过去分词用法详解 (1),过去分词的用法例句

('过去分词的用法一、构成：规则动词的过去分词是有动词原形+ed构成的，不规则动词则有各自构成。二、基本特点：过去分词在句子中的基本用法有两点：1.与逻辑主语之间是被动关系2.表示完成的动作三、过去分词的用法：1.作表语：过去分词作表语时，一般同时具备被动与完成的含义例如：（1）Thecupisbroken.（2）Heisretired.（3）Afterrunning,heistired.【注意】过去分词作表语时，已经变成形容词性质，主要表示主语的状态（被动完成）,而被动语态则表示动作.例如：(1)Thecupwasbrokenbymylittlesisteryesterday.茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作)（2）Thecupisnowbroken.茶杯碎了.(过去分词作表语,表示状态)【注意】有些动词如interest,bore,worry,surprise,frighten等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,表示“感到……”用-ing形式来修饰物，表示“令人……”例如：ThebookisinterestingandI\'minterestedinit.这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣.2.做定语作定语用的过去分词其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成.1）单一过去分词作定语,常置于其所修饰的名词之前，称作前置定语。例如：Wemustadaptourthinkingtothechangedconditions.我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况.2）过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,相当于一个定语从句,称作后置定语。例如：Theconcertgivenbytheirfriendswasasuccess.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功.3）过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号.例如：Themeeting,attendedbyoverfivethousandpeople,welcomedthegreathero.4）用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以修饰与人有关的表情，面貌，举止行为以及感觉等，这时不能用v-ing形式例如：Theboylookedupwithapleasedexpression.Hissatisfiedlookshowedthathehadpassedthisexam.3.作状语作状语的过去分词在句子中多表示被动和完成两重含义。1）时间状语：A.当和谓语动词动作同时发生时，一般仅表示被动,可以用when从句代替。例如：Facedwithdifficulties,weshouldn’twithdrawforanyexcuse.B.当表示动作发生在谓语动词之前时，通常既表被动又表完成，可用after从句代替，也可用现在分词的被动完成形式代替。例如：Caughtbythepolice,thethieflayontheground,cryingandshouting.2）原因状语：过去分词所表示的动作多有被动和完成两重含义。例如：Writteninahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood!因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好.Welcomedbyallthestudents,weexpressedowntruethankstothem.被全体同学欢迎，我们表达真挚的感激【注意】有些过去分词因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表主动.这样的过去分词及短语常见的有:lost(迷路);seated(坐);hidden(躲);stationed(驻扎);lost/absorbedin(沉溺于);born(出身于);dressedin(穿着);tiredof(厌烦).等，这种结构可以改写成一个because引导的主系表结构句子。例如：Lost/Absorbedindeepthought,hedidn\'thearthesound.因为沉溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音.Tiredofthenoise,hedecidedtomovetothecountry.因厌倦了噪音，他决定搬到农村去。Dressedinanorangedress,shelookedmorebeautifulthanbefore.穿上橘红色连衣裙，她看起来比以前更美3）条件状语：作条件状语时，一般只表被动含义。相当于if引导的条件状语从句。例如：Growninrichsoil,theseseedscangrowfast.如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快.4）伴随情况：表示伴随谓语动词发生的另外动作，位于主语之后，用逗号隔开，可以同时表示被动与完成，例如：Themotherranacrossthestreet,followedbyherlittleson.5）结果状语：表示发生在谓语动词后的动作，位于主句后用都逗号分开，也可以同时表示被动与完成。例如：Helistenedtothehero’sstory,movedtotears.【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,构成"连词+过去分词"结构作状语.例如：Whengivenamedicalexamination,youshouldkeepcalm.当你做体格检查时要保持镇定.Afterseatedinthesofa,hebagantofeelcomfortable.Ifpermitted,hewassuretocomewithus.4.作宾语补足语：常见的带过去分词作宾补的动词有两类：1）感官动词.如:see,watch,observe,lookat,hear,listento,feel,notice,think等.例如：IheardthesongsunginEnglish.Hefoundhishometowngreatlychanged.2）使役动词.如:have,make,get,keep,leave等.例如：I\'llhavemyhaircuttomorrow.明天我要理发.Don\'tleavethosethingsundone.要把那些事情做完.注意：使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况.1）过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成.例如：Hehadhismoneystolen.他的钱给偷了.(被别人偷去了)2）过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历.如:Hehadhislegbroken.他的腿断了.