicestoppedthecarandbothmenwerearrested.shortlyafterwards没过多久bothmen＝twopersonsstopthecar拦住车子（thedriverstopthecar；其他人stoppedthecar）stopthief捉賊【Specialdifficulties】SoandSuchsuch和so都可以用于表示程度，但so只能作副词和连词，such则是形容词，因此so通常位于形容词、副词之前，而such只能位于名词之前：I’veneverreadsointerestingabook.I’veneverreadsuchaninterestingbook.引导结果状语从句时，它们的结构分别是：so+形容词(副词)+that…/such+(a,an修饰词或形容词)+名词+that…如此……以至于……一旦有名词,就认为形容词修饰的是名词,前面的词也修饰的是名词，如果名词是可数名词单数才要加a和an,反过来如果是可数名词单数,前面一定要加a或anItwassocoldthatnoonewentout.such除了表示“这样的，如此的”等意思外，还可以表示“像这一类的”，so不能表示这种意思。Heoftentalksaboutsuchthings.Youshouldnotspeaktosuchpeople.如果形容词是表示数量的(many,much,little,few),一律用soThereissolittletimeleftthatwemusthurry.Thereissuchalittle(小)birdthatIcan\'tseeit.(little不会和可数名词连用，如连用不会译成“数量少”，而应译为“小”)Heissolazyaboy./Heissuchalazyboy.如果有几个以上的形容词共同修饰一个名词的时候,冠词放在第一位,这句话中冠词不放在第一位,说明“a”与“boy”有关系,“lazy”从意思上与“boy”有关系,但从强调点上与“boy”没关系,它的强调点在“lazy”上【Multiplechoicequestions】1RoyTrenton___a___.a.prefersdrivingabustodrivingataxib.prefersdrivingataxitodrivingabusc.issorryheisn\'tataxidriverd.isgladhedidn\'tchangehisjobprefer…to…更喜欢这个东西(和后面的东西比),宁可也不Ipreferteatowater.prefer+名词+to+名词(如为动词则+ing)Ipreferdrinkingteatodrinkingwater.preferto(不定式的标志)+动词原形…ratherthan…比起……更喜欢……Hepreferstodrivebusratherthandriveataxi.Iprefertohaveanappleratherthanhaveanorange.3RoyTrentonusedtodriveataxi.Thismeanshe___a___ataxi.a.hasstoppeddrivingb.isusedtodriving156.c.gotusedtodrivingd.stilldrivesusedtodo过去常常做现在不做了（to为介词）Theboyusedtoswimintheriver.那男孩过去在河里游泳beusedtodoingsth.=getusedtodoingsth.习惯于……Iam(not)usedtogettingupearly.我习惯起早Theboyisusedtoswimmingintheriver.那男孩习惯在河里游泳beusedtodosth.被用来Theknifeisusedtocutthepaper.刀被用来切纸4Henoticedtwothieves___d___outofashop.a.tocomeb.arecomingc.incomingd.comeseesb.doingsth.看见某人正在做某事；seesb.dosth.看见某人做某事noticesb.doingsth.；noticesb.dosth.watchsb.doingsth.；watchsb.dosth.b.arecoming没有主从一致,应为wascoming就对7Thecarwaseasytorecognize,soitwasn\'t___d___difficultforthepolicetocatchthethieves.a.muchb.veryc.manyd.tootoo…to…太……以至于不能……enough…to…足以用来做某事many应加+名词；much,very一般不会与to连用8Hehasn\'tregrettedit.He___a___it.a.isn\'tsorryaboutb.doesn\'tpityc.isn\'tpleasedwithd.doesn\'tlaughaboutbesorryaboutsth.为……感到遗憾(抱歉)bepleasuedwithsth.对……感到满意laughat嘲笑；laughaboutsth.为……原因而笑b.pity不对是由于词性不对，pity是形容词11Thethiefdroppedthebag.He___d___.a.letitb.leftitc.fellitd.letitfallletsb.dosth.让某人做某事（听之任之）Myfatherletsmeplayfootball.(听之任之,随他去)makesb.dosth.让某人做某事（有强迫的意思）Myfathermakesmeplayfootball.(强迫)Lesson36AcrosstheChannel【Newwordsandexpressions】（8）recordn.记录strongadj.强壮的swimmern.游泳运动员succeedv.成功trainv.训练157.anxiouslyadv.焦急地intendv.打算solidadj.固体的，硬的record[\uf072\uf065\uf06b\uf043\uf03a\uf064]n.★\uf035记录；[]vt.\uf035记录breaktherecord破记录setuparecord=makearecord创记录holdtherecord=keeptherecord保持记录equalizetherecorder平记录(equalize[]vt.\uf035使相等,补偿)recorder[]n.\uf035录音机如果同一词音节落在第一个音节的重音,肯定是名词,重音落在第二个音节肯定是动词record[]n.\uf035记录；[]vt.\uf035记录present[]n.\uf035礼物；adj.现在的；[]v.\uf035赠送desert[]n.\uf035沙漠；[]v.\uf035废弃strongadj.★强壮的asstrongashorse象牛一样壮(马)strongwind大风；heavyrain大雨stronggirl(隐示不是很瘦,结实)strongmind意志坚强Outofsight,outofmind.眼不见,心不烦sturdy[]adj.\uf035结实的,强健的robust[][]adj.\uf035\uf035身体结实(“乐百事”英文名)strong+运动员获胜把握比较大，强有力的（“强有力的对手”中的“强有力”就用strong表达)swimmern.★游泳的人,游泳者swimmer确切的意思是游泳者,游泳的人strongswimmer游泳能手athlete[]n.\uf035运动员(运动会上常说的运动员)swimmingathlete游泳运动员(这里的“-ing”意为“用来”)succeedv.★成功succeedindoingsth.做……成功successn.成功,成功的人successfuladj.成功的besuccessfulindoingsthfailv.失败failtodosth.做……失败failure[]n.\uf035失败,失败者,缺乏,失灵,故障,破产,疏忽,<美>不及格trainv.★训练trainsb.todosth.训练某人做……(教,而且有让人形成某种技能)teachsb.todosth.教某人做……(只是教,会不会不管)trainern.教练；traineen.受训的人trainingcenter训练中心158.anxiouslyadv.★焦急anxiousadj.焦急的intendv.★打算intendtodosth.＝begoingtodosth.打算做某事solidadj.★固体的,硬的；n.固体adj.①固体的Shewillnoteatanysolidfood.adj.②硬的，结实的，坚固的（指家具、建筑物等）Theiceissolid.冰很硬。n.②固体【Text】DebbieHartisgoingtoswimacrosstheEnglishChanneltomorrow.SheisgoingtosetoutfromtheFrenchcoastatfiveo\'clockinthemorning.Debbieisonlyelevenyearsoldandshehopestosetupanewworldrecord.Sheisastrongswimmerandmanypeoplefeelthatsheissuretosucceed.Debbie\'sfatherwillsetoutwithherinasmallboat.Mr.Harthastrainedhisdaughterforyears.TomorrowhewillbewatchingheranxiouslyassheswimsthelongdistancetoEngland.Debbieintendstotakeshortrestseverytwohours.Shewillhavesomethingtodrinkbutshewillnoteatanysolidfood.MostofDebbie\'sschoolfriendswillbewaitingforherontheEnglishcoast.AmongthemwillbeDebbie\'smother,whoswamtheChannelherselfwhenshewasagirl.参考译文黛比·哈特准备明天横渡英吉利海峡.她打算早上5点钟从法国海岸出发.黛比只有11岁,她希望创一项新的世界纪录.她是一个游泳能手,很多人认为她一定能成功.黛比的父亲将乘一条小船同她一道出发.哈特先生训练她的女儿已经多年了,明天他将焦急地注视着女儿游过这段漫长的距离到达英国.黛比计划每两小时休息一下.她将喝些饮料,但不吃固体食物.黛比的大部分同学将在英国海岸等候她.他们当中还会有黛比的母亲,她本人还是个姑娘时,也曾横渡过英吉利海峡!【课文讲解】1、AcrosstheChannelacross横渡theChannel＝theEnglishChannel英吉利海峡(当“C”大写时,一定是指theEnglishChannel)2、SheisgoingtosetoutfromtheFrenchcoastatfiveo\'clockinthemorning.setout出发；setoutfrom…从某地出发3、Debbieisonlyelevenyearsoldandshehopestosetupanewworldrecord.hopetodosth.希望自己做……hopethat+从句希望别人做……setup为“创立，建立”，可以指某个具体的事物，如setupaschool；也可以指抽象的，如某个机构、组织等。setupanewworldrecord创造新的世界纪录159.4、Sheisastrongswimmerandmanypeoplefeelthatsheissuretosucceed.feel(that)+从句认为……，相信……（宾语从句中的that可以省略）Myparentsfeelthattheycanbelieveinyou.besuretodosth.一定能够,必定会（肯定语气比“must”（must+动词原形，表示一定,一种推测）强，对某件事情动词有把握）besureof…(对某件事情,名词做宾语)besurethat…(对某件事情,某人做某事有把握)IamsurethatIcandosth.＝Iamsureofsth.＝Iamsuretodosth.Iamsureofmysuccess.=Iamsuretosucceed.IamsurethatIcansucceed/besuccessful.5、Debbie\'sfatherwillsetoutwithherinasmallboat....withher同她一道byboat，inaboat乘船6、TomorrowhewillbewatchingheranxiouslyassheswimsthelongdistancetoEngland.willbedoing将来进行时表达将来as＝whenswim+距离游过多长距离Alltheworldwillbewatchinganxiouslyasthewarbrokeout.Wewillbewatchinganxiouslyasyouwent(go)out.（牵挂)7、Debbieintendstotakeshortrestseverytwohours.rest作“休息”讲时，可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词：Todayismydayofrest.今天是我的休息日。Afteralongrest,hewentonwithhiswork.have(take)abreak(rest)休息takeshortrests休息短时间every用在表示时间的名词之前时可译为“每”，everytwohours每两个小时Iwillplantanothertreeeverythreetrees.每隔三棵树我会再种一棵8、Shewillhavesomethingtodrinkbutshewillnoteatanysolidfood.somethingtodrink可以喝的东西（不定式作定语）havesomethingtoeat/read/do9、MostofDebbie\'sschoolfriendswillbewaitingforherontheEnglishcoast.most+n.=mostofthe+n.大多数的……mostyoungpeople/mostoftheyoungpeoplewillbewaiting将来进行时Iwillberightherewatingforyou.onthecoast在海边10、AmongthemwillbeDebbie\'smother,whoswamtheChannelherselfwhenshewasagirl.among[]prep.\uf035在……之中,……之一(三者或三者以上)amongthem在他们当中（很多人之中）160.betweenthem左右各一个人限定性定语从句/非限定性定语从句如果是有逗号的是非限定性定语从句,没有逗号的是限定性定语从句，非限定性定语从句不可以用that，限定性定语从句少了后面的句子,这句话意思不完整,非限定性定语从句前面的句子完整,后面的句子起着补充说明的作用，非限定性定语从句一旦有逗号隔开,后面的句子和前面的句子关系不紧密,起补充作用。AmongthemwillbeDebbie\'smother.这句是一个倒装句，正常的语序应为Debbie’smotherwillbeamongthem.倒装句：地点+will+名词常见的倒装句：Hereyouare./Hereismyticket.全部倒装：地点(介词短语或副词)+动词+名词倒装句型中如果主语是名词,放在动词后面,如果是代词,放在动词前面,如Hereyouare.在运动场上常用的口语：Welltogo./Welldone./Yea!/Yeah!bingo[]int.(\uf035因出乎意料的成功而表示兴奋的叫声)瞧!Go！加油【LetterWriting】当书写地址时，常常不写地区或邮区的全称。有时只写名称的一部分或只用大写字母。如：Berkshire写成Berks.，California写成Calif.，NorthWest3缩写成N.W.3，NewYork缩写成N.Y.。【Keystructure】将来时表示将来的结构：beto①beaboutto②begoingto③表将来intendtodosth.④＝begoingtodosth.打算做某事Iintendtohaveacompany.=Iamgoingtohaveacompany.plantodosth.⑤计划做某事meantodosth.⑥打算做某事:Whatdoyoumeantodo(intendtodo)?aimtodosth.⑦打算做某事Iwilldosth.⑧＝Iintendtodosth.plantodo/meantodo/aimtodo/hopetodo/wanttodo这类词本身没有将来时态,本身就表示将来,用一般现在时表示将来时begoingto常用于口语中，在正式的书面语中通常用will而不用begoingto。在陈述句和疑问句中,常常可用begoingto来替代shall或will。但有时不能用begoingto代替shall或will：Youwillenjoyyourselfifyoutravelbysea.如果你乘船旅游,你会玩得很开心的.在非正式语体下，要表示意图、打算，强调计划和安排，表示说话人也许对即将发生的事预先有所了解时，一般用begoingto而不用will：Whatdoyouintendtodoathome?I’mgoingtowatchTV.They’regoingtobemarriedsoon.161.如果表示说话时决定去做某事，或者表示建议、请求、肯定或不肯定等含义时，要用will而不用begoingto：Youwon’tforgettobringsomethingtosleepin,willyou?（表示建议）Don’tworry!I’llbringasleepingbag.（表示决定）Ishan’tbeabletolookafterthebabyandcooklunch.（表示肯定）I’lllookafterthebabywhileyoucooklunch.（表示决定）TomorrowwillbeTuesday.【SpecialDifficulties】Watch,Lookat,FollowWatch(somethinghappening)观看(正在发生的事情)，注视，注意看Doyouhavetowatchmeeatingmysupper?你非得看我吃晚饭吗？Howlonghaveyoubeenwatchingtherace?Lookat仔细看，（留意）看Lookattheblackboard.看黑板。Follow(goafter)跟随(走在后面)Ifollowedmymotherintothekitchen.我跟着母亲走进厨房.Thedogfollowedmeallthewayhome.在特定的时候，follow也可以表示注视，即用目光“跟随”：Haveyoueverseenacatfollow/watchabird’severymovement?你有没有见过猫注视鸟的一举一动？Solid,Firm,StableSolid(notliquid)固体的(非流体的)，硬的(固体)；结实的，坚固的（指家具、建筑物等）Thisisasolidtable.这张桌子很结实。Firm(notloose)①稳固的(不松动)，不会更改的，牢固的I\'vefixedthathook.Itisfirmnow.我把鱼钩固定好了,现在它很牢固.Thistableisfirm.Youcanstandonit.(notdoubtful)(②无疑)表示态度、信念等坚定的、坚决的Hegavemeafirmrefusal.他断然拒绝.Heisfirmaboutgoingabroad.在出国这件事上他态度很坚决。(notlenient)③严格的，严厉的Youmustbeveryfirmwiththatchild.对那个孩子你一定要非常严格.Stable[](oftendescribingcharacter)\uf035坚定的，稳重的,可靠的，可信赖的（指人的性格）；稳定的，稳固的（指工作、机构、环境等）Heisaverystableperson.他是一个性格坚定的人.Heisnotaverystableperson.他不太稳重/可靠。I’mgladthatyou’vegotastablejobnow.Exercise练习用上面的词填空:1Icametoa______decisionandIwillnotchangemymind.2Istoodonthebridgeand______theboatspassingby.3MayI______yourphotographalbum?4Theiceinthepondisso______thatyoucanwalktoit.5Itriedtopersuadehimbutheremained______.162.1.firmcometoadecision/makeadecision下定决心cometoaconclusion得出结论(conclusion[]n.\uf035结束,缔结,结论)2.watchedwatchsb.doingsth.(句型结构)3.lookat4.sosolid如此的坚硬Theiceinthepondissolidenoughtowalkon.(不加“it”)=Theiceinthepondissosolidthatyoucanwalkonit.Theroomiscleanenoughtolivein.=Theroomissocleanthatwecanlivethere.5.firm.(不改变主意的用“firm”)【Multiplechoicequestions】3Sheissuretosucceed.Manypeoplefeelsure___d___it.a.tob.forc.ind.ofsureof+n；suretodosth.；surethat…4Hewillbewatchingheranxiously___c___sheswimsthelongdistancetoEngland.a.thoughmeanwhileb.meanwhilec.whiled.duringas由于；当……时候（＝when,while）duringprep.在……期间，后面不会加句子thoughmeanwhile虽然,有转折的意思meanwhile＝atthesametime=meantimen.其间,其时；adv.其间howeveradv.然而（副词只能修饰句子或动词,起修饰作用）8Debbiehopesto___b___anewworldrecord.a.dob.makec.buildd.fixsetuparecord=makearecord破记录9Sheissuretosucceed.She\'ssuretobe___a___.a.successfulb.successc.successiond.asuccessionsuccession[]n.\uf035连续,继承,继任者,演替,[农业]轮栽,连续性be+adj.系表结构be+n.前者＝后者(前者和后者是等号关系)Lesson37TheOlympicGames【Newwordsandexpressions】（9）Olympicadj.奥林匹克的holdv.召开governmentn.政府immenseadj.巨大的stadiumn.露天体育场163.standardn.标准capitaln.首都fantasticadj.巨大的designv.设计Olympicadj.★奥林匹克的theOlympicgames奥林匹克运动会（简称theGames，一般大型运动会用games)hold(held★，held)v.召开vt.①拿着，抓住，抱住PleaseholdthebadywhileItakeoffmycoat.Whyareyouholdingmybag?②容纳，装得下，包含Thiscupcan’tholdmuchwater.这杯子装不了多少水。Thestadiumcanhold20,000people.③举行，进行（会议、会谈等）；庆祝（节日）；纪念haveameeting=holdameeting召开会议hold习惯用被动：TheOlympicgameswillbeheldinChinain2008.(twothousandeight)AfestivalisheldatEdinburgheveryyear.节日庆典每年在爱丁堡举行一次.Wearegoingtoholdameetingtomorrowtodiscussthesubject.明天我们准备开一次会来讨论这个议题.ThenextconferencewillbeheldinGeneva.下次会议将在日内瓦举行.immense[\uf069\uf035\uf06d\uf065\uf06e\uf073]adj.★\uf035巨大的fantasticadj.★巨大的immenseadj.极大的,无边的,一望无际的Theuniverseisimmense.immenseoceanbigadj.（一般的）大的bigman大人物largeadj.数量的大,尺寸的大largeman大块头greatadj.伟大的,重要的greatman伟人huge[\uf068\uf06a\uf075\uf03a\uf064\uf056]adj.(体积的)巨大的,庞大，极大的,无限的fantastic[\uf066\uf041\uf06e\uf035\uf074\uf041\uf073\uf074\uf069\uf06b]adj.巨大的(建筑等，表惊叹)，好极的,宏伟的stadiumn.★露天体育场playgroundn.操场sportsfield运动场,体育场（sports各种各样的运动）gymnasium[]=gym[\uf064\uf056\uf069\uf06d]n.\uf035\uf035健身房，体育馆；体育篮球场gym；足球场stadiumstandardn.★标准highstandard高标准164.Olympic-standard奥林匹克标准(运动会中的最高标准)（复合形容词：形容词+名词）capitaln.★首都capitaladj.大写的,重要的capitalpunishment极刑(punishment[]n.\uf035惩罚,处罚,惩处)hotseat电椅（国外的极刑）designv.★设计vt.&vi.①设计图样Georgehasdesignedanewbridge.vt.&vi.②打算（做……），计划Hedesignedtoenterforthecompetition.Thisbookisdesignedforforeigntourist.n.③图样，图纸；设计Susanhasjustdrawnadesignforanewdress.Hereisthedesignofthenewhouse.designern.设计师well－designed设计不错的（复合形容词：副词+过去分词）【Text】TheOlympicGameswillbeheldinourcountryinfouryears\'time.Asagreatmanypeoplewillbevisitingthecountry,thegovernmentwillbebuildingnewhotels,animmensestadium,andanewOlympic-standardswimmingpool.Theywillalsobebuildingnewroadsandaspecialrailwayline.TheGameswillbeheldjustoutsidethecapitalandthewholeareawillbecalled\'OlympicCity\'.Workerswillhavecompletedthenewroadsbytheendofthisyear.Bytheendofnextyear,theywillhavefinishedworkonthenewstadium.ThefantasticmodernbuildingshavebeendesignedbyKurtGunter.Everybodywillbewatchinganxiouslyasthenewbuildingsgoup.WeareallveryexcitedandarelookingforwardtotheOlympicGamesbecausetheyhaveneverbeenheldbeforeinthiscountry.参考译文4年以后,奥林匹克运动会将在我们国家举行.由于将有大批的人到我们国家来,所以政府准备建造一些新的饭店、一个大型体育场和一个新的奥运会标准游泳池.他们还将修筑一些新的道路和一条铁路专线.奥运会就在首都市郊举办,整个地区将被称作“奥林匹克城”.工人们将在今年年底前把新路铺好;到明年年底,他们将把新体育场建成.这些巨大的现代化建筑是由库尔特·冈特设计的.大家都将急切地注视着新建筑的建成.我们都非常激动,盼望着奥运会的到来,因为在这个国家里还从未举办过奥运会.【课文讲解】1、TheOlympicGameswillbeheldinourcountryinfouryears\'time.infouryears’time四年之后（in常与将来时连用表示“……时间之后”）Hewillbebackintenminutesorhalfanhour.fouryearslater四年后fouryearsago四年前2、Asagreatmanypeoplewillbevisitingthecountry,thegovernmentwillbebuildingnewhotels,animmensestadium,andanewOlympic-standardswimmingpool.165.as/because原因，as是连词，引出原因状语从句，as用于表示原因时通常位于句首，它所表明的原因对于讲话对象可能是已知的，因此没必要再予以强调。because任何时候都可代替as，来说明一种或几种原因，但as则不一定总能代替because。because一般跟在主句后面，强调讲话的对象可能不知道的原因。Asyoucan’ttypetheletteryourself,you’llhavetoaskSusantodoitforyou.Jim’stryingtosavemoremoneybecausehewantstobuyacar.alargenumberofpeople=agreatmanypeople大批的人animmensestadium一个大型体育场anewOlympic-standardswimmingpool一个新的奥运会标准的游泳池3、Theywillalsobebuildingnewroadsandaspecialrailwayline.bebuilding修建aspecialrailway-line专线铁路4、Workerswillhavecompletedthenewroadsbytheendofthisyear.bytheendofthisyear到今年年底前bytheendofnextyear到明年年底前by是完成时的标志,表示“到……为止，在……之前，并不晚于某时的任何时间”，不能与表示一段时间的名词名词连用，只能与表示时间点的名词或词组连用，用于肯定句与用于否定句有一定区别。I’llhaveleftbyMonday.到星期一我将已离开。（星期一之前的任何时间）Iwon’thaveleftbyMonday.我星期一之前不会离开。（星期一还在）5、Everybodywillbewatchinganxiouslyasthenewbuildingsgoup.as是连词，相当于while，当“当，正值”讲，引出时间状语从句，它引导的从句虽然表示将来的动作但要用一般现在时，不能用“…willgoup”bebuilt强调建造；goup（建筑物）被兴建起来，拔地而起Manynewhousesaregoingupinthisdistrict.6、WeareallveryexcitedandarelookingforwardtotheOlympicGamesbecausetheyhaveneverbeenheldbeforeinthiscountry.lookforwardto+n./pron./doingsth.(很高兴的)盼望，期待lookforwardto…与expect(期待)的区别是expect没有高不高兴的成分Lookforwardtoyourletter.【LetterWriting】在信的地址下面必须写上完整的日期。日期有两种写法，如：17thApril,19-；April17th19-，数字写法如下：1st（1日）；2nd（2日）；3rd（3日）；4th（4日）等。【Keystructures】一般将来完成时一般将来时除了可以用来预言将来发生的事以外，还可以表示“意愿”，如允诺、建议、请求、提议等。Theradiohasn’tbeenmendedyet.Nevermind!I’llmenditforyou.（允诺）Willyouopenthedoorformeplease!（请求）Shallwegoforaswimtomorrow?（建议）将来进行时除了表示最近或不久的将来正在进行的动作外，还可以表示计划或安排好的事：166.Agreatmanypeoplewillbevisitingthecountry.将来完成时用于表示到将来某一时刻已经完成的动作。将来完成时由willhave+过去分词构成。它常与by和not…till/until+表示时间的名词连用。Ihopethey’llhavefinisheditintimeforthejourney.Iexpectyouwillhavechangedyourmindbytomorrow.Iwillhavefinishedituntil/tilltomorrow.现在完成式:到现在某一点时间为止过去完成式:到过去某一点时间为止将来完成式:到将来某一点时间为止,某个动作已经发生【SpecialDifficulties】Look的短语Lookforwardto(expectwithpleasure)(高兴地)盼望，期待着（to为介词后面只能跟名词、代词和动名词，不能接动词原形）Iamlookingforwardtothesummerholidays.我正盼望暑假的到来.Ilookforwardtoseeingtoyouduringtheweekend.Lookout(becareful)当心(注意)，留神Lookout!Abusiscoming.当心点,公共汽车来了.Youshouldalwayslookoutwhenyouwalkacrossaroad.Lookoutof朝外看Don’tlookoutofthewindow.Lookup(getinformationfromareferencebook)①查阅(从参考书中获取资料)Idon\'tunderstandthisword.Ishalllookitupinadictionary.我不懂这个词的词义,我要查一下字典.(visit)②拜访，看望Don\'tforgettolookmeupwhenyoureturn.回来时别忘了来看我.I’mgoingtolookupMarythisafternoon.Exercise练习用hold或look的正确形式填空:4Thestudents\'union______aninterestingdebateoncapitalpunishmentyesterday.5MyfriendIngridlivesinStockholm.Whydon\'tyou______her______whenyou\'rethere?6Examinationswillbe______nextweek.I\'mnot______them.4.helddebateon…辩论……（debate[]v.\uf035争论,辩论；n.争论,辩论）union[]n.\uf035联合，合并，结合，联盟，协会口语过程三步：dialogue(对话)；discussion(讨论)；debate(争论)capitaln.首都；大写5.look(her)uplook(sb.)up:拜访,看看,在英文中并不一定是很正式的,只是去看看的意思6.held；lookingforwardtoholdanexam举行考试taketheexam接受考试【Multiplechoicequestions】167.4Bytheendofnextyeartheywillhavefinishedthenewstadium.Thismeanstheywillfinishit___b___theendofnextyear.a.atb.beforec.afterd.longbeforeby=before到……为止,在……之前,不迟于longbefore在之前很久7WearelookingforwardtotheOlympicGames,___a___theyhaveneverbeenheldbeforeinthiscountry.a.forb.whyc.becauseofd.duetobecause强调后面的是原因，后跟句子becauseof因为……（介词短语，不会加句子）why不能直接做连词dueto+名词由于……（介词短语，不会加句子）Hissuccessisduetohishardwork.12WearelookingforwardtotheGames.Sowewillbe___a___whentheybegin.a.pleasedb.unhappyc.sorryd.impatientbepleased感到高兴地,令人满意地bepleasedtodosth.乐于做某事impatient[]adj.\uf035不耐烦的,急躁的,不耐心的Lesson38Everythingexcepttheweather【Newwordsandexpressions】（6）exceptprep.除了Mediterraneann.地中海complainv.抱怨continuallyadv.不断地bitterlyadv.刺骨地sunshinen.阳光Mediterranean[\uf06d\uf065\uf064\uf069\uf074\uf045\uf035\uf072\uf065\uf069\uf06e\uf06a\uf045\uf06e]n.(the~)★\uf037\uf035地中海Mediterraneann.地中海（=Mediterraneansea,位于欧,亚,非三大洲之间），地中海沿岸的居民；adj.地中海的,地中海民族的complainv.★抱怨complaintosb.向某人抱怨complainof/aboutsth.抱怨某事continually[\uf06b\uf045\uf06e\uf035\uf074\uf049\uf06e\uf06a\uf04a\uf045\uf06c\uf049]adv.★\uf035不断地continuallyadv.连续地,频繁地(时断时续)Thebabycrycontinually.continuously[]adj.\uf035连续不断地continue[]v.\uf035继续,连续,延伸bitterlyadv.★刺骨地168.bitterlydisappointed彻底的失望（disappoint[]vt.\uf037\uf035使失望）Iambitterlydisappointed.bitterlycold刺骨地寒冷It’sbitterlycold.（chillyadj.寒冷的）sunshinen.★阳光也可直接用“sun”表示阳光adropofsunshine一缕阳光（adropof一缕）【Text】Myoldfriend,Harrison,hadlivedintheMediterraneanformanyyearsbeforehereturnedtoEngland.HehadoftendreamedofretiringinEnglandandhadplannedtosettledowninthecountry.Hehadnosoonerreturnedthanheboughtahouseandwenttolivethere.Almostimmediatelyhebegantocomplainabouttheweather,foreventhoughitwasstillsummer,itrainedcontinuallyanditwasoftenbitterlycold.Aftersomanyyearsofsunshine,Harrisongotashock.HeactedasifhehadneverlivedinEnglandbefore.Intheend,itwasmorethanhecouldbear.Hehadhardlyhadtimetosettledownwhenhesoldthehouseandleftthecountry.Thedreamhehadhadforsomanyyearsendedthere.Harrisonhadthoughtofeverythingexcepttheweather.参考译文我的老朋友哈里森在回到英国以前曾多年居住在地中海地区。过去他常幻想退休后到英国，并计划在乡间安顿下来。他刚一回到英国便买下了一幢房子住了进去。但紧接着他就开始抱怨那里的天气了。因为即使那时仍为夏季，但雨总是下个不停，而且常常冷得厉害。在阳光下生活了那么多年的哈里森对此感到惊奇。他的举动就好像他从未在英国生活过一样。最后，他再也忍受不住，还没等安顿下来就卖掉了房子，离开了这个国家。他多年来的幻想从此破灭。哈里森把每件事情都考虑到了，唯独没想到天气。【课文讲解】1、HehadoftendreamedofretiringinEnglandandhadplannedtosettledowninthecountry.dreamof…想,梦见(梦想)，幻想，向往Frankusedtodreamofhavingacarofhisown.thinkof…想(思维的活动),考虑settledown定居，安身，安顿Aftertwoyearsoftraveling,Iwanttosettledownnow.2、Hehadnosoonerreturnedthanheboughtahouseandwenttolivethere.nosooner…than…一……就……（关联词，引导时间状语从句，主句里常用过去完成时，than后面的从句用一般过去时），相同用法的还有assoonas，themoment，ondoinghadnosoonerdone…than+一般过去时,固定用法(时态结构:完成时态+than+一般过去时)Hehadnosoonerarrivedthanhecalledmeup.nosooner放在句首就要倒装Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhecalledmeup.(倒装)3、Almostimmediatelyhebegantocomplainabouttheweather,foreventhoughitwasstillsummer,itrainedcontinuallyanditwasoftenbitterlycold.almostimmediately几乎马上,很快地(时间上的快,常用于写作)for（连词）表示因为(解释说明,附加的)＝because因为（一定要说的原因），for与because不同，不能用于句首，并且在for后面必须重复主语：169.Idon’thaveacar,forIcan’taffordit.eventhough=evenif即使，虽然（引导让步状语从句）EventhoughIcamehere,mymindwasabsent.尽管我人来了,但我还是心不在焉4、Aftersomanyyearsofsunshine,Harrisongotashock.somanyyears这么多年afteritrainedfordays=aftersomanydaysofrain在这么多天雨之后Aftersevenyearsofhardwork,hewassuccessful.Aftertenyearsofstayinginabroad,hedecidedtoreturnandsettledown.gotashock吓了一跳,吃了一惊5、HeactedasifhehadneverlivedinEnglandbefore.asif+句子似乎,好像（引导表示方式的状语从句，如果从句为过去完成时则是虚拟语气，描述与事实相反,后面的条件是假的）Heactedasifhewaspoor.(asif后是真是假,应根据上下文来看)Myleghurtsasifitwasbroken.连词asif/though引导方式状语从句，通常跟在描述行为举止的动词之后，如act，appear，feel，look，smell，sound等后面：Sheactedasifsheweremad.（虚拟语气）Itfeelsasif/thoughit’sgoingtorain.6、Intheend,itwasmorethanhecouldbear.morethan在这里表示“超过……的范围”ThispieceofnewsismorethanIcanbelieve.ItwasmorethanIcouldunderstand.Ican\'taffardit.＝ItwasmorethanIcanaffard.这种用法与它通常表示“比……更多”的用法稍有不同：Thereweremorethantenpeopleintheroom.7、Hehadhardlyhadtimetosettledownwhenhesoldthehouseandleftthecountry.hardly…when…还没来得及……就……，用法同nosooner…thanhardlyhadsb.donewhen…(hardly在句首,要倒装)Hehadhardlyopenedhiseyeswhenhewasknockedout.（knockout:打晕,击倒）havetimetodosth.有时间做某事Ihavenotimetotalkwithyou.我没时间和你说话Ihavetimeenoughtohavecoffee.我有足够的时间喝咖啡【Composition】1Heboughtanoldcar.Itwasinaverybadstate.(but)2Theenginewaswornout.Thegearboxwasfullofsawdust.(Theengine…notonly…but…aswell)3Hecouldnotdriveit.Hecouldnosellit.Hecouldnotevengiveitaway.(neither…nor…nor)1.inabadstate状态不太好though虽然,eventhough＝evenif即使，这些词出现在两句之间,就不再加but，2.Theenginewasnotonlywornoutbutthegearboxwasfullofsawdust.wornout破旧不堪的170.engine[]n.\uf035发动机,机车,火车头gearbox[]n.\uf035变速箱sawdust[]n.\uf035锯屑,木头屑子（saw[\uf073\uf043\uf03a]n.锯；v.锯）notonly出现在句首要倒装,一般不会放在句首3.Hecouldneitherdriveitnorsellitnorevengiveitaway.Hecouldneitherdriveitnorsellitevennorgiveitaway.(这样写更好)neitherdosth.nordosth.nordosth.既不能也不能更不能【Letterwriting】日期：每年下列月份写出全称：3月，4月，5月，6月和7月，剩余的月份写成：Jan.(1月)；Feb.(2月)；Aug.(8月)；Sept.(9月)；Oct.(10月)；Nov.(11月)和Dec.(12月)。【Keystructures】过去完成时过去完成时经常与一般过去时连用，表示过去某个动作发生前完成的动作。与过去完成时连用的表示时间的词或词组有when，after，assoonas，(not)until，bythattime，(never)before，already，for，since，just，nosooner…than，hardly…when等。过去完成时不能与副词ago连用（ago只能与一般过去时连用）。Hehadn’tfinisheditbyyesterdayevening.到昨天晚上他还没做完。I’dneverflownaplaneatalluntilIflewthisone!在驾驶这架飞机之前我从来没有驾驶过飞机！【SpecialDifficulties】Nosooner…thanandHardly…whennosooner…than(一……就……)；hardly…when(几乎未来得及……就……)这两组连词意义都和assoonas相近，但比assoonas正式。它们通常都与过去完成时连用。当nosooner和hardly位于句首时，后面的主谓结构都要颠倒顺序，即句子变为nosooner/hardly+助动词+主语+动词形式的语序。Nosoonerhadhebegunspeakingthanhewasinterrupted.他刚一开始讲话就被打断了。Hardlyhadhegotintothebuswhenitbeganmoving.CountryandCountrysidecountryn.国家，祖国；乡下（做“乡下”讲时常与the连用）Whichcountrydoyoucomefrom?Hehadplannedtosettledowninthecountry.countrysiden.农村地区（强调景色），乡下ThecountrysidearoundViennaisverybeautiful.维也纳周围的乡村非常漂亮.Igrewupinthecountryside.ContinuouslyandContinuallycontinuouslyadv.不断地，连续地（指动作中间没有间断）Youmustn’twatchTVforsuchalongtimecontinuously.Thisplanecanflycontinuoulslyfortwentyhours.continuallyadv.频繁地，反复地（指动作中间有间断但又持续很久）Itrainedcontinually.天频繁地下雨。Theriverflowsunderthisbridgecontinuously.河水不停地从桥下流过.171.【Multiplechoicequestions】4Heacted___a___hehadneverlivedinEnglandbefore.a.asthoughb.likec.asd.evenifasif＝asthough作宾语，actasif/though习惯用法as后面可以加句子,like后面加词,asif加在后面只能作状语，evenif即使5Itwasmorethanhecouldbear.Hecouldn\'tbearit___c___.a.moreb.longerc.anylongerd.nomorenotanymore=notanylonger=notanyfurther不再notmore＝less比……少notlonger不是更长11He___d___asifhehadneverlivedinEnglandbefore.a.madeb.didc.conductedd.behaveddoasIdid按我所做的做seemasif看起来象……actasif行为象……一样lookasif看起来象……一样conduct＝behave可以做动词，表示行为，但conduct为不及物动词,如果作及物动词,加oneselfHeconductedhimselfwell.他表现的很好Hebehaved(as)well.Lesson39AmIallright?【Newwordsandexpressions】（10）operationn.手术successfuladj.成功的followingadj.下一个patientn.病人aloneadj.独自的exchangen.（电话的）交换台inquirev.询问，打听certainadj.某个callern.打电话的人relativen.亲戚followingadj.★下一个thenextday,thefollowingday第二天thenextweek,thefollowingweek第二个星期aloneadj.★独自的alone强调人孤单一个‘homealone’--《独自在家》Leavemealone.我烦着呢,别理我Leavehimalone.让他一个人呆会儿172.exchange[\uf069\uf06b\uf073\uf035\uf074\uf046\uf065\uf069\uf06e\uf064\uf056]n.(★\uf035电话的)交换局vt.①换，更换，调换（指同类事物之间）Iwanttoexchangetheredskirtforablueone.vt.②交换，互换ImetFrankatabusstopthisafternoonandweexchangedafewwords.Didyouexchangegiftsaftertheparty?n.③电话交换台HetelephonedthehospitalexchangeandaskedforDoctorMillington.inquirev.★询问,打听vt.&vi.①打听，询问AMr.Wanginquiredyourtelephonenumber.一位王先生打听您的电话号码。inquiresth.ofsb.从某人那打听insquireaboutsth.打听某事Hewantedtoinquireaboutacertainpatient.vi.②调查，查问Hedidn’ttellthetruthwhenthepoliceinquiredintotheaccident.vi.③求见（某人），要找（某人）Sheinquiredforthemanager.她想见经理。certainadj.★某个certain后面的名词的数量由它前面的数词来定某一个acertain+n.（单数）acertainpatient=somepatient某个病人某两个twocertain+n.(复数)twocertainpatientsome+可数名词单数时表示某个(某一个)forsomereason由于某个理由【Text】WhileJohnGilbertwasinhospital,heaskedhisdoctortotellhimwhetherhisoperationhadbeensuccessful,butthedoctorrefusedtodoso.Thefollowingday,thepatientaskedforabedsidetelephone.Whenhewasalone,hetelephonedthehospitalexchangeandaskedforDoctorMillington.Whenthedoctoransweredthephone,Mr.Gilbertsaidhewasinquiringaboutacertainpatient,aMr.JohnGilbert.HeaskedifMr.Gilbert\'soperationhadbeensuccessfulandthedoctortoldhimthatithadbeen.HethenaskedwhenMr.Gilbertwouldbeallowedtogohomeandthedoctortoldhimthathewouldhavetostayinhosptialforanothertwoweeks.ThenDr.Millingtonaskedthecallerifhewasarelativeofthepatient.\'No,\'thepatientanswered,\'IamMr.JohnGilbert.\'参考译文当约翰·吉尔伯特住院的时候,他问医生他的手术是否成功,但医生拒绝告诉他.第二天,这位病人要了一部床头电话.当房里只剩他一个人时,他挂通了医院的交换台,要求与米灵顿医生讲话.当这位医生接过电话时,吉尔伯特先生说他想询问一个病人的情况,是一位名叫约翰·吉尔伯特的先生.他问吉尔伯特先生的手术是否成功,医生告诉他手术很成功.然后他又问吉尔伯特先生什么时候可以回家,医生说他在医院还必须再住上两个星期.之后,米灵顿医生问打电话的人是否是病人的亲属.“不是,“病人回答说,“我就是约翰·173.吉尔伯特先生.“【课文讲解】1、AmIallright?allright当指人的健康状况时，可表示“安然无恙的，良好的”Iwasnotverywelllastweek,butIfeelallrightnow.2、WhileJohnGilbertwasinhospital,heaskedhisdoctortotellhimwhetherhisoperationhadbeensuccessful,butthedoctorrefusedtodoso.So在这里是代词，代替前面的动词不定式（totellhimwhether…）。它一般出现believe，do，expect，hope，say，tell，think，appear等之后：IsittruethatJohnhashadanoperation?Iamafraidso./Ibelieveso./Ithinkso./Itseemsso.3、Thefollowingday,thepatientaskedforabedsidetelephone.thefollowingday=thenextday，这里following表示“紧接着的，其次的”。askfor请求，索要，要求（得到某个东西）。在下一句（…askedforDoctorMillington）中它表示“要求（某人）来（接电话）”。bedsidetelephone床头电话4、Whenthedoctoransweredthephone,Mr.Gilbertsaidhewasinquiringaboutacertainpatient,aMr.JohnGilbert.Certain在这里没有“肯定的，确实的”等含义，而表示“某一，某位”，暗指说话者或说话对象可能对这人/这事不大清楚/熟悉，或所指的这个人身份不大清楚：MaryyearsagoacertaindoctorarrivedinLondon.aMr.JohnGilbert一位名叫约翰.吉尔伯特的先生a+人名前面,表示某一个拥有这个特征的人或我不认识的某某人，这种情况下a通常与表示“某一”的certain连用：HeisaLeifeng.表示具有雷锋的特征AcertainMrs.Hartiswaitingtoseeyou.有位哈特夫人正等着见您。5、HethenaskedwhenMr.Gilbertwouldbeallowedtogohomeandthedoctortoldhimthathewouldhavetostayinhosptialforanothertwoweeks.foranothertwoweeks又两个星期another作为限定词表示“另一个，再一个”的时候，通常与可数的单数名词连用，不和复数形式连用；但是后面可以跟基数词/few+复数名词（它们被当成一个整体）：Ineedanotherthreedrivinglessonsbeforemytest.考试前我还需上3节驾驶课。IneedanotherfewhoursbeforeIcanfinishmyhomework.我还需几个小时才能做完作业。【Keystructures】直接引语和间接引语直接引语的疑问句变为间接引语的疑问句时引号和问号不再使用，且直接疑问句中的倒装语序在转述174.疑问句里要还原为陈述句语序（主语+动词），有必要还要改变时态。转述一般疑问句时必须使用if或whether，不可省略，助动词do/does和did在转述疑问句里消失了。Sheaskedif/whetheryouweretired.她问你是否感到疲劳.ask，wanttoknow，wonder等后面的if和whether通常可以互换，但是whether表示的怀疑程度比if稍大。Iwonderif/whetherhe’sphonedthedoctor.在表示两者挑一时更常用whether：SheaskedmewhetherIwantedteaorcoffee.转述疑问句中带有ornot时，通常用whether引导，不用if引导：Hewantstoknowwhetherornotwewantdinner.Didthechildrensaythey’deaten?他们没告诉我他们吃了没有。在转述特殊疑问句时，通常用原来的疑问词。在针对主语提问的间接疑问句中，时态和情态助动词照常有变化，但语序保持不变。Tomaskedif/whetherJackwouldarrivethenextday.汤姆问杰克第二天是否能到.JaneaskedwhyIhadn\'twrittentoher.简问为什么我不给她写信.如果直接引语是问句，变为间接引语时，主句不说Hesaid，而用Heasked；told可以后跟问句，还可以跟陈述句：直接引语是表示命令、请求、建议的祈使句通常可用适当的动词后跟不定式来转述，常用的这类动词有advise，ask，tell，order，command，warm，invite等，这些动词后往往有间接宾语，在转述这类祈使句的否定形式时，必须将not放在带to的不定式之前：Shereminded/toldmetoturnoffallthelights.Theteacherwastelling/ordering/commandingherstudentstoclosetheirbooks.tellsb.todosth.Theteachertoldme(not)toopenthedoor.asksb.todosth.动词suggest和insist用于转述建议、要求时，其结构为suggest/insist+that从句（用should）：Hesuggeststhattheyshouldselltheflat.Ihopetheywon’tselltheflat.Hestillinsistedthatweshouldhelphim.【Multiplechoicequestions】3JohnGilbertwasinhospital.Hewastaken___c___hospitallastweek.a.atb.inc.tod.ontakesb.tohospital送某人去医院5___d___?Abedsidetelephone.a.Forwhatdidheaskb.Whatdidheaskc.Forwhatdidheaskford.Whatdidheaskforforwhat因为……（在疑问句中＝why）Forwhatdidheask?他为什么要?askfor要求得到7Hewillhavetostayinhospital.That\'swhathe___b___.a.hasdoneb.mustdoc.mustbedoingd.musthavedonea、hasdone已经做的；b、mustdo必须做的；c、mustbedoingmust+v.(原形)＝haveto不得不；很可能（对现在或者将来的推测）must+原形,+bedoing,+havedone属于推测句型的三种结构175.mustbedoing对说话的当时的正在进行的行为的推测Hemustbesleeping.Hemustbemakingthenotes.musthavedone对过去的事情的推测Hemusthavemadethenotes.musthavebeendoing对过去的正在进行的动作的推测Hemusthavebeensleeping.11Hewasalone.Hewas___a___.a.onhisownb.lonelyc.withhimselfd.uniqueonone\'sown＝aloneofone\'sown某人自己的12Heinquiredaboutapatient.Hewanted___b___.a.informationsb.informationc.knowledgesd.knowledgeknowledge[]n.\uf035知识,学问,认识,知道,<古>学科informationn.信息（不可数名词）apieceofinformation一条信息message可数名词,如手机短信Lesson40Foodandtalk【Newwordsandexpressions】（6）hostessn.女主人unsmilingadj.不笑的，严肃的tightadj.紧身的fixv.凝视globen.地球despairn.绝望hostessn.★女主人hostn.男主人；v.作为主人,主办actorn.男演员；actressn.女演员unsmilingadj.★不笑的unsmilingadj.不笑的（un+smiling,但并不一定表示“严肃”）serious[]adj.\uf035严肃的,认真的,严重的Myfatherisserious.tightadj.★紧身的tightjeans紧身牛仔裤Theshoesaresmall/tight.(夹脚,很紧)tights[\uf074\uf061\uf049\uf074\uf073]n.贴身衬衣,紧身衣,女用连裤袜fixv.★凝视176.v.①使……固定、安装fixthepictureonthewallShefixedahandleonthedoor.fixon使（目光、注意力等）集中于，盯着fixone\'seyesonsth./one\'seyesbefixedonsth.盯着……目不转睛（习惯用被动）Alltheeyeswerefixedontheblackboard.所有的眼睛都盯着黑板v.②修理globen.★地球，球状物,如地球仪；adj.全球的globalproblem全球性的问题earthn.地球global“阁楼宝”，一种灭蟑螂的药名despairn.★绝望despair[]n.\uf035绝望,失望,令人失望的人(事物)；vi.绝望indespair绝望的sb./sth.isthedespairof………让……感到绝望Theboyisthedespairofhisparents.那男孩的父母对他感到绝望了。Thisboyishismother\'sdespair.这个男孩使他妈绝望了。Theexaminationwasthedespairofme.=Theexaminationwasmydespair.我对考试已经绝望了。disappoint[]vt.\uf037\uf035使失望【Text】Lastweekatadinnerparty,thehostessaskedmetositnexttoMrs.Rumbold.Mrs.Rumboldwasalarge,unsmilingladyinatightblackdress.ShedidnotevenlookupwhenItookmyseatbesideher.Hereyeswerefixedonherplateandinashorttime,shewasbusyeating.Itriedtomakeconversation.\'Anewplayiscomingto"TheGlobe"soon,\'Isaid.\'Willyoubeseeingit?\'\'No,\'sheanswered.\'Willyoubespendingyourholidaysabroadthisyear?\'Iasked.\'No,\'sheanswered.\'WillyoubestayinginEngland?\'Iasked.\'No,\'sheanswered.Indespair,Iaskedherwhethershewasenjoyingherdinner.\'Youngman,\'sheanswered,\'ifyouatemoreandtalkedless,wewouldbothenjoyourdinner!’参考译文在上星期的一次宴会上,女主人安排我坐在兰伯尔德夫人的身旁.兰伯尔德夫人是一位身材高大、表情严肃的女人,穿一件紧身的黑衣服.当我在她身旁坐下来的时候,她甚至连头都没有抬一下.她的眼睛盯着自己的盘子,不一会儿就忙着吃起来了.我试图找个话题和她聊聊.“一出新剧要来‘环球剧场’上演了,“我说,“您去看吗?”“不,“她回答.“您今年去国外度假吗?”我又问.“不,“她回答.“您就呆在英国吗?”我问.“不,“她回答.失望之中我问她饭是否吃得满意.177.“年轻人,“她回答说,“如果你多吃点,少说点,我们两个都会吃得好的!”【课文讲解】1、Lastweekatadinnerparty,thehostessaskedmetositnexttoMrs.Rumbold.dinner为不可数名词，“atadinnerparty”中的“a”并不修饰“dinner”而是“party”,havedinner不加“a”asksb.todosth.叫某人做某事nextto与……相邻，挨着（既可表示座位挨着也可以表示地理位置上挨着）sitnexttome坐我旁边There’safield/shopnexttoourhouse.2、Mrs.Rumboldwasalarge,unsmilingladyinatightblackdress.unsmiling表示badmix，很难与人融合。unsmiling的反义词为smiling（微笑的，喜气洋洋的）。有些形容词前面可以加上前缀un-来表示相反的意义：comfortable（舒服的）/uncomfortable（不舒服的），true（真实的）/untrue（不真实的），interesting（有趣的）/uninteresting（无趣味的，乏味的）。in在这里表示“穿着、戴着”：Ayoungmaninabluedressisinquiringforyou.（inquiringforsb.要找（某人），求见某人）3、ShedidnotevenlookupwhenItookmyseatbesideher.takeaseat坐下，比sit要正式Pleasetakeaseat.takeone’sseat表示位置事先已安排好Aftereveryonehadtakenhisseat,themeeting/dinner/partybegan.4、Hereyeswerefixedonherplateandinashorttime,shewasbusyeating.busy+doingsth.忙着做某事（doing前可以加in，也可以不加）We’reallbusy(in)gettingreadyfortheperformance.5、\'Anewplayiscomingto"TheGlobe"soon,\'Isaid.\'Willyoubeseeingit?\'Thenewfilmiscomingtothecinema./Anewplaywillbeonat‘TheGlobe’.即将上映Thefilmwillbeon.那部电影即将要上映6、\'ifyouatemoreandtalkedless,wewouldbothenjoyourdinner!’在并列句中，相同的句子成分（如主语、谓语、状语等）通常由同一词性的单词/词组表示，并且它们的长度也差不多，以保持句子的平衡性。Youcaneithergooutorstayhere.Hewantstobuyalotofthings,buthehaslittlemoney.他想买的东西很多，但他的钱很少。【Composition】1Sherefusedtoansweranyquestions.Shedidnotaskanyquestions.(notonly…but…either)2Shewasnotinterestedinthetheatre.Shewasnotinterestedintravel.(neither…nor)178.1Shenotonlyrefusedtoanswerquestionbutshedidnotaskanyquestioneither.=Shenotonlyrefusedtoanswerquestionbutasknoquestioneither.but…aswell可以加肯定也可以加否定；but…either只能加否定aswell,either在此句中可省略2Shewasinterestedinneitherthetheatrenortravel.=Shewasinterestedneitherinthetheatrenorintravel.(更好,介词短语的并列)【Keystructures】第2类条件句（虚拟条件句）第1类条件句，谈论将有可能发生的事情，并且考虑其将来的真实结果。主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时或其他形式的现在时。Ifyouhelpme,Iwillbegratefull.如果你帮我,我会感激你(正常语气)Ifitrains,Iwillnotgo.正常语气(不一定会去)第2类条件句，if从句谈论想象的情况（假设与现在事实相反），主句则推测想象的结果。从句使用一般过去时,主句使用would+动词原形。尽管第2类条件句使用过去时，却并非指过去的时间，所以，if之后的过去时用法常被称为“非真实的过去”，整个条件句也被称作非真实条件句。Ifyouhelpedme,Iwouldbegrateful.如果你帮了我,我会感激你(可惜你没有帮我,我不会感激你)Ifitrained,itwouldnotbehot.如果下雨,就不会这么热Ifyoucouldmakehimchangehismind,youwouldsavehimalotoftrouble.假如你能使他改变主意,你会使他免了许多麻烦.如果if从句中的动词是be,那么应该在第一和第三人称单数名词之后用were。IfIwereyou这种说法经常用于提出建议。IfIwereyou,I’daccepttheiroffer.IfIwereinyourposition,Iwouldactdifferently.假如我处于你的位置,我会采取不同的作法.第2类条件句有时也可代替第1类条件句来描述颇有可能发生的事情，但比第1类条件句较为“无把握”。Ifyouwentbytrain,youwouldgetthereearlier.Ifyougobytrain,youwillgetthereearlier.第2类条件句经常用来描写完全不可能的事情。IfIhadlongerlegs,I’dbeabletorunfaster.【SpecialDifficulties】Make的用法及物动词make的原义为“制造”，但它经常用于一些固定的结构，最常见的为make+（冠词）+名词形式：makeprogress（取得进步）；makethebed（铺床）；makeconversation（找话题）；makeanoise（吵闹）；makeapromise（保证）；maketrouble（捣蛋，制造麻烦）；makemoney（挣钱）；makeaspeech（演讲）；makeamistake（犯错误）；makeupone\'smind（下定决心，拿定主意）Do的用法完全动词do也有一些固定短语：doone\'sbest（尽最大努力）；doone\'shomework（做作业）；dosb.afavour（帮忙）；doajob（干家务）；dowork（做家务）；doexercise（做练习）；dobusiness（做生意）179.do还可以与动名词连用：dosomeshopping（买东西，购物）；doswimming（游泳）；dosomereading（读书）【Multiplechoicequestions】4SheaskedmetositnexttoMrs.Rumbold.‘___c___nexttoher,’shesaid.a.Pleasetositb.Tositc.Pleasesitd.Pleasesittingasksb.todosth.祈使句,以动词原形为标志5Itookmyseatbesideher.I___a___besideher.a.satb.seatedc.wassittedd.wasseatingseat一定要加宾语,如果后面没宾语,就用seat的被动语态(及物动词):seatyourself/beseated是及物动词，sit是不及物动词,没有被动语态,后面不能加宾语，坐下：sitdown9Hereyeswerefixedontheplate.She___b___it.a.wasglancingatb.wasstaringatc.wasthinkingaboutd.wasstucktostuckto粘在……上面glanceat扫了一眼(glance[\uf05e\uf06c\uf042\uf03a\uf06e\uf073\uf03b\uf020\uf028\uf03f\uf040\uf029\uf020\uf05e\uf06c\uf041\uf06e\uf073])IglancedatitbutIdidn\'tpickitup.stareat=fixone\'seyeson盯着看(stare[\uf073\uf074\uf065\uf045\uf028\uf072\uf029])lookat从头来看see看见watchvt.观看(看活动的)watchTV/watchsb.doingnotice强调的是眼睛的注意,看一些别人不太注意的事情glimpseof/haveaglimpseof瞥了一眼catchsightof=see看见Icancatchsightofthebird.beinsight看见readv.阅读(看与文字有关的东西)readloudly,readaloud大声朗读,汉语中的读gothrough浏览12Areyouenjoyingyourdinner?Isit___d___?a.enjoyingyoub.amusingyouc.entertainingyoud.givingyoupleasureenjoysth.表示在后者当中得到了一种享受enjoy主语是人enjoyoneselfsth.amuse好笑entertainsb.娱乐amuse,entertain后面会加人entertainment[]n.\uf035款待,娱乐,娱乐表演Lesson41Doyoucallthatahat?【Newwordsandexpressions】（6）rudeadj.无礼的180.mirrorn.镜子holen.孔remarkv.评说remindv.提醒lighthousen.灯塔rudeadj.★无礼的（强调故意的）impoliteadj.不礼貌，表示没有注意到礼节性的问题,所以显得有些不礼貌（polite的反义词，以p开头的形容词的否定前缀为im）cheekyadj.无礼,没礼貌的（表示小孩对长辈）Don’tbecheeky!不得无礼!naive[]adj.\uf035天真的mirrorn.★镜子lookatoneselfinthemirror照镜子lookupsth.inthedictionary查字典mirrotof………的写照，……的真实反映Hisnovelisamirrorofhistime.他的小说就是他那个时代的真实写照holen.★孔holein+地点……（地方）有个洞remarkv.★评说remark主要指说,当say来理解remindv.★提醒vt.①提醒remindsb.ofsth./remindsb.todosth./remindsb.that…提醒某人做某事Heremindedhiswifethattheyneededtobuysomecoffeeandsugar.vt.②使……想起Thesmellofcabbageremindsmeofschool.卷心菜的气味使我想起了学校。Sheremindsmeofhersister.remindern.提醒物【Text】\'Doyoucallthatahat?\'Isaidtomywife.\'Youneedn\'tbesorudeaboutit,\'mywifeansweredasshelookedatherselfinthemirror.Isatdownononeofthosemodernchairswithholesinitandwaited.Wehadbeeninthehatshopforhalfanhourandmywifewasstillinfrontofthemirror.\'Wemustn\'tbuythingswedon\'tneed,\'Iremarkedsuddenly.Iregrettedsayingitalmostatonce.\'Youneedn\'thavesaidthat,\'mywifeanswered.\'Ineedn\'tremindyouofthatterribletieyouboughtyesterday.\'\'Ifinditbeautiful,\'Isaid.\'Amancanneverhavetoomanyties.\'\'Andawomancan\'thavetoomanyhats,\'sheanswered.Tenminuteslaterwewalkedoutoftheshoptogether.Mywifewaswearingahatthatlookedlikealighthouse!181.参考译文“你把那个叫帽子吗?”我对妻子说.“你说话没必要这样不客气,“我的妻子边回答边照着镜子.我坐在一个新式的满是网眼儿的椅子上,等待着.我们在这家帽店已经呆了半个小时了,而我的妻子仍在镜子面前.“我们不应该买我们不需要的东西,“我突然发表意见说,但马上又后悔说了这话.“你没必要这么说,“我妻子回答说,“我也不必提醒你昨天买的那条糟糕透了的领带.““我觉得它好看,“我说,“男人有多少领带也不会嫌多.““女人有多少帽子也不嫌多.“她回答.10分钟以后,我们一道走出了商店.我妻子戴着一顶像灯塔一样的帽子.【课文讲解】1、Doyoucallthatahat?“Doyoucallthat+（冠词）+名词”这个结构可以表达一种轻蔑的含义：Doyoucallthatahouse/adog?你把那个叫房子/狗吗？2、Youneedn\'tbesorudeaboutit.berudeaboutsth.对事很粗鲁berudetosb.对人很粗鲁Don\'tberudetome.别对我这么粗鲁3、Isatdownononeofthosemodernchairswithholesinitandwaited.onthechair在椅子上withholesinit作定语Janeputapieceofpaperwithhernameandaddressonitintoabottle.4、Wehadbeeninthehatshopforhalfanhourandmywifewasstillinfrontofthemirror.名词修饰名词,一般用单数：bookstore书店，drugstore药店,5、Iregrettedsayingitalmostatonce.regretdoingsth./名词/that从句后悔已经做了某事，表示对做过的事感到遗憾Didheregrethismistake?Inowregretleavingmycountry/thatIhaveleftmycountry.regrettodosth.表示对现在或将来要做的事感到对不起、遗憾，比besorrytodosth.要正式：Weregrettotellyouthatyouarenotwelcome.我很遗憾地告诉您，您不受欢迎。6、\'Youneedn\'thavesaidthat,\'mywifeanswered.\'Ineedn\'tremindyouofthatterribletieyouboughtyesterday.\'needn\'thavedone原本不必做,但是做了,强调过去的动作不必做Youneedn\'thaveboughtit.你原本不必买的Youneedn’thavecome.你原本不必来的。needn\'tdo现在的动作也不必做Youneedn’tcome.你不必来。182.remindsb.ofsth.提醒某人想起某事7、\'Ifinditbeautiful,\'Isaid.动词find经常用于“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”这种结构：You’llfinditdifficult/easytomakeconversationwithher.Ifindthisbookveryinteresting.8、Amancanneverhavetoomanyties.cannever…too…＝cannot…too…无论……也不为过Amancanneverhavetoomanyties.再多的领带对一个男人来说也不为过（男人有多少领带也不会嫌多）。Icanneverthankyoutoomuch.感激不尽。Drinkingwatercanneverbetooclean.饮用水越干净越好。Awifecannevercomplaintoomuch.