2014-2017历年大学英语四级真题及答案

('14-17历年大学英语四级真题及答案2014年6月大学英语四级考试真题PartIWriting（30minutes）Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthefollowingquestion.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.SupposeaforeignfriendofyoursiscomingtovisitChina,whatisthefirstplaceyouwouldliketotakehim/hertoseeandwhy?PartIIListeningComprehension（30minutes）SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.1.A）Themanshouldvisitthemuseums.B）Shecan’tstandthehotweather.C）Thebeachresortisagoodchoice.D）SheenjoysstayinginWashington.2.A）Hernewresponsibilitiesinthecompany.B）Whatherjobprospectsare.C）Whatthecustomers’feedbackis.D）Thedirector’sopinionofherwork.3.A）Combinehertrainingwithdieting.B）Repeatthetrainingeverythreedays.C）Avoidexcessivephysicaltraining.D）Includeweightliftingintheprogram.4.A）Whenshewillreturnhome.B）Whethershecangobyherself.C）Whethershecantravelbyair.D）Whenshewillcompletelyrecover.5.A）Thewomanknowshowtodealwiththepolice.B）Thewomanhadbeenfinedmanytimesbefore.C）Thewomanhadviolatedtrafficregulations.D）Thewomanisgoodatfindingexcuses.6.A）Switchofftherefrigeratorforawhile.B）Havesomeonerepairtherefrigerator.C）Askthemantofixtherefrigerator.D）Buyarefrigeratorofbetterquality.7.A）Heownsapieceoflandinthedowntownarea.B）Hehasgotenoughmoneytobuyahouse.C）Hecanfinallydowhathehasdreamedof.D）Heismovingintoabiggerapartment.8.A）Sheisblackandblueallover.B）Shehastogotoseeadoctor.C）Shestayedawayfromworkforafewdays.D）Shegothurtinanaccidentyesterday.Questions9to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.9.A）Shewasabankmanager.B）Shewasavictimoftherobbery.C）Shewasadefencelawyer.D）Shewasawitnesstothecrime.10.A）Atallmanwithdarkhairandamoustache.B）Ayouthwithadistinguishingmarkonhisface.C）Athirty-year-oldguywearingalightsweater.D）Amedium-sizedyoungmancarryingagun.11.A）Identifythesuspectfrompictures.B）Goupstairstosignsomedocument.C）Haveherphototakenfortheirfiles.D）Verifytherecordofwhatshehadsaid.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A）Byreadinganewspaperad.B）ByseeingacommercialonTV.C）Bylisteningtothemorningnews.D）Bycallinganemploymentservice.13.A）Shecouldimproveherforeignlanguages.B）Shecouldworkclosetoherfamily.C）Shecouldtraveloverseasfrequently.D）Shecoulduseherpreviousexperiences.14.A）Takingmanagementcourses.B）TeachingEnglishatauniversity.C）Workingasasecretary.D）StudyingforadegreeinFrench.15.A）Prepareforaninterviewinacoupleofdays.B）Readtheadvertisementagainformoredetails.C）Sendinawrittenapplicationassoonaspossible.D）Gettoknowthecandidatesontheshortlist.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions16to19arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A）Theycannotseethefirefightersbecauseofthesmoke.B）Theydonotrealizethedangertheyarein.C）Theycannothearthefirefightersforthenoise.D）Theymistakethefirefightersformonsters.17.A）HetravelsalloverAmericatohelpputoutfires.B）Heoftenteacheschildrenwhattododuringafire.C）HeteachesSpanishinaSanFranciscocommunity.D）Heprovidesoxygenmaskstochildrenfreeofcharge.18.A）Hesavedthelifeofhisbrotherchokingonfood.B）Herescuedastudentfromabigfire.C）Heisverygoodatpublicspeaking.D）Hegivesinformativetalkstoyoungchildren.19.A）FirefightersplayanimportantroleinAmerica.B）Kidsshouldlearnnottobeafraidofmonsters.C）Carelessnesscanresultintragedies.D）Informativespeechescansavelives.PassageTwoQuestions20to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.20.A）Tosatisfytheneedsoftheirfamily.B）Tofullyrealizetheirpotential.C）Tomakemoneyforearlyretirement.D）Togainasenseoftheirpersonalworth.21.A）Theymayhavetocontinuetoworkinoldage.B）Theymayregretthetimetheywasted.C）Theymayhavenobodytodependoninthefuture.D）Theymayhavefewerjobopportunities.22.A）Makingwiseuseofyourtime.C）Savingasmuchasyoucan.B）Enjoyingyourselfwhileyoucan.D）Workinghardandplayinghard.PassageThreeQuestions23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.23.A）Hardworkingstudentsbeingaccusedofcheating.B）Boystudentsbeingoftentreatedaslaw-breakers.C）Innocentpeoplebeingsuspectedgroundlessly.D）Junioremployeesbeingmadetoworkovertime.24.A）Forbiddingstudentstotakefoodoutoftherestaurant.B）Requestingcustomerstopaybeforetakingthefood.C）Askingcustomerstoleavetheirbagsonthecounters.D）Allowingonlytwostudentstoenteratatime.25.A）Hewastakentothemanager.B）Hewascloselywatched.C）Hewasaskedtoleave.D）Hewasovercharged.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Writingkeepsusintouchwithotherpeople.Wewritetocommunicatewithrelativesandfriends.Wewriteto（26）__________ourfamilyhistoriessoourchildrenandgrandchildrencanlearnand（27）__________theirheritage（传统）.WithcomputersandInternetconnectionsinsomanyhouseholds,colleges,andbusinesses,peoplearee-mailingfriendsand（28）__________allthetime—ortalkingtotheminwritinginonlinechatrooms.Itischeaperthancallinglongdistance,andalotmore（29）__________thanwaitinguntilSundayforthetelephoneratestodrop.Studentsaree-mailingtheirprofessorsto（30）__________anddiscusstheirclassroomassignmentsandtosubmitthem.Theyaree-mailingclassmatestodiscussand（31）__________homework.Theyarealsosharinginformationaboutconcertsandsportsevents,aswellasjokesandtheir（32）__________oflife.Despitethegrowingimportanceofcomputers,however,therewillalwaysbeaplaceandneedforthepersonalletter.A（33）__________notetoafriendorafamilymemberisthebestwaytocommunicateimportantthoughts.Nomatterwhatthecontentofthemessage,itsrealpointis,“IwantyoutoknowthatI（34）__________you.”Thiswritingpracticebringsrewardsthatcan’tbeseenin（35）__________,butonlyinthesuccessofhumanrelationships.PartIIIReadingComprehension（40minutes）SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thefactis,theworldhasbeenfindinglessoilthanithasbeenusingformorethantwentyyearsnow.Notonlyhasdemandbeen___36___,buttheoilwehavebeenfindingiscomingfromplacesthatare___37___toreach.Atthesametime,moreofthisnewly___38___oilisofthetypethatrequiresagreaterinvestmentto___39___.Andbecausedemandforthispreciousresourcewillgrow,accordingtosome,byover40percentby2025,fuelingtheworld’seconomic___40___willtakealotmoreenergyfromeverypossiblesource.Theenergyindustryneedstogetmorefromexistingfieldswhilecontinuingtosearchfornew___41___.Automakersmustcontinuetoimprovefuelefficiencyandperfecthybrid（混合动力的）vehicles.Technologicalimprovementsareneededsothatwind,solarandhydrogencanbemore___42___partsoftheenergyequation.Governmentsneedtoformulateenergypoliciesthatpromote___43___andenvironmentallysounddevelopment.Consumersmustbewillingtopayforsomeofthesesolutions,whilepracticingconservationeffortsoftheirown.Inactionisnotan___44___.Solet’sworktogethertobalancethisequation.Wearetakingsomeofthe___45___neededtogetstarted,butweneedyourhelptogotherestoftheway.A）consequentlyI）feasibleB）cultivateJ）growthC）decliningK）optionD）derivedL）refineE）difficultM）reservesF）discoveredN）soaringG）economicallyO）stepsH）exceptionSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.ICry,ThereforeIAmA）In2008,ataGermanzoo,agorilla（大猩猩）namedGanagavebirthtoamaleinfant,whodiedafterthreemonths.PhotographsofGana,lookingstrickenandinconsolable（伤心欲绝的）,attractedcrowdstothezoo.Sadasthescenewas,thehumans,notGana,weretheonlyonescrying.Thenotionthatanimalscanweephasnoscientificbasis.YearsofobservationsbybiologistsDianFossey,whoobservedgorillas,andJaneGoodall,whoworkedwithchimpanzees（黑猩猩）,couldnotprovethatanimalscrytearsfromemotion.B）It’struethatmanyanimalsshedtears,especiallyinresponsetopain.Tearsprotecttheeyebykeepingitmoist.Butcryingasanexpressionoffeelingisuniquetohumansandhasplayedanessentialroleinhumanevolutionandthedevelopmentofhumancultures.C）Withintwodaysaninfantcanimitatesadandhappyfaces.Ifaninfantdoesnotcryout,itisunlikelytogettheattentionitneedstosurvive.Around3-4months,therelationshipbetweenthehumaninfantanditsenvironmenttakesonamoreorganizedcommunicativerole,andtearfulcryingbeginstoserveinterpersonalpurposes：thesearchforcomfortandpacification（抚慰）.Aswegetolder,cryingbecomesatoolofsocialinteraction:griefandjoy,shameandpride,fearandmanipulation.D）Tearsareasuniversalaslaughter,andgriefismorecomplexthanjoy.Butalthoughweallcry,wedosoindifferentways.Womencrymorefrequentlyandintenselythanmen,especiallywhenexposedtoemotionalevents.Likecrying,depressionis,aroundtheworld,morecommonlyseeninwomenthaninmen.Oneexplanationmightbethatwomen,whodespitedecadesofsocialadvancesstillsufferfromeconomicinequality,discrimination（歧视）andevenviolence,mighthavemoretocryabout.Mennotonlycryforshorterperiodsthanwomen,buttheyalsoarelessinclinedtoexplaintheirtears,usuallyshedthemmorequietly,andtendmorefrequentlytoapologizewhentheycryopenly.Men,likewomen,reportcryingatthedeathofalovedoneandinresponsetoamovingreligiousexperience.Theyaremorelikelythanwomentocrywhentheircoreidentities—asprovidersandprotectors,asfathersandfighters—arequestioned.E）Peoplewhoscoreonpersonalitytestsasmoresympatheticcrymorethanthosewhoaremorerigidorhavemoreself-control.Frequencyofcryingvarieswidely:someshedtearsatanynovelormovie,othersonlyahandfuloftimesintheirlives.Cryinginresponsetostressandconflictinthehome,orafteremotionaltrauma（创伤）,lastsmuchlongerthantearsinducedbyeverydaysadness—whichinturnlastlongerthantearsofdelightandjoy.F）Sadnessisourprimaryassociationwithcrying,butthefactisthatpeoplereportfeelinghappieraftercrying.Surveysestimatethat85%ofwomenand73%ofmenreportfeelingbetteraftersheddingtears.Surprisingly,cryingismorecommonlyassociatedwithminorformsofdepressionthanwithmajordepressioninvolvingsuicidalthoughts.G）Peoplewidelyreportthatcryingrelievestension,restoresemotionalbalanceandprovides“catharsis,”awashingoutofbadfeelings.Theterm“catharsis”hasreligiousimplicationsofremovingevilandsin;it’snosurprisethatreligiousceremoniesare,aroundtheworld,oneofthemainsettingsforthereleaseoftears.H）Cryingisanearlyuniversalsignofgrief,thoughsomemournersreportthat,despitegenuinesorrow,theycannotshedtears—sometimesevenforyearsaftertheirlovedonehasgone.Unliketoday,whentheprivacyofgriefismorerespected,thepublicorceremonialsheddingoftears,atthegravesideofaspouseorthefuneralofakingorqueen,wasonceconsideredsociallyorevenpoliticallyessential.I）Cryinghasalsoservedothersocialpurposes.RousseauwroteinhisConfessionsthatwhileheconsideredtearsthemostpowerfulexpressionoflove,healsojustlikedtocryovernothing.J）Theassociationoftearswitharthasancientroots.TheclassicGreektragediesofthefifthcenturyB.C.wereprimarilycelebrationsofgods.Tragedies,likepoetryandmusic,werestagedreligiousevents.Eventhenitwasrecognizedthatcryinginresponsetodramabroughtpleasure.K）Ihavearguedthatthereareneurobiological（神经生物方面的）associationslinkingtheartsandmooddisorders.WhenIlectureoncrying,Iaskmyaudiencetoletmeknow,byashowofhands,whichartformsmostmovethemtotears.About80%saymusic,followedcloselybynovels（74%）,butthenthefiguresfallsharply,to43%,forpoetry,and10-22%forpaintings,sculptureandarchitecture.L）Thephysicalactofcryingismainlyoneofbreathinginair,whichiswhywechokeupwhenweweep.Thissuggeststolanguagescientiststhatemotionalcryingevolvedbeforelanguage,perhapsexplainingwhytearscommunicatestatesofmindandfeelingsthatareoftensodifficulttoexpressinwords.Ofcourse,fromanevolutionaryperspective,recognitionofemotion（usuallythroughfacialgesture）wasessentialforsurvival.M）Theearliesthumansarrivedseveralmillionyearsago,butonly150,000to200,000yearsago,didcultures,language,religionandtheartsarise.Alongtheway,tearsbecamemorethanabiologicalnecessitytolubricate（润滑）theeyeanddevelopedintoasignofintenseemotionandasignalofsocialbonding.Thedevelopmentofself-consciousnessandthenotionofindividualidentity,orego;storytellingabouttheoriginsoftheworld,thecreationofhumanityandlifeafterdeath;andtheabilitytofeelothers’sadness—allwerecriticalpartsoftheneurobiologicalchangesthatmadeushuman.N）Morerecently,we’velearnedfromneurosciencethatcertainbraincircuits（回路）areactivated（激活）,rapidlyandunconsciously,whenweseeanotherinemotionaldistress.Inshort,ourbrainevolvedcircuitstoallowustoexperiencesympathy,whichinturnmadecivilization,andanethicsbasedonsympathy,possible.Sothenexttimeyoureachatissuebox,orsobonafriend’sshoulder,orshedtearsatthemovies,stopandreflectonwhywecryandwhatitmeanstocry.Becauseultimately,whilewelovetocry,wealsocrytolove.46.Nowadayspeoplerespecttheprivacyofgriefmorethaninthepast.47.Infantscrytoattractattentionforsurvival.48.Thereisnoscientificevidenceasyetthatanimalscanshedtearsfromemotion.49.Tearscanperformcertaincommunicativefunctionswhichwordscannot.50.Ourabilitytoexperiencesympathyisessentialtothedevelopmentofcivilization.51.Peoplearemoreinclinedtocrywhensufferingminorformsofdepression.52.Sometimespeoplecannotcrydespitegenuinegrief.53.Inhumans’longhistory,tearshavedevelopedanessentialroleinsocialrelationships.54.Menarelesslikelytogivereasonsfortheirtears.55.Cryinghaslongbeenassociatedwithart.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Hospitals,hopingtocurbmedicalerror,haveinvestedheavilytoputcomputers,smartphonesandotherdevicesintothehandsofmedicalstaffforinstantaccesstopatientdata,druginformationandcasestudies.Butlikemanycures,thissolutionhascomewithanunintendedsideeffect:doctorsandnursescanbefocusedonthescreenandnotthepatient,evenduringmomentsofcriticalcare.Apollshowedthathalfofmedicaltechnicianshadadmittedtextingduringaprocedure.Thisphenomenonhassetoffanintensifyingdiscussionathospitalsandmedicalschoolsaboutaproblemperhapsbestdescribedas“distracteddoctoring.”Inresponse,somehospitalshavebegunlimitingtheuseofelectronicdevicesincriticalsettings,whileschoolshavestartedremindingmedicalstudentstofocusonpatientsinsteadofdevices.“Youjustifycarryingdevicesaroundthehospitaltodomedicalrecords,butyoucansurftheInternetordoFacebook,andsometimesFacebookismoretempting,”saidDr.PeterPapadakosattheUniversityofRochesterMedicalCenter.“Mygutfeeling（本能的感觉）islivesareindanger,”saidDr.Papadakos.”We’renoteducatingpeopleabouttheproblem,andit’sgettingworse.”Asurveyof439medicaltechniciansfoundthat55percentoftechnicianswhomonitorbypassmachinesacknowledgedthattheyhadtalkedoncellphonesduringheartsurgery.Halfsaidtheyhadtextedwhileinsurgery.Thestudyconcluded,“Suchdistractionshavethepotentialtobedisastrous.”Medicalprofessionalshavealwaysfacedinterruptionsfromcellphones,andmultitaskingissimplyafactoflifeformanymedicaljobs.Whathaschanged,saydoctors,especiallyyoungerones,isthattheyfaceincreasingpressuretointeractwiththeirdevices.Thepressurestemsfromamantra（信条）ofmodernmedicinethatpatientcaremustbe“datadriven,”andinformedbythelatest,instantlyaccessibleinformation.Bymanyaccounts,thetechnologyhashelpedreducemedicalerrorbyprovidinginstantaccesstopatientdataorprescriptiondetails.Dr.PeterCarmel,presidentoftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,saidtechnology“offersgreatpotentialinhealthcare,”butheaddedthatdoctors’firstpriorityshouldbewiththepatient.56.Whydohospitalsequiptheirstaffwithcomputers,smartphonesandotherdevices?A）Toreducemedicalerror.C）Tofacilitateadministration.B）Tocopewithemergencies.D）Tosimplifymedicalprocedures.57.Whatdoestheauthorrefertoby“distracteddoctoring”？A）Thedisservicedonebymoderndevicestodoctors,nurses,aswellaspatients.B）Thetendencyofmedicalinstitutionsencouragingtheuseofmoderndevices.C）Theproblemofdevicespreventingdoctorsfromfocusingontheirpatients.D）Thephenomenonofmedicalstaffattendingtopersonalaffairswhileworking.58.WhatdoesDr.PeterPapadakosworryabout?A）Medicalstudentsarenotadequatelytrainedtousemoderntechnology.B）Doctors’interactionwiththeirdevicesmayendangerpatients’lives.C）Doctorsarerelyingtooheavilyonmodernelectronictechnology.D）Pressuresonthemedicalprofessionmaybecomeoverwhelming.59.Whydodoctorsfeelincreasingpressuretousemoderndevices?A）Patientstrustdoctorswhousemoderntechnology.B）Useofmoderndevicesaddstohospitals’revenues.C）Dataisgiventoomuchimportanceinpatientcare.D）Patients’datahastoberevisedfromtimetotime.60.WhatisPeterCarmel’sadvicetodoctors?A）Theyfollowcloselytheadvancesinmedicalscience.B）Theyfocustheirattentiononthepatient’scondition.C）Theyobservehospitalrulesandregulations.D）Theymakethebestuseofmoderndevices.PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Ihavecloselywatchedmygeneration,knownasTheMillennials,for29yearsnow.JoelSteinwroteanextensivepieceonMillennialsandheremainsratheroptimisticaboutourpotential.Ihesitatetosharehisoptimismbecauseofaparadox（矛盾的现象）weseemtoexhibit,namely,thattherearemoreavenuesforustoentertainourselvesthaneverbefore,yetwearemoreboredthaneverbefore.Entertainmenthasneverbeenmorevaried.Wehavemorecablechannels,televisionshows,andmoviesthaneverbefore.Internetprovidersallowinstantviewingofalmostanymovieortelevisionprogramevercreated.SocialdrinkingandpartyingarealsowidelyavailableforMillennials.Everygenerationdevelopsthesehabitsatacertainage,butMillennialsseemtobeextendingthisphaseoflifeastheypostponemarriage.SomeofthisisundoubtedlyduetoTheGreatRecession.Millennialsarehavingadifficulttimefindingjobs;only47percentof16-to-24-year-oldsareemployed,thesmallestsharesincegovernmentstartedrecordingdatain1948.ButdoMillennialsrespondtotheseeconomictroublesbydoingwhateverittakestomakeendsmeet?Hardly.Infact,ofthefourgenerationsPewResearchhasdatafor,theMillennialgenerationdoesnotciteworkethic（勤奋工作）asdistinctiveofitself.Millennialswanttosavetheworld,buttheysitandwaitforthatworld-changingopportunitytobehandedtothem.Insteadofworking2-3jobs,launchingabusiness,ordoingwhatittakestosucceed,theyretreat.Millennialsmaybethefirstgenerationtohavealowerstandardoflivingthantheirparents,butwiththisresponsetoadversity（逆境）,perhapsdeservinglyso.Muchinkhasbeenspilledinmanagementbooksdiscussinghowtogetthemostoutoftheseyouthsintheworkplace.Largely,theycometothesameconclusion:Millennialsareentitled,over-confident,andexpecttoomuchtooquickly.Weshouldnotbesurprised.Today’syoungadultswereraisedbyparentswhomadesuretoboosttheirself-esteemateveryturn,tellingthemtheycouldachievewhatevertheysettheirmindsto,andhandingoutprizesforthesixthplace.61.WhatdoestheauthorofthepassagethinkofMillennials?A）Theyshowlittleinterestinentertainment.B）Theyarenotconfidentabouttheirability.C）Theyenjoyaneasylifeduetohightechnology.D）Theymaynothavebrightprospectsforsuccess.62.HowdoMillennialsfeelabouttheirlife?A）Theycanhardlydoanythingaboutit.B）Thereislittleinittogetexcitedabout.C）Itisnotasgoodastheirparents’.D）Itisfullofopportunitiesforsuccess.63.InwhatwayareMillennialsdifferentfrompreviousgenerationsaccordingtoPewResearch?A）Theyspendlesstimesocializing.C）Theydonotvaluehardwork.B）Theyareindifferenttoothers.D）Theyaremoreindependent.64.WhatshouldMillennialsdoaccordingtotheauthor?A）Remainoptimisticinfaceofadversity.B）Startabusinessasearlyaspossible.C）Makefulluseofnewopportunities.D）Takeactiontochangetheirsituation.65.WhyareMillennialsover-confidentaboutthemselves?A）Theyhavebeenspoiledbytheirparents.B）Theycanalwaysgetwhatevertheyexpect.C）Theyaremisguidedbymanagementbooks.D）Theythinktheyareyoungandenergetic.PartIVTranslation（30minutes）Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.为了促进教育公平，中国已投入360亿元，用于改善农村地区教育设施和加强中西部地区农村义务教育（compulsoryeducation）。这些资金用于改善教学设施、购买书籍，使16万多所中小学受益。资金还用于购置音乐和绘画器材。现在农村和山区的儿童可以与沿海城市的儿童一样上音乐和绘画课。一些为接受更好教育而转往城市上学的学生如今又回到了本地农村学校就读。2014年6月大学英语四级考试真题（第三套）答案[作文]IfaforeignfriendofmineiscomingtoChina,Iwouldliketotakehimorhertopayavisittothecapitalcityofourcountry—Beijing1.Asisknowntoall,Beijingisnotonlyamoderninternationalmetropolitan,butalsoanancientcapitalcitywithalonghistoryofmorethan3000years2.Generallyspeaking,BeijingcouldbeagoodplaceforpeopletolearnaboutChinesehistoryandculture3.InBeijing,therearenumerousplacesofinterest,amongwhichtheSummerPalaceisaverypopularone.TheSummerPalacewasconstructedduringtheQingDynasty.AsanimportantpoliticalanddiplomaticcenterthatissecondonlytotheForbiddenCity,theroyalparkwitnessedlotsofhistoriceventsthathappenedduringthemodernhistoryofChina4.Byvisitingplacesofhistoricalmeaning,myfriendcanbestlearnChinesehistoryandtypicalculture.Inadditiontothecity’shistoricalandculturalvalues,BeijingcanbeaperfectinterpretationofmodernChina.Iamsureeveryonewhocomestovisititwillmarvelatitsbeauty5.1.D2.D3.C4.C5.C6.B7.C8.D9.D10.A11.A12.A13.B14.C15.C16.D17.B18.A19.D20.C21.A22.B23.C24.D25.B26.preserve27.appreciate28.relatives29.convenient30.receive31.collaborateon32.philosophies33.handwritten34.careabout35.bankaccounts36.N37.E38.F39.L40.J41.M42.I43.G44.K45.O46.H47.C48.A49.L50.N51.F52.H53.B54.D55.J56.A57.C58.B59.C60.B61.D62.B63.C64.D65.A[译文]Inordertopromotefairnessineducation,Chinahasinvested36billionyuantoimproveeducationalfacilitiesinruralareasandenhancecompulsoryeducationintheruralareasofthecentralandwesternregions.1Thesefundsareusedtoimproveteachingfacilitiesandbuybooks,benefitingmorethan160thousandprimaryandsecondaryschools.2Besides,thesefundsarespentpurchasingmusicandpaintingequipment.3Now,childreninruralandmountainousareascanhavemusicandpaintingclassesjustaschildrenincoastalcitiesdo.4Somestudentswhoweretransferredtocityschoolsforreceivingbettereducationhavenowreturnedtotheirlocalruralschools.52014年12月四级真题(第2套)PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayaboutacoursethathasimpressedyoumostincollege.Youshouldstatethereasonsandwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA．,B．,C．andD．,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.A．Sheusedtobeinpoorhealth.B．Shewaspopularamongboys.C．Shewassomewhatoverweight.D．Shedidn\'tdowellathighschool.2.A．Attheairport.B．Inarestaurant.C．Inabookingoffice.D．Atthehotelreception.3.A．Teachinghersonbyherself.B．Inarestaurant.C．Askingtheteacherforextrahelp.D．Tellinghersonnottoworry.4.A．Haveashortbreak.B．Taketwoweeksoff.C．Continueherworkoutdoors.D．Goonvacationwiththeman.5.A．Heistakingcareofhistwinbrother.B．Taketwoweeksoff.C．HeisworriedaboutRod\'shealth.D．Hehasbeeninperfectcondition.6.A．Shesoldallherfurniturebeforeshemovedhouse.B．Shestillkeepssomeoldfurnitureinhernewhouse.C．Sheplanstoputallheroldfurnitureinthebasement.D．SheboughtanewsetoffurniturefromItalylastmonth.7.A．Thewomanwonderedwhythemandidn\'treturnthebook.B．Thewomandoesn\'tseemtoknowwhatthebookisabout.C．Thewomandoesn\'tfindthebookusefulanymore.D．Thewomanforgotlendingthebooktotheman.8.A．Mostoftheman\'sfriendsareathletes.B．Fewpeoplesharethewoman\'sopinion.C．Themandoesn\'tlooklikeasportsman.D．Thewomandoubtstheman\'sathleticability.Questions9to12arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.9.A．Shehaspackeditinoneofherbags.B．Sheisgoingtogetitattheairport.C．Shehasprobablyleftitinataxi.D．Sheisafraidthatshehaslostit.10.A．Itendsinwinter.B．Itwillcostheralot.C．Itwilllastoneweek.D．Itdependsontheweather.11.A．Theplaneistakingoffsoon.B．Thetaxiiswaitingforthem.C．Theremightbeatrafficjam.D．Thereisalotofstufftopack.12.A．Athome.B．Attheairport.C．Intheman\'scar.D．Bythesideofataxi.Questions13to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.13.A．Sheisthirstyforpromotion.B．Shewantsamuchhighersalary.C．Sheistiredofherpresentwork.D．Shewantstosavetravelexpenses.14.A．Translator.C．Languageinstructor.B．Travelagent.D．Environmentalengineer.15.A．Livelypersonalityandinquiringmind.B．Communicationskillsandteamspirit.C．Devotionandworkefficiency.D．Educationandexperience.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA．,B．,C．andD．.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。PassageOneQuestions16to19arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A．Theycarealotaboutchildren.B．Theyneedlookingafterintheiroldage.C．Theywanttoenrichtheirlifeexperience.D．Theywantchildrentokeepthemcompany.17.A．Theyareusuallyadoptedfromdistantplaces.B．Theirbirthinformationisusuallykeptsecret~C．Theirbirthparentsoftentrytoconcealtheirbirthinformation.D．Theiradoptiveparentsdon\'twantthemtoknowtheirbirthparents.18.A．Theygenerallyholdbadfeelingstowardstheirbirthparents.B．Theydonotwanttohurtthefeelingsoftheiradoptiveparents.C．Theyhavemixedfeelingsaboutfindingtheirnaturalparents.D．Theyarefullyawareoftheexpensesinvolvedinthesearch.19.A．Earlyadoptionmakesforcloserparent-childrelationship.B．Most.peopleprefertoadoptchildrenfromoverseas.C．Understandingisthekeytosuccessfuladoption.D．Adoptionhasmuchtodowithlove.PassageTwoQuestions20to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.20.A．Hesufferedfrommentalillness.B．HeboughtTheWashingtonPost.C．Heturnedafailingnewspaperintoasuccess.D．Hewasonceareporterforamajornewspaper.21.A．ShewasthefirstwomantoleadabigU.S.publishingcompany.B．ShegotherfirstjobasateacherattheUniversityofChicago.C．Shecommittedsuicidebecauseofhermentaldisorder.D．Shetookoverherfather\'spositionwhenhedied.22.A．Peoplecametoseetheroleofwomeninthebusinessworld.B．