(自己的经历)5."with+宾语+过去分词"结构"with+宾语+过去分词"结构中,过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语.这一结构通常在句中作时间,方式,条件,原因等状语.例如:(1)Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.凶手被带进来,他的双手被绑在背后.(表方式)(2)Withwaterheated,wecanseethesteam.水一被加热,我们就会看到水蒸气.(表条件)(3)Withthemattersettled,weallwenthome.事情得到解决,我们都回家了.(表原因)(4)Shestoodinfrontofhim,withhereyesfixedonhisface.她站在他面前,眼睛注视着他.（表伴随）(5)Hestoodforaninstantwithhishandstillraised.他仍然举着手站了一会儿.（表伴随）分词使用技巧一、现在分词和过去分词的两大区别：1.现在分词与过去分词的最大差别在语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动。2.现在分词与过去分词的第二大差别在时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成。二、现在分词和过去分词的逻辑主语逻辑主语就是与分词具有主、被动关系的名词或代词。它既可能是句子主语，又可能是句中宾语，或者是句中的表语（不要理解成句子主语）；它既可能是动作行为的发出者，也有可能是动作行为的承受者。如果是动作的发出者，与分词构成主谓关系。如果是动作的承受者，与分词构成动宾关系。（1）作状语时Seeingtheteachercomein,allthestudentsstoodup.thestudents是seeing的逻辑主语，主谓（主动）关系Heated,themetalexpands.themetal是heated的逻辑主语，动宾（被动）关系结论：分词作状语，其逻辑主语是句子主语。（2）作宾补时Isawhimreadinglastnight.him是reading的逻辑主语，主谓（主动）关系Hiswifefoundhishairdyedblack.hair是dyed的逻辑主语，动宾（被动）关系结论：分词作宾补，其逻辑主语是句子宾语。（3）作表语时Thefilmismoving.thefilm是moving的逻辑主语，主谓（主动）关系Thevisitorslookedsurprised.thevisitors是surprised的逻辑主语，动宾（被动）关系结论：分词作表语，其逻辑主语是句子主语。（4）作定语时Thisisaninterestingbook.book是interesting的逻辑主语，主谓（主动）关系Themovedchildrenlookedserious.children是moved的逻辑主语，动宾（被动）关系结论：分词作定语，其逻辑主语是被修饰词（即中心词）。（5）用于复合结构中时（即在独立主格中与with复合结构中）Withthetaskcompleted,wewentouttotakesomefreshair.task是completed的逻辑主语，动宾（被动）关系Weatherpermitted,we’llgoskiingthisSunday.Weather是permitted的逻辑主语，动宾（被动）关系结论：分词用于复合结构，逻辑主语是复合结构中的逻辑主语三、确定分词的使用的具体步骤:1、确定分词的语法成分2、找准逻辑主语3、判断主、被动关系4、选定现在或过去分词一、分词选择填空练习1.Allthings____,theplannedtripwillhavetobecalledoff.A)consideredB)beconsideredC)consideringD)havingconsidered2.Thehousewasveryquiet,____asitwasonthesideofamountain.A)isolatedB)isolatingC)beingisolatedD)havingbeenisolated3.Thiscrophassimilarqualitiestothepreviousone,____bothwind-resistantandadaptedtothesametypeofsoil.A)beingB)beenC)tobeD)havingbeen4.CornoriginatedintheNewWorldandthuswasnotknowninEuropeuntilColumbusfoundit____inCuba.A)beingcultivatedB)beencultivatedC)havingcultivatedD)cultivating5.____inthisway,thesituationdoesn\'tseemsodisappointing.A)TolookB)LookingatC)LookedatD)Tobelookedat6.Youwillseethisproduct____whereveryougo.A)tobeadvertisedB)advertisedC)advertiseD)advertising7.____inarecentsciencecompetition,thethreestudentswereawardedscholarshiptotaling21,000dollars.A)TobejudgedthebestB)havingjudgedthebestC)JudgedthebestD)Judgingthebest8.Fromthedates____ontheplates,wedecidedthattheyweremadeinSongDynasty.A)markingB)havingbeenmarkedC)markedD)tobemarked9.____tomeetanybody,hewentinfromthebackdoor.A)NotwishingB)WishingC)NotwishedD)Nowishing10.Theeditorial____nowwillappearintomorrow\'snewspaper.A)writingB)towriteC)beingwrittenD)write11.____withthesizeofthewholeearth,thehighestmountaindoesnotseemhighatall.A)WhencomparedB)WhilecomparingC)CompareD)Comparing12.Theoldmancameupstairswithgreatstrength,hisrighthand____astickforsupport.A)heldB)holdingC)beingholdingD)washolding13.____threetimesinarow,theboxerdecidetogiveupfighting.A)havingdefeatedB)TohavedefeatedC)havingbeendefeatedD)Tohavebeendefeated14.____neglectingoureducation,myfathersentmetoschool.A)AccusedofB)AccusingofC)TobeaccusedofD)Thathewasaccusedof15.___mainlyfortheinventionofthetelephone,AlexanderGrahamBelldevotedhislifetohelpingthedeaf.A)HeisrememberedB)WhilebeingrememberedC)ToberememberedD)Thoughremembered16.