妻子怎么罗嗦也不为过。Youcan’tbetoocarefulindoingyourwork.你工作越小心越好。【Keystructures】Must,Have(got)toandNeed情态动词must（必须，不得不）的否定式mustn\'t（不能、不准），must还可用于表示推测：①对现在和将来的推测：must+动词用原形②对正在发生的事情的推测：mustbedoing③对过去的推测：musthavedone④对过去正在发生的事情的推测：musthavebeendoing用must的一般疑问句可以用must/haveto或needn’t来回答，而不用mustn’t：MustIsetoffnow?Yes,youmust/haveto.No,youneedn’t.mustn’t表示绝对禁止，在说话人看来，根本没选择余地：Youmustn’tusethatbicycle.It’sbroken.“不必要”可用needn’t，don’thaveto来表示：needn’t=don’thavetoneedn’thavedone=didn’thavetoYouneedn’t/don’thavetoworksuchlonghours.英语中的need有两种词性，一个是普通动词（需要），一种是情态动词。need的否定形式对应也有两种：needn\'t不必（情态动词need的否定）；don\'tneed不需要（普通动词need的否定）。needI...?(情态)/doIneed...?实义动词在实义动词后面再加一个实义动词,就在后面加todoNeedIgoout?=DoIneedtogoout?我需要出去吗?Youneedn’thavetoldmethat.Iknowitis.情态动词后面不能直接用名词做宾语，实义动词后面可以直接加名词,故need后面如是名词,则这个need为实义动词例:He__c__followme.adoesn’tneedbneedn’ttocdidn’tneedtodneeds情态动词need后接动词原形，但只用于否定和疑问句，肯定句用must，haveto，oughtto或should。need用于疑问句时，问者往往希望得到否定的回答：Needyouleavesosoon?你有必要这么早就走吗？183.用need的一般疑问句的肯定形式的回答可以用must/hadto，否定形式的回答可以用needn’t：NeedItypethisletteragain?Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t.Needyouhavetoldhimaboutmyplans?Yes,Ihadto./No,Ineedn’thave.表示必要时，must的语气比need要强：Imustgotothedentistthismoring.这种句型可用来表示说话人让对方选择或允许对方可以不做某事的主观意图。它的完成式和过去式分别为needn’thave，didn’thaveto和didn’tneedto：Ineedn’thavegonetotheofficeyesterday.Ididn’thaveto/didn’tneedtogototheofficeyesterday.needdoingsth.需要被做（用主动表达被动含义）①这里need属于实义动词,动词ing相当于名词来理解②有时态和人称变化,否定式为:don’tneeddoing③needdoing表达被动含义,如:Yourshoesneedwashing.你的鞋子需(被)洗了另外wantdoing也是用主动表示被动含义，它们的主语一定是物,不是人Yourhairneedscuting.needtobedone---主语是人,也可以是物Thechildneedtobe…对比mustn\'t和needn\'t：Youmusn’treaditbed.It’sbadforyoureyes.（bebadfor…对……有害）Smokingisbadforyourhealth.抽烟有害你的健康Youmustn\'tmakeanoise.Thechildrenareasleep.你不应吵闹,孩子们都睡了.Youneedn\'tdrivesoquickly.Wehaveplentyoftime.你不必开得那么快,我们有足够的时间.=Youdon\'thaveto(haven\'tgotto)drivesoquickly.Wehaveplentyoftime.Youmustn\'tsmokeinatheatre.Itisforbidden.你不应该在剧场里抽烟,这是不允许的.Youneedn\'tcomewithusifyoudon\'twantto.如果你不想去,你不必和我们一道去.=Youdon\'thaveto(haven\'tgotto)comewithusifyoudon\'twantto.【SpecialDifficulties】Remark,ObserveandNoticeremark与observe都可以表示“说，评论说”，它们比say要正式：‘You’relookingverywell!’Sheremarked/observed.notice和observe都可以表示“注意到，察觉到”，但有一定区别。notice指无意中“察觉到”；observe则可以指有意观察、仔细地看，比notice更正式：Heobservedmecarefully.(Helookedatme.)他仔细地看着我.Didyounoticehowshewasdressed?你注意到她的穿戴了吗?I’venoticed/observedthathetelephonesheroftenerthanbefore.我发现/注意到他现在给她打电话比以前次数多了。Ididn’tnoticehisleaving.makeruderemark/callone\'sname/sayFwords(F指fuck)讲粗话，骂人Hemadealotofruderemarksaboutthehatshewaswearing.failtodosth.没有能够184.notfailto表示强烈地肯定Ihadchangedthefurnitureroundthatyoucannotfailtonotictit.我已经把周围的家具都换了。【Multiplechoicequestions】3Doyouhavetobuythishat?No,I___c___.Itisn\'tnecessary.a.mustn\'tb.won\'tc.needn\'td.don\'tneedDoyouhaveto...?Yes,Ido…/No,Idon\'t…/No,Idon\'thavetodosth.mustn\'t不准don\'thaveto不必=needn’tmust＝haveto必须英文中要么助动词之后所有的东西都省略,要么省到不定式标志,“don’tneedto”也对Wouldyouliketodosth?Yes,I\'dliketo./No,Idon\'t/No,Idon\'tneedto.(to不能省略)Doyouwanttogotoschool?Yes,Ido./Yes,Iwantto.Wouldyouliketoseethemenu?Yes,I\'dliketo.(后接动词)Wouldyoulikesomebananas?Yes,I’dlike.(后接名词)Doyouneedthehat?No,Idon’tneed.（不能为“Ineedn’t”，情态动词不能直接接名词“hat”）7Amancanneverhavetoomanyties.It\'s___b___.a.unableb.impossiblec.improbabled.incapablecannever＝can\'t不可能beable/unabletodosth.(unable[]adj.\uf035\uf035不能的,不会的)impossible不可能improbable不太可能probably很有可能incapable[]adj.\uf035无能力的,不能的becapableof/beincapableof8Shelookedinthemirrorandsawher___a___.a.reflectionb.idolc.imaginationd.picturereflection[]n.\uf035反射,映象,倒影,反省,沉思,反映（reflectv.发射）idol[]n.\uf035偶像,崇拜物,幻象,[逻]谬论imagination[]n.\uf037\uf035想象,空想,想象的事物,想象力,听觉picturen.照片,图象11Hiswifewaswearingahat.She___c___.a.wasdressingitb.wasputtingitonc.haditond.wascarryingitwear/dress/puton/haveon穿wear穿着（强调状态）dresssb.给某人穿衣服（强调动作）puton穿上（强调动作）havesth.on穿着（强调状态)(have……on让……东西在……上面)185.inagreencoatSheisinagreencoat.bein+衣服(状态)12Itlookedlikealighthouse.It___b___alighthouse.a.appearedsimilarb.resembledc.matchedd.likenedmatch与……相配liken[]vt.\uf035把……比作compare/likensthtoanotherthing把前者比作后者Welikenthehattoalighthouse.resemble[]vt.\uf035象,类似aresemblebappear显得Itappearedsimilartoalighthouse.similar与……相似besimilarto(to不能少)Lesson42Notverymusical【Newwordsandexpressions】（13）musicaladj.精通音乐的marketn.市场，集市snakecharmer玩蛇者（通常借音乐控制）pipen.（吹奏的）管乐器tunen.曲调glimpsen.一瞥snaken.蛇movementn.动作continuev.继续dancev.跳舞obviouslyadv.显然differencen.差别Indianadj.印度的marketn.★市场，集市n.①市场，集市WehadalongwalkthroughoneofthemarketsofOldDelhi.我们穿过旧德里的一个市场时走了很长一段路。n.②（商品的）市场，销路，需求（可数名词）marketfor………市场Theforeignmarketsforapplethisyeararenotasgoodaslastyear.Canyoufindamarketfortheseshoes?你能给这些鞋找到销路吗？pipen.★（吹奏的）管乐器pipen.两头通的东西,如下水管道,老爸的烟斗,或一节两头通的竹子都可以叫pipe186.glimpsen.★一瞥haveaglimpseof瞥了一眼，映入眼帘(犹如汉语中的“惊鸿一瞥”)(无意识的看)glanceat[\uf05e\uf06c\uf042\uf03a\uf06e\uf073\uf041\uf074]扫了一眼(有意识)movementn.★动作movev.移动（movement的动词）actionv.采取行动continuev.★继续begin/start/continuetodosth.begin/start/continuedoingsth.Icontinue(togo)/goingon.continue+sth.Let\'scontinueourtrip.Let\'scontinueourjourney.dance[\uf064\uf042\uf03a\uf06e\uf073\uf03b\uf020\uf028\uf03f\uf040\uf029\uf020\uf064\uf041\uf06e\uf073]v.★跳舞dancetothemusic随着音乐跳舞（固定搭配，用“to”）obviouslyadv.★显然obviously=clearlyObviouslyyouarewrong.ObviouslyIloveyou.differencen.★差别tellthedifferencebetweenAandB区别差异Canyoutellthedifferencebetweenthem?differentadj.不同的bedifferentfrom与……不同AisdifferentfromBdiffervi.不一致，不同【Text】AswehadhadalongwalkthroughoneofthemarketsofoldDelhi,westoppedatasquaretohavearest.Afteratime,wenoticedasnakecharmerwithtwolargebasketsattheothersideofthesquare,sowewenttohavealookathim.Assoonashesawus,hepickedupalongpipewhichwascoveredwithcoinsandopenedoneofthebaskets.Whenhebegantoplayatune,wehadourfirstglimpseofthesnake.Itroseoutofthebasketandbegantofollowthemovementsofthepipe.Wewereverymuchsurprisedwhenthesnakecharmersuddenlybegantoplayjazzandmodernpopsongs.Thesnake,however,continuedto\'dance\'slowly.ItobviouslycouldnottellthedifferencebetweenIndianmusicandjazz!参考译文当我们穿过旧德里的市场时走了很长一段路,我们在一个广场上停下来休息.过了一会儿,我们注意到广场的那一边有一个带着两个大筐的耍蛇人,于是就走过去看看.他一见我们,就拿起了一个长长的上面镶有硬币的管乐器,并掀开了一个筐的盖子.当他开始吹奏一支曲子时,我们才第一次看到那条蛇.它从筐里187.探出身子,随着乐器的摆动而扭动.当耍蛇人突然又吹奏起爵士乐和现代流行乐曲时,我们感到非常惊奇.然而那蛇却还是缓慢地“舞动”着.显然,它分辨不出印度音乐和爵士乐!【课文讲解】1、AswehadhadalongwalkthroughoneofthemarketsofoldDelhi,westoppedatasquaretohavearest.stoptodosth.停下其他活动去做不定式表示的动作Onthewaytothestation,Istoppedtobuyapaper.stopdoingsth.停止做某事I’vestoppedbuyingnewspapers.我已不再买报纸了。Howcanwestophimcomplaining?我们如何才能让他不抱怨呢？2、Whenhebegantoplayatune,wehadourfirstglimpseofthesnake.playatune（tune可数名词）；playmusic（music不可数名词）have/get/catcha(first)glimpseof…一瞥，一看ThisafternoonIcaught/got/hadaglimpseofDebbieandDanwalkingtogetherinthepark.takeaglimpseat瞥见Hetookaglimpseatthe‘NoParking’signsoutsideJasper’sgateandparkedhiscarthere.atthefirstsight一见钟情Iloveyouatthefirstsightofyou.3、Itroseoutofthebasketandbegantofollowthemovementsofthepipe.rise（rose，risen）vi.升raise（raised，raised）vt.提高4、Wewereverymuchsurprisedwhenthesnakecharmersuddenlybegantoplayjazzandmodernpopsongs.很少用verymuch放在一起修饰surprise,一般用verysurprised或mostsurprised5、ItobviouslycouldnottellthedifferencebetweenIndianmusicandjazz!tell表示“辨别、分辨、识别”时常与can，could，beableto连用。表达这些意义时，tell可以单独使用，也可以与from构成词组：Mysoncanalreadytellthedifferencebetweenbeerandwine.=Mysoncanalreadytellbeerfromwine.我儿子已经能分辨出啤酒和葡萄酒了。表示两者之间的“差别、差异”时常用differencebetween：There’salotofdifferencebetweenEnglishmenandFrenchmen.What’sthedifferencebetweenthem?有些情况下也可以不跟between：Itmakesnodifferencewhetheryoubelievemeornot.你信不信我区别不大/都无所谓。【Keystructures】“have+名词”代替普通动词“have+名词”代替普通动词表示“完成该动作”：haveabath=bathe；haveaswim=swim；haveawalk=walk；havealook=look；havearest=rest；haveasmell=smell等，类似的动词有dance，fight，ride，talk，sleep，wash：IhadtwodanceswithLucy.JimandIhavejusthadalongtalk.188.一个动词的后面会加介词(如果这个动词是不及物动词)，动词能加什么样的介词，名词也可以加什么样的介词：lookat->havealookat；walkacross->haveawalkacrosssucceedindoingsth.->besuccessfulin->successin【Specialdifficulties】Pick的用法pickup拿起、捡起；意外地找到；（偶然地）学会；开车去接Hepickedupalongpipewhichwascoveredwithcoins.（拿起）Thebicyclewaspickedupinasmallvillage.（意外找到）picksb.up（顺路）接某人（meetsb.+地点专程接）I\'llpickyouupinthecarthisevening.今晚我开车来接你.pickupalotofEnglish=learnalotofEnglishIpickedupalotofEnglishwhileIwasinEngland.(Ilearnt.)在英国的时候,我学到了不少英语.pickuptheradioprogram=theprogramontheradio在广播上收听节目pickout挑出，选出，辩认出Therearesomanybeautifulcardsondisplay,Ican\'tpickouttheonesIlikebest.(Ican\'tchoose.)陈列着那么多漂亮的明信片,我挑不出最喜欢的.WhenIwenttothebookshopyesterday,IpickedouttwoofthebookswhichIneededmost.Lookatthesephotosandseeifyoucanpickoutmymother.Thethiefwaspickedoutbyseveralpeople.【Multiplechoicequestions】2Thesnakeprobably‘danced’___d___.a.bylisteningtotheIndianmusicb.bylisteningtothejazzc.bylookingatthesnakecharmerd.byfollowingthemovementsofthesnakecharmer\'spipebydoing通过做某事,通过某种方式Ishowhimmyrespectbysendinghimflowers.我通过向他送花来表示我对他的尊重bytrain乘火车bytheriver沿着河边bytheendof…到……时候为止3Westoppedatasquare___d___havearest.a.sotob.inorderc.inorderthatd.inordertosoasto为了，表示目的不存在“soto”inorder在秩序中,有秩序的,有次序的,整洁的,整齐的Keepyourroominorderinordertodosth.为了……inorderthat+从句为了……7ItcouldnottellthedifferencebetweenIndianmusicandjazz.It___d___.a.mightnotb.maynotc.mustnotd.wasn\'tabletomightnot=maynot可能不≠can’t/couldn’t不能189.mustnot不准wasn\'tableto=can’t=couldn’t不能【语法精粹】1.Juliewenttothe___C___tobuyapairofshoes.A.shoesstoreB.shoe\'sstoreC.shoestoreD.shoes\'store表示类别的商店，用单数名词修饰2.Asasafetyprecaution,allcitycabdriverscarryonlyenoughmoneytomakechangefora___A__bill.A.ten-dollarB.ten-dollarsC.tens-dollarD.ten-dollar\'scabdrivers(美语)=taxidrivers(英式)bill纸币有连字符连接的单词没有复数,连字符单词做定语,不会加“’s”3.Recently,hehaslostallhis__D__atcards.A.wageandsavingB.wagesandsavingC.wageandsavingsD.wagesandsavingswage薪水（可数）；saving积蓄（可数）4.Iwant___C__.A.adollarworthcandyB.candyadollar\'sworthC.adollar\'sworthofcandyD.adollarworth\'scandyadollar\'sworthof…价值……钱的东西5.Thesurroundingsachildgrowsupinusually__A__aneffectonhisdevelopment.A.haveB.hadC.doD.hashaveaneffecton…对……有效果growup成长in连接作用thesurroundings做主语(surroundings[]n.\uf035环境)，achildgrowsup定语从句修饰“thesurroundings”孩子成长的环境常常对他的发展有影响.用一般现在时Lesson43OvertheSouthPole【Newwordsandexpressions】（13）polen.（地球的）极flightn.飞行explorern.探险家liev.处于seriousadj.严重的pointn.地点seemv.似乎crashv.坠毁190.sackn.袋子clearv.越过aircraftn.飞机endlessadj.无尽的plainn.平原polen.★（地球的）极theSouthPole南极；theNorthPole北极PoleStar北极星flightn.★飞行flyv.飞explorer[\uf069\uf06b\uf073\uf035\uf070\uf06c\uf043\uf03a\uf072\uf045\uf02c\uf020\uf065\uf06b\uf073\uf02d]n.★\uf035探险家,探测者,探测器[计]Windows资源管理器explore[]v.\uf035探险,探测,探究exploration[]n.(\uf037\uf035科研相关)探险,探求,开发adventure[]n.\uf035冒险(追求刺激)venture[]n.\uf035冒险(为了财富,没有生命保障)liev.★处于vi.(lay[lei]①，lain[lein])处于,位于(+地点)Themountainsliebelowusnow.ThetownliestotheeastofLondon.vi.(lay[lei]②，lain[lein])躺，（平）卧lie现在分词-->lyingstayinbed=lieinbed躺在床上WhileIsatbythefire,mydoglaybesideme.vt.③（lied，lied）撒谎tellalie撒谎Youlied.=Youliedtome.你骗人!你撒谎!You,liar!你,骗子!(liar[]n.(\uf035惯于)说谎者)n.④谎言lay（laid,laid）vt.①放,放置laysth.②vt.下蛋,产卵layanegg下一个蛋hang（hung，hung）挂,悬挂hang（hanged，hanged）绞刑pointn.★地点point点，一般指从飞机上向下看的点地点place，spotsina.com中的“.”读为dot（点）@读为at191.seemv.★似乎，看起来seem+asif看起来似乎……HeseemsasifhehadneverlivedinEnglandbefore.seem+adj.Heseemsrich.seemtobeHeseemstoberich.seemthat…看起来似乎……Itseemsthatheisrich.crash[\uf06b\uf06c\uf041\uf046]v.★坠毁（从上向下掉）；n.冲突,撞击声,抵触aircrash空难，carcrash车祸strikev.撞击collide[]vi.\uf035碰撞,抵触(两个都运动的东西相撞)clearv.★越过clearv.(凌空、不接触地)越过,跳过，没有接触面的飞跃clearthemountain飞跃山峰Thehorseclearedthefense.（fensen.篱笆,栅栏,墙v.围住,防护）overadv.越过(距离)goover飞跃plainn.★平原plaingirl平凡的女孩I\'maplaingirl.mountainsn.高山【Text】In1929,threeyearsafterhisflightovertheNorthPole,theAmericanexplorer,R.E.Byrd,successfullyflewovertheSouthPoleforthefirsttime.Though,atfirst,Byrdandhismenwereabletotakeagreatmanyphotographsofthemountainsthatlaybelow,theysoonranintoserioustrouble.Atonepoint,itseemedcertainthattheirplanewouldcrash.Itcouldonlygetoverthemountainsifitroseto10,000feet.Byrdatonceorderedhismentothrowouttwoheavyfoodsacks.Theplanewasthenabletoriseanditclearedthemountainsby400feet.ByrdnowknewthathewouldbeabletoreachtheSouthPolewhichwas300milesaway,fortherewerenomoremountainsinsight.Theaircraftwasabletoflyovertheendlesswhiteplainswithoutdifficulty.参考译文美国探险家R.E.伯德在飞越北极3年之后,于1929年第一次飞越了南极.虽然开始时伯德和他的助手们拍下了飞机下面连绵群山的大量照片,但他们很快就陷入了困境.在有个地方,飞机似乎肯定要坠毁了.只有在飞至10,000英尺的高度时,它才能飞过这些山头.伯德马上命令他的助手们把两个沉重的食物袋扔掉,于是飞机可以上升了,它在离山头400英尺的高度飞越了过去.伯德这时知道他能够顺利飞抵300英里以外的南极了,因为前面再没有山了.飞机可以毫无困难地飞过这片茫茫无际的白色原野!【课文讲解】1、In1929,threeyearsafterhisflightovertheNorthPole,theAmericanexplorer,R.E.Byrd,successfully192.flewovertheSouthPoleforthefirsttime.forthefirsttime第一次（time表示“次，回”，还可以说thistime，lasttime，nexttime，anothertime，eachtime，forthelasttime等）Iremindyouforthelasttimethatifyoudon’thurry,you’llmissthetrain.Givehimthesephotosnexttimeyouseehim.2、Though,atfirst,Byrdandhismenwereabletotakeagreatmanyphotographsofthemountainsthatlaybelow,theysoonranintoserioustrouble.连词though引导让步状语从句，其含义是“虽然……，尽管……”Although/Though/EventhoughIfeltsorryforhim,Iwassecretlypleasedthathewashavingdifficulties.虽然我为他感到惋惜，但对他的困难我却暗自高兴。takeaphotographof…拍……的照片Hetookaphotographofhishousebeforehelefthome.runintotrouble=getintotrouble遇到麻烦，陷入困境Eachtimeheranintotrouble,heaskedhisparentsforhelp.3、Atonepoint,itseemedcertainthattheirplanewouldcrash.atonepoint在某一地方，在某一时刻（point也指时间上的某一点）Atonepoint,hemadeuphismindtobecomeapainter.他曾一度下决心要当个画家。it为先行主语，真正的主语为that引导的从句。it作先行主语时经常与seem，appear，look等连用：Itnowlookscertainthatthemeetingisgoingtobeputoff.现在似乎可以肯定会议将被推迟。4、Itcouldonlygetoverthemountainsifitroseto10,000feet.riseto…上升至……5、Theplanewasthenabletoriseanditclearedthemountainsby400feet.by表示“相差，以……之差”的意思Imissedthetrainbytenminutes.我晚了10分钟，没赶上火车。Heisyoungerthanmebytwoyears.他比我小两岁。【Keystructures】CanandBeableto情态助动词can/could用于表示请求别人允许或答复时的情况:Can/CouldIborrowyoupen?can有时可以表示可能性：Icanhavelunchwithyourtomorrowifyoulike.在表示天生的或学到的能力时，can/could可用于现在时和过去时，can/could与beableto通常可以互换，表示将来的“能力”时，则用willbeableto：IcoulddriveacarbythetimeIwassixteen.ItriedagainandfoundIcould/wasabletoswim.CanJaneswimyet?No,butshe’llbeabletoswiminafewmonths’time.在谈到说话时正在发生的事时，一般不用beableto：Look!Icanstandonmyhead.在表示成功地完成某一具体动作时，通常不用could，而用beableto；如果表示某一动作没有取得成193.功，则可用couldn’t：It’spityhecouldn’tvisitMary.Oh,didn’tyouknow?Hewasabletovisitherafterall.HewasabletoleaveEuropebeforethewarbegan.他在战争开始之前得以离开欧洲。HewasabletogotoLondonyesterdayandheenjoyedhimselfverymuch.在问及过去某一具体活动时可用could，但回答是肯定的时候则不能：Couldheborrowacar?Yes,hewasabletoborrowacarafterall./No,hecouldn’t.【SpecialDifficulties】含有介词at的词组at与许多词可以构成固定词组，其中表示时间的有：atfirst（开始时，最初），atonce（马上，立刻），atpresent（目前，现在），atlast（最后，终于），attimes（有时），atthemoment（现在）；表示地点的有：athome（在家），atschool（在学校）；表示程度的有：atleast（至少），atanyrate（不管怎样）；其它词组有atheart（内心里，实际上），ataloss（困惑不解，不知怎么办）等。Atanyrate,I’mdeterminedtostayhereatpresent.Atleast,I’mnotmadyet.Peoplehavemoremoneynow,yetthetemptationtotostealisgreaterthaneverbefore.Why?I’mataloss.Thoughhetriedtomadeconversationwiththelady,hewasn’tinterestedinheratheart.【Multiplechoicequestions】4Itcouldonlygetoverthemountainsifitroseto10,000feet.Thismeansit___a___overthemountains.a.wouldsucceedingettingb.gotc.wasabletogetd.hadgotcould与过去时态有关,强调可能性beableto强调成功地做got用过去式表达,表示在过去发生；hadgot过去完成时,强调在过去的过去5Theplanewasthenabletorise.Thismeansit___d___.a.couldriseb.mightrisec.mightsucceedinrisingd.rosecouldrise有可能,不知道结果mightrise可能mightsucceedinrising可能成功地做rose没有情态单词,表示已经成为事实6ByrdknewthathewouldbeabletoreachtheSouthPole.Itwouldbe___d___.a.impossibleb.necessaryc.abled.possiblewas/wereableto表示这个动作在过去成功地做willbeableto=can将来可能会成Lesson44Throughtheforest【Newwordsandexpressions】（9）forestn.森林riskn.危险，冒险picnicn.野餐194.edgen.边缘strapn.带，皮带possessionn.所有breathn.呼吸contentsn.（常用复数）内有的物品mendv.修理riskn.★危险，冒险n.①危险，风险Istheremuchriskoflosingmoneyindoingfootballpols?Johntook/rantheriskofdamaginghisbusanddroveitintothebackofthethieves’car.约翰冒着撞坏他开的那辆公共汽车的危险把它撞在了小偷们的车的后尾上。Johnsavedmeattheriskofhisownlife.约翰冒着生命危险救了我。vt.②冒……危险，使……遭受危险We’dbettertakeataxi.Wecan’triskmissingtheplane.Johnriskedhisownlifetosaveme.breath[\uf062\uf072\uf065\uf057]n.★呼吸outofbreath上气不接下气wasteone\'sbreath白费口舌inonebreath片刻,转眼间Hefinishedwaterinonebreath.他一口气把水喝完了.holdone\'sbreath屏住呼吸badbreath口臭Youhaveabadbreath.你有口臭.contentsn.(★常用复数)内有的物品(具体的东西)contentsofthebag包里的书Morecontents!(口语)在吃饭时要求再加些饭菜时可以这样说.contentn.内容(抽象)contentofthetext文章的内容【Text】Mrs.AnneSterlingdidnotthinkoftheriskshewastakingwhensheranthroughaforestaftertwomen.Theyhadrusheduptoherwhileshewashavingapicnicattheedgeofaforestwithherchildrenandtriedtostealherhandbag.Inthestruggle,thestrapbrokeand,withthebagintheirpossession,bothmenstartedrunningthroughthetrees.Mrs.Sterlinggotsoangrythatsheranafterthem.Shewassoonoutofbreath,butshecontinuedtorun.Whenshecaughtupwiththem,shesawthattheyhadsatdownandweregoingthroughthecontentsofthebag,sosheranstraightatthem.Themengotsuchafrightthattheydroppedthebagandranaway.\'Thestrapneedsmending,\'saidMrs.Sterlinglater,\'buttheydidnotstealanything.\'参考译文安.斯特林夫人在穿过森林追赶两个男人时,她并没有考虑到所冒的风险.刚才,当她和孩子们正在森林边上野餐的时候,这两个人冲到她跟前,企图抢走她的手提包.在争抢中,手提包的带断了,包落入这两个人195.手里,他们拔腿跑进了树林.斯特林夫人非常气愤,向着他们追了过去.只追了一会儿便上气不接下气了,但她还是继续追赶.当她赶上他们时,发现他们已经坐了下来,正翻着包里的东西.于是她直冲过去.这两个人吓了一跳,扔下提包逃跑了.“这提包带需要修理,“斯特林夫人事后说道,“不过他们什么也没偷走.“【课文讲解】1、Mrs.AnneSterlingdidnotthinkoftheriskshewastakingwhensheranthroughaforestaftertwomen.thinkof…考虑，思考Haveyoueverthoughtofsettleingdowninthistown?takearisk（ofdoing）冒……风险runafter追赶；追随；追求Thepolicearerunningafterathief.runbehind在某人后面跑Iranbehindhim.runto跑向2、Theyhadrusheduptoherwhileshewashavingapicnicattheedgeofaforestwithherchildrenandtriedtostealherhandbag.rushuptosb.迎面冲向某人up向上，面对面，与说话人相反方向；down方向相同，与说话人相同方向godown接着往前走,不用回头upto可以表示地点、时间等“一直到……”Thechildranuptohismotherwhenhesawher.Heworkeduptonineo’clockintheevening.haveapicnic野餐attheedgeof在……的边上Theparkliesattheedgeofthetown.3、Inthestruggle,thestrapbrokeand,withthebagintheirpossession,bothmenstartedrunningthroughthetrees.inone\'spossession=inthepossessionofsb.为某人所拥有……Iwentoutofthebookshopwithbookinmypossesion.Thehouseusedtobeinmypossession,butnowitisinthepossessionofanoldlady.4、Shewassoonoutofbreath,butshecontinuedtorun.outofbreath上气不接下气，喘不上气Tomrantotheshoptogetsomesaltforhismother.Whenhereachedthere,hewasquiteoutofbreath.continuedtodosth.接着做……5、Whenshecaughtupwiththem,shesawthattheyhadsatdownandweregoingthroughthecontentsofthebag,sosheranstraightatthem.gothrough（仔细地）搜查，在……中搜寻，浏览，翻看(速度较快的看)Shewentthroughherbag,butshecouldn’tfindherkey.catchupwithsb.追上,赶上(强调结果)contentsofthebag包里的东西run(straight)at（at强调瞄准,一般与straight相连都用at）196.6、\'Thestrapneedsmending,\'saidMrs.Sterlinglater,\'buttheydidnotstealanything.\'need作“需要”为讲时，后面接的动名词有被动的含义。【letterwriting】信封上的地址的书写方式：收信人的姓名和地址必须在信封的中央，称呼总是和姓名连在一起的：Mr.JamesThompson；JamesThompsonEsq.；MissH.Thompson；Mrs.DThompson；Mr.andMrs.J.Thompson,Esq.\uf0e0Esquire写信时对男性的尊称(放在人名的后面)，等同于Mr.但位置不同Mr.andMrs.(已婚)，一般夫妇一起邀请先写人名，再写地址，写信人的地址写在信封背面，或放在信中【Keystructures】动名词1、动名词可以做主语、宾语、介词宾语等Washingthecarmademetired.Beforeleavingtheoffice,hegavemeabook.Iamverykeenoncycling.Hesattherewithoutsayinganything.他坐在那里,一言不发.That’snoexcusefornotmendingthechair!这不是你不修椅子的借口！2、动名词还可以用于“动词+介词”之后lookforwardtodoingsth.期待、盼望做某事Iamlookingforwardtoseeinghimtomorrow.beaccustomedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事Iamaccustomedtogettingupearly.我习惯早起.beusedtodoingsth.习惯做某事Iamusedtogettingupearly.我习惯早起.比较：IusedtogetupearlybutIdon\'tanymore.我过去常早起,但现在不再早起了。devotetodoingsth.奉献给某事,把……奉献给……devoteoneselftodoingsth.(全身心投入做某事)Shedevotesherselftoteaching.Mymotherdevotesherselftodoinghomework.objecttodoingsth.反对做某事Iobjecttoeatingout.我反对在外面吃饭.get/betiredofdoingsth.对……厌烦,作为系动词get可与be替换believein信任,信仰believein+sb.表示信任某人,信仰某人believein+doingsth.表示我的信条是...Ibeliveintakingiteasy.（takeiteasy轻松,放松,慢慢来）accusesb.ofdoingsth.因某事控告某人（accuse[]vt.\uf035控告；指控）Thepoliceaccusedhimofstealing.警方控告他犯有盗窃罪.3、在start，begin，continue等后面，既可以用不定式又可以用动名词，区别不大：Ibegantolearn/learningEnglishtwoyearsago.4、在love，like，prefer等动词后，用不定式和动名词意义有所区别。hate,love,like+doingsth.表示一种习惯(always)hate,love,like+todosth.表示某一次性的行为(now)wouldlove/liketodosth.表示想要,习惯于在前面加would197.餐厅服务员习惯会问:“Wouldyouliketo…?”，而不会用“Doyoulike…?”，他只关心你现在想吃什么,而不管你平常吃什么。Ihatetodosth.…不喜欢……IhatetosayIhavenomoney,butIreallyneedsome.说明这个人要向你借钱了IhatetosaybutIreallyhavesomethingimportanttodo.你想拒绝别人的邀请时可用的句型prefer…to…结构中只能用动名词Whydon’tyoudrivetoworkinsteadofwalking?Ipreferwalkingtodriving.5、在need，want之后，动名词形式具有被动的含义，相当于被动的不定式：如果以物体做主语，可以直接加动词-ing，表达被动的含义Myshirtistorn.Itneedsmending.我的衬衫撕破了,需要缝补.Thosewindowsaredirty.Theywantwashing.那些窗户很脏,需要洗刷.【SpecialDifficulties】catchandruncatch主要意思是“抓住、捉住、逮住”，但有时可以表示“（及时）赶上、追上”等：Heranquicklytocatchthelastbushome.Whenshecaughtupwiththem,shesawthattheyweregoingthroughthecontentsofthebag.run的本意是“跑”，后面加上不同的小品词可以表达“追赶，逃跑”等多种含义：Shehasrunoffwithallhismoney.Themanranawaywithherbag.【Mutiplechoicequestions】4Theyweregoingthroughthecontentsofthebag.___c___sheranstraightatthem.a.Forthisb.That\'sbecausec.That\'swhyd.That\'ssothat\'s后一般加特殊疑问词引导的从句，或that\'sall加从句for加句子的时候,习惯上放在主句之后，表示“由于某个理由”，不说forthis而说forthisreason5Theygotsuchafright.Theywere___c___.a.sofrightfulb.suchfrightenedc.sofrightenedd.suchfrightso+adj./adv.；such+n.（d应为suchafright）frightful=terribleadj.糟糕frightenedadj.感到害怕的6Thestrapneedsmending.It___b___.a.hasmendedb.hastobemendedc.hasbeenmendedd.hasbeenmending10Theytriedtostealherhandbag.Theytriedto___a___herofherhandbag.a.robb.stealc.berobbedd.bestolensteal后面加物（stealsth.fromsb.）；rob的后面加人（robsb.ofsth.）8Shetookarisk.Whatshedidwas___a___.a.dangerousb.bravec.cleverd.stupid这里what有点类似于汉语中的“兼语”的概念，what=thethingthat198.Thethingthat/whichsurprisedmeisthatmybrotherwillcome.=Whatsurprisedmeisthatmybrotherwillcome.(更多用这种表达)WhatIsaidistrue.我所说的话是真的ThatiswhatIheard.那就是我所听到的事情WhatIsawmademesad.Whatyousaidmademesad.Lesson45Aclearconscience【Newwordsandexpressions】（6）clearadj.无罪的，不亏心的consciencen.良心，道德心walletn.皮夹，钱夹savingsn.存款villagern.村民percent百分之……consciencen.★良心,道德心aclearconscience问心无愧Ihaveaclearconscience.我问心无愧aguilty/badconscience问心有愧(guilty[]adj.\uf035犯罪的,有罪的,心虚的)Ihaveaguiltyconscience.我问心有愧walletn.★皮夹,钱夹(一般指的是男用的那种皮夹)purse[\uf070\uf045\uf03a\uf073]n.钱包(女士用)handbagn.手袋billfold[]n.\uf035皮夹,钱包(美语)(意为纸币折叠形成的,很形象)savingsn.★存款savingsaccount存款账号(有利息的,有点象活期存款)checkingaccount存款(没有利息)deposit[]n.\uf035定金depositaccount存款(有利息,有点象定期存款)ATM（autotellermachine）自动取款机self-servicemachine自助银行cashcard取款卡ICinterchange①高速公路转换出入口integratecircuit[②电]集成电路,指令计数器percent★百分之……threepercent百分之三【Text】Thewholevillagesoonlearntthatalargesumofmoneyhadbeenlost.SamBenton,thelocalbutcher,had199.losthiswalletwhiletakinghissavingstothepostoffice.Samwassurethatthewalletmusthavebeenfoundbyoneofthevillagers,butitwasnotreturnedtohim.Threemonthspassed,andthenonemorning,Samfoundhiswalletoutsidehisfrontdoor.Ithadbeenwrappedupinnewspaperanditcontainedhalfthemoneyhehadlost,togetherwithanotewhichsaid:\'Athief,yes,butonly50percentathief!\'Twomonthslater,somemoremoneywassenttoSamwithanothernote:\'Only25percentathiefnow!\'Intime,allSam\'smoneywaspaidbackinthisway.Thelastnotesaid:\'Iam100percenthonestnow!\'参考译文整个村子很快知道,有一大笔钱丢失了.当地的屠户萨姆.本顿在把存款送往邮局的途中把钱包丢了.萨姆确信那钱包一定是被某个村民捡到了,可是却不见有人来送还给他.3个月过去了,后来在一天早晨,萨姆在自己的大门外发现了他的钱包.钱包是用报纸包着的,里面有他丢失的钱的一半,而且还附着一张纸条,上面写着:“一个小偷,是的,但只是一个50%的小偷!”又过了两个月,又有一些钱送还给了萨姆,又附了一张字条:“这回只是25%的小偷了!”很快,萨姆全部的钱都用同样的方式还了回来.最后的那张字条上写道:“我现在是一个100%的诚实人了!”【课文讲解】1、Aclearconscience问心无愧aclearconscience又可译为“清白的良心”，相当于agoodconscience，反义词abadconscience（感到内疚）。2、Thewholevillagesoonlearntthatalargesumofmoneyhadbeenlost.village在这里为总称，指“村民”，thewholevillage指“全村的人”，后面通常跟单数动词（有时也可视为复数）Thewholevillagewasexcitedbynews.learnv.得知，获悉thewholeworldlearnt…全世界都知道……I’vejustlearntthatshewasill.alargesumof…一大笔……3、SamBenton,thelocalbutcher,hadlosthiswalletwhiletakinghissavingstothepostoffice.whiledoing是现在分词短语用于连词之后，作用相当于一个时间状语从句。现在分词这样用的前提是两个动词的主语是同一个，并且这两个动作通常是同时发生（即这句话一定要是进行时态）。如果主语不一致则必须用从句。这句话完整的应为:whilehewastakinghissavings…4、Samwassurethatthewalletmusthavebeenfoundbyoneofthevillagers,butitwasnotreturnedtohim.musthavedone表示对过去的推测；musthavebeendone表示对过去被动的推测5、Threemonthspassed,andthenonemorning,Samfoundhiswalletoutsidehisfrontdoor.三种表示一段时间以后,另外一件事情发生的方式：…passed,andthen①sometimelater②sometimepassedbefore…③6、Ithadbeenwrappedupinnewspaperanditcontainedhalfthemoneyhehadlost,togetherwithanotewhichsaid:\'Athief,yes,butonly50percentathief!\'200.wrapup包裹Ithadbeenwrappedupinnewspaperbysomebody.(用报纸包用in，不能用by)halfthemoney=halfofthemoney钱的一半（half直接加在名词前表示“一半”）halfanhour半个小时，halfayear半年Halfthebread/halfofthebreadwasbad.togetherwith…=with…随它一起的还有……（介词短语作状语）Iwithmysonwentthere.我带着我的儿子去了MysonandIwentthere.我和我儿子去那里。anotesaid…纸条上说……thepicturesaid…图片上说……newspapersaid…报纸上说……7、Twomonthslater,somemoremoneywassenttoSamwithanothernote:\'Only25percentathiefnow!\'somemoremoney又有一些钱(more又,再)8、Intime,allSam\'smoneywaspaidbackinthisway.intime=intheend最终，最后，经过一段时间Intime,hefoundallthebooksheneeded.I’lltellyoueverythingintime.payback还回来intheway以这种方式Youmustpayattentiontoyourspelling.Inthisway,youcanbecomeagoodsecrtaryintime.【SpecialDifficulties】StealandRobsteal（somethingfromsomeoneorsomewhere）偷（从某人或某处）steal(sth.)from(sb.)steal后跟（被偷）物Themanwhostolemywallettookmyaddressbookaswell.Someonehasstolenmybagfromme.rob（someoneofsomething）（abuilding，ablank，ahouse，etc.）抢（某人的某物）（大楼、银行、房子等）rob(sb.)of(sth.)rob后跟人或地方Ilostmyaddressbookwhenthatmanrobbedmeofmybag.Thepolicehavecaughtthemenwhorobbedthebank.Payback①偿还YesterdaySamborrowedsomemoneyfrommeandsaidthathewouldpaymebackinaweek.②报答；向……报复（paysb.back）You’vebeenverykindtome.HowcanIpayyouback?I’llpayyoubackforwhatyoudidtome.你对我这样，我一定会报仇的。Heembarrassedmeattheparty.I’llpayhimbacksomeday.201.【Multiplechoicequestions】3Samwastakinghissavingstothepostoffice___a___helosthiswallet.a.whenb.whilec.asd.justaswhiledoing两者同时发生（whilesb.wasdoing当……时候），能用while、as（as等同于while）的地方就可以用when，反之则不一定。when后的时间表达即可以是点，也可以是段；while后的时间表达只可以是段7SomemoremoneywassenttoSam.Sam___c___somemoremoney.a.sentb.hassentc.wassentd.hadsentsend/take/givesb.sth.（send=take/give），双宾语一般用离动词最近的宾语来做被语动态的主语sentsb.sth.->变被动sb.besentsth.sendsth.tosb.->变被动sth.besenttosb.9Thethiefhad___c___thewalletinnewspaper.a.woundb.rolledc.wrappedd.boundwindv.蜿蜒（主要指道路）roll[\uf072\uf045\uf075\uf06c]v.卷起来，如：滚雪球springroll春卷bound[\uf062\uf061\uf075\uf06e\uf064]v.弹跳，球类的弹跳10Howmuchdiditcontain?Howmuch___b___?a.diditconsistb.wasthereinitc.diditincluded.haditcontain/container与容器有关,或类似于容器的东西的包含include指一种抽象的包含12___b___,allSam\'smoneywasreturned.a.Attimesb.Afteratimec.Withthetimesd.Alongtimeatime一段时间,不译为“一次”,一次用“once”foralongtimeafteratime=aftersometimeLesson46Expensiveanduncomfortable【Newwordsandexpressions】（12）unloadv.卸（货）woodenadj.木制的extremelyadv.非常，极其occurv.发生astonishv.使惊讶pilen.堆woollenn.羊毛的goodsn.（常用复数）货物，商品discoverv.发现admitv.承认202.confinev.关在（一个狭小的空间里）normaladj.正常的，通常的unloadv.★卸（货）loadv.装货extremely[\uf069\uf06b\uf073\uf035\uf074\uf072\uf069\uf03a\uf06d\uf06c\uf069]adv.★\uf035非常,极其extremely把一个形容词或副词推到了极限，达到了无以复加的程度Iamextremelytired.我累极了occurvi.★发生vi.①发生Whendidtheaccidentoccur？vi.②被想起，被想到Itoccuredtosb.that…某人想起了……ItoccuredtomethatIdidn\'tfinishmyhomework.我想起我还没完成作业Itoccurstosb.todosth.某人想起了……Itsuddenlyoccurredtooneoftheworkerstoopenupthebox.突然一个工人想到打开箱子看看sth.occurtosb.某人突然想起某件事(从后面往前面翻)Agoodideaoccuredtome.=Ihaveagoodidea.happenvi.发生Whathappened/occured?Ithappenedtome…这件事发生在我身上Whathappenedtotheclavichord?Whathappenedtoyou?=What\'swrongwithyou?什么事发生在你身上?astonish[\uf045\uf073\uf035\uf074\uf043\uf06e\uf069\uf046]vt.★\uf035使惊讶如果一个动词跟人的情绪有关，则它的宾语是人，其形容词有两个：令人–ing；感到-edastonishingadj.令人惊讶；astonishedadj.感到惊讶的Iamsurprised.-->astonished-->astounded-->shocked惊讶程度递增surprise最常用,但意思肤浅astonished难以置信的事astound[]vt.\uf035使惊骇,使大吃一惊(非常吃惊,目瞪口呆)shock不快的事情discoverv.★发现(属于那种以前你不知道的事现在知道了)discovery[]n.\uf035探索，发现admitv.★承认vt.①承认，供认admitsth./admitdoingsth.承认做某事Iadmithavinglunch.admitthat…承认……Sallyadmittedthatshehadusedyourdictionary.203.denysth./denydoingsth.拒绝做……vt.②准许……进入，准许……加入Withoutaticketyouwon’tbeadmittedintocinema.Theywon’tadmithiminto/tothegovernment.confinev.★关在或局限在某个地方(一个狭小的空间里)sb.wasconfinedto+地点某人被关在某个地方sb.wasconfinedtotheroom.【Text】WhenaplanefromLondonarrivedatSydneyairport,workersbegantounloadanumberofwoodenboxeswhichcontainedclothing.Noonecouldaccountforthefactthatoneoftheboxeswasextremelyheavy.Itsuddenlyoccurredtooneoftheworkerstoopenupthebox.Hewasastonishedatwhathefound.Amanwaslyingintheboxontopofapileofwoodengoods.Hewassosurprisedatbeingdiscoveredthathedidnoteventrytorunaway.Afterhewasarrested,themanadmittedhidingintheboxbeforetheplaneleftLondon.Hehadhadalonganduncomfortabletrip,forhehadbeenconfinedtothewoodenboxforovereighteenhours.Themanwasorderedtopay$3,500forthecostofthetrip.Thenormalpriceofaticketis$2,000!参考译文当一架来自伦敦的飞机抵达悉尼机场时,工人们开始卸下装有服装的一批木箱.其中有只箱子特别重,可谁也弄不清是怎么回事.突然一个工人想到打开箱子看看.看到的情景使吃惊,箱内有一个人正躺在一堆毛织品之上.他由于被人发现而感到非常吃惊,甚至都没有企图逃跑.此人被逮捕后,承认他是在飞机离开伦敦前躲进箱里的.他经历了一次漫长而又难受的旅程,因为他在那木箱里闷了18个多小时.此人被责令交付旅费3,500英镑,而正常票价是2,000英镑!【课文讲解】1、ExpensiveanduncomfortableItistooexpensive!贵得令人不能接受Thebookisdear.这本书有点贵（dear[\uf064\uf069\uf045]adj.昂贵的,亲爱的）2、WhenaplanefromLondonarrivedatSydneyairport,workersbegantounloadanumberofwoodenboxeswhichcontainedclothing.anumberof…许多，若干……You’vemadeanumberofmistakesintypingthisletter.unload的含义为“卸（货）”，它的反义词为load（装货）。与形容词uncomfortable，unsmiling等相似，有些动词加前缀un可以表示做相反的动作。clothing服装的总称，不可数名词，在分类时强调衣服这一种类，可以包括鞋、帽等；clothes一般指衣服，表示"衣服"的单数名词的复数形式,表示许多衣服。3、Noonecouldaccountforthefactthatoneoftheboxeswasextremelyheavy.Noonecouldaccountforthefactthat…谁也弄不清楚……这样一个事实Nooneknows…没有人知道……accountfor=explain=givetheexplanation说明原因、作出说明（或解释），但也有区别，account的解释必须是令人满意的，而explain却只要是一个解释就行ThebadweatherinEnglandaccountsforHarrison’sdecisiontoleavethecountry.204.Howdoyouaccountforthebatteredcar?that后面的从句为fact的同位语从句，说明fact的具体内容。一个句子跟在一个名词后，可以是定语从句，也可以是同位语从句。两者的区别是同位语从句后的that是起解释说明的作用，而定语从句是起修饰作用；that在从句中做主语或宾语成分，则是定语从句，that在从句中不能做主语或宾语成分，则是同位语从句MyfriendLucy同位语Hecouldn’texplainthefactthatMary’swalletwasfoundinhisroom.4、Itsuddenlyoccurredtooneoftheworkerstoopenupthebox.sth.occurredtosb.某人想起某事openup打开Whenhereceivedthegifts,heopenedthemupatonce.5、Hewasastonishedatwhathefound.sb.beastonishedatsth.某事使/让某人吃惊Samappearsastonishedatthenews/sound.what引导名词性从句作介词at的宾语，what=thethingwhich/that…6、Amanwaslyingintheboxontopofapileofwoodengoods.apileof一堆……pilesofsnow一堆堆的雪ontopof在……之上（与顶端有接触面）atthetopof在……上方（atthetopof之前的词属于其之后的词的范围之内）7、Hehadhadalonganduncomfortabletrip,forhehadbeenconfinedtothewoodenboxforovereighteenhours.haveatrip=goonatripbeconfinedto把……限制起来Lastweekend,Tom’smotherconfinedhimtohisroom.for在文中这里强调事实,而非原因over=morethan8、Themanwasorderedtopay$3,500forthecostofthetrip.pay…for…为……付钱，为……付出代价Shepaid$50forthatdress.costof………的花费,费用thecostofgovernment政府开支【Keystructures】与to,at,for和with连用的动词与to连用的动词：accustom(ed)to（习惯于）；amountto（达到）；appealto（呼吁）；applyto/for（适用于）；attach(ed)to（附属于）；attendto（参加）；belongto（属于）；challengeto（向……提出挑战）；compareto/with（比较）；condemn(ed)to（判刑）；confessto（承认）；confineto（限制）；205.consentto（同意）；convertto（改信(某宗教)）；entitle(d)to（享有权利）；listento（听）；mentionto（提到）；objectto（反对）；occurto（想到）；preferto（更喜欢）；reactto/against（对……反应）；replyto（回答）；respondto（响应）；seeto（注意）；submitto（服从于）；surrenderto（向……投降）；turnto（转向）；yieldto（屈服）。Ipreferlisteningtomusictoreadingnewspapers.WillyouseetothisflowerwhileI’maway?我不在的时候你照看一下这花好吗？Ishallseetothedinnertonight.今晚我做晚饭。与at连用的动词：amusedat/by（对……感到有趣）；arriveat/in（到达）；astonish(ed)at/by（感到惊愕）；exclaimat（惊叫）；glanceat（对……看一眼）；guessat（猜测）；knockat（敲）；lookat（看）；pointat/to（指向）；shock(ed)at/by（感到震惊）；stareat（盯着……看）；surprise(d)at/by（感到惊讶）；wonderat/about（感到惊异）；workat/on（钻研）。at通常用于表达感情的一些词之后，并且这些词往往用被动语态，at用于其它动词之后一般为主动语态。Hewasastonishedatwhathefound.Danwasbothsurprisedandamusedatthenews.与for连用的动词：accountfor（说明(原因)）；askfor/of（请求）；actfor/on（代表）；apologizefor（因……而道歉）；blamefor（责备）；begfor（乞求）；callfor（需要）；chargefor（收费）；exchangefor（交换）；hopefor（希望）；lookfor（寻找）；mistakefor（误认为）；mournfor（哀悼）；payfor（为……付款）；preparefor（准备）；providefor（提供）；searchfor（寻求）；thankfor（感谢）；votefor/on投票支持；waitfor/on（等候）。Hewassearchedforthestolenmoney.Canyouaccountforhisstrangebehavious?与with连用的动词：agreewith（同意）；beginwith（以……开始）；communicatewith（与……联络）；comparewith/to（与……比较）；competewith/against（同……竞争）；complywith（同意；confusewith（误作）；contrastwith/to（形成对照）；copewith（对付）；correspondwith（与……一致）；disgust(ed)with（使……讨厌）；finishwith（完成）；helpwith/in（帮助）；interferewith/in（干扰）；mixwith（混合）；occupy(ied)with（从事于）；partwith（放弃）；please(d)with（对……满意）；quarrelwith/about（争论）；reasonwith（规劝）；satisfy(fied)with/by（感到满足）；threaten(ed)with（威胁）。I’mpleasedwiththisroom.Samusedtomixwiththosepeople.萨姆过去常与那些人交往。We’llbeginwiththeexercises.我们从练习开始。【Multiplechoicequestions】2Themanhadhiddeninthebox___c___.a.togettoSydneyb.becauseitcontainedwoollengoodsc.toavoidpayingthefarefromLondontoSydneyd.becausenoonewouldfindhimbecause后面加原因；to后面加目的avoiddoingsth.避免做某事faren.车费，乘坐的交通工具的费用4Whichboxescontainedclothing?___d___.a.Thewoodenb.Thewoodc.Thewoodyonesd.Thewoodenonesthewooden木头的；thewood木头（表示木头制的东西用wooden）woody[]adj.\uf035多树木的,木本的,木头般的,木制的206.Lesson47Athirstyghost【Newwordsandexpressions】（9）thirstyadj.贪杯的ghostn.鬼魂hauntv.（鬼）来访，闹鬼blockv.堵furnituren.家具whiskyn.威士忌酒suggestv.暗示shakev.摇动acceptv.接受thirstyadj.★贪杯的；adj.渴的bethirstyfor=behungryfor渴望得到(如饥似渴)Iamthirstyforthebook.ghostn.★鬼魂ghost强调魂，并不是邪恶的象征‘Ghost’---影片《人鬼情未了》的英文名haunt[\uf068\uf043\uf03a\uf06e\uf074]v.(★鬼)来访,闹鬼haunt=visit但不能应用于人的拜访，只能用在ghosttheghosthaunt闹鬼Theghosthauntedthehouse.这个房子闹鬼blockv.★堵Thepipewasblocked.furniture[\uf066\uf045\uf03a\uf06e\uf069\uf074\uf046\uf045]n.★\uf035家具,设备,储藏物（不可数名词）apieceoffurniture一件家具asetoffurniture一套家具whiskyn.★威士忌酒Scotch[\uf073\uf06b\uf043\uf074\uf046]n.一种上等的威士忌winen.果酒,如葡萄酒,石榴酒beern.啤酒brandyn.白兰地suggestv.★暗示vt.①暗示，（间接地）表明Hissilencesuggestedthatheknewsomethingabouttheman.vt.②建议，提议suggest+that从句Isuggestthatwemeetattherestaurant.207.suggest+doingsth.Isuggestmeetingattherestaurant.shake★（shook[\uf046\uf075\uf06b]，shaken[]\uf035）v.摇动vt.&vi.①摇，摇动，抖动Mr.Thompsonshookhishead.Hishandsappeartobeshaking.他的手看上去在发抖。vt.②同……握手Danshookhandswithhim.=Danshookhimbythehand/shookhishand.acceptv.★接受accept=receivesth.withpleasure）【Text】ApublichousewhichwasrecentlyboughtbyMr.IanThompsonisupforsale.Mr.Thompsonisgoingtosellitbecauseitishaunted.Hetoldmethathecouldnotgotosleeponenightbecauseheheardastrangenoisecomingfromthebar.Thenextmorning,hefoundthatthedoorshadbeenblockedbychairsandthefurniturehadbeenmoved.ThoughMr.Thompsonhadturnedthelightsoffbeforehewenttobed,theywereoninthemorning.Healsosaidthathehadfoundfiveemptywhiskybottleswhichtheghostmusthavedrunkthenightbefore.WhenIsuggestedthatsomevillagersmusthavecomeinforafreedrink,Mr.Thompsonshookhishead.Thevillagershavetoldhimthattheywillnotacceptthepubevenifhegivesitaway.参考译文伊恩.汤普森先生最近才买的一个小酒店现在又要卖出去.汤普森先生之所以想卖它,是因为那里常闹鬼.他告诉我有天夜里他怎么也睡不着,因为他听到酒吧里传来一阵奇怪的响声.第二天早上,他发现酒吧间的门被椅子堵上了,家具也被挪动过.虽然汤普森临睡觉时把灯关了,但早晨灯却都亮着.他还说他发现了5只空的威士忌瓶子,肯定是鬼魂昨天晚上喝的.当我暗示说一定是村里有些人来喝不花钱的酒时,汤普森先生摇了摇头.村里的人已经告诉他,即使他把小酒店白送人,他们也不要.【课文讲解】1、ApublichousewhichwasrecentlyboughtbyMr.IanThompsonisupforsale.apublichouse酒吧、酒店，口语缩略为pubupforsale有待出售，供出售（up为形容词，“已提出的，供……的）beupfor有待于……，为了某一目的Thisproblemisupfordiscussion.这个问题有待于讨论onsale打折卖forsale拿出来卖的2、Hetoldmethathecouldnotgotosleeponenightbecauseheheardastrangenoisecomingfromthebar.hearsb.doingsth.听见某人正在做某事在一些表示感觉的动词如see，hear，feel，watch，notice等之后，往往用“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”这个结构，其宾语补足语既可以是不定式（通常不加to），也可以是现在分词，两者在意义上区别不大，现在分词表示动作正在发生，不定式则表示动作发生了：Iheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.我听到有人正在敲门。208.Iheardyousingthissongyesterday.昨天我听到你唱这支歌。bar为酒吧或酒店中卖酒的柜台3、ThoughMr.Thompsonhadturnedthelightsoffbeforehewenttobed,theywereoninthemorning.on为形容词，表示“开着的，接通的”，其反义词为off。Whenhearrivedhome,hefoundthatallthelightswereon/off.IstheTVon?IthoughtIhadturneditoff.（turnoff关闭）4、Healsosaidthathehadfoundfiveemptywhiskybottleswhichtheghostmusthavedrunkthenightbefore.thenightbefore前一天晚上，lastnight昨天晚上theweekbefore前一个星期，lastweek上个星期thedaybefore前一天，yesterday昨天thenextday下一天，tomorrow明天直接引语变成间接引语时间状语要改变。now——>then，lastnight——>thenightbefore，twodaysago——>twodaysbefore/earlier，today——>thatday，tonight——>thatnight，tomorrow——>thenext/followingday，lastnight——>thenightbefore等。5、WhenIsuggestedthatsomevillagersmusthavecomeinforafreedrink,Mr.Thompsonshookhishead.for表目的，afreedrink免费饮料shakeone\'shead摇头，表示异议nodone\'shead点头6、Thevillagershavetoldhimthattheywillnotacceptthepubevenifhegivesitaway.evenifhegivesitaway即使他白送人evenif即使，它引导的让步状语从句含有很强的假定性Iwon’thavedinnerwithhimevenifhepaysforit.giveaway捐献，免费的送，赠送Hegaveallhisbooksawaytothelibrary.【Multiplechoicequestions】7Theghostmusthavedrunkthewhisky.InMr.Thompson\'sopinion,theghost___a___whisky.a.mustdrinkb.hasgottodrinkc.hastodrinkd.shoulddrinkinone\'sopinion就某人看来，以某人观点，某人认为；Ithink…太过强调个人的主观性,一般用inone\'sopinion更让人接受haveto=havegottoshould可以是情态代词，表应该，不能表示推测It\'stoolate,Ishouldgohome.太晚了,我要回家了.must+v.(原型)必须做；很可能做Lesson48Didyouwanttotellmesomething?【Newwordsandexpressions】（6）pullv.拔209.cottonwool药棉collectv.搜集collectionn.收藏品，收集品nodv.点头meanwhileadv.同时pullv.★拔vt.&vi.①拉，拖，牵，扯（反义词pushvt.推）Ifeltsomeonepullingmyarm.pullone\'sleg开某人玩笑Youarepullingmyleg.你在开我玩笑Don\'tpullmyleganymore.不要再开我玩笑Youarekidding.你在开玩笑Nokidding!不要开玩笑了!Youarejoking.（joke[\uf064\uf056\uf045\uf075\uf06b]n.笑话,玩笑v.(和……)开玩笑）vt.&vi.