KatharineplayedamajorpartinreshapingAmericans\'mind.C．AmericanmediawouldbequitedifferentwithoutKatharine.D．Katharinehadexertedanimportantinfluenceontheworld.PassageThreeQuestions23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.23.A．It\'llenablethemtoenjoythebestmedicalcare.B．It\'llallowthemtoreceivefreemedicaltreatment.C．It\'llprotectthemfrompossiblefinancialcrises.D．It\'llpreventthedoctorsfromoverchargingthem.24.A．Theycan\'timmediatelygetbackthemoneypaidfortheirmedicalcost.B．Theyhavetogothroughverycomplicatedapplicationprocedures.C．Theycanonlyvisitdoctorswhospeaktheirnativelanguages.D．Theymaynotbeabletoreceivetimelymedicaltreatment.25.A．Theydon\'thavetopayforthemedicalservices.B．Theyneedn\'tpaytheentiremedicalbillatonce.C．Theymustsendthereceiptstotheinsurancecompanypromptly.D．Theyhavetopayamuchhigherpricetogetaninsurancepolicy.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Final-ly,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。Moreandmoreoftheworld\'spopulationarelivingintownsorcities.Thespeedatwhichcitiesaregrowinginthelessdevelopedcountriesis(26)__________.Between1920and1960bigcitiesindevelopedcountriesincreasedtwoandahalftimesinsize,butinotherpartsoftheworldthegrowthwaseighttimestheirsize.The(27)__________sizeofgrowthisbadenough,buttherearenowalsoverydisturb-ingsignsoftroubleinthe(28)__________ofpercentagesofpeoplelivingintownsandper-centagesofpeopleworkinginindustry.Duringthenineteenthcenturycitiesgrew(29)__________thegrowthofindustry.InEuropetheproportionofpeoplelivingincitiesWasalwayssmallerthanthatoftheworkForceworkinginfactories.Now,however,the(30)__________isalmostalwaystreeinthenewlyindustrialisedworld:thepercentageofpeoplelivingincitiesismuchhigherthanthepercentageworkinginindustry.Withoutabaseofpeopleworkinginindustry,thesecitiescannot(31)__________theirgrowth;thereisnotenoughmoneytobuildadequatehousesforthepeoplethatlivethere,(32)__________thenewarrivals.Therehasbeenlittleopportunitytobuildwatersuppliesorother(33)__________So,thefiguresforthegrowthoftownsandcities(34)__________proportionalgrowthofunemploymentandunderemployment,agrowthinthenumberofhopelessand(35)__________parentsandstarvingchildren.PartIReadingComprehension(40minutes)ⅡSectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AsanAlaskanfisherman,TimothyJune,54,usedtothinkthathewassafefromindustrialpollutants(污染物)athishomeinHaines--atownwithapopulationof2,400peopleand4,000eagles,with8millionacresofprotectedwildlandnearby.Butinearly2007,Juneagreedtotakepartina36of35Americansfromsevenstates.Itwasabiomonitoringproject,inwhichpeople\'sbloodandur/ne(尿)weretestedfor37ofchemicals--inthiscase,threepotentiallydangerousclassesofcompoundsfoundincommonhousehold38likefacecream,tincans,andshowercurtains.Theresults--39inNovemberinareportcalled"IsItinUs?"byanenvironmentalgroup--wereratherworrying.Everyoneoftheparticipants,40fromanminoisstatesenatortoaMassachusettsminister,testedpositiveforallthreeclassesofpollutants.Andwhilethe41presenceofthesechemicalsdoesnot42indicateahealthrisk,thefactthattypicalAmericanscarrythesechemicalsatall43Juneandhisfellowparticipants.Clearly,therearechemicalsinourbodiesthatdon\'t44there.Alarge,ongoingstudyconductedbytheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionhasfound148chemicalsinAmericansofallages.Andin2005,theEnvironmentalWorkingGroupfoundan45of200chemicalsinthebloodof10new-borns."Ourbabiesarebeingbornpre-polluted,"saysSharylePattonofCommonweal,whichcosponsored"IsItinUs?Thisisgoingtobethenextbigenvironmentalissueafterclimatechange."注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A．analysesB．averageC．belongD．demonstratedE．excessF．extendingG．habituallyH．necessarilyI．productsJ．rangingK．releasedL．shockedM．simpleN．surveyO．tracesSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.InHardEconomyforAllAges,OlderIsn\'tBetter...It\'sBrutal[A]Younggraduatesareindebt,outofworkandontheirparents\'couches.Peopleintheir30sand40scan\'taffordtobuyhomesorhavechildren.Retireesareearningnear-zerointerestontheirsavings.[B]Inthecurrentlistless(缺乏活力的)economy,everygenerationhasaclaimtohavingbeenmostinjured.ButtheLaborDepartment\'slatestjobsreportsandotherrecentdatapresentastrongcaseforcrowningbabyboomers(二战后生育高峰期出生的人)asthegreatestvictimsoftherecessionanditsdreadfulconsequences.[C]TheseAmericansintheir50sandearly60s--thosenearretirementagewhodonotyethaveaccesstoMedicareandSocialSecurity--havelostthemostearningspowerofanyagegroup,withtheirhouseholdincomes10percentbelowwhattheymadewhentherecoverybeganthreeyearsago,accordingtoSentierResearch,adataanalysiscompany.Theirretirementsavingsandhomevaluesfellsharplyattheworstpossibletime:justbeforetheyneededtocashout.Theyaresupportingbothagedparentsandunemployedyoung-adultchildren,earningthemtheunluckynickname"GenerationSqueeze."[D]Newresearchsuggeststhattheymaydiesooner,becausetheirhealth,incomesecurityandmentalwell-beingwerebattered(重创)byrecessionatacrucialtimeintheirlives.ArecentstudybyeconomistsatWellesleyCollegefoundthatpeoplewholosttheirjobsinthefewyearsbeforebecomingqualifiedforSocialSecuritylostuptothreeyearsfromtheirlifeexpectanv\'y(预期寿命),largelybecausetheynolongerhadaccesstoaffordablehealthcare.[E]UnemploymentratesforAmericansnearingretirementarefarlowerthanthoseforyoungpeople,whoarerecentlyoutofschool,withfewerskillsandashorterworkhistory.Butonceoutofajob,olderworkershaveamuchhardertimefindinganotherone.Overthelastyear,theaveragedurationofunemploymentforolderpeoplewas53weeks,comparedwith19weeksforteenagers,accordingtotheLaborDepartment\'sjobsreportreleasedonFriday.[F]Thelengthyprocessispartlybecauseolderworkersaremorelikelytohavebeenlaidofffromindustriesthataredownsizing,likemanufacturing.Comparedwiththerestofthepopulation,olderpeoplearealsomorelikelytoowntheirownhomesandbelessmobilethanrenters,whocanmovetonewjobmarkets.[G]Olderworkersaremorelikelytohaveadisabilityofsomesort,perhapslimitingtherangeofjobsthatofferrealisticchoices.Theymayalsobelessinclined,atleastinitially,totakejobsthatpayfarlessthantheiroldpositions.[H]Displacedboomersalsobelievetheyarevictimsofagediscrimination,becauseemployerscaneasilyfindayoung,energeticworkerwhowillacceptlowerpayandwhocanpotentiallystickaroundfordecadesratherthanafewyears.[I]Inasurveyofolderworkerswhowerelaidoffduringtherecession,justoneinsixhadfoundanotherjob,andhalfofthatgrouphadacceptedpaycuts.14%ofthere-employedsaidthepayintheirnewjobwaslessthanhalfwhattheyearnedintheirpreviousjob."Ijustsaytomyself:\'Whyme?WhathaveIdonetodeservethis?\'"saidJohnAgati,56,whoselastfull-timejob,asaproductdeveloper,endedfouryearsagowhenhisemployerwentoutofbusiness.Thatpositionpaid$90,000,andhisresumelistsjobsatcompanieslikeAmericanExpress,DisneyandUSANetworks.Sincebeinglaidoff,though,hehasworkedaseriesofpart-time,low-wage,temporarypositions,includingsellingshoesatLord&Taylorandmakingsalescallsforacarcompany.[J]Thelastfewyearshavetakenatoilnotonlyonhisfamily\'sfinances,butalsoonhisfeelingsofself-worth."Youjustgetsad,"Mr.Agatisaid."Iseepeoplegettingupinthemorning,goingouttotheircareersandgoinghome.IjustwishIwasdoingthat.Somepeopledon\'tliketheirjobs,ortheyhaveproblemswiththeirjobs,butatleastthey\'reworking.IjustwishIwasintheirshoes."Hesaidhecannotaffordtogobacktoschool,asmanyyoungerpeoplewithoutjobshavedone.Evenifhecouldaffordit,economistssayitisunclearwhetherolderworkerslikehimbenefitmuchfrommoreeducation.[K]"Itjustdoesn\'tmakesensetoofferretrainingforpeople55andolder,"saidDanielHamermesh,aneconomicsprofessor."Discriminationbyage,long-termunemployment,andthefactthatthey\'renowattheendofthehiringqueuejustdon\'tmakeitsensibletoinvestinthem."[L]Manydisplacedolderworkersaretakingthismessagetoheartandleavingthelaborforceentirely.TheshareofolderpeopleapplyingforSocialSecurityearlyrosequicklyduringtherecessionaspeoplesoughtwhateverincometheycouldfind.Thepenaltytheywillpayispermanent,asretireeswhotakebenefitsatage62willreceiveasmuchas30%lessineachmonth\'scheckfortherestoftheirlivesthantheywouldiftheyhadwaiteduntilfullretirementage(66forthosebornafter1942).[M]ThosenotyetqualifiedforSocialSecurityareincreasinglyapplyingforanother,comparablekindofincomesupportthatoftengoestopeoplewhoexpectnevertoworkagain:disabilitybenefits.Morethanoneineightpeopleintheirlate50sisnowonsomeformoffederaldisabilityinsuranceprogram,accordingtoProfessorMarkDugganattheUniversityofPennsylvania\'sWhartonSchool.[N]TheveryoldestAmericans,ofcourse,werebatteredbysomeofthesameillwindsthattormented(折磨)thosenownearingretirement,butatleastthemostseniorwerecushionedbyamorereadilyavailablesocialsafetynet.Moreimportant,inastatisticaltwist,theymayhaveactuallybenefitedfromthefinancialcrisisinthemostfundamentalway:longerlives.[O]Deathratesforpeopleover65havehistoricallyfallenduringrecessions,accordingtoaNovember2011studybyeconomistsattheUniversityofCalifornia,Davis.Why?Theresearchersarguethatweakjobmarketspushmoreworkersintoacceptingrelativelyundesirableworkatnursinghomes,leadingtobettercareforresidents.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。46.Greatermobilityputsyoungerpeopleatanadvantageinseekingnewjobs.47.Manyoftheolderworkerslaidoffduringtherecessionhadtoacceptlowerpayintheirnewjobs.48.Thosewholosetheirjobsshortlybeforeretirementageliveashorter-than-averagelife.49.Seniorsatnursinghomescouldbenefitfromtheweakjobmarket.50.Agediscriminationinemploymentmakesitpointlessretrainingolderworkers.51.Accordingtorecentreportsanddataanalyses,boomerssuffermostfromtheweakeconomy.52.Unemployedboomersareatadisadvantageinjob-huntingbecauseemployerstendtohireyoungerworkers.53.Peopleintheirfiftiesandearlysixtiesbeartheheaviestfamilyburdens.54.PeoplewhotakebenefitsfromSocialSecuritybeforeofficialretirementagewillgetmuchlessfortherestoftheirlives.55.Olderworkers\'choiceofjobscanbelimitedbecauseofdisability.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked\'A．,B．,C．andD．.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.NewYorkersaregraduallygettingusedtomorepedaling(骑车的)passengersonthoseshiningblueCitiBikes.Butwhataboutlocalbikeshops?IsCitiBikerollingupridersattheirexpense?AtGothamBikesinTribeca,managerW.Bensaidtheshophasseenanincreaseinitsoverallsalesduetothebike-shareprogram."It\'sgettingmorepeopleontheroad,"hesaid.JamesRyan,anemployeeatDanny\'sCyclesinGramercyalsosaidCitiBikeisagoodoptionforpeopletoeaseintobikinginacityfamedforitstrafficjamsandaggressivedrivers."Theycantryoutabikewithoutcommittingtobuyingone,"hesaid.RentalsarenotabigpartofthebusinessateitherGothamBikesorDanny\'sCycles.ButforFrank\'sBikeShop,asmallbusinessonGrandSt.,thebike-shareprogramhasbeenbadnews.OwnerFrankArroyosaidhisrentalbusinesshasdecreasedby90％sinceCitiBikewasrolledoutlastmonth.Arroyo\'smainrentalcustomersareEuropeantourists,whohavesincebeendrawnawaybyCitiBikes.However,Bensaidthebike-shareisgoodforbikesalesathisshop."Peoplehaveusedthebike-shareandrealizedhowgreatitistobikeinthecity,thendecidethattheywantsomethingnicerforthemselves,"henoted.ChristianFarrellofWaterfrontBicycleShop,onWestSt.justnorthofChristopherSt.,saidinitiallyhewasconcernedaboutbike-share,though,headmitted,"Iwashappytoseepeopleonbikes."Farrell\'searlyconcernswereechoedbyAndrewCrooks,ownerofNYCVelo,at64SecondAve."Itseemedlikeagreatidea,butonethatwouldbedifficulttoimplement,"CrookssaidofCitiBike.Hesaidheworriedaboutinexperiencedriders\'lackofawarenessofbildngrulesandstrongnegativereactionfromnon-cyclists.However,hesaid,it\'sstilltooearlytotellffhisbusinesshasbeenimpacted.Whileit\'spossiblebike-sharewillcauseadropinbusiness,CrooksallowedthattheideaisapositivestepforwardforNewYorkCity.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。56.Whatistheauthor\'schiefconcernabouttheincreasinguseofCitiBikesinNewYork?A．Hownon-cyclistswillrespondtoit.B．Whetherlocalbikeshopswillsuffer.C．Whetherlocalbikebusinesseswillopposeit.D．Howthesafetyofbikeriderscanbeensured.57.WhathappenedtoGothamBikesasaresultofthebike-shareprogram?A．Itfounditsbikesalesunaffected.B．Itshifteditsbusinesstorentals.C．Itsawitsbikesalesontherise.D．Itrentedmorebikestotourists.58.Whyisthebike-shareprogrambadnewsforFrank\'sBikeShop?A．Itcannotmeetthedemandofthebike-shareprogram.B．ItscustomershavebeendrawnawaybyCitiBikes.C．Itsbikepriceshavetobeloweredagainandagain.D．Ithastocompetewiththecity\'sbikerentalshops.59.WhydidAndrewCrooksthinkthatthebike-shareprogramwouldbedifficulttoexecute?A．Inexperiencedridersmightbreakbikingrules.B．Conflictsmightariseamongbikerentalshops.C．Trafficconditionsmightworseninthedowntownarea.D．Therearenotenoughlanestoaccommodatethebikes.60.WhatisthegeneralattitudeoflocalbikeshopstowardsCitiBike?A．Wait-and-see.B．Negative.C．Indifferent.D．Approving.PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Variousstudieshaveshownthatincreasedspendingoneducationhasnotledtomeasurableimprovementsinlearning.Between1980and2008,staffandteachersatU.S.publicschoolsgrewroughlytwiceasfastasstudents.Yetstudentsshowednoadditionallearninginachievementtests.Universitiesshowsimilartrendsofincreasedadministrationpersonnelandcostswithoutgreaterlearning,asdocumentedinRichardArumandJosipaRoksa\'srecentbookAcademicallyAdrift:LimitedLearningonCollegeCampuses.Asurveyshowsthat63%ofemployerssaythatrecentcollegegraduatesdon\'thavethesldllstheyneedtosucceedand25%ofemployerssaythatentry-levelwritingskillsarelacking.Somesimplisticallyattributethedeclineinourpubliceducationsystemtothedrainofskilledstudentsbyprivateschools,butfarmoresignificanteventswereatwork.Publicschoolsworkedwelluntilaboutthe1970s.Infact,untilthattime,publicschoolsprovidedfarbettereducationthanprivateones.Itwastheunderperformingstudentswhowerethrownoutofpublicschoolsandwenttoprivateones.Aprominentreasonpublicschoolsdidwellwasthatmanyhighlyqualifiedwomenhadfewoptionsforworldngoutsidethehouseotherthanbeingteachersornurses.Theyacceptedrelativelylowpay,difficultworkingconditions,andgavetheirverybest.Havingsuchalargesupplyoftalentedwomenteachersmeantthatsocietycouldpaylessfortheirservices.Women\'sliberationopenedupnewprofessionalopportunitiesforwomen,and,overtime,someofthebestleftteachingasacareeroption,bringingaboutagradualdeclineinthequalityofschooling.Alsoaroundthattime,regulations,government,andunionscametodictatepay,preventac~ustments,andintroducebureaucratic(官僚的)standardforadvancement.Largeeducationbureaucraciesandunionscametodominatethelandscape,confusingactivitywithachievement.Bureaucratsregularlyrewritecurriculums,talknonsenseabouttheoriesofeducation,andrequireevermoreadmires"trators.Theendresulthasbeenthat,afterallthespending,studentshaveworsemathandreadingskillsthanboththeirforeignpeersandearliergenerationsspendingfarlessoneducation--asalltheaccumulatingevidencenowdocuments.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答61.WhatdowelearnfromvariousstudiesonAmerica\'spubliceducation?A．Achievementtestshavefailedtotrulyreflectthequalityofteaching.B．Publicschools-lacktheresourcestocompetewithprivateschools.C．Littleimprovementineducationhasresultedfromincreasedspending.D．Thenumberofstudentshasincreasedmuchfasterthanthatofteachers.62.Howdosomepeopleexplainthedeclineinpubliceducation?A．Governmentinvestmentdoesnotmeetschools\'needs.B．Skilledstudentsaremovingtoprivateschools.C．Qualifiedteachersarefarfromadequatelypaid.D．Trainingofstudents\'basicskillsisneglected.63.Whatwasasignificantcontributortothepastgloryofpublicschools?A．Well-behavedstudents.B．Efficientadmirestration.C．Talentedwomenteachers.D．Generouspayforteachers.64.Whydidsomeofthebestwomenteachersleaveteaching?A．Newcareeropportunitiesweremadeavailabletothembywomen\'sliberation.B．Higheracademicrequirementsmadeitdifficultforthemtostayintheirjobs.C．Theywereunhappywiththebureaucraticadministrationintheirschools.D．Theheavyteachingloadsleftthemlittletimeandenergyforfamilylife.65.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisoneoftheresultsofgovernmentinvolvementineducation?A．Increasingemphasisontheoriesofeducation.B．Highlystandardizedteachingmethods.C．Students\'improvedacademicperformance.D．Anever-growingnumberofadministrators.PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.中国的互联网社区是全世界发展最快的。2010年，中国约有4．2亿网民(netizen)，而且人数还在迅速增长。互联网的日渐流行带来了重大的社会变化。中国网民往往不同于美国网民。美国网民更多的是受实际需要的驱使。用互联网为工具发电子邮件、买卖商品、做研究、规划旅程或付款。中国网民更多是出于社交原因使用互联网，因而更广泛地使用论坛、博客、聊天室等。注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。2014年12月四级真题答案详解(第2套)PartIWritingTheMostImpressiveCourseinMyCollegeLife写作指南本年度的作文文体比较自由，不再局限于议论文。题目要求考生介绍自己“印象最深刻的一门课”，并阐述原因。根据题目要求，文章的结构可安排如下：第一段：引出话题，指出大学的课程各有各的作用，但是“我”个人印象最深刻的一门课程是“文学鉴赏”。第二段：具体描述该门课，注意重点介绍其特别之处，如老师独特的阅读及讨论要求。第三段：简要说明自己学习该门课程后的收获，如锻炼了分析能力和批判思维能力。范文与译文范文译文IncoUege，wetakeavarietyofcoursestodevelopdifferentSldlls．Somecoursesaremeanttobroadenourhorizon；othersaredesignedtoshapeourthinkingabili—ties．Amongallthosecourses．theonethehasimpressedmemostisLiteratureAppreciation．Thiscourseisuniqueinthattheteacherhashisownwaytoencouragestudentstobecomebetterreaders．Hecallsitall“ABC”approachtoliterature．“ABC”standsfor“appreciativebutcritical”．Wheneverweareassignedapoem，orashortstory，hefirstasksUStoappreciatethebeautyoftheliteraryworks，intermsofdiction，plots，rhythmetc．ThenheasksUStobecntical，tryingtofindfaultwiththeliteraryworks．Everyoneinclassmustcontributeoneappreciativecommentandonecnficalcomment；andnooneshallrepeatwhathasbeensaid．在大学，我们学习不同的课程来发展不同的技能。一些课程旨在拓展我们的视野，另一些课程则是要锻炼我们的思维能力。在所有课程中，令我印象最为深刻的是“文学鉴赏”。该课程的特别之处在于任课教师用其特有的方法来鼓励学生成为聪明的读者。他称之为文学的“ABC”之路。“ABC”指的是“既要欣赏也要批判”。当我们阅读一首诗或一篇短篇小说时，他首先要求我们欣赏作品之美，如措辞、情节、韵律等方面的美。接着他会要求我们转向批判，尽量找作品的“茬”。班上每位同学都必须分别给出欣赏及批判的意见，而且之前说过的不能再重复。IfindthisapproachquitebeneficiMaswellasim-pressive，becauseitcultivatesmyanalyticalthinkingandcriticalthinkingskills．Thankstothiscourse，Ianlnowanattentiveandalertreader．我觉得这种教学方式不仅令我印象深刻，同时还让我受益匪浅，因为该方式能锻炼我的分析能力和批判思维能力。多亏这门课，我现在阅读的时候，既细心又敏锐。万能句型1．Among…．theonethathasimpressedmemostis………之中．令我印象最为深刻的是……2．Among…，theonethathasleftmethedeepestimpressionis………之中．令我印象最为深刻的是……3．Among…,…hasbeenveryimpressiveonme．……之中，……确实令我印象深刻。1．Ifind…quitebeneficialaswellasimpressive，because…我觉得……不仅令我印象深刻，同时还让我受益匪浅．因为……2…．isnotonlyverybeneficialbutalsoimpres-siveinthat．．．．…．．不仅令人印象深刻，同时还让人受益匪浅，原因在于……3．Ianlverymuchimpressedby…whileatthesametimebenefitalotfromit．because…我对……印象深刻，并且从中受益匪浅，因为……写作模板Incollege，we(引出话题)．Some(某类事物laremeantto(发挥的作用)；othersarede-signedto(发挥的另一种作用)．Amongallthose(相关事物)，theonethathasimpressedmemostis(印象最深刻的事物)．(该事物)isuniqueinthatf概述该事物的独特之处)．(分点详述该事物的独特之处)．Ifind(该事物)quitebeneficialaswellasimpressive，becauseit(阐述原因l)．Thanksto(该事物)，Iamnow(阐述原因2)．PartHListeningComprehensionSectionA1.W:IranintoSallytheotherday.Icouldhardlyrecognizeher.Doyourememberherfromhighschool?M:Yeah.Shewasalittleoutofshapebackthen.Well,hasshelostalotofweight?Q:WhatdoesthemanrememberofSally?[C]【解析】男士说Sally当时体形有点不成样子，随后问“她是不是减肥了”，说明她当时体重超重，即C。【点睛】①she选项题，一般问对话中的女士，可本题问对话中谈到的Sally，需区分。②选项关键词位于表语(或谓语)部分，poorhealth,popular,overweight和(do)well等修饰词提供依据。③听到outofshape．alotofweight，即可迅速解题。2.W:Wedon\'tseemtohaveareservationforyou,sir.I\'msorry.M:Butmysecretarysaidthatshehadreservedaroomformehere.IphonedherfromtheairportthismorningjustbeforeIgotonboardtheplane.Q:Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?[D]【解析】根据reservedaroom可知对话发生在宾馆前台。【点睛】①介词选项，要求判断对话发生的地点。②要根据对话关键词解题，比如本对话中的reservedaroom。需要注意的是。录音中也出现了airport和plane，但要听清楚在这个场景下发生的动作是过去发生的，前面的here才能表明对话所在地。3.W:Whatwouldyoudoifyouwereinmyplace?M:IfPaulweremyson,I\'djustnotworry.Nowthathisteacherisgivinghimextrahelpandheisworkingharderhimself,he\'ssuretodowellinthenextexam.O:What\'stheman\'ssuggestiontothewoman?[B]【解析】女士问男士有什么建议，男士说“不用担心”，她儿子下次会考好的。即建议女士要对自己的儿子声信心，故选B。【点睛】①动词的现在分词选项，涉及herson，应当问“女士如何做”。②C、D分别利用单词extrahelp，notworry混淆视听。4.M:You\'vehadyourhandsfullandhavebeenoverworkedduringthelasttwoweeks.Ithinkyoureallyneedtogooutandgetsomefreshairandsunshine.W:Youareright.That\'siustwhatI\'mthinkingabout.Q:Whatisthewomanmostprobablygoingtodo?[A]【解析】男士建议女士“出去呼吸一下新鲜空气，晒晒太阳”，即A“稍微休息一下”。【点睛】①动词原形选项，多问建议、将来的打算，重点是听懂对话中的建议句型。②不可根据对话中的片言只语twoweeks，goout选B、C。5.W:Hello,John.Howareyoufeelingnow?Ihearyou\'vebeenill.M:TheymusthaveconfusedmewithmytwinbrotherRod.He\'sbeensickanweek,butI\'veneverfeltbetterinmylife.Q:Whatdowelearnabouttheman?[D]【解析】男士明确说：“我一辈子从来没有感觉到比现在更好的”，意即他身体状况很好，故D正确。【点睛】①He选项，ill，health，perfectcondition表明对话涉及健康状况，需关注有关男士的描述。②本题若问男士的孪生兄弟Rod的健康状况，则应选B。③否定词never和比较级better连用，表达最高级含义，与选项D中的perfect一致。@but之后的内容往往是考点。6.M:Didyoureallygiveawayallyourfurniturewhenyoumovedintothenewhouselastmonth?W:Justtheuselesspieces,asI\'mplanningtopurchaseanewsetfromItalyforthesittingroomonly.O:Whatdoesthewomanmean?[B]【解析】男士问女士是否把全部旧家具都扔了，女士用了just，only说明没有全部扔掉，因此答案为B。【点睛】①选项均提及She如何处理furniture，听对话时可预期相应内容。②A、C选项中的all具有绝对化的含义，一般不会是答案。B含some，极可能是正确答案。③D具有一定的迷惑性，但时态不对。7.M:I\'vebroughtbackyourOxfordCompaniontoEn.qlishLiterature.Ithoughtyoumightuseitforyourpaper.Sorrynottohavereturneditearlier.W:Iwaswonderingwherethebookwas.Q:Whatcanweinferfromtheconversation?[D]【解析】男士还女士书时，女士说“我还在纳闷书到哪里去了呢”，说明她忘了曾把书借给男士，即D。【点睛】①以Thewoman开头的选项，都带否定含义，核心词是book，相关词有return,about，useful，lend，可猜测对话内容。②听懂女士的回答，不难作出正确推理。8.W:Totellthetruth,Tony,itneveroccurredtomethatyouareanathlete.M:Oh,really?.Mostpeoplewhomeetme,includingsomefriendsofmine,don\'tthinksoeither.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?[C]【解析】女士及大多数认识男士的人都不觉得男士是运动员，说明C正确。【点睛】①各选项主语均不一致，在听力题中比较少见，可以看作是“哪个选项正确”的问题。②关键词是athletes，sportsman，另外涉及到friends，fewpeople。辨明这些词之间的关系，就能解题。③对话中的关键句型值得学习：itneveroccurredtomethat…虽然是否定句，表达的却是肯定含义；not．。either(也不)表示“观点相同”，故B、D均错误。Nowyou\'llhearthetwolongconversations.ConversationOneM:Mary,[12]Ihopeyouarepackedandreadytoleave.W:Yes,I\'mpacked,butnotquiteready.[9]Ican\'tfindmypassport.M:Yourpassport?That\'stheonethingyoumustn\'tleavebehind.W:Iknow.Ihaven\'tlostit.[9]I\'vepackedit,butIcan\'trememberwhichbagit\'sin.M:Well,you\'llhavetofinditattheaJ_rport.[11]Comeon,thetaxiiswaiting.W:[12]Didyousaytaxi?Ithoughtweweregoinginyourcar.M:Yes,well,Ihaveplannedto,butI\'llexplainlater.You\'vegottobethereinanhour.W:Theplanedoesn\'tleavefortwohours.Anyway,I\'mreadytogonow.M:Now,youaretakingjustonecase,isthatright?W:No,[12]thereisoneinthehallaswell.M:Gosh,whatalotofstuffl[10]Youaretakingenoughforamonthinsteadofaweek.W:Well,youcan\'tdependontheweather.Itmightbecold.M:It\'snevercoldinRome.CertainlynotinMay.Comeon,wereallymustgo.W:Right,weareready.We\'vegotthebags.I\'msurethereisnoneedtorush.M:Thereis.[11]Iaskedthetaxidrivertowaittwominutes,nottwenty.W:Look,I\'msupposedtobegoingawaytorelax.Youaremakingmenervous.M:Well,Iwantyoutorelaxonholiday,butyoucan\'trelaxyet.W:OK.Ipromisenottorelax,atleastnotuntilwegettotheairportandIfindmypassport.9.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutherpassport?[A]【解析】对话开头，女士说找不到护照，并说“我拿了的。只是不记得放在哪一个袋子里了”，故A正确。【点睛】①选项均讨论She把it怎么样了。由动词packed，get，left,lost不难对各选项予以区别。②对话开头的passport由男士重复反问过，是信息重点，猜测即是选项中的it。女士否认“遗失(lost)”，排除D。③由原文中的pack即可选定答案。10．Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman’strip?[C]【解析】根据男士的讽刺“你带的东西都够一个月而不是一周用了”，可见女士计划外出一周。【点睛】①难点是判断选项主语it的含义，必须根据对话来理解。②选项关键词是winter,costalot,oneweek。weather。录音提到aweek和weather，但说到weather时用的是否定句。故可排除D，选C。A、B均未提及。11．Whydoesthemanurgethewomantohurry?[B]【解析】男士两次提及taxi在等，故答案为B。【点睛】①由plane，taxi，trafficjam猜测，本题可能与交通有关。②离飞机起飞还有两个小时，时间充裕，A不对；C未提及；尽管东西多，但都已经打好包了，D也不准确。B是对话中重复出现的信息，是正确答案。③可以根据听到的提问方式确认答案。12．Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?[A]【解析】根据“离开”、“厅里(还有一个箱子)”、“你的车”等关键词可知二人准备离开家外出旅游。【点睛】显然问“对话发生在何处”。根据对话中的关键词(信息)推理判断。ConversationTwoW:Oh,[13]I\'mfedupwithmyjob.M:Hey,thereisaperfectjobforyouinthepapertoday.Youmightbeinterested.W:Oh?Whatisit?Whatdotheywant?M:Waltaminute.Eh,hereitis.[14]TheEuropeanSpaceAgencyisrecruitingtranslators.W:TheEuropeanSpaceAgency?M:Well,that\'swhatitsays.TheyneedanEnglishtranslatortoworkfromFrenchorGerman.W:SotheyneedadegreeinFrenchorGerman,Isuppose.Well,I\'vegotthat.What\'smore,Ihaveplentyofexperience.Whatelsearetheyaskingfor?M:Justthat.Auniversitydegreeandthreeorfouryearsofexperienceas[14]atranslatorinaprofes-sionalenvironment.Theyalsosaythepersonshouldhavealivelyandinquiringmind,effectivecom-municationskillsandtheabilitytoworkindividuallyorasapartoftheteam.W:Well,ifIstayatmypresentjobmuchlonger,Iwon\'thaveanymindorskillsleft.Bytheway,[15]whataboutsalary?justhopeitisn\'tlowerthanwhatIgetnow.M:It\'ssaidto\'benegotiable.[15]Itdependsontheapplicant\'seducationandexperience.Inadditiontobasicsalary,thereisalistofextrabenefits.Havealookyourself.W:Hmm,travelandsocialsecurityplusrelocationexpensesarepaid.Hey,thisisn\'tbad.Ireallywantthejob.13．