___onaclearday,farfromthecitycrowds,themountainsgivehimasenseofinfinitepeace.A)IfwalkingB)WhilewalkingC)WalkingD)Whenoneiswalking17.Acoolrainwasfalling,___withsnow.A)mixedB)mixingC)tomixD)havingmixed18.____bythepolice,thekidnappershadnochoicebuttosurrender.A)SurroundedB)SurroundingC)havingsurroundedD)Tobesurrounded19.Alltheexampapers____,theteachersenttheclasshome.A)havingbeenhandedinB)havinghandsinC)handinginD)beinghandedin20.____in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.A)FoundingB)ItwasfoundedC)BeingfoundedD)Founded21.There____nofreshdrinkingwaterandnogoodfarmland,itwasnotacomfortableplaceinwhichtolive.A)beB)wasC)wereD)being22.___inBeijingforquiteafewyears,Mr.ParkhadlittledifficultyunderstandingChinese.A)havinglivedB)LivedC)LivingD)Tolive23.Anypacket____properlywillnotbeacceptedbythepostoffice.A)nottobewrappedB)notbeingwrappedC)notwrappedD)nothavingbeenwrapped24.Thelab____nextyearwillbemoreadvancedthantheoldone.A)builtB)tobebuiltC)beingbuiltD)tobuild25.Annawasreadingapieceofsciencefiction,completely____totheoutsideworld.A)beinglostB)losingC)havinglostD)lost二、翻译句子练习：根据过去分词的用法翻译下列句子1.你认识那个穿着红衣服的妇女吗__________________________________________________________________________________________2.舒服地坐在椅子上,他在沉思._________________________________________________________________________________________3.对于昨天发生的事故,我很震惊._________________________________________________________________________________________4.给予更多的关心的话,这些树会长得更好._________________________________________________________________________________________5.他作了自我介绍,以便使自己被大家认识._________________________________________________________________________________________6.昨天,我把衣服让人洗了._________________________________________________________________________________________7.上周一,我看到你兄弟被一个陌生人打了._________________________________________________________________________________________8.将书合上背诵这篇课文._________________________________________________________________________________________9.我提高了声音以便使自己被听见._________________________________________________________________________________________10.如果被问及,你不要说我在家里._________________________________________________________________________________________11.你参加了昨天举行的会议吗_________________________________________________________________________________________12.从日本引进的这些种子已经坏了._________________________________________________________________________________________13.我想把这封信寄出去._________________________________________________________________________________________14.女工人将头发扎在后面来上班._________________________________________________________________________________________15.我们没有足够的食物吃的日子一去部复返了._________________________________________________________________________________________16.我们必须适应改变了的形式._________________________________________________________________________________________17.用所给的动词写出两个句子._________________________________________________________________________________________18.他们在看足球比赛,兴奋而又满意._________________________________________________________________________________________19.他说爬山很累.但是我一点也不累._________________________________________________________________________________________20.即使在森林里迷路了,他也不担心._________________________________________________________________________________________',)