②拔，抽You’repulledoutthewrongteeth!Hepulledanaddressbookfromhispocket.collectv.★搜集collectionn.★收藏品,收集品collectsalary领工资；collectmoney筹集资金；collectstamp集邮；collectchildren收养孩子nodv.★点头vt.&vi.①点头，点头示意/招呼Iaskedhimifhewantedtocomeandhenoddedhishead.Whenwemeeteachotherintheoffice,healwaysnodsatme.vi.②打盹，打瞌睡（常与off连用）HeusedtonodoffduringtheFrenchclass.Ashewasverytired,henoddedoverhisreading.因为他很累，所以他一边看书一边打盹。meanwhileadv.★同时meanwhile=atthesametime=inthesametime用法和however一样,不能连接两个句子,但是意思上有承接概念【Text】Dentistsalwaysaskquestionswhenitisimpossibleforyoutoanswer.Mydentisthadjustpulledoutoneofmyteethandhadtoldmetorestforawhile.Itriedtosaysomething,butmymouthwasfullofcottonwool.HeknewIcollectedmatchboxesandaskedmewhethermycollectionwasgrowing.HethenaskedmehowmybrotherwasandwhetherIlikedmynewjobinLondon.InanswertothesequestionsIeithernoddedormadestrangenoises.Meanwhile,mytonguewasbusysearchingouttheholewherethetoothhadbeen.Isuddenlyfeltveryworried,butcouldnotsayanything.Whenthedentistatlastremovedthecottonwoolfrommymouth,Iwasabletotellhimthathehadpulledoutthewrongtooth.210.参考译文牙科医生们总是在你无法作出回答的时候向你提出问题.我的牙科医生刚刚给我拔掉了一颗牙,叫我休息一会儿.我想说点什么,但我嘴里塞满了药棉.他知道我收集火柴盒,于是问我收藏的米柴盒是否在增加.接着他又问我的兄弟近来如何,问我是否喜欢伦敦的新工作.作为对这些问题的回答,我不是点头,就是发出奇怪的声音.与此同时,我的舌头正在忙着寻找刚拔掉的那颗牙的伤口.我突然非常着急起来,但却什么也说不出来.当那位牙医最后将药棉从我嘴中取出时,我总算有可能告诉他,他拔错了牙.【课文讲解】1、Dentistsalwaysaskquestionswhenitisimpossibleforyoutoanswer.impossible通常不以人作主语，而以不定式或从句作主语：Itisimpossibleforhimtohelpyou.=Itisimpossiblethathewillhelpyou.2、InanswertothesequestionsIeithernoddedormadestrangenoises.inanswerto…作为对……的回答；响应……的请求Inanswertomyrequest,hewrotealettertoGeorge.应我的请求，他给乔治写了封信。inreturnfor作为对……的报答3、Meanwhile,mytonguewasbusysearchingouttheholewherethetoothhadbeen.meanwihile在此期间，与此同时Hewon’tcomeuntilteno’clock.Meanwhileyoucanhavearest.Marywastalkingtomeabouthernewdress.MeanwhileIwasthinkingaboutsomethingelse.bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事searchout找出，搜寻HaveyousearchedoutthebooksIneeded?where=介词+whichThatisthehousewhichIlivedin.这是我住的房子=ThatisthehousewhereIlived.where称为关系副词,另外还有when也是关系副词ThisistheriverwhereIswim.（where作定语从句的标志,修饰前面的river）Thetoothhadbeeninthehole.(inthehole=where)4、Whenthedentistatlastremovedthecottonwoolfrommymouth,Iwasabletotellhimthathehadpulledoutthewrongtooth.remove可以表示“拿去，除去，去掉”，通常结构为“remove+名词+from”，也可以单独使用：I’veremovedthatpicturefromthewall.Pleaseremoveyourhat.【Multiplechoicequestions】11Meanwhilemytonguewasbusy….___b___mytonguewasbusy…a.Howeverb.Inthemeantimec.Neverthelessd.Althoughmeanwhile=atthesametime=inthemeantimeLesson49Theendofadream211.【Newwordsandexpressions】（13）tiredadj.厌烦的realadj.真正的ownern.主人springn.弹簧mattressn.床垫gustn.一阵风sweepv.扫，刮courtyardn.院子smashv.碰碎，摔碎miraculouslyadv.奇迹般地unhurtadj.没有受伤的glancev.扫视promptlyadv.迅速地tiredadj.★厌烦的be/gettiredofsth./doingsth.讨厌做某事realadj.★真正的(强调东西不是假的)trueadj.真挚,真诚,符合标准(强调符合某个标准)realman真人；trueman男子汉，好汉springn.★弹簧springn.春天；泉水fountainn.人工喷泉mattressn.★床垫matn.垫子(如杯垫)cushionn.座垫gustn.★一阵（阵）风agustofanger(一阵)无名火breezen.微风galen.大风，（突发的）一阵风（风力比gust强）windn.风的总称sweep(swept[swept],swept)n.★扫刮vt.①扫，打扫Shesweepsthefloor/theroomeverymorning.vt.②（风）吹；刮Agustofwindsweptthebedofftheroof.sweepsth.away把……刮走Thenewspaperhasbeensweptawaybythewind.blowv.刮212.smashv.★碰碎,摔碎vt.&vi.①打碎，摔碎，（使）碎裂Thecupsmashedonthefloor.smashsth.intopieces把……摔成碎片Thebedwassmashedtopiece.crashv.受挤压而变碎Theeggiseasytocrash.cutsth.intopieces切碎,剪碎tearsth.intopieces撕碎breakv.打碎crackv.裂开不碎vt.&vi.②重击，殴打，猛砸/撞Whydidn’tyousmashthemanwithyourfist?Acarsmashedintothewall.courtyard[\uf06b\uf043\uf03a\uf074\uf06a\uf042\uf03a\uf064]n.★\uf035院子courtn.院子，庭院；法庭yardn.院子backyardn.后院glancev.★扫视glanceat扫了一眼（有意识地看）glareat瞪着(生气的)stareat盯着gazeat盯着(无限神往,羡慕地看)promptlyadv.★迅速地promptly＝atonce,immediately【Text】Tiredofsleepingonthefloor,ayoungmaninTeheransavedupforyearstobuyarealbed.Forthefirsttimeinhislife,hebecametheproudownerofabedwhichhadspringsandamattress.Becausetheweatherwasveryhot,hecarriedthebedontotheroofofhishouse.Hesleptverywellforthefirsttwonights,butonthethirdnight,astormblewup.Agustofwindsweptthebedofftheroofandsentitcrashingintothecourtyardbelow.Theyoungmandidnotwakeupuntilthebedhadstrucktheground.Althoughthebedwassmashedtopieces,themanwasmiraculouslyunhurt.Whenhewokeup,hewasstillonthemattress.Glancingatthebitsofwoodandmetalthatlayaroundhim,themansadlypickedupthemattressandcarrieditintohishouse.Afterhehadputitonthefloor,hepromptlywenttosleepagain.参考译文德黑兰的一个年轻人由于对睡地板感到厌倦,于是积蓄多年买了一张真正的床.他平生第一次自豪地拥有了一张既有弹簧又带床垫的床.由于天气很热,他便把床搬到了他的屋顶上.头两天晚上,他睡得非常好.但第三天晚上起了风暴.一阵大风把床从屋顶上刮了下来,把它摔碎在下面的院子里.那年轻人直到床撞到地上才醒了过来.尽管床摔成了碎片,但年轻人却奇迹般地没有受伤.他醒来时,仍然躺在床垫上.年轻人看了一眼周围的碎木片和碎金属片,伤心地捡起了床垫,把它拿进了屋.他把床垫往地板上一放,很快又睡着213.了.【课文讲解】1、Tiredofsleepingonthefloor,ayoungmaninTeheransavedupforyearstobuyarealbed.betiredof对……感到厌倦，在这句话里省略了现在分词being，用形容词短语直接做原因状语，其作用相当于原因状语从句ashewastiredof…。Ialwaysgotobedhungry.（用形容词直接做状语）Worriedaboutmydaughter,Lucy,shewenttoLondontovisitLucy.Iwenthome.Iamtired.=>IwenthometiredIwenthomeexcited.saveup攒钱，储蓄Iwanttogetmarriedinoneortwoyears,soI’mtryingtosave(somemoney)up.2、Forthefirsttimeinhislife,hebecametheproudownerofabedwhichhadspringsandamattress.forthefirsttimeinone\'slife平生第一次Hebecametheproudfatherofababy.我自豪的成为一个孩子的父亲了.3、Becausetheweatherwasveryhot,hecarriedthebedontotheroofofhishouse.onto（onto）类似与into（into），用于表示动作方向而不用于表示静态的位置，不但有“去”的概念还有把它放到“on”（上面）的概念。onto/onto有时可用on代替，但表示位置的on不可用onto代替：Liftsth.ontothecart.Iputthepenonto/onthetable.Thepenisonthetable.（不能用onto/onto）Mr.Thompsonisjumpedontothestage.汤普森先生跳上了台上。Mr.Thompsonjumpedonthestage.汤普森先生在台上跳了跳。4、Hesleptverywellforthefirsttwonights,butonthethirdnight,astormblewup.forthefirsttwonights头两天晚上Istudyhardforthefirstthreedays.forthelastthreenights最后三天晚上blowup风越刮越大(程度在加深)，（指暴风雨）出现并加剧；刮起speakup大声点5、Agustofwindsweptthebedofftheroofandsentitcrashingintothecourtyardbelow.gust表示“一阵强风，一阵狂风”，既可单独使用，也可用agustofwind形式：Agust(ofwind)blewmyhatoff.Shesetoffeventhoughthewindwasblowingingusts.虽然当时阵阵狂风吹着，她还是出发了。off=down/awayfrombelow直接放在被修饰词之后作定语crashingintothecourtyardbelow是现在分词短语，作宾语补足语。crash（不及物动词）直接用主动形式，smash（及物动词）可用被动一个句子中不能出现两个动词，如果出现了两个动词，要用and或but连接；或者把其中一个作为非谓语动词todo(表目的)，-ed(表被动)，-ing(表主动)。6、Theyoungmandidnotwakeupuntilthebedhadstrucktheground.214.not…until表示“直到……才”，until前面没有not时，与表示一段时间的“持续动词”连用；有not时，常用表示某一时间点的动词（或瞬间动词）连用：I’llstayhereuntilMonday.我要在这儿呆到星期一。Iwon’tleaveuntilMonday.我要到星期一才离开。7、Althoughthebedwassmashedtopieces,themanwasmiraculouslyunhurt.although尽管；though虽然，意义差不多，以从句出现topieces粉碎地，成碎片地Thecupwasbrokentopieces.8、Glancingatthebitsofwoodandmetalthatlayaroundhim,themansadlypickedupthemattressandcarrieditintohishouse.glancing为现在分词，引导的短语相当于一个时间状语从句afterheglancedat…。动词的ing形式一定强调某一个名词之间的主动关系。glancev.看一眼，扫视Joeglancedthroughthenewspaperwhiletalkingtome.乔一边和我聊天，一边浏览报纸。bits=pieceslie(lay，lain)不及物动词，后面一定要加“around”，不能说成“layhim”【letterwriting】大多数书信都以“dear”开头，后接姓名，“dear”这个词一定要在信纸的左手边顶格。第二行如要退格是退5个字符,现在西方都是顶格写。【Keystructures】复合句的语序复合句可用两种方法构成：一是用连词把从句与主句连接起来；二是用分词结构或不定式。1、用连词连接的复合句①在复合句中，从句可以是名词从句（即起名词的作用）。在句子中，它可以作主语、宾语或be等系动词的表语，一般由that引导，有时也用what（疑问词引导的除外）Iknow(that)themeetingwillbeputoff.②从句可以是关系（或形容词）从句，关系代词通常有who，whom，that，which和whose。③从句可以是状语（或副词）从句，时间状语连词有when，after，before，assoonas，until，while，as，since等；地点状语从句连词有where，everywhere，anywhere等；方式状语从句连词有as或短语intheway(that)等，方式状语从句在动词be，feel，seem，appear等后面也可以由连词asif和asthough来引导；原因状语从句由because，as等引导；条件状语从句可由if及其他连词引导；让步状语从句使句子具有对比的因素，它们一般由连词although，though，eventhough，evenif等引导；目的状语从句可由sothat，inorderthat等连词引导；结果状语从句描述结果，可由so+形容词+that引导，也可由such(a)+（形容词）+名词+that来引导；比较状语从句结构包括as+形容词/副词+as，notso/as…as，形容词/副词的比较级+than，more…than，less…than等Hehasbeenillsincehecamebackfromhisholidays.Withaspecialtrainticket,youcantravelanywhere/everywhereyoulikeinEuropeforjustover$100.Typethisagainas/intheway(that)Ishowedyoujustnow.Asyoucan’tgoyourself,you’llhavetoaskSusangoforyou.既然你自己不能去，那你就请苏珊替你去吧。215.2、分词结构的复合句①用现在分词结构可以代替时间从句、原因从句、关系从句等，现在分词结构的这种用法仅限于两个动作的主语一致的时候。用它代替时间从句时，分词结构表示的动作如果发生在前，则分词结构要位于主语前；如果两个动作同时发生，那么分词结构既可以位于主句前，也可以位于主句后。分词结构位于主句前面时，要用逗号隔开。Igotveryangryspeakingtothem.Feelingtired,Iwenttobedearlierthanusual.Followinghismom,hewentthere.(主动概念,跟着他母亲去了那儿)②过去分词结构常用于比较正式的文体，往往代替被动语态Damagedinanaccident,thecarhasnowbeenrepaired.Followedbyhismom,hewentthere.(被动概念,被他母亲带着跟着去了那儿)3、不定式结构的复合句这种结构通常可以代替表示目的或表示条件的状语从句：Togetintouniversityyouhavetopassanumberofexaminations.【Multiplechoicequestions】3、___b___thehotweather,hecouldn\'tsleepindoors.a.Becauseb.Becauseofc.Asd.Forbecause，as，for+句子，不能加词组；becauseof+名词因为……5、How___b___didhesleep?a.goodb.wellc.goodd.nicehow对形容词或者副词提问Hesleptwell.（how对程度副词提问）Thetreeistall.Howtallisthetree?Hesangsongsbeautifully.Howbeautifullydidhesing?6、Wherewasthecourtyard?ca.Down.b.Under.c.Below.d.Bottom.downadv.在……下(向下)godown,sitdownunder介词必须加宾语belowadv.下面,表示一种状态bottomn.下面7、Helookedatthebitsofwoodandmetal___c___aroundhim.a.layingb.laidc.lyingd.liedlaying(lay)vt.放（laytheegg(下蛋)）lying(lievi.躺lieinbed)lie（lied，lied）撒谎过去分词属于非谓语动词,做定语时与被修饰词形成被动关系8Agustofwindsweptthebedofftheroof.Thewindblewvery___a___.a.hardb.fastc.quicklyd.soonagustofwind一阵风hard修饰动词,表示程度大216.studyhard努力学习9Thebedcrashedintothecourtyard.It___c___thecourtyard.a.smashedb.knockedc.struckd.explodedcrashvi.从上往下掉,摔碎；smashvt.摔碎；knockv.敲击；explodev.爆炸；struckv.撞击11Heglancedatthebitsofwoodandmetal.He___a___thebitsofwoodandmetal.a.lookedquicklyatb.hadaglimpseofc.staredatd.watchedglanceat（漫不经心的）扫视,(主动的看)lookquicklyat快速地看hadaglimpseof（无意识的）看stareat盯着看watch注视,密切关注217.Lesson50Takenforaride【Newwordsandexpressions】（4）riden.旅行excursionn.远足conductorn.售票员viewn.景色riden.★旅行（不走路的）；v.骑(车,马)tripn.（出差性的）旅行（旅行地方不远或呆的时间不长）traveln.（周游世界性的）旅行journeyn.（陆地上的）旅行flightn.（空中）旅行voyagen.（海上）旅行tourn.游玩sightseeingn.观光游excursionn.★远足，游玩,郊游(距离不会很远)weekend\'sexcursion周末游aday\'sexcursion一日游Tomorrowwewillhaveaday\'sexcursion.viewn.★景色(主观性较强)inone\'sview＝inone\'sopinion就某人看来sightn.景色,视线,视野(强调客观)CanIhavearoomwithagoodview?【Text】Ilovetravellinginthecountry,butIdon\'tlikelosingmyway.Iwentonanexcursionrecently,butmytriptookmelongerthanIexpected.\'I\'mgoingtoWoodfordGreen,\'IsaidtotheconductorasIgotonthebus,\'butIdon\'tknowwhereitis.\'\'I\'lltellyouwheretogetoff.\'answeredtheconductor.Isatinthefrontofthebustogetagoodviewofthecountryside.Aftersometime,thebusstopped.Lookinground,IrealizedwithashockthatIwastheonlypassengerleftonthebus.\'You\'llhavetogetoffhere,\'theconductorsaid.\'Thisisasfaraswego.\'\'IsthisWoodfordGreen?\'Iasked.\'Ohdear,\'saidtheconductorsuddenly.\'Iforgottoputyouoff.\'\'Itdoesn\'tmatter,\'Isaid.\'I\'llgetoffhere.\'\'We\'regoingbacknow,\'saidtheconductor.\'Well,inthatcase,Iprefertostayonthebus,\'Ianswered.参考译文我喜欢在乡间旅行,但却不愿意迷路.最近我作了一次短途旅行,但这次旅行所花费的时间比我预计的要长.“我要去伍德福德草地,“我一上车就对售票员说,“但我不知道它在哪儿.““我来告诉您在哪儿下车,“售票员回答说.218.我坐在汽车的前部,以便饱览农村风光.过了一些时候,车停了.我环视了一下身旁,惊奇地发现车里就只剩我一个乘客了.“您得在这里下车,“售票员说,“我们的车就到此为止了.““这里是伍德福德草地吗？”我问道.“哎呀,“售票员突然说,“我忘了让您下车了.““没关系,“我说,“我就在这儿下吧.““我们现在要返回去,“售票员说.“好吧,既然如此,我还是留在车上吧.“我回答说.【课文讲解】1、Takenforaridetake…for…把……当作……takenforaride就当作是一次兜风takesb.foraride欺骗takenfor上当了2、Ilovetravellinginthecountry,butIdon\'tlikelosingmyway.love/likedoingsth.喜欢做某事（强调一种习惯）Ilovemybrother,butIdon\'tlikehisgirlfriend.Ilovehavingdinnerwithyou,butIdon\'tlikepayingfordinner.loseone’sway迷路3、Iwentonanexcursionrecently,butmytriptookmelongerthanIexpected.goonanexcursion＝haveanexcursion作一次短距离的旅行goon进行，为（某一目的）而去I’llgoonholidaynextmonth.Didyougoonatriplastmonth?takesb.sometime花费某人多少时间Mytriptookmealongtime.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.花费某人多少时间Ittookmeamonthtolearnbook2.Ittakessb.sometimethat…花费某人多少时间sb.spendsometime(on)doingsth.IspentamonthlearningEnglish.sb.spendsometimeonsth.金钱上的花费cost,payforsth.thanIexpected比我所预料的（口语）ThequestioniseasierthanIexpected.YouaremorebeautifulthanIexpected.YouarebetterthanIexpected.TheholidaytookyoulongerthanIexpected.thanIthought比我原以为的TheEnglishclasstookmelongerthanIthought.4、\'butIdon\'tknowwhereitis.\'219.whereitis[\uf077\uf065\uf045\uf072\uf069\uf074\uf049\uf07a]注意单词的连读，音标以元音音标结尾，字母以“re”或“er”结尾的，会与下一个元音之间加“r”这个音。5、\'I\'lltellyouwheretogetoff.\'answeredtheconductor.getonthebus上车；getoffthebus下车Iwilltellyouwhereyoucan(should)getoff.Noonegoton/off(thebus)atthelastbusstop.“特殊疑问词+to+动词原形”可用来取代宾语从句CanyoutellmehowIcangetthere?=Canyoutellmehowtogetthere?CanyoutellmewhatIshoulddo?=Canyoutellmewhattodo?Idon\'tknowwhichtochoose.Iwonderwhentohaveameeting.Canyoutellmehowtobeginaletter?【语法精粹】1、Didyoufindout__c__thepieoutofoven?a.totakeb.havetakenc.whentotaked.beingtakenfindout发现takesth.outof取出来Didyoufindoutwhenwecould(can)takethepieoutofoven?你发现什么时候才能把馅饼从烤箱中拿出来了吗?6、Isatinthefrontofthebustogetagoodviewofthecountryside.inthefrontof在（某一事物的）前部，前者属于后者的范围Theteacherstandsinthefrontoftheclassroom.infrontof在……前面，前者不属于后者的范围Theteacherstandsinfrontofthestudents.getagoodviewof欣赏……的美景Istoodatthewindowtogetagoodviewofthecity.7、Lookinground,IrealizedwithashockthatIwastheonlypassengerleftonthebus.非谓语动词（现在分词或过去分词）做状语,这个动作必然与主句主语有关：－ing与主句主语构成主动关系；－ed与主句主语构成被动关系；todo与主句主语构成目的关系如果非谓语动词做定语,只与被修饰词相关,与主语无关passingplain路过的飞机；ploughedfield耕过的地如果-ing/-ed做宾补,与宾语有关Ifindthedoorlocked.（locked被动，门被锁）with+n.表示状态Idosthwithanexcitement.left放在被修饰词之后onthebus=inthebus在火车上、汽车上既可以用“in”又可用“on”8、\'Thisisasfaraswego.\'asfaras+从句到……程度/限度，就……的限度而言asfaraswego＝wecouldn\'tgoanymoreThisisasfarasIcando.220.Ican\'tbear(itanymore)./ItwasmorethanIcouldbear.=ThisisasfarasIbear.ThisisasfarasIcanunderstand.ThisisasfarasIcanafford.我只能付这么多钱AsfarasInow,theyhaven’treturnedfromabroad.ThisisasfarasIcanhelpyou.9、\'Ohdear,\'saidtheconductorsuddenly.\'Iforgottoputyouoff.\'ohdear哦,天呐forgettodosth.忘记去做某事Iforgettoshutthedoor.我忘了锁门forgetdoingsth.忘记已经做了什么事Iforgetshuttingthedoor.我忘了门已经锁了putsb.off让……下车（或飞机、船等）putsb.off＝remindsb.todo提醒（某人）……putsb.off推脱,敷衍Mysonalwaysasksmetotakehimup.Ialwaysputhimoff.putsth.off推迟,延期putoffthemeeting，putofftheappointment10、\'Well,inthatcase,Iprefertostayonthebus,\'Ianswered.inthat(this)case如果那样（这样）的话，既然是那样（这样）Isheoneofyourbestfriends?Inthat/thiscase,youmayinvitehim.prefertodosth.宁可做某事prefertodo…ratherthan…宁可……也不……【letterwriting】给朋友写信要称呼他们的名字，如“亲爱的弗雷德”，决不要以“亲爱的朋友”类的词语开头。给亲戚写信，则可以这样开头：亲爱的妈妈、亲爱的爸爸、亲爱的弗雷德叔叔、亲爱的艾丽丝姨妈，但决不可称“亲爱的表兄”，或“亲爱的弗雷德表兄”。给长辈写信，长辈中的直系亲属不加名字，只加称谓；长辈中的旁系亲属既要加称谓，又要加名字。给平辈的亲属写信，直接称呼名字，不加称谓。【Summrywriting】1Wheredidthewriterwanttogo?Didheknowthewayornot?Whatdidtheconductorpromisetodo?(butas)“butas”并不是并列短语,两者连在一起仅仅是巧合ThewriterwantedtogotoWoodfastGreenbutashedidnotknowtheway,theconductorpromisedtotellhimwheretogetoff.第一句和第二句之间是“but”关系,第二句和第三句之间为“as”关系,所以产生“butas”【Keystructures】表示习惯性动作表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词appear，appreciate，believe，feel，forget，hear，know，like，look，notice，remember，resemble，see，think，221.understand，belongto，consistof，contain，desire，detest，dislike，hate，hope，love，matter，mean，mind，need，want，wish常用于一般现在时而不用于进行时【SpecialDifficulties】Lose,Loose,Miss.lose[\uf06c\uf075\uf03a\uf07a]vt.失去，丧失，遗失，丢失Royhaslosthisjobagain.Shelostherparentswhenshewassixteen.Ifyoubetonthathorseyouwillloseyourmoney.（betonsth就……打赌）loose[\uf06c\uf075\uf03a\uf073]adj.松动的，松的，松开的Servralscrewshavecomeloose.（comeloose，松了（系动词+adj.））Thehandleofthissuitcaseisvery/hascomeloose.missv.怀念,思念,错过，未能……，缺（课等），惦念，想念Hurryoryou’llmissthetrain.ImissedmyEnglishlesson.missingadj.不见了的sth.islost=sth.ismissingmissingboy失踪了的孩子(不能用“lost”)Expect,Waitforexpect可以表示“预计……可能发生（或来到），等待，期盼”，它表示等待时往往侧重人的心理而不是具体在某个地方等。Iexpect/I’mexpectingtohearfromyou.I’mexpectingthebustoarriveinthenexttenminutes.MytriptookmelongerthanIexpected.waitfor主要指“等待”这个动作本身。I’mwaitingforthenextbus.【Multiplechoicequestions】4Thetriptookhimlongerthanheexpected.Hedidn\'texpectittolast___c___.a.longerb.aslongc.solongd.suchalonglastv.延续foralongtime=longIhavewaitedforyouforalongtime=Ihavewaitedforyoulong.5‘Where___c___getoff?’Iasked.‘I\'lltellyouwheretogetoff,’answeredtheconductor.a.tob.forc.shallId.inorderto但在日常口语中语法概念很弱,如“Whattodo？”也常常使用,不符合语法,但在写作时语法概念要很强.7Thisisasfaraswego.Wedon\'tgo___a___.a.anyfurtherb.morefarc.furthermored.sofarnotanymore=notanylonger=notanyfurther不再……furthermore更进一步,更有甚者的是222.9Thewritergotonthebus,buthedidn\'tknowwhereto___b___.a.getdownb.getoffc.getoutofd.getover下某种交通工具,一定要用getoffgetdown:如吃完饭后,下桌子时会用getdown（不会和下车相连）Afterdinner,Igotdown.我吃完饭后,离开了桌子.getoutof+地方从……地方出去getover恢复12Iprefertostayonthebus.That\'s___d___.a.myfavouriteb.mybestc.belovedd.whatI\'dliketodobestI’dliketodo…我愿意做某事WhatI’dliketodobest.我最想要做的事Ilikesth.best.我最喜欢的事Lesson51RewardforVirtue【Newwordsandexpressions】（10）rewardn.报偿virtuen.美德dietn.节食forbidv.禁止hurriedlyadv.匆忙地embarrassv.使尴尬guiltilyadv.内疚地strictadj.严格的rewardv.给奖赏occasionallyadv.偶尔地rewardn.★报偿；v.给奖赏givesb.reward给……报偿rewardsb.withsth.用……奖赏...rewardsb.forsth.因为……给某人奖赏…rewardhimforthefirstprizevirtuen.★美德strongpointsn.长处，meritn.优点shortpointsn.短处，weakpoints弱点dietn.★节食goonadiet=beonadiet实行节食forbid[\uf066\uf045\uf035\uf062\uf069\uf064]★（forbade[\uf066\uf045\uf060\uf062\uf041\uf064\uf02c\uf020\uf02d\uf060\uf062\uf065\uf049\uf064]，forbidden[\uf066\uf045\uf035\uf062\uf069\uf064\uf06e]）v.禁止forbidsb.todosth.禁止某人做某事allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事223.ForbiddenCity紫禁城(被禁止的城市)；Forbiddenfruit禁果embarrassv.★使尴尬sth.embarrasssb.……让……感到尴尬Youembarrassedme.你让我感到尴尬embarrassingadj.令人尴尬地；embarrassedadj.感到尴尬embarrassmentn.尴尬Tomyembarrassment，…让我感到尴尬的是……guiltilyadv.★内疚地guiltilyconscience问心有愧clearconscience问心无愧strictadj.★严格的bestrictwithsb.对某人严格Myfatherisstrictwithme.bestrictinsth.对……严格occasionallyadv.★偶而地ontheoccasion偶尔，sometimes偶尔，attimes偶尔offandon偶尔，nowandagain偶尔【Text】Myfriend,Hugh,hasalwaysbeenfat,butthingsgotsobadrecentlythathedecidedtogoonadiet.Hebeganhisdietaweekago.Firstofall,hewroteoutalonglistofallthefoodswhichwereforbidden.ThelistincludedmostofthethingsHughloves:butter,potatoes,rice,beer,milk,chocolate;andsweets.YesterdayIpaidhimavisit.IrangthebellandwasnotsurprisedtoseethatHughwasstillasfatasever.Heledmeintohisroomandhurriedlyhidalargeparcelunderhisdesk.Itwasobviousthathewasveryembarrassed.WhenIaskedhimwhathewasdoing,hesmiledguiltilyandthenputtheparcelonthedesk.Heexplainedthathisdietwassostrictthathehadtorewardhimselfoccasionally.Thenheshowedmethecontentsoftheparcel.Itcontainedfivelargebarsofchocolateandthreebagsofsweets!参考译文我的朋友休一直很胖,但是近来情况变得越发糟糕,以致他决定节食.他是一星期前开始节食的.首先,他开列了一张长长的单子,上面列了所有禁吃的食物.这张单子上的大多数食物都是休喜欢吃的:黄油、土豆、米饭、啤酒、牛奶、巧克力和糖果.昨天我去看望了他.我按响了门铃.当看到休仍和往常一样胖时,我并不感到惊奇.他把我领进屋,慌忙把一个大包藏到了桌子下面.显然他感到很尴尬.当我问他正干什么时,他内疚地笑了,然后把那个大包拿到了桌上.他解释说,他的饮食控制得太严格了,以致不得不偶尔奖赏自己一下.接着他给我看了包里的东西.里面装了5大块巧克力和3袋糖果!【课文讲解】1、Myfriend,Hugh,hasalwaysbeenfat,butthingsgotsobadrecentlythathedecidedtogoonadiet.things（要用复数形式）可以表示“情况，情形，状况，形势”等含义：You’resurelymadethingsworse.Howarethingsgoingonwithyou?get作不及物动词时可以表示“变得”：IgotinterestedinFrench.224.diet用于表示治疗某种疾病或调节体重的“特种饮食”、“规定饮食”时通常与on连用：Thedoctorputhimonastrictdiet.医生让他严格控制饮食。IoncewentonadietforaweekandthenIgaveup.2、Firstofall,hewroteoutalonglistofallthefoodswhichwereforbidden.firstofall首先,首要(许多事情中首要的,即最重要的)FirstofallImustseeyourpasspart.atfirst首先（句型atfirst…,then…起先……然后……)writeout写出，（正式）写，全部写出Youshouldweriteoutareport.3、ThelistincludedmostofthethingsHughloves:butter,potatoes,rice,beer,milk,chocolate;andsweets.mostof…大部分……includ和contain都有“包含”的意思，但contain可以用于表示所包含的全部事物；include则只表示其中的一部分。contain一定是容器里面装，include则含义更广，在这里不能用contain。Itincludedthreebagsofsweets.Doesthebillincludeatip?We’reincludingyouinourteam.4、YesterdayIpaidhimavisit.paysb.avisit拜访某人Payyouavisit.payavisittosb./someplace拜访某人/某地.callupsb./atsomeplace拜访某人/某地haveavisit＝visit5、IrangthebellandwasnotsurprisedtoseethatHughwasstillasfatasever.as…asever像往常一样，照旧，依然ascleanasever；asquietaseverbesurprisedtodosth./besurprisedatsth.6、Heledmeintohisroomandhurriedlyhidalargeparcelunderhisdesk.leadsb.into(进门)；showsb.out(出门)；seesb.off(送行)7、Itwasobviousthathewasveryembarrassed.obviously＝itwasobviousthat…(it为形式主语)显然……【Letterwriting】如果给一个不很熟悉的人写信,应按如下方式开头：亲爱的布朗先生，亲爱的史密斯夫人。在姓名之后总要加上一个逗号。对对方熟悉,但是为了表示一种尊重,也可这么写。写信开头：你的姐姐(Dear+姐姐的名字),你的朋友比尔(DearBill),你的老板(DearMr./Mrs.+某人),你的老校长(DearMr./Mrs.+姓)。在不知道对方性别姓名时:如应聘信开头DearSir/Madam,【Keystructures】一般过去时225.与一般过去时常用的两个词是once和recently，recently在表示“最近一段时期”时也可以与现在完成时连用。一般过去时可以用于时间状语从句中，一般过去时可以用于与最近的打算比较时。【Specialdifficulties】RaiseandRise.rais作动词时只能作及物动词，即它必须跟宾语。它可以表示“举起，往上提，使……升高”等含义：Willthosewhoagreewithmepleaseraisetheirhands?Whydidtheyraiseprices?Heavyrainshaveraisedtheleveloftheriverthisyear.rise作动词时通常为不及物动词，表示“起立，起床，（日、月等）升起”等含义：You’restillinbedandthesunhasalreadyrisen!Allthestudentsrosewhentheteachercameintotheclassroom.LayandLie.lay（laid，laid）vt.置，搁，铺，准备Ilaidyourclothesonthebedsoyoucouldputthemaway.Ifyoucan’tcookthedinner,youcanatleastlaythetable.lie（lay，lain）vi.躺，平卧Areyougoingtospendthewholemorninglyinginbed?BeatandWin.beatvt.打败，战胜，胜过，超过Theybeattheirenemy,thoughtheywerefewerinnumber.Ibeatyou.我打败了你。表示一个球队打败另一个球队也用beat。winvt.在……获胜（成功），赢得，获得，夺得Whowontherace/thewar?beat后面接对手，win不能接对手。【Multiplechoicequestions】4Howlongago___d___hisdiet?a.willhebeginb.hashebegunc.washebeginningd.didhebegin注意因为有ago的词,一定不用完成时,用一般过去时11Hewasveryembarrassed.Hefelt___d___.a.shyb.shamefulc.hotd.uncomfortable注意以下三类词：①感官动词feel,smell(闻起来:Thefoodsmeelwell.),sound(听起来:Theideasoundgood.)②变得get,becomelie③feel+adjshy[\uf046\uf061\uf069]adj.害羞的(习惯性的,在某一种情况下就会作出的反应)shame[\uf046\uf065\uf069\uf06d]n.羞愧shamefuladj.令人羞愧的It’sshameful.(注意它没有“-ing”形式)226.ashamed[]adj.\uf035感到羞愧的Iamashamed.hotadj.热的,恼火的uncomfortableadj.不舒服的,不放松的（comfortable一种自在,轻松,放松）illadj.生病Ifeelill.terribleadj.糟透了,不舒服Lesson52Aprettycarpet【Newwordsandexpressions】（4）temporarilyadv.暂时地inchn.英寸（度量单位）spacen.空间actuallyadv.实际上inch[\uf049\uf06e\uf074\uf046]n.★英寸(度量单位)foot英尺(pl.feet);mile英里space[\uf073\uf070\uf065\uf069\uf073]n.★空间注意读音浊化,六个爆破音中有三个清辅音[\uf070\uf020\uf074\uf020\uf06b]在[\uf073]后面是要浊化为对应的三个浊辅音[\uf062\uf020\uf064\uf020\uf05e]又如school[\uf073\uf06b\uf075\uf03a\uf06c]actually[\uf041\uf06b\uf074\uf046\uf075\uf045\uf06c\uf049]adv.★\uf035实际上＝infact【Text】WehavejustmovedintoanewhouseandIhavebeenworkinghardallmorning.Ihavebeentryingtogetmynewroominorder.ThishasnotbeeneasybecauseIownoverathousandbooks.Tomakemattersworse,theroomisrathersmall,soIhavetemporarilyputmybooksonthefloor.Atthemoment,theycovereveryinchoffloorspaceandIactuallyhavetowalkonthemtogetinoroutoftheroom.Ashortwhileago,mysisterhelpedmetocarryoneofmyoldbookcasesupthestairs.Shewentintomyroomandgotabigsurprisewhenshesawallthosebooksonthefloor.\'ThisistheprettiestcarpetIhaveeverseen,\'shesaid.Shegazedatitforsometimethenadded,\'Youdon\'tneedbookcasesatall.Youcansithereinyoursparetimeandreadthecarpet!\'参考译文我们刚刚搬进一所新房子,我辛辛苦苦地干了整整一个上午.我试图把我的新房间收拾整齐,但这并不容易,因为我有1,000多本书.更糟糕的是房间还非常小,所以我暂时把书放在了地板上.这会儿,书把地板的每一点空隙都占据了,我实际上是踩着这些书进出房间的.几分钟前,我妹妹帮我把一个旧书橱抬上了楼.她走进我的房间,当她看到地板上的那些书时,大吃一惊.“这是我见过的最漂亮的地毯,”她说.她盯着“地毯”看了一会儿,又说:“你根本用不着书橱,空闲时你可以坐在这儿读地毯!”【课文讲解】1、WehavejustmovedintoanewhouseandIhavebeenworkinghardallmorning.现在完成进行时用来强调动作在某一段时间内一直在进行，而且动作有现在的结果。现在完成时表示227.在漫长地时间段，过去发生的,还一定要对现在产生影响；在过去发生的动作,一直延续到现在，现在完成时,动词一定是延续性动词Ithasrainedforhalfday.Ithasbeenraining.2、Ihavebeentryingtogetmynewroominorder.getsth.inorder使……有秩序，把……整理好(get使役动词)inorder整齐，井然有序，有秩序,有次序Get/Puteverythinginorderbeforeyouleavetheroom.3、ThishasnotbeeneasybecauseIownoverathousandbooks.own★vt.①拥有Iownoverathousandbooks.vt.&vi.②承认Heownedtostealingthewallet.Heowned(that)hehadmadeamistake.adj.③自己的Hehasacarofhisown.Helivesinhisownhouse.4、Tomakemattersworse,theroomisrathersmall,soIhavetemporarilyputmybooksonthefloor.tomakemattersworse更糟糕的是……，插入语Ilostmywayintheforest,andtomakemattersworse,itbecamedark.ratheradj.相当的5、Atthemoment,theycovereveryinchoffloorspaceandIactuallyhavetowalkonthemtogetinoroutoftheroom.atthemoment＝now现在，此刻，目前everyinch每一英寸(夸张)GoldcoveredeveryinchofthegroundinAmerica.Itiswortheverypennyofit.6、Ashortwhileago,mysisterhelpedmetocarryoneofmyoldbookcasesupthestairs.helpsb.(to)dosth.帮某人做某事(to可省略)helpsb.withsth.帮某人做某事HehelpmetolearnEnglish.HehelpmewithmyEnglish.withone’shelp在某人的帮助下Withyourhelpimadegreatprogress.7、\'ThisistheprettiestcarpetIhaveeverseen,\'shesaid.“Ihaveeverseen”做定语从句出现,是最高级的标志8、Shegazedatitforsometimethenadded,\'Youdon\'tneedbookcasesatall.Youcansithereinyourspare228.timeandreadthecarpet!\'gazedat对……向往,羡慕notatall完全不，起强调作用inone’ssparetime某人空闲的时候，spare表示“空闲的，多余的”Iliketoreadinmysparetime.Haveyougotasparemoment?你（现在）有空吗？【Keystructures】现在完成时，现在完成进行时现在完成时：havedone，表示已完成的动作现在完成进行时：havebeendoing，强调动作在某一段时间内一直在进行，而且动作现在有结果。到现在为止，该动作可能已不再继续进行，也可能还在继续进行，这要根据上下文来确定。句子中常含有all+表示时间的词语如allday，allmorning等或for和since。Ihavereadthebook.书已看完Ihavebeenreadingthebook.还没看完,还要继续表示持续性的动词，如learn，lie，live，rain，sleep，stand，可以同since或for副词短语连用，也可用于以howlong开头的疑问句中：I’vebeenworkingforExxonfor15years.现在完成进行时还可以表示经常重复的动作：JimhasbeenphoningJennyeverynightforthelastweek.与段时间连用可以用现在完成时,也可以用现在完成进行时,但跟次数连用的,一定只能用完成时,不能用现在完成进行时Hehasrungmeupfivetimessince12o’clock.【语法精髓】1、Youshouldgotobed.You_____(watch)TVfor5hours.2、I_____(write)letterssincebreakfast.3、I_____(write)3letterssincebreakfast.4、Sorry,butMr.Smith_____(leave)forBeijing.5、I_____(look)forhimeverywhere,wherecanhebe?1、havebeenwatching/havewatched2、havingbeenwriting3、havewritten4、hasleft和现在完成进行时连用的,一定不能是次数；和现在完成进行时连用的动词,一定不能是短暂动词，leave是瞬间动词5、havebeenlooking通过“wherecanhebe?”这句话可知人没找到,还要继续找【SpecialDifficulties】形容词、相应的副词及其用法：许多副词，特别是表示方式的副词，皆由形容词加-ly构成，如easy（容易的）/easyly（容易地），beautiful（漂亮的）/beautifully（漂亮地）。一些频度副词也如此构成，如usual（通常）/usually（通常地）。还有少数几个表示程度及观点的副词也都以-ly结尾：high（高的）/highly（高度地），real（真的）/really（真正的）。大多数形容词加“ly”变为副词:如beautiful－－beautifully，但是不是所有的形容词都可以加229.ly(asleep)；不是所有的副词都一定以ly结尾(late)；不是所有的加ly的都是副词(lovely)有些副词虽然由形容词加-ly构成，但在意义上与其相应的形容并不相同，如hard（勤奋的，困难的）/hardly（几乎不），cold（冷的）/coldly（冷淡的），late（迟到的，晚的）/lately（最近，近来），near（近的，接近的）/nearly（几乎，差不多，差点儿）。有些副词有两种形式。有的意义相同，如cheap（廉价的）/cheaply（廉价地），但有的意义不同如late（迟，晚）/lately（近来），hard（努力地，猛烈地）/hardly（几乎不）。late迟；latelyadv.近来(=recently)hard努力地(表示程度深),困难地(=difficult)；hardly几乎不high高的，〈adv.>高度地；highly〈adv.>高度地(不能用尺度测量的,抽象的)deep深的；deeply〈adv.>深度地(不能用尺度测量的,抽象的)near在旁边的；nearly〈adv.>几乎,将近有些副词在形式上与形容词相同，如fast，past，far等。大多数方式副词的位置一般在宾语或动词前面，表示时间的副词常位于句尾，有时也可位于句首。程度副词，如almost，enough，hardly，nearly，quite，rather，too等，大部分用在它们所修饰的动词之前。副词修饰动词(walkquickly),形容词(verybeautiful),副词词性本身(verymuch),还可以修饰句子QuiteandQuietquiteadv.完全，相当，很I’mquiteready.我已全准备好了。Areyouquitecertain?你敢完全肯定吗？quietadj.安静的，平静的，静止的，寂静的Theseawasveryquietthismorning.今天上午上海很平静。Thehousebecamequietagainwhenthechildrenweregone.【Multiplechoicequestions】3Hehasbeenworkingallmorningandhe___c___hard.a.stillworksb.hasstillworkedc.isstillworkingd.stillworkedstillworks一般现在时是一种习惯4He\'sbeentryingtogethisroominorder.Hewantsto___a___.a.makeittidyb.keepittidyc.madeorderd.keeporderkeeporder保持秩序动词+宾语+形容词(做宾补)，此类动词常见的有:get,keep,make,find(其中getmake是使役动词)7Thewriter___c___bookcases.a.needn\'tb.needsnotc.doesn\'tneedd.isn\'tneedingneedn’t情态动词后面不能加动词neednot实义动词后面不能加not，need不用进行时态10Heactuallyhastowalkonthem.Hecan\'tdo___c___.a.elseb.differentc.otherwised.otherelse一定放在不定代词和疑问代词后面anythingelse,anybodyelse,whoelse,whatelse等different形容词,动词后应加副词或名词做宾语,而不是形容词other形容词；theother代词otherwise★①conj.否则,不然230.Hurryup,otherwiseyouwillmisstrain.adj.②另外的,其他方面的adv.③另外,否则,不同地,别的方式(=differently)12Youcansithereinyoursparetime.Youcansitherewhenyou\'re___d___.a.workingb.studyingc.notworkingd.readingsparetime=notwork在考试时没上下文是答案为c；在本课文中应为dLesson53Hotsnake【Newwordsandexpressions】（13）hotadj.带电的，充电的firemann.消防队员causev.引起；n.原因examinev.检查accidentallyadv.意外地，偶然地remainsn.尸体，残骸wiren.电线voltn.伏特（电压单位）powerline电力线solvev.解决mysteryn.谜（无法接受地,解释不了的）snatchv.抓住sparkn.电火花hotadj.★带电的,充电的hotadj.热的；新鲜的；棘手的；带电的,充电的hot-hot-hot麻辣烫；hot-wings辣鸡翅；hotdog热狗hot-tempered火暴(脾气)的（temper[]n.\uf035脾气）hotline热线；hottopic热门话题hotcake热蛋糕Itsellslikeahotcake/cakes.表示一个东西的畅销,热销bestseller畅销的东西hotpotato棘手的问题hotnews最热点的新闻firemann.★消防队员hydrant[]n.\uf035消防栓,消防龙头fireextinguisher灭火器（extinguisher[]n.\uf035熄灭者,灭火器）extinguish＝putout灭火causev.&n.★引起；原因v.①引起231.causesth.引起麻烦Carelessnesscausesaccidents.粗心导致事故Pridecausesfailure.骄傲使人失败causesb.todosth.引起某人做某事,导致某人做某事Illnesscausedhimtolosehistemper.(loseone’stemper发火)n.②原因，强调事情发生的直接原因(一个)because因为reason理由，其他各种的理由(很多个)examinev.★检查examinethesoilcheckv.核实,核对accidentallyadv.★意外地,偶然地(但更趋向于“偶然”的意思)accident－>accidental－>accidentallyaccidentn.事故unexpectedlyadv.出乎意料地(更趋向于“意外”的意思)remainsn.★尸体,残骸remains指deadbodysolvev.★解决solvethemysterysolvetheproblemsnatchv.★抓住catchv.抓，如抓鱼holdv.握着snatchv.(突然抓起来)强调动作的突然性seizev.抓住(用力)seizemyarm【Text】AtlastfiremenhaveputoutabigforestfireinCalifornia.Sincethen,theyhavebeentryingtofindouthowthefirebegan.Forestfiresareoftencausedbybrokenglassorbycigaretteendswhichpeoplecarelesslythrowaway.Yesterdaythefiremenexaminedthegroundcarefully,butwerenotabletofindanybrokenglass.Theywerealsoquitesurethatacigaretteenddidnotstartthefire.Thismorning,however,afiremenaccidentallydiscoveredthecause.Henoticedtheremainsofasnakewhichwaswoundroundtheelectricwiresofa16,000-voltpowerline.Inthisway,hewasabletosolvethemystery.Theexplanationwassimplebutveryunusual.Abirdhadsnatchedupthesnakefromthegroundandthendroppeditontothewires.Thesnakethenwounditselfroundthewires.Whenitdidso,itsentsparksdowntothegroundandtheseimmediatelystartedafire.参考译文消防队员们终于扑灭了加利福尼亚的一场森林大火.从那时起,他们一直试图找出起火的原因.森林火灾时常由破碎的玻璃或人们随手扔掉的香烟头引起.昨天,消防队员仔细查看了地面,但未能发现碎玻璃.他们还十分肯定火灾也不是由烟头引起的.然而今天上午,一个消防队员偶然发现了起火的原因.他发现了232.缠绕在16,000伏高压线上的一条死蛇.就这样,他解开了起火之谜.解释很简单,却异乎寻常.一只鸟把蛇从地上抓起来,然后把它扔到了电线上.于是蛇就缠住了几根电线.当它这样做时,把火花送到了地面,这些火花立刻引起了一场大火.【课文讲解】1、Hotsnakehotsnake触电的蛇getaelectricshock触电2、AtlastfiremenhaveputoutabigforestfireinCalifornia.atlast最后，终于putoutafire扑灭火（putout扑灭，熄灭，关掉）Pleaseputthelight/fireout.afire一场(堆)火3、Sincethen,theyhavebeentryingtofindouthowthefirebegan.sincethen从那时起，到现在为止findout（经过研究、努力等）找出，发现，查出……（这里findout的宾语是个从句）I’lltryandfindoutthenameofthepersonwhosavedmylifeyesterday.4、Forestfiresareoftencausedbybrokenglassorbycigaretteendswhichpeoplecarelesslythrowaway.brokenglass被打碎的玻璃片cigaretteends烟头5、Theywerealsoquitesurethatacigaretteenddidnotstartthefire.beableto能够；benotableto没有能够besurethat对……很有把握；quitesure相当的把握性ratheradv.相当fairly[]adv.\uf035相当,公正地,诚实地quite(＝completely)－>rather－>fairly程度一个比一个轻quiteafew颇有几个(相当多的)startafire＝causeafire（startvt.使……发生，引起）6、Thismorning,however,afiremenaccidentallydiscoveredthecause.accidentally=bychance偶然地discover本身含有偶然发现（某个已经存在的东西）的含义Idon’tknowwhodiscoveredAmerica.7、Henoticedtheremainsofasnakewhichwaswoundroundtheelectricwiresofa16,000-voltpowerline.notice注意别人没注意的东西theremains表示“尸体，残骸”，必须用复数形式：Thevillagersweresurprisedtoseetheremainsofanaeroplanenearthelake.16,000-voltpowerline连字符“-”一旦加在两个词之间,这个词之间就失去了加复数的资格,能够加连字符的概念一定是做定语wind[\uf077\uf061\uf069\uf06e\uf064]vt.★缠绕，卷在……上；盘旋，蜿蜒233.vt.①缠绕，卷在……上（常与around/round连用）Didyouwindthispieceofwireroundthetree?vt.②蜿蜒，盘旋windone\'sway蜿蜒而行8、Inthisway,hewasabletosolvethemystery.inthisway就这样9、Abirdhadsnatchedupthesnakefromthegroundandthendroppeditontothewires.haddone先发生的事drop无意掉下去的10、Whenitdidso,itsentsparksdowntothegroundandtheseimmediatelystartedafire.doso这么做Irefusetodoso.我拒绝这么做so常用于一些动词之后，代指前面提过的某个动作/某件事，以免重复Ithink/believeso.【Summarywriting】1HavefiremenputoutabigforestfireinCaliforniaornot?Havetheybeentryingtodiscoveritscause?(Nowthat...)2Wasthereanyevidencethatitwasstartedbybrokenglassorbyacigaretteendornot?5Wheredidthesnakewinditself?Whathaditsenttotheground?Didthiscausethefireornot?(Inwinding...and)1NowthatfiremanhaveputoutabigforestfireinCalifornia,theyhavebeentryingtodiscoveritscause.nowthat既然2evidencen.证据区分同位语从句与定语从句地区别：如果that做了主语或者宾语,是定语从句；如果that既不作主语也不作宾语,是同位语从句fact,evidence的后面往往是加同为语从句5(In)windingitselfaroundthewiresthesnakehadsentsparkstothegroundanditcausedthefire.介词“in”“on”放在动词“-ing”前面的理解方式和没有“in”“on”的理解方式一样【Keystructures】一般过去时、现在完成时与现在完成进行时一般过去时通常与一个表示确切的时间的状语连用，现在完成时则有时与表示一段时间的状语连用，有时不需要时间状语，而现在完成进行时则有时与表示一段时间的状语连用，有时与all+表示时间的名词连用。现在完成时与一般过去时中既可以用状态动词（表示存在、拥有、感情、思想、需求等的动词）也可以用行为动词，现在完成进行时则通常与行为动词连用。【SpecialDifficulties】Throwto，ThrowatandThrowawaythrow作及物动词主要含义为“投，掷，抛，扔”。throwto(sb.)扔给（某人）HethrewtheballtomeandIcaughtit.234.throwat对准某一目标扔Theboythrewastoneatthewindowandbrokeit.throwaway扔掉，丢弃Manypeoplethrowawaycigaretteendscarelessly.CauseandReasoncausen.①原因，起因；Doyouknowthecauseofthewar?Whatwasthecauseofthedelay?v.②使……产生/发生，引起causesth.导致,引起Whatcausedtheaccident?causesb.todosth.导致某人做某事reasonn.①理由，原因Givemeyourreasonsforgoingthere.Whatwasthereasonforthedelay?作“原因”讲时，reason与cause可以互换，但reason与介词for连用；而cause则与介词of连用。reason后面通常跟why引导的从句：Thatwasthereasonwhythemeetingwasputoff.v.②推理，劝导，说服reasonwithsb.劝说(以道理)Howcanyoureasonwithhimwhenheissoworried?DropandFalldropvi.&vt.（使）掉下，（使）落下，放下（强调的是不小心掉下来）Ashewalkedpastthetree,anappledroppedfromit.Thewaiterdroppedafork.fallvi.落下，（雨、雪）下，降，跌倒，摔倒（强调的是掉下来的概念,动作）Ifellandhurtmyself.Whenleavesfallinautumn,I’llcomeback.【Multiplechoicequestions】6Hewasabletosolvethemystery.He___c___.a.couldifhewantedtob.couldbuthedidn\'twanttoc.succeededinsolvingitd.didn\'tsucceedinsolvingitbeableto＝can,succeedindoing11Inthiswayhewasabletosolvethemystery.___c___hedidit.a.That\'ssob.Likethisc.That\'showd.Sointhisway=that’show以这种方式like在英文中不表示方式,只表示两者的东西很象Lesson54Stickyfingers235.【Newwordsandexpressions】（14）stickyadj.粘的fingern.手指pien.馅饼mixv.混合，拌和pastryn.面糊annoyingadj.恼人的receivern.电话的话筒dismayv.失望，泄气recognizev.认出，听出persuadev.说服，劝说messn.乱七八糟doorknobn.门把手signv.签字registerv.挂号邮寄stickyadj.★粘的asstickyasglue和胶水一样粘fingern.★手指thumb大拇指；indexfinger食指；middlefinger中指；ringfinger无名指；littlefinger小指toe[\uf074\uf045\uf075]n.脚趾mixv.★混合,拌和vt.①使混和，拌和Iwasbusymixingbutterandflour.Youcanmixsomesaltintotheflour.vi.②交往，相处I’mnotgoingtomixwiththosepeople.我不打算和那些人来往。Marydoesn’tmixmuch.玛丽不太和人交往。mixturen.混合物annoyingadj.★恼人的Itisannoying.annoyedadj.感到烦恼的（比anger的语气弱）dismayv.★失望,泄气dismaysb.让某人感到失望dismayingadj.令人失望；dismayedadj.感到失望recognizev.★认出，听出vt.①辨出，认出，认识IrecognizedthevoiceofHelenBates.vt.②承认，确认，认可ItisrecognizedthatJaneisthemostintelligentgirlamongus.236.HerecognizedDanasoneofhisbestfriends.persuadev.★说服,劝说persuade表示劝说已经成功trytopersuade劝说reasonwithsb.劝说，并不能说明是否劝说成功messn.★乱七八糟口语中amess用来指“困境，窘境，一团糟”等含义Whatamess!真是糟糕透了！Youareamess!你真邋遢Theman/womanisamess.makeamessofsth.把……搅得乱七八糟Hemadeamessofmyjob.他把我的工作搅得一团糟Makesomejamifyouwantto,butdon’tmakeamessinthekitchen.signv.★签字signyourname(s)here在这签名(许多人加“s”)signfor签收signature[]n.\uf035签名Ineedyoursignature.我需要你的签名autograph[]n.\uf035明星,名人的签名(n.亲笔签名；v.签署)registerv.★挂号邮寄aregisteredletter挂号信【Text】Afterbreakfast,IsentthechildrentoschoolandthenIwenttotheshops.ItwasstillearlywhenIreturnedhome.Thechildrenwereatschool,myhusbandwasatworkandthehousewasquiet.SoIdecidedtomakesomemeatpies.InashorttimeIwasbusymixingbutterandflourandmyhandsweresooncoveredwithstickypastry.Atexactlythatmoment,thetelephonerang.Nothingcouldhavebeenmoreannoying.IpickedupthereceiverbetweentwostickyfingersandwasdismayedwhenIrecognizedthevoiceofHelenBates.Ittookmetenminutestopersuadehertoringbacklater.AtlastIhungupthereceiver.Whatamess!Therewaspastryonmyfingers,onthetelephone,andonthedoorknobs.Ihadnosoonergotbacktothekitchenthanthedoorbellrangloudenoughtowakethedead.Thistimeitwasthepostmanandhewantedmetosignforaregisteredletter!参考译文早饭后,我送孩子们上学,然后就去了商店.我回到家时,时间还早.孩子们在上学,我丈夫在上班,家里清静得很.于是我决定做些肉馅饼.不一会儿我就忙着调拌起了黄油和面粉,很快我的手上就沾满了粘粘的面糊.恰恰在此时,电话铃响了.没有什么能比这更烦人了.我用两个沾满面糊的手指捏起了话筒.当我听出是海伦·贝茨的声音时,非常丧气.我用了10分钟的时间才说服她过会儿再来电话.我终于挂上了话筒.真是糟糕透了!我的手指上、电话机上以及门的把手上,都沾上了面糊.我刚回到厨房,门铃又响了起来,响声足以把死人唤醒.这次是邮递员,他要我签收一封挂号信!【课文讲解】1、Thechildrenwereatschool,myhusbandwasatworkandthehousewasquiet.237.atschool在上学；atwork在上班；athome在家休息school和work前都不加冠词，因为不是指具体那个学校或具体干什么工作，只是泛指他们在干什么。home为副词，所以也不加冠词。2、InashorttimeIwasbusymixingbutterandflourandmyhandsweresooncoveredwithstickypastry.bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事flour面粉,不可数名词,注意发音于“flower[]”\uf035相同,但“flower”是可数名词,一般会用复数“flowers”becoveredwith…盖满……3、Atexactlythatmoment,thetelephonerang.atexactlythatmoment就在那时，恰恰在此时exactly用于加强语气，表示“正、恰恰”：That’sexactlywhatIwantedtotellyou.4、Nothingcouldhavebeenmoreannoying.Noonecouldbe/havebeen…没有人……Noonecouldbe/havebeenfatter.没有人更胖了Nothingcouldhavebeen…没有……更……Nothingcouldhavebeencheaper.没有什么东西更便宜了Nothingcouldhavebeenmoreexciting.没有什么事情更令人激动Nofacecouldbeuglier.没有一张脸更丑了(ugly[])\uf035Nobookscouldbemoreinteresting.没有书更有趣了5、IpickedupthereceiverbetweentwostickyfingersandwasdismayedwhenIrecognizedthevoiceofHelenBates.pickupthereceiver捡起话筒6、Ittookmetenminutestopersuadehertoringbacklater.persuadesb.todosth.说服某人做某事Ipersuadedhimtogiveupthatplan.persuadesb.intodoingsth.说服某人做……Ipersuadedhimintogivingupthatplan.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.花费某人多久做某事（“it”作形式主语）ringback回电话；再打电话later表示“过后，以后”Tenminuteslater,thebusarrived.Pleasecomebacklater(on).7、AtlastIhungupthereceiver.hangup挂起hangupthereceiver挂断电话8、Ihadnosoonergotbacktothekitchenthanthedoorbellrangloudenoughtowakethedead.nosooner…than…=hardly…when…刚……就……（用于过去完成时）238.enoughn.&adj.&adv.★足够n.①足够Ihave/hadhadenough.我已经拥有足够了。adj.②足够的enough+n./n.+enough修饰名词Ihaveenoughtime/timeenough.adv.③足以……enough修饰adj.或者adv.时一定要放在被修饰词的后面enoughtodosth.足以用来做某事Heisrichenoughtobuythewholecity.他富有的可以买下整个城市Thewaterinthepooliswarmenough(toswimin).Iamhungryenoughtoeatsth.【Summarywriting】1Didthewriterreturnhomefromtheshopsornot?Whatdidshebegintomake?(Assoonas)1assoonas=when，时间状语从句引导词，assoonas强调这个动作一发生,立即就发生了另一个动作when不强调两个动作紧密相连4Didshelookatthemessshehadmadeornot?(Afterthat)after作介词,后接名词或代词作宾语；作连词,后接句子文中“that”为代词,“afterthat”仅为介词短语【Composition】2Twohourshadpassed.Ismelledsomethingburning.