Whyisthewomantryingtofindanewjob?[C]【解析】对话第1句女士就说自己厌倦了自己的工作，故答案为C。【点睛】①选项涉及She对工作的态度、期望。②对话首尾处是出题重点。③答案中的betiredof是原文befedupwith的同义表达。14．Whatpositionisbeingadvertisedinthepaper?[A]【解析】对话多次提到所招聘职位是“翻译”，故选A。【点睛】①表示职业、职务的名词选项，只需听到原文相关信息“对号入座”即可。②关键信息是考点，往往在对话中多次出现。15.Whatarethekeyfactorsthatdeterminethesalaryofthenewposition?[D]D【解析】对话中男士说，工资待遇“取决于求职者的教育背景和工作经历”，D是原文再现，正确。【点睛】①名词选项。不仅需理解各选项的含义，还需在录音中听到有关信息，并做相应记录。②A、B的内容在对话中同时出现，作并列成分，故可同时排除。C未提及。SectionB．PassageOneWhencouplesgetmarried,theyusuallyplantohavechildren.Sometimeshowever,acouplecannothaveachildoftheirown.Inthiscase,theymaydecidetoadoptachild.Infact,adoptionisverycommontoday.Thereareabout60,000adoptionseachyearintheUnitedStatesalone.Somepeopleprefertoadoptinfants.Othersadoptolderchildren.Somecouplesadoptchildrenfromtheirowncountries.Othersadoptchildrenfromforeigncountries.Inanycase,theyalladoptchildrenforthesamereason:[16]theycareaboutchildrenandwanttogivetheiradoptedchildahappylife.Mostadoptedchildrenknowthattheyareadopted.Psychologistsandchildcareexpertsgenerallythinkthisisagoodidea.However,manyadoptedchildrenoradopteeshaveverylittleinformationabouttheirbiologicalparents.[17]Asamatteroffact,itisoftenverydifficultforadopteestofindoutabouttheirbirthparents,becausethebirthrecordsofmostadopteesareusuallysealed.Theinformationissecret,sonoonecanseeit.Naturally,adoptedchildrenhavedifferentfeelingsabouttheirbirthparents.Manyadopteeswanttosearchforthem,butothersdonot.Thedecisiontosearchforbirthparentsisadifficultonetomake.[18]Mostadopteeshavemixedfeelingsaboutfindingtheirbiologicalparents.Eventhoughadopteesdonotknowabouttheirnaturalparents,[19]theydoknowthattheiradoptiveparentswantthem,lovethemandwillcareforthem.16.Accordingtothespeaker,whydosomecouplesadoptchildren?[A]【解析】短文先介绍了种种收养孩子的行为，然后总结说：不管是什么样的情形，人们收养孩子都出于同一个理由：他们喜欢孩子。故A正确。【点睛】①由选项中的need，want可知，本题问“他们”的目的、打算。内容上涉及children，oldage和lifeexperience，可重点关注有关内容。(室)careaboutchildren是原词再现。③说明理由的内容常是考点。17.Whyisitdifficultforadopteestofindoutabouttheirbirthparents?[B]【解析】短文说到：大多数被收养者的出生记录往往不对外公开。相关资料是保密的，因此没有人能看到。B与此相符。【点睛】①四个选项主语均不相同，但都涉及“收养”关系；distant，secret，conceal等都有“遮蔽信息”的含义。②考点内容由because引导出来，也是语义重心所在，应不难作答。18.Whydomanyadopteesfindithardtomakethedecisiontosearchforthebirthparents?[C]【解析】短文提到：被收养者很难作出要寻找生身父母的决定：大多数人对寻找自己的生身父母感情复杂。mixedfeelings是解题关键词。答案选C。【点睛】①A、B、C中均提到feelings，只是各自的修饰语不同：听到录音中相应的修饰语mixed，即可作答。②不可仅凭常识自以为是地选B。实际上，A与短文内容不符。B、D则未提及。19.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?[D]【解析】短文开头提到，人们收养孩子是因为他们喜欢(careabout)孩子；最后又说，被收养者知道，其养父母需要他们，爱(10ve)他们，会照顾他们。因此．D正确。【点睛】①各选项均讨论“收养”关系，只是各有侧重。A、B显然不符合文章内容；C貌似正确，但短文没有讨论understandin9的问题。②推理题要依据文章的主旨、多次重复的信息解答。PassageTwoKatharineGrahamgraduatedfromtheUniversityofChicagoin1938andgotajobasanewsreporterinSanFrancisco.[20]Katharine\'sfatherusedtobeasuccessfulinvestmentbanker.In1933heboughtafailingnewspaper--TheWashingtonPost.ThenKathaxinereturnedtoWashingtonandgotajob,editinglettersinherfather\'snewspaper.ShemarriedPhilipGrahamwhotookoverhisfather-in-law\'sposition,shortlyafterandbecamepublisherofTheWashingtonPost.Butformanyyearsherhusbandsufferedfrommentalillnessandhekilledhimselfin1963.Afterherhusband\'sdeath,Katharineoperatedthenewspaper.Inthe1970s,thenewspaperbecamefamousaroundtheworld.AndKatharinewasalsorecognizedasanimportantleaderinnewspaperpublishing.[21]ShewasthefirstwomantoheadamajorAmericanpublishingcompany--TheWashingtonPostCompany.In\'afewyears,shesuccessfullyexpandedthecompanytoincludenewspaper,magazine,broadcastandcablecompanies.Shediedofheadinjuriesafterafallwhenshewas84.Morethan3,000peopleattendedherfuneralincludingmanygovernmentandbusinessleaders.[22]HerfriendssaidshewouldberememberedasawomanwhohadanimportantinfluenceoneventsintheUnitedStatesandtheworld.Katharineoncewrote:"Theworldwithoutnewspaperswouldnotbethesamekindofworld."Afterherdeath,theemployeesofTheWashingtonPostwrote:[22]"TheworldwithoutKatharinewouldnotbethesameatall."20.WhatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutKatharine\'sfather?[B]【解析】短文说，Katharine的父亲于l933年买下了陷入困境的《华盛顿邮报》。故8正确。【点睛】①选项主语是He，要注意区分短文中听到的不同人物及其所作所为。有精神疾病的是Katharine的丈夫；做过记者的是Katharine；邮报是20世纪70年代闻名天下的．当时由Katharine负责。②要根据问题选择答案。21.WhatdoesthespeakertellUSaboutKatharineGraham?[A]【解析】原文提到：Katharine是担任美国主要出版公司领导人的第一位女性。故A正确。【点睛】①考点含thefirstwoman这种强调性字眼．是文章的语义重心所在，应能听到、记住。②选项A用toleadabi9…company解释原文中的toheadamajor…company．是典型的同义替换选项。③其他选项，要么文章未提及，要么人物和事件弄混。22.WhatdoesthecommentbyemployeesofTheWashingtonPostsuggest?[D]【解析】文章结尾的几句都是对Katharine的评价。“她将作为一个对美国以及全世界的事件产生过重要影响的女性为世人所怀念……没有Katharine的世界将是一个完全不同的世界。”这些表述含义相同，D与此一致。【点睛】①各选项均谈到Katharine的影响，分析各选项的区别．主要是影响的范围不一致。A说businessworld．C说media，范围都太窄。B在短文中未提及。若能记住world一词，即可准确无误答题。②文章结尾句若是对前文的重复强调，是明白无误的语义重心，则往往是出题考点。PassageThreeObtaining[23]goodhealthinsuranceisarealnecessitywhileyouarestudyingoverseas.Itprotectsyoufromminorandmajormedicalexpensesthatcanwipeoutnotonlyyoursavingsbutyourdreamsofaneducationabroad.Thereareoftentwodifferenttypesofhealthinsuranceyoucanconsiderbuying:internationaltravelinsuranceandstudentinsuranceinthecountrywhereyouwillbegoing.Aninterna-tionaltravelinsurancepolicyisusuallypurchasedinyourhomecountrybeforeyougoabroad.Itgener-allycoversawidevarietyofmedicalservicesandyouareoftengivenalistofdoctorsintheareawhereyouwilltravelwhomayevenspeakyournativelanguage.[24]Thedrawbackmightbethatyoumaynotgetyourmoneybackimmediately.Inotherwords,youmayhavetopayallyourmedicalex-pensesandthenlatersubmityourreceiptstotheinsurancecompany.Ontheotherhand,[25]gettiugstu-denthealthinsuranceinthecountrywhereyouwillstudymightallowyoutoonlypayacertainpercent-ageofthemedicalcostatthetimeofserviceandthusyoudon\'thavetohavesufficientcashtopaytheentirebillatonce.Whateveryoudecide,obtainingsomeformofhealthinsuranceissomethingyoushouldconsiderbeforeyougooverseas.Youshouldn\'twaituntilyouaresickwithmajormedicalbillstopayoff.23.Whydoesthespeakeradviseoverseasstudentstobuyhealthinsurance?[C]【解析】短文开头说，好的健康保险可以使你免受大大小小的医疗费用的困扰：这些费用不仅会耗尽你的积蓄，而且还会让你的留学梦破灭。C正确。【点睛】①选项中的关键信息是“就医”(medicalcare／treatment)、“钱”(free，financialcrises,over-charge).可据此听取有关信息.②考点是第2句．它是对第1句(主题句)的解释说明.24．Whatisthedrawbackofstudents’buyingin．ternationaitravelinsurance?［A］［解析］短文提到，购买国际旅行保险的缺点是你不能马上拿回你支付的钱.A与此完全一致.是答案.［点睛］①各选项要么是否定句，要么有only.verycomplicated等修饰语，都具有负面含义，涉及返款、申请程序、就医限制等.②可一边听录音一边对相关选项作正误判断，不难推知，B、C、D均不正确.25．Wllatdoesthespeakersayaboutstudents\'get．tinghealthinsuranceinthecountrywheretheywillstudy．［B］［解析］短文说，在留学国购买健康保险可以在就医时只支付部分医疗费，而不必一下子支付所有费用.选项B与原文一致.［点睛］①A、B是好处，C、D说局限(“不得不……”)其中，A是全盘的否定，B是部分否定.注意这些细微差别，便于在听到相应信息时判断、辨别.②短文先概述两种健康险(对应第23题)，然后分别介绍两种保险的特点(对应第24题和第25题)，出题点和文章结构一一对应.SectionC26.alarming［解析］空格所在句的主干是Thespeedis空格位于系动词is后，与is共同构成句子的谓语.alarming在句中为形容词，意为‘‘令人担忧的”.27．sheer［解析］空格前是定冠词The，空格后是名词词组sizeofgrowth“增长的规模”，故空格处应填人sizeofgrowth的修饰成分.sheer在句中意为“纯粹的”.28．comparison［解析］空格前是定冠词the，空格后是of引导的介宾短语，故空格处应填人用名词(词组).名词comparison为动词compare“比较，对比”的派生词，意为“比较”.29．asaresultof［解析］空格前的句意为“城市发展”，空格后为名词词组“工业的发展”，填入asaresultof"作为……的结果”，表现城市的发展是由业的发展造成的.30．reverse［解析］空格位于定冠词the后面，故应填入名词(词组)，作句子的主语.reverse在句中作名词．意为“相反的情况”.31．payfor［解析］空格位于情态动词cannot后面.故应填入动词(词组)的原形，payfor表示“负担……的费用，偿还”，在句中意为“这些城市无法承担城市人口发展所带来的代价”.32．letalone［解析］letalone意为“更不用说，不必考虑”.空格所在句意为“尚且没有足够财力为当地人建造足够的房屋，更不用说为新移民建房屋了.”33．facilities［解析］由空格前的or可知，空格所在的other与前面的watersupplies并列，都是一些基本设施、设备.facility意为“设施，设备”，常用复数形式.34．represent［解析］空格所在句缺少谓语成分，故空格处应填入动词(词组0represent意为“代表”.35．despaifing［解析］由空格前的and可知，空格填入的成分与hopeless“失去希望的”并列，都应该是含负面意义的修饰语.despairing意为“绝望的”.PartReadingComprehensionⅢSectionA全又翻译五十四岁的阿拉斯加渔民蒂莫西·朱恩曾经以为他住在家乡海恩斯就可以免受工业污染的危害.海恩斯是个拥有2400人、4000只鹰的小镇，附近还有800万英亩的自然保护区.但是在2007年初，朱恩参加了一项针对美国7个州35人的调查.这是一个生物监测的项目，通过检测人体血液和尿液来追踪化学物质.该调查在面霜、锡罐和浴帘等日常家居用品中发现了三类具有潜在危险的化学物.调查结果非常令人担忧.11月，一个环保组织将该结果发表在一份名为“是否存在于我们体内?”的报告中.每个参与调查的人，从伊利诺斯州的参议员到马萨诸塞州的部长.上述三类污染物的检测结果都呈阳性.尽管人体内存在这些化学物质并不一定表明有健康隐患，但普通美国人携带这些化学物质的事实的确让朱恩和其他参与者深感震惊.显而易见,我们体内有一些本不属于我们自身的化学物质.美国疾病控制与预防中心正在进行的一项大型研究在各年龄段的美国人体内共发现了148种化学物质.而在2005年，环境工作小组在10个新生儿的血液中发现平均有200种化学物质.《公益》杂志(该杂志是.是否存在于我们体内?”报告赞助方之一)的莎瑞尔·帕顿说：“我们的孩子在出生之前就已经被污染了，这将是自气候变化之后的又一大环境问题.”词性分析名词：analyses分析；分析报告［复数］average平均数，平均excess过量，过度；超过products产品；乘积［复数］survey调查；测量；全面审视traces痕迹，踪迹；微量［复数］动词：analyses分析［第三人称单数］average平均，求平均数belon9属于；应归入；适应demonstrated论证；演示；举例说明；举行示威游行［过去式或过去分词］extending延伸，扩展；提供，给予；达到［现在分词或动名词］ranging(在某范围内)变动；(over)涉及；使排列成行f现在分词或动名词］released释放，解除；发布，发表［过去式或过去分词］shocked(使)震惊［过去式或过去分词］survey调查；测量；全面审视traces查出；追溯；描摹［第三人称单数］形容词：average平均的；平常的excess过量的，额外的shocked震惊的simple简单的副词：habitually习惯地necessarily必要地：必然地解题思路36．［N］空格前的不定冠词a表明此处应填入可数名词单数形式，作takepartin“参加”的宾语.下一句的主语It指代该词，根据该句的表语abiomonitoringproject“一个生物监测的项目”可知填入的词与project语义相关，因此选N项survey“调查”.37．［O］空格前是介词for“为了”，空格后是of属格，故此处应填入名词或动名词.本句是inwhich引导的定语从句，which指代project“项目”，句子提到这个项目对人体的血液和尿液进行了测试，目的当然是找到化学物质，O项traces“痕迹，踪迹”符合逻辑.38．田空格前是形容词household“家庭的”，故此处应填入名词，意义上能概括空格后列举的facecreani“面霜”、tincans“锡罐”和showercurtains“浴帘”等家用的东西.词库的名词中，l项products“产品”符合要求.coInInonhouseholdproducts表示“普通居家用品”.39．［K］空格位于句子主语Theresults“(调查)结果”和谓语wereratherworryin9“相当令人担忧”之间的插入语的开头，下文byanenvironmentalgroup表示某个动作的施动者，故此处应填入表被动的过去分词，动词的逻辑宾语是Theresults.由下文的inareport可推测这里表示该调查结果“被发表”在一项报告上，故选K项released“发表”.D项demonstrated表示“论证；举例说明”，但“论证”的内容通常是某种观点、说法的正确性，而不是已经确定的“研究结果”.40．［J］空格位于句子主语Everyoneoftheparticipants“每个参与者”和谓语tested：“检测”之间的插入语部分，空格后为介词from…to…结构，故应填入动词的分词形式，补充说明主语.词库中常与from…to…搭配的分词有ranging“(在范围内)变动”和extending“延伸”.extending通常形容河流、土地、森林的延伸.而此处指参与者的范围，J项rangh唱更合适，表示参与者包括伊利诺斯州参议员,马萨诸塞州部长.41．［M］空格位于定冠词the和名词presence之间，因此空格处的词应为可以作定语的名词、形容词或分词.上文提到参与者都检测出有三类污染物，本句中用while引导的从句意为“尽管这些化学物质的……存在不表示有健康风险”，因此空格处的词应具有“不会导致严重后果”的含义，词库中M项simple“简单的”符合要求.42．［H］空格在助动词doesnot和谓语动词indicate之间，故应填入副词.本句指“这些化学物质的存在不……代表有健康风险”，词库中的副词necessarily“必要地”代入，与not连用表示“不一定”，句意通顺.G项habitually“习惯性地”代入，表示“这些化学物质的存在不习惯性地代表有健康风险”，句意不通，故排除.43．［L］分析句子结构，空格所在句的主语是thefact，空格后是名词结构Juneandhisfellowparticipants.故此处应填入谓语动词.空格所在的主句与while所引导的从句之间构成让步转折的关系，从句提到体内有这些化学物质不表示有健康风险，故推断主句提到的这个事实让June和其他人都感到意外，L项shocked“使(某人)震惊”符合要求.44．［C］空格前是助动词don’t，空格后是副词there，故此处应填入不及物动词的原形，充当that引导的定语从句的谓语.that指代chemicalsinourbodies“我们体内的化学物质”，there指代inOurbodies.上文提到那些化学物质是家居用品中的，因此推断不应存在于我们体内，故选C项belon9“属于”.45．［8］空格前的不定冠词an表明此处应填入元音开头的可数名词单数形式，词库中初步符合要求的名词只有B项average“平均数”和E项excess“过量”.anexcessof．一可表“过量的某种事物”，但其后不接具体数量，空格后是具体数值“200种化学物质”，我们可以说“过量的化学物质”，但不会说“过量的200种化学物质”，E项不合适．因此只能选8项average“平均数”.本句意为“在2005年，环境工作小组发现l0个新生儿的血液中平均有200种化学物质”.SectionB全文翻译划线点评经济困难，人人自危越老越糟，……现实很残酷［A］年轻的毕业生们债务缠身，没有工作，不得不啃老.三四十岁的人，买不起房子，养不起孩子.退休人员的存款利息接近为零.［B］当前经济如一潭死水，每个年龄段的人都称自己是最受伤的一群.［51］但是美国劳工部的最新就业报告和其他近期的数据提出有力证据，将二战后生育高峰期出生的人“加冕”为受此次经济衰退及其可怕后果影响最大的受害者.［C］数据分析公司森提尔的研究表明，［53］这些50多岁和60岁出头的美国人，他们接近退休年龄但还没有获得医疗保险和社会保障收入(译注：美国的Medicare和SocialSecurity相当于退休医疗金和退休金．达到美国法定退休年龄65岁的人群才可获得)是所有年龄段中丧失挣钱能力最厉害的人群，跟三年前经济刚复苏的时候相比，他们的家庭收入降低了10％.他们的退休储蓄和房产价值在最不应该的时候，也就是恰恰在他们需要支取出来之前大幅下跌.［53］他们不仅需要赡养年迈的父母.而且还需要供养失业的成年孩子，这使他们得到了一个不幸的绰号：“被榨干的一代”.［D］新研究表明，他们的寿命会变短，因为他们的身体健康、收入保障和精神健康在其生命中的关键时刻遭受经济衰退带来的重创L0［48］韦尔斯利学院的经济学家最近的一项研究发现，那些在获得社会保障资格前几年失业的人，其麦金往往要比预期寿命短三年，很大原因在于他们不能再享用低价医疗保健.［E］接近退休年龄的美国人的失业率，远远低于那些刚走出校门、技能较少并且没有多少工作经历的年轻人.但是一旦失业，年龄大的人就很难再找到工作了.根据美国劳工部周五公布的就业报告，在过去的一年里，年龄大的人的平均失业持续时间是53周，而青少年则是19周.［F］失业持续时间长在一定程度上是由于年长工人更可能因为企业裁员而下岗，就像制造业.［46]较其他人群而言，年龄大的人也更可能拥有自己的房子.流动性不如那些可以轻松转到新劳力市场的租房族.［G］［55］年长工人更可能有某种形式的缺陷．这也许会限制他们可以选择的工作范围.他们也可能更不情愿，至少在最初的时候，接受那些薪酬远远低于他们之前薪酬的工作.［H］［52］那些由于工作岗位被取消而失业的婴儿潮一代还相信他们是年龄歧视的受害者，因为雇主可以很容易地找到一个年轻、充满活力同时可以接受更低工资，并且还可以坚持几十年而不是几年的员工.［I］［47］一项关于经济衰退期间被解雇的年长员工的调查表明，只有l／6的人找到了新工作.并且那些人中有一半人接受了减薪.14％的再就业者说，他们新工作的薪酬不及他们上一份工作收入的一半.“我只是对自己说：‘为什么是我?我做了什么，应该受到这样的惩罚?”56岁的约翰·阿格迪这样说.他之前的全职工作是做产品开发，四年前因老板破产而失业.那个职位的工资是9万美元，他简历上列的工作单位包括美国运通、迪斯尼以及美国网络之类的公司.自被解雇以来，他做过一系列的兼职、低薪工作、临时工作，还曾在罗德与泰勒百货卖过鞋子，在汽车公司做过电话销售.［J］过去几年不仅严重影响了他的家庭经济情况，也影响了他的自我价值感.“你总是感到悲伤难过，”阿格迪先生说.“我看到人们早上起床，出门为他们的事业拼搏，然后回家.我只希望我也能这样.有些人不喜欢他们的工作，或者他们在工作上有问题，但至少他们是在工作.而我只希望我能够像他们那样.”他说他不能像很多失业的年轻人那样重返学校，他负担不起.即使他负担得起学费，但是经济学家们说．目前还不清楚像他这样的年长员工到底能从再教育中受益多少.［K］［50］“为年龄在55岁及以上的人提供培训是没有意义的.”经济学教授丹尼尔·哈默麦什说，“［50］年龄歧视，长期失业.招聘方现在最不愿意聘用他们.在这样的情况下.投资培训并不明智.”［L］许多因工作消失而失业的年长员工对此耿耿于怀，便彻底离开了职场。老年人在未达到法定退休年龄就申请社会保障的比例在经济衰退时期迅速上升，人们本该这个时期想尽一切办法争取收入的。然而。他们为此承受的损失会是永久性的，［54］因为在62岁开始享受福利的退休人员。未来每个月的收入都比那些等到完全退休年龄1942年之后出生的人要达到66岁开始享受福利的人尘30％。［M］那些不符合社会保障条件的正在申请另一个类似的收入支持保障，即残疾福利。这种福利常常适用于那些不打算再工作的人。宾夕法尼亚大学沃顿商学院的马克·达根教授认为，超过八分之一的人，在他们接近60岁时，都加入了某种形式上的联邦残疾保险项目。［N］最老的美国人，当然，也会受到那些接近退休的人所遭受的一些冲击，但至少最年长的人更容易获得社会保障体系的保护。更重要的是。峰回路转的统计数据显示，实际上他们已在根本上从金融危机中获益：更长寿。［O］加州大学戴维斯分校的经济学家在2011年ll月做的一项研究显示，65岁以上的人的死亡率在经济萧条时期历史性地下降了。为什么呢?研究人员认为，［49]疲软的就业市场促使更多人接受了相对不受欢迎的疗养院工作，使疗养院居民得到更好的照顾。46．［F］［译文］拥有更大的流动性使得年轻人在寻找新工作时处于有利地位。［定位解析］根据题目中的Greatermobility可定位到F段第2句。该句提到，相对于其他年龄段的人．年龄大的人更可能拥有自己的房子，流动性也不如那些可以轻松转到新劳力市场的租房族本题是从年轻人的角度来阐述，上了年纪的人流动性不强因而吃亏，而年轻人流动性强就占优势了，故本题内容与原文F段的内容是对应的。47．［I］［译文］许多在经济萧条期被解雇的年长员工不得不接受薪资更低的新工作。［定位解析］根据题目中的关键信息laidoffduringtherecession，lowerpay可定位到l段第l句。该句引用了一项调查，提到在经济萧条期被解雇的年长工人中，有1／6再就业了，而就业的人群中，一半接受了减薪。原文的halfofthatgroup对应题目中的Many，而原文的Paycuts对应lowerPay。据此可判断，本题信息来自1段。［干扰排除］G段最后一句也提到了薪水减少，但该句指的是年长的员工不太愿意从事比旧职位薪资少的工作，原文中的belessinclinedtotake“不太愿意从事”与题目的hadtoaccept“不得不接受”语义上存在差异，故排除。48．［D］［译文］那些接近退休的人失业后，寿命会比一般人短。［定位解析］文章提及寿命的只有D段和N段。再结合题目中的shortlybeforeretirementage定位到D段第2句。该句引用调查，说明“接近退休的人失业后，其寿命会比预期寿命(即平均寿命)少三年。”原文的inthefewyearsbefore．。SocialSecurity对应题目中的shortlybdforeretirementage：而原文的lostuptothreeyearsfromtheirlifeexpectancy则对应shorter-than-averagelife。据此可判断本题信息来自于D段。［干扰排除］N段末的longerHves“更长寿”是指超过退休年龄的人的情况，不能由此推断出“接近退休的人”的寿命情况，故排除N。49．［O］［译文］疗养院的老年人可以从疲软的就业市场中获利。［定位解析］由题目中的关键信息nursinghomes可定位到O段最后一句。该句提及“疲软的就业市场将促使更多人去疗养院工作，最终使疗养院的居民得到更好的照顾”。“疗养院的居民”(residents)即为题目中的Seniorsatnursinghomes“疗养院的老年人”，原文中的bettercare对应benefit。据此可判断本题选O。50．［K］［译文］就业中的年龄歧视使得年长员工的再培训毫无意义。［定位解析］根据题目的pointless，retrainin9可定位到K段。该段引用经济学教授的话说明了对老人再培训不明智，首句中出现了题目中的关键词retainin9．该段中的doesn’tmakesense及don\'tmakeitsensible与题目中的pointless对应；第2句讲述的原因包括Discriminationbyage，与题目中的Agediscriminatlon对应。据此判断本题信息来自K段。51．［B］［译文］根据近期报告和数据分析，二战后生育高峰期出生的人受疲软经济的影响最大。［定位解析］根据题干中的recentreportsanddataanalysis和suffermost可定位到8段第2句。该旬用crowningbabyboomers…asthegreatestvictimsof．。句型说明二战后生育高峰期出生的人成为此次经济衰退的最大受害者，crown一词原义为“为……加冕”，可引申为“使……成为……”。本题所述与B段的文意相符。52．［H］［译文］失业后的婴儿潮一代在寻找新工作时处于劣势，因为雇主更倾向于雇佣更年轻的工人。［定位解析］文章提及babyboomers与“年轻人”寻找新工作时情况的段落主要是E至H段．因此答案在这几段找.结合题目中的tendtohireyoungerworkers“倾向于雇佣年轻人”可定位到H段.该段because后提到了年轻人的几点优势，包括youn9，energetic，acceptlowerpay以及can…stickaroundfordecades.从而使得boomers受歧视，题目是对原文的正话反说，年轻人有优势，boomers就是处于不利地位了(atadisadvantage).故确定本题出处是H段.【干扰排除】本题易误选E段.但E段最后一句对比的对象是olderpeople和teenager，范围上与题目中的boomers及youngworkers有所区别，且该段并没有明确提到其中一方的优势所在，故排除E段.53【C】【译文】50多岁或60岁出头的人背负的家庭负担最重.【定位解析】根据题目的intheirfiftiesandearlysixties可定位到C段.该段首句就提到了50sandearly60s“50多岁或60岁出头的人”.结合最后一句的“他们需要赡养年迈的父母，而且还需要供养失业的成年孩子”以及他们的绰号“被榨干的一代”可看出他们的家庭负担重.本题意思与此相符，故选C.54.【L】【译文】在未达到官方退休年龄就享受社保的人在余生获得的社保金会少很多.【定位解析】根据题目中的muchless，fortherestoftheirlives可定位到L段最后一句.该句提到“62岁时就开始领的社保金会比正常退休的少30％”.原文中的atage62对应题目的beforeofficialretirementage：而receiveasmuchas30％less对应题目中的9etmuchless，故选L.55.【G】【译文】由于某些缺陷，年长工人可选的工作有限.【定位解析】根据题干的limited，disability等关键信息可定位到G段第l句.该句提到“年长的工人更可能有某种形式的缺陷(haveadisabilityofsomesort)，这也许会限制他们可以选择的工作范围(limitingtherangeofjobs)”.题目的信息与此相符，故选G.SectionCPassageOne56.［B］［定位］根据题干中的CitiBikesinNewYork定位至第l段.［解析］本题问针对越来越多人使用CitiBikes，作者首要担心的问题是什么.题干所说的theincreasinguseofCitiBikes与第l段首句的morepedalingpassengers“更多骑车的人”对应.作者在提出该现象后，紧接着就使用了两个问句，表示关心当地自行车店对此的反应，并提问城市自行车项目是否会让当地自行车店利益受损(attheirexpense).B项中的suffer是对最后一句attheirexpense的同义转换，选项意为“当地自行车店是否会受害”，与原文意思一致.［点睛］A项“非骑行者会如何反应”与两个问题涉及的localshop无关，文中只在倒数第2段提到有店主担心非骑车者会反对(strongnegativereactionfromnon-cyclists).C项“本地的自行车店是否会反对”偏离重点，原文只提到了本地的自行车店会如何反应，但是不是反对并没有提及.D项“如何保证自行车骑行者的安全”在第l段乃至整篇文章都并未涉及.57.［C］［定位］根据题干中的GothamBikes定位至第2段.［解析］题目问的是公共自行车项目导致Gotham自行车店产生了怎样的结果.第2段首句出现表原因的dueto“由于”，与题干中表结果的asaresult相对，故dueto前面的theshophasseenanincreaseinitsoverallsales“店里总体销售额有所增长”即为本题答案.C项中的ontherise是原文allincrease的同义转换.选项意为“自行车的销售在增加”，跟原文意思一致.［点睛］A项“自行车销售未受影响”，其中的unaffected与原文的anincrease“增长”相矛盾.B项“该店把业务转向出租”.其中的rentals“出租”在第3段第l句提到，但原文明确指出租赁业务并非Gotham自行车店的主要业务(notabigpartofthebusiness).因此该店不会把生意转向出租.D项“向游客出租更多的自行车”未出现在原文中.58.［8］［定位］根据题干中的Prank’_BikeShop定位至第3段.［解析］题目问的是为什么对Frallk’s自行车店而言，公共自行车项目是个坏消息.题干所述与第3段第2句的thebike—shareprogramhasbeenbadnews对应，紧跟着第3句指出，自上个月推出CitiBike后，该店的出租业务下降了90％，而最后一句指出业务下降的原因，即曾经是该店的主要客源的欧洲游客都被CitiBike抢走了(mainrentalcustomers…havesincebeendrawnawaybyCitiBikes).B项“顾客被CitiBikes抢走了”与该句意思一致.［点睛］A项“无法满足公共自行车项目的需求”，Flank\'s自行车店与公共自行车项目原则上是竞争的关系而非供需关系.C项“不得不一再降低自行车售价”，原文中并未提及自行车的售价.D项“必须与市内其他自行车出租店竞争”.原文提到抢走了Prank’s自行车店顾客的是CitiBike，而没有提到该店与纽约市内其他店的竞争关系，D项无中生有.59.[A］［定位］根据题干中的AndrewCrooks定位至第6段.［解析］题目询问为什么AndrewCrooks认为公共自行车项目很难执行.题干所述与第6段第2句对应，其中的execute与原文的implement同义，都是“实施，执行”的意思.第6段第3句解释了原因：其一，没经验的骑行者对骑车规则认识不够(1ackofawarenessofbikingrules)；其二，非骑车人的强烈反对(strongnegativereactionfromnon-cyclists).A项“缺乏经验的骑手可能会违反骑行规则”是原文中列举的第一个原因.为正确答案.［点睛］8项“自行车出租店之间可能发生冲突”、C项“市中心的交通状况可能变得更差”、D项“没有足够的自行车道供自行车出行”都不属于文章中提到的两点原因，都只是根据常识制造的干扰.60.［D］［定位］全文转折对比处.［解析］题目询问当地自行车店对CitiBike的普遍态度.文中提到了不同的自行车店及其发言人的态度，其态度往往体现在原文的转折对比处.第2段的GothamBikes销量增长(allincreaseinitsoveralsales)，CitiBike对其有利，此外Danny’sCycles的詹姆士也认为公共自行车项目不错(agoodoption)；第4段提到Gotham自行车店的Ben认为CitiBike实际上能让更多人购买自行车，故他的态度是支持的.第3段提到Frank’sBikeShop的租赁业务受打击较大，故其态度应该是反对的.第5段及第7段末的happytosee和apositivestep表明两家店的店主都是支持CitiBike的.纵观以上观点，大部分当地自行车店都是持支持态度的(4vs.1)，故答案为D项“赞同，认可”.［点睛］A项“观望的”、B项“否定的”和C项“漠不关心的”都表消极否定，与原文对比转折处所暗含的肯定态度相违背.难句归纳1.NewYorkersaregraduallygettingusedtomorepedalingpassengersoilthoseshiningblueCitiBikes.(第l段第l句)【分析】本句是简单句，句子的主干是：NewYorkersaregettingusedtomorepedalingpassengers，表示纽约人逐渐习惯越来越多的人骑自行车.介词结构0ilthoseshiningblueCitiBikes是修饰pedalingpassengers的后置定语，说明这些人骑的都是崭新的蓝色“城市自行车”.2.JamesRyan，anemployeeatDanny’SCyclesinGramercyalsosaidCitiBikeisagoodoptionforpeopletoeaseintobikinginacityfamedforitstrafficjamsandaggressivedrivers.(第2段第3句)【分析】本句的宾语由省略了引导词that的从句充当.anemployeeatDanny’SCyclesinGramercy是插入语，作同位语修饰句子主语.JamesRyan，表明其身份.宾语从句中，主干是CitiBikeisagoodoption，后面跟的forsbtodosth.结构补充说明agoodoption；介词结构inacity是地点状语，过去分词短语famedforitstrafficjamsandaggressivedrivers是修饰city的后置定语，说明该城市以什么出名.3.whileit’spossiblebike-sharewillcauseadropinbusiness.CrooksallowedthattheideaisapositivestepforwardforNewYorkCity.(最后一段)【分析】句首的While“尽管”引导让步状语从句，其中it是形式主语，真实主语是从句bike—sharewillcauseadropinbusiness.主句的宾语由that引导的从句theideaisapositivestepforwardforNewYorkcity充当.具体说明Crooks认同的内容，即这个构想是纽约城市发展积极的一步.PassageTwo61.【C】【定位】根据题干中的variousstudies定位至第l段.【解析】本题询问从关于美国公立教育的大量研究中，我们可以得知什么.文章首句的Variousstudieshaveshown后面所跟的宾语从句就是答案：教育投入的增加并未促使教育有显著改善(notledtomeasurableimprovementsinlearning).C项中的hasresultedfrom“由……产生”替换了原文中的hasledto“导致”，区别在于leadto后面是结果；选项中的littleimprovements和原文中的not.一measurableimprovements属同义转换.所以正确答案是C“花费增加并未促使教育得到大改善”.【点睛】文中第1段最后一句话有谈到achievementtests，提及“学生并未在能力考试中展现出学识有所增长”.这是为了说明“教育没有得到改善”，即教学质量不高，由此可看出能力测试一定程度上反映了教学质量.故排除A“能力测试未能真实地反映教学质量”.第4段提到了公立学校和私立学校之争，但未明确指出公立学校是因为资源短缺而流失优等生，且该内容也不属于variousstudies的研究结果，B“公立学校因资源短缺无法与私立学校竞争”不对.第l段第2句提到美国公立学校教职工数量的增长速度约是学生的两倍(staffandteachers…grow…twiceasfarasstudents)，D“学生人数的增长速度远高于老师的增长速度”与原文的结论相反62.【B】【定位】根据题干中的declineinpubliceducation定位至第4段.【解析】题目问一些人认为公立教育衰落的原因是什么.第4段中的attributed…to…意为……把……归因于……”，表原因，t0后的内容就是答案，原因是高素质生源流失到了私立学校(thedrainofskilledstudentsbyprivateschools)，B“高素质的学生都去了私立学校”与原文一致.【点睛】最后一段首句提到了政府开始控制工资，阻碍调整，并在晋升方面引入官僚标准.但没有提到A项所说的Governmentinvestment“政府投资”，故“政府投资不能满足学校的需求”无法推断.虽然C“合格的老师们拿不到合理的工资”与第6段末句的“高素质的女老师接受较低的工资”(acceptedrelativelylowpay)相符，但该内容并非题干所问，属于答非所问.D“忽视了学生的基本技能的训练”，虽然文中有几处提到大学毕业生的基本功不足(如：第3段末提到最基本的写作技巧都没掌握；全文最后一句提到数学和阅读能力不如国外的同龄学生和以前的学生)，但这并非由于教育系统有意忽略这方面，且这也只是教育质量下降的具体体现，并非原因.63.【C】【定位】根据题干中的significantcontributor和pastgloryofpublicschools定位至第6段.【解析】本题问公立学校过去成功的重要原因是什么.题干中的asignificantcontributor与第6段第l句中的aprominentreason为同义转换.原文该句提到，公立学校曾经很成功(didwell)的首要原因是.当时许多高素质的女性(highlyqualifiedwomen)除了当老师或者护士之外，没有其他职业可以从事.而第7段也重申了这些有才干的女教(talentedwomenteachers)的重要性，C“有才干的女教师”复现了这一内容.为正确答案.【点睛】A“行为良好的学生”，第5段第3句提到表现不佳的学生会被公立学校开除，这说明当时公立学校的教学要求高、质量好，是公立学校辉煌过去的具体体现，而非原因.最后一段虽然暗示了现在公立学校的官僚管理制度无效，但并未明确指出过去的管理制度就是高效的，故B“有效的管理”无法推断.D“教师的高薪水”与第6段最后一句提到的女教师工资不高(relativelylowpay)相矛盾.64.【A】【定位】根据题于中的bestwomenteachersleaveteachin9定位至第7段第2句.【解析】题目问为什么一些优秀的女教师要放弃教书.第7段第2句的大意是妇女解放运动为这些女性开辟了新的职业领域(openedupnewprofessionalopportunitiesforwomen)，一些优秀的女教师因为有了更好的选择，就放弃了教书.A项“妇女解放运动给她们带来了新的职业机会”符合原文.其中的Newcareeropportunities是原文newprofessionalopportunities的同义表达；madeavailable同义替换了openedup，都是“开辟了新的职业领域”的意思.【点睛】B“更高的学术要求使她们想保住这份工作变得很难”，学术要求并未出现在文章中.C“她们不满学校里的官僚化管理”，最后一段出现了官僚机构，而且谈及了官僚机构管理对教学工作产生的负面影响.但是这些均不是优秀女教师离职的原因.D“过重的教学负担使她们没有时间和精力过家庭生活”，教学负担和家庭生活的关系不在本文讨论的范围里.65.【D】【定位】根据题干中的governmentinvolvementineducation定位至最后一段.【解析】题目问作者认为政府参与教育所导致的结果是什么.题干所说的governmentinvolvementineducation指代最后一段前两句提到的内容，包括引入官僚晋升标准、支配整个教育系统等.第3句讲述了一些具体的措施：定期修改课表、吹嘘荒谬的教育理论、要求不断增加管理人员(requireevermoreadministrators).D“不断增长的管理人员”是原文中要求增加管理人员的必然结果，所以为正确答案.【点睛】A“越来越重视教育理论”，最后一段第3句提到了教育理论，指出这些官员不懂教育理论却还对此胡说八道，但这并非说明他们重视教育理论，只是不懂装懂的官僚作风的体现.B“高度标准化的教学方法”，文章没有涉及教学方法.全文最后一句提到学生的表现，说他们明显不如国外同龄学生，也比不上以前的学生，故C“学生成绩进步”与原文相反.难句归纳1.Somesimplisticallyattributethedeclineinourpubliceducationsystemtothedrainofskilledstudentsbyprivateschools，butfarmoresignificanteventswereatwork.(第62题解题句)【分析】本句是but连接的并列句.第一个分句的主干是：Some…attributethedecline…tothedrain，意为“有些人把衰落的原因归结为流失”.simplistically是副词，在这里作状语表程度；谓语部分的attributeAtoB意为“把B归咎为A的原因”；inourpubliceducationsystem作后置定语修饰thedecline.表明是哪方面的衰落；ofskilledstudents是thedrain的后置定语，说明流失的主体是优秀学生：byprivateschools说明这些学生的去向.第二个分句中，主语是moresignificantevents“更重要的事件”：atwork作表语，表示“起作用”；这个分句表示衰落的原因远远不止优秀生源的流失.2.Aprominentreasonpublicschoolsdidwellwasthatmanyhighlyqualifiedwomenhadfewoptionsforworkingoutsidethehouseotherthanbeingteachersornurses.(第63题解题句)【分析】本句的主句是主系表结构：A…reason…wasthat….主语Aprominentreason后的publicschoolsdidwell为省略引导词的定语从句；主句的表语由that引导的从句充当.该表语从句的主干是manyhighlyqualifiedwomenhadfewoptions“许多高素质的女性别无选择”.otherthan表示“除了”.3.Women’Sliberationopenedupnewprofessionalopportunitiesforwomenand，overtime，someofthebestleftteachingasacareeroption，bringingaboutagradualdeclineinthequalityofschooling.(第64题解题句)【分析】本句是and连接的并列句，主干是：liberationopenedup…opportunities…andsome…leftteaching“解放运动创造了机会并且一些人放弃了教书”.第二个分句中，overtime作插入语.表示“随着时间的推移”；现在分词短语bringingabout…作结果状语，表示离职产生的后果.4.Theendresulthasbeenthat，afterallthespending，studentshaveworsemathandreadingskillsthanboththeirforeignpeersandearliergenerationsspendingfarlessoneducation--asalltheaccumulatingevidencenowdocuments.(全文最后一句)【分析】本句为主从复合句，主句的表语由that引导的从句充当.该表语从句的主干为studentshaveworsemathandreadingskills；从句中的afterallthespending为时间状语；从句主干后有than引导的比较状语，将学生的数学和阅读能力与外国学生和以前的学生相比；spendingfarlessoneducation是修饰earliergenerations的后置定语，说明以前在教育投入并不多.破折号后为as引导的定语从句，修饰的内容是整个表语从句；注意句末的documents为动词，作定语从句的谓语，意为“用文件证明，证实”.答案速查36.N37.O38.I39.K40.J41.M42.H43.L44.C45.B46.F47.I48.D49.O50.K51.B52.H53.C54.L55.G56.B57.C58.B59.A60.D61.C62.B63.C64.A65.DPartTranslationⅣ词汇难点互联网社区：Internetcommunity增长(v.)：grow；increase；beontherise日渐流行：growingpopularity重大的：great；significant；profound往往不同于：begenerallydifferentfrom；usuallydifferfrom受……驱使：bedrivenby；bemotivatedby买卖商品：buyandsellgoods；tradegoods规划旅程：plantrips／tours；maketravelplans付款：pay；makepayments社交原因：socialreason／purpose广泛地：widely；broadly论坛：forum博客：blog聊天室：chatroom表达难点1.第l句中的“发展最快的”可译成developfastest，副词最高级fastest放在动词develop后面.也可适当变换，译为developatthefastestspeed.”发展最快的”还可以译为enjoythefastestgrowth，把“发展”转译成名词growth.用形容词最高级fastest修饰.这个译法比较贴近英文表达，更加地道.“全世界”可译为aroundtheworld.也可译成intheworld.2.第5句“美国网民更多的是受实际需要的驱使，用互联网为工具发电子邮件、买卖商品、做研究、规划旅程或付款”包含两个分句，前一分句是后一分句的原因，可译成带原因状语从旬的主从复合句，译作BecauseAmericannetizensaremoredrivenby…，theyusetheIntenetasatoolto….由于两个分句共用主语，故可用过去分词.短语作原因状语，代替原因状语从句，使句子更加精简，即可译为Moredrivenby…，AmericannetizensusetheInternetasatoolto….这个译法也更能突出句子主干“用互联网……付款”.3.最后一句“中国网民更多是出于社交原因使用互联网，因而更广泛地使用论坛、博客、聊天室等”也包含两个分句，且内容均较长，故可考虑将第二个分句译成独立的句子.该句子可译为被动句Therefore，forums，blogsandchatroomsandsoonaremorewidelyused.如果译成主动句，则前一句AmericannetizensusetheIntenet…和本句Chinesenetizens，inmostcases，nlakeuseoftheIntenet…句式重复，过于单调，而用被动语态则可使句型更富于变化.参考译文TheInternetcommunityinChinaenjoysthefastestgrowtharoundtheworld.Therewereabout420millionnetizensacrossChinain2010andthenumberisstillincreasingrapidly.ThegrowingpopularityoftheInternethasbroughtaboutgreatsocialchanges.InternetusersinChinaaregenerallydifferentfromthoseofAmericaMoredrivenbypracticalneeds,AmericannetizensusetheInternetasatooltosende-mails,buyandsellgoods,doresearch,plantoursormakepayments.Chinesenetizens,however,inmostcases,makeuseoftheInternetforsocialreasons.Therefore,forums,blogsandchatroomsandsoonaremorewidelyused.