(When)TwohourshadpassedwhenIsmelledsomethingburning.…(time)passed,andthen…；…(time)passed,before…一般不会把“when”放在“…(time)passed…”之前,这是一种习惯somethingburningburning放在不定代词后面,“-ing”表主动关系,即表示东西正在燃烧.【Letterwriting】在信的第一段里,你应该提及你已经收到的一封信或促使你回信的某一事件pleasedtodosth.非常高兴的Iwasverypleasedtolearnthatyouarewell.Iwasverypleasedtolearnthatyouhaveababy.恭喜你做爸爸了Thankyoufor+n.【Keystructures】The,SomeandAny1、some和any可用于不可数名词及复数可数名词之前，some通常用于肯定句，any通常用于否定句或疑问句中。但在期待得到肯定答复的疑问句中也可以用some，而在肯定句中表示“随便哪个，任何一个”的含义时也可以用any。ThesearetheonlymeatpiesIhave.Doyouwantsomeofthem?Yes,please.Anymeatpieswilldo.2、有些形容词可以用于the之后（决不能用于a/an之后），表示作为整体的群体，如theblind，thedeaf，theliving，thedead，therich，thepoor，theyoung，theold。这些形容词后要跟复数动词，不可用这些形容词本身来指个体：TheGovernmentalwaysmakessurethattheoldarecaredfor.Thisisaspecialschoolforthedeaf.239.如果想指单数个体，则可以说：Samisayoungmanwithalotofmoney.3、当下列名词指其“主要目的”，即与其相关的动作时，要用零冠词（即名词前没有冠词）。这类名词有bed，church，class，college，hospital，market，prison，school，sea，university，work。但在特指的东西面前要用the，泛指同类事物中的任何一个时则用a。4、在形容词/副词的最高级前面要用the，但当most表示“大多数”时它前面则不加the。themost最mostofthe…大部分的……mostoftheyoungpeople大部分年轻人Mostyoungmenhavetoworkhard.Mostbuildingsinthisdistrictbelongtothegovernment.【Multiplechoicequestions】5Nothingcouldhavebeenmoreannoying.Itwas___d___annoyingthingthatcouldhavehappened.a.themoreb.morec.mostd.themostnothing+bemoreannoying表达最高级含义8Shewasbusymixingbutterandflour.Shewas___d___.a.joiningthemb.unitingthemc.unifyingthemd.puttingthemtogetherUnitedStates(政治上的联合)；unify与unite的用法基本相同,指的是政治上的联合joinv.加入，①加入团体，组织jointhearmy/jointheparty②加入某某人Joinus!(口语常用,注意连读)10ShewasdismayedwhensheheardHelenBates.Shefelt______.a.pityb.sorryc.illd.tiredtired单独用表示“很累”，只有“tiredof”表示“厌烦”pity为名词,sorry为形容词，fell为感官动词，后接形容词ill身体上的不舒服Lesson55Notagoldmine【Newwordsandexpressions】（19）goldn.金子minen.矿treasuren.财宝revealern.探测器inventv.发明detectv.探测buryv.埋藏caven.山洞seashoren.海岸piraten.海盗240.armv.武装soiln.泥土entrancen.入口finallyadv.最后worthlessadj.毫无价值的thoroughlyadv.彻底地trunkn.行李箱confidentadj.有信心的valuen.价值gold[\uf05e\uf045\uf075\uf06c\uf064]n.★金子sth.bemadeofgold……由金子做成的goldwatch；goldring；goldensun金色的太阳golden[]adj.\uf035金色的,宝贵的Silenceisgolden.沉默是金goldenopportunity宝贵的机会(opportunity[]n.\uf037\uf035机会,时机)goldensentence黄金句型Iamhonouredtohavetheopportuneitytodosth.Iamgladtohavethegoldenopportunitytodosth.Iamgladtohavethegoldenopportunitytostaywithyou.goldfishn.金鱼platinum[]n.\uf035白金,铂treasuren.★财宝(为总称,没有复数)‘treasureisland’《金银岛》jewel[]n.\uf035宝石珠宝,(可数)jewelry[]n.\uf035珠宝,珠宝类珠宝(总称,不可数)Ihavesomejewels.=Ihavesomejewelry.diamondn.钻石jade[\uf064\uf056\uf065\uf069\uf064]n.碧玉(不可数名词)jadepalace翠宫饭店revealern.★探测器revealv.揭示inventv.★发明inventionn.发明detectv.★探测detectiven.侦探piraten.★海盗pirate[]n.\uf035海盗,盗印者,盗版者,侵犯专利权者vt.盗印,盗版,掠夺,翻印vi.做海盗241.armv.★武装n.①手臂；武器holdone\'sarmFarewell!Arms永别了,武器farewell[]int.\uf035\uf035再会,别了!(常含有永别或不容易再见面的意思)v.②武装Soldiersshouldbearmedwell.士兵应该要很好的武装。bearmedwith…用……来武装Theyouthshouldbearmedwithknowledge.年轻人应该用知识武装自己Theteachershouldbepatient.=Theteachershouldbearmedwithpatience.becoveredwith被……覆盖armyn.军队soiln.★泥土soiln.土壤(能生长植物的地方)earthn.泥土(泥巴)entrancen.★入口entranceof/to………的入口entranceofthepark；entrancetotheparkexit[]n.\uf035出口,太平门,退场,去世；vi.退出,脱离,去世thoroughlyadv.★彻底地completely/thoroughly/totallyconfidentn.★有信心的beconfidentofdoingsth.有信心做……beconfidentthat+从句有信心做……confidencen.信心【Text】Dreamsoffindinglosttreasurealmostcametruerecently.Anewmachinecalled\'TheRevealer\'hasbeeninventedandithasbeenusedtodetectgoldwhichhasbeenburiedintheground.Themachinewasusedinacaveneartheseashorewhere--itissaid--piratesusedtohidegold.Thepirateswouldoftenburygoldinthecaveandthenfailtocollectit.Armedwiththenewmachine,asearchpartywentintothecavehopingtofindburiedtreasure.Theleaderofthepartywasexaminingthesoilneartheentrancetothecavewhenthemachineshowedthattherewasgoldundertheground.Veryexcited,thepartydugaholetwofeeldeep.Theyfinallyfoundasmallgoldcoinwhichwasalmostworthless.Thepartythensearchedthewholecavethoroughlybutdidnotfindanythingexceptanemptytintrunk.Inspiteofthis,manypeopleareconfidentthat\'TheRevealer\'mayrevealsomethingofvaluefairlysoon.参考译文最近,找到失踪宝藏的梦想差一点儿变成现实.一种叫“探宝器”的新机器已经发明出来,并被人们用来探测地下埋藏的金子.在靠近海边的一个据说过去海盗常在里面藏金子的岩洞里,这种机器被派上了用场.海盗们过去常把金子埋藏在那个洞里,可后来却没能取走.一支用这种新机器装备起来的探宝队进入了这个岩洞,希望找到埋藏着的金子.当这个队的队长正在检查洞口附近的土壤时,那台机器显示出它的下242.面埋有金子.队员们异常激动,就地挖了一个两英尺深的坑,但最后找到的是一枚几乎一钱不值的小金币.队员们接着又把整个洞彻底搜寻了一遍,但除了一只空铁皮箱外什么也没找到.尽管如此,很多人仍然相信“探宝器”很快就会探出值钱的东西来.【课文讲解】1、Dreamsoffindinglosttreasurealmostcametruerecently.dreamn.★梦；v.做梦n.①梦想dreamscometrue梦想成真dreamsended梦想破灭了,梦断了dreamof………的梦Dreamofflyingintheskycomestrue.v.②做梦dreamofdoingsth.Idreamofflyinginthesky.(dreamv)cometrue变成现实，（预言、期望等）成为事实，（愿意）实现Hisdreamtotravelaroundtheworldatlastcametrue.2、Anewmachinecalled\'TheRevealer\'hasbeeninventedandithasbeenusedtodetectgoldwhichhasbeenburiedintheground.一句话中只有一个动词,如果再出现动词,可以用and并列连接,也可以变成复合句,用when,because连接,还可以使这个动词表示动词意思,但不做谓语,即非谓语动词过去分词做定语,表示“被”，如ploughedfieldn.+called被称之为……的……（如果用短语修饰其他词,则把短语放在被修饰词的后边）theplanecalleda“PilatusPorter”beusedtodosth.被用来……usedtodo过去常常同位语从句中的引导词只有一个that，不会用whichintheground(更习惯于用“undertheground”)3、Themachinewasusedinacaveneartheseashorewhere--itissaid--piratesusedtohidegold.itissaid是插入语，当“据说”讲。where=inwhich翻译时译为“在那儿”，修饰cave；一个地点状语从句ThisistheriverwhereIswim.4、Thepirateswouldoftenburygoldinthecaveandthenfailtocollectit.would表示过去的习惯性动作,但此处表示“usedto”过去常做failtodosth.未能、不能、忘记做某事项（fail后面接动词不定式表示否定）Hefailedtoseethereasonwhytheysenthimaway.collect的含义之一为“（去）取，接”Don’tfailtocollectmebeforeyougototheparty.I’llcollectmypostonmywayhome.5、Armedwiththenewmachine,asearchpartywentintothecavehopingtofindburiedtreasure.243.如果几个句子的主语是同一事物,则可以把几个句子合并为一个句子。保留一个句子做主句,其他的变成非谓语动词。非谓语动词采用何种形式,则根据其与主语的关系,如果是主动关系,用-ing,被动关系,则用动词的-ed形式主句与其他句子的位置安排要保持句子的平衡,还要注意动作的连贯Theboywenthome.Theboywascrying.Theboywasbeaten.=Beatenbysb,theboywenthome,crying.arm(ed)with可以表示“带着、装着、穿着”等Don’tworry.I’marmedwithanumbrella.You’dbetterarmyourselfwithawarmcoat.6、Veryexcited,thepartydugaholetwofeeldeep.Veryexciting,…形容词短语做状语Tiredofsleepingonthefloor,…Tired,Iwenthome./Iwenthometired.句子顺序不同,表达的意思也不同twofeetdeep“数词+量词+形容词”结构可以做定语；也可以做表语Iamfiveyearsold.Thestreetisfivemeterswide.long/wide/high/deep，人有多高用“tall”7、Inspiteofthis,manypeopleareconfidentthat\'TheRevealer\'mayrevealsomethingofvaluefairlysoon.inspiteof/though/evenif尽管somethingofvalueof表示其所修饰的名词具有某种性质、状况，of加名词往往让人联想这名词对应的形容词Thenewsisofgreatimportancetous.ofvalue＝valuable有价值的ofsmallvalue价值很小(=almostworthless)形容词要放在不定代词的后边somethingimportant=somethingofimportancesomeonepatient=someoneofpatience【Summarywriting】1Is‘TheRevealer’anewmachineoranoldmachine?Isitusedfordetectingburiedgoldornot?(which)2Didasearchpartyusethismachineornot?Wheredidtheytrytofindgoldrecently?(Usingthismachine...)3Didtheyexaminethecavethoroughlyornot?Didtheyonlyfindasmallgoldcoin?Wasitvaluableorwasitpracticallyworthless?(Although...which)4Domanypeoplebelievethatthemachinemayrevealsomethingofvaluesoonornot?(However)1、machine作为先行词,it指代machine,会被which所取代2、Usingthismachine,aseachpartytriedtofindthegoldincameneartheseashore.3、Although会引导让步状语从句,which会引导一个定于从句Althoughtheyexaminedthecamethoroughly,theyonlyfoundasmallgoldcoinwhichwaspracticallyworthless.4、however放在句首句中都可以,要用逗号隔开【Keystructures】表示过去习惯性动作当我们提到过去某一特定时间时,我们有时可用would来代替usedto，有时则不可以，而且would需244.要指出具体时间，usedto则不需要。当usedto暗示与现在的对照时，不可用would替换：Iusedtodrinkheavily,butIhavegivenupdrinkingnow.Ineverusedtoeatalargebreakfast,butIdonow.当usedto描写过去的状态时，也不可与would互换，would只表示过去特有的习惯或行为：Thissortofnovelusedtobeverypopular.这种小说过去很流行.Iusedtobeawaiter,butnowI’mataxi-driver.当usedto不强调与现在的对比时，可与would互换。但一个故事开头时不用would，必须首先用一般过去时或usedto描述背景，然后用would表示习惯性动作：WhenIwasaboywealwaysspent/usedtospendourholidaysonafarm.Wewouldgetupat5andwewouldhelpmilkthecows.【Specialdifficulties】use,beusedto,usedtousevt.用，使用，运用，应用MayIuseyourdictionary/car?Idon’tknowhowtousetheword.beusedto习惯于（后面跟名词或动名词，be也可用get等代替）IsoongotusedtogettingupearlywhenIstartedworkingasabaker.I’musedtoshoppingalone.usedto过去习惯……（表示过去有而现在通常已不存在的习惯，只用于一般过去时，后面只能跟动词不定式）IusedtogetupearlywhenIworkedasabaker,butIdon’thavetogetupearlynow.Youdidn’tusetosmoke.GoldandGoldenglodn.①金，黄金，金币，金块Helovesgoldmorethananythingelse.adj.②金的WhenFrankretired,theygavehimagoldwatch.Allthatglittersisnotgold.（all…isnot…不是所有的，部分否定notall）goldenadj.金色的，（机会等）非常好的，兴盛的Asthesunset,theskybecamegolden.Ashegrewolder,healwaysthoughtaboutthegoldendaysofhislife.You’vemissedagoldenchancetomakealotofmoney.【Multiplechoicequestions】3‘TheRevealer’hasbeenusedfor___b___gold.a.todetectb.detectingc.detectd.detected介词后面要加v+ing形式“被用来做某事”有两种表达方式：如果跟名词相连说beusedforsth.；如果跟动词相连说beusedtodo，beusedfor+Ving245.4Piratesusedtohidegoldthere.___d___.a.andtheyalwaysdob.andtheystilldoc.andtheystilldosometimesd.that\'swhattheywoulddoThat’swhat那就是……事题目“Piratesusedtohidegoldthere,.....”应该用句号,而不应该用逗号两个句子中间必须加“and或but”等连词,或是用句号隔开。一句话当中只有一个主语,一个动词,叫简单句，出现两个以上的动词要用连词连接。两个句子可以是主从句，可以把一个动词用为动词,而把其他的动词改装为非谓语动词7How___c___wasthehole?a.deeplyb.depthc.deepd.downdeeplyadv.；depthn.；deepadj.&adv.；downadv.用什么词看它的陈述句用什么词8‘TheRevealer’isaverygood___a___.a.machineb.enginec.machineryd.mechanicmachine[]n.\uf035机器（可数名词）engine[]n.\uf035发动机machinery[]n.[\uf035总称]机器,机械机器(总称,一般后边不会加s,前面也不加a)mechanic[]n.\uf035技工,机修工,机械士revealern.探测器10Thecoinwasalmostworthless.Soitwasofsmall___d___.a.worthyb.honourc.priced.valueofvalue=valuableofsmallvalue＝worthless不值钱的ofgreatvalue非常值钱的（介词短语修饰名词时放在其后面）Lesson56Fasterthansound!【Newwordsandexpressions】（11）soundn.声音excitementn.激动，兴奋handsomeadj.漂亮的；美观的Rolls-Royce罗尔斯--罗伊斯Benzn.奔驰wheeln.轮子explosionn.爆炸，轰响coursen.跑道；行程rivaln.对手speedv.疾驶downhilladv.下坡soundn.★声音n.①声音soundn.任何声音都可以voicen.人的声音246.noisen.和周围不和谐的声音,躁音v.②听起来adj.③合理的（等于reasonableadj.合理的,有道理的,通情达理的,讲道理的）Ihaveapieceofsoundadvice.我有一个合理的建议。soundlyadj.香甜的sleepsoundlyexcitementn.★激动,兴奋toone\'sexcitement…令某人激动的是……Themostexcitingthingisthat…最令人激动的是……Themostsurprisingthingaboutitisthat最令人惊讶的事情是……Itexcitedmethat…让我激动的是……handsomeadj.★漂亮的,美观的handsome[]adj.\uf035形容男孩,英俊,一般与男孩子连如handsome与人连用有阳刚的美，与物相连表示美观大方，并表示制作精良；handsome跟女性连用的时候就表示这个女孩子有阳刚气，类似女侠的概念Yourhusbandishandsome.beautiful形容人的时候表示内在和外在美的统一,完美的概念Youlookbeautiful.Flowersarebeautiful.Pictureisbeautiful.prettyadj.美丽(用于女孩或小孩)，有柔美的意思pretty跟男性连用就表示没有阳刚气，女性化Yourwifeispretty.prettyboy/prettygirl/prettywomanniceadj.美好的(人，天气,食物,物品的品质等)Youarenice.你长得不错lovelyadj.可爱的Thisisalovelystory.这是一个可爱的故事good-lookingadj.很好看的smartadj.小巧而美丽的(物)或时髦而美丽的(人)Sheissmart.cute[\uf06b\uf06a\uf075\uf03a\uf074]adj.漂亮,常用来形容小孩Thebabyiscute.Whatacutebaby!多漂亮的宝宝啊!Howcuteyouare!你多漂亮啊!(可爱啊!)explosionn.★爆炸,轰响explosive[]n.\uf035爆炸物,炸药；adj.爆炸(性)的,爆发(性)的,暴露explode[]vt.\uf035使爆炸；vi.爆炸,爆发,破除,推翻,激发bomb[\uf062\uf043\uf06d]n.炸弹；vt.投弹于,轰炸Thebombexploded.coursen.★跑道，行程247.n.①跑道，行程onthecourse按照轨道运行offcourse偏离轨道ofcourse当然n.②课程Thisterm,Itook/takesevencourses.这学期我学了七门课rivaln.★对手competitionn.竞争,竞赛Thepersonwhotakespartinthecompetition.competitor[]n.\uf035竞争者,对手opposite[]n.\uf035相反的事物；adj.相对的,对面的,对立的,相反的,对等的,对应的opponent[]n.\uf035对手,反对者(持反对意见的人,如辩论赛上的和政治上的)enemyn.敌人rivaladj.势均力敌的；n.势均力敌的对手speed★（sped，sped）v.疾驶v.①疾驶，急行Thepolicecarspedpastus.Thetwomenspedoutoftheroom.n.②速度atthespeedof以……的速度Thecargoesatthespeedof40milesanhour/at40milesanhour.在车后的3speed/4speed表示档位speedup速度的增加,加速；slowdown减速blowup风力的增加downhilladv.★下坡downstairs下楼；upstairs上楼godownstairsgodownhill下山downtownn.&adj.&adv.市中心的商业区（反意词uptown远离商业区）I\'llgotothedowntown.【Text】Onceayear,araceisheldforoldcars.Alotofcarsenteredforthisracelastyearandtherewasagreatdealofexcitementjustbeforeitbegan.OneofthemosthandsomecarswasaRolls-RoyceSilverGhost.ThemostunusualcarwasaBenzwhichhadonlythreewheels.Builtin1885,itwastheoldestcartakingpart.Afteragreatmanyloudexplosions,theracebegan.Manyofthecarsbrokedownonthecourseandsomedriversspentmoretimeundertheircarsthaninthem!Afewcars,however,completedtherace.Thewinningcarreachedaspeedoffortymilesanhour--muchfasterthananyofitsrivals.Itspeddownhillattheendoftheraceanditsdriverhadalotoftroubletryingtostopit.Theracegaveeveryoneagreatdealofpleasure.Itwasverydifferentfrommoderncarracesbutnolessexciting.参考译文旧式汽车的比赛每年举行一次.去年有很多汽车参加了这项比赛.比赛开始之前,人们异常激动.最漂亮248.的汽车之一是罗尔斯-罗伊斯生产的银鬼汽车,而最不寻常的一辆则要属只有3只轮子的奔驰牌汽车了.该车造于1885年,是参赛车中最老的一辆.在好一阵喧闹的爆炸声之后,比赛开始了.很多汽车在途中就抛了锚,而有些驾驶员花在汽车底下的时间比坐在汽车里面的时间还长.然而还是有几辆汽车跑完了全程.获胜的那辆车达到了时速40英里——远远超过任何对手.它在接近终点时,冲下了山坡,驾驶员费了好大劲才把车停下来.这次比赛使每个人都挺开心.它虽然与现代汽车比赛大不相同,但激动人心的程度并不亚于现代汽车大赛.【课文讲解】1、Onceayear,araceisheldforoldcars.=Oldcarraceisheldonceayear.once+表示时间的名词每……一次Thepostmancallsonceaday.beheldfor比赛为……而举行2、Alotofcarsenteredforthisracelastyearandtherewasagreatdealofexcitementjustbeforeitbegan.enterfor报名参加agreatdealof+不可数名词大量的……Therewas/isagreatdealofexcitement.人们非常激动agreatnumberof+可数名词agreatmany+可数名词许多……alargeamountof+不可数名词justbefore=just起强调作用3、OneofthemosthandsomecarswasaRolls-RoyceSilverGhost.oneof直接作主语的时候,它是做单数看待的Oneoftheanswersisture.Oneofthosepeopleisgood.如果在定语从句中出现了oneof作为先行词，它后边的关系代词指代的是后面的复数名词；如果在oneof前面还有一修饰词only，那么后边的关系代词将指代one这个词，才作单数看Heistheonlyoneofthoserarepeoplewhobelievesinancientmyths.4、Builtin1885,itwastheoldestcartakingpart.Thecarwasbuiltin1885.takingpart理解为takingpart(intherace)5、Afteragreatmanyloudexplosions,theracebegan.afterexplosions许多爆炸声之后6、Manyofthecarsbrokedownonthecourseandsomedriversspentmoretimeundertheircarsthaninthem!manycars许多车子；manyofthecars车子当中的许多manystudents许多学生；manyofmystudents我教过的许多学生somepictures一些照片；someofthepictures那些照片中的一些breakdown车子抛锚，（机械等）出故障，出毛病ThismorningIwaslateforwork,becausemycarbrokedowntwice.underthecar指在车下面修理；inthecar指正常驾驶。句中的under和in都是斜体，英文中的斜体字249.起强调作用spentmoretimeundertheircarsthaninthem他们花在车下的时间比在车里的时间还多7、Thewinningcarreachedaspeedoffortymilesanhour--muchfasterthananyofitsrivals.thewiningcar获胜车aspeedof+数量词速度为……Youmusthavebeendrivingataspeedofseventymilesanhour.muchfaster快得多；alittlefaster快一点anyofitsrivals＝anyrival任何一个any在比较级中一旦出现,它往往要加可数名词的单数Beijingisbiggerthananyothercity.（注意“other”不能丢）如果是不定代词,可以说someoneelse,anyoneelse；如果不是不定代词,要在名词前加other.anyothercompetitor8、Itspeddownhillattheendoftheraceanditsdriverhadalotoftroubletryingtostopit.attheendof…在……的末尾/最后部分Hespokeafewwordsattheendofthemeeting.havetrouble(in)doingsth.干……有麻烦，做……很困难（trouble既可数又不可数）Theyhadsometroublefindingoutthecauseofthefire.9、Theracegaveeveryoneagreatdealofpleasure.givesb.+n.给某人……givesb.pleasureItwillgivesb.agreatdealofpleasure.=Therewasagreatdealofexcitement.givesb.afright吓了某人一跳givesb.asurprise给某人一个惊喜10、Itwasverydifferentfrommoderncarracesbutnolessexciting.moderncarrace现代车赛bedifferentfrom和……不同nomore和noless都表示“和……一样”,相当于only,thesameTherearenomorethan100students.这个房间仅有一百个学生。nolessexciting一样的激动nomorethanyou和你一样表示“和……不相同”用notmore=more；notless=lessnotlessexciting更令人激动【Letterwriting】常用开头语：Iamsorryithastakenmesolongtowrite,but…Iwasgladtohearfromyouatlastandtolearnthat…【Keystructures】比较关系的句型250.as…as和……一样thesame(…)as与……相同/同样You’vemadethesamemistakeasTom.有时thesame可以单独使用：Mymotherismuchyoungerthanyours.Sheisn’t!They’reaboutthesameage.Thosetwodressarethesame.notso…as/notas…as不如……differentfrom与……不同（different前面可加very，much，alittle等修饰语）IsFrenchfoodverydifferentfromItalianfood?AFrenchmancouldtellyoubetterthanIcan!We’replanningsomethingdifferentthisyearfromwhatwedidlastyear.litte和few在口语中多用notmuch，notmany代替：Thereisn’tmuchsugar/aren’tmanysweets,butyoucanhavealittle/few.much和many通常用于否定句和疑问句（正式文体除外）。在日常谈话中，通常避免在肯定句中使用much和many，而用别的数量词。口语中用得最多的表示“许多”的数量词是alotof，它既可以与复数可数名词连用也可以与不可数名词连用，后面的动词用单数还是复数取决于名词。比alotof正式一些的表达方式有：agreat/gooddealof+不可数名词，agreat/good/largenumberof+复数名词，agreat/goodmanyof+复数名词。在what引导的感叹句中不用much/many：WhatalotofsweetsTom’sbought!Iamlesslucky.我还不如他们幸运.moreexciting更激动=notlessexciting.【Specialdifficulties】Handsome,Beautiful,Pretty,Good-lookinghandsomeadj.漂亮的，英俊的，一般用来形容男子，也可以指东西的制作精良beautifuladj.美丽的，给人美感的，令人愉悦的，完美的，强调内在和外在的结合，用来形容女子、孩童、花草、服饰等，一般不用来形容男子的长相prettyadj.漂亮的，可爱的，令人怜爱的，强调女孩和小孩的外表美丽good-lookingadj.好看的，标致的，美貌的，男女均适用Myfurnitureisgood-looking.ReachandArrivein/atreachvt.到达，达到（适用的范围比较广，不仅仅限于地点）Whenyoureachmyage,you’llbeabletounderstandit.Canyougetthatbookdownformeplease?Ican’treachit.arrivevi.到达，抵达在表示到达某个较大的地方时用arrivein，到达某个较小的地方/场所用arriveatWhenIarrivedatthestation,thetrainhadalreadygone.TakepartandTakeplacetakepart(in)参加，参与Ididn’ttakepartintheirconversation.Itwasthelodestcartakingpart.251.takeplace＝happen发生，进行，举行Whathappened?=Whattookplace?Allthesetookplacebeforeyouwereborn.TheOlympicGameswilltakeplaceinourcountryinfouryears’time.【Multiplechoicequestions】3Alotofcarsenteredforthisrace.Therewere___c___carsinit.a.muchb.lotofc.lotsofd.plentymuch修饰不可数；lotof不存在这种结构；plentyof固定搭配lotsof=alotof4___c___in1885,soitwastheoldestcarintherace.a.Itbuiltb.Builtc.Itwasbuiltd.Havingbuilt一个简单句只有一个主语+一个动词,如果出现了两个动词,那么用“and,but,so”等连接；变成带有从句和主句的复合句；留一个作主干,剩下的动词变为非谓语动词；有介词短语替代动词概念,如:theboyinblack5Itwastheoldestcartakingpart.Therewasn\'t___a___one.a.anolderb.theoldestc.anelderd.theeldestelder意为“年长的”，一般作定语用，不用作比较not+比较级=最高级6Itreachedaspeedoffortymilesanhour.It___c___fortymilesanhour.a.ranb.ranwithc.wentatd.drovewith用于“速度”的介词只有“at”12Itwentfasterthananyofitsrivals.Itwentfasterthanits___c___.a.opponentsb.enemiesc.competitorsd.partnersopponent[]\uf035两个持相反观点的对手partner[]\uf035伙伴,搭档(合作关系的伙伴)从下玩到大的伙伴用:friend或companyLesson57CanIhelpyou,madam?【Newwordsandexpressions】（8）madamn.（对妇女的尊称）太太，夫人jeansn.牛仔裤hesitatev.犹豫，迟缓servev.接待（顾客）scornfullyadv.轻蔑地punishv.惩罚furn.裘皮eageradj.热切的，热情的madamn.(★对妇女的尊称)太太;夫人ma’am[\uf06d\uf041\uf06d\uf02c\uf020\uf06d\uf042\uf03a\uf06d\uf02c\uf020\uf06d\uf045\uf06d]n.<口>夫人,太太,女士,小姐=madam252.jeansn.★牛仔裤trousers[]n.\uf035裤子,长裤pants[\uf070\uf041\uf06e\uf074\uf073]n.裤子,短裤hesitatev.★犹豫,迟疑hesitatetodosth.犹豫做……makeupone\'smind下决心做……hesitation[]n.\uf037\uf035犹豫,踌躇withouthesitation毫不犹豫Withouthesitationherefusedmyrequest.servev.★接待(顾客)vt.&vi.①帮佣，当仆人，给……干活servesb.为某人而服务Maryserved(in)thefamilyasacookformorethantenyears.vt.&vi.②服务；服役；供职Sheservedthefirmasasecretaryfortwoyears.Haveyoueverservedinthearmy?vt.&vi.③接待（顾客）Theassistantwaseagertoserveherthistime.Tomservedinarestaurantwhenhewas18.service[]n.\uf035服务,服务性工作,服役,仪式；vt.保养,维修adj.(军队)服现役的,服务性的,仆人的,耐用的Atyourservice.乐于为您效劳。scornfullyadv.★轻蔑地lookdownupon/on看不起，瞧不起……Helooksdownonme.punishv.★惩罚punishmentn.惩罚capitalpunishment极刑furn.★裘皮minkn.貂皮eageradj.★热切的,热情的beeagertodosth.急于做某事【Text】Awomaninjeansstoodatthewindowofanexpensiveshop.Thoughshehesitatedforamoment,shefinallywentinandaskedtoseeadressthatwasinthewindow.Theassistantwhoservedherdidnotlikethewayshewasdressed.Glancingatherscornfully,hetoldherthatthedresswassold.Thewomanwalkedoutoftheshopangrilyanddecidedtopunishtheassistantnextday.Shereturnedtotheshopthefollowingmorningdressedinafurcoat,withahandbaginonehandandalongumbrellaintheother.Afterseekingouttherudeassistant,sheaskedforthesamedress.Notrealizingwhoshewas,theassistantwaseagertoserveherthistime.Withgreatdifficulty,he253.climbedintotheshopwindowtogetthedress.Assoonasshesawit,thewomansaidshedidnotlikeit.Sheenjoyedherselfmakingtheassistantbringalmosteverythinginthewindowbeforefinallybuyingthedressshehadfirstaskedfor.参考译文一位穿着牛仔裤的妇女站在一家高档商店的橱窗前.她虽然犹豫了片刻,但终于还是走进了商店,要求把陈列在橱窗里的一件衣服拿给她看.接待她的售货员不喜欢她的那副打扮,轻蔑地看了她一眼后,便告诉她那件衣服已经卖出去了.这位妇女怒气冲冲地走出了商店,决定第二天教训一下那个售货员.第二天上午,她又来到这家商店,穿了一件裘皮大衣,一只手拎着一只手提包,另一只手拿着一把长柄伞.找到那个无礼的售货员后,她还要看昨天的那件衣服.那个售货员没有认出她是谁,这一回接待她的态度非常殷勤.费了好大劲几,他爬进橱窗去取那件衣服.这位妇女对那件衣服只看一眼,就说不喜欢.她开心地迫使那位售货员把橱窗里几乎所有的东西都拿了出来,最后才买下了她最先要看的那一件.【课文讲解】1、Awomaninjeansstoodatthewindowofanexpensiveshop.dowindowshopping(表示在橱窗外面购物)awomaninjeans一个穿牛仔裤的妇女2、Thoughshehesitatedforamoment,shefinallywentinandaskedtoseeadressthatwasinthewindow.foramoment不一定要与现在完成时连用,也可以是一般现在时,只要这个动词是延续性动词就可以asktodosth.请求做某事3、Theassistantwhoservedherdidnotlikethewayshewasdressed.dresssb.给某人穿衣服Motherisdressingherbaby.Idressmyself.自己给自己穿衣服（反身代词是不能做主语的,故Iamdressed.）dress表示“穿着，打扮”时常用被动语态bedressedinSheisdressedinjeans.Whyisyourauntdressedinblack?theway可以直接加定语从句,不需要引导词Idon’tlikethewaysheeats.我不喜欢她吃饭的样子Thewaysheeatsannoyedme.她吃饭的样子让我烦Icookedinthewayyoutaughtme.4、Shereturnedtotheshopthefollowingmorningdressedinafurcoat,withahandbaginonehandandalongumbrellaintheother.withsth.inhand手上拿着Hewenttothetheatrewithabookinonehand.他手上拿着一本书去了电影院Shewenttohermonther’scarringherbabywithachickeninonehandandaduckintheother.(gotoone’smonther’s回娘家)5、Afterseekingouttherudeassistant,sheaskedforthesamedress.seekout找出,找到Hesoughtoutthethiefinthecrowd.254.Seekhimoutquickly.Iwanttospeaktohim.6、Notrealizingwhoshewas,theassistantwaseagertoserveherthistime.现在分词短语代替一个分句位于句首时，其否定形式是在它前面加上not，without或never等否定词。这些词有时可互换，有时则不可：Not/Without/Neverhesitatingforamoment,heranafterthethief.Notbeingabletoopenthedoor,Iaskedmyneighbourforhelp.tellsb.nottodosth.告诉某人不要做某事像eager，glad，pleased，sorry等描述感觉的形容词作表语时后面往往跟不定式：Theyarealleagertocome.I’mpleasedtoworkwithyou.【语法精粹】2.___c___ananswerfromthecommittee,hewasworried.a.Havingnotgotb.Gettingnotc.Nothavinggotd.Havingnotbeengot7、Withgreatdifficulty,heclimbedintotheshopwindowtogetthedress.withgreatdifficulty/trouble，with在这里表示行为方式。Heliftedtheboxwithease/difficulty.Itsdriverhadalotoftroubletryingtostopit.Hehadalotoftroubleclimbingintotheshopwindowtogetthedress8、Sheenjoyedherselfmakingtheassistantbringalmosteverythinginthewindowbeforefinallybuyingthedressshehadfirstaskedfor.enjoyoneselfdoingsth.从……中得到乐趣Heenjoyedhimselfmakingthedogrunafterbeggars.enjoysth.enjoydoingsth.makesb.dosth.使某人做某事【Summarywriting】1Didthewomaninjeanshesitateforamomentornot?Didsheenteranexpensiveshopornot?Whatdidsheasktosee?(Though...and)2Whatdidanassistanttellher?Whendidthewomanreturn?Wasshedressedinafurcoatornot?(Onbeingtoldby)3Whatwastheassistanteagertodothistime?4Whatdidshemakehimbringher?Whatdidthewomanfinallybuy?(Aftermaking)1、Thoughthewomaninjeanshesitatedforamoment,sheenteredanexpensiveshopandaskedfor/toseethedressintheshopwindow.第一步写单句,though后面要加一个从句,第一个句子和第二个都做主句并列,则though后面还有第三个从句,though后面有从句是第一个和第二个并列,但还有个主句2、Onbeingtoldbyanassistantthatthedresswassold,①Thewomanreturnedthefollowingmorningdressedinafurcoat.②Whenthewomanreturned,shewasdressedinafurcoat./thewomanreturned,whenshewasdressedina255.furcoat.by+主动语态中的主语前后两句的强调点不同,本句中应强调“return”,故后面一句更好,这属于tinymistake(微小的错误),当然第一句最好,另外应注意句子的平衡,也应将“when”放后面4、Aftermakingtheassistantbring…,thewomenfinallyboughtthedressshehad......Thewomanfinallyboughtwhatshehadfirstaskedfor.也对!【Letterwriting】在信的开头常的下面两个句型：Whatasurpriseitwasto…Whatasurpriseitwastosendmeflowers.在todosth.的结构当中，可以在前面表达动作由谁做,加一个“forsb.”Itisimportantformetodosth.（“for”一定要加在“to”的前面）Whatasurpriseitwasforyoutosendmeflowers.Forgivemefornotwritingearlier,but…我很抱歉我这么久没给你写信Iapologize./Idoapologize.我真的很抱歉!(do其强调作用)Youapologyisaccepted.【Keystructures】At,In,OffandWith在表示地点和位置时，说话人的个人角度会影响对介词的选择。at通常用于表示居住地点和某个停留地点、工作地点等，而in表示里面或包围的含义：I\'llseeyouatthestation.我将到车站送你.Onthewayhome,westoppedatasmallvillagecalledPuddleton.Therewerealotofpeopleinthestreet.街上有许多人.Let\'sgoforawalkinthepark.让我们到公园去散散步.off常与动词连用，表示位置的变化，即“与……分离”，可译为“脱掉，脱落”（相当于awayfrom或downfrom的意思）等，其反义词为on：Thelidcameoffeasily.这个盖子很容易掉.Thepencilrolledoffthetable.铅笔滚到桌子下面去了.描写人时，in通常用于表示穿着，后面加衣服或颜色，with则表示身上的某个具体特征或随身带着、拿着什么：Helookshandsomeinthatuniform.Thatmanwithlonghairissupposedtobeapoet.那个留着长发的男人应该是个诗人.Thepolicearelookingforamanwithascaronhisface.Thewomanwiththebrownhandbagandlongumbrellaisafamousnovelist.Achildcamealongwithabrowndog.【SpecialDifficulties】MakeandLetmake和let后面都跟不带to的不定式，但意义上和用法上有区别：make+名词/代词+不带to的不定式，表示“迫使，致使”：Sheenjoyedherselfmakingtheassistantbringalmosteverythinginthewindow.Whatmadehimchangehismind?Thatbeardmakesyoulookmucholderthanyoureallyare.在被动语态中含有上述意义的make后面必须带to：256.Hewasmadetoworkfourteenhoursaday.Hewasmadetochangehismind.let用于祈使句，建议包括说话者在内的人采取某一行动：Let’snotwasteanymoretime.其否定形式除“Let’snot…”外也可以用“Don’tlet’s…”：Don’tlet’swasteanymoretime.let+名词/代词+不带to的不定式，表示“允许”：Don\'tlethimpersuadeyou.不要让他把你说服了.Letmetry.让我试一拭.Don\'tletthechildrentouchanythinginthisroomplease.如果宾语是us，则不能缩写成let’s：Pleaseletushavemoretime,willyou?let后面可以跟一个被动的、不带to的不定式：Heletitbeknownthatthehousewashis.但let一般不用于被动意义来表示“被允许”，这时可用allow。Wewerenotallowedtospeak.【Multiplechoicequestions】5After___b___outtherudeassistantsheaskedforthesamedress.a.shewasseekingb.shehadsoughtc.soughtd.whenshesoughtafter,before后面一定要加两种概念：句子或V+ing，after后面不能接进行时态9Shereturnedthefollowingday.Shereturnedtheday___c___.a.otherb.nextc.afterd.elseelse放在不定代词或疑问代词后面,whoelse，anyoneelse，else不跟名词other,next都作形容词用,单个形容词修饰一个名词一定要放在被修饰词之前,thenextday，theotherbooksafter=later可以放在结尾,副词表达式threedayslater/threedaysafterafter与before相对应,可以放在句末作副词用I\'veneverseenitbefore.【语法精粹】1、The___b___newsmadethem_____.a.excited/excitingb.exciting/excitedc.exciting/tobeexcitedd.excited/excitedmakesb.dosth.；makesth.+形容词Maketheroomwarm.3、____d___,allthequarrelscametoanend.a.Thelostmoneywasfoundb.Wasthelostmoneyfoundc.Becausethelostmoneyfoundd.Withthelostmoneyfoundquarrel[]n.\uf035吵架,反目,怨言,争吵的原因；vi.吵架,争论,挑剔a.出现了两个主语和谓语动词b.也不对,原因相同c.Because+从句,缺wasd.对,with后面不能加句子257.非谓语动词表达被动含义，而不作谓语4、Manyofourdreams___d___impossibleinthepasthavecometrue.a.wereconsideredb.tobeconsideredc.consideringd.considered不定式除了表示目的外，还可以表示将要发生的事(在时间上)V-ing表示动作处于现阶段，表达主动；V-ed表示已经做过了，表达被动.b,d的不同在于“inthepast”时态上的差别6、Afterawholeday’sheavywork,theoldworkerreturnedhome,____a___a.hungryandexhaustedb.hungryandexhaustingc.hungryandbeingexhaustedd.huangryandexhaustexhaust[]vt.\uf035用尽,耗尽,抽完,使精疲力尽；vi.排气n.排气,排气装置；adj.用不完的,不会枯竭的形容词短语作状语Lesson58Ablessingindisguise?【Newwordsandexpressions】（16）blessingn.福分，福气disguisen.伪装tinyadj.极小的possessv.拥有cursedadj.可恨的increasev.增加plantv.种植churchn.教堂eviladj.坏的reputationn.名声claimv.以……为其后果victimn.受害者，牺牲品vicarn.教区牧师sourcen.来源incomen.收入trunkn.树干blessingn.★福气,福分blessv.保佑Godblessyou!=Blessyou!上帝保佑你Blessmycountry.保佑我的国家disguise[\uf064\uf069\uf073\uf035\uf05e\uf061\uf069\uf07a]n.★\uf035伪装indisguise穿着伪装的awolfindisguise披着羊皮的狼,被伪装的狼ablessingindisguise因祸得福acurseindisguise258.(curse[\uf06b\uf045\uf03a\uf073]n.诅咒,咒语,祸根,祸因；vt.诅咒,咒骂,降祸,使受罪)tinyadj.★极小的tiny=veryverysmallpossessv.★拥有sb.possesssth.某人有某物possessionn.拥有,占有,所有,着迷,领土,领地,财产(常用复数),自制inone\'spossession某人有某物cursedadj.★可恨的cursed[]adj.\uf035被诅咒的,邪恶的如果有-ed构成形容词,做为形容词读音要读/id/increasevt.★增加add为及物动词；grow为不及物动词plantv.★种植plant强调把东西给种下去planttree种树(只是种,活不活不管)TreePlantingday植树节growv.生长growsth.种庄稼(不但种,还要让它生长)churchn.★教堂church加the表示地点；church不加the和功能有关gotothechurch去教堂玩Iamatthechurch.在教堂玩gotochurch去教堂做礼拜Iamatchurch.做礼拜eviladj.★坏的evil=wickedadj.邪恶的reputationn.★名声goodreputation好名声；badreputation坏名声fame[\uf066\uf065\uf069\uf06d]n.名声（一定是好名声）,名望,传说,<古>传闻famous[]adj.\uf035著名的,出名的,<口>极好的,令人满意的claimv.★以……为其后果claim=take拿,索取claim可以表示（疾病、意外等）夺去（生命）Theaccidentclaimedafewlives.source[\uf073\uf043\uf03a\uf073]n.★来源resourcen.资源(一次又一次的来源，re-又)reread[]vt.\uf035\uf035重读,再读259.sauce[\uf073\uf043\uf03a\uf073]n.沙司,酱油,调味料；vt.调味,使增加趣味（读音与source相同）incomen.★收入rent[\uf072\uf065\uf06e\uf074]v.租，租借，出租；n.租金interest[]n.\uf035兴趣，关心，重要性，影响，利息，利益，利害vt.使发生兴趣，引起……的注意bonus[]n.\uf035奖金,红利DINK-丁克家族:D－double，I－income，N－no，K－kidskid[\uf06b\uf069\uf064]n.哄骗，取笑，开玩笑，小孩，小山羊；v.哄骗，取笑，开玩笑，欺骗【Text】ThetinyvillageofFrinleyissaidtopossessa\'cursedtree\'.Becausethetreewasmentionedinanewspaper,thenumberofvisitorstoFrinleyhasnowincreased.Thetreewasplantednearthechurchfiftyyearsago,butitisonlyinrecentyearsthatithasgainedanevilreputation.Itissaidthatifanyonetouchesthetree,hewillhavebadluck;ifhepicksaleaf,hewilldie.Manyvillagersbelievethatthetreehasalreadyclaimedanumberofvictims.Thevicarhasbeenaskedtohavethetreecutdown,butsofarhehasrefused.Hehaspointedoutthatthetreecutdown,butsofarhehasrefused.Hehaspointedoutthatthetreeisausefulsourceofincome,astouristshavebeencomingfromallpartsofthecountrytoseeit.Inspiteofallthathasbeensaid,thetouristshavebeenpickingleavesandcuttingtheirnamesonthetree-trunk.Sofar,notoneofthemhasbeenstruckdownbysuddendeath!参考译文据说弗林利这个小村里有一棵“该诅咒的树”.就因为报上提到过这棵树,所以现在来弗林利参观的人越来越多.该树是50年前栽在教堂附近的,但只是近几年才得到了一个坏名声.据说,谁要是触摸了这棵树,谁就会交上恶运;如果谁摘了一片树叶,谁就会死去.很多村民相信此树已经害了不少人.人们曾请求教区的牧师叫人把树砍掉,但他直到现在也没有同意.他指出,由于人们从全国各地纷纷前来参观这棵树,它成了一个有用的财源.尽管有上述种种说法,但游客们还是照常摘树叶和把他们的名字刻在树干上.然而到目前为止,还没有一个人暴死呢!【课文讲解】1、ThetinyvillageofFrinleyissaidtopossessa\'cursedtree\'.There/名词主语/代词主语+besaidtodosth.据说……（是对不太有把握的事发表看法时一种谨慎的说法）ThereissaidtobeagreatdealofoilinAfrica.Danissaidtobethemostintelligentstudentinhisclass.It’snotasoldasit’ssaidtobe.它并不像人们所说的那么古老。itissaidthat…据说……Itissaidthatheisverygood.＝Heissaidtobeverygood.据说他人非常好用于这种结构的动词除了say之外，还有believe，know，find，fear，think等：Itisfearedthatmanyliveshavebeenlostinthetrain.在这次列车事故中，恐怕有不少人丧生。thetinyvillageofFrinley弗林利这个小村庄，其中介词of表示的是同位关系：thecityofBeijing名叫北京的城市attheageoftwenty20岁时aheightofthreefeet三英尺的高度260.2、Becausethetreewasmentionedinanewspaper,thenumberofvisitorstoFrinleyhasnowincreased.mentionvt.提到,提及Myfatheroftermentionsyou.inanewspaper强调报纸里面的内容onthenewspaper与报纸内容无关,如你自己在报纸上记了什么东西时用“on”anumberof…＝lotsof…许多……（后跟可数名词的复数，做复数看待，从前往后翻,强调后面的东西）anumberofstudents许多学生thenumberof………的数量/总数（后跟可数名词的复数，但做单数看，从后往前翻,强调数量）thenumberofstudents学生的数量3、Thetreewasplantednearthechurchfiftyyearsago,butitisonlyinrecentyearsthatithasgainedanevilreputation.itis/was…（被强调部分that/who(m)+从句）万能强调结构ItisIthatamlookingforyou.强调“I”ItisJackwho(m)Frankphonedlastnight.gain＝get得到4、Itissaidthatifanyonetouchesthetree,hewillhavebadluck;ifhepicksaleaf,hewilldie.英语中分号可以断开两个句子anyone任何人，与he相对应Ifanyonewantedtogothere,hewilldosth.5、Thevicarhasbeenaskedtohavethetreecutdown,butsofarhehasrefused.sb.beaskedtodosth.被请求做某事，sb.做事havesth.done使某事被做，叫别人完成某事Iwillgotohavemybicyclerepaired.（别人修车）Iwillgotorepairmybicycle.（自己修车）Iwillhavemyhaircut.makesth.done让某事被做Couldyoumakeyourselfknown?你能让别人知道你吗?(你的自我介绍)=Couldyouintroduceyourdself?你能自我介绍一下吗?Couldyoumakeyouselfheard?你能让别人听到你吗?(你能大声点吗?)make的用法：make+宾语+宾补；make+sb.+do让某人做某事；make+sth.+done让别人做某事sofar迄今为止（常与现在完成时连用）Hehasn’treturnedmybookssofar.6、Hehaspointedoutthatthetreeisausefulsourceofincome,astouristshavebeencomingfromallpartsofthecountrytoseeit.pointout=explain指出，解释Irealizedthathehadmakeamistake,soIpointeditouttohimimmediately.Hepointedoutthatitwasamistakenottohelpthem.7、Inspiteofallthathasbeensaid,thetouristshavebeenpickingleavesandcuttingtheirnamesonthetree-261.trunk.inspiteof尽管，虽然；不顾，不管Hesetoffinspiteoftheheavyrain.inspiteofallthat…=inspiteofwhat尽管……（inspiteof介词后面不能接从句,只能加what引导的从句）Inspiteofwhatyouhavetoldme,Istillbelieve(that)hehasstolenthemoney.8、Sofar,notoneofthemhasbeenstruckdownbysuddendeath!notoneof＝noneof一个人也没有……，单数≠nooneof（noone不能加of）bestruckdown被打倒（stikedown使……生重病，杀死）Manypeoplewerestruckdowninthatwar.Hewasstuckdownbycancerlastyear.poverty-struck穷困潦倒（poverty[]n.\uf035贫穷,贫困,贫乏,缺少）【Letterwriting】常用开头语：Youwillbegladtohearthat…Thankyouforlettingmeknowthat…【Specialdifficulties】IncreaseandGrowincreasevt.&vi.增加，增大，增长，增强Thefirmhasincreasedhissalary.Hissalaryhasincreased.growvi.增长，长，成长，生长ThenumberofvistorstoFrinleyhasnowgrown/increased.Thestudentsinthisuniversityhasgrowninnumber.Howtallyou’vebecome!Howyou’vegrown!ShehasgrownsomuchsheisnearlyastallasIam.grow＝increase(表示数量增长)Thenumberisincreasing/growing.GainandEarngainvt.获得，得到（＝getsth.）；受益，获益（earn无此含义）JanehasgainedmuchfromheryearinAustralia.earnvt.(通过努力)获得，得到；赚钱（gain无此含义）earnmoney挣钱earnone\'sliving谋生Trytosaveasyouearn.挣了钱时要设法存起来。Sheearns$500amonth.Ithasgained/earnedanevilreputation.PickandCutpickvt.采摘，采集Theypickedalotofflowersyesterday.262.cutvt.切，割，剪Shecutanappleintwo.Canyoucutyourownhair?【Multiplechoicequestions】4Ifanyonepickedtheleaves,he___a____die.a.wouldb.willc.shalld.wouldhave虚拟语气：如果if后面直接出现正常条件的话，就会出现一般现在时，一旦出现一般过去时，就是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。6___b___allthathasbeensaid,thetouristshavebeenpickingleaves.a.Inspiteb.Despitec.Evend.Evensoinspiteof+名词/what引导的从句，不能少ofdespite=inspiteof尽管（despite[]prep.\uf035不管,尽管,不论）eventhough尽管(后面加句子)，没有evenall、evenso的表达式7Sofar___d___ofthemhasbeenstruckdownbysuddendeath.a.nooneb.nobodyc.notanyd.none‘noone’,‘nobody’不能与’of’连用没有’notanyof’的结构，只有‘anyof’9Thenumberofvisitorshasincreased.Thenumberhas___a___.a.grownb.grownupc.overgrownd.grownoldgrownup成长(只与人连用)overgrow过度成长grownold变老了,不译为“长老了”grow一般作为实义动词,后面加介词或副词,一旦后面加了形容词,不再表示“生长”的意思,将表示“变得”=get10Ithas___d___anevilreputation.a.wonb.beatenc.profitedd.earnedwinv.赢得(通过比赛或竞争)；beatv.打败(后加对手)profit[]n.\uf035利润,益处,得益；vi.得益,利用；vt.有益于,有利于gain=get获得Lesson59Inorout?【Newwordsandexpressions】（8）barkv.狗叫pressv.按，压pawn.脚爪latchn.门闩expertn.专家developv.养成habitn.习惯removev.拆掉，取下263.barkv.★狗叫Thedogisbarking.sb.isbarking.某人在咆哮pressv.★按,压vt.&vi.①按，挤，压Shepressedmyhandwarmly.她热情地握我的手。Canyoupressthatbuttonformeplease?vt.②挤取，榨取（……的汁）Thisisthetimeoftheyearwhentheypresstheirgrapes.Ifyoupreferjuice,youcanpresssomeoranges.vt.③催促，敦促，竭力劝说Myparentspressedmetoenterforthecompetition.Idon’tliketobepressed.我不喜欢被人催促。pressure[\uf060\uf070\uf072\uf065\uf046\uf045\uf028\uf072\uf029]n.压,压力,电压,压迫,强制,紧迫pawn.★脚爪cat\'spaw被利用的人(由寓言而来)Idon\'twanttobeacat\'spaw我才不想被人利用latchn.★门闩latchn.门闩（庭院，花园中的门闩）barn.门闩（与latch不同）expertn.★专家expertat/insth.在某一方面是专家expertat/indoingsth.expertat/inopeningthedoordevelopv.★养成vt.&vi.①发展，扩展Thevillagehasdevelopedintoatownnow.DoyoubelievethatyoucandevelopyourmindthroughwatchingTV?你相信通过看电视能开发你的智力吗？It’shardtodevelopyourbusinessinthiscity.developingskills发展技巧fluencyinEnglish流利英语（fluency[]n.\uf035流利,流畅,雄辩）developingcountry发展中国家；developedcountry发达国家V-ed强调已经，V-ing强调正在，有时态的区别boilingwater滚开水；boiledwater开水developthefilm冲洗胶卷vt.&vi.②（逐渐）显现出，产生，获得，养成Shedevelopedaninterestinswimming.她对游泳产生了兴趣。habitn.★习惯(指个人习惯)customn.风俗，习俗；customsn.海关；customern.顾客264.removev.★拆掉,取下removesth.from从……挪走【Text】Ourdog,Rex,usedtositoutsideourfrontgateanddark.Everytimehewantedtocomeintothegardenhewouldbarkuntilsomeoneopenedthegate.Astheneighbourscomplainedofthenoise,myhusbandspentweekstraininghimtopresshispawonthelatchtolethimselfin.Rexsoonbecameanexpertatopeningthegate.However,whenIwasgoingoutshoppinglastweek,Inoticedhiminthegardennearthegate.Thistimehewasbarkingsothatsomeonewouldlethimout!Sincethen,hehasdevelopedanotherbadhabit.Assoonasheopensthegatefromtheoutside,hecomesintothegardenandwaitsuntilthegateshuts.Thenhesitsandbarksuntilsomeoneletshimout.Afterthisheimmediatelyletshimselfinandbeginsbarkingagain.YesterdaymyhusbandremovedthegateandRexgotsoannoyedwehavenotseenhimsince.参考译文我家的狗雷克斯,过去常坐在大门外面叫.每当它想到花园里来时,便汪汪叫个不停,直到有人把门打开.由于邻居们对狗叫很有意见,所以我丈夫花了几个星期的时间训练它用脚爪按住门闩把自己放进来.雷克斯很快成了开门的专家.然而上星期我正要出去买东西时,发现它正呆在花园里边靠门的地方.这次它叫着让人把它放出去!从那以后,它养成了另外一种坏习惯.它从外面把门一打开,就走进花园,等着门自动关上.这之后他就坐下汪汪叫起来,直到有人来把它放出去.出去之后,它又马上把自己放进来,接着再开始叫.昨天,我丈夫把大门卸了下来,雷克斯很生气,此后我们便再也没有见到它.【课文讲解】1、Ourdog,Rex,usedtositoutsideourfrontgateanddark.frontgate前门would＝usedto过去常常2、Everytimehewantedtocomeintothegardenhewouldbarkuntilsomeoneopenedthegate.Thedogusedtobarkthefrontgatetolet(make)somebodyopenthedoor.everytime＝when每当，每次，无论何时（后面可以是点时间，也可以是段时间）EverytimeIturntolesson59,Iwillremembermyteacher.themonment＝assoonas一……就……(强调的是瞬间)3、Astheneighbourscomplainedofthenoise,myhusbandspentweekstraininghimtopresshispawonthelatchtolethimselfin.complaimof…抱怨……sb.spendtime(in)doingsth./onsth.花费某段时间去做某事（人作主语）Whydon’tyouspendmoretimeonstudies?Ispenttwoweeks(in)readingthisbook.Ittakessb.sometimestodosth.某事花了某人多少时间（事情做主语）trainsb.todosth.训练某人做某事letsb.dosth.让某人做某事letsb.in让某人进来；letsb.out让某人出去letsb.down让某人失望presshispawonthelatch=pressthelatch265.pressthebutton/pressthefigureonthebutton4、Rexsoonbecameanexpertatopeningthegate.becomeanexpertatdoingsth.成了……能手/专家/权威Johnisanexpertatdrivingacar.Sheisanexpertinflowers.Samisanexpertonthatproblem.5、However,whenIwasgoingoutshoppinglastweek,Inoticedhiminthegardennearthegate.goingoutshopping加了out强调外出6、YesterdaymyhusbandremovedthegateandRexgotsoannoyedwehavenotseenhimsince.so…that…如此……以至于，结果状语从句，可以省略一个词，so或that都可以sothat以便于……，为了（目的状语从句）Thistimehewasbarkingsothatsomeonewouldlethimout!since(在句尾)=sincethen:从那时起到现在为止【Specialdifficulties】To，Inorderto，Soasto，Sothat，Inorderthat表达目的几种方式带to的不定式及inorderto和soasto可以用来表示目的：IwenttoliveinFranceto/inorderto/soastolearnFrench.notto可以用来表示取舍：IwenttoFrancenottostudyFrench,buttostudychemics.soasnotto/inordernotto可以用于表示“以防”：Ishutthedoorquietly,soasnotto/inordernottowakethebady.在bring，buy，need，take，use，want等动词后经常用宾语加to不定式，用来表示宾语的目的。Ineedaspoontoeatthisicecreamwith.连词sothat，inorderthat可以引导目的状语从句。目的状语从句必须具备一个特征,在动词前面一定要出现情态动词，当主句用一般现在时、现在完成时或一般将来时的时候，sothat和inorderthat后面可以跟may，can或will；当主句用一般过去时、过去进行时或过去完成时的时候，sothat和inorderthat后面可以跟should，could，might或would。I’vearrivedearlysothat/inorderthatImay/can/willgetthetickets.Iarrivdearlysothat/inorderthatImightnotmissanything.当前后主语不一致时，不定式前面加for+名词/代词比that结构更简洁，不定式的逻辑主语forsb.todosth.Hewasbarkingforsomeonetolethimout.=Hewasbarkingsothatsomeonewouldlethimout.【Multiplechoicequestions】6Hewasbarking___a___lethimin.a.forsomeonetob.incasesomeonec.sosomeonetod.sothatsomeonesothat引导目的状语从句incase+从句以防万一,如果(状语从句,不会出现将来式)Bringyourumbrellaincaseitrains.so表示结果，引导句子，so一旦出现会加句子，而to是不定式是非谓语266.todosth.不定式做目的状语forsb.todosth.=sothatsb.dosth.7Assoonashe___b___thegatefromtheoutsidehecomesintothegarden.a.willopenb.opensc.isopeningd.hasbeenopeningassoonas引导状语从句，状语从句中使用一般现在时取代一般将来时beopening强调动作正在发生hasbeendoing现在完成进行时强调从过去延续到现在,并且不将延续Lesson60Thefuture【Newwordsandexpressions】（6）futuren.未来，前途fairn.集市fortune-tellern.算命人crystaln.水晶relationn.亲属impatientlyadv.不耐烦地relationn.★亲属n.①（事物间的）关系，关联（不可数）Iknowlittleabouttherelationof/betweentimeandspace.Isthereanyrelationbetweenthehotsnakeandtheforestfire?n.②（国家、人民等之间的）关系，往来（可数）Friendlyrelationshavebeendevelopedbetweenthetwocities.Theyhavebrokenrelationswiththatfirm.n.③亲戚，亲属（可数）Anearrelationofyoursiscomingtoseeyou.【Text】Atavillagefair,Idecidedtovisitafortune-tellercalledMadamBellinsky.Iwentintohertentandshetoldmetositdown.AfterIhadgivenhersomemoney,shelookedintoacrystalballandsaid:\'Arelationofyoursiscomingtoseeyou.Shewillbearrivingthiseveningandintendstostayforafewdays.Themomentyouleavethistent,youwillgetabigsurprise.Awomanyouknowwellwillrushtowardsyou.Shewillspeaktoyouandthenshewillleadyouawayfromthisplace.Thatisall.\'AssoonasIwentoutside,IforgotallaboutMadamBellinskybecausemywifehurriedtowardsme.\'Wherehaveyoubeenhiding?\'sheaskedimpatiently.\'Yoursisterwillbehereinlessthananhourandwemustbeatthestationtomeether.Wearelatealready.\'Asshewalkedaway,Ifollowedheroutofthefair.参考译文在一个乡村集市上，我决定去拜访一位称作别林斯夫人的算命人。我走进她的帐篷，她叫我坐下。我给了她一些钱后，她便查看着一个水晶球说道：“您的一个亲戚就要来看您了。她将于今天傍晚到达，并准备住上几天。您一走出这个帐篷，就会大吃一惊。一位您很熟悉的女人将向您冲来。她会对您说点什么，然后带您离开这个地方。就是这些。”267.我一走出帐篷，就把别林斯基夫人给算卦的事忘得一干二净了，因为我的妻子正匆匆向我跑来。“你躲到哪儿去了？”她不耐烦地问，“再有不到一个小时你姐姐就要到这儿了，我们得去车站接她。现在就已经晚了。”当她走开时，我也跟着她出了集市。【课文讲解】1、Arelationofyoursiscomingtoseeyou.arelationofyours您的一个亲戚（双重所有格）句中的现在进行时并不表示目前正在进行的动作，而表示将要发生的事情。2、Themomentyouleavethistent,youwillgetabigsurprise.themoment=assoonas一……就……（在这个连词引导的时间状语从句中要用一般现在时来表示将来时）3、Thatisall.在口语中表示“完了，就这些，事情就是这样”。Heborrowedsomemoneyfromme.That’sall.他向我借了些钱，仅此而已。4、AssoonasIwentoutside,IforgotallaboutMadamBellinskybecausemywifehurriedtowardsme.这句话中的all是代词，表示“一切，全部，所有的事”，它作主语时被视为单数：AllIcanrememberishername.hurrytowardssb.向某人匆匆走去5、Yoursisterwillbehereinlessthananhourandwemustbeatthestationtomeether.mustbe表示用现在时态指将来的状况，这句话也可变成：Wemustgotothestationtomeether.【Keystructures】表示将要发生的事情在英语中，现在进行时也可用来表示为将来安排好的活动和事件。这种用法通常需要一个表示时间的状语（往往是不久的将来）。arrive，come，go，leave等动词的进行式经常有这种用法，表示行程安排有关的“将到达，将离去”等意思：He’sarrivingthisevening.We’respendingnextwinterinAustralia.He’smeetingthevicarintwodays’time.当时间状语从句表示将来时，在after，assoonas，before，bythetime，themoment，till，until和when等后面通常不用一般将来时而用一般现在时；不用将来完成时而用现在完成时。这两种现在时态在时间连词后面常常可以互换：TheThompsonswillmovetoanewflatwhentheirbabyis/hasbeenborn.I’llmakeitbeforehecomes.在第1类条件句中，if之后通常用一般现在时表示将来可能发生的事：Ifhegetsthejob,he’llbegoingabroad.I’llgiveheramealifshe’shungry.268.【SpecialDifficulties】由名词+名词构成的复合名词第一个名词通常起形容词（或修饰语）的作用，而且一般都用单数。这类复合名词可以代替of结构，如acarkey（汽车钥匙），achairleg（椅子腿）；也可以理解为第一个名词指地点，第二个词指该地点中的东西，如avillagepub（乡村酒吧），aworldrecord（世界纪录），akitchensink（厨房洗涤槽）；也可以表示时间，如aChristamscard（圣诞卡），aneveningdress（晚礼服），afternoontea（下午茶）；也可以表示分类，如ahorrorfilm（恐怖电影），aflowershop（花店），ataxi-driver（出租车司机）；也可以表示材料，如afurcoat（裘皮大衣），agoldwatch（金表），cigaretteends（香烟头）。Lesson61TroublewiththeHubble【Newwordsandexpressions】（17）Hubblen.哈勃telescopen.望远镜launchv.发射spacen.空间NASA(NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration)国家航空和航天局billionn.10亿faultyadj.有错误的astronautn.宇航员shuttlen.航天飞机Endeavourn.“奋进”号robot-armn.机器手grabv.抓atmospheren.大气层distantadj.遥远的galaxyn.星系universen.宇宙eagleeye鹰眼spacen.★空间(指宇宙空间)roomn.空间（不可数）；房间（可数）Couldyoumakeroomforme?你能为我腾一点空间吗?robot-armn.★机器手robot[]n.\uf035\uf035机器人,遥控设备,自动机械,机械般工作的人atmospheren.★大气层atmosphere[]n.\uf035大气，空气，气氛，氛围IwenttotheNewConceptEnglishofNewOrientalschoolforitsgoodatmosphere.【Text】TheHubbletelescopewaslaunchedintospacebyNASAonApril20,1990atacostofoverabilliondollars.RightfromthestarttherewastroublewiththeHubble.Thepicturesitsentuswereverydisappointingbecauseits269.mainmirrorwasfaulty!NASAisnowgoingtoputthetelescoperight,soitwillsoonbesendingupfourastronautstorepairit.TheshuttleEndeavourwillbetakingtheastronautstotheHubble.Arobot-armfromtheEndeavourwillgrabthetelescopeandholditwhiletheastronautsmakethenecessaryrepairs.Ofcourse,theHubbleisabovetheearth\'satmosphere,soitwillsoonbesendingustheclearestpicturesofthestarsanddistantgalaxiesthatwehaveeverseen.TheHubblewilltellusagreatdealabouttheageandsizeoftheuniverse.Bythetimeyoureadthis,theHubble\'seagleeyewillhavesentusthousandsandthousandsofwonderfulpictures.参考译文哈勃望远镜于1990年4月20日由国家航空航天局发射升空,耗资10多亿美元.从最开始哈勃望远镜就有问题.它传送给我们的图像很令人失望,因为它的主要镜子有误差.国家航天局准备纠正这一错误,为此将把4名宇航员送入太空修复望远镜.“奋进”号航天飞机将把宇航员送上哈勃.当宇航员进行必要的修复工作时,“奋进”号上的一只机器手将抓住望远镜并托住它.当然,哈勃位于地球的大气层之外,因此,它很快就会给我们传送我们所见到过的、有关行星和远距离星系的最清晰的照片.哈勃将告诉我们有关宇宙的年龄和大小的许多事情.等到你读到这篇文章时,敏锐的哈勃望远镜已经为我们送来了成千上万张精彩的照片.【课文讲解】1、TheHubbletelescopewaslaunchedintospacebyNASAonApril20,1990atacostofoverabilliondollars.atacostof…造价为……，耗资，以……的价格/费用Hehasjustbuiltanewhouseforhisfamilyatacostof$10,000.NASA[]=NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration\uf035(美国)国家航空和宇宙航行局（单词縮写一般都是组织或者机构）2、RightfromthestarttherewastroublewiththeHubble.rightfromthestart从最开始（right起强调作用）Hedidn’twanttoworkatthefirm(right)fromthestart.troublewith…关于……有麻烦What\'sthetroublewithyou?你有什么麻烦?(医生常这样问)Thereis(engine)troublewithmycar.3、Thepicturesitsentuswereverydisappointingbecauseitsmainmirrorwasfaulty!faultn.错误；faultyadj.有错误的Sorry,it\'smyfault.4、NASAisnowgoingtoputthetelescoperight,soitwillsoonbesendingupfourastronautstorepairit.putsth.right修好（故障等），校正，纠正Remembertoputthelightsrighttomorrow.sendup往上送5、Arobot-armfromtheEndeavourwillgrabthetelescopeandholditwhiletheastronautsmakethenecessaryrepairs.holdit抓住它270.6、TheHubblewilltellusagreatdealabouttheageandsizeoftheuniverse.agreatdeal大量agreatdealof…大量的……7、Bythetimeyoureadthis,theHubble\'seagleeyewillhavesentusthousandsandthousandsofwonderfulpictures.bythetime到那时engleeye鹰眼，锐利目光Hisfather’seagleeyeisalwaysonhim.thousandsandthousandsof成千上万的Therearehundredsofthousands/thousandsandthousandsofcarsinthiscity.【LetterWriting】常见的书信开头：Ihavenotheardfromyouforsometime,so…Itwasverykindofyouto…【Keystructures】将来完成时、将来进行时和将来完成进行时将来完成时的构成：willhavedone，表示到将来某一时刻已经完成的动作，必须和某个时间状语连用，强调到将来某一点时间动作的结束。Workerswillhavecompletedthenewroadsbytheendofthisyear.将来进行时的构成：willbedoing，表示将来某个时候正在进行的动作或表示计划好的事，陈述将来的事实。Theywillbearrivingheretomorrow.将来完成进行时的构成：willhavebeendoing，表示某种状况一直持续到说话人所提及的时间，从某一点发生,一直延续到将来的某一点,并且将可能延续下去，强调到将来某一点时间动作可能结束或延续。Bythistimenextweek,Iwillhavebeenworkingforthisfirmfortwentyyears.ByFridaymidday,theywillhavebeenworkingonitforsevendays.（workonsth.关于……的工作）在时间状语从句中，要用现在完成时代替将来完成时：BythetimeI’vecompletedthisone,I’llhavebeenwritingforsixyears.到我写完这本书时，我将已经写了6年书了。WhenI’vebuiltthisone,I’llhavebuiltfivealtogether.【SpecialDifficulties】Cost,Price,Valuecostn.①价格，价钱，费用（侧重指某项服务、工程等），成本（复数）atthecostof以……的费用，造价……Theybuiltthebridgeatacostofover$600,000.Idon’tknowthecostsofthesecars.我不知道这些车的成本是多少。vt.②价钱为……，（使）花费（不用于被动语态）Thenewcarcosthim$5,000.271.HowmuchdiditcosttolaunchtheHubbletelescopeintospace?Whatdoesthisblousecost,please?请问,这件衬衣多少钱?pricen.①价格，价钱（侧重于指某个具体东西或商品的价钱），物价（复数）Howmuchisthatblouse?Let\'sasktheprice.What’sthepriceofthedress,please?Pricesaregoingupagain.物价又上涨了。v.②问……的价钱，查明/查询……的价格；给……定价/标价Theypricedcarsfortwodaysbeforetheyboughtone.Thedressispricedat$50,butyoucanhaveitat$40.IwanttopricethebedlineninafewothershopsbeforeIbuyany.我想在买床单之前打听几家商店的价格.valuen.①表示抽象的价值或重要性，价值观（复数）Thestolenitemswereofsentimental,ratherthanfinancialvalue.被盗物品更具有情感上的涵义,而不是经济上的价值.Thisbookisofgreatvaluetome.Hisvaluesaredifferentfromthoseofmine.vt.②尊重，重视valuesth.认为……有价值valuesth.ownedbyoneself敝帚自珍Valueyourtime.珍惜时间Ifyoudon’tvaluemyadvice,I’llspeaknomore.Exercise练习1Therehasbeenasharpriseinthe(price)(cost)(value)ofliving.2WheneverIbuyanythingnew,myfatheralwaysasksmethe(value)(cost)(price).3Ifyouhavetoworkforsomethingyouwill(value)(price)(cost)itmore.4Thathouse(valued)(cost)(priced)afortunetobuild.5Dr.James\'sworkisofenormous(value)(cost)(price)tothecommunity.6Janehas(valued)(cost)(priced)thealternativeproductsandsherecommendsthisone.7Sofar,tencountrieshavegivenmoneytowardsthe(value)(price)(cost)ofrebuildingaftertheearthquake.1sharprise:大幅上升的thecostofliving生活的费用2price价格3value:表示认为有价值4fortune:一大笔财产cost花费5community:社区,社会value:价值ofgreat(enormous)value有巨大的价值（enormousadj.巨大的）6alternative另外的recommend:推荐pricesth.比较价格7towards=to272.thecostofrebuilding重建费用【Multiplechoicequestions】2TheHubbletelescope___a___.a.willtellusagreatdealabouttheuniverseb.costalotbutwasalmostworthlessc.willmeasurethesizeoftheearthd.requiresconstantcarefromtheastronautsconstant[]n.[\uf035数、物]常数,恒量；adj.不变的,持续的,坚决的5Arobot-armwillholdthetelescope____a____theastronautstorepairit.a.forb.sothatc.solongasd.whichforsb.todosth.基本结构sothat+句子；solongas+句子:表示只要；which+句子11ThemainmirroroftheHubble____d___.a.hadproblemsb.wasdistantc.wastheclearestd.requiresrepairshadproblems有问题problemwithsth.……出问题(习惯用法)Therewasaproblemwithitsmainmirror.problem的两个含义：question；troublereauiresrepairs需要修理12TheHubbleis____d___theearth\'satmosphere.a.belowb.overc.withind.outsideabove在……之上(凌空)abovetheearth’satmosphere在大气层的上方Lesson62Afferthefire【Newwordsandexpressions】（15）controln.控制smoken.烟desolateadj.荒凉的threatenv.威胁surroundingadj.周围的destructionn.破坏，毁灭floodn.洪水，水灾authorityn.（常用复数）当局grass-seedn.草籽sprayv.喷撒quantityn.量rootn.根centuryn.世纪patchn.小片273.blackenv.变黑，发暗controln.★控制incontrol在控制之内undercontrol在控制之下,被控制outofcontrol失控controlsth.Icancontrolit.=Icanmanageit.我能对付(口语)underarrest被逮捕smoken.★烟（雾）fullofsmoke充满烟雾smokeyadj.多烟的（名词加-y,变为形容词）smokeyarea吸烟区；nonsmokeyarea禁烟区rain–rainy；cloud-cloudysmokern.抽烟的人heavysmoker烟瘾重的人；nonsmoker不抽烟的人smokev.吸烟Don\'tsmoke!=Nosmoking!Hesmokedheavily.smokingarea/smokingroom吸烟室smokingapartment火车上的吸烟车厢cigarette=cigarn.香烟desolateadj.★荒凉的desolateadj.荒凉的（与地方相连，表示无人居住,荒无人烟的）；极度孤独的(与人相连时)lonely[]adj.\uf035孤独的，荒凉的，偏僻的（与地方连表示孤零零的，但并不表示无人居住）threatenv.★威胁的threatentodosth.威胁着要做……（与人相连）；有迹象表明……Itthreatenedtorain.有迹象表明天要下雨了。threatensb.withsth.以……来威胁/恐吓某人Thethiefthreatenedhimwithaknife.Thewholevillageisthreatenedwithdestruction.surroundingadj.★周围的surroundings[]n.\uf035环境(在周边的事物)atmosphere[]n.\uf035大气层,氛围(在周边的人文环境)destructionn.★破坏,毁灭destroyv.破坏destructiveadj.毁灭性的constructv.建设(为……创造更好的条件)constructionn.建设,建筑constructionbank建设银行constructiveadj.建设性的(意见)274.buildv.建设(具体的建某物)floodn.★洪水,水灾flood=floods都对，都可以用，无区别authority[\uf043\uf03a\uf035\uf057\uf043\uf072\uf069\uf074\uf069]n.★\uf035当局(常用复数authorities)authorityn.权威（单数）sprayv.★喷撒spraysth.over/on往……上喷洒spraywaterover/onflowerspraygrass-seedover/onthegroundquantityn.★（数）量quantitiesof大量的……qualityn.质量sth.withgoodquality具有好质量的东西rootn.★根Whatistherootcause?根本原因是什么？rootof………的根takeroot生根comeout长出来shootcomeout发芽（shootn.芽）flowercomeout开花getout出去patchn.★小片，颜色和周围不同的部分patchn.(平面上的)一片,补丁(本意)Whatisthatyellowpatchonthewall?墙上那块黄斑是什么？apatchof一小片；patchesof许多片Therearepatchesofcloudinthesky.apieceof/abitof/asheetof一片，一块……blackenv.★变黑，发暗Thesmokehasblackenthewalls.烟把墙熏黑了。-en后缀表示动词，译为“使……变得……”weakadj.虚弱的——>weakenv.使……变弱，削弱复合词（由两个词组合而成一个词），如fireman派生词（加前缀或后缀的词）如-tion——名词后缀；-less——形容词后缀【Text】Firemenhadbeenfightingtheforestfirefornearlythreeweeksbeforetheycouldgetitundercontrol.Ashorttimebefore,greattreeshadcoveredthecountrysideformilesaround.Now,smokestillroseupfromthewarmgroundoverthedesolatehills.Winterwascomingonandthehillsthreatenedthesurroundingvillageswithdestruction,forheavyrainwouldnotonlywashawaythesoilbutwouldcauseseriousfloodsaswell.Whenthe275.firehadatlastbeenputout,theforestauthoritiesorderedseveraltonsofaspecialtypeofgrass-seedwhichwouldgrowquickly.Theseedwassprayedoverthegroundinhugequantitiesbyaeroplanes.Theplaneshadbeenplantingseedfornearlyamonthwhenitbegantorain.Bythen,however,inmanyplacesthegrasshadalreadytakenroot.Inplaceofthegreattreeswhichhadbeengrowingthereforcenturiespatchesofgreenhadbeguntoappearintheblackenedsoil.参考译文消防队员们同那场森林大火搏斗了将近3个星期才最后把火势控制住.就在不久之前,参天大树还覆盖着方圆数英里的土地.而现在,发热的地面上仍然升腾着烟雾,弥漫在荒凉的山丘上.冬季即将来临,这些山丘对周围的村庄具有毁灭性的威胁,因为大雨不仅会冲走土壤,而且还会引起严重的水灾.在大火最后被扑灭后,森林管理当局订购了好几吨一种生长迅速的特殊类型的草籽.飞机把这种草籽大量地撒播在地上.飞机撒播近一个月后,开始下起雨来.然而到那时,很多地方的草已经生了根.一片片的绿草开始出现在这片烧焦的土地上,代替了多少世纪以来一直生长在那里的参天大树.【课文讲解】1、Firemenhadbeenfightingtheforestfirefornearlythreeweeksbeforetheycouldgetitundercontrol.fightsth.和……作搏斗getitundercontrol表示“使它得到控制”，get有“使……处于某种状态”的含义，“get+宾语+介词短语”作宾补:TheGovernmentcannolongerkeeppricesundercontrol.政府已控制不住物价。Gettheroominorder.2、Ashorttimebefore,greattreeshadcoveredthecountrysideformilesaround.ashorttimebefore和ashorttimeago都可以与段时间相连ashorttimebefore不久以前，从过去某一点时间算起，一段时间以前ashorttimeago过去某段时间，从现在算起，一段时间以前formilesaround方圆几英里（around表示“在周围，向四周”）Thisistheonlymodernbuildingformilesaround.3、Now,smokestillroseupfromthewarmgroundoverthedesolatehills.riseup(from)升上来smokeriseup(烟、雾)弥漫4、Winterwascomingonandthehillsthreatenedthesurroundingvillageswithdestruction,forheavyrainwouldnotonlywashawaythesoilbutwouldcauseseriousfloodsaswell.winterwascomingon冬季即将来临(季节的来临的通用表达式)，comeon的过去进行时形式表示的是过去将来时，它在这里表示季节的“到来，来临”：Whenspringcomeson,therewillbeflowerseverywhere.Iwasstillintheforestwhennightcameon.washaway冲掉，冲走，洗掉Awoodenbridgewaswashedawaybytheflood.Ican’twashthespotaway.276.5、Whenthefirehadatlastbeenputout,theforestauthoritiesorderedseveraltonsofaspecialtypeofgrass-seedwhichwouldgrowquickly.putout扑灭order定购type强调与其他同类的东西有明显不同的特征的种类，与kind有区别6、Theseedwassprayedoverthegroundinhugequantitiesbyaeroplanes.quantity单数时仅表示“数量”，既可以用于表示多也可以用于表示少：Theydrankalarge/great/smallquantityofbeerlastnight.quantity复数时表示“大量”：Heboughtbooksin(large)quantities.7、Bythen,however,inmanyplacesthegrasshadalreadytakenroot.takeroot表示“生根”，这个短语也可以表示某处思想/想法等“扎根”：Thistypeofgrasstakesrooteasily.Theideahastakenrootinhismind.8、Inplaceofthegreattreeswhichhadbeengrowingthereforcenturiespatchesofgreenhadbeguntoappearintheblackenedsoil.inplaceof替代，取代(只能指代位置、空间，原来放的东西现在不在了)Inplaceofacup,Iputavasethere.以前放的是茶杯，现在放的是花瓶。JaneansweredthephoneinplaceofMary.insteadof替代+没做的事Insteadofstayinghome,Iwenttoschool.（此句就不能用“inplaceof”，而指地点空间时，既可以用“inplaceof”也可以用“insteadof”。）【Summarywriting】2Hadallthegreattreesbeenburntornot?Wastheredangerthatheavyrainwouldcauseseriousfloodsornot?Wouldthefloodsdestroythesurroundingvillagesornot?(Nowthat…which)3Didtheforestauthoritiesordergrass-seedtopreventthisornot?Forhowlongwasitsprayedoverthegroundbyplanes?(Topreventthis…which…)4Diditbegintorainornot?Wherehadthegrasstakenroot?(Bythetimethat…)2Nowthatallthegreattreeshadbeenburnt,therewasdangerthatheavyrainwouldcauseseriousfloodswhichdestroythesurroundingvillages.nowthat既然；which定语从句3Topreventthistheforestauthoritiesorderedgrass-seedwhichwassprayedoverthegroundbyplanesfornearlyamonth.toprevent…为了预防……4Bythetimeitbegantorain,thegrasshadtakenrootinthesoil.bythetime(that)到……时候为止(that可以省略)，应理解为“before”【Keystructures】过去完成时和过去完成进行时过去完成进行时的构成：hadbeen+现在分词277.过去完成进行时用于强调某动作在过去更早的某一段时间内一直在进行，并对过去某一时刻产生结果，过去完成进行时也可用来表示过去经常重复的动作，还可以表示根据直接或间接的证据而得出结论。与它经常连用的表示时间的词有before，for，since，allday等。Shewasverytired.Shehadbeentypinglettersallday.Jillwasangry.Jimhadbeenphoninghereverynightforawholeweek.Hereyeswerered.Itwasobviousshehadbeencrying.在包含间接引语的句子中，如果引述词是过去时态，则现在完成进行时要改为过去完成进行时。过去完成时与过去完成进行时有时可以互换。但需要表示某个工作已经完成时，只能用过去完成时。WhenIarrived,they’dalredyputthefireout.【SpecialDifficulties】ControlandCheckcontrolvt.①控制，指挥，支配，管理Don’ttrytocontrolotherpeople.n.②控制（能力），支配（能力）It’shardtokeepthenumberofpeoplecomingintothecountryundercontrol.checkvt.检查，核对，查看They’regoingtocheckourpassports.GreatandBiggreatadj.大的(强调重要性)，伟大的，重大的，重要的Frankhasjustmadeagreatdecision.bigadj.大的(强调面积、体积、规模上的大)Samisabigman.SoilandGroundsoiln.泥土(能让植物生长的)，土，土地，土壤Treesandgrassgrowquicklyinrichsoil.groundn.地表，地面(与土壤无关)，场地，土地Hethrewthecuptotheground.【Multiplechoicequestions】6Theplanes____c___nearlyamonthtoplanttheseed.a.didb.madec.tookd.had花费时间的表达：如果人作主语用spend；用时间表达用take9Large____d____ofseedwereused.a.weightsb.measuresc.tonsd.amountsweightn.重量；measuresv.测量；tonsn.吨（severaltons）largeamounts大量的，修饰不可数名词11Patchesofgreenhadbeguntoappear.Therewasgreengrass____d____.a.everywhereb.onlyinoneortwoplacesc.inoneplaced.hereandtherepatches许多快278.everywhere每一寸土地上都长着东西hereandthere这一块,那一块,很多快,不一定是每一寸Lesson63Shewasnotamused【Newwordsandexpressions】（6）circlen.圈子admirev.赞美，钦佩closeadj.亲密的weddingn.婚礼receptionn.招待会sortn.种类admirev.★赞美，钦佩vt.①钦佩，赞赏Iadmirehismusicmorethananyoneelse’s.admiresb.forsth.因为……羡慕某人Iadmirehimforhisrichness/house/cleverdaughter/konwledge.vt.②欣赏，观赏Whileadmiringthenewbuilding,Iheardsomeonecallingmyname.vt.(③口语)夸奖，称赞Shelikestohearherchildrenadmired.closeadj.★亲密的closefriend亲密的朋友reception★n.招待会reception＝partyweddingreception婚宴newsconference新闻发布会,记者招待会sortn.★种类，类型（常与of连用）type种类（有特殊特征的）sort和kind有时可以互换，但在下面两种情况下用sort：thatsortofperson①那种人sort②可含有讽刺意味That\'sthesortofthingyoulikebest.Youmustn’tmixwiththatsortofpeople.你不得与那种人交往。【Text】JeremyHampdenhasalargecircleoffriendsandisverypopularatparties.Everybodyadmireshimforhisgreatsenseofhumour--everybody,thatis,excepthissix-year-olddaughter,Jenny.Recently,oneofJeremy\'sclosestfriendsaskedhimtomakeaspeechataweddingreception.ThisisthesortofthingthatJeremyloves.HepreparedthespeechcarefullyandwenttotheweddingwithJenny.Hehadincludedalargenumberoffunnystoriesinthespeechand,ofcourse,itwasagreatsuccess.Assoonashehadfinished,Jennytoldhimshewanted279.togohome.Jeremywasalittledisappointedbythisbuthedidashisdaughterasked.Onthewayhome,heaskedJennyifshehadenjoyedthespeech.Tohissurprise,shesaidshehadn\'t.Jeremyaskedherwhythiswassoandshetoldhimthatshedidnotliketoseesomanypeoplelaughingathim!参考译文杰里米·汉普登交际甚广,是各种聚会上深受大家欢迎的人.人人都钦佩他那绝妙的幽默感——人人,就是说,除他6岁的女儿珍妮之外的每一个人.最近,杰里米的一个最亲密的朋友请他在一个婚礼上祝词.这正是杰里米喜欢做的事情.他认真准备了讲稿,带着珍妮一道去参加了婚礼.他的祝词里面加进了大量逗人的故事,自然大获成功.他刚一讲完,珍妮就对他说她要回家.这不免使杰里米有点扫兴,但他还是按照女儿的要求做了.在回家的路上,他问珍妮是否喜欢他的祝词.使他吃惊的是,她说她不喜欢.杰里米问她为何不喜欢,她说她不愿意看到那么多的人嘲笑他!【课文讲解】1、JeremyHampdenhasalargecircleoffriendsandisverypopularatparties.havealargecircleoffriends有一个很大的朋友圈子,交际很广＝sb.has/havealotoffriendsHehasalargecircleoffriends.他有很多朋友circle的含义之一是“（具有共同利益或兴趣等的人形成的）圈子，……界”Suchthingsarenevertalkedaboutinbusinesscircles.Jeremyusedtohavealargecircleoffriends,butnowhelikesbeingalone.popularadj.受欢迎的，得人心的Maryisalwayspopularwith/amongchildren.2、Everybodyadmireshimforhisgreatsenseofhumour--everybody,thatis,excepthissix-year-olddaughter,Jenny.admire…for钦佩……的……thatis为插入语，一旦插在句子当中,是作为固定结构,意思是“那就是说，亦即”，起解释作用HeiscominghomenextMonday,thatis,April5th.senseofhumour幽默感Georgehasnosenseofhumour.Heisamanwithouthumour.3、ThisisthesortofthingthatJeremyloves.thesortof,thekindof的后面加单数4、HepreparedthespeechcarefullyandwenttotheweddingwithJenny.preparesth.准备做……，后面跟内容有关系Iampreparingaspeech.（speechn.发言）prepareforsth.为……作准备，后面不一定跟内容有关系5、Hehadincludedalargenumberoffunnystoriesinthespeechand,ofcourse,itwasagreatsuccess.included包含（把里面内容的一部分挑出来说）contain强调容器里的包含,后面一定要把所有的东西都列举出来Itwasagreatsuccess.表示“这事做的不错,不同凡响,很成功”6、Jeremywasalittledisappointedbythisbuthedidashisdaughterasked.280.alittle稍微,有一点bedisappointedby…因为……感到失望as+从句如同……那样，以……的方式（方式状语从句）doasyouaretold按你被告知的做Thisfishisn’tcookedasIlikeit.7、Jeremyaskedherwhythiswassoandshetoldhimthatshedidnotliketoseesomanypeoplelaughingathim!whythiswasso（this可以作主语,也可以作宾语，so只能作宾语,只能放在动词后面）Ithinkso./Ihopeso./Iguessso./Iexpectso.Irefusetodoso.我拒绝这样做seesb.doingsth.看见某人正在作某事somanypeople跟数字相连的前面一定要用solaugh★vi.(①大)笑You’reverykindtolaughwhenItellafunnystory.Everybodylaughedoutloudwhenhesaidthat.vi.②嘲笑（介词用at）Ifyougorounddayingthingslikethat,everyonewilllaughatyou.如果你到处说那种话，所有的人都会嘲笑你的。如果laughat后跟的是物，表示“因……而发笑”：You’reverykindtolaughatmyfunnystories.【Summarywriting】1IsJeremyHampdengreatlyadmiredforhisgreatsenseofhumourornot?Whatwasheinvitedtodo?Didheimmediatelyagreetodosoornot?(WhenJeremy...whois...)WhenJeremyHampden,whoisgreatlyadmiredforhisgreatsenseofhumour,wasinvitedtomakeaspeechataweddingreception,heimmediatelyagreedtodoso.在不使句子产生歧义的前提下,定语从句可放在其所修饰的整个句子的后面,如以下两句:Thebrother,whowasstandingnearthehouse,wantedtogoswimming.Thebrotherwantedtogoswimmingwhowasstandingnearthehouse.但下面的就容易产生歧义:Thebrother,whowasstandingnearthehouse,wantedtotalkwiththegirl.Thebrotherwantedtotalkwiththegirlwhowasstandingnearthehouse.(有歧义)【LetterWriting】书信常见开头：Youmustbeveryannoyedwithmefor…Ihavejustheardthat…【Multiplechoicequestions】4____a___Jenny,everyoneadmireshimforhisgreatsenseofhumour.a.Exceptforb.Apartc.Exceptd.Unlessunlessadv.除非281.exceptfor＝apartfromApartfromafewwords,IdonotknowanyFrenchatall.7Jeremywasalittledisappointed.Hewas____d____disappointed.a.littleb.somehowc.enoughd.somewhatalittle少量,少许,有一点点；little几乎没有。与形容词或副词连用时,用alittle；与名词连用时,用alittle,little都可。何时用alittle,何时用little,是由说话人的态度区分somehowadv.不知怎么的SomehowIfellinthehole.somewhatadv.有一些，有一点（somewhat＝alittle）8Everyoneadmireshim.They____a___him.a.thinkhighlyofb.laughatc.estimated.esteemthinkof考虑；thinkhighlyof高度赞扬estimatev.评估；esteemv.尊重【语法精粹】1Simplephotographiclensescan’t__D__sharp,undistortedimagesoverawidefield.A.toformB.areformedC.formingD.form情态动词后接动词原形构成谓语2Ofallthefactorsaffectingagriculturalyields,weatheristheone___B__themost.A.itinfluencesfarmersB.thatinfluencesfarmersC.farmersthatitinfluencesD.whyfarmersinfluenceit如果一句子出现了谓语动词,再出现动词则可能是：①并列关系②从句③非谓语动词④介词短语why引导的从句一定是表语从句或宾语从句3Bytrackingtheeyeofahurricane,forecasterscandeterminethespeedatwhich___B__A.isastormmovingB.astormismovingC.ismovingastormD.amovingstormwhich后接的是定语从句，且是atwhich在句中作成份atwhich=atthespeedThisistheriverinwhichIswim.4Duringthefloodof1927,theRedCross,___D__outofemergencyheadquartersinMississppi,setuptemporarysheltersforthehomeless.A.operatesB.isoperatingC.hasoperatedD.operating6Duringaneclipseofthesun,_____intheshadowoftheMoon.A.theEarthliesB.theEarthwhenlyingC.thattheEarthliesD.thelyingEarth少了主语和谓语动词Lesson64TheChannelTunnel282.【Newwordsandexpressions】（13）tunneln.隧道portn.港口ventilatev.通风chimneyn.烟囱sealevel海平面doubleadj.双的ventilationn.通风fearv.害怕invasionn.入侵，侵略officiallyadv.正式地connectv.连接Europeanadj.欧洲的continentn.大陆tunneln.★隧道channeln.海峡（TheChannel英吉利海峡）ventilatev.★通风ventilationn.★通风ForcedVentilation强制排风系统（forced[\uf066\uf043\uf03a\uf073\uf074]adj.被迫的，强迫的，动用武力的）airv.通风Airtheroom,please!给房间通通风doubleadj.★双的字母W的读音就是“doubleu”，意为两个u构成w.couple，pair两个acoupleofweeksapairofshoes/socks/glasses一副眼镜fearv.★害怕vt.①害怕，畏惧sb.feardoingsth.害怕做……Shefearsspeakinginpublic.sb.fearsth.害怕……Ifeareddarkness.beafraidof害怕……Iamafraidofdogs.beafraidof/fear人做主语vt.②恐怕，猜想（比beafraid要正式）fearthat…恐怕……Wefear/Itisfeared/We’reafraidthatmanyliveshavebeenlostinthecrash.beafraidthat…=Iamsorry.恐怕……（婉言谢绝）Canyouhelpme?IamafraidIcan\'t.=Iamafraidnot.283.fright/frighten/frightening/frightened/frightfulsth.frightensb.=sth.scaresb.……吓了……一跳Youfrightened/scaredme.Thedoyfrightenedme.frighten=scare是因某件突然的事情才让某人产生了害怕的情绪，句子后边的部分是人horrify[]v.\uf035使恐怖,使极度厌恶,惊骇horrified[\uf060\uf068\uf043\uf072\uf049\uf066\uf061\uf049\uf064]adj.惊悸的,带有恐怖感的,惊骇的invasionn.★入侵,侵略invade[]vt.\uf035侵略,侵袭,拥挤officiallyadv.★正式地officialadj.（官方的）正式formallyadv.（一般的）正式connectv.★连接connectsth.with/to…把……和……连接connectAwithB(A和B平等)connectAtoB(A连到B上去)Thisroadconnectsthevillagewith/toLondon.Europeanadj.★欧洲的continentn.★大陆EuropeanContinent欧洲大陆（不包括欧洲岛国）【Text】In1858,aFrenchengineer,AimeThomedeGamond,arrivedinEnglandwithaplanforatwenty-one-miletunnelundertheEnglishChannel.HesaidthatitwouldbepossibletobuildaplatforminthecentreoftheChannel.Thisplatformwouldserveasaportandarailwaystation.Thetunnelwouldbewell-ventilatediftallchimneyswerebuiltabovesealevel.In1860,abetterplanwasputforwardbyanEnglishman,WilliamLow.Hesuggestedthatadoublerailway-tunnelshouldbebuilt.Thiswouldsolvetheproblemofventilation,forifatrainenteredthistunnel,itwoulddrawinfreshairbehindit.Forty-twoyearslateratunnelwasactuallybegun.If,atthetime,theBritishhadnotfearedinvasion,itwouldhavebeencompleted.Theworldhadtowaitalmostanother100yearsfortheChannelTunnel.ItwasofficiallyopenedonMarch7,1994,finallyconnectingBritaintotheEuropeancontinent.参考译文1858年,一位名叫埃梅·托梅·德·干蒙的法国工程师带着建造一条长21英里、穿越英吉利海峡的隧道计划到了英国.他说,可以在隧道中央建造一座平台,这座平台将用作码头和火车站.如果再建些伸出海面的高大的烟囱状通风管,隧道就具备了良好的通风条件.1860年,一位名叫威廉·洛的英国人提出了一项更好的计划.他提议建一条双轨隧道,这样就解决了通风问题.因为如果有一列火车开进隧道,它就把新鲜空气随之抽进了隧道.42年以后,隧道实际已经开始建了.如果不是因为那时英国人害怕入侵,隧道早已建成了.世界不得不再等将近100年才看到海峡隧道竣工.它于1994年3月7日正式开通,将英国与欧洲大陆连到了一起.284.【课文讲解】1、In1858,aFrenchengineer,AimeThomedeGamond,arrivedinEnglandwithaplanforatwenty-one-miletunnelundertheEnglishChannel.planfor+名词/动名词……的计划twenty-one-mile加连字符，用单数，作定语2、Thisplatformwouldserveasaportandarailwaystation.serveas…=servefor…起……作用，用作……，充当……Itwillserveasaswimmingpool.Thissofacanserveas/for(a)bed.3、In1860,abetterplanwasputforwardbyanEnglishman,WilliamLow.putforward(plan/suggestion)提出（计划、建议等）Youknowtheywouldn’tacceptyourplan.Whydidyouputitforward?4、Hesuggestedthatadoublerailway-tunnelshouldbebuilt.suggestvt.①暗示，用法与其他的词相同vt.②建议，用虚拟语气，后接动词是要用-ing形式，后接that从句采用一种固定的用法“should+动词原形”（should可省略）Isuggested(that)he(should)gohome.(that,should都可省略)HesuggestedthatIshouldgowithhim.他建议我一定要跟他去.insist作“坚持”讲时用法同suggestHeinsistedthatIshouldstaytolunch.他坚持要我留下来吃晚饭.5、Thiswouldsolvetheproblemofventilation,forifatrainenteredthistunnel,itwoulddrawinfreshairbehindit.drawin吸进，如用bring没有drawin形象、贴切6、If,atthetime,theBritishhadnotfearedinvasion,itwouldhavebeencompleted.虚拟语气(非真实条件句)中，与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时，此时主句格式为wouldhavedone，would/could/should都可以情态动词加havedone表示对过去的推测，如musthavedone，can\'thavedone等7、Theworldhadtowaitalmostanother100yearsfortheChannelTunnel.waitforsb.wait(for)sometimesIhavewaitedfiveminutes.(for可不要)Ihavewaitedforyou(for)fiveminutes.Ihavewaitedfiveyearsforyou.【Summarywriting】1WhoplannedtobuildatunnelundertheEnglishChannelin1858?Howwoulditbeventilated?(Thetunnel,which…)4Didworkbeginforty－twoyearslaterornot?Whywasitstopped?(Though…because)285.5WhenwastheChannelTunnelofficiallyopened?(However)1先行词,which:非限定性定语从句Thetunnel,whichaFrenchengineerplannedtobuildin1858,wouldbeventilatediftallchimmeyswerebuiltabovesealevel.4Thoughitwasbegun(workbeginforty-twoyearslater),itwasstoppedbecause…5However起了副词的作用,后面可以直接加一个句子【Composition】1TheEnglishChannelseparatesBritainfromEurope.Thecountryhasnotbeeninvadedsince1066.(Thanksto…which)2Modernwarfareisfarmorecomplex.Suchfearsnolongerexist.(However,nowthat…)3BritainbenefitsenormouslyfromaChannelTunnel.EuropebenefitsenormouslyfromaChannelTunnel.(Both…and)1thanksto幸亏(to是介词)ThankstotheEnglishChannelwhichseparatesBritishfromEurope,the…2nowthat即使；既然Howwever,nowthatmodenwarfareisfarmorecomplex,suchfearsnolongerexist.即使现代战争越来越复杂了,然而这样的害怕都已经不存在了3BothBritainandEuropebenefit...(注意benefit不能加s)benefit[]n.\uf035利益，好处；vt.有益于，有助于；vi.受益【Keystructures】第3类条件句第3类条件句是在if从句里设想纯粹想像的事情，在主句里讲述想像的结果，谈的是没有或永远不可能有的结果，指的是过去没有过的事情。第3类条件句的基本结构是if从句用过去完成时，主句用wouldhave/shouldhave+过去分词：Ifithadrained,wewouldhavestayedathome.IfIhadworkedhardedatschool,I’dhavegotabetterjob.在if从句中可用couldhave+过去分词代替hadbeenableto+动词原形：I’dhavereadthatbookifIcouldhaveboughtit.特殊结构:suggest/insist,后接that从句(should+动词原形)【Specialdifficulties】动词draw的一些短语drawvt.拉，拖drawin使……进入；吸入Thesmellofflowersintheshopdrewusin.花的香味使我们走进了这家商店。drawback后退，后缩；收回，撤回Youmustfinishtheworkbyyourselvesnow.Theyhavedrawnbacktheirpeople.你们得靠自己完成这项工作。他们已把他们的人员撤走了。drawup停住，使……停住；起草，制订，拟订IwaswaitingforJillinfrontofashopwhenataxidrewupbesideme.Haveanynewagreementsbeendrawnupbetweenthetwocountries?286.drawoff撤走，离开Thevillagershadtodrawoffbecauseoftheflood.Whentheothersweretalkingloudly,hequicklydrewoff.【Multiplechoicequestions】3Itwouldbepossibletobuildaplatform.Aplatform___c____.a.couldbuildb.wouldbebuiltc.couldbebuiltd.wouldbuildcould可能；would表示将来要做9AplanwasputforwardbyWilliamLow.He___a____it.a.suggestedb.intendedc.aimedatd.plannedputforword提出；intendtodosth.打算做……aimat目标是……；planv.计划suggestv.建议suggest+doingsth.；suggestthat从句；suggest+名词或代词11ItfinallyconnectsBritainandEurope.BritainandEuropearefinally____b___.a.mixedb.joinedtogetherc.rejoinedd.combinedmixv.混合；joinv.连接(加入),强调使成为其中一员rejoinv.再次加入；combinev.合并connect强调连接Lesson65Jumboversusthepolice【Newwordsandexpressions】（9）versusprep.对(对抗的概念)Christmasn.圣诞节circusn.马戏团presentn.礼物accompanyv.陪伴,随行approachv.走近oughtmodalverb.应该weighv.重fortunateadj.幸运的versusprep.★对(对抗的概念)vs.……对……（vs.是versus的缩写，读音不变）Haveyouwatchedthegamelastnight?ItwasFranceversusItaly.Christmasn.★圣诞节ChristmasEve圣诞前夜FatherChristmas圣诞老人SantaClaus圣诞老人(美国常用)（Santa[][\uf035美]=SantaClaus）presentn.★礼物287.present=gift礼物accompanyv.★陪伴,随行I\'llaccompanyyoutoyourhotel.I\'llaccompanyyouhome.我陪你回家。approachv.★走近v.①走近（=comenearerandnearer）Theoldmanapproaches80yearsold.approachsb.离某人越来越近Heisapproachingme.n.②途径,方法Wehavefoundanapproachtosuccess.oughtmodalverb★应该oughttodosth.应该(义务上)Yououghttoknockatthedoor.shoulddosth.应该(我认为)Youshouldknockatthedoor.weighv.★重sb./sth.weigh+体重……的体重/重量是……weightn.重量loseweight减肥fortunateadj.★幸运的fortunate=lucky有运气的，幸运的【Text】LastChristmas,thecircusowner,JimmyGates,decidedtotakesomepresentstoachildren\'shospital.DressedupasFatherChristmasandaccompaniedbya\'guardofhonour\'ofsixprettygirls,hesetoffdownthemainstreetofthecityridingababyelephantcalledJumbo.Heshouldhaveknownthatthepolicewouldneverallowthissortofthing.ApolicemanapproachedJimmyandtoldhimheoughttohavegonealongasidestreetasJumbowasholdingupthetraffic.ThoughJimmyagreedtogoatonce,Jumborefusedtomove.Fifteenpolicemenhadtopushveryhardtogethimoffthemainstreet.Thepolicehadadifficulttime,buttheyweremostamused.\'Jumbomustweighafewtons,\'saidapolicemanafterwards,\'soitwasfortunatethatwedidn\'thavetocarryhim.Ofcourse,weshouldarresthim,butashehasagoodrecord,weshalllethimoffthistime.\'参考译文去年圣诞节,马戏团老板吉米·盖茨决定送些礼物给儿童医院.他打扮成圣诞老人,在由6个漂亮姑娘组成的“仪仗队”的陪同下,骑上一头名叫江伯的小象,沿着城里的主要街道出发了.他本该知道警察绝不会允许这类事情发生.一个警察走过来告诉吉米,他应该走一条小路,因为江伯阻碍了交通.虽然吉米同意马上就走,但江伯却拒绝移动.15个警察不得不用很大的力气把它推离主要街道.警察虽然吃了苦头,但他们还是感到很有趣.“江伯一定有好几吨重,“一个警察事后这样说,“值得庆幸的是它没让我们抬它走.当然,我们应该逮捕它,但由于它一贯表现很好,这次我们饶了它.“288.【课文讲解】1、LastChristmas,thecircusowner,JimmyGates,decidedtotakesomepresentstoachildren\'shospital.take…to把……送到2、DressedupasFatherChristmasandaccompaniedbya\'guardofhonour\'ofsixprettygirls,hesetoffdownthemainstreetofthecityridingababyelephantcalledJumbo.dressupas…装扮成为……（的样子）dressup打扮aguardofhonour仪仗队ofsixprettygirls中的of表示“由……组成的”AgroupofsixChineseboystookpartinthecompetition.setoff出发3、Heshouldhaveknownthatthepolicewouldneverallowthissortofthing.shouldhavedone原本应该发生而没发生Youshouldhavecomeearlier.needn\'thavedone过去不必做但是做了oughttohavedone也表示原本应该做而没做所有的情态动词+havedone都跟过去有关4、ApolicemanapproachedJimmyandtoldhimheoughttohavegonealongasidestreetasJumbowasholdingupthetraffic.as＝becauseholdupthetraffic阻碍交通Ifyouparkthecarinthestreet,it’llholdupthetraffic.5、ThoughJimmyagreedtogoatonce,Jumborefusedtomove.agreetodosth.同意做某事(to为不定式)agreewithsb.同意某人（的建议等）Iagreewithyou.agreetosth.Iagreetoyouradvice.Iagreetogowithyou.6、Fifteenpolicemenhadtopushveryhardtogethimoffthemainstreet.getoff从……移去/除去（off＝awayfrom离开什么地方）Pleasegettheboxofftheboat.7、\'Jumbomustweighafewtons,\'saidapolicemanafterwards,\'soitwasfortunatethatwedidn\'thavetocarryhim.Ofcourse,weshouldarresthim,butashehasagoodrecord,weshalllethimoffthistime.\'afterwards＝later后来Itwasfortunatethat…幸运的是……letsb.off饶恕某人，放过……，对……从轻处理recordn.纪录；（警察局的）记录，历史，成绩setupanewworldrecord289.sb.haveagoodrecord表现一贯很好Herrecordasasecretaryinthefirmisn’tverygood.resume[]n.\uf035摘要,概略,<美>履历[]vt.\uf035再继续,重新开始,重新占用,再用,恢复【Summarywriting】1Whatdidhedecidetotaketoachildren\'shospital?Howdidthecircusowner,JimmyGates,dressup?Didhesetoffdownthemainstreetofthecity,ordidhegodownasidestreet?WasheridinganelephantcalledJumboornot?(Afterhaving...and...riding)2Washetoldthathewasholdingupthetrafficornot?DidJimmyagreetogoatonce,ornot?DidJumboagreetogo,ordidherefusetomove?Howmanypolicemenhadtopushhimoffthemainstreet?(Onbeing…but…so…)1AfterhavingdecidedtotakepresentstohospitalanddressedupasFatherChristmas,hesetoffdownthestreetridingababyelephantcalledJumbo.After的后面可以直接加doing,也可以加havingdoneAfterknockingatthedoor./Afterhavingknockedatthedoor.decided和dressed共用afterhaving动词ing强调时间上的同时2Onbeingtoldthathewasholdingupthetraffic,heagreedtogoatonce,butJumborefusedtomove,sofifteenpolicemenhadtopushhimoffthemainstreet.on加在动词前面,相当与assoonasbe在这儿要跟done相连【LetterWriting】书信常见语：Ireallyhatetocomplain,but…Sometimeago,I…【Keystructures】Must,Haveto,ShouldandOughttomust通常只用于现在时和将来时，其他时态则用haveto代替。haveto比must往往更强调客观的要求或外在的原因。should和oughtto都可译为“应该”，表示义务、责任或某个正确的行为。oughtto比should语气略强些，多用于肯定句；疑问句与否定结构则多用should。should/oughtto+have+过去分词表示过去应该做（或完成）而没有做的事。Heoughttohavereturnedbynow.Hehadtochangehisplans,butheshouldbereturningsoon.【Specialdifficulties】带let的短语letvt.允许，让letsb.in允许进来Thewomanwholetmeinhadababyinherarms.letsb.out放走，释放，放出去Everyeveningtheyletthedogout.290.letoff放过，饶过，宽恕，对……从轻处理Ithinkweshalllethimoffthistime.我想这次我们饶了他。Thethiefneverdreamtthatthepolicewouldlethimoff.letdown使……失望，（在紧要关头）抛弃Theyneedyourhelp.Don’tletthemdown.Hefailedintheexamagainandhisparentsleftletdown.agreeandacceptagreevi.同意（计划、建议等），常与to和with连用TheyinvitedmetotheirweddingandI’veagreedtogo.acceptvt.接受，收受Sheofferedmesomeofherchildren’sclothesandIacceptedthem.Idon’tacceptyouropinion/agreewithyouropinion.dressanddressupdressvt.&vt.穿衣，打扮Tomhasnearlylearnedhowtodress/dresshimselfnow.dressup穿上盛装，精心打扮，装扮（成……）HedressedupasFatherChristmas.【Multiplechoicequestions】3Jimmy____b___FatherChristmas.a.seemedasb.lookedlikec.lookedasd.seemedas后面要加句子,只有在thesameas结构时不加句子,或者是as...asLucyisthesameashersister.like的后面加代词或名词，表示“象……一样”likeme象我这样；likeLondon象伦敦一样seem①后面可以直接加形容词Heseemedrich.他看起来很富有seem②后面会加to这个不定式结构Heseemedtoberich.Itseemedthat…③表示某件事情看起来似乎如此Itseemedthatheisrich.seem+asif④从句看起来似乎4Heshouldhaveknownthepolicewouldn\'tallowit____b___.a.andhedidb.buthedidn\'tc.buthecouldn\'td.buthehadHe没做是一个事实,故用Hedidn\'t而不用couldn\'t7____a___tocarryhim?a.Didtheyhaveb.Hadtheyc.Musttheyd.Havetheymust的后面是不会加to的haveto当中的have是实义动词Lesson66Sweetashoney!291.【Newwordsandexpressions】（20）Lancastern.兰开斯特bombern.轰炸机remoteadj.偏僻的Pacificn.太平洋damagev.毁坏wreckn.残骸rediscoverv.重新发现aerialadj.航空的surveyn.调查rescuev.营救（＝save）packagev.把……打包enthusiastn.热心人restorev.修复（修并且复原,如对艺术品的修复）imaginev.想像packingcase包装箱colonyn.群been.蜂hiven.蜂房preservev.保护beeswaxn.蜂蜡bomber[\uf062\uf043\uf06d\uf045]n.★\uf035轰炸机,炸弹手,轰炸员,投弹手bombn.炸弹remoteadj.★偏僻的，偏远的remotevillage遥远的村庄lonelyadj.偏僻的(孤零零的)lonelyisland孤岛Pacificn.★太平洋Atlantic大西洋；Indianocean印度洋；Arcticocean北冰洋wreckn.★残骸wreck强调坏了没用的东西(一个坏了的整体，完整的)；wrekage强调坏成碎片的东西rediscoverv.★重新发现re-表示“再,又”的意思，如review复习，reread再读，rewrite改写，retell复述等surveyn.★调查(一定要跟数据有关系)aerialsurvey航空调查(跟数据有关系)investigation[]n.\uf037\uf035调查，研究packagev.★把……打包v.①把……打成大包292.packn.小包；v.把……打成小包Packitforme.Wrapitupforme.n.②大包packagedeal一揽子交易,一揽子交易中的条款parceln.包裹(邮局邮寄)imaginev.★想像vt.①想像Imagineit.想象一下吧!(口语)vt.②料想，猜想imaginedoingsth.想象……imaginethat+从句想象……Iimagineyou’reliketorestafteryourlongjourney.colonyn.★群,殖民地colony[]n.\uf035殖民地，侨民，(聚居的)一群同业，一批同行，(生物)群体acolonyofants一群蚂蚁；acolonyofbees一群蜜蜂；acolonyofartists一群艺术家aflockofgoats羊群aherdofcows一群奶牛acrowdof一群(用于人)preservev.★保护，保存(经过特殊手段而保存下来)preservedbeancurd豆腐乳（beancurd豆腐）preservedfruit果脯；preservedmeat腊肉；preservedfish腊鱼smokedfish熏鱼keepv.保存，保持CanIkeepyourphoto?我能保存你的照片吗?HowlongcanIkeepit?CanIkeepitforyou?Storev.储存，保存(以便日后使用)storethecabbage【Text】In1963aLancasterbombercrashedonWallisIsland,aremoteplaceintheSouthPacific,alongwaywestofSamoa.Theplanewasn\'ttoobadlydamaged,butovertheyears,thecrashwasforgottenandthewreckremainedundisturbed.Thenin1989,twenty-sixyearsafterthecrash,theplanewasaccidentallyrediscoveredinanaerialsurveyoftheisland.Bythistime,aLancasterbomberinreasonableconditionwasrareandworthrescuing.TheFrenchauthoritieshadtheplanepackagedandmovedinpartsbacktoFrance.Nowagroupofenthusiastsaregoingtohavetheplanerestored.IthasfourRolls-RoyceMerlinengines,butthegroupwillneedtohaveonlythreeofthemrebuilt.Imaginetheirsurpriseanddelightwhentheybrokeopenthepackingcasesandfoundthatthefourthenginewassweetashoney--stillinperfectcondition.Acolonyofbeeshadturnedtheengineintoahiveanditwastotallypreservedinbeeswax!参考译文1963年,一架兰开斯特轰炸机在瓦立斯岛坠毁.那是南太平洋中一个很偏僻的小岛,位于萨摩亚群岛以293.西,距离群岛还有很长一段距离.飞机损坏的程度并不严重,但是,多年来这起飞机失事已被遗忘,飞机残骸也没受到破坏.于是,到了1989年,飞机失事26年后,在对小岛的一次航空勘查中那架飞机被意外地发现了.到了那个时候,状况良好的兰开斯特轰炸机实属罕见,值得抢救.法国政府让人把飞机包装起来,一部分一部分地搬回法国.一群热心人计划修复这架飞机.该飞机装配有4台罗尔斯-罗伊斯的默林发动机,但是他们只需要修复其中的3台.想一想他们所感受到的惊奇和兴奋——当他们拆开包装箱时,他们发现第4台发动机就像蜂蜜一样甜——发动机完好无损.一群蜜蜂把发动机当作了蜂房,发动机在蜂蜡中被完整地保存了下来.【课文讲解】1、In1963aLancasterbombercrashedonWallisIsland,aremoteplaceintheSouthPacific,alongwaywestofSamoa.crashvi.从上往下掉crashinthemountain掉到山里alongwaytogo有很长的路要走在英文中跟方位感相连的介词有三个in,on,toin隶属关系Haerbin’sinthenorthofChina.on是指跟一个地方有接触面KoreaisonthenorthofChina.to是相离的概念JapanistotheeastofChina.westof＝tothewestof（westof前面没有任何词修饰的时候，认为处于相离的概念）2、Theplanewasn\'ttoobadlydamaged,butovertheyears,thecrashwasforgottenandthewreckremainedundisturbed.over在……期间/之中（相当于during，over后如有数字则译为“超过”）overtheyears这些年来overthenewyear在新年期间；overtheChristmas在圣诞期间overSpringFestival在春节期间Heworkedveryhardoverthelasttwoyears.remain+adj.remain看作系动词be理解Theroomremainedwarm.房间还是那么暖和（注意与“theroomwaswarm.”的区别,“remain”有保持的意思）3、Bythistime,aLancasterbomberinreasonableconditionwasrareandworthrescuing.bythistime到这时incondition处于……状态inreasonablecondition＝ingoodconditioninperfectcondition处于完美状态inpoorconfition状态不好Keepthehouseingoodcondition.reasonable在这里表示“尚好的，过得去的”，用于表示价钱时，指“公道的，合理的，不贵的”等Thehouseisinreasonablecondition.Thepriceofthedressisreasonable.beworthdoingsth.值得……，具有……的价值（表达了被动含义,用主动ing表达被动含义）Thecakeiswortheating.294.Thebooksareworthreading.4、TheFrenchauthoritieshadtheplanepackagedandmovedinpartsbacktoFrance.havesth.done让别人做某事inparts=littlebylittle，bitbybit一部分一部分5、Imaginetheirsurpriseanddelightwhentheybrokeopenthepackingcasesandfoundthatthefourthenginewassweetashoney--stillinperfectcondition.imagine后面可以直接加宾语ImaginemyexcitementwhenIfoundmymotheroutside.ImaginetheirexcitementanddelightwhenthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.breaksth.open打开……cutitopen剪开(信封)tearitopen撕开(信封)在固定短语中as…as中的第一个as可省略Iambusyasabee.（asbusyasabee中第一个as省略）sweetashoney甜得象蜜(在文中是双关语,注意体会)stickyasglue胶水一样粘stongashorse马一样强壮turn…into…把……变成Whenitiscoldenough,wateristurndintoice.