答案速查1.C2.D3.B4.A5.D6.B7.D8.C9.Al0.C11.Bl2.Al3.Cl4.Al5.Dl6.Al7.Bl8.Cl9.D20.B21.A22.D23.C24.A25.B26.alarming27.sheer28.comparison29.asaresultof30.Reverse31.payfor32.1etalone33.facilities34.represent35.despairing2015年6月大学英语四级真题及答案Part1Writing(30minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaybasedonthepicturebelow.Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthepictureandthemcommentonthiskindofmodernlife.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.THISMODERNLIFE:WORKHOMEPLAYSLEEP请用黑色签字笔在答题卡1指定区域作答作文题，在试题册上的作答无效。PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillbear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestionstherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet1withasinglelinethroughthecenter.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答1.A)HeispleasedtositonthecommitteeC)HewilltellthewomanhisdecisionlaterB)HeiswillingtoofferthewomanahandD)Hewouldliketobecomeaclubmember2.A)TheirplannedtriptoVancouverisobviouslyoverpricedB)TheyshouldborrowaguidebookinsteadofbuyingoneC)TheguidebooksinthelibraryhavethelatestinformationD)ThelibrarycanhelporderguidebooksaboutVancouver3.A)HeregretshavingtakenthehistorycourseB)HefindslittleinterestsinhistorybooksC)HehastroublefinishinghisreadingassignmentsD)Hehasdifficultyinwritingtheweeklybookreport4.A)ThemanhadbetterchooseanotherrestaurantB)ThenewrestaurantisaperfectplacefordatingC)ThenewrestaurantcaughtherfancyimmediatelyD)Themanhasgoodtasteinchoosingtherestaurant5.A)HehasbeenlookingforwardtospingC)Hewillcleanthewoman’sbootsforspringC)HehasbeenwaitingforthewintersaleD)Hewillhelpthewomanputthingsaway6.A)Atatailor’sC)InaclothstoreB)AtBob’shomeD)Inatheatre7.A)HisguestsfavorsTibetandrinksC)MineralwaterisgoodforhealthB)HiswaterisquiteextraordinaryD)Plainwaterwillservethepurpose8.A)ReporttheresultofadiscussionC)SubmitanimportantdocumentationB)RaisesomeenvironmentalissuesD)ReviseanenvironmentalreportQuestions9to12arebasedontheconversationyoujustheard9.A)TheypollutethesoilusedtocoverthemB)TheyareharmfultonearbyneighborhoodsC)TherubbishinthemtakeslongtodissolveD)Thegastheyemitisextremelypoisonous10.A)GrowingpopulationsC)ChangedeatinghabitsB)PackagingmaterialsD)Lowerproductioncost11.A)BysavingenergyC)ByreducingpoisonouswastesB)ByusinglessaluminumD)Bymakingthemostofmaterials12.A)WearerunningoutofnaturalresourcessoonB)OnlycombinedeffortscanmakeadifferenceC)ThewasteproblemwilleventuallyhurtallofusD)AllofuscanactuallybenefitfromrecyclingQuestions13to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.13.A)MiamiC)BellinghamB)VancouverD)Boston14.A)Togetinformationonone-wayticketstoCanadaB)Toinquireaboutthepriceof“Supersaver”seatsC)TogetadviceonhowtoflyascheaplyaspossibleD)Toinquireabouttheshortestroutetodrivehome15.A)JoinatouristgroupC)AvoidtripsinpublicholidaysB)ChooseamajorairlineD)BookticketsasearlyaspossibleSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarketedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkedthecorrespondletteronAnswersheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。PassageoneQuestions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)TherearemysteriousstoriesbehindhisworksB)TherearemanymisunderstandingsabouthimC)Hisworkshavenomatchworldwided)Hispersonalhistoryislittleknown17.A)HemovedtoStratford-on-AvoninhischildhoodB)HefailedtogobeyondgrammarschoolC)HewasamemberofthetowncouncilD)Heonceworkedinawell-knowactingcompany18.A)WritersofhistimehadnomeanstoprotecttheirworksB)PossiblesourcesofcluesabouthimwerelostinafireC)HisworkswereadaptedbeyondrecognitionD)PeopleofhistimehadlittleinterestinhimPassageTwoQuestions19-21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard19.A)ItshowsyouhavebeenignoringyourhealthB)ItcanseriouslyaffectyourthinkingprocessC)ItisanearlywarningofsomeillnessD)Itisasymptomoftwomuchpressure20.A)ReduceourworkloadC)UsepainkillersforreliefB)ControlourtemperD)Avoidmaskingsymptom21.A)LyingdownandhavingsomesleepC)GoingoutforawalkB)Rubbingandpressingone’sbackD)ListeningtolightmusicPassageThreeQuestions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)DependingheavilyonloansC).Spendingbeyondone’smeansB)HavingnobudgetplansatallD).Leavingnoroomforlargebills23.A)ManyofthemcanbecutC)TheirpaymentcannotbedelayedB)AllofthemhavetobecoveredD)Theyeatupmostofthefamilyincome24.A)RentahouseinsteadofbuyingoneC)MakeaconversationplanB)DiscusstheprobleminthefamilyD)Movetoacheaperplace25.A)FinancialissuesplaguingafamilyC)FamilybudgetproblemsandsolutionsB)DifficultyinmakingbothendsmeetD)NewwaystoboostfamilyincomeSectionCDirections:inthissection,youwillhearapaasagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreafforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。PerhapsbecausegoingtocollegeissomuchapartoftheAmericandream,manypeoplegoforno(26)_____reason.Somegobecausetheirparentsecpectit,othersbecauseit’swhattheirfriendsaredoing.Then,there’sthebeliefthatacollegedegreewill(27)____ensureagoodjobandhighpay.Somestudents(28)____throughforyears,attendingclasses,orskipping(逃课)themasthecasemaybe,readingonlywhatcan’tbeavoided,lookingforless(29)_____courses,andneverbeingtouchedorchangedinanyimportantway.Forafewofthesepeople,collegeprovidesno(30)____，yetbecauseofparentalorpeerpressure,theycannotvoluntarilyleave.Theystoptryinginthehopethattheirteacherswillmakethedecisionforthemby(31)____them.Toputitbluntly(直截了当地)，unlessyou’rewillingtomakeyourcollegeyearscount,youmightbe(32)_____doingsomethingelse.Noteveryoneshouldattendcollege,norshouldeveryonewhodoesattendbeginrightafterhighschool.Manycollegestudents(33)_____takingayearorsooff.Ayearoutintheworldhelpssomepeopleto(34)_____theirprioritiesandgoals.Ifyou’rereallygoingtogetsomethingoutofgoingtocollege,youhavetomakeitmeansomething,andtodothatyoumusthavesomeideawhyyou’rethere,whatyouhopetogetoutofit,and(35)_____evenwhatyouhopetobecome.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirection:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollwingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingchoices.Eachchoieinthebankisidentificatedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswereSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Question36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.It’sourguiltypleasure:WatchingTVisthemostcommoneverydayactivity,afterworkandsleep,inmanypartsoftheworld.AmericansviewfivehoursofTVeachday,andwhileweknowthatspendingsomuchtimesitting___36___canleadtoobesity(肥胖症)andotherdiseases,researchershavenowquantifiedjusthow___37___beingacouchpotatocanbe.Inananalysisofdatafromeightlarge___38___publishedstudies,aHarvard-ledgroupreportedintheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationthatforeverytwohoursperdayspentchannel___39___,theriskofdevelopingType2diabetes(糖尿病)rose20%over8.5years,theriskofheartdiseaseincreased15%overa___40___,andtheoddsofdyingpermaturely___41___13%duringaseven-yearfollow-up.Allofthese___42____arelinkedtoalackofphysicalexercise.Butcomparedwithothersedentary(久坐的)activities,likeknitting,viewingTVmaybeespecially__43___atpromotingunhealthyhabits.Forone,thesheernumberofhourswepasswatchingTVdwarfsthetimewespendonanythingelse.Andotherstudieshavefoundthatwatchingadsforbeerandpopcornmaymakeyoumorelikelyto___44___them.Evenso,theauthorsadmitthattheydidn’tcomparedifferentsedentaryactivitiesto___45___whetherTVwatchingwaslinkedtoagreaterriskofdiabetes,heartdiseaseorclearlydeathcomparedwith,say,reading.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A)climbedI)previouslyB)consemeJ)resumeC)decadeK)sufferedD)determineL)sufferingE)effectIveM)termF)harmfulN)terminalsG)outcomesO)twistingH)passivelySectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattavchedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2Essay-grandingSoftwareOfficersProfessorsaBreak[A]Imaginetakingacollegeexam,andinsteadofhandinginabluebookandgettingagradefromaprofessoerafewweekslater,clickingthe“send”buttonwhenyouaredoneandreceivingagradebackinstantly,youressayscoredbyasoftwareprogram.Andthen,insteadofbeingdonewiththeexam,imaginethatthesystemwouldimmediatelyletyourewritethetesttotrytoimproveyourgrade.[B]Edx,thenonprofitenterprisefoundedbyHarvardandtheMassachusettsInstituteofThnology(MIT)tooffercoursesontheInternet,hasjustintroducedsuchasystemandwillmakeitsautomated(自动的)softwareavailablefreeontheWebtoanyinstitutioonsthatwantstouseit.Thesoftwareusesartificialintelligencetogradestudentessaysandshortwrittenanswers,freeingprofessorsforothertasks.[C]Thenewservicewillbringtheeducationalconsortium(联盟)intoagrowingconflictovertheroleoftheautomationeducation.Altoughautomatedgradingsystemsformultiple-choiceandtrue-falsetestsarenowwidespread,theuseofartificialintelligencetechnologytogradeessayanswershasnotyetprovidedwidespreadacceptancebyeducationsandhasmanycritics.[D]AnantAgarwal,anelectricalengineerwhoispresidentofEdx,predictedthattheinstantgradingsoftwarewouldbeausefulteachingtool,enablingstudentstotaketestsandwriteessaysoverandoverandimprovethequalityoftheiranswers.Hesaidthetechnologywouldofferdistinctadvantagesoverthetraditionalclassroomsystem,wherestudentsoftenwaitdaysorweeksforgrades.“Thersisahugevalueinlearningwithinstantfeedback,”Dr.Agarwalsaid,“Studentsaretellingustheylearnmuchbetterwithinstantfeedback.”[E]Butskeptics(怀疑者)saytheautomatedsystemisnomatterforliveteachers.Onelongtimecritic,LesPerelman，hasdrawnnationalattentionseveraltimesforputtingtogethernonsenseessaysthathavefooledsoftwaregradingprogramsintogivinghighmarks.Hehasalsobeenhighlycriticalofstudiesclaimingthatthesoftwarecompareswelltohumangrades.[F]Heisamongagroupofeducatorswholastmonthbegancirculatingapetition(呼吁)opposingautomatedassessmentsoftware.Thegroup,whichcallsitselfProfessionalsAgainstMachineScoringofStudentEssaysinHigh-StakesAssessment,hascollectednearly2,000signatures,includingsomefromfamouspeoplelikeNoamChomsky.[G]“Let’sfacetherealitiesofautomaticessayscoring,”thegroup’sstatementreadsinpart.“Computerscannot‘read’.Theycannotmeasuretheessentialsofeffectivewrittencommunication:accuracy,reasoning,adequacyofevidence,goodsense,ethical(伦理)position,convincingargument,meaningfulorganization,andclarity,amongothers.”[H]ButEdXexpertsitssoftwaretobewidelybyschoolsanduniversities.ItoffersfreeonlineclassesfromHarvard,MITandtheUniversityofCalifornia-Berkeley;thisfall,itwilladdclassesfromWellesley,GeogetownandtheUniversityofTexas.Inall,12universitiesparticipateinEdX,whichofferscertificatesforcoursecompletionandhassaidthatitplanstocontinuetoexpandnextyear,includingaddinginternationalschools.[I]TheEdXassessmenttoolrequireshumanteachers,orgraders100essayoressayquestions.Thesystemthenusesavarietyofmachine-learningtechniquestotrainitselftobeabletogradeanynumberofessaysoranswersautomaticallyandalmostinstantly.Thesoftwarewillassignagradedependingonthescoringsystemcreatedbytheteacher,whetheritisalettergradeornumerical(数字的)rank.[J]Edxisnotthefirsttousetheautomatedassessmenttechnology,whichdatestoearlycomputersinthe1960s.thereisnowarangeofcompaniesofferingcommercialprogramstogradewrittentestanswers,andfourstates—Louisiana,NorthDakota,UtahandWestVirginia—areusingsomeformofthetechnologyinsecondschools.Afifth,Indiana,hasexperimentedwithit.Insomecasesthesoftwareisusedasa“secondreader”,tocheckthereliabilityofthehumangraders.[K]ButthegrowinginfluenceoftheEdxconsortiumtosetstandardsislikelytogivethetechnologyaboost.OnTuesday,StanfordannouncedthatitwouldworkwithEdXtodevelopajointeducationalsystemthatwillmakeuseoftheautomatedassessmenttechnology.[L]Twostart-ups,CourseraandUdacity,recentlyfoundedbyStanfordfacultymemberstocreate“massiveopenonlinecourses,”orMOOCs,arealsocommittedtoautomatedassessmentsystemsbecauseofthevalueofinstantfeedback.“itallowsstudentstogetimmediatefeedbackontheirwork,sothatlearningturnsintoagame,withstudentsnaturallygravitating(吸引)towardresubmittingtheworkuntiltheygetitright,”saidDaphneKoller,acomputerscientistandafounderofCoursera.[M]LastyeartheHewlettFoundation,agrant-makingorganizationsetupbyoneoftheHewlett-Packardfoundersandhiswife,sponsoredtwo$100,000Prizesaimedatimprovingsoftwarethatgradesessayandshortanswers.Morethan150teamsenteredeachcategory.AwinnerofoneoftheHewlettcontents,VikParuchurtwashiredbyEdXtohelpdesignitsassessmentsoftware.[N]“Oneofourfocusistohelpkidslearnhowtothinkcritically,”saidVuchic,aprogramofficerattheHewlettFoundation.“It’sprobablyimpossibletodothatwithmultiple-choicetests”.Thechallengeisthatthisrequireshumangraders,andsotheycostalotmoreandtheytakealotofmoretime.[O]MarkD.Shermis,aprofessorattheUniversityofAkroninOhio,supervisedtheHewlettFoundation’scontestonautomatedessayscoringandwroteapaperabouttheexperiment.Inhisview,thetechnology—thoughimperfect—hasaplaceineducationalsettings.[P]Withincreasinglargeclass,itisimpossibleformostteacherstogivestudentsmeaningfulfeedbackonwritingassignments,hesaidPlus,henoted,criticsofthetechnologyhavetendedtocomefromthenation’sbestuniversities,wherethelevelofteachingismuchbetterthanatmostschools.[Q]“Oftentheycomefromveryfamousinstitutionswhere,infact,theydoamuchbetterjobofprovidingfeedbackthanamachineovercould,”Dr.Shermissaid.“Thereseemstobealackofappreciationofwhatisactuallygoingonintherealworld.”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。46Someprofessorsineducationarecollectingsignaturestovoicetheiroppositiontoautomatedessaygrading.47usingsoftwaretogradestudents’essaysavesteacherstimeforotherwork.48theHewlettcontestsaimatimprovingessaygradingsoftware.49Thoughtheautomatedgradingsystemiswidelyusedinmultiple-choicetests,automatedessaygradingisstillcriticizedbymanyeducators.50Somepeopledon’tbelievethesoftwaregradingsystemcandoasgoodajobashumangraders.51Criticsofautomatedessayscoringdonotseemtoknowthetruerealitiesinlesesfamousuniversity.52Criticsarguemanyimportantaspectsofeffectivewritingcannotmeasuredbycomputerratingprograms.53Asclasssizegrows,mostteachersareunabletogivestudentvaluablecommentsastohowtoimprovetheirwriting.54Theautomatedassessmenttechnologyissometimesusedtodoublechecktheworkofhumangraders.55Studentsfindinstantfeedbackhelpstheirlearningconsiderably.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.PassageOneQuestion56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Acrosstherichworld,well-educatedpeopleincreasinglyworklongerthantheless-skilled.Some65%ofAmericanmenaged62-74withaprofessionaldegreeareintheworkforce,comparedwith32%ofmenwithonlyahigh-schoolcertificate.Thisgapispartofadeepeningdividebetweenthewell-educationwelloffandtheunskilledpoor.Rapidtechnologicaladvancehasraisedtheincomesofthehighlyskilledwhilesqueezingthoseoftheunskilled.Theconsequences,forindividualandsociety,areprofound.Theworldisfacingasastonishingriseinthenumberofoldpeople,andtheywilllivelongerthaneverbefore.Overthenext20yearstheglobalpopulationofthoseaged65ormorewillalmostdouble,from600millionto1.1billion.Theexperienceofthe20thcentury,whengreaterlongevity(长寿)translatedintomoreyearsinretirementratherthanmoreyearsatwork,haspersuadedmanyobserversthatthisshiftwillleadtoslowereconomicgrowth,whiletheswellingranksofpensionerswillcreategovernmentbudgetproblems.Butthenotionofasharpdivisionbetweentheworkingyoungandtheidleoldmissesanewtrend,thegrowinggapbetweentheskilledandtheunskilled.Employmentratesarefallingamongyoungerunskilledpeople,whereasolderskilledfolkareworkinglonger.ThedivideismostextremeinAmerica,wherewell-educatedbaby-boomers(二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)areputtingoffretirementwhilemanyless-skilledyoungerpeoplehavedroppedoutoftheworkforce.Thateventhebetter-offmustworklongertohaveacomfortableretirement.Butthechangingnatureofworkalsoplaysabigrole.Payhasrisensharplyforthehighlyeducated,andthosepeoplecontinuetoreaprichrewardsintooldagebecausethesedaystheeducatedelderlyaremoreproductivethantheprecedinggeneration.Technologicalchangemaywellreinforcethatshift:theskillsthatcomplementcomputers,frommanagementknowhowtocreativity.Donotnecessarilydeclinewithage.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。56、whatishappeningintheworkforceinrichcountries?A.youngerpeoplearereplacingtheelderlyB.well-educatedpeopletendtoworklongerC.unemploymentratesarerisingyearafteryearD.peoplewithnocollegedegreedonoteasilyfindwork57、whathashelpeddeepenthedividebetweenthewell-offandpoor?A.LongerlifeexpectanciesB.ProfoundchangesintheworkforceC.rapidtechnologicaladvance.D.Agrowingnumberofwell-graduated.58、whatdomanyobserverspredictinviewoftheexperienceofthe20thcentury?A.Economicgrowthwillslowdown.B.Governmentbudgetswillincrease.C.MorepeoplewilltrytopursuehighereducationD.Therewillbemorecompetitioninthejobmarket.59、WhatistheresultofpolicychangesinEuropeancountries?A.Unskilledworkersmaychoosetoretireearly.B.morepeoplehavetoreceivein-servicetraining.C.Evenwealthypeoplemustworklongertolivecomfortablyinretirement.D.Peoplemaybeabletoenjoygenerousdefined-benefitsfrompensionplans.60、Whatischaracteristicofworkinthe21stcentury?A.Computerswilldomorecomplicatedwork.B.Morewillbetakenbytheeducatedyoung.C.Mostjobstobedonewillbecreativeones.D.Skillsarehighlyvaluedregardlessofage.PassageTwoQuestions61-65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Someoftheworld’smostsignificantproblemsneverhitheadlines.Oneexamplecomesfromagriculture.Foodriotsandhungermakenews.Butthetrendlyingbehindthesemattersisrarelytalkedabout.Thisisthedeclineinthegrowthinyieldsofsomeoftheworld’smajorcrops.AnewstudybytheUniversityofMinnesotaandMcGillUniversityinMontreallooksatwhere,andhowfar,thisdeclineisoccurring.Theauthorstakeavastnumberofdatapointsforthefourmostimportantcrops:rice,wheatcornandsoybeans(大豆).Theyfindthatonbetween24%and39%ofallharvestedareas,theimprovementinyieldsthattoodplacebeforethe1980ssloweddowninthe1990sand2000s.Therearetwoworryingfeaturesoftheslowdown.Oneisthatithasbeenparticularlysharpintheworld’smostpopulous(人口多的)countries,IndiaandChina.Theirabilitytofeedthemselveshasbeenanimportantsourceofrelativestabilitybothwithinthecountriesandonworldfoodmarkets.Thatself-sufficiencycannotbetakenforgrantedifyieldscontinuetoslowdownorreverse.Second,yieldgrowthhasbeenlowerinwheatandricethanincornandsoyabeans.Thisisproblematicbecausewheatandricearemoreimportantasfoods,accountingforaroundhalfofallcaloriesconsumed.Cornandsoyabeansaremoreimportantasfeedgrains.Theauthorsnotethat“wehavepreferentiallyfocusedourcropimprovementeffortsonfeedinganimalsandcarsratherthanoncropsthatfeedpeopleandarethebasisoffoodsecurityinmuchoftheworld.”Thereportqualifiesthemoreoptimisticfindingsofanothernewpaperwhichsuggeststhattheworldwillnothavetodigupalotmorelandforfarminginordertofeed9billionpeoplein2050,astheFoodandAgricultureOrganisationhasargued.Instead,itsays,thankstoslowingpopulationgrowth,landcurrentlyploughtedupforcropsmightbeabletorevert(回返)toforestorwilderness.Thiscouldhappen.Thetroubleisthattheforecastassumescontinuedimprovementsinyields,whichmaynotactuallyhappen.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。61.Whatdoestheauthortrytodrawattentionto?A)Foodriotsandhungerintheworld.C)Thedeclineofthegrainyieldgrowth.B)Newsheadlinesintheleadingmedia.D)Thefoodsupplyinpopulouscountries.62.WhydoestheauthormentionIndiaandChinainparticular?A)Theirself-sufficiencyisvitaltothestabilityofworldfoodmarkets.B)Theirfoodyieldshavebeguntodecreasesharplyinrecentyears.C)Theirbigpopulationsarecausingworldwideconcerns.D)Theirfoodself-sufficiencyhasbeentakenforgranted.63.Whatdoesthenewstudybythetwouniversitiessayaboutrecentcropimprovementefforts?A)Theyfailtoproducethesameremarkableresultsasbeforethe1980s.B)Theycontributealottotheimprovementofhumanfoodproduction.C)Theyplayamajorroleinguaranteeingthefoodsecurityoftheworld.D)Theyfocusmoreontheincreaseofanimalfeedthanhumanfoodgrains.64.WhatdoestheFoodandAgricultureOrganisationsayaboutworldfoodproductioninthecomingdecades?A)Thegrowingpopulationwillgreatlyincreasethepressureonworldfoodsupplies.B)Theoptimisticpredictionaboutfoodproductionshouldbeviewedwithcaution.C)Theslowdownofthegrowthinyieldsofmajorfoodcropswillbereversed.D)Theworldwillbeabletofeeditspopulationwithoutincreasingfarmland.65.HowdoestheauthorviewtheargumentoftheFoodandAgricultureOrganisation?A)Itisbuiltonthefindingsofanewstudy.B)Itisbasedonadoubtfulassumption.C)Itisbackedbystrongevidence.D)Itisopentofurtherdiscussion.PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.在西方人心目中，和中国联系最为密切的基本食物是大米。长期以来，大米在中国人的饮食中占据很重要的地位，以至于有谚语说“巧妇难为无米之炊”。中国南方大多种植水稻，人们通常以大米为主食;而华北大部分地区因为过于寒冷或过于干燥，无法种植水稻，那里的主要作物是小麦。在中国，有些人用面粉做面包，但大多数人用面粉做馒头和面条。注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。2015年12月四级考试题目与解析以下内容均来自于有道考神团队，转载时请务必注明来源。写作四级写作题目及范文此内容由有道考神发布，转载请注明出处。限于时间，疏漏难免，仅供参考。范文提供：@老师王菲@欧阳萍老师写作第一版：Forthispart，youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingonthesaying"Learningisadailyexperienceandalifetimemission."Youcanciteexamplestoillustratetheimportanceoflifelonglearning“.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.破题思路:第一段:解释引言内容.提出文章的主旨:“学习的重要性”第二段:分析原因此处可以结合例子.第三段:得出结论此文章写作时可以全面参照有道考神四级写作课程中“功能句”的讲解。参考范文:Learningisadailyexperienceandalifetimemission.Thisisaproverbfulloflogic.Inotherwords,learningissignificantinourwholelife.Indeed,wecanlearnmanythingsfromit.Ifyouunderstanditandapplyittoyourstudyorwork,you’llnecessarilybenefitalotfromit.Therearemanyreasonswhichcanexplainthisphenomenonandthefollowingarethetypicalones.Thefirstreasonisthatlearningcanlightourroadinthecomingfuture.Thereisnodenyingthefactthatthesocietyisdevelopingincreasinglyfastandweareofteneasilysurpassedbythepeoplearound.Theonlywaytoavoidthisistolearntoimproveourselves.Asanillustration,I’dliketotakemyselfasanexample.Aftergraduationfromcollege,mylifehasbeenfullofworkingpressure,whichcontributestomydecisionofpursuingfurthereducation.That’swhyIcanmakemyownwayinsuchacompetitivesociety.Theeffectoflearningcanbeboileddowntotwomajorones.First,withthespiritoflearning,wearemorecapableofovercomingthedifficultiesinthefuture.Moreimportantly,wecanenrichoursparetimelifebylearning.Nomatterwhoyouare,youmustrememberthatlearningisthebasicskillinourlife.写作第二版：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingonthesaying"Listeningismoreimportantthantalking."Youcanciteexamplestoillustratetheimportanceofpayingattentiontoothers\'opinions.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.破题思路:第一段:解释引言内容.提出文章的主旨:“倾听重要性”第二段:分析原因此处可以结合例子.第三段:得出结论此文章写作时可以全面参照有道考神四级写作课程中“功能句”的讲解。“Listeningismoreimportantthantalking.”Thisproverbmeansthatlisteningissomethingworthwhiletoconsiderwhenwehavecommunicationwithothers.Peopleoftenfocusontheirspeakingability,believingthatgoodspeakingequalsgoodcommunication.Thereissometruthinthisstatement,butpeoplewhoholdthisopinionignoreamoreimportantfact.Godgavepeopletwoearsandonemouth,soitrequiresustokeeptheratiosoflisteningandspeakingbytwotoone.Theabilitytospeakwellisanecessarycomponenttosuccessfulcommunication.Thecapabilityoflisteningisasimportantasspeakinginthatlisteningisthebestrespectforpeoplearoundus.Listenattentivelywhenothersarespeaking.Itisthebestandthemosteffectivecomplimentthatyoucangivethem.Toconclude,Listeningcanpreventinterruptionorformulatearesponseevenbeforeotherspeakershavefinished.Goodlistenersareoftensomeofthebestspeakerswhocanimprovethequalityofthecommunication.Solistenersshouldinteractwithspeakers,andrespondpromptly.写作第三版：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingonthesaying“Nevergoouttheretoseewhathappens,goouttheretomakethingshappen.”Youcanciteexamplestoillustratetheimportanceofbeingparticipantsratherthanmereonlookersinlife.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.破题思路:第一段:解释引言内容.提出文章的主旨:“实践重要性”第二段:分析原因此处可以结合例子.第三段:得出结论注：此版本在我们文章：可能创造历史的押题文章中，社会实践的话题，已经押中。Thereisanoldsaying“Nevergoouttheretoseewhathappens,goouttheretomakethingshappen”.It’stheexperienceofourforefathers，however，itiscorrectinmanycaseseventoday.Onlywhenyouparticipatemorecanyoumakethingsperfect.Participationhasbeenmoreandmoreimportantinthesociety.Studentsareaskedtoentersocietyandgetsomeideasofit.Surelyparticipationhasmanyadvantages.Firstly,itcanofferstudentsachancetocontactsocietyandmeetdifferentkindsofpeople.Inthiswaypeoplecangainsomevaluablesocialexperience,whichwillbeusefultotheirfuturelife.Secondly,ascollegestudents,wecanapplywhattheyhavelearnedinclasstopracticalwork,thusknowingthemselvesmoreclearly.TakethestudyoforalEnglishforexample,participationinanychancesofcommunicationswithothersinEnglish,whichenablesustobecomefluentinspeaking.Insummary,participationisthekeyfactorinourdailylifenomatterwhoyouare,nomatterwhatyouaredoing.Weshouldputtheirstudiesinthefirstplaceandseeparticipationjustasausefulsupplement,sotheyoughttotrytostrikeabalancebetweenthem.1.B.Theyenjoyedthemovieonspaceexploration.2.A.Atagiftshop.3.C.Hedeclinedajobofferfromtheartgallery.4.D.Hewillbeunabletoattendthebirthdayparty.5.B.Setadeadlineforthestafftomeet.6.A.Theywaytothevisitor’sparking.7.D.Hehasbenefitedfromexercise.8.D.Thesecretariesintheman’scompany.9.B.ItisusedbymorepeoplethanEnglish.10.C.TheinfluenceoftheBritishEmpire.11.Itincludesalotofwordsfromotherlanguages.12.Toplaceanorder13.Heisnotfamiliarwiththeexactdetailsofgoods.14.Itdependsonanumberoffactors.15.Ringbackwhenshecomestoadecision.16.Nooneknowsforsurewhentheycameintobeing.17.Carryropesacrossriver.18.Toprovethelightingiselectricity.19.Shecanspeakseverallanguages.20.Theyhaveanintenseinterestincross-culturalinteractions.21.ShewasabletotranslateforaGermansportsjudge.22.Tastethebeefandgivehercomment.23.Hegrewupinapoorsingleparenthousehold.24.Stupid25.Writetwobookreportsaweek.27.fascinating29.Nowandthen32.characteristics34.naked35.relatively翻译第一版云南省的丽江古镇是中国著名的旅游目的地之一。那里的生活节奏比大多数中国的城市都要缓慢。丽江到处都是美丽的自然风光，众多的少数民族同胞提供了各式各样，丰富多彩的文化让游客体验。历史上，丽江还以“爱之城”而闻名。当地人中流传着许多关于人生，为爱而死的故事。如今，在中外游客眼中，这个古镇被视为爱情和浪漫的天堂。（paradise）Lijiang,anancienttownofYunnanProvince,isoneofthemostfamoustouristdestinations.ItspaceoflifeisslowerthanthatofmostcitiesofChina.TherearemanynaturalbeautieseverywhereinLijiangandmanyethnicalminoritiesprovidetouristswithagreatvarietyofculturalexperience.Lijiangisalsowell-knownasthe“cityoflove”inhistory.Manystoriesaboutlifeanddyingforlovehavespreadedwidelyamongthelocals.Nowadays,fortouristshomeandabroad,theancienttownisregardedasaparadiseofloveandromance.第二版今年在长沙举行了一年一度的外国人汉语演讲比赛。这项比赛证明是促进中国和世界其他地区文化交流的好方法。它为世界各地的年轻人提供了更好地了解中国的机会。来自87个国家共计126位选手聚集在湖南省省会参加了从7月6日到8月5日进行的半决赛和决赛。比赛并不是唯一的活动。选手们还有机会参观了中国其他地区的著名景点和历史名胜。TheannualChineselanguagespeechcompetitionwasheldinChangshathisyear.ThiscontesthasbeenprovedtobeagoodwaytopromoteculturalcommunicationbetweenChinaandtherestoftheworld.ItprovidedabetterchancetounderstandChinaforyoungpeoplearoundtheworld.Atotalof126contestantsfrom87countriesgatheredinthecapitalofHunanProvinceandparticipatedinthesemi-finalandfinalfromJuly6thtoAugust5th.Thecompetitionwasnottheonlyactivity.Contestantsalsohadtheopportunitytovisitwell-knownscenicspotsandhistoricalsitesinotherpartsofChina.第三版中国父母往往过于关注孩子的学习，以至于不要他们帮忙做家务。他们对孩子的唯一要求就是努力学习，考得好，能上名牌大学。他们相信这是为孩子好，因为在中国这样竞争激烈的社会里，只有成绩好才能保证前途光明。中国父母还认为，如果孩子能在社会上取得大的成就，父母就会受到尊敬。因此，他们愿意牺牲自己的时间、爱好和兴趣，为孩子创造更好的条件。Chineseparentshavefrequentlytendedtopaytoomuchattentiontotheirchildren\'sstudy,sothatchildrendon’thelpthemdothehousework.Theironlyrequirementfortheirchildrenistostudyhard,performwellintheexams,andgotoafamous/prestigiousuniversity.Theybelieveitisgoodfortheirchildren,becauseinsuchahighlycompetitivesociety,onlygoodresultscouldensureapromisingfuture.Chineseparentsalsobelievethatparentswillbehonorediftheirchildrencanachievegreatsuccessinsociety.Therefore,theyarewillingtosacrificetheirowntime,hobbiesandinterests,tocreatemuchbetterconditionsforchildren.听力原文2015年12月四级听力原文第一版本文内容由有道考神原创，转载时请注明出处。时间仓促，听抄所得，难免疏漏，仅供参考。更多答案，请关注新浪微博@建昆老师Part1短对话Question1-M:Doyourememberthewonderfulfilmonspaceexplorationwewatchedtogetherlastmonth?-W:Sure.It’sactuallythemostimpressiveoneI’veseenonthattopic.Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthespeakers?Question2-W:Areyoulookingforanythinginparticular?-M:Yes.Mysonisgraduatingfromhighschool,andIwanttogethimsomethingspecial.Q:Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?Question3-M:Miketoldmeyesterdaythathehadbeenlookinginvainforajobintheartgallery.-W:Really?IfIrememberright,hehadachancetoworkthere,butheturneditdown.Q:WhatdoesthewomansayaboutMike?Question4-W:WouldyouliketocometoSusan’sbirthdaypartytomorrowevening?-M:I’mgoingtogivealecturetomorrow.IwishIcouldbeintwoplacesatthesametime.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?Question5-W:Aren’tyoudiscouragedbytheslowprogressyourstaffismaking?-M:Yes.IthinkIwillgivethemadeadlineandholdthemtoit.Q:Whatisthemanprobablygoingtodo?Question6-W:Excuseme.Couldyoutellmewherethevisitors’parkingis?Ileftmycarthere.-M:Sure.It’sinLotC.Overthatway.Q:Whatdoesthewomanwanttoknow?Question7-W:Youlookgreat!Nowthatyou’vetakenthosefitnessclasses.-M:Thanks.I’veneverfeltbetterinmylife.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?Question8-W:Ireallyadmiretheefficiencyofyoursecretaries.-M:Ourcompanyselectsonlythebest.Theyhaveaheaveworkloadandwegivethemalotofresponsibilities.Q:Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?Part2长对话Conversion1W:HiLeo,whydoyousayEnglishwouldbecometheworldlanguage?M:Well.Foronething,it’ssocommonlyused,theonlylanguagethatisusedbymorepeopleisChinese.W:WhyisEnglishspokenbysomanypeople?M:It’sspokeninmanycountriesoftheworldbecauseoftheBritishempire.AndnowofcourseistheinfluenceofAmericaaswell.W:ManystudentsfindEnglishadifficultlanguagetolearn.M:Oh,alllanguagesaredifficulttolearn.ButEnglishdoeshavetwogreatestadvantages.W:Whatarethey?M:Well,firstofall,ithasaveryinternationalvocabulary.IthasmanyGerman,Dutch,French,SpanishandItalianwordsinit.SospeakersofthoselanguageswillfindmanyfamiliarwordsinEnglish.Infact,Englishhaswordsformanyotherlanguagesaswell.W:Whyisthat?M:Well,partlybecauseEnglishspeakershavetravelledalot,theybringbackwordswiththem.SoEnglishreallydoeshaveaninternationalvocabulary.W:AndwhatistheotheradvantageofEnglish?M:ItthatEnglishgrammarisreallyquiteeasy.Forexample,itdoesn’thavedozensofdifferentendingsforitsnouns,adjectivesandverbs,notlikeLatin,RussianandGermanforexample.W:Whyisthat?M:Well,it’squiteinterestingactually,it’sbecauseoftheFrench.WhentheFrenchruledEngland,Frenchwastheofficiallanguage,andonlythecommonpeoplespokeEnglish.Theytriedtomaketheirlanguageassimpleaspossible.Sotheymadethegrammareasier.Questions9to11arebasedontheconversationyou’vejustheard.Q9:WhatdoesthemansayaboutChinese?Q10:WhatmadeEnglishawidelyusedlanguage?Q11:WhatissaidtobespecialaboutEnglishvocabulary?Conversation2Man:Hello.Yes?Woman:Hello.Isthatthesalesdepartment?M:Yes,itis.W:Oh,well.MynameisJaneKingsburyofGPFlimited.Weneedsomesuppliesforourdesignoffice.M:Oh,whatsort?W:Well,firstofall,weneedonecompletenewdrawingboard.M:DO44orDO45?W:Ah,Idon’tknow.What’sthedifference?M:Well,the45costs15poundsmore.W:Sowhat’sthetotalpricethen?M:It’s387pounds.W:Dosethatincludevalued-addedtax?M:Oh,I’mnotsure.Mostofthepricesdo.Yes,Ithinkitdoes.W:Whataretheboardsactuallymadeof?M:Oh,Idon’tknow.Ithinkit\'sasortofplasticstuffthesedays.It’swhiteanyway.W:Andhowlongdoesittaketodeliver?M:Oh,Icouldn’treallysay.Itdependsonhowmuchworkwe’vegotandhowmanyotherorderstherearetosendout,youknow.W:Ok,nowwealsowantsomedrawingpens,inkandrulers,andsomedrawingpaper.M:Ohdear.Thegirlwhotakesallthosesuppliesisn’therethismorning.SoIcan’ttakethoseordersforyou.Ionlydotheequipmentyousee.W:Ok,well,perhapsI’llringbacktomorrow.M:Sodoyouwantthedrawingboardthen?W:Oh,Ihavetothinkaboutit.Thanksverymuch.I’llletyouknow.Good-bye.M:Thankyou.Good-bye.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyoujustheard.Question12:Whatisthewoman’spurposeinmakingthephonecall?Question13:Whatdowelearnaboutthemanfromtheconversation?Question14:Whatdoesthemansayaboutdelivery?Question15:Whatdoesthewomansayshewillpossiblydotomorrow?Part3短文短文1Nooneknowsforsurejusthowoldkitesare.Infact,theyhavebeeninuseforcenturies.25centuriesago,kiteswerewell-knowninChina.Thesefirstkiteswereprobablymadeofwood.Theymayevenhavebeencoveredwithsilk,becausesilkwereusedalotatthattime.Earlykiteswerebuiltforcertainuses.InancientChina,theywillusetocarryropestocrossrivers.Onceacross,theropeswereteardownandwoodenbridgeswouldhangforthem.LegendtellsofoneGeneralwhoflewmusicalkitesovertheenemies’camp.Theenemyfled,believingthesoundstobethewarmingvoicesofangels.Bythe15thcentury,manypeopleflewkitesinEurope.MarcoPolomayhavebroughtthekitebackfromhisvisittoChina.Thekitehasbeenlinkedtogreatnamesandevents.Forinstance,BenjaminFranklinusedkitetoprovethelighteningelectricity.Heflewthekiteinthestorm.Hedidthisinordertodrawlighteningfromtheclouds.Hetiedametalkeyandastripofsilktothekiteline.Thesilkribbonwouldstopthelighteningfrompassingthroughhisbody.Benjamin’sideawasfirstlaughedat.Butlateron,itenlightenedtheinventionofthelighteningrod.Withsuchgrandhistory,kiteflyingisshortremainanentertainingandpopularsport.Question16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Question16:Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutkite?Question17:WhatdidancientChineseusecatstodo?Question18:WhydidBFfliedakiteinthestorm?短文2Ihavelearntmanylanguages,butI’mnotmasteredthemthewaytheprofessionalinterpreterortranslatorhas.Still,theyhaveopendoorsforme.Theyhaveallowedmetheopportunitytoseekjobsininternationalcontextsandhelpmegetthosejobs.Likemanypeoplewhohavelivedoverseasforawhile,Isimplygotcrazyaboutit.Ican’timagelivingmyprofessionalorsociallifewithoutinternationalinteractions.Since1977,IhavespentmuchmoretimeabroadthanintheUnitedStates.Ilikegoingtonewplaces,eatingnewfoodsandexperiencingnewcultures.Ifyoucanspeakthelanguage,it’seasiertogettoknowthecountryanditspeople.IfIhadthetimeandmoney.Iwouldliveforayearinasmanycountriesaspossible.Beyondmycareer,myfacilitywithlanguageshasgivenmeafewrareopportunities.Once,justafterIreturnedmyyearinVienna.IwasaskedtotranslateforaGermanjudgeatOlympiclevelhorseeventandlearnedalotaboutthesport.InJapan,oncewhenIwasinthestudioaudienceofaTVcookingshow,IwasaskedtogouponthestageandtastethebeefdishthatwasbeingpreparedandtellwhatIthought.Theyasked”WasitasgoodasAmericanbeef?”ItwasveryexcitingformetobeonJapaneseTV,speakinginJapaneseabouthowdeliciousthebeefwas.Questions19to22arebasedonthepassageyou’vejustheard.Question19Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutherself?Question20Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutmanypeoplewhohavelivedoverseasforawhile?Question21HowdidthespeakerexperienceoflivinginViennabenefither?Question22WhatwasthespeakeraskedtodointheJapanesestudio?短文3Dr.BenCarsengrewupinapoorsingleparenthouse-holdinDetroit.Hismother,whohadonlya3rdgradeeducationheldstwojobscleaningbathrooms.Tohisclassmatesandeventohisteachershewasthoughtofasthedummestkidinhisclass.Accordingtohisownnotsofondmemories.Hehadaterribletemper,andoncethreatenedtokillanotherchild.Dr.Carsenwasheadeddownpartofselddistractionuntilacriticalmomentinhisyouth.Hismotherconvincedthathehadtodosomethingdramaticpreventingleadingalifeoffailurelaiddownsomerules.Hecouldnotwatchtelevisionexceptfortwoprogramsaweek,couldnotplaywithhisfriendsafterschooluntilhefinishedhishomework.Andhadtoreadtwobooksaweek,andwritebookreportsaboutthem.Hismother’sstrategyworked.“Ofcourse,Ididn’tknowshecouldn’tread.SothereIwassubmittingthesereports.”hesaid.Shewouldputcheckmarksonthemlikeshehadbeenreadingthem.AsIbegantoreadaboutscientists，economistsandphilosophers.Istartedimagingmyselfintheirshoes.Ashegotintothehobbitofhardwork,hisgradebegantosoar.UltimatelyhereceivedascholarshiptoattendingYaleUniversity,andlaterhewasadmittedtotheUniversityofMichiganMedicalSchool.HeisnowaleadingsurgeonatJohnsHopkinsMedicalSchoolandheisalsotheauthorofthethreebooks.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyou’vejustheard.Q23WhatdowelearnaboutBenCarsen?Q24WhatdidBenCaren’sclassmatesandteachersthinkofhimwhenhewasfirstatschool?Q25WhatdidBenCarsen’smothertellhimtodowhenhewasaschoolboy?Part4听写题Whenyoulookupatthenightsky,whatdoyousee?Thereareotherheavenlybodiesouttherebesidesthemoonandstars.Oneofthemostfascinatingofthisisacomet.Cometswereformedaroundthesametheearthwasformed.Theyaremadeupoficeandotherfrozenliquidsandgasses.Nowandthenthesedirtysnowballsbegintoorbitthesunjustastheplanetsdo.Asacometgetsclosertothesun.Somegassesinitbegintounfreeze.Theycombinewithdustparticlesfromthecomettoformahugecloud.Asthecometgetsevennearertothesunandsolarwindblowsthecloudbehindthecometthusformingitstail.Thetailandgenerallyfuzzyatmospherearoundthecometarecharacteristicsthatcanhelpidentifythisphenomenoninthenightsky.Inanygivenyear,aboutdozenknowncometscomeclosetothesunintheirorbits.Theaveragepersoncan’tseethemallofcourse.Usuallythereisonlyoneortwoayearbrightenoughtobeseenwiththenakedeye.CometHale-Boppdiscoveredin1995wasanunusuallybrightcomet.Itsorbitboughtrelativelytotheearthwithin122millionmilesofit.ButHale-Boppcamealongwayonitsearthlyvisit.Itwon’tbebackforanother4thousandyearsorso.阅读部分2015年12月四级阅读全套答案更新中，请耐心关注。有道考神版本答案，转载请注明来源，答案仅供参考。第一版36.N)saw37.F)decades38.H)globally39.D)chances40.J)occurs41.A)additional42.B)associated43.G)experiences44.M)reduce45.K)populationsHowtoEatWell46.Cookingbenefitspeopleinmanywaysandenablesthemtoconnectwithoneanother.答案：DShouldn’tpreparing—andconsuming—foodbeasourceofcomfort,pride,health,well-being,relaxation,sociability?…47.AbundantinformationaboutcookingisavailableeitheronlineoronTV.答案：BIt’snotbecausefreshingredientsarehardtocomeby…48.Youngpeopledolesscookingathomethantheelderlythesedays.答案：F．Perhapsareturntorealcookingneedn’tbefaroff…49.Cookingskillscanbeimprovedwithpractice.答案：O.Youdon’thavetohitthegrocerystoredaily,nordoyouneedanabundanceofskill…50.Inthemid-20thcentury,mostfamiliesatedinnerathomeinsteadofeatingout.答案：G.Backinthe1950smostofusgrewupinhouseholdswhereMomcookedvirtuallyeverynight…51.Eventhoseshortoftimeormoneyshouldbeencouragedtocookforthemselvesandtheirfamily答案：E.WhenItalkaboutcooking,I’mnottalkingaboutcreatingelaboratedinnerpartiesorthree-dayscienceprojects.…52.Eatingfoodnotcookedbyourselvescancauseseriousconsequences.答案：J.Therehavebeenhalf-heartedbutwell-publicizedeffortsbysomefoodcompaniestoreducecaloriesintheirprocessedfood,but….53.Toeatwellandstillsavemoney,peopleshouldbuyfreshfoodandcookitthemselves.答案：M.TothoseAmericansforwhommoneyisaconcern…54.Wegetafairlylargeportionofcaloriesfromfastfoodandsnacks.答案：C.Andyetwearen’tcooking…55.ThepopularityofTVledtothepopularityoffrozenfood.答案：H.Althoughfrozendinnerswereinventedinthe‘40s,theirpopularitydidn’tboomuntiltelevisionsbecamepopularadecadeorsolater…DBFOGEJMCH56.A)Itisdisappearing.57.B)electronically.58.D)Spendingmoneyissofastandeasy.59.A)Itrepresentsachangeinthemodernworld.60.C)Hefeelsreluctanttopartwiththetraditionalwallet.61.A)Theyareculture-related.62.C)Theygetlesssleeponpublicholidays.63.C)TheWorldCup.64.B)Theywanttogetsufficientsleep.65.B)Fewpeoplereallyknowtheimportanceofsleep.第二版36Gfavorite37Mprotest38Bamount39Otheories40Iimmediately41Dcrazy42Fdifferences43Jnaturally44Hhappening45NrejectedTheperfectessay46.Theauthorwasadvisedagainsttheimproperuseoffiguresofspeech.答案:I。Shehadnopatienceforbrilliantbutirrelevantfiguresofspeech.47.Theauthor’smothertaughthimavaluablelessonbypointingoutlotsofflawsinhisseeminglyperfectessay.答案：C。Inanyevent,mymotherandherredpenshowedmehowdeeplyflawedaflawlessessaycouldbe.48.Awritershouldpolishhiswritingrepeatedlysoastogetclosertoperfection.答案：K。Repeatedly.Wedooutabsolutebestwithapieceofwriting,andcomeascloseaswecantotheideal.49.Writersmayexperienceperiodsoftimeintheirlifewhentheyjustcan’tproduceanything.答案：E。Forme……writer’sblock——Iwasnotabletoproduceanythingforthreeyears.50.Theauthorwasnotmuchsurprisedwhenhisschoolteachermarkedhisessayas“flawless”.答案：B。ThisdreamcametrueformeOfcourse,Ihadheardthatgeniuscouldshowitselfatanearlyage,soIwasonlyslightlytakenabackthatIhadachievedperfectionatthetenderageof14.51.Criticizingsomeone’sspeechissaidtobeeasierthancomingupwithabetterone.答案：F。……accordingtoPlutarch,“toraiseobjectionsagainstanotherman’sspeech,itisaveryeasymatter;buttoproduceabetterinitsplaceisaworkextremelytroublesome.”52.Theauthorlooksuponhismotherashismostdemandingandcaringinstructor.答案：A。……Icanidentifyonetrulyimpossibleteacher.Shecaredaboutme,andmyintellectuallife,evenwhenIdidn’t.53.Thecriticismtheauthorreceivedfromhismotherchangedhimasaperson.答案：H。Thatwaswhentruecriticism,thetypethatchangedmeasaperson,began.54.Theauthorgraduallyimprovedhiswritingbyavoidingfancylanguage.答案：J。Shetrimmedbackmyflowerylanguage,drewlinesthroughmyexclamationmarksandarguedfor…andslowlymywritingimproved.55.Constructivecriticismgivesanauthoragoodstarttoimprovehiswriting.答案：G。Genuinecriticismcreatesapreciousopeningforanauthortobecomebetteronhisownterms……56.A)Itssuccessishardtocopyanywhereelse.57.B)Lackoftherightkindoftalents.58.A)Itslocationisnotasattractivetorichpeople.59.D)Itisanoldcitywithmanysitesofhistoricalinterest.60.C)theycandomorethanprovidingmoney61.C)Itmaypreventyourbusinessandcareerfromadvancing.62.B)Encouragepeopletodisagreeandargue.63.A)Tofindoutthetruthaboutanissue.64.D)Theytakecarenottohurteachother’sfeelings.65.D)Acknowledgetheircontribution.第三版J—fundamentallyG-expandsO-superficialK-interpretationB-acquiredI-flowsF-elementsM-regardH-familiarA-accustomed46Gitwillnotbedifficult47.Dwhatdistinguishes48A49E50K51H52C53I54B55J56Citmayhaveanegativeeffectoncreativework.57Atheycombineclock-basedandtask-basedplanning58Dtheytendtobemoreproductive.59Bitdoesnotattachenoughimportancetotask-basedpractice60Atask-basedtimingispreferredfordoingcreativework61.AHerpastrecordmightstandinherwaytoanewlife62.Btheyaredeprivedofchancestoturnoveranewleaf63.C.theyaremarginalizedinsociety64Dalotofthemhavenegativeeffectsonsociety65BtoappealforchangesinAmerica’scriminaljusticesystem2016年6月大学英语四级真题（第3套）PartIIIReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Physicalactivitydoesthebodygood,andthere’sgrowingevidencethatithelpsthebraintoo.ResearchersintheNetherlandsreportthatchildrenwhogetmoreexercise,whetheratschoolorontheirown,26tohavehigherGPAsandbetterscoresonstandardizedtests.Ina27of14studiesthatlookedatphysicalactivityandacademic28,investigatorsfoundthatthemorechildrenmoved,thebettertheirgradeswereinschool,29inthebasicsubjectsofmath,Englishandreading.Thedatawillcertainlyfueltheongoingdebateoverwhetherphysicaleducationclassesshouldbecutasschoolsstruggleto30onsmallerbudgets.Theargumentsagainstphysicaleducationhaveincludedconcernsthatgymtimemaybetakingawayfromstudytime.WithstandardizedtestscoresintheU.S.31inrecentyears,someadministratorsbelievestudentsneedtospendmoretimeintheclassroominsteadofontheplayground.Butasthesefindingsshow,exerciseandacademicsmaynotbe32exclusive.Physicalactivitycanimproveblood33tothebrain,fuelingmemory,attentionandcreativity,whichare34tolearning.Andexercisereleaseshormonesthatcanimprove35andrelievestress,whichcanalsohelplearning.Sowhileitmayseemasifkidsarejustexercisingtheirbodieswhenthey’rerunningaround,theymayactuallybeexercisingtheirbrainsaswell.A)attendanceE)droppingI)moodM)reviewB)consequentlyF)essentialJ)mutuallyN)surviveC)currentG)feasibleK)particularlyO)tendD)depressingH)flowL)performanceSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.FindingtheRightHome—andContentment,Too[A]Whenyourelderlyrelativeneedstoentersomesortoflong-termcarefacility—amomentfewparentsorchildrenapproachwithoutfear—whatyouwouldlikeistohaveeverythingmadeclear.[B]Doesassistedlivingreallymarkagreatimprovementoveranursinghome,orhastheindustrysimplyhiredbetterinteriordesigners?Arenursinghomesasbadaspeoplefear,oristhatanout-modedstereotype（固定看法)?Candoingone’shomeworkreallysteerfamiliestothebestplaces?Itisgenuinelyhardtoknow.[C]Iamabouttomakethingsmorecomplicatedbysuggestingthatwhatkindoffacilityanolderpersonlivesinmaymatterlessthanwehaveassumed.Andthatthecharacteristicsadultchildrenlookforwhentheybeginthesearcharenotnecessarilythethingsthatmakeadifferencetothepeoplewhoaregoingtomovein.Iamnottalkingaboutthequalityofcare,letmehastilyadd.Nobodyflourishesinagloomyenvironmentwithirresponsiblestaffandapoorsafetyrecord.Butanaccumulatingbodyofresearchindicatesthatsomedistinctionsbetweenonetypeofeldercareandanotherhavelittlerealbearingonhowwellresidentsdo.[D]Themostrecentofthesestudies,publishedinThejournalofAppliedGerontology,surveyed150Connecticutresidentsofassistedliving,nursinghomesandsmallerresidentialcarehomes（knowninsomestatesasboardandcarehomesoradultcarehomes).ResearchersfromtheUniversityofConnecticutHealthCenteraskedtheresidentsalargenumberofquestionsabouttheirqualityoflife,emotionalwell-beingandsocialinteraction,aswellasaboutthequalityofthefacilities.[E]“Wethoughtwewouldseedifferencesbasedonthehousingtypes,”saidtheleadauthorofthestudy,JulieRobison,anassociateprofessorofmedicineattheuniversity.Areasonableassumption—don’tfamiliesstruggletoavoidnursinghomesandsufferrealguiltiftheycan’t?[F]Intheinitialresults,assistedlivingresidentsdidpaintthemostpositivepicture.Theywerelesslikelytoreportsymptomsofdepressionthanthoseintheotherfacilities,forinstance,andlesslikelytobeboredorlonely.Theyscoredhigheronsocialinteraction.[G]Butwhentheresearcherspluggedinanumberofothervariables,suchdifferencesdisappeared.Itisnotthehousingtype,theyfound,thatcreatesdifferencesinresidents’responses.“Itisthecharacteristicsofthespecificenvironmenttheyarein,combinedwiththeirownpersonalcharacteristics—howhealthytheyfeeltheyare,theirageandmaritalstatus,”Dr.Robisonexplained.Whetherresidentsfeltinvolvedinthedecisiontomoveandhowlongtheyhadlivedtherealsoprovedsignificant.[H]Anelderlypersonwhodescribesherselfasinpoorhealth,therefore,mightbenolessdepressedinassistedliving（evenifherchildrenpreferredit)thaninanursinghome.Apersonwhohadinputintowherehewouldmoveandhashadtimetoadapttoitmightdoaswellinanursinghomeasinasmallresidentialcarehome,otherfactorsbeingequal.Itisaninteractionbetweenthepersonandtheplace,notthesortofplaceinitself,thatleadstobetterorworseexperiences.“Youcan’tjustsay,‘Let’sputthispersoninaresidentialcarehomeinsteadofanursinghome—shewillbemuchbetteroff,’”Dr.Robisonsaid.Whatmatters,sheadded,“isacombinationofwhatpeoplebringinwiththem,andwhattheyfindthere.”[I]Suchfindings,whichruncountertocommonsense,havesurfacedbefore.Inamulti-statestudyofassistedliving,forinstance,UniversityofNorthCarolinaresearchersfoundthatahostofvariables—thefacility’stype,sizeorage；whetherachainownedit；howattractivetheneighborhoodwas—hadnosignificantrelationshiptohowtheresidentsfaredintermsofillness,mentaldecline,hospitalizationsormortality.Whatmatteredmostwastheresidents’physicalhealthandmentalstatus.Whatpeoplewerelikewhentheycameinhadgreaterconsequencethanwhathappenedoncetheywerethere.[J]AsIwasconsideringallthis,apressreleasefromarespectedresearchfirmcrossedmydesk,announcingthatthefive-starratingsystemthatMedicaredevelopedin2008tohelpfamiliescomparenursinghomequalityalsohaslittlerelationshiptohowsatisfieditsresidentsortheirfamilymembersare.Asamatteroffact,consumersexpressedhighersatisfactionwiththeone-starfacilities,thelowestrated,thanwiththefive-starones.（Moreonthisstudyandthestarratingswillappearinasubsequentpost.)[K]Beforewecollectivelytearourhairout—howarewesupposedtofindourwayinalandscapethisconfusing?—hereisathoughtfromDr.PhilipSloane,ageriatrician（老年病学专家)attheUniversityofNorthCarolina:“Inaway,thatcouldbeliberatingforfamilies.”[L]Ofcourse,sonsanddaughterswanttovisitthefacilities,talktotheadministratorsandresidentsandotherfamilies,anddoeverythingpossibletofulfilltheirduties.Butperhapstheydon’thavetoturnthemselvesintoprivateinvestigatorsorCongressionalsubcommittees.“Familiescanlookabitmoreforwheretheresidentsaregoingtobehappy,”Dr.Sloanesaid.Andinvolvingthefutureresidentintheprocesscanbeveryimportant.[M]Weallhaveourownideasaboutwhatwouldbringourparentshappiness.Theyhavetheirideas,too.Afriendrecentlytookhermothertovisitanexpensiveassistedliving/nursinghomenearmytown.Ihaveseenthisplace—itiselegant,insideandout.Butnobodygreetedthedaughterandmotherwhentheyarrived,thoughthevisithadbeenplanned；nobodyintroducedthemtotheotherresidents.Whentheyhadlunchinthediningroom,theysataloneatatable.[N]Thedaughterfearedhermotherwouldbeignoredthere,andsoshedecidedtomoveherintoamorewelcomingfacility.Basedonwhatisemergingfromsomeofthisresearch,thatmighthavebeenasrationalawayasanytoreachadecision.36.Manypeoplefeelguiltywhentheycannotfindaplaceotherthananursinghomefortheirparents.37.Thoughithelpsforchildrentoinvestigatecarefacilities,involvingtheirparentsinthedecision-makingprocessmayproveveryimportant.38.Itisreallydifficulttotellifassistedlivingisbetterthananursinghome.39.Howaresidentfeelsdependsonaninteractionbetweenthemselvesandthecarefacilitytheylivein.40.Theauthorthinksherfriendmadearationaldecisioninchoosingamorehospitableplaceoveranapparentlyelegantassistedlivinghome.41.ThesystemMedicaredevelopedtoratenursinghomequalityisoflittlehelptofindingasatisfactoryplace.42.Atfirsttheresearchersofthemostrecentstudyfoundresidentsinassistedlivingfacilitiesgavehigherscoresonsocialinteraction.43.Whatkindofcarefacilityoldpeopleliveinmaybelessimportantthanwethink.44.Thefindingsofthelatestresearchweresimilartoanearliermulti-statestudyofassistedliving.45.Aresident’ssatisfactionwithacarefacilityhasmuchtodowithwhethertheyhadparticipatedinthedecisiontomoveinandhowlongtheyhadstayedthere.