【Keystructures】使役式使役式：have+名词/宾语代词+动词过去分词，使役式表示对某物（或某人）……。Ihavemywalletlost/stolen.我丢了钱包WhileI’maway,I’llhaveyoulookedafter.我不在的时候，我会让人照顾你的。havesth.done的另一个意思是“遭遇不幸”Ihavemylegbroken.我摔断了腿【Specialdifficulties】集合名词集合名词表示的是由若干个体组成的集合体，如family（家庭，一家人），team（队），crew（船、飞机等上的全体工作人员），audience（观众），government（政府），staff全体职员/教员），class（班，班级）等。如果要强调作为整体的集体，则后面的动词用单数；如果要强调组成集体的每个人，则后面的动词用复数。ThenationalteamistravellingtoLondontomorrow.国家代表队将于明天去伦敦.Theteamareallhighlytalentedyoungpeople.全队人员都是天赋极高的年轻人.Theaudienceismadeupofschoolchildren.观众是由学校的学生组成的.Theaudiencewerespellboundbythemagicoftheperformance.观众们被表演的魅力迷住了.MyfamilyarewatchingTV.Myfamilyishappy【Multiplechoicequestions】6OnlythreeofthefourRollsRoyceMerlinengines__a__rebuilt.295.(a)willhavetobe(b)needhavebeen(c)arebeing(d)hadtobe情态动词need只用于否定句和疑问句中,要用在肯定句中肯定是实义动词needtodo将来需要做10__d__theyearsthatfollowed,thecrashwasforgotten.(a)Between(b)During(c)While(d)Amongovertheyears=duringtheyears296.Lesson67Volcanoes【Newwordsandexpressions】（12）volcanon.火山activeadj.活动的Kivun.基伍湖Congon.刚果Kituron.基图罗eruptv.（火山）喷发violentlyadv.猛烈地，剧烈地managev.设法brilliantadj.精彩的liquid[]\uf035adj.液态的；n.液体escapev.逃脱aliveadj.活着的activeadj.★活动的activeadj.积极的passiveadj.消极的,被动的violentlyadv.★猛烈地,剧烈地violent[]adj.\uf035猛烈的,激烈的,暴力引起的,强暴的violence[]n.\uf035猛烈,强烈,暴力,暴虐,暴行,强暴managev.★设法managetodosth.=trytodosth.andsucceedIcanmanageit.=Icanmanageitmyself.=Icandoit.escape[\uf069\uf073\uf035\uf06b\uf065\uf069\uf070]v.★\uf035逃脱v.①逃脱escapesth.escapedeath死里逃生escapedoingsth.Heescapepunishment/beingpunished.n.②逃脱narrowescape九死一生aliveadj.★活着的alive做定语时一定要放在被修饰词后面,属于表语形容词，后置定语lightahead前面的灯光Everymanalivehashis/herowntroubles.livingsth.活着的……livingelephant活着的象live[\uf06c\uf061\uf049\uf076]adj.①现场的，活着的（永远不和人连用）liveconcert现场演唱会297.livefish活鱼（不能和人连）[\uf06c\uf049\uf076]v.②活着【Text】HarounTazieff,thePolishscientist,hasspenthislifetimestudyingactivevolcanoesanddeepcavesinallpartsoftheworld.In1948,hewenttoLakeKivuintheCongotoobserveanewvolcanowhichhelaternamedKituro.Tazieffwasabletosetuphiscampveryclosetothevolcanowhileitwaseruptingviolently.Thoughhemanagedtotakeanumberofbrilliantphotographs,hecouldnotstaynearthevolcanoforverylong.Henoticedthatariverofliquidrockwascomingtowardshim.Itthreatenedtosurroundhimcompletely,butTazieffmanagedtoescapejustintime.Hewaiteduntilthevolcanobecamequietandhewasabletoreturntwodayslater.Thistime,hemanagedtoclimbintothemouthofKiturosothathecouldtakephotographsandmeasuretemperatures.Tazieffhasoftenriskedhislifeinthisway.Hehasbeenabletotellusmoreaboutactivevolcanoesthananymanalive.参考译文波兰科学家哈罗恩·塔捷耶夫花了毕生的精力来研究世界各地的活火山和深洞.1948年他去了刚果的基伍湖,对一座后来被他命名为基图罗的新火山进行观察.当火山正在猛烈地喷发时,塔捷耶夫有办法把帐篷搭在离它非常近的地方.尽管他设法拍了一些十分精彩的照片,但他却不能在火山附近停留太长的时间.他发现有一股岩浆正向他流过来,眼看就要将他团团围住,但塔捷耶夫还是设法及时逃离了.他等到火山平静下来,两天以后又返回去.这次他设法爬进了基图罗火山口,以便能拍摄照片和测试温度.塔捷耶夫经常冒这样的生命危险.他能告诉我们的有关活火山的情况比任何在世的人都要多.【课文讲解】1、HarounTazieff,thePolishscientist,hasspenthislifetimestudyingactivevolcanoesanddeepcavesinallpartsoftheworld.spendsometime(in)doingsth.花多少时间干……lifetimen.毕生精力spendmostofhislifetime花了毕生大部分精力spendhislifetime花了毕生精力inallpartsoftheworld世界各地的2、Tazieffwasabletosetuphiscampveryclosetothevolcanowhileitwaseruptingviolently.closeto离……很近，与……靠近Heparkedthecarclosetotheriver.Don’tsitsoclosetothefire.forlong＝foralongtime3、Henoticedthatariverofliquidrockwascomingtowardshim.=Henoticeariverofliquidrockcomingtowardshim.noticethat+宾语从句noticesth.noticesb.do/doingsth.注意到某人做某事/正在做某事ariverof………形成的河流ariverofsoilandstone泥石流RiversofbloodflowedduringWorldwarII.（riversofblood血流成河）298.Whensheheardthenews,ariveroftearscamedownherface.4、Itthreatenedtosurroundhimcompletely,butTazieffmanagedtoescapejustintime.threatento威胁着要……，有迹象表明……Hethreatenedtoleavetheteam.他扬言要离开这个队。intime及时，来得及，just表示“正好，差一点”Icaughtthetrainjustintime.Shallwestillbeintimefor/toseetheperformance?5、Thistime,hemanagedtoclimbintothemouthofKiturosothathecouldtakephotographsandmeasuretemperatures.managetodosth.设法做到某事，努力完成某事（虽然很费劲，但仍然做到/完成某事）trytodosth.设法做某事，努力做某事（但并不一定成功）themouthofKituro火山口sothat以便于(目的状语从句),一定含有情态动词6、Tazieffhasoftenriskedhislifeinthisway.riskone’slife冒着生命危险takeariskof…=atariskof…冒着……的危险risksth.＝risklosingsth.冒着失去……的危险riskdoingsth.冒着做……的危险7、Hehasbeenabletotellusmoreaboutactivevolcanoesthananymanalive.在两相比较中,如果前者属于后者,那一定要在比较时用other,else排除前者thananyothermanalive【Keystructures】Can,BeabletoandManageto表示能力时用can/could，在将来时中表示“能力”时通常用willbeableto，在表示成功地完成过去某个动作时用wasableto而不用could。Hethoughthecouldpasstheexameasily,buthefailed.Ican’trememberwhereI’veseenhim.Janecan’tswimyet.She’llbeabletoswiminafewmonths’time.manageto在表示成功地完成过去某个动作时，经常代替beableto，它更强调“虽然困难很大，但仍然……”。在否定句中，manageto与beableto经常可以互换。Hewasabletofinishthejobyesterday.（表示可能）Hemanagedtofinishthejobyesterday.（暗示他克服了不少困难才完成）Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?I’mafraidIhaven’tmanagedto/beenabletoseeityet.【SpecialDifficulties】带say与tell的短语1、say在表示“说，讲”时，say后面不跟间接宾语（人）。如果一定要指明，则用“to+名词/代词”。表示“道别，诵读（祈祷），背诵”等含义时用say而不能用tell。say有“表达（思想、意见等）”、“据299.说”含义，tell则没有。Johnissaidtobeveryinterestedinart.Doyouhaveanythingtosayabouttheaccident?关于这次事故你有什么想说的/想法？Hekneltdownandsaidhisprayers.他跪了下来作祷告.Hesaidgoodbyeandleft.他告辞后离开了.sayagoodwordfor为……说好话/辩护；推荐Don’texpectthathe’llsayagoodwordforyou.2、tell在表示“说，讲”时，tell后面可以跟双宾语。tell经常用于表示“讲（实话，谎话，秘密等）”。tell可以表示“辨别，分辨”，say则不可以。在英国英语中，tellthetime（美语为telltime）表示根据钟表等“说出时间，识钟”Canyoutellmeanythingaboutit?你能告诉我有关的任何事情吗?Heisonlyfive,buthecanalreadytellthetime.tell(sb.)alie说谎（谎言有很多个，为可数名词）Heoftentellslies.他经常说谎.tell(sb.)thetruth讲真话(真话只有一个,故要特指,加the)Iwantyoutotellmethetruth.我要你讲真话.tell(sb.)thedifferencebetween区分,区别Can\'tyoutellthedifferencebetweenanAustinandaMorris?你能区分奥斯丁舞和莫利斯舞吗?say和tell后面跟so时含义不一样：Itoldyouso!我告诉过你是这样的！（用于情况被证实之后）Whosaysso?谁这么说的？Isayso.我这么说的。【Multiplechoicequestions】4Heescapedjustintime.He__d__escaped.(a)justonly(b)only(c)soon(d)onlyjustonlyjust＝almostnot差点就没有7Hehasbeenabletotellusalot__b__volcanoes.(a)considering(b)onthesubjectof(c)inrelation(d)referringonthesubjectof＝about(朝向)towards＝inthedirectionof（direction[\uf035（英），（美）\uf035]）12Hehastoldusmorethanany__d__person.(a)alive(b)lively(c)live(d)livinglivelyadj.活泼的,充满生机的alivelygirl300.Lesson68Persistent【Newwordsandexpressions】（3）persistentadj.坚持的，固执的avoidv.避开insistv.坚持做persistentadj.★坚持的,固执的stubborn[]adj.\uf035顽固的,固执的,坚定的,坚决的,难应付的,难处理的Youarestubborn.你这个死脑筋persistv.坚持(不顾阻拦一味的坚持):persistindoingsth.Hepersistinmakingnoise.avoidv.★避开avoiddoingsth.避免做……insistv.★坚持认为，坚持说（是人的一种态度）vt.&vi.①坚持，坚决认为insistondoingsth.坚持做……Mybrotherinsistongoingwithme.Heinsistsontheimportanceofthemeeting.persevere[]v.\uf037\uf035坚持，坚持不懈地努力(褒义词)persevereinsth./doingsth.WeshouldpersevereinstudyingEnglish.perseverancen.坚持不懈vt.&vi.②坚决主张/要求，一定要Iinsistonspeakingtothemanager.MywifeinsiststhatI(should)havemyhaircut.【Text】Icrossedthestreettoavoidmeetinghim,buthesawmeandcamerunningtowardsme.ItwasnousepretendingthatIhadnotseenhim,soIwavedtohim.IneverenjoymeetingNigelDykes.Heneverhasanythingtodo.Nomatterhowbusyyouare,healwaysinsistsoncomingwithyou.Ihadtothinkofawayofpreventinghimfromfollowingmearoundallmorning.\'Hello,Nigel,\'Isaid.\'Fancymeetingyouhere!\'\'Hi,Elizabeth,\'Nigelanswered.\'Iwasjustwonderinghowtospendthemorning--untilIsawyou.You\'renotbusydoinganything,areyou?\'\'No,notatall,\'Ianswered.\'I\'mgoingto...\'\'Wouldyoumindmycomingwithyou?\'heasked,beforeIhadfinishedspeaking.\'Notatall,\'Ilied,\'butI\'mgoingtothedentist.\'\'ThenI\'llcomewithyou,\'heanswered.\'There\'salwaysplentytoreadinthewaitingroom!’参考译文我穿过马路以便避开他,但他看到我并朝我跑过来.若再装作没看见他已是没有用了,我只好向他招手。301.我就怕遇到奈杰尔·戴克斯.他从来都是无事可做,不管你多忙,他总是坚持要跟你去。我得想办法不让他整个上午缠着我.“你好,奈杰尔,想不到在这儿见到你.“我说.“你好,伊丽莎白,“奈杰尔回答说,“我正不知道怎么消磨这一上午呢,正好见到你.你不忙,是吗?”“不,不忙,我打算去……”我回答.“我跟你一道去行吗?”没等我说完话他就问道.“没关系,但我准备去牙医那里.“我说了个谎.“那我也跟你去,候诊室里总有很多东西可供阅读!”他回答.【课文讲解】1、Icrossedthestreettoavoidmeetinghim,buthesawmeandcamerunningtowardsme.crossv.穿过Icrossthegarden.acrossadv.&prep.穿过Igoacrossthegarden.avoiddoingsth.避免……comerunningtowardssb.向某人跑过来2、ItwasnousepretendingthatIhadnotseenhim,soIwavedtohim.Itis(of)nousedoing…做……是没有用处的，做……是徒步的/无益的Itisnousepretending…假装……是没有用了Itisnousecryingoverthespilledmilk.覆水难收Itisnousepunishinghim.wavetosb.向某人招手3、IneverenjoymeetingNigelDykes.enjoydoingsth.喜欢做……appreciatesth./doingsth.喜欢做……4、Heneverhasanythingtodo.用不定式做定语,修饰anything，不定式放在不定代词后面anythingtodosth.任何要做的事anythingtoeatsth.可以吃的东西；anythingtodrink可以喝的东西5、Nomatterhowbusyyouare,healwaysinsistsoncomingwithyou.nomatter常与how，when，where，what，who等引导的从句连用，译为“无论……”Nomatterhowoldyouare,…Nomatterwhereyouare,…Nomatterwhoyouare,…Nomatterhowtiredyouare,yourchildreninsistedonlisteningtostories.insistondoingsth.坚持做……6、Ihadtothinkofawayofpreventinghimfromfollowingmearoundallmorning.thinkofawayofdoingsth.想一个做某事的方法thinkofawayofsolving302.preventsb.(from)doingsth.阻止某人做某事,让某人不做某事stopsb.fromdoingsth.让某人不做某事keepsb.fromdoingsth.让某人不做某事(保持不做某事)forbidsb.todosth.禁止某人做某事7、Fancymeetingyouhere!=Imaginemeetingyouhere!真想不到会在这见到你!（fancy＝imagine）“fance+名词”表示惊讶fance★vt.①设想，想像FancyIannotknowingtheanswertosuchaneasyquestion!vt.②想要，喜欢（往往用于指个人爱好）It’safinedayandIfancydrivingdowntothecoast.8、You\'renotbusydoinganything,areyou?bebusydoingsth.忙着做……反意疑问句的回答,根据事实回答9、Wouldyoumindmycomingwithyou?“Would/Doyoumind+动名词/if引导的从句”用来表示客气的请求或征求意见，表示同意/不介意时，用“No,notatall”或“Certainlynot”回答；不同意时往往用一些委婉的说法，如“I’msorry,but…”等回答，不用“yes,Iso”。WouldyoumindifIopenthewindows?Certainlynot./Sorry,butit’scoldhere.mind(sb’s)+doingsth.介意某人做某事-ing的逻辑主语有四种形式，分为两大类①作为代词,可以用人称代词的宾格,又可以用形容词性物主代词②作为名词,可以保持本身不变,也可以变成名词所有格作主语时必须是所有格(名词所有格,形容词性物主代词),但作宾语时可以用所有格,也可用普通格(人称代词宾格)Wouldyoumindmyparents\'havingdinnerwithme?Wouldyoumindmeopeningthedoor?Wouldyoumindmy/mesmoking?Wouldyoumindmemakingmyselfathome?你介意我把这儿当成家吗?【Composition】1Therewasadentistnearby.Sheknewhimwell.Elizabethdecidedtogothere.Shewouldexplainwhathadhappened.(As…whom…inorderto)3Elizabethleft.Thedentistwentintothewaitingroom.‘Doyouwanttohaveyourteethexamined?’heaskebNigel.(After…andaskedNigelif…)1as(因为)whom(引导定语从句)…inorderto(目的状语)TherewasadentistnearbywhomsheknewwellElizabethdecidedtogothereinordertoexplainwhathadhappened.303.3AfrerElizabethleft,thedentistwentintothewaitingroomandaskedNigelifhewantedtohavehisteethexamined.【Keystructure】动名词的用法有些动词后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式。这些动词包括avoid，admit，deny，fancy，finish，enjoy，mind（在乎，在意），suggest，stand（容忍）等。有些结构通常要接动名词，如busy，worth，itisno/littleuse，boredwith，interestedin，insiston，prevent…from等：Iwaslookingforwardtoreadingthosebooks.Well,youcan’treadthem,soit’snousethinkingaboutthem.动名词可以有自己的逻辑主语（即动作执行者，而不是句子的主语）：Pleaseexcusehisnotwritingtoyou.Doyoumindmysmoking?come和go之后可以跟与户外活动相关的动名词（climbing，driving，fishing，riding，shopping，walking等），表示建议、邀请或叙事。There’snopointinmycomingclimbingwithyou.我和你们去爬山毫无意义。（there’snopointin=itisnouse）感知动词（hear，see，fell，watch等）后面既可以跟宾语加分词结构，也可以跟宾语加不带to的不定式。现在分词往往强调动作正在发生，用于叙述中时使人身临其境；不定式则可以表示动作发生了或过程结束了。有时它们之间的区别不大，可以互相替换使用。【语法精粹】动名词复合结构：由名词所有格或物主代词与动名词构成动名词复合结构多作主语或宾语,作主语时必须是所有格(名词所有格,形容词性物主代词),但作宾语时可以用所有格,也可用普通格(人称代词宾格)Hisleavingisagreatloss.他的离去是一个很大的损失Motherdislikesmy(me)workinglate.妈妈不喜欢我工作很迟Motherdislikesmysleepinglate.John\'shavingseenherdidnotmakeherworried.约翰已经见到她的事实,没有让她感到担心后面可以接动词-ing的词：介词；某些动词，如avoid,enjoy,finish,Itisnouse,preventsbfrom,fancy,imagine,escape,risk,allow，deny,appreciate,complete,delay,mind,practice,resent,risk,suggest,permit…insistondoing,persistindoing,persevereindoing,giveupdoing某些词加逻辑主语是，要用不定式作宾语，如：allow+doingsth.(动名词作宾语)；allowsb.todosth.(不定式作宾语)advisesb.todosth.；advisedoingsth.这类动词常见如：advise，allow，permit，recommend,etc.【Multiplechoicequestions】6Heinsisted__b__withher.(a)togo(b)thatheshouldgo(c)togoing(d)ingoinginsistondoingsth.坚持做……insist+从句(should+原形)（用虚拟语气）9Shedidn\'tpretendshehadn\'tseenhim.Shedidn\'t__c__shehadn\'t.(a)makeasif(b)doasif(c)actasif(d)conductasif304.asif…似乎,好像……doasif(不这么用)actasif…做得好象……conduct+oneself表现10Shewavedtohim.She__c__him.(a)shook(b)saluted(c)greeted(d)calledsalutev.问候(军人向长官的)行军礼,敬礼greetv.问候12Sheliedtohim.Whatshesaidwas__a__.(a)false(b)true(c)lie(d)wronglietosb.向某人撒谎false[\uf066\uf043\uf03a\uf06c\uf073]adj.错误的,虚伪的,假的,无信义的,伪造的,人工的,不老实的lien.谎言（可数名词，tellalie）Whatshesaidwasalie.Lesson69Butnotmurder!【Newwordsandexpressions】（11）murdern.谋杀instructv.命令，指示acquirev.取得，获得confidencen.信心examinern.主考人supposev.假设tapv.轻敲reactv.反应braken.刹车pedaln.踏板mournfuladj.悲哀的acquirev.★取得，获得，学到（知识、技术、语言等），养成（习惯等）MaryacquiredagoodknowledgeofChineseinfiveyears’time.acquireahabitofdoingsth.养成……的习惯Tomacquiredahabitofsmoking.acquireconfidence获得信心【Text】Iwasbeingtestedforadrivinglicenceforthethirdtime.Ihadbeenaskedtodriveinheavytrafficandhaddonesosuccessfully.Afterhavingbeeninstructedtodriveoutoftown,Ibegantoacquireconfidence.SurethatIhadpassed,Iwasalmostbeginningtoenjoymytest.Theexaminermusthavebeenpleasedwithmyperformance,forhesmiledandsaid,\'Justonemorething,Mr.Eames.Letussupposethatachildsuddenlycrossestheroadin305.frontofyou.AssoonasItaponthewindow,youmuststopwithinfivefeet.\'Icontinueddrivingandaftersometime,theexaminertappedloudly,Thoughthesoundcouldbeheardclearly,ittookmealongtimetoreact.Isuddenlypressedthebrakepedalandwewereboththrownforward.Theexaminerlookedatmesadly.\'Mr.Eames,\'hesaid,inamournfulvoice,\'youhavejustkilledthatchild!\'参考译文我第3次接受驾驶执照考试。按照要求在车辆拥挤的路上驾驶，我圆满地完成了。在接到把车开出城的指令后，我开始有了信心。确信我已通过考试，所以我几乎开始喜欢起这次考试。主考人对我的驾驶想必是满意的，因为他微笑着说：“埃姆斯先生，只剩1项了。让我们假设一个小孩子突然在你前面穿过马路。我一敲车窗，你必须把车停在5英尺之内。”我继续往前开着。过了一会儿，主考人砰砰地敲了起来。虽然声音听得很清楚，但我过了好一会儿才作出反应。我突然用力踩紧刹车踏板，结果我俩的身体都向前冲去。主考人伤心地看着我。“埃姆斯先生，”他以悲伤的声调说，“你刚刚把那个小孩压死了！”【课文讲解】1、Iwasbeingtestedforadrivinglicenceforthethirdtime.adrivinglicence驾驶执照2、Ihadbeenaskedtodriveinheavytrafficandhaddonesosuccessfully.heavyadj.大量的，多的，密集的Trafficisheavieronthisroadthanontheotherone.3、Theexaminermusthavebeenpleasedwithmyperformance,forhesmiledandsaid,\'Justonemorething,Mr.Eames.Letussupposethatachildsuddenlycrossestheroadinfrontofyou.AssoonasItaponthewindow,youmuststopwithinfivefeet.\'musthavebeen表示对过去的事情的猜测performancen.表现，表演，工作情况bepleasedwith对……满意Theyarepleasedwithhiswork.Themanagerisn’tverypleasedwithhissecretary.letussupposethat…让我们假设……Letussupposethatthereisaforestfire.4、Theexaminerlookedatmesadly.\'Mr.Eames,\'hesaid,inamournfulvoice,\'youhavejustkilledthatchild!\'ina…voice以……的声调inamournfulvoice用悲伤的声调Hetoldthemthenewsinasad/excitedvoice.【Keystructures】被动语态被动语态可以用于“介词+动名词”结构中，在英语中是很正式的用法，一般不用于口语。“介词（after，before，on）+动名词”这个结构通常相当于一个时间状语从句。如果两个动作中有一个在另一个开始之前已经完成，则可以用“after+动名词的完成式”表示第一个动作；如果只表示先后顺序，则可用“after/before+动名词”结构；“on+动名词”通常表示两个动作几乎同时发生：306.Themancalledthepoliceafterbeingrobbed.Hekilledachildbeforebeingarrested.On/Afterbeingtoldthathermotherwasseriouslyill,shehurriedbacktoEngland.被动语态用于want后面的不定式中时，tobe可以省略，want后跟被动语态时往往表示希望别人完成所说的动作：Iwanttheluggagefetchedfromthehotelthisafternoon.被动语态还可用于过去进行时，以强调动作的持续性：Iwasbeingaskedaboutthefilmalldayyesterday.【SpecialDifficulties】PracticeandAdvicepracticen.（反复的）练习，实践，实行YourspokenEnglishwillimprovewithpractice.Havetheyputtheirplanintopractice?他们把计划付诸实施了吗？practisevt.&vi.练习，经常做Jimmyusedtopractice(playing)footballeveryafternoon.Shepractisesonthepianoforthreehourseveryday.advicen.忠告，劝告，建议（不可数名词）Shegavemesomegoodadvice/apieceofadviceaboutjobs.advisevt.&vi.劝告，向……提供提议Sheadvisedmeagainstgoingtotheparty.她建议/劝我不要去参加聚会。Enjoy,EntertainandAmuseenjoyvt.欣赏，喜爱，享受……之乐（后跟名词、动名词或反身代词，用于主动语态）Ienjoyswimminginsummer.We’rereallyenjoyingourselves.entertainvt.款待，招待，请客；使……快乐，给……娱乐（=amuse）Weoftenentertainfriendsatweekends.UncleSamentertains/amusesthechildrenforhoursatatime.萨姆叔叔一连好几小时地逗孩子们乐。Mychildrencanentertain/amusethemselvesforhourswithtellingstoriestoeachother.amusevt.逗乐，逗笑（常用于被动语态）Shewasamusedbyherfather’sfunnystories.Hisstoryamusedthechildrenverymuch.Lesson70Redfordanger【Newwordsandexpressions】（16）bullfightn.斗牛drunkn.醉汉wanderv.溜达，乱走ringn.圆形竞技场地unawareadj.不知道的，未觉察的bulln.公牛matadorn.斗牛士307.remarkn.评论；言语apparentlyadv.明显地sensitiveadj.敏感的criticismn.批评chargev.冲上去clumsilyadv.笨拙地bowv.鞠躬safetyn.安全地带sympatheticallyadv.同情地sensitiveadj.★敏感的，神经过敏的，易生气的，介意的（常与to+名词连用）Maryissensitivetosmells.You’retoosensitive.你太敏感了（太容易生气）。Maryhasasensitiveear.chargev.★冲上去vt.&vi.①要价，收费Theychargedustoomuchforrepairs.Howmuchdoyouchargeforthisdress?vt.②指控，指责Thepolicechargedhimwithmurder.HechargedGarywithspeeding.vt.&vt.③猛攻，冲向，冲锋，向前冲Thebullchargedatthedrunk.bowv.★鞠躬vt.&vt.①鞠躬，欠身，低下（头等）Thecrowdbrokeintocheersandthedrunkbowed.Asshecouldn’tanswerthequestion,shebowedherhead.vi.②让步，屈服，服从Whydidyoubowtotheirdecision?Hefinallybowedbeforemoneyandmarriedtheothergirl.vt.③压弯，压倒Mymotherisbowedwithage.我母亲因年老而腰弯背驼。Thelittletreeisbowedwithsnow.【Text】Duringabullfight,adrunksuddenlywanderedintothemiddleofthering.Thecrowdbegantoshout,butthedrunkwasunawareofthedanger.Thebullwasbusywiththematadoratthetime,butitsuddenlycaughtsightofthedrunkwhowasshoutingruderemarksandwavingaredcap.Apparentlysensitivetocriticism,thebullforgotallaboutthematadorandchargedatthedrunk.Thecrowdsuddenlygrewquiet.Thedrunk,however,seemedquitesureofhimself.Whenthebullgotclosetohim,heclumsilysteppedasidetoletitpass.Thecrowdbrokeintocheersandthedrunkbowed.Bythistime,however,threemenhadcomeintotheringandtheyquicklydraggedthedrunktosafety.Eventhebullseemedtofeelsorryforhim,foritlookedonsympatheticallyuntilthedrunkwasoutofthewaybeforeoncemoreturningitsattentiontothematador.308.参考译文在一次斗牛时，一个醉汉突然溜达到斗牛场中间，人们开始大叫起来，但醉汉却没有意识到危险。当时那公牛正忙于对付斗牛士，但突然它看见了醉汉，只见他正大声说着粗鲁的话，手里挥动着一顶红帽子。对挑衅显然非常敏感的公牛完全撇开斗牛士，直奔醉汉而来。观众突然静了下来，可这醉汉像是很有把握似的。当公牛逼近他时，他踉跄地住旁边一闪，牛扑空了。观众欢呼起来，醉汉向人们鞠躬致谢然而，此时已有3个人进入斗牛场，迅速把醉汉拉到安全的地方。好像连牛也在为他感到遗憾，因为它一直同情地看着醉汉，直到他的背影消逝，才重新将注意力转向斗牛士。【课文讲解】1、Thecrowdbegantoshout,butthedrunkwasunawareofthedanger.beunawareof…不知道，没有觉察……Whileshereadthebook,shewasunawareofthenoisearoundher.Iwasunawarethatyouwerecoming.我不知道你要来。2、Thebullwasbusywiththematadoratthetime,butitsuddenlycaughtsightofthedrunkwhowasshoutingruderemarksandwavingaredcap.catchsightof…突然看到……AsIcameoutoftheshop,IcaughtsightofDaninthecrowd.3、Thedrunk,however,seemedquitesureofhimself.be/feelsureofoneself有自信心She’salwayssosureofherself.4、Apparentlysensitivetocriticism,thebullforgotallaboutthematadorandchargedatthedrunk.sensitivetocriticism对挑衅/批评敏感chargeat…向……攻击5、Thecrowdbrokeintocheersandthedrunkbowed.breakintocheers突然喝起彩来breakinto…突然发出，突然……起来Onhearingthenews,shebrokeintotears.WhenSallysawthewomanwearingahatthatlookedlikealighthouse,shebrokeintolaughter.6、Eventhebullseemedtofeelsorryforhim,foritlookedonsympatheticallyuntilthedrunkwasoutofthewaybeforeoncemoreturningitsattentiontothematador.lookon旁观，观看Manypeoplejustlookedonwhilethetwomenrobbedawoman.outoftheway不碍事，不挡路Whilemakingmeatpies,Ialwaysorderthechildrentokeepoutoftheway.在做肉馅饼时，总是命令孩子们不要碍事。【LetterWriting】常用开头语：Ihavenotforgottenthat…Youwillfindithardtobelieve,but…309.IamafraidI…【Keystructures】与for，with，of，to，at，from，in，on和about连用的形容词与for连用的形容词：eagerfor（渴望），enoughfor（足够），famousfor（以……而闻名），fitfor（合适），gratefulfor/to（因……而感激），qualifiedfor/in（能胜任），readyfor/to（准备好），responsiblefor（对……负责），sorryfor（对……感到遗憾），sufficientfor（充足的），thankfulfor/to（感谢），validfor（有效期为……）Wehaveenoughapplesforthechildren.Theywereeagerfortheperformancetobegin.Myauntisfamousforherbeauty.与with连用的形容词：angrywithsb./atsth.（因某人或某事生气），busywith/at（忙于……），consistentwith（与……一致），contentwith（对……满足），familiarwith/to（与……熟悉），patientwith（有耐心），popularwith（为……所喜爱）WhywasMaryangrywithyou?Shewasn’tcontentwithherlife.UncleSamisalwayspopularwithchildren.与of连用的形容词：afraidof（害怕），aheadof（在……前面），awareof（知道），capableof（能够），carefulof/with（小心），certainof（确信），consciousof（意识到），enviousof（妒忌），fondof（爱好），guiltyof（有……罪的），ignorantof（不了解），independentof（独立于），jealousof（妒忌），kindof/to（对……和蔼），north/south/east/westof（在……的北/南/东/西面），shortof（缺乏），shyof（顾虑），sureof（肯定），worthyof（值得）Sheiscarefulhiscoming.她注意衣着。Iwasshortofmoneyatthattime.与to连用的形容词：closeto（接近于），contraryto（与……相反），cruelto（对……残忍），dearto（对……很重要），equalto（与……相等），faithfulto（忠于……），fatalto（对……是致命的），harmfulto（对……有害的），identicalto（与……相同的），indifferentto（对……不关心），inferiorto（劣于……），liableto（对……有义务的），newto（对……没有经验），obedientto（对……服从），obviousto（对……清楚的），politeto（对……有礼貌），previousto（先于），rudeto（对……粗暴无礼），sensitiveto（对……敏感），similarto（与……相似），usefulto（对……有用）Mostpeoplearesensitivetocriticism.Thoughthebicycleisold,itisverydeartome.虽然这辆自行车破旧，但我很珍视它。Allthesewordsarenewtome.所有这些单词我都是第一次遇到。It’sobvioustoeveryonethathe’slying.大家都清楚他在撒谎。Mycarissimilartoyours.我的车与你的车相似。与at连用的形容词：badat（不善于……），cleverat（擅长），efficientat（能胜任的），expertat/in（能熟练做……），goodat（善于），indignantat（对……感到愤慨），quickat（很快），sadat/about（因……而悲伤），slowat（对……迟钝），skillfulat/in（熟练）Iamgood/badatswimming.Tomisquick/slowatlearningnewthings.与from连用的形容词：awayfrom（距……远的），differentfrom（与……不同的），farfrom（远离），safefrom（无危险的）Themanwasfarfromcomfortablewhilebeingconfinedtothewoodenbox.那人被闷在木箱里时一点儿也不舒服。与in连用的形容词：deficientin（缺少），fortunatefrom（在……很幸运），honestfrom（对……很诚实），weakfrom（在……薄弱的）310.You’refortunateinhavingahouseofyourown.Frankishonestinbusiness.I’mweakin/atchemics.与on连用的形容词：dependenton（依赖于……），intenton（专心于……），keenon（热心于……）Shewaskeenontennis.Youshouldn’tbesointentonmakingmoney.Areyoustilldependentonyourfather?与about连用的形容词：curiousabout（对……好奇的），doubtfulabout/of（对……有疑问），enthusiasticabout（对……热心），reluctantabout/to（勉强），rightabout/in（在……是正确的），uneasyabout（对……感到不安）Sheisuneasyaboutherfuture.她为自己的前途担心。I’mdoubtfulabout/ofhiswords.Lesson71Afamousclock【Newwordsandexpressions】（9）parliamentn.议会，国会erectv.建起accurateadj.准确的officialn.官员，行政人员Greenwichn.格林尼治observatoryn.天文台checkv.检查microphonen.扩音器，麦克风towern.塔【Text】WhenyouvisitLondon,oneofthefirstthingsyouwillseeisBigBen,thefamousclockwhichcanbeheardallovertheworldontheB.B.C.IftheHousesofParliamenthadnotbeenburneddownin1834,thegreatclockwouldneverhavebeenerected.BigBentakesitsnamefromSirBenjaminHallwhowasresponsibleforthemakingoftheclockwhenthenewHousesofParliamentwerebeingbuilt.Itisnotonlyofimmensesize,butisextremelyaccurateaswell.OfficialsfromGreenwichObservatoryhavetheclockcheckedtwiceaday.OntheB.B.C.youcanheartheclockwhenitisactuallystrikingbecausemicrophonesareconnectedtotheclocktower.BigBenhasrarelygonewrong.Once,however,itfailedtogivethecorrecttime.Apainterwhohadbeenworkingonthetowerhungapotofpaintononeofthehandsandsloweditdown!参考译文当你游览伦敦时，首先看到的东西之一就是“大本”钟，即那座从英国广播公司的广播中全世界都可以听到它的声音的著名大钟。如果不是国会大厦在1834年被焚毁的话，这座大钟永远也不会建造。“大本”钟得名于本杰明.霍尔爵士，因为当建造新的国会大厦时，他负责建造大钟。此钟不仅外型巨大，而且走时也非常准确。格林尼治天文台的官员们每天两次派人矫正此钟。当大钟打点的时候，你可以从英国广播公司的广播中听到，因为钟塔上接了麦克风。“大本”钟很多出差错。然而有一次，它却把时间报错。在钟塔上干活的一位油漆工把一只油漆桶挂在了一根指针上，把钟弄慢了！311.【课文讲解】1、WhenyouvisitLondon,oneofthefirstthingsyouwillseeisBigBen,thefamousclockwhichcanbeheardallovertheworldontheB.B.C.theB.B.C.=BritishBroadcastingCorporation英国广播公司2、IftheHousesofParliamenthadnotbeenburneddownin1834,thegreatclockwouldneverhavebeenerected.theHousesofParliament国会大厦（英国议会是由上议院（HouseofLords）和下议院（HouseofCommons）组成）burndown（使）烧成平地，烧毁Thehospitalwasburneddownlastmonth.3、BigBentakesitsnamefromSirBenjaminHallwhowasresponsibleforthemakingoftheclockwhenthenewHousesofParliamentwerebeingbuilt.takeone’snamefrom以……命名Sir用于英国人的全名（或名字）之前时表示“爵士”（不单独用于姓之前），如SirJohnGilbert（约翰.吉尔伯特爵士）或SirJohn（约翰爵士），但不能称为SirGilbert。beresponsiblefor对……需负责任/承担责任的Whoisresponsiblefortheaccident?Johnisresponsibleforthebuildingofthebridge.-ing形式前面无冠词时可直接跟宾语：makingtheclock；-ing前有冠词时则其后不能直接跟宾语，而必须用of：themakingoftheclock。4、Itisnotonlyofimmensesize,butisextremelyaccurateaswell.beof…表示人或物的特征Weareofthesameage/size.Thisletterisofgreatimportance.5、BigBenhasrarelygonewrong.gowrong（机器等）发生故障，出毛病Mywatch/theengineofthecarhasgonewrong.Somethinghasgonewrongwithmycar.6、Apainterwhohadbeenworkingonthetowerhungapotofpaintononeofthehandsandsloweditdown!slowdown（使……）慢下来/减速（可分开使用）Heslowedhiscardownwhiledrivinginheavytraffic.【LetterWriting】常见开头语：Iwonderhowyoulearntthat…Youwillneverguesswho/what…312.【SpecialDifficulties】Official,EmployeeandShopassistantofficialn.官员，公务员，高级官员Bankofficialsgethighsalaries.Beforeheretired,Jeremyhadbeenagovernment/cityofficial.employeen.雇员，雇工（包括各个层次的）Laterhebecameagovernmentemployee.shopassistant零售店的店员（美语中用salesclerk）Theshopassistantwhoservedherdidnotlikethewayshewasdressed.Hang/HungandHang/Hangedhang（hung，hung）vt.悬挂I’mhangingthispictureonthewall.hang（hanged，hanged）vt.绞死，吊死，上吊Ashehasmurderedthreemen,heoughttobehanged.Iwonderwhyshehangedherself.Lesson72Acarcalledbluebird【Newwordsandexpressions】（7）racingn.竞赛perprep.每Utahn.犹他（美国州名）horsepowern.马力burstv.爆裂averageadj.平均的footstepn.足迹burstv.★爆裂vi.①爆炸，爆裂Atyreburstduringthesecondrun.Theballoonburst.vt.&vi.②突然打开Weburstthedooropen.WhileIwasreading,thedoorburstopenandJohncamein.【Text】Thegreatracingdriver,SirMalcolmCampbell,wasthefirstmantodriveatover300milesperhour.HesetupanewworldrecordinSeptember1935atBonnevilleSaltFlats,Utah.Bluebird,thecarhewasdriving,hadbeenspeciallybuiltforhim.Itwasover30feetinlengthandhada2,500-horsepowerengine.AlthoughCampbellreachedaspeedofover304milesperhour,hehadgreatdifficultyincontrollingthecarbecauseatyreburstduringthefirstrun.Afterhisattempt,Campbellwasdisappointedtolearnthathisaveragespeedhadbeen299milesperhour.However,afewdayslater,hewastoldthatamistakehadbeenmade.Hisaveragespeedhadbeen313.301milesperhour.Sincethattime,racingdrivershavereachedspeedsover600milesanhour.Followinginhisfather\'sfootstepsmanyyearslater,SirMalcolm\'sson,Donald,alsosetupaworldrecord.Likehisfather,hewasdrivingacarcalledBluebird.参考译文杰出的赛车选手马尔科姆.坎贝尔爵士是第一个以每小时超过300英里的速度驾车的人。他于1935年9月在犹他州的邦纳维尔盐滩创造了一项新的世界纪录。他驾驶的“蓝鸟”牌汽车是专门为他制造的。它的车身长30英尺，有一个2,500马力的发动机。尽管坎贝尔达到了每小时超过304英里的速度，但他很难把汽车控制住，因为在开始的行程中爆了一只轮胎。比赛结束后，坎贝尔非常失望地得知他的平均时速是299英里。然而，几天之后，有人告诉他说弄错了。他的平均时速实际是301英里。从那时以来，赛车选手已达到每小时600英里的速度。很多年之后，马尔科姆爵士的儿子唐纳德踏着父亲的足迹，也创造了一项世界纪录。同他父亲一样，他也驾驶着一辆名叫“蓝鸟”的汽车。【课文讲解】1、Thegreatracingdriver,SirMalcolmCampbell,wasthefirstmantodriveatover300milesperhour.在thesecond，thenext/thelast以及表示最高级的如thebest，themostintelligent等后可以用to引导的不定式短语做定语，这些词语后面可以接名词或one(s)，也可以不接：She’salwaysthefirsttoarriveandthelasttoleave.You’rethebestpersontoadvisemeaboutbuyingahouse.你是我买房子的最好顾问。theonly后必须接一个名词或one(s)：You’retheonlyperson/onetocomplain.per表示“每一，每”，通常用于商业及技术用语，日常用语大多用a/an：Youcanstayatthehotelat$10perpersonpernight.Youmusthavebeendrivingatseventymilesan/perhour.2、Itwasover30feetinlengthandhada2,500-horsepowerengine.30feetinlength30英尺长3、AlthoughCampbellreachedaspeedofover304milesperhour,hehadgreatdifficultyincontrollingthecarbecauseatyreburstduringthefirstrun.havedifficulty(in)doingsth.做……有困难HehasgrownabeardandIhaddifficulty(in)recognizinghim.thefirstrun开始的行程thenextrunisfortymiles.下一段赛程为40英里。4、Followinginhisfather\'sfootstepsmanyyearslater,SirMalcolm\'sson,Donald,alsosetupaworldrecord.followinone’sfootsteps步某人的后尘，仿效某人，继承某人的事业Heintendstofollowinhisfather’sfootstepsandtobecomeadentist.314.Lesson73Therecord-holder【Newwordsandexpressions】（9）record-holder纪录保持者truantn.逃学的孩子unimaginativeadj.缺乏想像力的shamen.惭愧，羞耻hitchhikev.搭便车旅行meantimen.其间lorryn.卡车bordern.边界evadev.逃避，逃离record-holder★纪录保持者n.+v.+er构词法tennisplayertruantn.★逃学的孩子，逃学者Thethreeboyswhoarefishingovertherearetruantsandoughttobesentbacktoschool.playtruant逃学（英）theboywhoplayedtruant逃学的孩子playhooky逃学（美）beabsentfromclassunpurpose逃学（unpurposeadv.故意的）Hediditunpurpose.evadeschool逃学unimaginativeadj.★缺乏想象力的imaginev.想象，设想imaginativeadj.有想象力的Sheisanimaginativepainter.Paintersshouldbeimaginative.imaginationn.想象力-tive一般是形容词的后缀；-tion一般是名词的后缀shamen.★惭愧，羞耻Whatashame!真可耻！Shameonyou!替你感到可耻！shamefuladj.令人羞愧ashamedadj.感到羞愧putsb.toshame让某人感到羞愧对别人赞美的回答：Thankyou.Youareflatteringme.（你过奖了。）Youputmetoshame.（你比我好的意思）putsb.totrouble给某人带来麻烦315.hitchhikev.★搭便车旅行hitchhike=takealift搭便车hitchhikern.搭便车的人meantimen.★其间inthemeantime=meanwhile与此同时evadev.★逃避，逃离vt.①（巧妙地）逃脱，躲开Sheevadedablowfromthemanandthencalledoutforhelp.vt.②回避，逃避（尤指不当地）evadedoingsth.逃避做……Healwaystriestoevadepayingtaxes.Manychildrendreamofevadingschool.avoidv.逃避，逃离，避免avoid指通过一种合理的，正当的手段来避免做某事；evade指通过欺骗的手段来避免做某事。taxavoidance避税taxevasion逃税【Text】Childrenwhoplaytruantfromschoolareunimaginative.Aquietday\'sfishing,oreighthoursinacinemaseeingthesamefilmoverandoveragain,isusuallyasfarastheyget.Theyhaveallbeenputtoshamebyaboywho,whileplayingtruant,travelled1,600miles.HehitchhikedtoDoverand,towardsevening,wentintoaboattofindsomewheretosleep.Whenhewokeupnextmorning,hediscoveredthattheboathad,inthemeantime,travelledtoCalais.Noonenoticedtheboyashecreptoff.Fromthere,hehitchhikedtoParisinalorry.Thedrivergavehimafewbiscuitsandacupofcoffeeandlefthimjustoutsidethecity.ThenextcartheboystoppeddidnottakehimintothecentreofParisashehopeditwould,buttoPerpignanontheFrench-Spanishborder.TherehewaspickedupbyapolicemanandsentbacktoEnglandbythelocalauthorities.Hehassurelysetuparecordforthethousandsofchildrenwhodreamofevadingschool.参考译文逃学的孩子们都缺乏想像力。他们通常能够做到的，至多也就是安静地钓上一天鱼，或在电影院里坐上8个小时，一遍遍地看同一部电影。而有那么一个小男孩，他在逃学期间旅行了1,600英里，从而使上述所有逃学的孩子们都相形见绌了。他搭便车到了多佛，天快黑时钻进了一条船，想找个地方睡觉。第二天早上他醒来时，发现船在这段时间已经到了加。当男孩从船里爬出来时，谁也没有发现他。从那里他又搭上卡车到了巴黎。司机给了他几块饼干和一杯咖啡，就把他丢在了城外。男孩截住的下一辆车，没有像他希望的那样把他带到巴黎市中心，而是把他带到了法国和西班牙边界上的佩皮尼昂。他在那儿被一个警察抓住了，之后被当局送回了英国。他无疑为成千上万梦想逃避上学的孩子们创造了一项纪录。【课文讲解】1、Childrenwhoplaytruantfromschoolareunimaginative.playtruantfromschool=playtruant逃学Asaboy,Tomusedtoplaytruant(fromschool).316.2、Aquietday\'sfishing,oreighthoursinacinemaseeingthesamefilmoverandoveragain,isusuallyasfarastheyget.动词ing前面如果出现定语，若是名词，则采用名词所有格或名词短语本身。eighthours\'seeingthefilm非谓语动词做主语，一律作单数看。Threehoursintheroom，Itistiring.Threehours(\')listeningtotheteacheristiring.Threehoursintheroomlisteningtotheteacheristiring.EventssuchastheMarch5thshootingatahighschoolinSanDiegobringtheproblemintofocus.比如三月五日圣地亚哥一所高中学校发生的枪击事件问题成为焦点。overandoveragain=againandagain一次又一次，一再地，反复许多次地Asmygrandmothercan’thearverywell,Ihadtosayitoverandoveragain.asfaras+从句最大程度……，到……程度，就……而言AsfarasIknow,hisoperationssuccessful.3、Theyhaveallbeenputtoshamebyaboywho,whileplayingtruant,travelled1,600miles.while引导时间状语从句，一般放在前面或后面，放在中间就加上逗号。whiledoing省略句，省略了主语和be动词，这个主语一定就是主句的主语。put…toshame使……蒙羞，使……相形见绌Whathehasdoneputhisparentstoshame.Hesavedthechildattheriskofhisownlifeandputallthosewholookedontoshame.他冒着生命危险救了那个孩子，使所有旁观者都相形见绌。4、HehitchhikedtoDoverand,towardsevening,wentintoaboattofindsomewheretosleep.hitchhiketo…搭便车去……Dovern.多佛（英国著名的港口）towardsevening快到晚上somewheretosleep可以睡觉的地方anythingtodo/drink可以做的事/可以喝的东西（这里todo做定语）5、Whenhewokeupnextmorning,hediscoveredthattheboathad,inthemeantime,travelledtoCalais.wakeup自己醒来Calaisn.加来（法国城市）inthemeantime在此期间Ifeeltiredandwouldliketotakeanap.Inthemeantime,youmaydosomereading.6、Noonenoticedtheboyashecreptoff.creepoff=creepawaycreep★vi.①爬行，匍匐，（像爬行似地）慢慢前进Theoldcarcreptalongthecountryroad.Asnakecreptintothegardenwhileshewaswritingaletter.vi.②悄悄地/蹑手蹑脚地走；渐渐产生/出现WecreptupstairssoasnottowakeGrandpa.Henoticedthatagehadcreptonhim.317.7、ThenextcartheboystoppeddidnottakehimintothecentreofParisashehopeditwould,buttoPerpignanontheFrench-Spanishborder.take…into带到……not…but…不是……而是……assb.hoped正如某人所希望的Ibecameagoodteacherasmymotherhopes.thansb.expected比某人所期待的还……Don\'taskwhatthecountrydoforyou,butaskwhatyoudoforthecountry.theFrench-Spanishborder法国与西班牙的边界（边界地带属于哪个地方由第一个国籍确定）8、TherehewaspickedupbyapolicemanandsentbacktoEnglandbythelocalauthorities.pickup逮捕，拘捕Aftertheaccident,hewaspickedupbythepolice.【LetterWriting】每封信包含有三个主要部分：引言、目的和结束语。其中最重要的部分是目的。在这部分中必须说明为什么要写此信。【Summarywriting】5Fareshaveincreased.Therailwaycompanyisstilllosingmoney.Theemployeeshavedemandedhigherwages.(Inspiteofthefactthat.because)7Imadesure.Thealarmclockworked.Isetit.Itwouldringatsixo\'clock.(Aftermaking…that…sothat)5.Inspiteofthefactthatfareshaveincreased,therailwaycompanyisstilllosingmoneybecausetheemployeeshavedemandedhigherwages.faren.费用inspiteof尽管losemoney亏损7.Aftermakingsurethatthealarmclockworked,Isetitsothatitwouldalarmclock闹钟settheclock定闹钟besureof+n.；besuretodosth.；besurethat【Keystructures】简单句、并列句和复合句简单句是英语中最小的句子单位，一般有一个限定动词，它有一个主语和一个谓语，但可以用连词and将两个或两个以上的动词合并为一个简单句。根据动词后所使用的不同成分，简单句可有5种基本句型：①主语+动词②主语+动词+主语补足语：③主语+动词+直接宾语：④主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语⑤主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语将几个简单句连接起来构成并列句。在并列句中不存在单独的主句和从属于它的从句；各小句根据上下文的要求按逻辑次序排列，但各小句都同等重要并独立存在。我们常常把并列句中的各小句看成是并列主句。可采用下列任何一种方式构成并列句：318.①用分号Wefishedallday;wedidn’tcatchathing.②用分号，后面跟一个连接副词(短语)，如however、aboveall、inaddition、asfaras等Wefishedallday;however,wedidn’tcatchathing.③用并列连词，如and、but、so、yet等，前面常加逗号：Wefishedallday,but(we)didn’tcatchathing.复合句的构成方法可以是把简单句连接在一起，但复合句的各个组成部分并非同等重要(此点与并列句不同)，其中总有一个独立小句(或称“主句”)和一个或一个以上的从属小句(或称“从句”)；主句往往可以独立存在。复合句的构成方法：①用连词将从句与主句连接起来：Ifyou’renotgoodatfigures,itispointlesstoapplyforjobinabank.如果你不擅于计算，向银行求职就毫无意义。②用动词不定式或分词结构。它们是非限定性动词，是短语而不是从句，但它们构成复合句(而非简单句)的一部分。之所以如此是因为它们可以用从句的形式表现出来。Togetintoauniversityyouhavetopassanumberofexaminations.从句可分为：名词性从句；关系/形容词从句；副词从句。Holidayresortswhichareverycrowdedarenotverypleasant.那些拥挤的度假场所令人感到不很愉快。HowerverhardItry,Ican’trememberpeople’snames.【Multiplechoicequestions】10Theyhavebeenputtoshamebyaboy.Theyshouldfeel___a___.(a)ashamed(b)shy(c)shyness(d)shamefulfeel（半联系动词）+形容词shynessn.害羞shyadj.害羞（指人的一种性格）shamev.羞愧（跟人遇到某件事情当时的感觉有关系）shamefuladj.令人羞愧；ashamedadj.感到羞愧Lesson74outofthelimelight【Newwordsandexpressions】（7）limelightn.舞台灯光precautionn.预防措施fann.狂热者，迷shadyadj.遮荫的sheriffn.司法长官noticen.告示sneern.冷笑【Text】Anancientbusstoppedbyadryriverbedandapartyoffamousactorsandactressesgotoff.Dressedindarkglassesandoldclothes,theyhadtakenspecialprecautionssothatnooneshouldrecognizethem.Butastheysoondiscovered,disguisescansometimesbetooperfect.319.\'Thisisawonderfulplaceforapicnic,\'saidGloriaGleam.\'Itcouldn\'tbebetter,Gloria,\'BrinksleyMeersagreed.\'Nonewspapermen,nofilmfans!Whydon\'twecomemoreoften?\'Meanwhile,twootheractors,RockwallSlingerandMerlinGreeves,hadcarriedtwolargefoodbasketstoashadyspotundersometrees.Whentheyhadallmadethemselvescomfortable,astrangerappeared.Helookedveryangry.\'Nowyougetoutofhere,allofyou!\'heshouted.\'I\'msheriffhere.Doyouseethatnotice?Itsays"NoCamping"--incaseyoucan\'tread!\'\'Look,sheriff,\'saidRockwall,\'don\'tbetoohardonus.I\'mRockwallSlingerandthisisMerlinGreeves.\'\'Oh,isit?\'saidthesheriffwithasneer.\'Well,I\'mBrinksleyMeers,andmyothernameisGloriaGleam.Nowyougetoutofherefast!\'参考译文一辆古旧的汽车停在一条干涸的河床边，一群著名男女演员下了车。他们戴着墨镜，穿着旧衣裳，特别小心以防别人认出他们。但他们很快就发觉，化装的效果有时过分完美了。“在这个地方野餐简直太妙了，”格格利亚.格利姆说。“是再好不过的了，格格利亚。”布林克斯利.米尔斯表示同意，“没有记者，没有影迷！我们为什么不经常来这里呢？”“此时，另外两位演员，罗克沃尔.斯林格和默林.格里夫斯，已经把两个大食品篮子提到了一片树荫下。当他们都已安排舒适时，一个陌生人出现了。他看上去非常气愤。“你们都从这里走开，全都走开！”他大叫着，“我是这里的司法长官。你们看到那个布告牌了吗？上面写着‘禁止野营’－－除非你们不识字！”“好了，好了，司法官，”罗克沃尔说，“别使我们难堪。我是罗克沃尔.斯林格，这位是默林.格里夫斯。”“噢，是吗？”那位司法长官冷笑一声说道，“好，我就是布林克斯利.米尔斯。我还有一个名字叫格格利亚.格利姆。现在你们赶快滚吧！”【课文讲解】1、Outofthelimelightlimelight的原义为舞台照明用的“石灰光”，其引申意义为“众人注目的中心”，这里的limelight是指舞台。Shehasbeeninthelimelightsinceshebecameanactress.Althoughheisagovernmentofficial,hetriestokeepoutofthelimelight.2、Anancientbusstoppedbyadryriverbedandapartyoffamousactorsandactressesgotoff.riverbed指河床，名词river作形容词用，类似的还有flowerbed（花坛）party作量词用时表示“一行，一伙，一群”等，如apartyoftourists/boys（一群旅游者/男孩）等。3、Whydon\'twecomemoreoften?“Why+don’t/doesn’t+主语+动词？”结构可用来提出建议：Whydon’tyouchangeawatch?4、\'Nowyougetoutofhere,allofyou!\'heshouted.getoutofhere从这里走开，滚出去，滚开getfuckoutofhere给我从这滚出去320.5、\'I\'msheriffhere.Doyouseethatnotice?Itsays"NoCamping"--incaseyoucan\'tread!\'I\'msheriffhere.（sheriff是一种官衔，官衔前面不加冠词）Heispresident.总统（官衔）Whoismonitor?谁是班长（官衔）Iamateacher.teacher不是官衔，加不定冠词incase+从句假使，万一……的话，免得，以防万一（常用于引导条件或目的状语从句，当句子表示将来的时间时，incase后面必须用现在时态或should/might）incaseyoucan\'tread除非你们不识字。I’mtakingaraincoatwithmeincaseIneedit.Incasehecomes/shouldcome,givehimthisletter.6、\'don\'tbetoohardonus.I\'mRockwallSlingerandthisisMerlinGreeves.\'behardon…对……（过分）严厉Don’tbetoohardonthatchild.Heisalwayshardonhisemployee.【SpecialDifficulties】与get有关的一些短语动词getout①（使）出去/出来（反义词为getinto）Whydon’tyougetthedogout?Thedoorislocked.Ican’tgetout.②走开，滚开（常用于祈使句）Nowyougetoutofherefast!getinto进来I’velostmykey.Ican’tgetintothehouse.geton①前进，进展（与getalong同义）Heisgettingonquitewellinhisnewjob.②继续干；相处融洽（常与with连用）Tomtalkedwithhisbrotherforawhile,andthengotonwithhishomework.He’ssodifficult.Ican’tgetonwithhim.他这个人这么别扭，我无法和他相处。get…off脱下，除去/取下Pleasehelpmetogettheboxofftheboat.Whenhegotthelidoffthebox,hesawamanlyinginit.getoff没受重伤/重罚而逃脱（常与with连用）Tomwaspunished,butJimgoofflightly.Icanhardlybelievethatthethiefgotoffwithjustawarning.getover①恢复过来，痊愈Hasyourmothergotoverherillness?②解决/结束（某件不愉快但必要做的事）（常与with连用）Theywantedtogetthejoboverasquicklyaspossible.getthough①通过（考试、测验等）321.Haveyougotthroughyourdrivingtestlastweek?②吃掉，喝完，用光FancyHelengettingthroughallthefood!用于公共标语的no公共标语通常字数很少，语言精练。在表示“禁止……”时往往用no+名词/动名词或名词短语，如NoCamping（禁止野营），NoSmoking（禁止吸烟），NoParking（禁止停车），NoLeftTurn（禁止左转弯）。在真正的公告牌上，这些标语往往全部用大写字母，不加标点，如NOSMOKING等。OnpublicnoticeswewriteNoCampinginsteadofDonotcamp.在公告牌上我们不用Donotcamp，而用NoCamping。【Multiplechoicequestions】5Whydon\'twecomemoreoften?We____comemoreoften.(a)could(b)would(c)might(d)shouldwhynotdo表示一种建议Whydon\'tyougowithme?=Whynotgowithme?建议句型：youmust/should①你必须/你应该（最好不要用）whydon\'twe/whynot②let\'sdo③MayIhaveyourname?Whynotclosethedoor?Wouldyoumindclosingthedoor?Let\'sgoshopping7__a__youlookatthenotice,you\'llseeitsays‘NoCamping’.(a)If(b)Providingthat(c)Whether(d)Inthesituationprovidingthat(过时，不用)=if=providedthat（仍然在使用）后面加从句。Lesson75SOS【Newwordsandexpressions】（6）thickadj.厚的signaln.信号stampv.跺，踩helicoptern.直升飞机scenen.现场survivorn.幸存者survivorn.★幸存者(指人)survivaln.幸存的东西survivev.生存；存活下来thepersonwhosurvivedIlearnhowtolive,butnowIknowhowtosurvive.