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AsArtificialIntelligence(AI)becomesincreasinglysophisticated,therearegrowingconcernsthatrobotscouldbecomeathreat.Thisdangercanbeavoided,accordingtocomputerscienceprofessorStuartRussell,ifwefigureouthowtoturnhumanvaluesintoaprogrammablecode.Russellarguesthatasrobotstakeonmorecomplicatedtasks,it’snecessarytotranslateourmoralsintoAIlanguage.Forexample,ifarobotdoeschoresaroundthehouse,youwouldn’twantittoputthepetcatintheoventomakedinnerforthehungrychildren.“Youwouldwantthatrobotpreloadedwithagoodsetofvalues,”saidRussell.Somerobotsarealreadyprogrammedwithbasichumanvalues.Forexample,mobilerobotshavebeenprogrammedtokeepacomfortabledistancefromhumans.Obviouslythereareculturaldifferences,butifyouweretalkingtoanotherpersonandtheycameupcloseinyourpersonalspace,youwouldn’tthinkthat’sthekindofthingaproperlybrought-uppersonwoulddo.Itwillbepossibletocreatemoresophisticatedmoralmachines,ifonlywecanfindawaytosetouthumanvaluesasclearrules.Robotscouldalsolearnvaluesfromdrawingpatternsfromlargesetsofdataonhumanbehavior.Theyaredangerousonlyifprogrammersarecareless.Thebiggestconcernwithrobotsgoingagainsthumanvaluesisthathumanbeingsfailtodosufficienttestingandthey’veproducedasystemthatwillbreaksomekindoftaboo（禁忌).Onesimplecheckwouldbetoprogramarobottocheckthecorrectcourseofactionwithahumanwhenpresentedwithanunusualsituation.Iftherobotisunsurewhetherananimalissuitableforthemicrowave,ithastheopportunitytostop,sendoutbeeps（嘟嘟声),andaskfordirectionsfromahuman.Ifwehumansaren’tquitesureaboutadecision,wegoandasksomebodyelse.Themostdifficultstepinprogrammingvalueswillbedecidingexactlywhatwebelieveinmoral,andhowtocreateasetofethicalrules.Butifwecomeupwithananswer,robotscouldbegoodforhumanity.46.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthethreatofrobots?A)Itmayconstituteachallengetocomputerprogrammers.B)Itaccompaniesallmachineryinvolvinghightechnology.C)Itcanbeavoidedifhumanvaluesaretranslatedintotheirlanguage.D)Ithasbecomeaninevitableperilastechnologygetsmoresophisticated.47.Whatwouldwethinkofapersonwhoinvadesourpersonalspaceaccordingtotheauthor?A)Theyareaggressive.B)Theyareoutgoing.C)Theyareignorant.D)Theyareill-bred.48.Howdorobotslearnhumanvalues?A)Byinteractingwithhumansineverydaylifesituations.B)Byfollowingthedailyroutinesofcivilizedhumanbeings.C)Bypickinguppatternsfrommassivedataonhumanbehavior.D)Byimitatingthebehaviorofpropertybrought-uphumanbeings.49.Whatwillawell-programmedrobotdowhenfacinganunusualsituation?A)Keepadistancefrompossibledangers.B)Stoptoseekadvicefromahumanbeing.C)Triggeritsbuilt-inalarmsystematonce.D)Dosufficienttestingbeforetakingaction.50.Whatismostdifficulttodowhenweturnhumanvaluesintoaprogrammablecode?A)Determinewhatismoralandethical.B)Designsomelarge-scaleexperiments.C)Setrulesforman-machineinteraction.D)Developamoresophisticatedprogram.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whydosomepeoplelivetobeolderthanothers?Youknowthestandardexplanations:keepingamoderatediet,engaginginregularexercise,etc.Butwhateffectdoesyourpersonalityhaveonyourlongevity（长寿）?Dosomekindsofpersonalitiesleadtolongerlives?AnewstudyintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatricsSocietylookedatthisquestionbyexaminingthepersonalitycharacteristicsof246childrenofpeoplewhohadlivedtobeatleast100.Thestudyshowsthatthoselivingthelongestaremoreoutgoing,moreactiveandlessneurotic（神经质的)thanotherpeople.Long-livingwomenarealsomorelikelytobesympatheticandcooperativethanwomenwithanormallifespan.Thesefindingsareinagreementwithwhatyouwouldexpectfromtheevolutionarytheory:thosewholiketomakefriendsandhelpotherscangatherenoughresourcestomakeitthroughtoughtimes.Interestingly,however,othercharacteristicsthatyoumightconsideradvantageoushadnoimpactonwhetherstudyparticipantswerelikelytolivelonger.Thosewhoweremoreself-disciplined,forinstance,werenomorelikelytolivetobeveryold.Also,beingopentonewideashadnorelationshiptolonglife,whichmightexplainallthosebad-temperedoldpeoplewhoarefixedintheirways.Whetheryoucansuccessfullychangeyourpersonalityasanadultisthesubjectofalongstandingpsychologicaldebate.Butthenewpapersuggeststhatifyouwantlonglife,youshouldstrivetobeasoutgoingaspossible.Unfortunately,anotherrecentstudyshowsthatyourmother’spersonalitymayalsohelpdetermineyourlongevity.Thatstudylookedatnearly28,000Norwegianmothersandfoundthatthosemomswhoweremoreanxious,depressedandangryweremorelikelytofeedtheirkidsunhealthydiets.Patternsofchildhoodeatingcanbehardtobreakwhenwe’readults,whichmaymeanthatkidsofdepressedmomsendupdyingyounger.Personalityisn’tdestiny（命运),andeveryoneknowsthatindividualscanlearntochange.Butbothstudiesshowthatlonglifeisn’tjustamatterofyourphysicalhealthbutofyourmentalhealth.51.TheaimofthestudyintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatricsSocietyis____.A)toseewhetherpeople’spersonalityaffectstheirlifespanB)tofindoutifone’slifestylehasanyeffectontheirhealthC)toinvestigatetheroleofexerciseinlivingalonglifeD)toexamineallthefactorscontributingtolongevity52.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutoutgoingandsympatheticpeople?A)Theyhaveagoodunderstandingofevolution.B)Theyarebetteratnegotiatinganagreement.C)Theygenerallyappearmoreresourceful.D)Theyaremorelikelytogetoverhardship.53.Whatfindingofthestudymightprovesomewhatoutofourexpectation?A)Easy-goingpeoplecanalsolivearelativelylonglife.B)Personalitycharacteristicsthatproveadvantageousactuallyvarywithtimes.C)Suchpersonalitycharacteristicsasself-disciplinehavenoeffectonlongevity.D)Readinesstoacceptnewideashelpsoneenjoylongevity.54.WhatdoestherecentstudyofNorwegianmothersshow?A)Children’spersonalitycharacteristicsareinvariablydeterminedbytheirmothers.B)Peoplewithunhealthyeatinghabitsarelikelytodiesooner.C)Mothers’influenceonchildrenmaylastlongerthanfathers’.D)Mothers’negativepersonalitycharacteristicsmayaffecttheirchildren’slifespans.55.Whatcanwelearnfromthefindingsofthetwonewstudies?A)Anxietyanddepressionmoreoftenthannotcutshortone’slifespan.B)Longevityresultsfromacombinationofmentalandphysicalhealth.C)Personalityplaysadecisiveroleinhowhealthyoneis.D)Healthisinlargepartrelatedtoone’slifestyle.PartIVTranslationDirections:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.乌镇是浙江的一座古老水镇，坐落在京杭大运河畔。这是一处迷人的地方，有许多古桥、中式旅店和餐馆。在过去一千年里，乌镇的水系和生活方式并未经历多少变化，是一座展现古文明的博物馆。乌镇所有房屋都用石木建造。数百年来，当地人沿着河边建起了住宅和集市。无数宽敞美丽的庭院藏身于屋舍之间，游客们每到一处都会有惊喜的发现。2016年6月大学英语四级真题答案（第3套）PartWritingⅠ该部分答案由于是主观题，在此不多赘述，详情可以参考巨微英语《四级真题/逐句精解》里的标准答案PartⅡListeningComprehension（与2016年6月大学英语四级真题第2套听力答案相同，略）PartIIIReadingComprehensionSectionA26.【答案】O27.【答案】M28.【答案】L29.【答案】K30.【答案】N31.【答案】E32.【答案】G33.【答案】H34.【答案】F35.【答案】ISectionB36.【答案】E37.【答案】L38.【答案】B39.【答案】H40.【答案】N41.【答案】J42.【答案】F43.【答案】C44.【答案】I45.【答案】GSectionCPassageOne46.【答案】C47.【答案】D48.【答案】C49.【答案】B50.【答案】APassageTwo51.【答案】A52.【答案】D53.【答案】C54.【答案】D55.【答案】BPartIVTranslation该部分为主观试题，暂不做详解，考生可根据巨微英语《四级真题/逐句精解》中的解析进行学习.2016年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第1套)PartⅠWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessay.Supposeyouhavetwooptionsupongraduation:oneistofindajobsomewhereandtheothertostartabusinessofyourown.Youaretomakeadecision.Writeanessaytoexplainthereasonsforyourdecision.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartⅡListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.A.Itwasdangeroustolivein.B.Itwasgoingtoberenovated.C.Hecouldnolongerpaytherent.D.Hehadsoldittotheroyalfamily.2.A.Astrike.B.Astorm.C.Aforestfire.D.Aterroristattack.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.A.Theylostcontactwiththeemergencydepartment.B.Theyweretrappedinanundergroundelevator.C.Theywereinjuredbysuddenlyfallingrocks.D.Theysentcallsforhelpviaaportableradio.4.A.Theytriedhardtorepairtheelevator.B.Theyreleasedthedetailsoftheaccident.C.Theysentsuppliestokeeptheminerswarm.D.Theyprovidedtheminerswithfoodandwater.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A.Raisepostagerates.B.Improveitsservices.C.Redesigndeliveryroutes.D.Closesomeofitspostoffices.6.A.Shorteningbusinesshours.B.Closingofficesonholidays.C.StoppingmaildeliveryonSaturdays.D.Computerizingmallsortingprocesses.7.A.Manypostofficestaffwilllosetheirjobs.B.Manypeoplewillbegintocomplain.C.Taxpayerswillbeverypleased.D.Alotofcontroversywillarise.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A.Hewillbekeptfrompromotion.B.Hewillgothroughretraining.C.Hewillbegivenawarning.D.Hewilllosepartofhispay.9.A.Heisalwaysontime.B.Heisatrustworthyguy.C.Heisanexperiencedpressoperator.D.Heisongoodtermswithhisworkmates.10.A.Sheisatradeunionrepresentative.B.Sheisinchargeofpublicrelations.C.Sheisaseniormanageroftheshop.D.Sheisbetterathandlingsuchmatters.11.A.Heisskilledandexperienced.B.Heisveryclosetothemanager.C.Heisalwaystryingtostiruptrouble.D.Heisalwayscomplainingaboutlowwages.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A.Open.B.Friendly.C.Selfish.D.Reserved.13.A.Theystayquiet.B.Theyreadabook.C.Theytalkabouttheweather.D.Theychatwithfellowpassengers.14.A.Shewasalwaystreatedasaforeigner.B.ShewaseagertovisitanEnglishcastle.C.Shewasneverinvitedtoacolleague\'shome.D.Shewasunwillingtomakefriendswithworkmates.15.A.Housesaremuchmorequiet.B.Housesprovidemoreprivacy.C.Theywanttohavemorespace.D.Theywantagardenoftheirown.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A.Theydon\'thavemuchchoiceofjobs.B.Theyarelikelytogetmuchhigherpay.C.Theydon\'thavetogothroughjobinterviews.D.Theywillautomaticallybegivenhiringpriority.17.A.Asktheirprofessorsforhelp.B.Lookatschoolbulletinboards.C.Visittheschoolcareersservice.D.Gothroughcampusnewspapers.18.A.Helpingstudentsfindthebooksandjournalstheyneed.B.Supervisingstudyspacestoensureaquietatmosphere.C.Helpingstudentsarrangeappointmentswithlibrarians.D.Providingstudentswithinformationaboutthelibrary.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A.Ittastesbetter.B.Itiseasiertogrow.C.Itmaybesoldatahigherprice.D.Itcanbettersurviveextremeweathers.20.A.Itishealthierthangreentea.B.Itcangrowindriersoil.C.Itwillreplacegreenteaoneday.D.Itisimmunetovariousdiseases.21.A.Ithasbeenwellreceivedbymanyteadrinkers.B.Itdoesnotbringthepromisedhealthbenefits.C.Ithasmadeteafarmers\'lifeeasier.D.Itdoesnothaveastablemarket.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A.Theyneeddecorationstoshowtheirstatus.B.Theypreferuniqueobjectsofhighquality.C.Theydecoratetheirhomesthemselves.D.Theycaremoreaboutenvironment.23.A.Theywereproudoftheircreations.B.Theycouldonlytrytocreateatnight.C.Theymadegreatcontributionstosociety.D.Theyfocusedonthequalityoftheirproducts.24.A.Makewisechoices.B.Identifyfakecrafts.C.Designhandicraftsthemselves.D.Learntheimportanceofcreation.25.A.Toboostthelocaleconomy.B.Toattractforeigninvestments.C.Toarousepublicinterestincrafts.D.Topreservethetraditionalculture.PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whensomeonecommitsacriminalact,wealwayshopethepunishmentwillmatchtheoffense.Butwhenitcomestooneofthecruelestcrimes--animalfighting--things26workoutthatway.Dog-fightingvictimsare27andkilledforprofitand"sport,"yettheircriminalabusersoftenreceivea28sentenceforcausingalifetimeofpain.Roughlyhalfofallfederally-convictedanimalfightersonlygetprobation(缓刑).Someprogresshasbeenmadeintheprosecution(起诉)ofanimalfighters.ButfederaljudgesoftenrelyheavilyontheU.S.SentencingGuideLineswhenthey29penalties,andinthecaseofanimalfighting,thoseguidelinesareoutdatedandextremely30TheU.S.SentencingCommission,which31thesesentencingguidelines,isrevisitingthem,proposingtoraisetheminimumsentencefrom6-12to21-27months.Thisisastepintheright32,butwe\'dliketoseetheU.S.SentencingCommissionmakefurtherchangestotheguidelines.Alongwiththiseffort,we\'reworkingwithanimaladvocatesandstateandfederallawmakersto33anti-crueltylawsacrossthecountry,aswellassupportinglawsandpoliciesthatassistoverburdenedanimal34thatcareforanimalfightingvictims.Thishelpis35importantbecausethehighcostofcaringforanimalvictimsisamajorfactorthatpreventspeoplefromgettinginvolvedincrueltycasesinthefirstplace.A.convenientB.createsC.criticallyD.determineE.directionF.hesitateG.inadequateH.inspiredI.methodJ.minimalK.rarelyL.sheltersM.strengthenN.sufferingsO.torturedSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.WhenWorkBecomesaGameA)Whatmotivatesemployeestodotheirjobswell?Competitionwithcoworkers,forsome.Thepromiseofrewards,forothers.Pureenjoymentofproblem-solving,foraluckyfew.B)Increasingly,companiesaretappingintothesedesiresdirectlythroughwhathascometobeknownas"gamification":essentially,turningworkintoagame."Gamificationisaboutunderstandingwhatitisthatmakesgamesengagingandwhatgamedesignersdotocreateagreatexperienceingames,andtakingthoselearningsandapplyingthemtoothercontextssuchastheworkplaceandeducation,"explainsKevinWerbach,agamificationexpertwhoteachesattheWhartonSchoolofBusinessattheUniversityofPennsylvaniaintheUnitedStates.C)Itmightmeanmonitoringemployeeproductivityonadigitalleaderboardandofferingprizestothewinner,orgivingemployeesdigitalbadgesorstarsforcompletingcertainactivities.Itcouldalsomeantrainingemployeeshowtodotheirjobsthroughvideogameplatforms.CompaniesfromGoogletoL\'OréaltoIBMtoWellsFargoareknowntousesomedegreeofgamificationintheirworkplaces.Andmoreandmorecompaniesarejoiningthem.Arecentreportsuggeststhattheglobalgamificationmarketwillgrowfrom$1.65billionin2015to$11.1billionby2020.D)Theconceptofgamificationisnotentirelynew,Werbachsays.Companies,marketersandteachershavelonglookedforfunwaystoengagepeople\'sreward-seekingorcompetitivespirits.CrackerJackshasbeen"gamifying"itssnackfoodbyputtingasmallprizeinsideformorethan100years,headds,andtheturn-of-the-centurysteelmagnate(巨头)CharlesSchwabissaidtohaveoftencomeintohisfactoryandwrittenthenumberoftonsofsteelproducedonthepastshiftonthefactoryfloor,thusmotivatingthenextshiftofworkerstobeatthepreviousone.E)Buttheword"gamification"andthewidespread,consciousapplicationoftheconceptonlybeganinearnestaboutfiveyearsago,Werbachsays.Thanksinparttovideogames,thegenerationnowenteringtheworkforceisespeciallyopentotheideaofhavingtheirworkgamified."Weareatapointwhereinmuchofthedevelopedworldthevastmajorityofyoungpeoplegrewupplayingvideogames,andanincreasinglyhighpercentageofadultsplaythesevideogamestoo,"Werbachsays.F)Anumberofcompanieshavesprungup--GamEffective,BunchbailandBadgeville,tonameafew--inrecentyearsofferinggamificationplatformsforbusinesses.Theplatformsthataremosteffectiveturnemployees\'ordinaryjobtasksintopartofarichadventurenarrative."Whatmakesagamegame-likeisthattheplayeractuallycaresabouttheoutcome,"Werbachsays."Theprincipleisaboutunderstandingwhatismotivatingtothisgroupofplayers,whichrequiressomeunderstandingofpsychology."G)Somepeople,Werbachsays,aremotivatedbycompetition.Salespeopleoftenfallintothiscategory.Forthem,therightkindofgamificationmightbeturningtheirsaiespitchesintoacompetitionwithotherteammembers,completewithadigitalleaderboardshowingwhoiswinningatalltimes.Othersaremoremotivatedbycollaborationandsocialexperiences.OnecompanyWerbachhasstudiedusesgamificationtocreateasenseofcommunityandboostemployees\'morale(士气).Whenemployeeslogintotheircomputers,they\'reshownapictureofoneoftheircoworkersandaskedtoguessthatperson\'sname.H)Gamificationdoesnothavetobedigital.MonicaCornettirunsacompanythatgamifiesemployeetrainings.Sometimesthisinvolvestechnology,butoftenitdoesnot.Sherecentlydesignedagamificationstrategyforasaiestrainingcompanywithastorm-chasingtheme.Employeesformed"stormchaserteams"andcompetedinstorm-themededucationalexercisestoearnvariousrewards."Rewardsdonothavetobestuff,"Cornettisays."Rewardscanbeflexibleworkinghours."Anothertraining,thisoneforpayrolllaw,usedaSnowWhiteandtheSevenDwarfstheme."SnowWhite"isavailableforeveryonetouse,butthe"dwarfs"arestillundercopyright,soCornettiinventedsound-alikecharacters(GrumpyGus,DopeyDan)toillustratespecificpayrolllawprinciples.I)Somepeopledonottakenaturailytogamifiedworkenvironments,Cornettisays.Inherexperience,peopleinpositionsofpowerorpeopleinfinanceorengineeringdonottendtolikethesoundoftheword."Ifwearedesigningforengineers,I\'mnottalkingabouta\'game\'atall,"Cornettisays."I\'mtalkingabouta\'simulation\'(模拟),I\'mtalkingabout\'beingabletosolvethisproblem.\'"J)Gamificationis"notamagicbullet,"Werbachwarns.Agamificationstrategythatisnotsufficientlythoughtthroughorwelltailoredtoitsplayersmayengagepeopleforalittlewhile,butitwillnotmotivatepeopleinthelongterm.Itcanalsobeexploitative,especiallywhenusedwithvulnerablepopulations.Forworkers,especiallylow-paidworkers,whodesperatelyneedtheirjobsyetknowtheycanbeeasilyreplaced,gamificationmayfeelmoreliketheHungerGames.WerbachgivestheexampleofseveralDisneylandhotelsinAnaheim,Caiifornia,whichusedlargedigitalleaderboardstodisplayhowefficientlylaundryworkerswereworkingcomparedtooneanother.Someemployeesfoundtheboardmotivating.Toothers,itwastheoppositeoffun.Somebegantostoptakingbathroombreaks,worriedthatiftheirproductivityfelltheywouldbefired.Pregnantemployeesstruggledtokeepup.InaLosAngelesTimesarticle,oneemployeereferredtotheboardasa"digitalwhip.""Itactuallyhadaverynegativeeffectonmoraleandperformance,"Werbachsays.K)Still,gamificationonlystandstobecomemorepopular,hesays,"asmoreandmorepeoplecomeintotheworkforcewhoarefamiliarwiththestructuresandexpressionsofdigitaigames.""Wearefarfromreachingthepeak,"Cornettiagrees."Thereisnoreasonthiswillgoaway."36.Somefamouscompaniesarealreadyusinggamificationandmorearetryingtodothesame.37.Gamificationisnotamiraclecureforallworkplacesasitmayhavenegativeresults.38.Toenhancemorale,onecompanyasksitsemployeestoidentifytheirfellowworkerswhenstartingtheircomputers.39.Theideaofgamificationwaspracticedbysomebusinessesmorethanacenturyago.40.Thereisreasontobelievethatgamificationwillbeheretostay.41.Videogamescontributedinsomewaystothewideapplicationofgamification.42.Whenturningworkintoagame,itisnecessarytounderstandwhatmakesgamesinteresting.43.Gamificationinemployeetrainingdoesnotalwaysneedtechnology.44.Themostsuccessfulgamificationplatformstransformdailyworkassignmentsintofunexperiences.45.Itisnecessarytousetermsotherthan"gamification"forsomeprofessions.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.RecentlyIattendedseveralmeetingswherewetalkedaboutwaystoretainstudentsandkeepyoungerfacultymembersfromgoingelsewhere.Itseemshighereducationhasbecomeanindustryofmeeting-holderswhosetaskitisto"solve"problems--realorimagined.Andinmypositionasaprofessoratthreedifferentcolleges,theactualproblemsineducatingouryoungpeopleandolderstudentshavedeepened,whilethenumberofpeoplehired--nottoteachbuttoholdmeetings--hasincreasedsignificantly.Everynewproblemcreatesanewjobforanadministrativefixer.TakeourCenterforTeachingExcellence.Contrarytoitstitle,thecenterisaclearinghouse(信息交流中心)forusingtechnologyinclassroomsandinonlinecourses.It\'sanadministrativesham(欺诈)ofthekindthathasmultipliedoverthelast30years.Iofferasimplepropositioninresponse:Manyofourproblems--classattendance,educationalsuccess,studenthappinessandwell-being--mightbeimprovedbycuttingdownthebureaucratic(官僚的)mechanismsandmeetingsandinsteadhiringanarmyofgoodteachers.Ifwereplacedhalfofouradministrativestaffwithclassroomteachers,wemightactuallygetamajorityofourclassesbackto20orfewerstudentsperteacher.Thiswouldbeanenvironmentinwhichteachersandstudentsactuallykneweachother.Theteachersmustbefreetoteachintheirownway--thecurriculumshouldbeflexibleenoughsothattheycanusetheirindividualtalentstoachievethegoalsofthecourse.Additionally,theyshouldbeallowedtoteach,andberewardedfordoingitwell.Teachersarenotpeoplewhoaregreatatandconsumedbyresearchandhappentoappearinaclassroom.Goodteachingandresearcharenotexclusive,buttheyarealsonotautomaticcompanions.Teachingisanartandacraft,talentandpractice;itisnotsomethingthatjustanyonecanbegoodat.Itisutterlyconfusingtomethatpeopledonotrecognizethis,despitethefactthatprettymuchanyonewhohasbeenastudentcantellthedifferencebetweentheirbestandworstteachers.46.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpresent-dayuniversities?A.Theyareeffectivelytacklingrealorimaginedproblems.B.Theyoftenfailtocombineteachingwithresearch.C.Theyareover-burdenedwithadmires"trativestaff.D.Theylacktalenttofixtheirdeepeningproblems.47.Accordingtotheauthor,whatkindofpeopledouniversitieslackmost?A.Goodclassroomteachers.B.Efficientadministrators.C.Talentedresearchers.D.Motivatedstudents.48.Whatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheclassesatpresent?A.Theyfacilitatestudents\'independentlearning.B.Theyhelpstudentsformcloserrelationships.C.Theyhavemoreolderstudentsthanbefore.D.Theyaremuchbiggerthanisdesirable.49.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofteachingability?A.Itrequirestalentandpractice.B.Itiscloselyrelatedtoresearch.C.Itisachieffactoraffectingstudents\'learning.D.Itcanbeacquiredthroughpersistentpractice.50.Whatistheauthor\'ssuggestionforimprovinguniversityteaching?A.Creatinganenvironmentforteacherstosharetheirteachingexperiences.B.Hiringmoreclassroomteachersandallowingthemtoteachintheirownway.C.Usinghightechnologyinclassroomsandpromotingexchangeofinformation.D.Cuttingdownmeetingsandencouragingadministrativestafftogotoclassrooms.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thesecrettoeatinglessandbeinghappyaboutitmayhavebeencrackedyearsago--byMcDonald\'s.AccordingtoanewstudyfromCornellUniversity\'sFoodandBrandLab,smallnon-foodrewards--likethetoysinMcDonald\'sHappyMeals--stimulatethesamerewardcentersinthebrainasfooddoes.Theresearchers,ledbyMartinReimann,carriedoutaseriesofexperimentstoseeifpeoplewouldchooseasmallermealffitwaspairedwithanon-fooditem.Theyfoundthatthemajorityofbothkidsandadultsoptedforahaft-sizedportionwhencombinedwithaprize.Bothoptionswerepricedthesame.Evenmoreinterestingisthatthepromiseofafuturerewardwasenoughtomakeadultschoosethesmallerportion.Oneoftheprizesusedwasalotteryticket(彩票),witha$10,$50or$100payout,andthiswasaseffectiveasatangiblegiftinpersuadingpeopletoeatless."Thefactthatparticipantswerewillingtosubstitutepartofafooditemforthemereprospectofarelativelysmallmonetaryawardisinteresting,"saysReimann.Hetheorizesthatitistheemotionalcomponentoftheseintangibleprizesthatmakethemeffective.Infact,vaguely-statedpossibilitiesofwinningaprizeweremoreeffectivethanoptionswithhardoddsincluded."OneexplanationforthisfindingisthatpossibleawardsmaybemoreemotionallyprovokingthancertraintyReimann."Theofaddedattractionandawards,"saysuncertaintywinningprovidesdesirabilitythroughemotional\'thrills.\'Thepossibilityofreceivinganawardalsoproducesastateofhope--astatethatisinitselfpsychologicallyrewarding."Inotherwords,there\'sareasonwhypeopleliketogamble.Howmightthisknowledgebeusedtohelppeopleeatmorehealthily?Onepossibilityisahealthyoptionthatoffersthechancetowinaspa(温泉疗养)weekend.Ormaybetherewardofahalf-sizedportioncouldbeahalf-sizeddesserttobeclaimedonlyonafuturedate.Thatwouldgetyoubackintherestaurant--andmakeyoueatalittleless.51.WhatdowelearnaboutMcDonald\'sinclusionoftoysinitsHappyMeals?A.Itmayshedlightonpeople\'sdesiretocrackasecret.B.IthasprovedtobekeytoMcDonald\'sbusinesssuccess.C.Itappealstokid\'scuriositytofredoutwhatishiddeninside.D.Itmaybeapleasantwayforkidstoreducetheirfoodintake.52.WhatisthefindingoftheresearchersledbyMartinReimann?A.ReducingfoodintakeisnotthatdifficultifpeoplegotoMcDonald\'smore.B.Mostkidsandadultsdon\'tactuallyfeelhungrywhentheyeathalfoftheirmeal.C.Eatingasmallerportionoffooddoesgoodtothehealthofkidsandadultsalike.D.Mostkidsandadultswouldchooseasmallermealthatcamewithanon-fooditem.53.WhatismostinterestinginMartinReimann\'sfmding?A.Kidspreferredanawardintheformofmoneytooneintheformofatoy.B.Adultschosethesmallerportiononthemerepromiseofafutureaward.C.Bothkidsandadultsfeltsatisfiedwithonlyhalfoftheirmealportions.D.Neitherchildrennoradultscouldresistthetemptationofafreetoy.54.HowdoesMartinReimanninterprethisfinding?A.Theemotionalcomponentoftheprizesisatwork.B.Peoplenowcaremoreaboutqualitythanquantity.C.Peopleprefercertaintyawardstopossibleawards.D.Thedesireforafuturerewardisoverwhelming.55.WhatcanweinferfromMartinReimann\'sfinding?A.Peopleshouldeatmuchlessiftheywishtostayhealthyandhappy.B.MorefastfoodrestaurantsarelikelytofollowMcDonald\'sexample.C.Wecanleadpeopletoeatlesswhilehelpingtherestaurantbusiness.D.Morestudiesareneededtofindouttheimpactofemotiononbehavior.PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.在中国文化中，红色通常象征着好运、长寿和幸福。在春节和其他喜庆场合，红色到处可见。人们把现金作为礼物送给家人或亲密朋友时，通常放在红信封里。红色在中国流行的另一个原因是人们把它与中国革命和共产党相联系。然而，红色并不总是代表好运和快乐。因为从前死者的名字常用红色书写，用红墨水书写中国人名被看成是一种冒犯行为。2016年12月大学英语四级考试真题答案与详解(第1套)PartWritingⅠ高分范文FindaJobFirst①Collegestudents\'optionsupongraduationvaryfrompersontoperson.Somestudentschoosetohuntforajobwhileothers_prefertostarttheirownbusiness.Asforme,Iwouldratherfinda②jobfirst.③Thereasonsformydecisionareasfollows.Foronething,itismucheasierformetofinda④jobcomparedwithstartingabusinesswhichdemandsfund,experienceandthemarket.Asagreenhandwhohasjustgraduatedfromacollege,it\'stotallybeyondmyabilitytohandlesuchacomplexsituation.Foranother,workingforotherscoulddevelopmypersonalities,suchas⑤perseverance,hardworkingandstresstoleranceability,whichcanhelpmebecomemorepreparedandqualifiedifIwouldliketostartupmyownbusiness.Toconclude,chancesalwaysfavorthosewhoareprepared.AndIdon\'tthinkapersoncould⑥really"buildupfromnothing".Asaresult,Iwillfindajobfirstaftergraduation.⑦全文翻译请看PartIIListeningComprehensionNewsReportOne听力原文解析Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.预览两道题各选项，由dangerous，livein，strike，storm，forestfire和attack等词可以推测，新闻内容与某个危险事件导致房屋不能居住有关。1.WhydidJohnGordonmoveoutoftheAbergeldieCastle?A。新闻中提到，城堡的主人约翰•戈登周日被迫搬离城堡，这是由于迪河的河水冲走了大约60英尺的土地，导致城堡离河太近，十分危险。由此可知，约翰•戈登搬离城堡是因为居住在这里会有危险，故答案为A。2.WhathappenedinScotlandlastWednesday?B。新闻中提到，自法兰克风暴于上周三袭击苏格兰后，苏格兰环境保护署已经发布了超过35次覆盖多个地区的洪水警报。由此可知，上周三苏格兰受到了风暴袭击，故答案为B。NewsReportTwo听力原文查看Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.预览两道题各选项，由选项中的lostcontact，trapped，undergroundelevator，callsforhelp，repair，supplies和miners等词可以推测，新闻内容与矿工受困和救援有关。3.B。4.C。NewsReportThree听力原文查看Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.预览三道题各选项，由选项中的postagerates，services，delivery，postoffices，Shortening，Closing，Stopping和mail等词可以推测，新闻内容与邮政现有的问题以及为应对问题所采取的措施有关。5.D。6.C。7.A。ConversationOneM:Mrs.Hampton,we\'vegottroubleinthepressroomthismorning.W:Ohdear,whatabout?M:Oneofthepressoperatorsarrivedanhourandahaftlate.W:(8)Butthat\'sastraightforwardaffair.Hewillsimplylosepartofhispay.That\'swhywehaveaclockinsystem.M:Butthepointisthemanwasclockedinat8o\'clock.WehaveJohnstandingbythetimeclock,andheswearshesawnothingirregular.W:(9-1)IsJohnreliable?M:(9-2)Yes,heis.That\'swhywechosehimforthejob.W:Haveyouspokentothemanwhowaslate?M:Notyet.IthoughtI\'dhaveawordwithyoufirst.He\'sadifficultman,andIthinkthere\'sbeensometroubleontheshopfloor.I\'vegotafeelingthatthetradeunionrepresentativeisbehindthis.ThemanagertoldmethatJackGreen\'sbeenveryactivearoundtheshopthelastfewdays.W:Well,whatdoyouwantmetodo?M:(10)Iwaswonderingifyou\'dseeSmith--themanwhowaslate--becauseyouaresomuchbetterathandlingthingslikethis.W:Oh,alright.I\'llseehim.ImustsayIagreewithyouabouttherebeingbadfeelingsintheworkers.(11)I\'vehadtheideaforsometimethatJackGreen\'sbeenbusystirringthingsupinconnectionwiththelatestwageclaim.He\'salwaystryingtomaketrouble.Well,I\'llgetthemanagertosendSmithuphere.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.D。9.B。10.D。11.C。ConversationTwo听力原文查看Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.预览四道题各选项，第12题各选项均为形容人性格的形容词，考查对某人性格的描述；第13题各选项为对They这个群体的行为描述，考查这一群体在特定环境中的行为动作；第14题四个选项主语均为She，且出现了foreigner和Englishcastle，由此可以推测，对话内容与英国或英国人相关，本题可能考查某位女士在英国所受到的待遇；第15题考查某类人的住房要求。12.D。13.A。14.C。15.B。SectionCPassageOne听力原文查看Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.预览三道题各选项，由jobs，interviews，hiring和schoolcareersservice等词可以推测，短文内容与学生找工作有关。16.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutcollegestudentsapplyingforon-campusjobs?D。短文中提到，在学校内有很多就业机会，作为学生，你自然会有被雇用的优先权。因此答案为D。17.whatcanstudentsdotofindacampusjobaccordingtothespeaker?C。短文中提到，学生可以去向学校的就业服务中心或职业介绍所寻求帮助，找一份校园内的工作。因此答案为C。18.Whatdoesthespeakersayisalibrarymonitor\'sresponsibility?B。短文中提到，如果你是一个正在找工作的大学生，但是担心没有足够的时间来学习，你可以考虑担任自习室或图书馆的监管员，这类工作的主要职责就是对学习空间进行监管，以确保维持一个安静的学习环境。因此答案为B。PassageTwo听力原文查看Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.预览三道题各选项，由grow，sold，price，greentea，teadrinkers，teafarmers和market等词可以推测，短文内容与茶叶的种植和售卖有关。19.C。20.A。21.D。PassageThree听力原文查看Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.B。23.B。24.A。25.A。PartReadingComprehensionⅢSectionA原文翻译解析选项归类名词：E.direction方向，趋势；I.method方法；L.shelters收容所，遮蔽；N.sufferings受难，痛苦动词：B.creates创建；D.determine判决，决定；F.hesitate犹豫，不愿；H.inspired激发，鼓舞；M.strengthen强化，增强；0.tortured折磨，使痛苦形容词：A.convenient方便的；G.inadequate不足的，不充分的；J.minimal微小的，极少的副词：C.critically特别地，关键地；K.rarely很少地，难得详解详析26．K.rarely。27．O.tortured。28．J.minimal。29．D.determine。30．G.inadequate。31．B.creates。32．E)direction。33．M.strengthen。34．L.shelters。35．C.critically。SectionB原文翻译解析详解详析36.C。37.J。38.G。39.D。40.K。41.E42.B。43.H。44.F。45.I。SectionCPassage0ne46．C。。47．A。48．D。49．A。50．B。PassageTwo(51)吃得少，还能让人感到快乐的奥秘或许早在几年前就被麦当劳破解了。根据康奈尔大学食品与品牌实验室的一项最新研究，小份的非食物奖励，例如麦当劳欢乐套餐中的玩具，可以和食物一样刺激大脑中的奖赏中枢。由马丁•莱曼领导的研究人员进行了一系列的实验，想要弄清楚人们是否愿意选择配有非食物类小东西的小份食物。(52)他们发现,绝大多数的孩子和成年人都选择带奖品但减半了的食物。而两种选择的价格是相同的。(53)更为有趣的是，一个对未来奖品的承诺足以使成年人选择小份食品。其中可以使用的奖励之一是彩票，奖金10、50到100美金不等。在劝说人们少吃点这一问题上，这和那些实实在在的礼物一样有效。“参与者们愿意用获得相对来说较少金钱奖励的可能性来替换掉一部分食物，这一事实也是非常有趣的，”莱曼说。(54)他认为从理论上来讲，这些无形奖品中的感情成分使得它们起了作用。事实上，描述不清晰的得奖的可能性比那些有着明确的得奖概率的选择更有效果。“这一发现的解释之一就是不确定的奖励要比确定的奖励在情感上更能激起人们的欲望。”莱曼说。“得奖的不确定性通过在情感上让人‘兴奋’从而为人们提供了额外的吸引力和诱惑力。收到奖励的可能性同时带来了一种希望，这种状态本身就能让人获得心理上的回报。”换言之，这就是人们为什么喜欢赌博的原因。如何运用这一知识来帮助人们吃得更健康呢?一种办法就是给人们提供一个可以获得周末温泉疗养机会的健康选择。或者为选择一份减半了的食物设立半份甜点的奖励，该甜点只能在未来的某个日期享用。(55)这样你就又会回到这个餐馆——并且这样你又可以少吃一点。详解详析51．D。52．D。53．B。54．A。55．C。。PartTranslationⅣThecolorofredinChinesecultureusuallysymbolizesgoodluck,longevityandhappiness.RedcanbefoundeverywhereduringChineseSpringFestivalandonotherjoyousoccasions.Cashisoftenputinredenvelopesandsenttofamilymembersorclosefriendsasagift.ItspopularityinChinacanalsobeattributedtothefactthatpeopleassociateitwiththeChineseRevolutionandCommunistParty.However,reddoesnotsignifygoodluckandjoyallthetimeinthatthenameofthedeadusedtobewritteninred.ThusitisregardedasanoffensetowritethenamesofChinesepeopleinredink.2017年6月大学英语四级答案及解析第一套【完整版】新东方在线四六级PartIWritingComputerforSaleAsIamabouttograduateandleavethecampus,Iamgoingtosellmypersonallaptopatalowprice.ItisaLenovoThinkPadthatIboughtinJune,2015.Itisnotbig,butveryfunctional.Ithasafour-coreCPU,anindependentdisplaycardof2G,aharddiskof500Gandascreenof15.6inches.Forthelasttwoyears,thelaptophasservedasmyfaithfulaidandhelpedmefinishmostofmyassignmentsandmythesis.Therehasappearednofaultintheprocess.Iowesomuchtoit.Butasmyworkplacehasalreadyofferedmeamoreadvancedworkinglaptop,Ifindthereisnonecessityformetohavetwo.AndIknowthattheremustbesomeofmyschoolmateswhoaremoreinneedoftheThinkPad.Therefore,Ideterminedtosellit.Iboughtthelaptopasthepriceof3500yuan.NowIwillsellitat1500yuanorless.Anyoneinterestedcancontactmeviaemail,andmymailboxis@sina.com.这次的四级作文属于应用文，是近年来不多见的题型。这是近五年第二次考到应用文。第一次是去年6月的感谢信。但这一次考的是出售个人物品的广告，基本上算告示。比较突出的注意事项就是需要有标题。当然，不写标题也不会影响很多分数，主要还是看正文的语言质量。难点在于，对于笔记本电脑应该有一定的硬件方面的了解，有一些专业的词需要会说。而且，更重要的是应该能够发挥合理想象，说出除了电脑本身之外的一些内容。而且这提示我们以后也应该注重四六级考察应用文的可能。欢迎关注新东方四六级考试微博平台，及时获取解析资讯。PartIIListeningComprehensionSectionANewsReportNewsReportOneOneofGoogle\'sself-drivingcarscrashedintoabusinCalifornialastmonth.Therewerenoinjuries.ItisnotthefirsttimeoneofGoogle\'sfamedself-drivingcarshasbeeninvolvedinacrash,butitmaybethefirsttimeithascausedone.OnFebruary14ththeself-drivingcar,travelingat2mph(3km/h),pulledoutinfrontofapublicbusgoing15mph(24km/h).ThemanintheGooglevehiclereportedthatheassumedthebuswouldslowdowntoletthecarout,andsohedidnotswitchtothemanualmode.Inastatement,Googlesaid:"Weclearlybearsomeresponsibility,becauseifourcarhadn\'tmoved,therewouldn\'thavebeenacrash."Thatsaid,ourtestdriverbelievedthebuswasgoingtosloworstoptoallowustomergeintothetraffic,andthattherewouldbesufficientspacetodothat."Thecompany\'sself-drivingcarshavedonewelloveramillionmilesacrossvariousstatesintheUS,anduntilnowhaveonlyreportedminoraccidents.1.A)Themaninthecarwasabsent-minded.B)ThetestdrivermadeawrongjudgementC)Theself-drivingsystemwasfaultyD)ThecarwasmovingatafastspeedQ1:AccordingtoGoogle,whatwasthecauseoftheaccident?解析：根据新闻第一句话，这篇新闻主要报道的是谷歌无人自动驾驶汽车与一辆公交车发生碰撞这一事故。根据原文“ThemanintheGooglevehiclereportedthatheassumedthebuswouldslowdowntoletthecarout,andsohedidnotswitchtothemanualmode.”选项B是正确选项，是对原文的同义替换，题目较难。2.A)Theyhavedonebetterthanconventionalcars.B)TheyhavecausedseveralseverecrashesC)TheyhaveposedathreattootherdriversD)Theyhavegenerallydonequitewell.Q2:HowhaveGoogle’sself-drivingcarsperformedsofar?解析：根据原文“Thecompany\'sself-drivingcarshavedonewelloveramillionmilesacrossvariousstatesintheUS,anduntilnowhaveonlyreportedminoraccidents.”选项D是对原文的同义替换。题目相对较难。NewsReportTwoThousandsofbeesleftatownafterlandingonthebackofacarwhentheirqueengotstuckinitsboot.TomMoseswhoworksatanearbynationalpark,noticeda“brownpatch”onthebackofthecaraftertheownerparkedittodosomeshopping.Whenhelookedcloserherealizeditwasahugegroupofbees.Mosessaid:“Ihaveneverseenthatmanybeesinonespot.Itwasveryunusual.Theywereveryclosetogetherandtherewasalotofnoiseandmovements,itwasinterestingtoseesuchastrangesight.ButtherewerealotofpeoplearoundandIwasabitworriedaboutthebeesandthepeoplestoppingtolook.Ithoughtthatsomeonemightdosomethingstupid.Mosescalledtwolocalbeesspecialistswhohelpedremovedthebeesbyattractingthemintoabox.Mosesspentthreehourslookingafterthebeesandwasstungfivetimes,hesaid,“mystingsareabitpainfulbutIampleasedthatallworkedoutandIcouldhelp,peopleneedtorealizethatbeesarevaluableandtheyshouldbelookedafter.”3.A)HeworksatanationalparkB)HeisaqueenbeenspecialistC)HeremovedthebeyondfromthebootD)HedrovethebeesawayfromhiscarQ3.WhatdowelearnaboutTomMoses?解析：根据选项特点：男He开头的选项，着重听男He信息即可，根据原文“Heworksatanearbynationalparkandnoticedabrownpatchonthebackofthecaraftertheownerparkedittodosomeshopping.”因此答案选A,原文重现，题目较简单。4.A)TheywerelookingafterthequeenB)TheyweremakingalotofnoiseC)TheywerelookingforanewboxtoliveinD)TheyweredancinginauniquewayQ4.Whatdoweknowaboutthebeesonthebackofthecar?解析：根据原文“Itwasveryunusual.Theywereveryclosetogetherandtherewasalotofnoiseandmovements,itwasinterestingtoseesuchastrangesight.”选项B,是对原文的同义改写，alotofnoise是原文重现，题目叫简单。NewsreportThreeAnewspeciesofsnakehasbeendiscoveredonaremoteislandintheBahamas.Scientistsidentified20oftheonemeter-longsnakesduringtwotripstotheCaribbeanislands.ThesecondtripwasmadeinOctoberlastyear.Oneofthecreaturesmadeadramaticappearancebymovingontotheheadoftheteamleaderasheslept.ThesnakehasbeennamedSilverBoabecauseit’sslivercoloredandthefirstspecimenfoundwasclimbingasilverpalmtree.TheteamwasledbyDr.GrahamReynolds,fromHarvardUniversity,thescientistconfirmedthesnakewasapreviouslyunknownspeciesafterconductingageneticanalysisoftissuesamples.Commentingonthefind,snakeexpertRobertHendersonfromtheMuseumofNaturalHistory,said:“Worldwidenewspeciesoffrogsarebeingdiscoveredanddescribedquiteregularity.Newspeciesofsnakes,however,aremuchrarer.5.A)ThediscoveryofanewspeciesofsnakeB)ThesecondtriptoasmallremoteislandC)Thefindingof2newspeciesoffrogD)ThelatesttestonrareanimalspeciesQ5.Whatisthenewsreportmainlyabout?解析：根据题文同序原则，在新闻开头部分直接提到“AnewspeciesofsnakehasbeendiscoveredonaremoteislandintheBahamas.”选项A几乎是原文重现，题目相对简单。6.A)ApoisonoussnakeattackedhimonhisfieldtripB)HediscoveredararefogonadesertedC)AsnakecrawledontohisheadinhissleepD)HefellfromatallpalmtreebyaccidentQ6.Whatdowelearnaboutthescientificteamleader?解析：根据选项特点，在文中要捕获的信息是snake和He，根据原文“Oneofthecreaturesmadeadramaticappearancebymovingontotheheadoftheteamleaderasheslept.”选项C是对原文的同义改写，同时theheadof…slept是原文重现，题目相对简单。7.A)FromitsgenesB)FromitslengthC)FromitsoriginD)FromitscolourQ7.Howdidthenewlydiscoveredcreaturegetitsname?解析：根据新闻的结构，题目中提到的“its”与snake相关，根据原文“ThesnakehasbeennamedSilverBoabecauseit’sslivercoloredandthefirstspecimenfoundwasclimbingasilverpalmtree.”选项D为正确选项，题目相对简单。总结：新闻部分题的设置还是同去年的一样，5道相对简单的题，2道相对难的题。SectionBConversationConversationOneW:Didyouenjoyyourstaywithus,Mr.Brown?M:Yes,verymuch.Ihadawonderfultimehere.NowI\'mgoingtotheairport.Myflightleavesinlessthan2hours.So,couldyoutellme,what\'sthequickestwaytogetthere?W:Well,wecancallataxiforyou.Wealsohaveafreeairportshuttleservice.M:Thatsoundsgreat,butwilltheshuttlegetmetotheairportintime?W:Yes,itshould.Thenextshuttleleavesin15minutes.Andittakessome25minutestogettotheairport.M:Fantastic!I\'lljustwaitinthelobby.Willyoupleaseletmeknowwhenit\'sleaving?W:Ofcourse,sir.M:NowIwouldliketosettlemymini-barbill.Howmuchisthat?W:Let\'ssee.Itcomesto$37.50.Howwouldyouliketopayforit?M:I\'llpaywithmycreditcard.Thanks.ButI\'llneedareceipt,soIcanchargeittomycompany.W:Absolutely!Hereyouare,sir.Ifyoulike,Icanleaveyourbagswiththeporter.Andhecanloadthemontotheshuttleforyouwhenitarrives.M:Thatwouldbegreat.Thankyou.W:Wouldyouliketoleaveacommentonourwebpagewhenyouhavetime?M:Sure.Ihadareallygoodstayhere,andI\'dliketorecommendyourhoteltomyfriendsandcolleagues.W:That’sverykindofyou.ThankyouagainforstayingatSheratonHotel.8.A)ThesecuritychecktakestimeB)HehastocheckalotofluggageC)Hisflightisleavinginlessthan2hoursD)TheairportisalongwayfromthehotelQ:Whydoesthemanaskaboutthequickestwaytotheairport?解析：根据文章开头第一个话轮可判断对话可能是一名服务人员与顾客的对话，且整个对话的语态及内容都是以“咨询-回答”形式进行。根据原文：Myflightleavesinlessthan2hours.So,couldyoutellme,what\'sthequickestwaytogetthere?连接词“so”表示前因后果；所以，答案C选项“Hisflightisleavinginlessthan2hours.”正确，属于原文重现，题目简单。9.A)IncashB)BycreditcardC)Withatraveler’scheckD)WithhissmartphoneQ:Howisthemangoingtopayhisbill?解析：首先判断四个选项都是以“in/by/with”表示用某种方式方法付款。其次，根据原文：问句“Howwouldyouliketopayforit?”以及回答“I\'llpaywithmycreditcard.”；所以，答案B选项“Bycreditcard”属于原文重现，题目相对简单。10.A)GivehimareceiptB)ConfirmhisflightC)LookafterhisluggageD)FindaporterforhimQ.Whatdidthemanaskthewomantodo?解析：首先判断四个选项都是动词原形（dosomething）开头的词组结构，且“forhim”可表示该男人可能在请求帮助。其次，根据原文：“ButI\'llneedareceipt,soIcanchargeittomycompany.”是明显的原文重现；所以，答案A选项“Givehimareceipt”是正确选项,题目相对简单。11.A)SigningupformembershipofSHotelB)StayinginthesamehotelnexttimehecomesC)LoadingherluggageontotheairportshuttleD)Postingacommentonthehotel’swebpageQ:Whatfavordoesthewomanaskoftheman?解析：首先判断四个选项都是V-ing开头的词组结构，且B选项“nexttimehecomes”表示该题目问男人要去做的事情。其次，根据原文:“Wouldyouliketoleaveacommentonourwebpagewhenyouhavetime?”是明显的原文重现；所以，答案D选项“postingacommentonthehotel’swebpage”是正确选项；ABC均没有出现在文章当中，全部排除。题目相对简单。ConversationTwoM:Youknow,Ben’sgivenupmakingthoseterriblefacesheusedtomake.Theotherday,hecamehomefromschoolalmostintears.Histeachersaidifhewentonlikethat,hisfacewouldgetstuckwhenthewindschanged.W:Andhebelievedher?M:Yeah,he’sonlyalittleboy.Don’tyourememberallthosethingsweusedtobelievewhenwewerelittle?IremembermyauntMaryusedtosayifyouswallowacherrystone,atreewouldgrowoutofyourmouth.AndI’mstillterrifiedtoday,sortofsubconsciously.Youknow,ifIswallowonebymistake…W:Yeah,Isupposeyou\'reright.Theonethatusedtogetmewasthatswanscouldbreakyourlegwhentheyblowofthewing.M:Theycan,can’tthey?Ialwaysthoughttheycould.W:No,theyarenotthatstrong.Butthere’sanotheroneevenmoreterrifying.Thatis,ifyouputapoststamponupsidedown,youwillgotoprison.M:No,neverheardofthat.Butmygrandmotherwasaterrorforthatkindofthing.Forexample,shewouldsay,youwillgetaspotonyourtongueifyoutellalie.Ifyoueatstalebread,yourhairwillcurl.Andhere’sonemore.WewentonacampaigntriponceinItaly,andmywifespentthewholetimeworryingaboutbatsgettingintoherhair.Shesaidhergrandmotherreckonedyouhadtoshaveyourheadtogetitout.Mywifewasreallyterrified.W:Silly,isn’tit?Butthat’showsomeparentstrytokeeptheirkidsfromdoingthewrongthingorgettingintotrouble.12.A)HeistheonlyboyinhisfamilyB)HebecomestearfulinwindC)HehasstoppedmakingterriblefacesD)Heishisteacher’sfavoritestudentQ:WhatdoesthemansayaboutBen?解析：首先根据选项特征Hedo/be结构可知考察某位男士信息，且对话开头围绕一位叫做Ben的小男孩和他在学校发生的事情。其次，根据原文：“Youknow,Ben’sgivenupmakingthoseterriblefacesheusedtomake.”是明显的原文重现；所以，答案C选项“Hehasstoppedmakingterriblefaces”是正确选项；ABD均没有出现在文章当中，全部排除。题目相对简单。13.A)TellhimtoplayinherbackyardB)DosomethingfunnytoamusehimC)GivehimsomecherrystonestoplaywithD)WarnhimofdangerbymakingupastoryQ:WhatdidauntMarryusedtodowhenthemanwasachild?解析：首先根据选项中“him”可知考察某位男士相关信息且A选项有“inherbackyard”，表示和另外一位女士有关。其次，根据原文：“IremembermyauntMaryusedtosayifyouswallowacherrystone,atreewouldgrowoutofyourmouth.AndI’mstillterrifiedtoday,sortofsubconsciously.Youknow,ifIswallowonebymistake…”进行简单推断可知这位女士对说话人进行了警告；所以，答案D选项“warnhimofdangerbymakingupastory”是正确选项，ABC选项均没有出现在原文当中，可排除。题目相对简单。14.A)Theycouldbreakpp’slegsB)TheycouldsometimesterrifyadultsC)TheycouldflyagainstastrongwindD)TheycouldknockppunconsciousQ:Whatdoesthewomanbelieveswanscoulddo?解析：首先根据选项中“they”可知考察某一群体的相关信息，且C选项中的“flyagainstastrongwind”可简单预判为一种鸟类。其次，根据原文：“Theonethatusedtogetmewasthatswanscouldbreakyourlegwhentheyblowofthewing.”；所以，答案A选项“Theycouldbreakpp’slegs”原文重现，是正确选项；BCD均没有出现在原文当中，可排除。题目相对简单。15.A)OnewouldgetaspotontheirtonguesiftheytoldaliedeliberatelyB)OnewouldhavetoshavetheirheadtoremoveabatintheirhairC)OnewouldgotoprisoniftheyputastamponupsidedownD)OnewouldhavecurlyhairiftheyatetoomuchstalebreadQ:Whatdidthegrandmotheroftheman’swifesay?解析：首先根据所有选项中开头“onewould”可知考察意见或建议。其次，根据原文：“mywifespentthewholetimeworryingaboutbatsgettingintoherhair.Shesaidhergrandmotherreckonedyouhadtoshaveyourheadtogetitout.”；所以，答案B选项“Onewouldhavetoshavetheirheadtoremoveabatintheirhair”原文重现，是正确选项；A选项deliberately错误，D选项atetoomuch错误，C选项并非这位男士妻子所说的话。题目相对较难。总结：本次的长对话相对去年12月和6月的题而言简单，原文重现的简单题7道，相对较难的题1道。SectionCPassagePassageOneIfIcouldgobackinhistoryandlivewhenIliked,Iwouldn\'tgobackveryfar.Infact,I\'dliketoreliveaperiodI\'vealreadylived–the1960s.Iwasinmytwenties,andeverythingwasbeingrenewed.PeoplewouldcomeinoutofaformalandalmostVictorianattitude,andyoureallyfeltanythingwaspossible.Meetingpeoplewasthething,andyouwenttocoffeebarswhereyoumetfriendsandspenttheevening.Thecinema,thetheater,allthatwaseveryexcitingwithnewthingscomingout.Infact,weseemedtobeout,allthetime!Idon\'treallyrememberworking–ofcourse,Iwasastudent–orsittingaroundathomeverymuch.Thatjustwasn\'twherethescenewas,eveneating!Itwasthefirsttime,ordinarypeoplestartedgoingouttoeat.Wewerebeginningtobeadventurousaboutfood,butweweremoreinterestedinmeetingpeoplethanineatingordrinking.Anddress,yes,thatwastherevolution.Imean,girlswentaroundinreallyshortskirts,andworeflowersintheirhair.Andmenwereinjeans,andcouldweartheirhairlongtoo.Itwasawonderfulperiod.Itwaslikelivinginanageyoucouldneverhaveimagined,andthatneverhascomeback.Wedidn\'thavemuchmoney,butitdidn\'tmatter.Andtherewasplentyofopportunitytodowhateveryoufeltlikedoing.16.Q：Whydoesthespeakersayhewouldliketorelivethe1960s?解析：根据题文同序原则，答案在开头部分。文章是一篇典型的记叙文，主题是关于作者想要回到20世纪60年代的故事。根据原文：Iwasinmytwenties,andeverythingwasbeingrenewed.是同义替换；因此，答案C选项Everythingseemedtobechanging是正确选项。题目较难。17.Q:Whatdoesthespeakersaywasthemostpopularthingtodoatthattime?解析：根据原文：PeoplewouldcomeinoutofaformalandalmostVictorianattitude,andyoureallyfeltanythingwaspossible.Wewerebeginningtobeadventurousaboutfood,butweweremoreinterestedinmeetingpeoplethanineatingordrinking.A选项Meetingpeople是正确选项。题目较简单。18.Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthespeaker?解析：根据原文“I\'dliketoreliveaperiodI\'vealreadylived–the1960s.Iwasinmytwenties,”D选项Hewasayoungstudentinthe1960s是正确选项,题目相对简单。PassageTwoDogs,man\'sbestfriends,haveaclearstrategyfordealingwithangryowners—theylookaway.Newresearchshowsthatdogslimittheireyecontactwithangryhumans.Thescientistssuggestthismaybeanattempttocalmhumansdown.Thisbehaviormayhaveevolvedasdogsgraduallylearnedtheycouldbenefitfromavoidingconflictswithhumans.Toconductthetests,theUniversityofHelsinkiresearcherstrained31dogstorestinfrontofavideoscreen.Facialphotosofdogsandhumansweredisplayedonthescreenfor1.5seconds.Theyshowedthreatening,pleasantandneutrals.Nearbycamerastrackedthedogs\'eyemovements.Dogsinthestudylookedmostattheeyesofhumansandotherdogstosensetheiremotions.Whendogslookedatexpressionsofangrydogs,theireyesrestedmoreonthemouth,perhapstointerpretthethreatenings.Andwhenlookingatangryhumans,theytendedtoturnawaytheirgaze.Dogsmayhavelearnedtodetectthreatsignsfromhumansandrespondbytryingtomakepeace,accordingtoresearcherSanniSomppi.Avoidingconflictsmayhavehelpeddogsdevelopbetterbondswithhumans.Theresearchersalsonotethatdogsscanfacesasawholetosensehowpeoplearefeeling,insteadoffocusingonagivenfeature.Theysuggestthisindicatesthatdogsaren\'tsensingemotionsfromasinglefeature,butpiecingtogetherinformationfromallfacialfeaturesjustashumansdo.19.Q:Whatdodogsdowhentheyarefacedwithangryhumans?解析：根据原文:Newresearchshowsthatdogslimittheireyecontactwithangryhumans；选项中的avoid是对原文limit的同义替换，故B选项Theyavoidlookingatthem是正确选项。题目相对较难。20.Q:Whatdoesadogdowhenitseesthesofangrydogs?解析：根据原文Whendogslookedatexpressionsofangrydogs,theireyesrestedmoreonthemouth,perhapstointerpretthethreatenings.因此，C选项.Itfocusesitseyesontheirmouths.选项中的focus是对原文中rest的同义替换，题目相对简单。21.Q:Howdoesadogsensepeople\'sfeelings?解析：根据原文Theysuggestthisindicatesthatdogsaren\'tsensingemotionsfromasinglefeature,butpiecingtogetherinformationfromallfacialfeaturesjustashumansdo.因此B选项Bytakingintheirfacialexpressionsasawhole是正确选项。PassageThreeWinterinmanyplacesisverycold.Thereislotsofsnowaround,andthegroundfreezes,whichcanmakelifedifficultforanimals.Peopleincoldplacesliveinwarmhousesandhavelearnedtoadapt.Whatdoanimalsdo?Therearethreemainwaysthatanimalssurvivethecoldinwinter:sleep,adaptormigrate.Someanimals,suchasbears,frogsandsnakes,sleepallwinter.Theysleepverydeeplyandneedlittleornofood.Whilesleeping,theirbodytemperaturedrops,andtheirheartbeatslowsdown.Toprepareforthisbeforewinter,theseanimalseatextrafoodtobecomefat,whichgivesthemtheenergytheyneedwhiletheysleep.Otheranimalsadapt.Forexample,bystayingactiveinwinter.Itisoftenhardforthemtofindfood.Sosomeanimals,suchasmice,collectextrafoodbeforewinter,andhideit.Whenwintercomes,theyreturntotheirhidingplacestoeatthefood.Someanimalsgrowthickerfur,orliveintreeholesorundergroundtostaywarm.Somebirdsmigratebyflyingtoawarmerplaceforthewinter,wheretheycanfindmorefood.Someflyverylongdistances,includingonekindofbirdthatfliesfromtheremotenorthoftheworld,allthewaytothedistantsouth.Somebirdsflyingroupsforsafety,whileothersflyalone.22.Q:Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutanimalsinwinter?解析：根据题文同序原则，答案在开头部分。文章开头是一个转折型开头，整篇材料讲的是动物怎么过冬的问题。根据原文：Whatdoanimalsdo?Therearethreemainwaysthatanimalssurvivethecoldinwinter:sleep,adaptormigrate.因此，答案D选项，Theyresorttodifferentmeanstosurvivethebittercold.是对原文简单的同义替换，题目相对简单。23.Q:Whatdowelearnaboutanimalsthatsleepthroughwinter?解析：根据原文Toprepareforthisbeforewinter,theseanimalseatextrafoodtobecomefat,whichgivesthemtheenergytheyneedwhiletheysleep。因此，C选项Theyconsumetheenergystoredbeforethelongsleep是正确选项，属于对原文的同义改写，题目相对较难。24.Q:Howdoanimalslikemiceadapttotheseverewinter?解析：该问题针对文章提出三个类型之一——调整以度过严寒冬天。根据原文Itisoftenhardforthemtofindfood.Sosomeanimals,suchasmice,collectextrafoodbeforewinter,andhideit.Whenwintercomes,theyreturntotheirhidingplacestoeatthefood。因此，A选项Bystoringenoughfoodbeforehand是正确选项，是对原文简单的同义改写，题目相对简单。25.Whydosomebirdsflyingroupswhenmigrating,accordingtothespeaker?解析：根据原文Somebirdsflyingroupsforsafety,whileothersflyalone。因此，C选项Tostaysafe,是对原文简单的同义改写，题目相对简单。总结：篇章的难度和材料的内容相对去年6月和12月的题而言，相对简单。较难的题只占到了3道。PartⅢReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Themethodformakingbeerhaschangedovertime.Hops(啤酒花),forexample,whichgivemanyamodernbeeritsbitterflavor,area26recentadditiontothebeverage.Thiswasmentionedinreferencetobrewingintheninthcentury.Now,researchershavefounda27ingredientinresidue(残留物)from5000-year-oldbeerbrewingequipment.WhileexcavatingtwopitsatasiteinthecentralplainsofChina,scientistsdiscoveredfragmentsfrompotsandve__.Thedifferentshapesofthecontainers28theywereusedtobrew,filter,andstorebeer.Theymaybeancient“beer-makingtools,”andtheearliest29evidenceofbeerbrewinginChina,theresearchersreportedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.To30thathypothesis,theteamexaminedtheyellowish,dried31insidethevessels.Themajorityofthegrains,about80%,werefromcerealcropslikebarley(大麦),andabout10%werebitsofroots,32lily,wouldhavemadethebeersweeter,thescientistssay.Barleywasanunexpectedfind:thecropwasdomesticatedinWesternEurasiaanddidn’tbecomea33foodincentralChinauntilabout2000yearsago,accordingtotheresearchers.Basedonthattiming,theyindicatebarleymayhave34intheregionnotasfood,butas35materialforbeerbrewing.26I27N28M29C30O31J32E33L34A35G解析选项词词性意义分析A)Arrived[v-ed]到达B)Consuming[v-ing]消费C)Direct[adj.]