（生存）Isurvivedafterthefire.（存活下来）322.survive+sth.(灾难)经过某种灾难还存在，还活着Isurvivedthefire.Thehousesurvivedtheearthquake.scenen.★现场n.①（事件发生的）地点，现场Ahelicoptersoonarrivedonthescenetorescuethesurvivors.一架直升飞机很快飞抵出事现场，搭救幸存者。Thesethingswerefoundatthesceneofthemurder.n.②风景，景色；景象Abeautifulscenealwaysmakesmedelighted.Ihavejustseenasadscene.【Text】Whenalightpassengerplaneflewoffcoursesometimeago,itcrashedinthemountainsanditspilotwaskilled.Theonlypassengers,ayoungwomanandhertwobabydaughters,wereunhurt.Itwasthemiddleofwinter.Snowlaythickontheground.Thewomanknewthatthenearestvillagewasmilesaway.Whenitgrewdark,sheturnedasuitcaseintoabedandputthechildreninsideit,coveringthemwithalltheclothesshecouldfind.Duringthenight,itgotterriblycold.Thewomankeptasnearasshecouldtothechildrenandeventriedtogetintothecaseherself,butitwastoosmall.Earlynextmorning,sheheardplanespassingoverheadandwonderedhowshecouldsendasignal.Thenshehadanidea.Shestampedouttheletters\'SOS\'inthesnow.Fortunately,apilotsawthesignalandsentamessagebyradiotothenearesttown.Itwasnotlongbeforeahelicopterarrivedonthescenetorescuethesurvivorsoftheplanecrash.参考译文不久前，一架轻型客机偏离了航线，在山区坠毁，飞行员丧生。机上仅有的乘客，一位年轻的妇女和她的两个女婴却平安无事。此时正值隆冬季节，地上积着厚厚的雪。这位妇女知道，即使最近的村庄也有数英里远。天黑下来的时候，她把提箱当作小床，把两个孩子放了进去，又把所有能找到的衣服都盖在了孩子们身上。夜里，天冷得厉害。这位妇女尽可能地靠近孩子，甚至自己也想钻进箱子里去，只是箱子太小了。第二天一大早，她听到头顶上有飞机飞过，但不知道怎样才能发个信号。后来她有了一个主意。她在雪地上踩出了“SOS”这3个字母。幸运得很，一位飞行员看到这个信号，用无线电给最近的城镇发了报。不久，一架直升飞机飞抵飞机失事现场，来搭救这几个幸存者。【课文讲解】1、Whenalightpassengerplaneflewoffcoursesometimeago,itcrashedinthemountainsanditspilotwaskilled.offcourse脱离轨道flyoffcourse飞行偏离航线Duringthestorm,theshipwentoffcourse.killv.杀（仅表示死了，不一定是人为的杀死,有可能是火灾等）FireinTokyo.Fivepeoplekilled.Tenpersonsinjured.（受伤）murderv.谋杀（故意杀死）2、Itwasthemiddleofwinter.middleofwinter隆冬323.middleofsummer盛夏3、Snowlaythickontheground.lay是系动词,thick是形容词作表语，表示主语的状态或性质。Theoldmanliesillandneglectedinbed.4、Thewomanknewthatthenearestvillagewasmilesaway.milesaway几英里之外（距离的表达方式）5、Whenitgrewdark,sheturnedasuitcaseintoabedandputthechildreninsideit,coveringthemwithalltheclothesshecouldfind.turn…into…=changesth.into…把……变成……6、Thewomankeptasnearasshecouldtothechildrenandeventriedtogetintothecaseherself,butitwastoosmall.as…assb.can/could=as…aspossible尽可能的……Hegotthroughasmuchfoodashecouldandsetout.TellJimtocometomyofficeassoonashecan.nearto=closeto7、Earlynextmorning,sheheardplanespassingoverheadandwonderedhowshecouldsendasignal.hearsb.doingsth.听见某人正在做某事overheadadv.从头顶wonder=wanttoknow8、Thenshehadanidea.Shestampedouttheletters\'SOS\'inthesnow.stampout踩出out在这里为副词，表示“出现，显露”等Thewriterhasbroughtoutanotherbook.Hewroteoutalonglistofallthefoodswhichwereforbidden.SOS=SaveOurSouls国际通用的呼救信号inthesnow在雪地上9、Fortunately,apilotsawthesignalandsentamessagebyradiotothenearesttown.byradio通过广播10、Itwasnotlongbeforeahelicopterarrivedonthescenetorescuethesurvivorsoftheplanecrash.longbefore=longlongago很久以前Itwasnotlongbefore+从句不久就……（指过去）Itwasnotlongbeforehewentabroad.ItwasnotlongbeforeIfinishedmyhomework.Itwillnotbelongbefore…不久就……（将来可能发生的事）Itwillnotbelongbeforehegetsoverhisillness.beforelong不久以后（一般将来时,从现在算不久以后会怎么样）Beforelong,hewillgoabroad.324.shortlybefore……之前不久shortlyafter……之后立即onthescene在现场（固定短语）【SpecialDifficulties】可以表示“变成”的一些动词grow，turn，go，get，com，fall等动词均有“变成”的意思，但它们在用法上有时有差别。grow表示“（逐渐）变得”，比get要正式些：Hehasgrownfat.Hehasgrowntolikestudyingmathematics.growdark（变黑）grow=getslowly慢慢变得turn表示“把（状态、性质）改变（成）……”或“使变颜色”等Leaveswillturnyellowinautumn.Acolonyofbeeshadturnedtheengineintoahive.Hisfaceturnedred.go表示“变成（某种状态）”，通常表示不好的变化：Somefoodsgobadeasily.Themilkwentsour.get在口语中使用较多，表示“成为（某种状态）”，强调的是变化的过程（一下子变得）。天气变化，一般用get，getcold(变冷)Thingsgotsobadrecentlythathedecidedtogoonadiet.come可表示“变成，成为，达到”等，与true连用时表示“实现”Herdreamtoswimacrossthechannelhascometrue.come+true/right/looseThedreamcomestrue.梦想成真。Takeiteasy.Everythingwillcomeright.comeloose变松动fall可表示“变成……的状态”fall+asleep/ill坠落梦乡/病倒了YoufellasleepwhileIwastalkingtoyou.Hefellilllastweek,sohedidn’tcometoyourwedding.【Multiplechoicequestions】9Itgotterriblycold.Thecoldwas__d__.(a)frightening(b)horrifying(c)shocking(d)frightfulfrightful=terriblefrighteningadj.让人产生吓了一跳的感觉horrifyingadj.令人恐惧的shockingadj.令人震惊的（坏事）〖语法精粹〗1.Didyoufindout___thepieoutofoven?A.totakeB.havetakenC.whentotakeD.beingtaken325.2.Youwouldbeirritatedifyouwatchedthemail__D_onyourdeskeveryday.A.puttingupBtobeputupC.topileupD.pileupseesb.do/doingsth.putup=setup搭建pileup堆起来3.WeshallsetJim_C__thepassage.A.explainingB.explainedC.toexplainD.explainsetsb.todosth.派某人做某事setsb.doing=cause导致……4.Infact,shewouldratherleaveforSanFrancisco__B_inLosAngeles.A.tostayB.thanstayCthanstayingD.thanhavestayedwouldratherdo…thandoprefer…to…prefertodo…ratherthando…5.MadameCurieisbelieved__D_theradium.A.discoveringB.havingdiscoveredC.tohavediscoveredD.todiscoverbebelievedtodosth.被动语态时是固定用法5.Ofalltheeconomicallyimportantplants,palmshavebeen__A_.A.theleaststudiedB.studytheleastC.studylessandlessD.tostudythelessof+范围，ofall是最高级的标志in+地点I\'veeverseen6.Duringaneclipseofthesun,__A_intheshadowoftheMoon.A.theEarthliesB.theEarthwhenlyingC.thattheEarthliesD.thelyingEarth7.Thephotoperiodicresponseofalgaeactuallydependsonthedurationofdarkness,_B__.A.thelightisnotonB.andnotonlightC.butisnotonthelightD.isnotonlightA选项引入了新的谓语动词。D选项同样是没有连词却引入了新的谓语动词。beon上演；灯的点燃Thelightison.8.Thewallflower_C__becauseitsweakstemsoftengrowonwallsandalongstrongcliffsforsupport.A.socalledisB.soiscalledC.issocalledD.calledissosocalled所谓的so-calledhuman326.Itisaso-calledclock.9.Becauseofitsimportanceinmodernliving,_A__inallpartsoftheworld.A.algebraisstudiedinschoolsandcollegesB.studyingalgebrainschoolsandcollegesC.andthestudyofalgebrainschoolsandcollegesD.inschoolsandcollegesarealgebrastudies原句缺主语和谓语。10.Sociologistshavelongrecognizedthatsocialtension__D_.A.elementsfromgrouplivingB.elementsofanormalgrouplifeC.livingareagroupofelementsD.arenormalelementsofgrouplife不定式：是一种非谓语动词，时间上表示将要①做主语Itisimportanttodosth.②做宾语wanttodo③做宾补allow/expectsb.todosth.④做定语（放在被修饰词之后）anythingtodo⑤做状语：目的状语⑥做表语Lesson76AprilFools\'Day【Newwordsandexpressions】（15）fooln.傻瓜bulletinn.新闻简报announcern.（电视、电台）播音员macaronin.通心面，空心面条leadingadj.主要的growern.种植者splendidadj.极好的stalkn.梗gatherv.收庄稼threshv.打（庄稼）processv.加工Signorn.（意大利语）先生presentadj.目前的championn.冠军327.studion.播音室【Text】\'Toendourspecialnewsbulletin,\'saidthevoiceofthetelevisionannouncer,\'we\'regoingovertothemacaronifieldsofCalabria.Macaronihasbeengrowninthisareaforoversixhundredyears.Twooftheleadinggrowers,GiuseppeMoldovaandRiccardoBrabante,tellmethattheyhavebeenexpectingasplendidcropthisyearandharvestinghasbegunearlierthanusual.Hereyoucanseetwoworkerswho,betweenthem,havejustfinishedcuttingthreecartloadsofgoldenbrownmacaronistalks.Thewholevillagehasbeenworkingdayandnightgatheringandthreshingthisyear\'scropbeforetheSeptemberrains.Ontheright,youcanseeMrs.Brabanteherself.Shehasbeenhelpingherhusbandforthirtyyearsnow.Mrs.Brabanteistalkingtothemanagerofthelocalfactorywherethecropisprocessed.Thislastsceneshowsyouwhatwillhappenattheendoftheharvest:thefamousCalabrianmacaroni-eatingcompetition!SignorFratelli,thepresentchampion,haswoniteveryyearsince1991.Andthatendsourspecialbulletinfortoday,Thursday,Aprillst.We\'renowgoingbacktothestudio.\'参考译文“作为我们专题新闻节目的结尾，”电视广播员说，“我们现在到克拉布利亚的通心粉田里。通心粉在这个地区已经种植了600多年了。两个主要种植者，朱塞皮.莫尔道瓦和里卡多.布拉班特告诉我，他们一直期待着今年获得一个大丰收，收割工作比往年开始要早些。这里您可以看到两个工人，他们协力割下了3车金黄色的通心粉秸。全村的人都日夜奋战，要赶在9月的雨季之前把今年的庄稼收获上来，打完场。在屏幕的右侧，您可以看到布拉班特太太本人，她已经帮了她的丈夫30年了。布拉班特太太现在正和负责通心粉加工的当地加工厂的经理交谈。这最后一个镜头向您展示了收获之后将发生的事情：著名的克拉布利亚人吃通心粉大赛！目前的冠军弗拉特里先生，自1991年以来，年年获胜。今天--4月1日，星期四--的专题新闻节目到此结束。现在我们回到电视演播室。”【课文讲解】1、we\'regoingovertothemacaronifieldsofCalabria.goover往……走过去Iwentovertotheblindmantohelphimacrosstheroad.2、Hereyoucanseetwoworkerswho,betweenthem,havejustfinishedcuttingthreecartloadsofgoldenbrownmacaronistalks.between作介词时含义之一是“作为……共同努力的结果，协力”：Betweenthemtheykilledthesnake.Betweenuswepulleddownthetree.我们协力把树拉倒了。3、Thewholevillagehasbeenworkingdayandnightgatheringandthreshingthisyear\'scropbeforetheSeptemberrains.rainn.雨水；雨季，季节性的雨（常用复数）theSeptemberrains9月雨季Wehaven’thadmuchrainthisyear.Sometimesspringrainsarereallyannoying.有时绵绵春雨真让人心烦意乱。328.【SpecialDifficulties】UsualandUsuallyusualadj.通常的，平常的，惯常的Itisusualwithhimtogetuplate.Iparkedthecarattheusualplace.usuallyadv.平常，通常Whendoyouusuallyhavesupper?BetweenandAmongbetweenprep.在（两者）之间Ipickedupthereceiverbetweentwostickyfinger.当表示两两之间的相互关系时，between可用于3个（或3个以上）的名词前：Thevillageliesbetweenariver,amountainandaroad.amongprep.在……中间，被……环绕（指三者以上）Thechurchliesamongmountains.Amongthoseboys,Danisthetallest.Manager，DirectorandHeadmastermanagern.经理Ienteredthehotelmanager’sofficeandsatdown.directorn.主任，董事Mr.Jonesisthedirectorofseveralcompanies.headmastern.（中学）校长Ihaven’tmettheheadmasterofthisschoolyet.Lesson77Asuccessfuloperation【Newwordsandexpressions】（14）mummyn.木乃伊Egyptianadj.埃及的templen.庙markn.斑点platen.（照相）底片diseasen.疾病lastv.持续provev.显示出resinn.树脂skinn.皮肤sectionn.切片figuren.（人的）体形；人像normallyadv.通常地survivev.幸免于329.lastvi.★持续，延续（常跟一个表示时间的名词或短语，没有被动语态）last直接加时间或加for+时间Themeetinglasts(for)threehours.Thewarbetweenthetwocountrieslasted(for)overthreeyears/until1453.provev.★显示出vi.①显示，表明prove+adj.Itprovesdifficulttodothejobbyherself.prove+tobe+adj.Itprovestobedifficult.vt.②证明，证实（后面可跟从句、形容词、名词、不定式等）Iwillproveittoyou.我将会证明给你看We’rebeentryingtosellourhouse,butit’sprovedtobeverydifficult.Youshouldfirstprovethatyouboughtthesegoodshere.【Text】ThemummyofanEgyptianwomanwhodiedin800B.C.hasjusthadanoperation.ThemummyisthatofShepenmutwhowasonceasingerintheTempleofThebes.AstherewerestrangemarksontheX-rayplatestakenofthemummy,doctorshavebeentryingtofindoutwhetherthewomandiedofararedisease.Theonlywaytodothiswastooperate.Theoperation,whichlastedforoverfourhours,provedtobeverydifficultbecauseofthehardresinwhichcoveredtheskin.Thedoctorsremovedasectionofthemummyandsentittoalaboratory.TheyalsofoundsomethingwhichtheX-rayplatesdidnotshow:asmallwaxfigureofthegodDuamutef.Thisgodwhichhastheheadofacowwasnormallyplacedinsideamummy.Thedoctorshavenotyetdecidedhowthewomandied.Theyfearedthatthemummywouldfalltopieceswhentheycutitopen,butfortunatelythishasnothappened.Themummysuccessfullysurvivedtheoperation.参考译文死于公元前800年的一位埃及妇女的木乃伊刚刚接受了一次手术。这是曾在底比斯神殿里当过歌手的赛潘姆特的木乃伊。由于在给这个木乃伊拍摄的X光片子上有点奇怪的斑点，所以，医生们一直试图搞清这位妇女是否死于一种罕见的疾病。搞清的唯一办法就是手术。手术持续了4个多小时，非常难做，因为皮肤上覆盖着一层硬硬的树脂。医生们从木乃伊身上取下一个切片，送去化验。他们还发现了X光片所没有显示的东西：一个蜡制的杜瓦木特夫神小塑像。这种牛头人身的神像通常被放在木乃伊体内。医生们至今还未确定这位妇女的死因。他们曾担心在把木乃伊切开后，它会散成碎片，但幸运得很，这种情况并未发生。这具木乃伊成功地经受了这次手术。【课文讲解】1、ThemummyofanEgyptianwomanwhodiedin800B.C.hasjusthadanoperation.B.C.=BeforeChrist公元前，放在年代的后面。A.D.公元，放在年代的前面,常常可以省略。2、ThemummyisthatofShepenmutwhowasonceasingerintheTempleofThebes.that指代上文当中出现的名词themummy。在指代特指事物时，尤其是在比较状语从句中，常用that和those指代提到的事物：ThecostoflivinghereislowerthanthatinLondon.330.thatof和thoseof一般用于较正式的文体中：It\'scolderthanGuangzhou.×（北京、广州是地点，只有大小之分，本身没有冷和热）TheweatherofBeijingiscolderthanGuangzhou.×TheweatherofBeijingiscolderthantheweatherofGuangzhou.=TheweatherofBeijingiscolderthanthatofGuangzhou.∨ThetextsofBookTwoaremoredifficultthanthoseofBookOne.TheareaoftheUSAislargerthanthatofBritain.TempleofThebes底比斯神庙3、AstherewerestrangemarksontheX-rayplatestakenofthemummy,doctorshavebeentryingtofindoutwhetherthewomandiedofararedisease.takeplatesofsth.给……拍片子takephotosofthemountaintakeplate拍片子，takephoto拍照片4、AstherewerestrangemarksontheX-rayplatestakenofthemummy,doctorshavebeentryingtofindoutwhetherthewomandiedofararedisease.findout+从句die是瞬间动词，不能和段时间连用。要和段时间连用，就必须变成系表结构bedead。die不能用bedoing形式。若用了bedoing，表示即将发生的动作。Hehasdiedforthreeyears.×dieintheaccident死于车祸dieof+内因死于……dieofhungerdieofgrief死于悲哀diefrom+外因死于……diefromwound（枪伤）Hediedfromtheheartdisease.在日常生活表达当中，dieof和diefrom可以互换。5、Theonlywaytodothiswastooperate.way+of做……的方式（做定语）way+todo做……的方式（做定语）6、Thedoctorshavenotyetdecidedhowthewomandied.what对名词提问，how对副词或介词短语提问。how在这里是对ofsth.提问的。要想用what提问，died后面加of。decidev.做出最终的判断，对……下判决，解决（悬案）Thepolicecannotdecideyetwhichofthetwomenisguilty.7、Theyfearedthatthemummywouldfalltopieceswhentheycutitopen,butfortunatelythishasnothappened.fearv.害怕（长时间的）cutopen切开falltopieces=gotopieces碎成碎片，散掉331.Duringthestorm,theoldhousefelltopieces.Aftertwoyearstheirmarriagefelltopieces.【SpecialDifficulties】B.C.andA.D.B.C.=BeforeChrist公元前（位于年代之后）TheRomansinvadedEnglandin55B.C.A.D.=annoDomini(=intheyeareoftheLord=sinceChristwasborn)公元前（位于年代之前）GeorgeIdiedinA.D.1727.Skin，LeatherandComplexionskinn.人体的皮肤；指某人是什么颜色的皮肤（可与complexion互换）Wearewettotheskin.Hehasadarkskin/complexion.leathern.皮革Shoesmadeofrealleatherhavebecomeveryexpensive.Thissofaismadefromrealleather.complexionn.肤色Lookatherrosycheeks.Shehasalovelycomplexion.WaxandCandlewaxn.蜡（不可数名词）Allthefiguresinthisshoparemadeofwax.candlen.蜡烛（可数名词）Ikeepacandlebymybedincasethelightsgooutsuddenly.Lesson78Thelastone?【Newwordsandexpressions】（12）entitlev.以……为名calmv.使镇定nerven.神经concentrationn.集中，专心sufferv.受苦，受害symptomn.症状tempern.脾气appetiten.胃口，食欲producev.拿出urgev.力劝，怂恿satisfactionn.满意，满足delightedadj.欣喜的entitlevt.★以……为名,取名，给……题名,给……称号；v.授权,授权entitle+宾语+sth.给……题名为……332.Thewriterhasn’tentitledhisnewbookyet.ThebookwasentitledTheSunAlsoRises.callsb.sth.namesb.sth.calmv.★使镇定calmdown镇定下来nerven.★神经loseone\'snerve失去勇气Ilostmynerve.nervousadj.神经紧张的mentaldisorder神经病concentrationn.★集中，专心concentratev.专心concentrateondoingsth.集中精力做某事concentrateonlearningEnglishsufferv.★受苦，受害vi.①受痛苦，爱苦难；患病Duringthistime,mywifesufferedterribly.Whatisthepatientsufferingfrom?vt.②遭受（痛苦、损害等）Thevillagesufferedseriousdamagefromthefloods.Manypeoplearesufferingcoldandhungerinthatdistrict.tempern.★脾气keepone\'stemper别发火loseone\'stemper发火Sincehisillness,healwaysloseshistemper.名词+ed为形容词：hot-tempered脾气火爆；good-tempered好脾气的；bad-tempered坏脾气的appetiten.★胃口，食欲appetiteforsth.关于……的食欲（appetite表示的胃口仅对食物而言）Ihavegoodappetitefortheicecream.我很想吃冰淇淋toone\'staste对某人的胃口Thisbookisnottomytaste.producev.★拿出produce=takeurgev.★力劝，怂恿urgesb.todosth.怂恿某人做……333.persuadesb.todosth.说服/劝说某人做某事satisfactionn.★满意，满足satisfactoryadj.令人满意的delightedadj.★感到高兴的，欣喜的delightn.欣喜，高兴delight+人让某人高兴glad/happy/pleased感到高兴的I\'mglad/happy/pleased.glad是一种客套的话Gladtohearthat.happy是相对稳定的一种快乐Heisahappyman.pleased高兴的，含有很满足的概念I\'mpleased.delighted突如其来的事情让人感到的开心I\'mdelighted.【Text】Afterreadinganarticleentitled\'CigaretteSmokingandYourHealth\'Ilitacigarettetocalmmynerves.IsmokedwithconcentrationandpleasureasIwassurethatthiswouldbemylastcigarette.ForawholeweekIdidnotsmokeatallandduringthistime,mywifesufferedterribly.Ihadalltheusualsymptomsofsomeonegivingupsmoking:abadtemperandanenormousappetite.Myfriendskeptonofferingmecigarettesandcigars.TheymadenoefforttohidetheiramusementwheneverIproducedapacketofsweetsfrommypocket.AftersevendaysofthisIwenttoaparty.EverybodyaroundmewassmokingandIfeltextremelyuncomfortable.WhenmyoldfriendBrianurgedmetoacceptacigarette,itwasmorethanIcouldbear.Itookoneguiltily,lititandsmokedwithsatisfaction.Mywifewasdelightedthatthingshadreturnedtonormaloncemore.Anyway,asBrianpointedout,itistheeasiestthingintheworldtogiveupsmoking.Hehimselfhasdoneitlotsoftimes!参考译文读完一篇题为《吸烟与健康》的文章之后，我点上了一枝香烟，来镇定一下自己紧张的神经。我聚精会神而又愉快地吸着这枝烟。因为我确信这是我最后一枝烟了。整整一个星期我根本没有吸烟。在此期间，我妻子吃尽了苦头。我具备了戒烟者通常表现出来的所有症状：脾气暴躁和食欲旺盛。我的朋友们不断地向我递香烟和雪茄。每当我从口袋里掏出一包糖果时，他们都毫不掩饰地表现出他们对此感到非常好笑。这样过了7天以后，我去参加一次聚会。我周围的每个人都在吸烟，我感到非常不自在。当我的老朋友布赖恩极力劝我接受一枝香烟时，我再也忍不住了。我内疚地接过一枝点上，心满意足地抽起来。一切又都恢复了正常，为此我妻子十分高兴。不管怎么说，正如布赖恩指出的那样，戒烟是世界上最容易的事情，他自己就已戒了很多次了！【课文讲解】1、Afterreadinganarticleentitled\'CigaretteSmokingandYourHealth\'Ilitacigarettetocalmmynerves.anarticleentitled题名为……的文章在英语中，文章名与书名中的每个单词的第一个字母均大写，不在开头位置的连词、冠词、小品词除外。334.lit（light，light）v.点燃Ilitacigarette.lightedadj.被点燃的Thisisalightedcigarette.2、Myfriendskeptonofferingcigarettesandcigars.keepondoingsth.=continuedoingsth.持续不断的做Thechildwascryingloudly,buthekeptonwatchingTV.cigarn.雪茄offersb.sth.给某人某物3、TheymadenoefforttohidetheiramusementwheneverIproducedapacketofsweetsfrommypocket.makeeveryeffort尽全力，尽一切努力Hemadeeveryefforttoget/atgettingthejob.makenoeffort根本不作努力，毫不费力makenoefforttopersuadehimShewrotetheletterwith/withouteffort.她费力/毫不费力地写了那封信。makeeffort+todosth.努力做……nomatterwhen=whenever无论何时nomatterwho=whoever无论是谁nomatterwhere=wherever无论在哪里nomatterhow无论怎样4、WhenmyoldfriendBrianurgedmetoacceptacigarette,itwasmorethanIcouldbear.wasmorethanIcouldbear=Icouldn\'tbearmorethan后面跟一个从句或一个形容词时可以表示“超出”（多用于口语）：Hewasmorethanpleasedwithhisnewroom.ThiswasmorethanIhadexpectd.5、Anyway,asBrianpointedout,itistheeasiestthingintheworldtogiveupsmoking.anyway不管如何AnywayIlovehim.Thankyouanyway.pointout=explain指出，指明Whydidn’tyoupointouthismistaketohimatthattime?Hepointedoutthatwestillhadtogetafewotherthings.【SpecialDifficulties】与keep有关的短语动词keepon+doingsth.反复，持续Myfriendskeptonofferingmecigarettes.Hekeptonsayingthathewastired.他不断地说他累了。keepoff不靠近，从……离开Keepofftheflowerbed.请勿进入花坛。Keepyourhandsoffthefood.别动吃的东西。335.keepawayfrom（使……）不靠近，避开Whydoyoualwayskeepawayfromme?你为什么总躲着我？Keepthechildrenawayfromtheriver.别让孩子们去河边。keepitup不松劲，保持成绩，继续下去You\'vemademuchprogress.Keepitup!你已取得了很大进步。继续努力！Ifyoukeepitup,you\'llbeabletosetupanewworldrecord.你如果保持下去／不松劲，你就能创一项新的世界纪录。keepupwith跟上，不落在……后面Althoughhewalkedasfastashecould,hestillcouldn\'tkeepupwithhisfather.虽然他尽快走，但他仍跟不上他父亲。Inordertokeepupwithhisclassmates,heworkedharderthanever.为了跟上同学，他比以往任何时候都更努力。keepout（使）留在外面，（使）不进入Heshutallthedoorsandwindowstokeepoutthewind.为了挡风，他关上了所有的门窗。16,000-voltpowerline.Keepout!16,000伏高压线，不可靠近！keepin（把……）留在里面／关在屋里，不出外It\'sverycoldtoday.We\'dbetterkeepin.今天很冷。我们最好别出去。Whenthedogwaskeptin,itbarkedloudly.那条狗被关在屋里时狂吠不止。336.Lesson79Byair【Newwordsandexpressions】（6）parentn.父（母）亲flightattendant空中乘务员frightenedadj.害怕，担惊curiousadj.急于了解，好奇的bombn.炸弹plantv.安放plantv.★安放vt.①种植；在……内种植Theyplantedgrassseedonthedesolatehills.vt.②放置，安置；布置Abombwasplantedontheplane.Onthatdaymanypolicemenwereplantedalongthemainstreet.【Text】IusedtotravelbyairagreatdealwhenIwasaboy.MyparentsusedtoliveinSouthAmericaandIusedtoflytherefromEuropeintheholidays.AflightattendantwouldtakechargeofmeandIneverhadanunpleasantexperience.IamusedtotravelingbyairandonlyononeoccasionhaveIeverfeltfrightened.Aftertakingoff,wewereflyinglowoverthecityandslowlygainingheight,whentheplanesuddenlyturnedroundandflewbacktotheairport.Whilewewerewaitingtoland,aflightattendanttoldustokeepcalmandtogetofftheplanequietlyassoonasithadtoucheddown.Everybodyonboardwasworriedandwewerecurioustofindoutwhathadhappened.Laterwelearntthattherewasaveryimportantpersononboard.Thepolicehadbeentoldthatabombhadbeenplantedontheplane.Afterwehadlanded,theplanewassearchedthoroughly.Fortunately,nothingwasfoundandfivehourslaterwewereabletotakeoffagain.参考译文我在幼年的时候，曾多次乘飞机旅行。我的父母曾经住在南美洲，所以假期里我常从欧洲乘飞机到他们那里。我总是由一位空中乘务员照管，从未遇到过不愉快的经历。我习惯了乘飞机旅行，只是有一次把我吓坏了。起飞之后，我们在城市上空低低地飞行，然后慢慢爬高。这时飞机突然调转头来，飞回了机场。在我们等待降落时，一位空中乘务员告诉我们要保持镇静，待飞机一着陆，就马上不声不响地离开飞机。飞机上的人都很着急，大家都急于想知道究竟出了什么事。后来我们才得知，飞机上坐了一位非常重要的人物。有人报告警察，说飞机上安放了一枚炸弹。我们降落之后，飞机被彻底搜查了一遍。幸运的是，什么也没有找到。5个小时后，我们又起飞了。【课文讲解】1、AflightattendantwouldtakechargeofmeandIneverhadanunpleasantexperience.takecharge(of)…照顾……，接管，开始管理Shetookchargeofthechildafterhisparentsdied.Thenewmanagerwilltakecharge(ofthecompany)fromnextweek.2、IamusedtotravellingbyairandonlyononeoccasionhaveIeverfeltfrightened.倒装句，倒装句的结构为“副词+助动词（be，do，have，can，must等）+主语+句子的其余部分”。337.用倒装句的情况：①句首为否定或近似否定的副词（never，rarely，little，onnooccasion，hardly，nosooner…that等）：Littledoesherealizehowimportantthismeetingis.Neverhashegotsomanyletters.Onnooccasionmustyouacceptanymoneyifheoffersit.②句首为only构成的词组（如onlyafter，onlythen等）：OnlythendidIrealizewhatamistakeIhavemade.OnlyaftershehadtakenoffhercoatandhatcouldIrecognizeher.如果only加上一个状语放在句首，那么就要用倒装语序。即把肯定句语序变成一般疑问句语序。Itisonlyinrecentyearsthatitgainedbadreputation.强调句型Onlyinrecentyearsdidthetreegainbadreputation.倒装句也表示强调beusedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事3、Aftertakingoff,wewereflyinglowoverthecityandslowlygainingheight,whentheplanesuddenlyturnedroundandflewbacktotheairport.takeoff起飞gainheight（飞机）增加高度，爬高（gainvt.增加）Thecargainedspeedwhenitwasoutsidethetown.Hehasgainedsomuchweightthathedecidestogoonadiet.touchdown（飞机）着陆，降落Don’tstandupbeforetheplanehastoucheddown.4、Everybodyonboardwasworriedandwewerecurioustofindoutwhathadhappened.onboard在……（如飞机）上，搭乘（船、飞机、火车、汽车等）Tomhasneverbeenonboardaplanebefore.【SpecialDifficulties】与take有关的短语动词takeoff①脱下（衣服、鞋子等）Whydon’tyoutakeoffyourcoat/hat/glasses?②（飞机）起飞，（鸟）飞起Theplanewilltakeoffinhalfanhour.③（嘲弄地）模仿（口语）Hetakespeopleoffsowellheoughttogoonthestage.Heisalwaystakinghisteacheroff.=Heisalwaysmakingfunofhimbyimitatinghim.takeafter（长相、性格等）像（父母等）Janeisn’teasytogetalongwith.Shetakesafterhermother.takeup①占（时间、地点等）Thisworkwon’ttakeuptoomuchofyourtime.Yourbookshavetakenuptoomuchspace.②开始（从事、产生兴趣等）Hetookuptennis/paintingtwoyearsago.HehastakenupFrench.=HehasbeguntolearnFrench.338.taketo养成……的习惯，开始沉缅于（后跟名词或动名词）Whendidhetaketodrinking/smoking?takein欺骗（口语，常用被动语态）OnoneoccasionIwastakenin.takedown写下，记下Iforgottotakedownhistelephonenumber.ThereportertookdowneverythingIsaid.takeover接收，接管Weallhopethatthingswillgetbetterwhenthenewmanagertakesover.Lesson80TheCrystalPalace【Newwordsandexpressions】（10）palacen.宫殿extraordinaryadj.不平常的，非凡的exhibitionn.展览ironn.铁variousadj.各种各样的machineryn.机器displayn.展览steamn.蒸汽profitn.利润collegen.学院profitn.★利润n.①利润，赢利；得益Storeshaven’tmadeasmuchprofitasusualthisyear.Theprofitsfromtheexhibitionwereusedtobuildmuseumsandcolleges.vi.②获益，得益；获利Ihaveprofitedmuchfromyouradvice/thisbook/livingabroad.【Text】PerhapsthemostextraordinarybuildingofthenineteenthcenturywastheCrystalPalace,whichwasbuiltinHydeParkfortheGreatExhibitionof1851.TheCrystalPalacewasdifferentfromallotherbuildingsintheworld,foritwasmadeofironandglass.Itwasoneofthebiggestbuildingsofalltimeandalotofpeoplefrommanycountriescametoseeit.Agreatmanygoodsweresenttotheexhibitionfromvariouspartsoftheworld.Therewasalsoagreatdealofmachineryondisplay.ThemostwonderfulpieceofmachineryonshowwasNasmyth\'ssteamhammer.Thoughinthosedays,travelingwasnotaseasyasitistoday,steamboatscarriedthousandsofvisitorsacrosstheChannelfromEurope.OnarrivinginEngland,theyweretakentotheCrystalPalacebytrain.Thereweresixmillionvisitorsinall,andtheprofitsfromtheexhibitionwereusedtobuildmuseumsandcolleges.Later,theCrystalPalacewasmovedtoSouthLondon.Itremainedoneofthemostfamousbuildingsintheworlduntilitwasburntdownin1936.参考译文339.19世纪最不寻常的建筑也许要数水晶宫了，它是为1851年的“世界博览会”而建在海德公园的。这座水晶宫不同于世界上所有的其他建筑，因为它是用钢和玻璃建成的。它是有史以来最高大的建筑物之一，因此，人们从各个国家纷纷前来参观。大量的商品从世界各地运送到了博览会，参展的还有很多机器，其中最奇妙的是内史密斯的蒸汽锤。尽管在当时旅行不像现在这么容易，但汽船还是把成千上万的参观者从欧洲大陆送过了英吉利海峡。一到英国，火车就把他们送到了水晶宫。参观的人数总共是600万。博览会的赢利用来建造博物馆和高等学校。后来，“水晶宫”被移到了伦敦南部。在1936年被焚毁之前，它一直是世界上最著名的建筑物之一。【课文讲解】1、PerhapsthemostextraordinarybuildingofthenineteenthcenturywastheCrystalPalace,whichwasbuiltinHydeParkfortheGreatExhibitionof1851.theGreatExhibition世界博览会2、TheCrystalPalacewasdifferentfromallotherbuildingsintheworld,foritwasmadeofironandglass.bedifferentfrom…与……不同bemadeof…用……制造（指原材料没有发生化学上的变化）3、Itwasoneofthebiggestbuildingsofalltimeandalotofpeoplefrommanycountriescametoseeit.ofalltime空前的，有史以来（常与形容词的最高级连用，表示范围）Heisoneofthegreatestmenofalltime.“oneof=最高级+复数名词”结构的语气比直接用形容词最高级+名词结构要缓和些，不那么绝对。Yesterdaywasthehottestdayoftheyear.Yesterdaywasoneofthehottestdaysoftheyear.4、Therewasalsoagreatdealofmachineryondisplay.machineryn.机器，机械装置（集合名词，与单数动词搭配）某个具体的机器可用machine或者apieceofmachinery来表示：Thisisawonderfulpieceofmachinery/awonderfulmachine.ondisplay=onshow展出，陈列Shallweputalltheseflowersondisplay/show?5、Thereweresixmillionvisitorsinall,andtheprofitsfromtheexhibitionwereusedtobuildmuseumsandcolleges.inall总共，合计attheweddingtherewereover100peopleinall.6、Itremainedoneofthemostfamousbuildingsintheworlduntilitwasburntdownin1936.remain在这里为系动词，表示“保持不变，仍然”（后面可跟形容词、名词、动名词等）Whydidyouremainsilent/quietatthedinnerparty?Theyallremainedstandingwhilethemanagertalked.【SpecialDifficulties】带on的短语：ondisplay/show展出，陈列340.Thisisthebestdressondisplay/show.这是展出的最好的衣服。onbusiness因公（与forpleasure相对）LastmonthhewenttoNewYorkonbusinessandhadlittletimetovisitfriends.onfoot步行（与bybus，bycar，byair等相对）Iusuallygotoworkbycar,butthismorningIwentonfoot.onduty值班，值班的ItwasSundayandtherewasonlyonedoctoronduty.onthewhole总的看来，总的来说，大体上Onthewhole,heisahard-workingstudent.onfire起火，着火Soonthewholebuildingwasonfire.onpurpose故意地，有意地，特意地（与bychance相对）Theyhavecomehereonpurposetoseeyou.Shebrokethevaseonpurpose.ontheaverage平均，通常Ontheaverage,heworksmorethantenhoursaday.onanyaccount无论如何，不管怎么说（通常用否定句）Donotinterrupthimonanyaccount.Youmustn’tonanyaccountsignthecontractbeforeyoureadit.onsecondthought(s)经重新考虑后（thought用单数或复数均可）Iintendedtogototheparty,butonsecondthought(s),Idecidedtostayathome.Lesson81Escape【Newwordsandexpressions】（14）prisonern.囚犯bushn.灌木丛rapidlyadv.迅速地uniformn.制服riflen.来福枪，步枪shouldern.肩marchv.行进boldlyadv.大胆地blazev.闪耀salutev.行礼elderlyadj.上了年纪的greyadj.灰白的sharpadj.猛烈的blown.打击marchv.★行进v.①（部队）行军，行进v.②（威风凛凛/从容不迫地）走，迅速地走341.Janemarchedoutoftheroomwithoutsayingaword.【Text】Whenhehadkilledtheguard,theprisonerofwarquicklydraggedhimintothebushes.Workingrapidlyinthedarkness,hesoonchangedintothedeadman\'sclothes.Now,dressedinablueuniformandwitharifleoverhisshoulder,theprisonermarchedboldlyupanddowninfrontofthecamp.Hecouldhearshoutinginthecampitself.Lightswereblazingandmenwererunninghereandthere:theyhadjustdiscoveredthataprisonerhadescaped.Atthatmoment,alargeblackcarwithfourofficersinsideit,stoppedatthecampgates.Theofficersgotoutandtheprisonerstoodtoattentionandsalutedastheypassed.Whentheyhadgone,thedriverofthecarcametowardshim.Themanobviouslywantedtotalk.Hewasratherelderlywithgreyhairandclearblueeyes.Theprisonerfeltsorryforhim,buttherewasnothingelsehecoulddo.Asthemancamenear,theprisonerknockedhimtothegroundwithasharpblow.Then,jumpingintothecar,hedroveoffasquicklyashecould.参考译文那个战俘杀死卫兵以后，迅速地把尸体拖进了灌木丛。他在黑暗中忙活了一阵儿，很快就换上了死者的衣服。现在他身穿蓝军装，肩扛步枪，在军营门前大胆地来回走看。他听得军营里面的喧闹声。那里灯米通明，人们在东奔西跑：他们刚刚发现有一个俘虏跑了。正在此时，一辆黑色大轿车在军营门口停了下来。里面坐了4个军官。军官们下了车，战俘立正站好，并在他们从他面前经过时敬了礼。他们走后，汽车司机向他走来，这人显然是想聊天。他上了年纪，有着灰白的头发和明亮的蓝眼睛。战俘为他感到惋惜，但却没有别的选择。当这个人走近时，战俘一拳把他打倒在地，然后跳进车里，以最快的速度把车开走了。【课文讲解】1、Whenhehadkilledtheguard,theprisonerofwarquicklydraggedhimintothebushes.theprisonerofwar战俘（缩写为POW）2、Workingrapidlyinthedarkness,hesoonchangedintothedeadman\'sclothes.changeinto换（衣）Hechangedintohisnewdressandwenttotheparty.3、Now,dressedinablueuniformandwitharifleoverhisshoulder,theprisonermarchedboldlyupanddowninfrontofthecamp.upanddown来回，前后Hewasworriedabouthismotherandwalkedupanddownintheroom.4、Lightswereblazingandmenwererunninghereandthere:theyhadjustdiscoveredthataprisonerhadescaped.hereandthere到处，四处Theywenthereandtherelookingforthelostchild.5、Theofficersgotoutandtheprisonerstoodtoattentionandsalutedastheypassed.standat/toattention立正Thestudentsstoodat/toattentionwhiletheheadmastermadeaspeech.【LetterWriting】342.结束语Pleasegivemylove/regardsto…Ihopeyoufeelbettersoon.【SpecialDifficulties】Cloth，ClothesandClothingclothn.①布，布料（不可数名词）There’senoughclothforaskirt.Doyouthinktheclothwillwearwell?你认为这布料会耐穿吗？n.②抹布，桌布（可数名词）Wipeupthemesswithacloth.clothesn.衣服，服装（后面动词用复数形式）Myclothesaremostlyboughtfromabroad.clothingn.服装的总称（不可数名词，包括衣服、鞋、帽等）Hestillneedssomewinterclothing.SaluteandGreetsalutev.行军礼，（向……）敬礼Theguardsalutedastheofficerspassed.Theguardsalutedtheofficers.greetv.打招呼，欢迎，迎接Whenwearrived,thewholefamilystooduptogreetus.HegreetedDanwithanod.ClearandCleanclearadj.①清澈的，明亮的，晴朗的Hewasratherelderlywithclearblueeyes.Seeingthatitwasaclearday,hedrovetothecountryside.adj.②清楚的，明确的，明了的IwanttomakeitclearthatI’mnotpayingthebill.adj.③畅通的，无障碍的，无危险的Youcandrivefastonlywhenyouareonaclearroad.cleanadj.①干净的Thesecupsarenotveryclean.adj.②无污点的，无犯罪历史的Hehasacleanrecord.他一贯表现很好（没有前科）。343.Lesson82Monsterorfish?【Newwordsandexpressions】（7）monstern.怪物sailorn.海员sightv.见到creaturen.动物，生物peculiaradj.奇怪的，不寻常的shiningadj.闪闪发光的oarfishn.桨鱼claim★vt.&vi.①（对……）提出要求，认领，索取Hasanyoneclaimedthechild/wallet?vt.②声称，断言Theyclaimtohaveseenmonstersinthesea.HeclaimedthatTomhadstolenhiswallet.【Text】Fishermenandsailorssometimesclaimtohaveseenmonstersinthesea.Thoughpeoplehaveoftenlaughedatstoriestoldbyseamen,itisnowknownthatmanyofthese\'monsters\'whichhaveattimesbeensightedaresimplystrangefish.Occasionally,unusualcreaturesarewashedtotheshore,buttheyarerarelycaughtoutatsea.Sometimeago,however,apeculiarfishwascaughtnearMadagascar.Asmallfishingboatwascarriedmilesouttoseabythepowerfulfishasitpulledontheline.Realizingthatthiswasnoordinaryfish,thefishermanmadeeveryeffortnottodamageitinanyway.Whenitwaseventuallybroughttoshore,itwasfoundtobeoverthirteenfeetlong.Ithadaheadlikeahorse,bigblueeyes,shiningsilverskin,andabrightredtail.Thefish,whichhassincebeensenttoamuseumwhereitisbeingexaminedbyascientist,iscalledanoarfish.Suchcreatureshaverarelybeenseenalivebymanastheyliveatadepthofsixhundredfeet.参考译文渔夫和水手们有时声称自己看到过海里的妖怪。虽然人们常常对水手们讲的故事付诸一笑，但现在看来，人们有时看到的这些“妖怪”很多不过是些奇怪的鱼。一些异常的生物偶尔会被冲到岸上来，但它们在海上却极少能被捕到。然而不久前，在马达加斯加附近的海里却捕到了一条奇怪的鱼。一条小渔船被一条咬住钩的强壮的大鱼拖到了几英里以外的海面上。那位渔民意识到这根本不是一条普通的鱼，于是千方百计不让它受到丝毫伤害。当终于把它弄上岸后，人们发现它身长超过了13英尺。它长着一个像马一样的头，有着大的蓝眼睛和闪闪发光的银色皮肤，还有一条鲜红色的尾巴。此鱼叫桨鱼，被送进了博物馆，现正接受一位科学家的检查。人们很少能看到活着的这类动物，因为它们生活在600英尺深的水下。【课文讲解】1、Fishermenandsailorssometimesclaimtohaveseenmonstersinthesea.tohaveseen是不定式的完成式结构。不定式的完成式用于不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前的情况。不定式的完成式常用于believe，declare，find，say，see，know，think，understand等动词之后（这些动词常用被动语态）：I’msorrytohavetakenupsomuchofyourtime.Heisthought/believedtohavebeenkilledinanaircrash.344.Imeant/intendedtohaveinvitedhim,butIforgottodoso.我本想/本打算邀请他的，可是我忘记了。Ihope/plantohavefinishedby12.我希望/计划到12点钟以前就已完成。（相当于将来完成时）2、Thoughpeoplehaveoftenlaughedatstoriestoldbyseamen,itisnowknownthatmanyofthese\'monsters\'whichhaveattimesbeensightedaresimplystrangefish.attimes有时，偶尔AttimesIfeelthatheisnothonest.3、Occasionally,unusualcreaturesarewashedtotheshore,buttheyarerarelycaughtoutatsea.outatsea在远海，在外海Don’tsailouttoseainthisweather.4、Realizingthatthiswasnoordinaryfish,thefishermanmadeeveryeffortnottodamageitinanyway.no的否定意味比not(a/an)要重（用于名词或形容词之前、系动词be之后）Theyarenofriendsofours.他们根本不是我们的朋友。Thisisnoeasywork.这绝对不是件容易干的活。5、Suchcreatureshaverarelybeenseenalivebymanastheyliveatadepthofsixhundredfeet.creature指包含人在内的“生物，动物”。指人时它可以表示怜爱等感情，多用于指女性：Thepoorcreaturehassufferedalotduringthattime.【LetterWriting】结束语：Ishallbelookingforwardtohearingfrom/seeingyousoon.Ihopeyouwillsoonsettledowninyour(newjob,school,etc.).【SpecialDifficulties】LaughandLaughatlaughv.笑Everybodylaughedwhenthecircusclownmadehisappearance.laughat嘲笑……Don’tlaughatme.WashandWashupwashv.①洗，洗涤Imustgetupandwash.washoneself洗澡Sallycanalmostwashherselfnow.v.②冲走，卷走Occasionally,unusualcreaturesarewashedtotheshore.Thelittlewoodenhousewaswashedawaybythefloods.washupv.①洗餐具345.Whenyouphoned,shewasbusywashingup(thedishes).v.②把……冲上岸Thedeadbodyofahugefishhasbeenwashedupontheshore.Lesson83Aftertheelections【Newwordsandexpressions】（9）electionn.选举formeradj.从前的defeatv.打败fanaticaladj.狂热的opponentn.反对者，对手radicaladj.激进的progressiveadj.进步的ex-prefix（前缀，用于名词前）前……suspiciousadj.怀疑的ex-prefix★（前缀，用于名词前）前……（相当于former）ex-husband前夫；ex-wife前妻；ex-taxi-driver前出租汽车司机ex-manager前任经理；ex-headmaster前任校长suspiciousadj.★怀疑的adj.①猜疑的，认为可疑的，对……起疑心的，多疑的Customsofficersaresuspiciousofnervous-lookingtravelers.Don’tbesosuspicious.Everything’sallright.adj.②可疑的，令人起疑的Yougetalotofsuspicious-lookingpeopleinthisbar.Thecarcrashlookssuspicious.【Text】TheformerPrimeMinister,Mr.WentworthLane,wasdefeatedintherecentelections.Heisnowretiringfrompoliticallifeandhasgoneabroad.Myfriend,Patrick,hasalwaysbeenafanaticalopponentofMr.Lane\'sRadicalProgressiveParty.Aftertheelections,PatrickwenttotheformerPrimeMinister\'shouse.WhenheaskedifMr.Lanelivedthere,thepolicemanondutytoldhimthatsincehisdefeat,theex-PrimeMinisterhadgoneabroad.Onthefollowingday,Patrickwenttothehouseagain.Thesamepolicemanwasjustwalkingslowlypasttheentrance,whenPatrickaskedthesamequestion.Thoughalittlesuspiciousthistime,thepolicemangavehimthesameanswer.Thedayafter,Patrickwenttothehouseoncemoreandaskedexactlythesamequestion.Thistime,thepolicemanlosthistemper.\'Itoldyouyesterdayandthedaybeforeyesterday,\'heshouted,\'Mr.Lanewasdefeatedintheelections.Hehasretiredfrompoliticallifeandgonetoliveabroad!"\'Iknow,\'answeredPatrick,\'butIlovetohearyousayit!\'参考译文前首相温特沃兹.莱恩先生在最近的大选中被击败。他现在退出了政界，到国外去了。我的朋友帕特里克一直是莱恩先生的激进党的强烈反对者。大选结束后，帕特里克来到了前首相的住处。当他询问莱346.恩先生是否住在那里时，值班的警察告诉他这位前首相落选后出国去了。第二天，帕特里克再次来到首相的住处。昨天的那位警察正从门口慢慢走过，帕特里克上前问了和昨天同样的问题。虽然那位警察这次有点疑心，但还是对他作了同样的回答。第三天，帕特里克又去了，提出了同前两天完全一样的问题这一次警察火了。“我昨天和前天都告诉过您了，”他大叫着，“莱恩先生在大选中被击败了，他已经退出了政界去国外了！”“这我都知道，”帕特里克说，“可我就是喜欢听你说出这此！”【课文讲解】1、Aftertheelectionstheelections大选（英文中election常用复数形式，后接表示复数的动词，用来指全国性的选举；一般的选举用单数）Hehopestodefeathisrivalinnextyear’selections.2、TheformerPrimeMinister,Mr.WentworthLane,wasdefeatedintherecentelections.formeradj.以前的，从前的，前任的（后跟名词）Yesterday,hereceivedaletterfromhisformerwife/Englishteacher.PrimeMinister首相3、Thoughalittlesuspiciousthistime,thepolicemangavehimthesameanswer.这是一个让步状语从句。如果从句的主语和主句的相同而谓语带系动词be，则主语+be可省略；但原因状语从句的省略形式要带分词being：Ifpossible,pleaseletmeknowbythisevening.如果可能的话，请今晚以前告诉我。Beingworriedabouthischild,hewalkedupanddownintheroom.4、Thistime,thepolicemanlosthistemper.losthistemper发脾气【LetterWriting】结束语：Iamverysorryforallthetroublethishascausedyou.Iwishyougoodluck/everysuccessin…【SpecialDifficulties】TemperandMoodtempern.①脾气，性情Thistime,thepolicemanlosthistemper.Whateverhappens,remembertokeepourtemper.Mysisterisofacalm/quicktemper.我姐姐/妹妹性情平和/脾气急躁。Thebossisinatempertoday.老板今天脾气不好。n.②心情，情绪（与mood同义）Thatmorninghewasinagoodmood/temper.moodn.心情，情绪；有意/想要（做某事）（不能用temper）Whenheisinabadtemper,hegetsangryeasily.Butwhenheisinabadmood,helikestositalone.（badmood和badtemper稍有区别）当他脾气不好时，他很容易生气。但当他心情不好时，他喜欢独自坐着。347.AtthattimeIwasnotinthemoodfortalking/totalk.（不能用temper）AlthoughJeremyiswell-knownforhisgreatsenseofhumour,heisinnomoodfortellingfunnystoriestoday.（不能用temper）Lesson84Onstrike【Newwordsandexpressions】（11）striken.罢工busmann.公共汽车司机statev.正式提出，宣布agreementn.协议relievev.减轻pressuren.压力，麻烦extentn.程度volunteerv.自动提出，自愿gratituden.感激Pressn.新闻界objectv.不赞成，反对relievev.★减轻vt.①缓解，减轻Thiswillrelievepressureonthetrainstosomeextent.Thismedicinehasrelievedmytoothache.vt.②使……宽心/宽慰，松一口气Hewasmuchrelievedtohearthattheoperationhadbeensuccessful.Thenewsrelievedtewholefamily.volunteerv.★自动提出，自愿vt.&vi.①自愿，自动提出，自愿提供Somecollegestudentshavevolunteeredtodrivebuseswhilethestrikelasts.Afterthefire,manypeoplevolunteeredtheirservices.Frankhasvolunteeredforthearmy.n.②自愿参加者，志愿者Arethereanyvolunteersforatry?有自愿试一试的人吗？Pressn.★新闻界（集合名词）Ianisamemberofthepress.Thepressis/arewaitingtoseethepresident.记者们在等着见总统。【Text】Busmenhavedecidedtogoonstrikenextweek.ThestrikeisduetobeginonTuesday.Nooneknowshowlongitwilllast.Thebusmenhavestatedthatthestrikewillcontinueuntilgeneralagreementisreachedaboutpay348.andworkingconditions.Mostpeoplebelievethatthestrikewilllastforatleastaweek.Manyownersofprivatecarsaregoingtooffer\'freerides\'topeopleontheirwaytowork.Thiswillrelievepressureonthetrainstosomeextent.Meanwhile,anumberofuniversitystudentshavevolunteeredtodrivebuseswhilethestrikelasts.Allthestudentsareexpertdrivers,butbeforetheydriveanyofthebuses,theywillhavetopassaspecialtest.Thestudentsaregoingtotakethetestintwodays\'time.Evenso,peoplearegoingtofinditdifficulttogettowork.Butsofar,thepublichasexpresseditsgratitudetothestudentsinletterstothePress.Onlyoneortwopeoplehaveobjectedthatthestudentswilldrivetoofast!参考译文公共汽车司机决定下星期罢工。罢工定于星期二开始，谁也不知道会持续多久。司机们声称此次罢工将一直持续到就工资和工作条件问题达成全面协议的时候为止。多数人认为此次罢工至少会持续一个星期。很多私人汽车的车主正准备为乘车上班的人们提供“免费乘车”的服务，这将在某种程度上减轻对火车的压力。与此同时，有一部分大学生自愿在罢工期间驾驶公共汽车。所有的学生都是开车的能手，但在驾驶公共汽车之前，他们必须通过一项专门测验。学生们准备在两天后就接受测验。即使这样，人们仍会感到上班有困难。但到目前为止，公众已经向新闻界写信表达他们对学生们的感激之情了。只有一两个人提出反对意见，说学生们会把车开得太快！【课文讲解】1、Busmenhavedecidedtogoonstrikenextweek.goonstrike举行罢工onstrike在罢工Itisnotclearyetwhentheteachersonstrikewillreturntotheirclassrooms.2、ThestrikeisduetobeginonTuesday.dueadj.预定的，约定的beduetodosth.定于（某时做某事）Theplaneisdue(toarrive)inLondonat9o’clock.bedueto+n.由于……，因为……Ourdelaywasduetotheheavytraffic.3、Manyownersofprivatecarsaregoingtooffer\'freerides\'topeopleontheirwaytowork.freeride免费乘车4、Thiswillrelievepressureonthetrainstosomeextent.tosomeextent=toacertainextent在某种程度上Theweatherhashelpedmetosome/acertainextent.5、Onlyoneortwopeoplehaveobjectedthatthestudentswilldrivetoofast!objectthat…提出异议，反对Theyobjectedthatthebookwastoodifficultforthem.objectto名词/动名词反对，不喜欢，不赞成Alotofpeopleobjecttosmokinginpublicplaces.Doyouobjecttomysittingbesideyou?【SpecialDifficulties】349.it作先行宾语在主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语的句型中，常用it作先行宾语，真正的宾语为后面的动词不定式或从句：Peoplearegoingtofinditdifficulttogettowork.常用这种结构的动词有：find，think，consider，feel，make，keep等：Shefeltitrightforthemtoarrestthethief.Theyconsideritimpossibletofinishtheworkinthreedays.Lesson85Nevertoooldtolearn【Newwordsandexpressions】（14）informv.告诉，通知headmastern.校长contributev.捐助，援助giftn.礼物，赠品albumn.签名簿，相册patiencen.耐心encouragementn.鼓励farewelln.告别honourn.敬意coincidencen.巧合totaln.总数devotev.致力于gardeningn.园艺hobbyn.爱好，嗜好informv.★告诉，通知vt.①通知，告知informsb.ofsth.通知某人……Whoinformedyouabout/ofthis?informthat…通知……hewasinformedthathewouldreceiveanextrathousandpoundsayear.tellsb.sth.告诉某人某事tellsb.that告诉某人……vi.②告发，检举（与against/on连用）Heusedtoinformagainsthisclassmates.Severalpeoplehaveinformedonhim.devotev.★致力于devoteto+doing致力于……（to是介词）Idevotemyselftoteaching.Hedevotedhimselftomakingmoney.objectto+doingsth.farewelln.★告别350.farewelln.告别，再见；adj.告别（比goodbye更正式）Farewell!再会！一路平安！Hesaidfarewelltohismotherandgotontheplane.WhenFrankretired,theyheldafarewellparty.honourn.★敬意guardofhonour仪仗队inone\'shonour为纪念某人，对某人表示尊重Wewillgivehimapartyinhishonour.Wewillgivehimadinnerinhishonour.It\'smyhonour.是我的荣幸It\'smyhonourtodosth.做某件事情是我的荣幸It\'smyhonourtotalkwithyou.I\'mhonouredtodosth.我感到荣幸I\'mhonouredtotalkwithyou.I\'mhonouredtostandhereandgiveyoulessons.I\'mhonouredtobeyourteacher.【Text】Ihavejustreceivedaletterfrommyoldschool,informingmethatmyformerheadmaster,Mr.StuartPage,willberetiringnextweek.Pupilsoftheschool,oldandnew,willbesendinghimapresenttomarktheoccasion.Allthosewhohavecontributedtowardsthegiftwillsigntheirnamesinalargealbumwhichwillbesenttotheheadmaster\'shome.WeshallallrememberMr.Pageforhispatienceandunderstandingandforthekindlyencouragementhegaveuswhenwewentsounwillinglytoschool.AgreatmanyformerpupilswillbeattendingafarewelldinnerinhishonournextThursday.Itisacuriouscoincidencethatthedaybeforehisretirement,Mr.Pagewillhavebeenteachingforatotaloffortyyears.Afterhehasretired,hewilldevotehimselftogardening.Forhim,thiswillbeanentirelynewhobby.Butthisdoesnotmatter,for,ashehasoftenremarked,oneisnevertoooldtolearn.参考译文我刚刚收到母校的一封信，通知我说以前的校长斯图亚特.佩奇先生下星期就退休了。为了纪念这个日子，学校的学生——无论老同学还是新同学——将送他一件礼物。所有凑钱买此礼品的人都将自己的名字签在一本大签名簿上，签名簿将被送到校长的家里。我们不会忘记佩奇先生对我们既有耐心又充满理解，也不会忘记在我们不愿去上学时他给予我们的亲切鼓励。很多老同学都准备参加下星期四为他举行的告别宴会。佩奇先生退休的前一天正好是他执教满40年的日子，这真是奇妙的巧合。他退休后，将致力于园艺。对于他来说，这将是一种全新的爱好。但这没有关系，因为正如他常说的那样，人要活到老学到老。【课文讲解】1、Ihavejustreceivedaletterfrommyoldschool,informingmethatmyformerheadmaster,Mr.StuartPage,willberetiringnextweek.formeradj.前任的，以前的2、Pupilsoftheschool,oldandnew,willbesendinghimapresenttomarktheoccasion.student通指所有的学生；pupil指中小学的学生351.marktheoccasion纪念这一时候markn.标记；v.做标记，给……作记号/留痕迹；纪念Hemarkedallthefoodswhichwereforbiddenwitharedpencil.sendsb.sth.送某人……3、Allthosewhohavecontributedtowardsthegiftwillsigntheirnamesinalargealbumwhichwillbesenttotheheadmaster\'shome.contributetowards/tosth.为……捐款，提供给……Beforehisdeath,hecontributedalargesumofmoneytothechurch.AfewofuscontributedtowardsMary’spresentonherbirthday.allthosewho…willdosth.所有那些人都……Allthosewhowanttogoonanexcursionwillsigntheirnames.想去郊游的人签名Allthosewhowilltakepartinthesportsmeetingwillsigntheirnames.present和gift都表示“礼物，赠品”，但gift相对要正式些：Shehasjustreceivedabeautifulbirthdaypresent.Hemadeagiftof$60,000tohisoldschool.4、WeshallallrememberMr.Pageforhispatienceandunderstandingandforthekindlyencouragementhegaveuswhenwewentsounwillinglytoschool.remembersb.forsth.因为……记住某人，记得……的……bewillingtodosth.心甘情愿做某事Weshallallrememberhimforhishardwork5、AgreatmanyformerpupilswillbeattendingafarewelldinnerinhishonournextThursday.inone’shonour=inhonourofsb.为向……表示敬意，为纪念某人Manypeopleattendedthepartyinhonourofthenewmanager.Thisisafarewellperformanceinherhonour.6、Itisacuriouscoincidencethatthedaybeforehisretirement,Mr.Pagewillhavebeenteachingforatotaloffortyyears.It’sisacuriouscoincidencethat…纯属巧合，……真是奇异的巧合thedaybefore前一天；twodaysbefore前两天atotalof总共Themoneyshespentonthedinnerpartyreachedatotalof$200.7、Afterhehasretired,hewilldevotehimselftogardening.devoteoneselfto…致力于……，献身于，专心于（to为介词，后跟名词或动名词）Marydevotesherselftohelpingthepoor.Asaboy,Jimdevotedhimselftotennis.8、Forhim,thiswillbeanentirelynewhobby.entirely=completely完完全全地9、Butthisdoesnotmatter,for,ashehasoftenremarked,oneisnevertoooldtolearn.as+从句正如…Asyouknow,…正如你所知道的……352.【LetterWriting】一封信的结尾：Iamlookingforwardtoseeingyousoon.Bestregards,Tom可以用Bestwishes，Yours或Love结尾。签名必须清楚，必须落在信末尾的下面。如果信写完后还想作些补充，可以写在签名下面。在所写的附言之前必须加上P.S.两个字母，这是“又及”的意思。【SpecialDifficulties】TooandEnoughtooadv.太，过分enoughadv.足够，十分too和enough都可作程度副词，但too通常位于它所修饰的形容词/分词之前，enough则位于它所修饰的词之后。在含有不定式的句型里，too经常具有否定的含义，enough则表示达到必要的程度：Heistooheavyformetolift.Thepearisripeenoughformetoeat.Lesson86Outofcontrol【Newwordsandexpressions】（11）swingv.转向speedboatn.快艇desperatelyadv.绝望地companionn.同伙，伙伴waterski（由快艇牵引水橇）滑水buoyn.浮标dismayn.沮丧tremendousadj.巨大的petroln.汽油driftv.漂动，漂流gentlyadv.缓慢地，轻轻地swingv.★转向vt.&vi.①（使……）摆动/摇动Hecan’tstandthosewhoswingtheirlegswhileeating.Shetriedtoswingthebabytosleep.vt.&vi.②突然转向，使……转向/转身Themantriedtoswingthespeedboatround.Heswungroundandlookedatthetwomen.【Text】353.Asthemantriedtoswingthespeedboatround,thesteeringwheelcameawayinhishands.Hewaveddesperatelytohiscompanion,whohadbeenwaterskiingforthelastfifteenminutes.Bothmenhadhardlyhadtimetorealizewhatwashappeningwhentheywerethrownviolentlyintothesea.Thespeedboathadstruckabuoy,butitcontinuedtomoveveryquicklyacrossthewater.Bothmenhadjustbeguntoswimtowardstheshore,whentheynoticedwithdismaythatthespeedboatwasmovinginacircle.Itnowcamestraighttowardsthemattremendousspeed.Inlessthanaminute,itroaredpastthemonlyafewfeetaway.Afterithadpassed,theyswamonasquicklyastheycouldbecausetheyknewthattheboatwouldsoonreturn.Theyhadjusthadenoughtimetoswimoutofdangerwhentheboatagaincompletedacircle.Onthisoccasion,however,ithadsloweddownconsiderably.Thepetrolhadnearlyallbeenusedup.Beforelong,thenoisedroppedcompletelyandtheboatbegantodriftgentlyacrossthewater.参考译文当那人试图让快艇转弯时，方向盘脱手了。他绝望地向他的伙伴挥手，他的伙伴在过去的15分钟里一直在滑水。他们两个还没来得及意识到究竟发生了什么事情，就被猛地抛入了海里。快艇撞上了一个浮标，但它仍在水面上快速行驶着。两个人刚开始向岸边游去，就突然惊愕地发现快艇正在转着圈行驶它现在正以惊人的速度直冲他们驶来。不到1分钟的工夫，它从离他们只有几英尺远的地方呼啸着驶了过去。快艇过去之后，他们以最快的速度向前游去，因为他们知道快艇马上就要转回来。他们刚刚来得及游出危险区，快艇就又转完了一圈。然而这一次它的速度慢多了。汽油几乎已经用光。没过多久，噪音便彻底消失，快艇开始在水面上慢悠悠地漂流。【课文讲解】1、Outofcontroloutof失去，欠缺Weareoutofbread.Hehasbeenoutofworkfortwomonths.Theplanegotoutofcontrolandcrashedinthemountains.2、Asthemantriedtoswingthespeedboatround,thesteeringwheelcameawayinhishands.comeaway脱落，离开，脱离，脱开WhenItriedtoliftthesuitcase,thehandlecameaway.3、Onthisoccasion,however,ithadsloweddownconsiderably.onthisoccasion这一次4、Thepetrolhadnearlyallbeenusedup.useup耗尽，用光，用完Theyhavejustboughtahouseandacar.Theymusthaveusedupalltheirmoney.up表示“彻底地，完全地”，也可与其他一些动词连用：Thechildsoonateupthecake.Sheburnedupallhisletters.Canyoureadupthebookintwohours?5、Beforelong,thenoisedroppedcompletelyandtheboatbegantodriftgentlyacrossthewater.354.dropvi.减少，变弱，消失WhenhesawthatMarywasannoyed,hisvoicedropped.Wehadtostayathomebeforethewindhaddropped.【SpecialDifficulties】EnoughandFairlyenough表示“足够”，用在形容词或副词之后，有“为了某种目的”的含义I’moldenoughtoknowI’mdoing.Ididn’tarriveatthestationearlyenough.我到车站到得不够早（我误了火车）。fairly表示“相当”，通常修饰表示肯定意义的词：Thewaterinthepoolisfairlywarm,butnotwarmenoughtoswimin.Heisfairlyquick,butnotquickenoughtotakepartintherace.Lesson87Aperfectalibi【Newwordsandexpressions】（7）alibin.不在犯罪现场commitv.犯（罪、错）inspectorn.探长employern.雇主confirmv.确认，证实suggestv.提醒truthn.真相alibin.★不在犯罪现场，不在场证明，当时不在场的申辩（不可数名词）Ianhadanalibi/alibisforthatmorning.commitv.★犯（罪、错）vt.①犯（罪），做（错事、坏事等）Hehasnevercommittedanycrimebefore.Amurderwascommittedat8o’clockthismorning.vt.②承诺，使承担义务，卷入（经常与反身代词连用）Youshouldknoweachotherbetterbeforecommittingyourselvestomarriage.Hehascommittedhisfriendtotakingpartintherace.confirmv.★确认，证实vt.①证实，确定MyemployerwillconfirmthatIwasthereontime.Hiswordsareconfirmed.vt.②巩固，加强Hisexperiencesinthatcompanythatconfirmedhisdecisiontohaveafactoryofhisown.Whathesawandheardthatnightconfirmedhisbeliefthatthepubwashaunted.【Text】355.\'Atthetimethemurderwascommitted,Iwastravellingonthe8o\'clocktraintoLondon,\'saidtheman.\'Doyoualwayscatchsuchanearlytrain?\'askedtheinspector.\'OfcourseIdo,\'answeredtheman.\'Imustbeatworkat10o\'clock.MyemployerwillconfirmthatIwasthereontime.\'\'Wouldalatertraingetyoutoworkontime?\'askedtheinspector.\'Isupposeitwould,butInevercatchalatertrain.\'\'Atwhattimedidyouarriveatthestation?\'\'Attentoeight.Iboughtapaperandwaitedforthetrain.\'\'Andyoudidn\'tnoticeanythingunusual?\'\'Ofcoursenot.\'\'Isuggest,\'saidtheinspector,\'thatyouarenottellingthetruth.Isuggestthatyoudidnotcatchthe8o\'clocktrain,butthatyoucaughtthe8.25whichwouldstillgetyoutoworkontime.Yousee,onthemorningofthemurder,the8o\'clocktraindidnotrunatall.ItbrokedownatFerngreenstationandwastakenofftheline.\'参考译文“在凶杀发生的时候，我正坐在8点钟开往伦敦的火车上。”那人说。“您总是赶这样早的火车？”探长问。“当然是的，”那人回答。“我必须在10点钟上班，我的雇主会证明我是按时到了那儿的。”“晚一点儿的车也能送您按时上班吗？”“我认为可以，但我从来不乘晚一点儿的车。”“您几点钟到的火车站？”“7点50分。我买了张报纸，等着车来。”“您没有注意到有什么异常情况发生吗？”“当然没有。”“我提醒您，”探长说，“您讲的不是实话。您乘的不是8点钟的火车，而是8点25分的，这次车同样能使您按时上班。您看，在凶杀发生的那天早晨，8点钟的那次车根本没有发。它在芬格林车站出了故障而被取消了。”【课文讲解】1、Andyoudidn\'tnoticeanythingunusual?这是一个陈述疑问句，如：You’reoutofwork?不定代词anything，something等被形容词修饰时，形容词必须跟在不定代词之后：Thisisn’tanythingimportant.I’dlikesomethingcheaper.2、Isuggest,\'saidtheinspector,\'thatyouarenottellingthetruth.Isuggest(that)…依我看……，恐怕……Isuggestthatheisnotsohonestashelooks.Isuggestthatthecarcrashwasnotaccidental.3、Yousee,onthemorningofthemurder,the8o\'clocktraindidnotrunatall.yousee在口语中经常作为插入语出现，句首、句中或句尾均可以，表示“你知道，事实上”等含义：Hewasnotreallyinterestedinfilm,yousee.Mylegisn’tallrightyet,yousee,soIcan’tclimbthehillwithyou.356.run可以指火车、公共汽车、船等“定时/定期行驶，（在两地间）往来”：ThisshiprunsbetweenDoverandCalais.Lesson88Trappedinamine【Newwordsandexpressions】（12）trapv.陷入，使陷于困境surfacen.地面，表面explosiven.炸药vibrationn.震动collapsev.坍塌drillv.钻孔capsulen.容器layern.层beneathprep.在......之下lowerv.放下，降低progressv.进展，进行smoothlyadv.顺利地collapsev.★坍塌vi.①倒塌Ifexplosivesareused,vibrationswillcausetheroofoftheminetocollapse.Withnoonetorepairit,theoldchurchcollapsedlongago.vi.②（因精疲力竭）倒下；（身体等）垮掉Aftermanyyears’hardwork,mymother’shealthcollapsed.Hehadrunmorethanfortymiles.Assoonashewasoutofdanger,hecollapsed.【Text】Sixmenhavebeentrappedinamineforseventeenhours.Iftheyarenotbroughttothesurfacesoontheymaylosetheirlives.However,rescueoperationsareprovingdifficult.Ifexplosivesareused,vibrationswillcausetheroofoftheminetocollapse.Rescueworkersarethereforedrillingaholeonthenorthsideofthemine.Theyintendtobringthemenupinaspecialcapsule.Iftherehadnotbeenahardlayerofrockbeneaththesoil,theywouldhavecompletedthejobinafewhours.Asitis,theyhavebeendrillingforsixteenhoursandtheystillhavealongwaytogo.Meanwhile,amicrophone,whichwasloweredintotheminetwohoursago,hasenabledthementokeepintouchwiththeirclosestrelatives.Thoughtheyarerunningoutoffoodanddrink,themenarecheerfulandconfidentthattheywillgetoutsoon.Theyhavebeentoldthatrescueoperationsareprogressingsmoothly.Iftheyknewhowdifficultitwastodrillthroughthehardrock,theywouldloseheart.参考译文6个人被困在矿井里已有17个小时了。如果不把他们尽快救到地面上来，他们就有可能丧生。然而，事实证明营救工作非常困难。如果用炸药爆破，震动会引起矿顶塌落。因此，营救人员在矿井的北侧钻了一个洞。他们准备用一种特制的容器把这6个人救上来。如果不是因为土壤下面有一层坚硬的岩石，他们的营救工作仅用几个小时就可以完成了。实际情况是，他们已连续钻了16个小时了，但离钻透还早着呢。与此同时，两个小时以前放下井去的一只麦克风使井下的人可以与其亲属保持联系。虽然他们的357.食物和饮料都快消耗尽了，但这些人的心情很好，坚信他们很快就会出去。他们一直被告知营救工作进行得非常顺利。如果他们知道了钻透那坚硬的岩石有多么困难，他们会丧失信心的。【课文讲解】1、However,rescueoperationsareprovingdifficult.rescueoperations营救工作provevt.证明是，结果是Whathehadtoldusprovedfalse.2、Rescueworkersarethereforedrillingaholeonthenorthsideofthemine.thereforeadv.因此，所以（可独立使用，也可位于动词前）Thenewflatislargerandthereforemoreexpensive.Hisparentsgavehimsomemoney,andhewasthereforeabletobuyacar.soconj.所以，因此（不能放在动词前）Wearrivedearly,sowegotgoodseats.3、Asitis,theyhavebeendrillingforsixteenhoursandtheystillhavealongwaytogo.asitis=asitwas事实上，实际上Ithoughttheywouldhelpus.Asitwas,theyjustsatthereandlookedon.Ipromisedtoreturnbooksyesterday.Asitis,Iwon’tbeabletodosountilnextMonday.4、Meanwhile,amicrophone,whichwasloweredintotheminetwohoursago,hasenabledthementokeepintouchwiththeirclosestrelatives.enablevt.使……能够Thehubbletelescopewillenableustohaveabetterunderstandingofthedistantstarsandgalaxies.前缀en-加在名词或形容词前可以使这个词成为动词，如endanger（危及，使遭受危险），enlarge（扩大，扩展，扩充），enslave（奴役，使成为奴隶），entrap（使……入陷阱/圈套，欺骗）keepintouchwith与……保持联系（可以用stay，get等其他动词）GeorgeisinclosetouchwithIan.Canyougetintouchwiththecompany?5、Thoughtheyarerunningoutoffoodanddrink,themenarecheerfulandconfidentthattheywillgetoutsoon.runoutof用完，用尽6、Iftheyknewhowdifficultitwastodrillthroughthehardrock,theywouldloseheart.loseheart失望，丧失信心/勇气，泄气，灰心Seeingthattheenemywasmuchstrongerthanthemselves,thesoldierslostheartatonce.358.【SpecialDifficulties】与run有关的短语runoutof用完，耗尽Theyarerunningoutoffoodanddrink.Hehasrunoutofmoney.runafter追赶，追逐Seeingthathissisterwasannoyed,heranafterhertoapologize.runover在……驶过/辗过Thecarranoverasnake/hislegs.runin试车，试转（发动机等）Johnisrunninghisnewcarin.Runintheenginebeforeyoustartwork.runinto偶然碰见IranintoMaryandJaneintheflowershop.HeranintoSterlingswhiletravellinginItaly.Lesson89Aslipofthetongue【Newwordsandexpressions】（7）slipn.小错误comedyn.喜剧presentv.演出；adj.出席，到场的queuev.排队dulladj.枯燥，无味artisten.艺人advertisern.报幕员slipn.★小错误，失误，疏漏You’vemadesomeslips(ofthepen)inyourreport.Whenhewasnervous,hewouldsometimesmakeaslipoftongue.【Text】Peoplewilldoanythingtoseeafreeshow--evenifitisabadone.WhenthenewsgotroundthatacomedyshowwouldbepresentedatourlocalcinemabytheP.andU.BirdSeedCompany,weallrushedtoseeit.Wehadtoqueueforhourstogetinandtheremusthavebeenseveralhundredpeoplepresentjustbeforetheshowbegan.Unfortunately,theshowwasoneofthedullestwehaveeverseen.Thosewhofailedtogetinneednothavefeltdisappointed,asmanyoftheartisteswhoshouldhaveappeareddidnotcome.Theonlyfunnythingsweheardthateveningcamefromtheadvertiseratthebeginningoftheprogramme.Hewasobviouslyverynervousandforsomeminutesstoodawkwardlybeforethemicrophone.Assoonasheopenedhismouth,everyoneburstoutlaughing.Weallknowwhatthepoormanshouldhavesaid,butwhatheactuallysaidwas:\'ThisisthePooandEeSeedBirdCompany.Goodladies,eveningandgentlemen!"参考译文人们总要想尽办法看不花钱的演出——哪怕是拙劣的演出。当“皮尤”鸟食公司将在我们当地影院演359.出喜剧节目的消息传开后，我们都赶紧跑去观看。我们不得不排了好几个小时才进得场去。在演出开始前场内肯定已有好几百人了。不幸的是，这次演出是我们看过的最乏味的演出了。那些没能进到场内的人没有必要感到失望，因为很多应该出场的专业演员都没有来。那天晚上唯一有趣的事情是节目开始时那个报幕员的开场白。他显然非常紧张，局促不安地在麦克风前站了好几分钟。但他刚一开口说话，人们便哄堂大笑起来。我们都明白那个可怜的人应该说些什么，而他实际说的却是：“这是‘浦伊’鸟食公司，好女士们，晚上和先生们！”【课文讲解】1、Aslipofthetongueaslipofthetongue口误，说走了嘴，失言Areyousurethatitwasjustaslipoftongue?你确信那只是一时口误吗？2、Peoplewilldoanythingtoseeafreeshow--evenifitisabadone.anything用于肯定句时表示“不论什么，任何事情”，toseeafreeshow表示目的，也可以用for+名词形式：Hewilldoanythingtosavehischild’slife.Hewilldoanythingforthechild.3、WhenthenewsgotroundthatacomedyshowwouldbepresentedatourlocalcinemabytheP.andU.BirdSeedCompany,weallrushedtoseeit.getround=getaround/about四处传遍，（消息、谣言等）传开Thewordsoongotroundthattherewasburiedtreasureinthatcave.Badnewsgetsroundquickly.4、Assoonasheopenedhismouth,everyoneburstoutlaughing.burstout突然……起来（后面常接动名词，或in/into+名词）Whensheheardthatherfatherhaddiedintheaccident,sheburstoutcrying.Atthesightofthedrunk,everyoneburstoutlaughing/inlaughter.【SpecialDifficulties】FreeandSinglefreeadj.①免费的，无偿的Shehasgotsomefreetickettothecomedyshow.Thepeoplearefreetochoosewhowillgovernthem.adj.②自由的，没束缚的，不受控制的，空闲的Youarefreetomakeyourowndecision.I’mfreeonFridayevening.singleadj.单身的，独身的，未婚的Ienjoybeingsingle.Areyoumarriedorsingle?asingleparent单亲（独自一人养育儿女的父亲或母亲）360.QueueandRowqueuevi.①排队Wehadtoqueueforhourstogetin.Shehastoqueueforthebuseverymorning.n.②（按顺序等待的人、车等的）行列、队（通常为纵队）There’salongqueue/lineofpeoplewaitingforthebus.We’dbetterjointhequeuefortickets.rown.（人或物的）一排、一行（通常为横的）Youcanseemeinthisoldphoto,standinginthebackrow.Pleaseputthedesksinfourrows.Funnyadj.①有趣的，滑稽的，逗人发笑的（与amusing同义）Heincludedalargenumberoffunnystoriesinhisspeech.adj.②反常的，古怪的，奇怪的（口语）Ithoughttherewassomethingfunnyabouttheparcel,soIphonedthepolice.ThismorningIsawherwearingafunnyhatwhichlookedlikealighthouse.Lesson90What\'sforsupper?【Newwordsandexpressions】（15）chipn.油煎土豆片overfishv.过度捕捞giantadj.巨大的terrifyv.吓，使恐怖divern.潜小员oilrig石油钻塔witn.（复数）理智，头脑cagen.笼sharkn.鲨鱼whalen.鲸varietyn.品种codn.鳕skaten.鳐factorn.因素crewn.全体工作人员overfishv.★过度捕捞over做前缀，表示“过度的”overdressed打扮的过了份；well-dressed打扮的很好Iovercooktherice.我把饭做糊了。Youoverdidit.你过分了。361.giantadj.★巨大的giant=hugequantitybig/large/great/huge/immense/fantastictremendousadj.巨大的（大的让人不相信，惊讶）enormousadj.巨大的（大的让人不相信，惊讶）Thisisatremendousshoe.Thisistremendousandenormous.giantn.巨人；adj.像巨人一样的terrifyv.★吓，使恐怖terrify/horrify恐惧（主语是吓人者，宾语是被吓者）Thethief/robberterrifiedme.Thesnaketerrifiedme.fear/beafraidof害怕……（主语是人）frighten/scare吓了一跳（主语是物，吓了一跳，但很快就恢复了平静，主语是吓人者，宾语是被吓者）Youfrightenme.你吓了我一跳witn.★（复数）理智，头脑outofone\'swits吓个半死Thesnaketerrifiedmeoutofmywits.Shewasfrightenedoutofherwitsbythegreatfire.大火吓得她惊慌失措。Areyououtofyourwits?你疯了吗？beatsb.tomummy打个半死，失去理智，惊慌失措varietyn.★品种（品种的多样性）varietyshow综艺节目various=allkindsofadj.各种各样的crewn.★全体工作人员（指在飞机上或船上的工作人员）staffn.办公室的全体工作人员crew和staff属于集合名词，可能会做单数，可能会做复数。special★adj.①特殊的，特别的，独特的HereceivedspecialcarewhileinParis.adj.②专门的，特制的，专用的Specialcagesaremadetoprotectthemfromgiantfish.【Text】FishandchipshasalwaysbeenafavouritedishinBritain,butastheoceanshavebeenoverfished,fishhasbecomemoreandmoreexpensive.SoitcomesasasurprisetolearnthatgiantfishareterrifyingthediversonNorthSeaoilrigs.Oilrigshavetoberepairedfrequentlyanddivers,whooftenhavetoworkindarknessahundredfeetunderwater,havebeenfrightenedoutoftheirwitsbygiantfishbumpingintothemastheywork.Nowtheyhavehadspecialcagesmadetoprotectthemfromthesemonsters.Thefisharenotsharksorkillerwhales,butfavouriteeatingvarietieslikecodandskatewhichgrowtounnaturalsizes,sometimesasmuchas362.twelvefeetinlength.Threefactorshavecausedthesefishtogrowsolarge:thewarmwaterroundthehotoilpipesunderthesea;theplentifulsupplyoffoodthrownoverboardbythecrewsontherigs;thetotalabsenceoffishingboatsaroundtheoilrigs.Asaresult,thefishjusteatandeatandgrowandgrowinthelovelywarmwater.Whoeatswho?参考译文油煎鱼加炸土豆片一直是英国人喜爱的一道菜，但是随着海洋里的滥捕滥捞，鱼已经变得越来越昂贵。因此，听说北海石油钻井平台上的潜水员受到巨型鱼类的恐吓，确实很让人吃惊。钻井平台需要经常修理，潜水员常常要在水面100英尺以下摸黑工作，他们曾在工作时被撞到他们身上的大鱼吓得惊惶失措。现在他们有了特制的笼子，用来保护他们免受大鱼的侵袭。这些鱼并不是鲨鱼或逆戟鲸，而是深受人们喜爱的食用鱼品种，如鳕鱼和鳐鱼，只不过它们长得出奇地大，有时长达12英尺。这些鱼能长得这么大是由3个因素造成的：海底热的输油管道附近的温暖的海水；钻井平台工作人员抛到海里充足的食物；钻井平台周围根本没有捕鱼船只。结果是，这些鱼就在可爱的温暖的水流中吃呀吃，长呀长。究竟谁吃谁呢？【课文讲解】1、What\'sforsupper?What\'sforbreakfast?Ihaveeggs/nothingforbreakfast.2、FishandchipshasalwaysbeenafavouritedishinBritain,butastheoceanshavebeenoverfished,fishhasbecomemoreandmoreexpensive.fishandchips（鱼和炸土豆片，传统英国食物，是一道菜）被看作是一个整体，因此，虽然chips是复数形式，它后面却要跟动词的单数形式。dish在这里指“一盘菜”或“菜肴”、“食品”：IlikeFrenchdishes.我喜欢（吃）法国菜。Wouldyoulikeasweetdish?您要一盘甜食吗？moreandmore越来越……（多音节用moreandmore加原级）moreandmoreinterestingIloveyoumoreandmoreeachdayastimegoesby.随着时间的流逝我每一天越来越爱你。fatterandfatter越来越胖（单音节直接加er,然后用and连接）3、SoitcomesasasurprisetolearnthatgiantfishareterrifyingthediversonNorthSeaoilrigs.itcomesasasurprise+todosth./that某事令人惊讶Itcomesasasurprisethatitrains/snows.Itcomesasasurprisetohavefourlessonsinthreehours.令人吃惊的表达：toone’ssurprise①Themostsurprisingthingaboutitisthat②getasurprise③Whatasurpriseitis④Itcomesasasurprise+todosth./that⑤4、Oilrigshavetoberepairedfrequentlyanddivers,whooftenhavetoworkindarknessahundredfeet363.underwater,havebeenfrightenedoutoftheirwitsbygiantfightbumpingintothemastheywork.bumpinto①碰上，撞上Wanderingindarkness,thedrunkbumpedintoapoliceman.那醉汉在黑夜中闲荡时撞到了一个警察的身上。②偶然遇见，碰见（多用于口语）IbumpedintoJaneattheconference.我开会时碰见了简。5、Nowtheyhavehadspecialcagesmadetoprotectthemfromthesemonsters.protectsb.from+n.保护……使之不受侵害（protect常与from或against连用）Thiscoatwillprotectyouagainstthecold.Hetriedtoprotectthechildfromtherain/thedog.6、Thefisharenotsharksorkillerwhales,butfavouriteeatingvarietieslikecodandskatewhichgrowtounnaturalsizes,sometimesasmuchastwelvefeetinlength.not…but…不是……而是……eatingadj.供食用的；宜生食的favouriteeatingvariety深受人们喜爱的食用的品种Eatingcornisquitesweet.食用玉米很香甜。Theseareeatingapples,andthosearecookingapples/ones.这些是生吃的苹果，那些是烹饪用的苹果。growto长到asmuchas像……一样（最大限度）+数字asmuchasfivemeterstallasfaras+从句asfarasIcouldget长宽高深的表达方式①数词+量词+adj.twofeetdeep②数词+量词+in+名词long-length；high-height；wide–width；deep-depthtwofeetindepth7、Threefactorshavecausedthesefishtogrowsolarge:thewarmwaterroundthehotoilpipesunderthesea;theplentifulsupplyoffoodthrownoverboardbythecrewsontherigs;thetotalabsenceoffishingboatsaroundtheoilrigs.causesb.todosth.导致……grow+adj.变得……growlargeplentifulsupplyof………的充足供应plentifulsupplyofmoney/workersthrowsth.overboard=throwaway扔掉throwtherubbishoverboardtotal在这里表示“完全的，彻底的”（相当于complete）Hisletterisatotalsurprisetoher.Thatgirlisatotalstrangertome.364.absenceof缺少，不存在Theseplantsdon’tgrowwellbecauseoftheabsenceofrain/sunshine.totalabsenceof…完全没有……totalabsenceofmind心不在焉Thetotalabsenceofmindcausedhimtofailtheexam.thetotalabsenceoforder…没有秩序8、Asaresult,thefishjusteatandeatandgrowandgrowinthelovelywarmwater.asaresult=so结果是，因此Hedidn’tworkhardatmathematics.Asaresult,hefailedintheexamination.asaresultof=becauseof因为……Asaresultofhishardwork,hesucceeded.【SpecialDifficulties】被看作整体的、用and连接的两个名词当主语是and连接的两个名词时，谓语通常用复数形式：Anumbrellaandasuitcasearestillneeded.有些名词由于经常在一起连用，就把它们看成一个整体（或一个单位），因而成了一种复合名词。它们不仅有固定的词序，且后面的谓语动词通常要用单数形式。这类复合名词有：baconandeggs（咸肉和鸡蛋），breadandbutter（面包和黄油），cheeseandwine（奶酷和葡萄酒），fishandchips（鱼和油炸土豆片），aknifeandfork（一副刀叉），sausage(s)andmash（香肠和土豆泥）。通常被作为单数看待的有一道菜和一套东西。FishandchipsisapopularmealinBritain.如果把两个名词看成是分开的东西，动词就要用复数：Fishandchipsmakeagoodmeal.Lesson91Threemeninabasket【Newwordsandexpressions】（5）balloonn.气球royaladj.皇家spyv.侦察trackn.轨迹，踪迹binocularsn.望远镱spyv.★侦察vi.①暗中监视；侦察（通常与on，upon连用）Inoticedsomepolicemenspyingontheforeigntourists.vt.②发现，看见Shespiedacloudofsmokeinthedistance.Hespiedastrangerinhisgarden.n.③间谍，密探Hewasonceaspyforthepolice/Britishgovernment.Theyhavearrestedthreespies.365.【Text】ApilotnoticedaballoonwhichseemedtobemakingforaRoyalAirForceStationnearby.Heinformedthestationatonce,butnoonetherewasabletoexplainthemystery.Theofficerinthecontroltowerwasveryangrywhenheheardthenews,becauseballoonscanbeagreatdangertoaircraft.Hesaidthatsomeonemightbespyingonthestationandthepilotwasorderedtokeeptrackofthestrangeobject.Thepilotmanagedtocircletheballoonforsometime.Hecouldmakeoutthreemeninabasketunderitandoneofthemwasholdingapairofbinoculars.Whentheballoonwasoverthestation,thepilotsawoneofthementakingphotographs.Soonafterwards,theballoonbegantodescendanditlandednearanairfield.Thepolicewerecalledin,buttheycouldnotarrestanyone,forthebasketcontainedtwoMembersofParliamentandtheCommandingOfficerofthestation!AstheCommandingOfficerexplainedlater,onehalfofthestationdidnotknowwhattheotherhalfwasdoing!参考译文一个飞行员发现了一只气球，它像是正飞往附近的一个皇家空军基地。他马上把情况报告了该基地，但那里的人没有一个能解释这到底是怎么回事。控制塔上的官员得知这一消息后，非常气愤，因为气球有可能给飞机造成极大的危险。他说可能有人正对基地进行侦察，因此命令那个飞行员跟踪那个奇怪的飞行物。飞行员设法绕着气球飞了一阵。他看清了气球下面有3个人呆在一只筐里，其中一个举着望远镜。当气球飞临基地上空时，飞行员看见有一个人在拍照。不久，气球开始降落，在一个停机坪附近着了陆。警察被召来了，但他们却不能逮捕任何人，因为筐里是两名国会议员和一名基地的指挥官！正如指挥官后来解释的那样，基地的这半边不知道那半边正在干什么！【课文讲解】1、ApilotnoticedaballoonwhichseemedtobemakingforaRoyalAirForceStationnearby.seemtobedoingsth.似乎正在做……Sheseemstobelookingforsomebody/something.makefor走向，飞向，向……前进AfterleavingCalais,theshipmadeforDover.2、Hesaidthatsomeonemightbespyingonthestationandthepilotwasorderedtokeeptrackofthestrangeobject.keeptrackof跟踪，追踪，保持联系，记录（反义词为losetrackof）Keeptrackofthemanwearingagreyhat.Helookssuspicioustome.Shemanagedtokeeptrackofherfriends.3、Hecouldmakeoutthreemeninabasketunderitandoneofthemwasholdingapairofbinoculars.makeout（勉强）看出，辨认出，听出Ican’tmakeouttheboss’shandwriting.Inthedarknessofnight,hecouldjustmakeoutthreemencomingtowardthem.4、Thepolicewerecalledin,buttheycouldnotarrestanyone,forthebasketcontainedtwoMembersofParliamentandtheCommandingOfficerofthestation!callin召来Whenhediscoveredthatsomeimportantthinsweremissinginhisroom,hecalledthepolicein.Samhasatemperature.We’dbettercallinadoctor.【SpecialDifficulties】366.与make连用的短语makeout①写出，填写（相当于writeout）Hemadeoutachequeof1,000dollarsandgaveittothesecretary.②（勉强）看出，辨认出，听出，理解Canyoumakeoutwhattheyaretalkingabout?Ican’tmakeouttheboss’shandwriting.Janeisangryagain.SometimesIcan’tmakeheroutatall.Hermoodschangequickly.Icouldnotmakeoutwhathesaid.makeup①编造，捏造，虚构Everytimeheplayedtruant,Tomwouldmakeupanexcuse.②（给……）化妆/化装Shealwaysmakesherselfup/makesupherfacebeforegoingout.Makinguptakesupalotofhertime.makeupfor补偿，弥补Ihadtowalkfastertomakeupforlosttime.Shemanagedtomakeupforhermistake.makefor（匆匆）走向，向……前进Whilethethiefwasmakingforhiscar,apolicemanstoppedhim.Lesson92Askingfortrouble【Newwordsandexpressions】（5）fastadv.熟（睡）laddern.梯子shedn.棚子sarcasticadj.讽刺的，讥笑的tonen.语气，腔调tonen.★语气，腔调n.①语气，口气，腔调Thepolicemanansweredinasarcastictone.n.②语调，声调Youshouldusetherising/fallingtoneattheendofthissentence.n.③格调，风格，气氛Herdresshasabrighttone.Thebuildinghasaforeigntone.【Text】ItmusthavebeenabouttwointhemorningwhenIreturnedhome.Itriedtowakeupmywifebyringingthedoorbell,butshewasfastasleep,soIgotaladderfromtheshedinthegarden,putitagainstthewall,andbeganclimbingtowardsthebedroomwindow.Iwasalmosttherewhenasarcasticvoicebelowsaid,\'Idon\'tthinkthe367.windowsneedcleaningatthistimeofthenight.\'IlookeddownandnearlyfellofftheladderwhenIsawapoliceman.IimmediatelyregrettedansweringinthewayIdid,butIsaid,\'Ienjoycleaningwindowsatnight.\'\'SodoI,\'answeredthepolicemaninthesametone.\'Excusemyinterruptingyou.Ihatetointerruptamanwhenhe\'sbusyworking,butwouldyoumindcomingwithmetothestation?\'\'Well,I\'dprefertostayhere,\'Isaid.\'Yousee.I\'veforgottenmykey.\'\'Yourwhat?\'hecalled.\'Mykey,\'Ishouted.Fortunately,theshoutingwokeupmywifewhoopenedthewindowjustasthepolicemanhadstartedtoclimbtowardsme.参考译文我回到家时，肯定已是凌晨两点左右了。我按响了门铃，试图唤醒我的妻子，但她睡得很熟。于是，我从花园的小棚里搬来了一个梯子，把它靠在墙边，开始向卧室的窗口爬去。快要爬到窗口时，下面一个人用讽刺的口吻说：“我看不必在夜里这个时候擦窗子吧。”我向下面看去。当我看清是一个警察时差一点儿从梯子上掉下去。我回答了他的话，但马上又后悔不该那样说，我是这样说的：“我喜欢在夜里擦窗子。”“我也是的，”警察用同样的声调回答，“请原谅我打断了您。当一个人在忙着干活时，我是不愿意去打断他的，但请您跟我到警察局去一趟好吗？”“可我更愿意呆在这儿，”我说，“您瞧，我忘带钥匙了。”“什么？”他大声问。“钥匙！”我喊道。幸运得很，这喊声惊醒了我的妻子。就在警察开始向我爬上来时，她打开了窗子。【课文讲解】1、Askingfortroubleaskfortrouble自找麻烦，自计苦吃（多用于口语）Thebossseemstobeannoyed.Totalktohimnowistoaskfortrouble.2、Idon\'tthinkthewindowsneedcleaningatthistimeofthenight.有些动词如think，believe，expect，suppose等后接表示否定意思的宾语从句时，通常在主句中使用否定形式，但译成汉语时否定意义仍在宾语从句中。Idon’tbelieveheisstillinLondon.need表示“需要”时，后面接动名词有被动的含义。needcleaning=needtobecleaned3、IimmediatelyregrettedansweringinthewayIdid,butIsaid,\'Ienjoycleaningwindowsatnight.\'regretdoingsth.后悔做了……（对已发生的事情表示后悔）Iregrettedsayingitalmostatonce.regrettodosth.遗憾……（对现在要发生的事表示抱歉）Weregrettoinformyouthatyouneedn’tcomeherenextweek.remember/forget+todosth.指末来的动作Irememberedtoposttheletters.我记着去邮信了。（没有忘记）IforgottoaskTom.我忘了去问汤姆。remember/forgetdoingsth.指过去的动作（已发生过）Irememberposting/havingpostedtheletters.368.Haveyouforgottenmeeting/havingmetherataparty?你忘记了曾在一次聚会上见过她吗？stoptodosth.指目的OnthewaytothestationIstoppedtobuyapaper.stopdoingsth.停下正在做的动作Whenhetoldusthestory,wejustcouldn’tstoplaughing.【SpecialDifficulties】用于并列补充句和反应句的so和neither/norso和neither/nor用于并列补充句和表示反应的句子时表示“也，同样”，so用于肯定句，neither/nor用于否定句。它们后面跟的是省略形式的分句，只有助动词+主语，也可以是情态助动词+主语：JohncanspeakFrenchandsocanI.Ididn’tgottothemeetinglastnight.Neither/NordidI.Youshouldn’tworksohardandnorshouldI.Lesson93Anoblegift【Newwordsandexpressions】（13）nobleadj.高尚的，壮丽的monumentn.纪念碑statuen.雕像libertyn.自由presentv.赠送sculptorn.雕刻家actualadj.实际的，真实的coppern.铜supportv.支持，支撑frameworkn.构架，框架transportv.运送siten.场地pedestaln.底座supportv.★支持，支撑vt.①支持，支撑（某个具体东西）Theactualfigurewassupportedbyametalframework.Feelingweak,shesupportedherselfagainstadeskandrestedforashorttime.vt.②拥护，赞成，支持（人、想法等）Hemadetherightdecision.Unfortunately,nobodysupportedhim.Isupportedhisopinionthatanotherbridgeshouldbebuiltovertheriver.vt.③抚养，供养，赡养Youneedahighincomethesedaystosupportalargefamily.Mysoncansupporthimselfnow.【Text】369.Oneofthemostfamousmonumentsintheworld,theStatueofLiberty,waspresentedtotheUnitedStatesofAmericainthenineteenthcenturybythepeopleofFrance.Thegreatstatue,whichwasdesignedbythesculptorAugusteBartholdi,tooktenyearstocomplete.TheactualfigurewasmadeofcoppersupportedbyametalframeworkwhichhadbeenespeciallyconstructedbyEiffel.BeforeitcouldbetransportedtotheUnitedStates,asitehadtobefoundforitandapedestalhadtobebuilt.ThesitechosenwasanislandattheentranceofNewYorkHarbour.By1884,astatuewhichwas151feettallhadbeenerectedinParis.Thefollowingyear,itwastakentopiecesandsenttoAmerica.BytheendofOctober1886,thestatuehadbeenputtogetheragainanditwasofficiallypresentedtotheAmericanpeoplebyBartholdi.Eversincethen,thegreatmonumenthasbeenasymboloflibertyforthemillionsofpeoplewhohavepassedthroughNewYorkHarbourtomaketheirhomesinAmerica.参考译文世界上最著名的纪念碑之一的自由女神雕像是在19世纪时由法国人民赠送给美国的。这座由雕像家奥古斯特.巴索尔地设计的巨大雕像是用10年时间雕像刻成的。这座雕像的主体是用铜制成的，由艾菲尔特制的金属框架支撑着。在雕像被运往美国之前，必须为它选好一块场地，同时必须建造一个基座。场地选在了纽约港入口处的一个鸟上。到1884年，一座高度达151英尺的雕像在巴黎竖立起来了。第二年，它被拆成若干小块，运到美国。到1886年10月底，这座雕像被重新组装起来，由巴索尔地正式赠送给美国人民。从那时起，这座伟大的纪念碑对通过纽约港进入美国定居的千百万人来说就一直是自由的象征。【课文讲解】1、Oneofthemostfamousmonumentsintheworld,theStatueofLiberty,waspresentedtotheUnitedStatesofAmericainthenineteenthcenturybythepeopleofFrance.theStatueofLiberty自由女神像thepeople指某个国家的人民；指复数的“人们”时通常不加the:Alotof/Fewpeoplewenttotheirwedding.2、Thefollowingyear,itwastakentopiecesandsenttoAmerica.take…topieces把……拆卸开/拆散Thismachineistoolargetobetransportedinwhole.Ithastobetakentopiecesfirst.3、BytheendofOctober1886,thestatuehadbeenputtogetheragainanditwasofficiallypresentedtotheAmericanpeoplebyBartholdi.put…together把……装配起来（take…topiece的反义词）Ican’tputthebrokenvasetogether.我无法把那打碎的花瓶重新拼起来。4、Eversincethen,thegreatmonumenthasbeenasymboloflibertyforthemillionsofpeoplewhohavepassedthroughNewYorkHarbourtomaketheirhomesinAmerica.eversincethen从那以后makeone’shomein…在……安家落户Ian(has)leftEnglandandmadehishomeinChina.【SpecialDifficulties】同形不同音的词许多词既可以作名词又可以作动作，但有些词为不同的词类使用时发音上，尤其是重音的位置会有变化，这些词有：accent[]\uf035v.重读[]\uf035n.重音，conduct[]\uf035v.指挥；导电[]\uf035n.行为，370.conflict[]\uf035v.冲突[]\uf035n.冲突，contest[]\uf035v.争夺，竞争[]\uf035n.比赛，contrast[]\uf035v.形成对比[\uf060\uf06b\uf043\uf06e\uf074\uf072\uf042\uf03a\uf02c\uf073\uf074]n.对比，export[]\uf035v.输出，出口[]\uf035n.出口，increase[]\uf035v.增加[]\uf035n.增加，insult[]\uf035v.侮辱[]\uf035n.侮辱，present[]\uf035v.赠送[]\uf035n.礼物，product[]\uf035v.生产[]\uf035n.农产品，protest[]\uf035v.抗议[]\uf035n.抗议，record[]\uf035v.记录，录音[]\uf035n.记录，唱片，refuse[]\uf035v.拒绝[]\uf035n.垃圾，transport[]\uf035v.运输，运送[]\uf035n.运输Lesson94Futurechampions【Newwordsandexpressions】（9）instructv.指导，传授LosAngeles洛杉矶reluctantadj.勉强的，不愿意的weightn.重物underwateradj.水下的tricyclen.三轮车competev.比赛，对抗yardn.码gaspv.喘气instructv.指导，传授vt.①指导，教，传授Childrencanbeinstructedinswimmingataveryearlyage.Daninstructschemistryatanearbycollege.vt.②批示，命令，吩咐ThedoctorinstructedJimmytostayinbedforaweek.I’vebeeninstructedtogiveyouthisparcel.competev.★比赛，对抗vi.①比赛，对抗（通常与with或against连用）Thechildrencompeteagainsteachothertoreachtheotherendofthepool.Duringthesingingcontest,MarycompetedwithHelenforthefirstprize.vi.②匹敌，比得上，媲美（通常与with连用，多用于否定句）Hugh’shousecan’tcompetewithyours.Noneofhislaterbookscancompetewithhisfirstone.【Text】Experimentshaveprovedthatchildrencanbeinstructedinswimmingataveryearlyage.AtaspecialswimmingpoolinLosAngeles,childrenbecomeexpertatholdingtheirbreathunderwaterevenbeforetheycan371.walk.Babiesoftwomonthsolddonotappeartobereluctanttoenterthewater.Itisnotlongbeforetheyaresoaccustomedtoswimmingthattheycanpickupweightsfromthefloorofthepool.Agamethatisverypopularwiththeseyoungswimmersistheunderwatertricyclerace.Tricyclesarelineduponthefloorofthepoolsevenfeetunderwater.Thechildrencompeteagainsteachothertoreachtheotherendofthepool.Manypedaltheirtricycles,butmostofthemprefertopushordragthem.Somechildrencancoverthewholelengthofthepoolwithoutcomingupforbreathevenonce.WhethertheywilleverbecomefutureOlympicchampions,onlytimewilltell.Meanwhile,theyshouldencouragethoseamonguswhocannotswimfiveyardsbeforetheyaregaspingforair.参考译文实验证明，儿童在很小的时候就可以开始学习游泳。在洛杉矶的一个特设的游泳池里，孩子们甚至在还没有学会走路时就已经能熟练地在水下屏住呼吸了。两个月的婴儿并未显得不愿意入水。他们很快便适应了游泳，以致能捡起池底的物品。这些幼小的游泳运动员非常喜爱的一种游戏是水下三轮车比赛。三轮车并排放在7英尺深的游泳池底上。孩子们比赛看谁先到达游泳池的另一端。很多孩子用脚蹬车，但多数孩子更愿意推或是拉着三轮车。有些孩子能够跑完游泳池的全长而不用露出水面换气。他们将来是否能成为奥林匹克的冠军，这只能由时间来作出回答。与此同时，他们对我们中的那些游不了5码就已喘不过气来的人应该是种鼓舞。【课文讲解】1、AtaspecialswimmingpoolinLosAngeles,childrenbecomeexpertatholdingtheirbreathunderwaterevenbeforetheycanwalk.expertat/indoingsth.……方面的专家，熟练者Rexsoonbecameanexpertatopeningthegate.holdone’sbreath屏住呼吸Lastnight,whenIheardastrangenoisecomingfromthebar,Iheldmybreathandlistenedcarefully.2、Itisnotlongbeforetheyaresoaccustomedtoswimmingthattheycanpickupweightsfromthefloorofthepool.notlongbefore不久，很快beaccustomedton./doingsth.习惯的，适应了的Hesoonbecameaccustomedtohisnewjob.Mymotherisaccustomedtogettingupearly.3、Agamethatisverypopularwiththeseyoungswimmersistheunderwatertricyclerace.bepopularwith…深受……的欢迎，为……所喜爱Maryispopularwith/amongchildren.Swimmingispopularwiththesegirls.4、Tricyclesarelineduponthefloorofthepoolsevenfeetunderwater.lineup（使）排成行/排队Whyarepeopleliningupoverthere?Linethesechairsup,please.5、Thechildrencompeteagainsteachothertoreachtheotherendofthepool.competeagainst与……竞争，与……抗衡372.6、Somechildrencancoverthewholelengthofthepoolwithoutcomingupforbreathevenonce.comeupforbreath升上水面换气7、WhethertheywilleverbecomefutureOlympicchampions,onlytimewilltell.倒装句，宾语从句置于句首，通常，以疑问词引导的宾语从句会用于这种句型：Whatmadehimdoit,nooneknows.Howtheyfoundoutthetruth,onlyGeorgecantell.Lesson95Afantasy【Newwordsandexpressions】（12）fantasyn.幻想故事ambassadorn.大使Escalopian.艾斯卡罗比亚（虚构的国名）frightfuladj.可怕的，令人吃惊的fireextinguisher灭火器drilyadv.冷淡地，枯燥无味地embassyn.大使馆heavenn.天，天堂basementn.地下室definitelyadv.肯定地postv.派任shotn.子弹postv.★派任vt.①派任，委派（与人连用）Imustdefinitelygetthatfellowposted.Twomonthsago,HorstwaspostedtoParis.vt.②邮寄（与物连用，美语用mail）HepostedmeaChristmascardlastyear.Wouldyoupleasepostthisparcelforme?aim★vt.&vi.①（把……）瞄准/对准Heaimedafireextinguisheratme.Heaimedatthedogbutmissed.vi.②目标在于，志向Whatheaimsforismoney.他追求的是金钱。Sheaimstobeapainter.n.③目的，目标，志向Whatisyouraiminlife?You’vemissedyouraimagain.【Text】373.WhentheAmbassadorofEscalopiareturnedhomeforlunch,hiswifegotashock.Helookedpaleandhisclotheswereinafrightfulstate.\'Whathashappened?\'sheasked.\'Howdidyourclothesgetintosuchamess?\'\'Afireextinguisher,mydear,\'answeredtheAmbassadordrily.\'UniversitystudentssettheEmbassyonfirethismorning.\'\'Goodheavens!\'exclaimedhiswife.\'Andwherewereyouatthetime?\'\'Iwasinmyofficeasusual,\'answeredtheAmbassador.\'Thefirebrokeoutinthebasement.Iwentdownimmediately,ofcourse,andthatfool,Horst,aimedafireextinguisheratme.HethoughtIwasonfire.Imustdefinitelygetthatfellowposted.\'TheAmbassador\'swifewentonaskingquestions,whenshesuddenlynoticedabigholeinherhusband\'shat.\'Andhowcanyouexplainthat?\'sheasked.\'Oh,that,\'saidtheAmbassador.\'Someonefiredashotthroughmyofficewindow.Accurate,don\'tyouthink?Fortunately,Iwasn\'twearingitatthetime.IfIhadbeen,Iwouldnothavebeenabletogethomeforlunch.\'参考译文当艾斯卡罗比亚国的大使回到家吃午饭时，把他的夫人吓了一跳。他面色苍白，衣服也搞得不成样子。“发生了什么事？”她问，“你的衣服怎么搞得一塌糊涂？”“灭火器弄的，亲爱的，”大使冷冷地回答，“今天上午大学生们放火点着了大使馆。”“天啊！”他的夫人惊叫，“那你当时在什么地方？”“我和往常一样，在办公室里，”大使回答说。“地下室突然着火，我当然马上下去了。但那个傻瓜霍斯特把灭火器对准了我。他认为是我着火了。我一定要把那个家伙打发走。”大使夫人继续提出问题，她突然又发现丈夫的帽子上有个洞。“那么你对那又作何解释呢？”她问。“那个嘛，”大使说，“有人向我办公室窗户开了一枪。真够准的，是不是？幸亏我当时没戴帽子。如果真戴着它，我现在就不能回家来吃午饭了。”【课文讲解】1、Howdidyourclothesgetintosuchamess?getintoamess搞得这样糟Whenshereturnedfromthemarket,thechildrenhadgottheroomintoaterriblemess.Whywasherhairinsuchamess?2、UniversitystudentssettheEmbassyonfirethismorning.set…onfire放火，使……燃烧，放火烧……In1834,someonesettheHousesofParliamentonfire.3、Thefirebrokeoutinthebasement.breakout（火灾、战争等）突然发生，爆发Whenthefirebrokeoutintheship,Sallywasfrightenedoutofherwits.4、Iwentdownimmediately,ofcourse,andthatfool,Horst,aimedafireextinguisheratme.aim…at用……瞄准5、Someonefiredashotthroughmyofficewindow.374.firev.发射（枪、弹等）Whentheprisonerofwartriedtoescape,aguardfiredagunathim.AyoungmanfiredontheBritishAmbassadortoJapan.一位年轻人向英国驻日本大使开了枪。Lesson96Thedeadreturn【Newwordsandexpressions】（3）festivaln.节日lanternn.灯笼spectaclen.景象，壮观，场面drift★vi.①漂流，漂移Thousandsoflanternsslowlydriftouttosea.Theboatdriftedgentlyacrossthewater.vi.②漂泊，游荡Hehaslosthisjobandjustdriftsinthecityalldaylong.HedriftedfromFrancetoItaly.guide★vt.①给……领路Theoldmanguidedtheexplorersthroughtheforest.Theselanternswillguidethedeadontheirreturnjourneytotheotherworld.vt.②指导（……的行动）；影响（……的决策等）Weshouldbealwaysguidedbytruth.我们应该永远受真理的指导。Don’tletyourwife’sopinionguideyouractions.【Text】AFestivalfortheDeadisheldonceayearinJapan.Thisfestivalisacheerfuloccasion,foronthisday,thedeadaresaidtoreturntotheirhomesandtheyarewelcomedbytheliving.Astheyareexpectedtobehungryaftertheirlongjourney,foodislaidoutforthem.Specially-madelanternsarehungoutsideeachhousetohelpthedeadtofindtheirway.Allnightlong,peopledanceandsing.Intheearlymorning,thefoodthathadbeenlaidoutforthedeadisthrownintoariverorintotheseaasitisconsideredunluckyforanyonelivingtoeatit.Intownsthatarenearthesea,thetinylanternswhichhadbeenhunginthestreetsthenightbefore,areplacedintothewaterwhenthefestivalisover.Thousandsoflanternsslowlydriftouttoseaguidingthedeadontheirreturnjourneytotheotherworld.Thisisamovingspectacle,forcrowdsofpeoplestandontheshorewatchingthelanternsdriftingawayuntiltheycanbeseennomore.参考译文日本每年过一次“亡灵节”。这个节日是个欢乐的日子，因为在这一天，据说死去的人要回到他们的家里来，活着的人则对他们表示欢迎。因为预料到他们在经过长途旅行之后会感到饥饿，所以为他们摆放好了食品。特制的灯笼挂在各家的门外，为的是帮助亡灵看清道路。整个夜晚人们载歌载舞。一大早人们便把为死者摆放的食品扔进河中或海里，因为人们认为活着的人吃了这些东西是不吉利的。在靠海375.的城镇中，头天夜里挂在大街小巷的小灯笼在节后就放在了水里。成千上万只灯笼慢慢漂向大海，指引着亡灵返回另一个世界。这是一个感人的场面，人们成群地伫立在海岸上，注视着灯笼远去，直到再也看不见为止。【课文讲解】1、AFestivalfortheDeadisheldonceayearinJapan.Thedead和theliving均为“定冠词+形容词”结构，表示某类人。2、Astheyareexpectedtobehungryaftertheirlongjourney,foodislaidoutforthem.layout摆放，展示，摆设，摊开Don’tlayoutyourclothesonthebed.Putthemaway.3、Allnightlong,peopledanceandsing.allnightlong整夜（long为副词，表示“整个，在整段期间中”，常与all连用）Itsnowedalldaylong.Shestayedwithhergrandfatherallsummerlong.4、Thousandsoflanternsslowlydriftouttoseaguidingthedeadontheirreturnjourneytotheotherworld.theotherworld另一个世界，即阴间Shebelievesthatshewillmeetherdeadparentsintheotherworld.thenextworld=theworldtocome来世5、Thisisamovingspectacle,forcrowdsofpeoplestandontheshorewatchingthelanternsdriftingawayuntiltheycanbeseennomore.movingadj.动人的，感人的amovingspectacle一个感人的场面单纯的课本内容，并不能满足学生的需要，通过补充，达到内容的完善',)
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