直接的D)Exclusively[adv.]排外地E)Including[prep.]包括F)Inform[v.]通知G)Raw[adj.]未加工的H)Reached[v-ed]达到I)Relatively[adv.]相对地J)Remains[v.]保留[n.]剩余物K)Resources[n.]资源L)Staple[adj.]主要的M)Suggest[v.]建议N)Surprising[adj.]令人惊讶的O)Test[v.]测试/[n.]测试26I，由空格前的a和空格后的recent，可以判定空格处缺副词，所以在D和I里面选择，A)arrivedI)relativelyB)consumingJ)remainsC)directK)resourcesD)exclusivelyL)stapleE)includingM)surprisingF)informN)suggestG)rawO)testH)reached根据语义，应该选I，relatively。27N，由空格后的ingredient，可以判定空格前缺形容词，根据语义，选N，surprising。28M，由空着前的container和空格后的they，可以判定空格处缺谓语动词，根据语义，选M，suggest。29C，由空格前的earliest和空格后的evidence，可以判定空格处缺形容词，根据语义，选C，direct。30O，由空格前的to和空格后的that，可以判定空格处缺动词原形，根据空格后的的hypnosis，选O，test，意为“为了验证这个假设”31J，由空格前的dried可以判定空格处缺名词，根据语义，选J，remains（剩余物/沉淀物）32E，由空格前的about10%werebitsofroots,以及空格后的lily，可以判定选E，including33L，由空格前的a和空格后的food，可以判定空格处缺形容词，根据语义，选L，staple34A，由空格前的mayhave和空格后的intheregion可以判定空格处缺Ved，根据语义，选A，arrived35G，由空格前的butas和空格后的material可以判定选项词为形容词，根据意义，选G，raw。SectionB36.Readinesstotakeadvantageofnewopportunitieswillmakeiteasiertocreateone’sdesiredfuture.（G）37.Byconventionalstandards,Leahwasatypicalsuccessfulwomanbeforeshechangedhercareer（D）38.Leahgainedconfidencebylayingoutherfearsandconfrontingthemdirectly.（L）39.Insearchofameaningfullife,Leahgaveupwhatshehadandsetupherownyogastudios.（B）40.Leah’sinterestinyogapromptedhertomakeafirmdecisiontoreshapeherlife.（F）41.Smallsignsmayindicategreatchangestocomeandthereforemeritattention.（C）42.Leah’sfirstyogastudiowasbynomeansanimmediatesuccess.（H）43.Somepeopleregardprofessionalchangeasanunpleasantexperiencethatdisturbstheircareer.（A）44.TheworstfearthatLeaheverhadwastheprospectoflosingheryogabusiness.（K）45.Assheexplorednewinterestsanddevelopednewpotentials,Leahfeltpowerfulinternally.（E）解析：36.Readinesstotakeadvantageofnewopportunitieswillmakeiteasiertocreateone’sdesiredfuture.（中）G：根据关键词opportunities定位到G段第1行，判定选G37.Byconventionalstandards,Leahwasatypicalsuccessfulwomanbeforeshechangedhercareer（中）D：根据conventionalstandards可以对应原文D段第一行的traditionalmeasuresofsuccess，题干中的successful对应D选项第三行。38.Leahgainedconfidencebylayingoutherfearsandconfrontingthemdirectly.（难）L：题干中的confidence和原文的L段第2行的intentional和strong是替换词39.Insearchofameaningfullife,Leahgaveupwhatshehadandsetupherownyogastudios.（中）B：根据题干中的Insearchof和ameaningfullife和yogastudios可以对应B段40.Leah’sinterestinyogapromptedhertomakeafirmdecisiontoreshapeherlife.（中）F：根据题干的interest对应F段第一行，reshapeherlife.对应F段第一行的reinvent，firmdecision对应F段最后一行的firmcommitment41.Smallsignsmayindicategreatchangestocomeandthereforemeritattention.（中）C：smallsigns对原文C段第4行的slightsigns，greatchangestocome对应第4行的bigchangestocome42.Leah’sfirstyogastudiowasbynomeansanimmediatesuccess.（中）H：根据题干中的yogastudio和success可以确定答案为H43.Somepeopleregardprofessionalchangeasanunpleasantexperiencethatdisturbstheircareer.（中）A：根据题干中的professionalchange可以对应A段中的同样的词，此外unpleasant对应原文unwelcome，career也在A段出现。44.TheworstfearthatLeaheverhadwastheprospectoflosingheryogabusiness.（中）K：根据题干的fear对应K段第三行的fear，以及prospect对应原文相同词45.Assheexplorednewinterestsanddevelopednewpotentials,Leahfeltpowerfulinternally.（中）E：根据题干中的interests和原文E段第二行，potential和原文capability替换，题干的powerfulinternally对应E段相同词。SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.PassageOne46.答案A(Britonshavecuttheirspendingonit)解析：根据定位词toiletpaper和decrease定位到第一段，原文通过不定式tosavemoney表明卫生纸销量下降原因是为了省钱，与A选项意思一致。BCD三个选项原文均未提及，故不选。47.答案B(Itwillremaingloomy)解析：根据定位词future,tissuepaper和UK定位到第三段最后一句，原文looksfarfromrosy表明前景并不乐观，故需要选择一个意思负向的词，只有B选项gloomy是负向词，故正确。ACD均不符。48.答案C(Luxuriousfeaturesaddmuchtotheprice)解析：根据定位词JackDuckett定位到第五段引号部分，C选项与原文引号部分最后一句话意思一致。其他三个选项原文均未提及，故不选。49.答案A(Theyareparticularaboutthequalityoftoiletpaper)解析：根据定位词Britons和顺序定位原则定位到倒数第二段，原文theyremainfussy（插入语不看）whenitcomestopaperquality,A选项是对原文的同义改写，正确。其他三个选项原文均未提及，故不选。50.答案D(EnvironmentalprotectionisnotmuchofaconcernwhenBritonsbuytoiletpaper)解析：根据提示段落lastparagraph定位到最后一段，原文highlightinghowoveralltheenvironmentismuchlessofaconsiderationforshoppersthanproductquality与D选项意思一致，都说明环境问题不是英国人在购买卫生纸时最关心的问题。其他三个选项与原文意思不符故不选。PassageTwo51.答案B(Shesucceededinquittingsmokingabruptly)解析：根据定位词Lindson-Hawley和hermother定位到第一二两段，根据我们上课讲到的答案提示词foundthat进一步精准定位到第二段，原文hermomquittherightway—bystoppingabruptlyandcompletely，B选项显然是对原文的同义改写(succeeded—right)和原词复现(abruptly)。其他三个选项与原文均未提及，故不选。52.答案D(Theywereofferednicotinereplacement)解析：根据定位词support和Lindson-Hawley’sstudy定位到第三段，D选项和原文inaadditiontoasecondformofnicotinereplacements意思一致，正确。其他三个选项与原文均未提及，故不选。53.答案C(Itisencouraging)解析：根据定位词Dr.GF和顺序原则定位到倒数第二段最后两句话，本段很长，信息量大，出了三道题也就不足为奇。根据原文信息，我们发现Dr.GF和Lindson-Hawley的观点一致，都是支持果断戒烟，故选择一个表赞成的选项，C选项encouraging符合。其他三个选项意思不符，故不选。54.答案B(needssomepracticefirst)解析：根据定位词marathon和popularbeliefe定位到倒数第二段第二句的引号部分，B选项和原文出现原词复现(practice)，正确。其他三个选项与原文均未提及，故不选。55.答案A(Theyfinditevenmoredifficult)解析：根据定位词gradually（考查用表频率的副词定位）定位到倒数第二段的第六句insteadof……，根据我们上课讲到的答案提示词insteadof和actually进一步精准定位，发现A选项是对原文的同义改写。B选项simply过于绝对故不选。C选项意思与原文相反故不选。D选项原文未提及pain故不选。PartIVTranslation珠江是华南第一大河系，流经广州市，是中国第三长的河流，仅次于长江和黄河。珠江三角洲（delta）是中国最发达的地区之一，面积约11,000平方公里。它在面积和人口方面也是世界上最大的城市聚集区。珠江三角洲九个最大城市共有5,700多万人口。上世纪70年代末中国改革开放以来，珠江三角洲已成为中国和世界主要经济区域和制造中心之一。【译文】ThePearlRiver,thelargestriverinsouthernChina,flowsacrossGuangzhouCityandisChina\'sthirdlongriver,secondonlytotheYangtzeRiverandtheYellowRiver.ThePearlRiverDeltaisoneofthemostdevelopedregionsinChina,coveringanareaofabout11,000squarekilometers.Itisalsothelargestcitygatheringareaintermsoftheareaandpopulation.TheninelargestcitiesinthePearlRiverDeltahaveapopulationofmorethan57million.Sincethereformandopeningupinthelate1970s,thePearlRiverDeltahasbecomeoneofthemajoreconomicregionsandmanufacturingcentresbothinChinaandinthewholeworld.【解析】①珠江是华南第一大河系，流经广州市，是中国第三长的河流，仅次于长江和黄河。ThePearlRiver,thelargestriverinsouthernChina,flowsacrossGuangzhouCityandisChina\'sthirdlongriver,secondonlytotheYangtzeRiverandtheYellowRiver.句法方面：这句话里面有四个动词：第一个“是”不翻，处理为同位语thelargestriverinsouthernChina；第二个动词“流经”和第三个动词“是”用谓语动词处理，这两个谓语动词可以选用比较不容易出错的并列连词and连接；“次于”翻译为形容词短语翻译即可secondto。词汇方面：“珠江”如果翻译不出，可以用音译法，译为theZhujiangRiver；“流经”flowsacross,如果写flowsthrough不是很好，through一般表示三维立体的穿过，across表示平面的穿过，更贴切。②珠江三角洲（delta）是中国最发达的地区之一，面积约11,000平方公里。句法方面：前半句主系表结构很容易，这种“之一”的句式四级已经考过很多了，后半句可以用非谓语动词covering引出面积，也可以用介词短语with引出，withanareaofabout11,000squarekilometers.词汇方面：平方公里squarekilometers，大家不要用数学的符号；“约”不要漏译，也可以译为around,approximately,nearly等③它在面积和人口方面也是世界上最大的城市聚集区。句法方面：主句用个主系表结构翻译；“在面积和人口方面”是状语，用介词短语withregardto/intermsof/whenitcomesto或者用最简单的in，并放置到句尾即可。词汇方面：城市聚集区比较陌生，但是各个词不难，用直译法翻译即可citygatheringarea。④珠江三角洲九个最大城市共有5,700多万人口。TheninelargestcitiesinthePearlRiverDeltahaveapopulationofmorethan57million.句法方面：主谓宾的简单句，“珠江三角洲”作“九个最大城市”的定语，用介词短语后置翻译词汇方面：5,700万相当于57个百万，所以译为57million，million后不可以加“s”；此外，不要漏译“多”morethan。此类数字的翻译在历年真题中出现多次。⑤上世纪70年代末中国改革开放以来，珠江三角洲已成为中国和世界主要经济区域和制造中心之一。句法方面：虽然句子较长，但是大家只找到一个动词“成为”，因此该句也用主系表结构翻译即可。句子长只是因为有较多的状语和定语。另外还需要注意的是主句谓语动词的时态，宜选用完成时态hasbecome，搭配状语sincethereformandopeningupinthelate1970s,使用词汇方面：时间词，上世纪70年代末，译为inthelate1970s；特色词，改革开放thereformandopeningup；经济区域和制造中心，注意“经济”和“制造”的词性，不要用economy和manufacture。2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案（第一套）PartIWriting（25minutes）Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashorteasyonhowtobesthandletherelationshipbetweendoctorsandpatients.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension（25minutes）SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1.A)HerfriendErika.C)Hergrandfather.B)Herlittlebrother.D)Hergrandmother.2.A)Bytakingpicturesforpassers-by.C)Bysellinglemonadeandpictures.B)Byworkingparttimeatahospital.D)Byaskingforhelponsocialmedia.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.A)Findingcheaperwaysofhighwayconstruction.B)Generatingelectricpowerforpassingvehicles.C)Providingcleanenergytofivemillionpeople.D)Testingtheefficiencyofthenewsolarpanel.4.A)Theycanstandthewearandtearofnaturalelements.B)Theycanbelaidrightontopofexistinghighways.C)Theyareonlyabouthalfaninchthick.D)Theyaremadefromcheapmaterials.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A)Endlessfightingintheregion.C)Inadequatefundingforresearch.B)Thehazardsfromthedesert.D)Thelackofcluesaboutthespecies.6.A)Toobservethewildlifeinthetwonationalparks.B)Toidentifythereasonsforthelions’disappearance.C)TostudythehabitatoflionsinSudanandEthiopia.D)Tofindevidenceoftheexistenceofthe“lostlions”.7.A)Lionswalking.C)Somecampingfacilities.B)Lions’tracks.D)Trapssetbylocalhunters.SectionBDirections：Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)Her‘luckybirthday’.C)Herweddinganniversary.B)Acallfromherdad.D)Aspecialgiftfromtheman.9.A)Gaveherabigmodelplane.C)Tookheronatripoverseas.B)Boughtheragoodnecklace.D)Threwherasurpriseparty.10.A)Thegiftherhusbandhasbought.B)Thetripherhusbandhasplanned.C)Whathasbeentroublingherhusband.D)Whatherhusbandandthemanareupto.11.A)Hewillbegladtobeaguideforthecouple’sholidaytrip.B)Hewilltellthewomenthesecretifherhusbandagrees.C)Heiseagertolearnhowthecouple’sholidayturnsout.D)Hewantstofindoutaboutthecouple’sholidayplan.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Theyaresensitivetothedynamicsofanegotiation.B)Theyseetheimportanceofmakingcompromises.C)Theyknowwhentoadoptatoughattitude.D)Theytaketherival’sattitudeintoaccount.13.A)Theyknowhowtoadapt.C)Theyknowwhentomakecompromises.B)Theyknowwhentostop.D)Theyknowhowtocontroltheiremotion.14.A)Theyarepatient.C)Theylearnquickly.B)Theyaregoodatexpression.D)Theyupholdtheirprinciples.15.A)Makeclearone\'sintentions.C)Formulateone\'sstrategy.B)Clarifyitemsofnegotiation.D)Gettoknowtheotherside.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),D).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)WhenAmerica\'searliestspaceprogramstarted.B)WhentheInternationalSpaceStationwasbuilt.C)Howmanyspaceshuttlemissionstherewillbe.D)HowspaceresearchbenefitspeopleonEarth.17.A)Theyaccuratelycalculatedthespeedoftheorbitingshuttles.B)Theydevelopedobjectsforastronautstouseinouterspace.C)Theytriedtomeetastronauts\'specificrequirements.D)Theytriedtomakebestuseofthelatesttechnology.18.A)Theyareextremelyaccurate.C)Theywerefirstmadeinspace.B)Theyareexpensivetomake.D)Theywereinventedinthe1970s.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)ItwaswhenherancestorscametoAmerica.B)Peoplehadplentyoflandtocultivatethen.C)Itmarkedthebeginningofsomethingnew.D)Everythingwasnaturalandgenuinethen.20.A)Theybelievedinworkingforgoals.C)Theyhadallkindsofentertainment.B)Theyenjoyedlivingalivingalifeofease.D)Theywereknowntobecreative.21.A)Chattingwithherancestors.C)Polishingallthesilverwork.B)Furnishinghercountryhouse.D)Doingneedleworkbythefire.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)Useamaptoidentifyyourlocation.C)Sitdownandtrytocalmyourself.B)Callyourfamilyorfriendsforhelp.D)Trytofollowyourfootprintsback.23.A)Youmayfindawayoutwithoutyourknowingit.B)Youmayexposeyourselftounexpecteddangers.C)Youmaygetdrownedinasuddenflood.D)Youmayendupenteringawonderland.24.A)Lookforfood.C)Startafire.B)Waitpatiently.D)Walkuphill.25.A)Informsomebodyofyourplan.C)Checkthelocalweather.B)Prepareenoughfoodanddrink.D)Findamapandacompass.PartReadingComprehension(40minutes)ⅢSectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Aratorpigeonmightnotbetheobviouschoicetotendtosomeonewhoissick,butthesecreatureshavesome26skillsthatcouldhelpthetreatmentofhumandiseases.Pigeonsareoftenseenasdirtybirdsandanurban27,buttheyarejustthelatestinalonglineofanimalsthathavebeenfoundtohaveabilitiestohelphumans.Despitehavingabrainnobiggerthanthe28ofyourindexfinger,pigeonshaveaveryimpressive29__memory.Recentlyitwasshownthattheycouldbetrainedtobeasaccurateashumansatdetectingbreastcancerinimages.Ratsareoften30withspreadingdiseaseratherthan31it,butthislong-tailedanimalishighly32.Insidearat\'snoseareupto1,000differenttypesofolfactoryreceptors（嗅觉感受器）,whereashumansonlyhave100to200types.Thisgivesratstheabilitytodetect__33smells.Asaresult,someratsarebeingputtoworktodetectTB（肺结核）.Whentheratsdetectthesmell,theystopandrubtheirlegsto34asampleisinfected.Traditionally,ahundredsampleswouldtakelabtechniciansmorethantwodaysto35,butforaratittakeslessthan20minutes.Thisratdetectionmethoddoesn\'trelyonspecialistequipment.Itisalsomoreaccurate—theratsareabletofindmoreTBinfectionsand,therefore,savemorelives.A)associatedI)slightB)examineJ)specifyC)indicateK)superiorD)nuisanceL)suspiciousE)peakM)tipF)preventingN)treatedG)prohibitingO)visualH)sensitiveSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.DoIn-ClassExamsMakeStudentsStudyHarder?Researchsuggeststheymaystudymorebroadlyfortheunexpectedratherthansearchforanswers.[A]Ihavealwaysbeenapoortest-taker.SoitmayseemratherstrangethatIhavereturnedtocollegetofinishthedegreeIleftundonesomefourdecadesago.IammakingmywaythroughColumbiaUniversity,surroundedbystudentswhoquicklysupplytheverbalanswerwhileIamstillprocessingthequestion.[B]Sincethereisnowayformetoavoidexams,Iamcurrentlyquestioningwhatkindarethemosttaxingandultimatelybeneficial.Ihavealreadysweatedthroughnumerousin-classmidtermsandfinals,andnowIhaveaprofessorwhoissuestake-homeones.IwasexcitedwhenIlearnedthis,figuringIhadafullweektodotheresearch,readthetexts,andwriteitallup.Infact,Iwasstillrewritingmymidtermthemorningitwasdue.TosayIhadlostthethreadisputtingitmildly.[C]AsIwassufferingthroughmyweekofanxiety,overthinkingthematerialandguessingmygraspofit,Ididsomeofmyownpollingamongstudentsandprofessors.DavidEisenbach,whoteachesapopularclassonU.S.presidentsatColumbia,prefersthein-classvariety.Hebelievesstudentsultimatelylearnmoreandencouragesthemtoformstudygroups.“Thatwaytheysocializeoverhistoryoutsidetheclass,whichwouldn’thappenwithoutthepressureofanin-classexam,”heexplained,“Furthermore,in-classexamsforcestudentstolearnhowtoperformunderpressure,andessentialworkskill.”[D]Healsosaysthereislesschanceofcheatingwiththein-classvariety.In2012,125studentsatHarvardwerecaughtupinascandalwhenitwasdiscoveredtheyhadcheatedonatake-homeexamforaclassentitled“IntroductionToCongress.”Somecollegeshavewhattheycallan“honorcode,”thoughifyouaresmartenoughtogetintotheseschools,youareeithersmartenoughtogetaroundanycodesorhopefully,tooethicaltoconsiderdoingso.AsIsatblockedandcluelessfortwosoliddays,ImomentarilywonderedifIcouldn’tjustcallanexpertonthesubjectmatterwhichIwastackling,orsomeonewhotooktheclasspreviously,togetmegoing.[E]FollowingtheHarvardscandal,MaryMiller,theformerdeanofstudentsatYale,madeanimpassionedappealtoherschool’sprofessorstorefrainfromtake-honeexams.“Studentsriskhealthandwellbeing,aswellasperformanceinotherend-of-termwork,whenfacultyofferstake-homeexamswithoutclear,time-limitedboundaries,”shetoldme.“Researchnowshowsthatregularquizzes,shortessays,andotherassignmentsoverthecourseofatermbetterenhancelearningandretention.”[F]Mostcollegeprofessorsagreethekindofexamtheychooselargelydependsonthesubject.Aquantitative-basedone,forexample,isunlikelytobesenthome,whereonecouldasktheirolderbrothersandsisterstohelp.Vocational-typeclasses,suchascomputerscienceorjournalism,ontheotherhand,areoftenmoreresearch-orientedandlendthemselvestotake-hometesting.ChrisKoch,whoteaches“HistoryofBroadcastJournalism”atMontgomeryCommunityCollegeinRockville,Maryland,pointsoutthatreportingisaboutinvestigationratherthanthememorizationofminutedetails.“Inmyfield,it’snotwhatyouknow—it’swhatyouknowhowtofindout,”saysKoch.“Thereiswaytoomuchinformation,andmorecomingallthetime,foranyonetoremember.Iwantmystudentstosearchouttheanswerstoquestionsbyusingalltheresourcesavailabletothem.[G]Students’test-formpreferencesvary,too,oftendependingonthesubjectandcoursedifficulty.“Iprefertake-homeessaysbecauseitisthenreallyaboutthewriting,soyouhavetimetoeditanddomoreresearch,”saysElizabethDresser,ajunioratBarnard.Thenthereisthestressfactor.FrancescaHaass,asenioratMiddlebury,says,“Ifindthein-classonesaremorestressfulintheshortterm,butthereisimmediatereliefasyouswallowinformationlikemad,andthenyougettoforgetitall.Take-homesrequirethoughtfulengagementwhichcanleadtolongertermstressasthereisneveramomentwhenthetimeisup.”Meanwhile,OliviaRubin,asophomoreatEmory,saysshehardlyevenconsiderstake-homestrueexams.“Ifyouunderstandthematerialandhavetheabilitytoarticulate(说出)yourthoughts,theyshouldbeabreeze.”[H]Howstudentsultimatelyhandlestressmaydependontheirpersonaltest-takingabilities.Therearepeoplewhoalwayswaituntilthelastminute,andmakeitmuchharderthanitneedstobe.Andthentherethosewho,notknowingwhatquestionsarecomingatthem,andhavingnoresourcestoreferto,canfreeze.Andthentherearewerarefolkswhofitboththosedescriptions.[I]Yes,myadvancedagemustfactorintotheequation(等式),inpartbecauseofmyinabilitytoaccesstheinformationasquickly.AsanotherreturningstudentatColumbia,KateMarber,toldme,“Wearelearningnotonlyallthisinformation,butessentiallyhowtolearnagain.Ourfellowstudentshavejustcomeoutofhighschool.Alothaschangedsincewewerelastinschool.”[J]Ifnothingelse,thesituationhasgivenmycollegesonandmesomethingtoshare,WhenIaskedhisopiniononthismatter,heresponded,“Ilikein-classexamsbecausethetimeisalreadyreserved,asopposedtousingmyfreetimeathometoworkonatest,”heresponded.Itseemstomethatacompromisewouldbereceivingtheexamquestionsadayortwoinadvance,andthendoingtheactualtestinclassthetickingclockoverhead.[K]Betteryet,howaboutwhatoneHunterCollegeprofessorreportedlydidrecentlyforherfinalexam:Sheencouragedtheclassnottostressorevenstudy,promisingthat,“Itisgoingtobeapieceofcake.”Whenthestudentscamein,sharpenedpencilsinhand,therewasnotabluebookinsight.Rather,theysawalargechocolatecakeandtheyeachweregivenaslice.36.Elderlystudentsfindithardtokeepupwiththerapidchangesineducation.37.Somebelievetake-homeexamsmayaffectstudents\'performanceinothercourses.38.Certainprofessorsbelievein-classexamsareultimatelymorehelpfultostudents.39.In-classexamsarebelievedtodiscouragecheatinginexams.40.Theauthorwashappytolearnshecoulddosomeexamsathome.41.Studentswhoputofftheirworkuntilthelastmomentoftenfindtheexamsmoredifficultthantheyactuallyare.42.Differentstudentsmaypreferdifferenttypesofexams.43.Mostprofessorsagreewhethertogiveanin-classoratake-homeexamdependsontypeofcoursebeingtaught.44.Theauthordroppedoutofcollegesomefortyyearsago.45.Somestudentsthinktake-homeexamswilleatuptheirfreetime.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46and50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thatpeopleoftenexperiencetroublesleepinginadifferentbedinunfamiliarsurroundingsisaphenomenonknownasthe“first-night”effect.Ifapersonstaysinthesameroomthefollowingnighttheytendtosleepmoresoundly.YukaSasakiandhercolleaguesatBrownUniversitysetouttoinvestigatetheoriginsofthiseffect.Dr.Sasakiknewthefirst-nighteffectprobablyhassomethingtodowithhowhumansevolved.Thepuzzlewaswhatbenefitwouldbegainedfromitwhenperformancemightbeaffectedthefollowingday.Shealsoknewfrompreviousworkconductedonbirdsanddolphinsthattheseanimalsputhalfoftheirbrainstosleepatatimesothattheycanrestwhileremainingalertenoughtoavoidpredators(捕食者).Thisledhertowonderifpeoplemightbedoingthesamething.Totakeacloserlook,herteamstudied35healthypeopleastheysleptintheunfamiliarenvironmentoftheuniversity’sDepartmentofPsychologicalSciences.Theparticipantseachsleptinthedepartmentfortwonightsandwerecarefullymonitoredwithtechniquesthatlookedattheactivityoftheirbrains.Dr.Sasakifound,asexpected,theparticipantssleptlesswellontheirfirstnightthantheydidontheirsecond,takingmorethantwiceaslongtofallasleepandsleepinglessoverall.Duringdeepsleep,theparticipants’brainsbehavedinasimilarmannerseeninbirdsanddolphins.Onthefirstnightonly,thelefthemispheres(半球)oftheirbrainsdidnotsleepnearlyasdeeplyastheirrighthemispheresdid.Curiousifthelefthemisphereswereindeedremainingawaketoprocessinformationdetectedinthesurroundingenvironment,Dr.Sasakire-rantheexperimentwhilepresentingthesleepingparticipantswithamixofregularlytimedbeeps(蜂鸣声)ofthesametoneandirregularbeepsofadifferenttoneduringthenight.Sheworkedoutthat,ifthelefthemispherewasstayingalerttokeepguardinastrangeenvironment,thenitwouldreacttotheirregularbeepsbystirringpeoplefromsleepandwouldignoretheregularlytimedones.Thisispreciselywhatshefound.46.Whatdidresearchersfindpuzzlingaboutthefirst-nighteffect?A)Towhatextentitcantroublepeople.C)Whatcircumstancesmaytriggerit.B)Whatroleithasplayedinevolution.D)Inwhatwayitcanbebeneficial.47.WhatdowelearnaboutDr.YukaSasakidoingherresearch?A)Shefoundbirdsanddolphinsremainalertwhileasleep.B)Shefoundbirdsanddolphinssleepinmuchthesameway.C)ShegotsomeideafrompreviousstudiesonbirdsanddolphinsD)Sheconductedstudiesonbirds’anddolphins’sleepingpatterns.48.WhatdidDr.Sasakidowhenshefirstdidherexperiment?A)Shemonitoredthebrainactivityofparticipantssleepinginanewenvironment.B)Sherecruited35participantsfromherDepartmentofPsychologicalSciences.C)Shestudiedthedifferencesbetweenthetwosidesofparticipants’brains.D)Shetestedherfindingsaboutbirdsanddolphinsonhumansubjects.49.WhatdidDr.Sasakidowhenre-runningherexperiment?A)Sheanalyzedthenegativeeffectofirregulartonesonbrains.B)Sherecordedparticipants’adaptationtochangedenvironment.C)Sheexposedherparticipantstotwodifferentstimuli.D)Shecomparedtheresponsesofdifferentparticipants.50.WhatdidDr.Sasakifindabouttheparticipantsinherexperiment?A)Theytendedtoenjoycertaintonesmorethanothers.B)Theytendedtoperceiveirregularbeepsasathreat.C)Theyfeltsleepywhenexposedtoregularbeeps.D)Theydifferedintheirtoleranceofirregulartones.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.It’stimetoreevaluatehowwomenhandleconflictatwork.Beingoverworkedorover-committedathomeandonthejobwillnotgetyouwhereyouwanttobeinlife.Itwillonlyslowyoudownandhinderyourcareergoals.Didyouknowwomenaremorelikelythanmentofeelexhausted?Nearlytwiceasmanywomenthanmenages18-44reportedfeeling“verytired”or“exhausted”,accordingtoarecentstudy.Thismaynotbesurprisinggiventhatthisistheagerangewhenwomenhavechildren.It\'salsotheagerangewhenmanywomenaretryingtobalancecareersandhome.Onereasonwomenmayfeelexhaustedisthattheyhaveahardtimesaying"no."Womenwanttobeabletodoitallvolunteerforschoolpartiesorcookdeliciousmeals-andsotheiranswertoanyrequestisoften“Yes,Ican.”Womenstruggletosay“no”intheworkplaceforsimilarreasons,includingthedesiretobelikedbytheircolleagues.Unfortunately,thisinabilitytosay"no"maybehurtingwomen\'sheathaswellastheircareer.Attheworkplace,menuseconflictasawaytopositionthemselves,whilewomenoftenavoidconflictorstrivetobethepeacemaker,becausetheydon\'twanttobeviewedasaggressiveordisruptiveatwork.Forexample,there’saproblemthatneedstobeaddressedimmediately,resultinginadisputeovershouldbetheonetofixit.Menaremorelikelytofacethatdisputefromtheperspectiveofwhatbenefitsthemmost,whereaswomenmayapproachthesamedisputefromtheperspectiveofwhat\'stheeasiestandquickestwaytoresolvetheproblem-evenifthatmeansdoingtheboringworkthemselves.Thisdifferenceinhandlingconflictcouldbethedecidingfactoronwhogetspromotedtoaleadershippositionandwhodoesnot.Leadershavetobeabletodelegateandmanageresourceswisely–includingstaffexpertise.Shoulderingmoreoftheworkloadmaynotearnyouthatpromotion.Instead,itmayhighlightyourinabilitytodelegateeffectively.51.Whatdoestheauthorsayistheproblemwithwomen?A)Theyareoftenunclearaboutthecareergoalstoreach.B)Theyareusuallymorecommittedathomethanonthejob.C)Theytendtobeover-optimisticabouthowfartheycouldgo.D)Theytendtopushthemselvesbeyondthelimitsoftheirability.52.Whydoworkingwomenofchild-bearingagetendtofeeldrainedofenergy?A)Theystruggletosatisfythedemandsofbothworkandhome.B)Theyaretoodevotedtoworkandunabletorelaxasaresult.C)Theydotheirbesttocooperatewiththeirworkmates.D)Theyareobligedtotakeuptoomanyresponsibilities.53.Whatmayhinderthefutureprospectsofcareerwomen?A)Theirunwillingnesstosay“no”.B)Theirdesiretobeconsideredpowerful.C)Anunderestimateoftheirownability.D)Alackofcouragetofacechallenges.54.Menandwomandifferintheirapproachtoresolvingworkplaceconflictsinthat______.A)womentendtobeeasilysatisfiedB)menaregenerallymorepersuasiveC)mentendtoputtheirpersonalinterestsfirstD)womenaremuchmorereadytocompromise55.Whatisimportanttoagoodleader?A)Adominantpersonality.C)ThecouragetoadmitfailureB)Theabilitytodelegate.D)Astrongsenseofresponsibility.PartTranslation(30minutes)ⅣDirections:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.华山位于华阴市，据西安120公里。华山是秦岭的一部分，秦岭不仅分割陕南与陕北，也分隔华南与华北。与从前人们常去朝拜的泰山不同，华山过去很少有人光临，因为上山的道路极其危险。然而，希望长寿大人却经常上山，因为山上生长着许多草药，特别是一些稀有的草药。自上世纪90年代安装缆车以来，参观人数大大增加。答案速查PartReadingComprehension(40minutes)ⅢSectionA26—30KDMOA31—35FHICBSectionB36—40IECDB41—45HGFAJSectionC46—50DCACB51—55DAACB',)