Unit-12-语法讲解：过去完成时

Grammar过去完成时各个时态时间轴：（以数轴和点作为例子）WhenIgottoschool,IrealizedthatIhadleftmybackpackathome.BythetimeIgottoschool,thebellhadrung.BeforeIgottothebusstop,thebushadalreadyleft.IwasabouttogouptomyofficewhenIdecidedtogetacoffeefirst.AsIwaswaitinginlinewiththeotherofficeworkers,Iheardaloudsound.观察以下句子中主句和从句的时态特点一、概念：①表示某一动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成。强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前时。时间轴：②表示从过去的某一时刻开始，一直持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。强调动作持续了多久注意：它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”小口诀：有两个动作发生在过去，一个先发生，一个后发生，先发生的用过完，后发生的用过去。肯定句主语＋had+过去分词+其他.否定句主语+hadn’t+过去分词＋其他.一般疑问句及答语Had+主语+过去分词+其他？肯定回答：Yes,主语+had.否定回答：No,主语+hadn’t.二、过去完成时的句式结构1)在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作标志词：by、bytheendof+过去的时间点/动作before、bythetime、until+时间状语从句(一般过去时)三、具体用法e.g.他说他以前见过你。Hesaidthathe_________(see)youbefore.e.g.Bythetimetheteachercame,we______cleaningtheclassroom.A.finishedB.havefinishedC.hadfinishedhadseenC2）从过去的某一时刻开始，一直持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态标志词：常与for、since构成的时间状语连用e.g.IhadstudiedEnglishforthreeyearsbeforecomingtothisschool.在来这所学校之前，我已经学习英语三年了。e.g.Whenwegottothecinema,themovie______fortenminutes.A.hasbeenonB.hadbeenonC.hadbegunD.beganB3)过去完成时经常用于主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中,表示从句动作先于主句动作发生,像在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句中。e.g.他告诉我说他们队已经赢了。Hetoldmethathisteam_________already_______(win).e.g.她说她仍没去过长城。Shesaidthatshe_____________(notgoto)theGreatWallyet.hadwonhadn’tbeentoThenightbeforeThanksgivingThensoonFinallyThatevening时态区别：一般过去时、现在完成时与过去完成时1.一般过去时表示在过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态例：Iboughtthebackpack5yearsago.我五年前买了这个背包。5yearsagonow2.现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关。结构为：“助动词have（has）+done”已经做完某事例：Ihavehadthebackpackfor5years.我已经买了这个背包五年了。5yearsagohavehadnow3.过去完成时表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或存在的状态，即“过去的过去”例：Ihadhadthebackpackfor4yearsbylastyear.到去年为止，我已经买了这个背包四年了。hadhadlastyearnow1.WhenIgotthere,thebus_________(go).2.BythetimeIgottoclass,theteacher_____(start)theclass.3.BythetimeIgottoclass,theclass______(start)for5minutes.4.我到达公共汽车站之前，汽车已经离开了。BeforeI__________thebusstop,thebus______________.hadgonehadstartedhadbeenongottohadalreadyleftWhenIgottoschool,IrealizedthatIhadleftmybackpackathome.BythetimeIgotbacktoschool,thebellhadrung.BeforeIgottothebusstop,thebushadalreadyleft.IwasabouttogouptomyofficewhenIdecidedtogetacoffeefirst.AsIwaswaitinginlinewiththeotherofficeworkers,Iheardaloudsound.4aMakesentencesusingbythetimeorbefore.1.Timwentintothebathroom.Marygotup.BythetimeMarygotup,Timhadalreadygoneintothebathroom.2.Thecoffeebecamecold.Iputcreaminthecoffee.__________________________________________________3.Theteachercollectedthemathhomework.Igottoschool.____________________________________________________________________________________________________BythetimeIputcreaminthecoffee,ithadbecomecold.BeforeIgottoschool,theteacherhadcollectedthemathhomework.4.Icompletedtheworkformyboss.Theworkdayended.____________________________________________________________________________________________5.Themoviestarted.Iarrivedatthecinema.________________________________________________6.Mymotherfinishedmakingtheapplepie.Igothomefrommylanguagecourse.__________________________________________________________________________________________________BythetimeIarrivedatthecinema,themoviehadstarted.BythetimeIgothomefrommylanguagecourse,mymotherhadfinishedmakingtheapplepie.Beforetheworkdayended,Ihadcompletedtheworkformyboss.4bFillintheblankswiththecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox.rushoutforgetarriveatgointoshowupfindout1.BythetimeIarrivedattheparty,everyoneelse________already______________.2.Whenheputthenoodlesintoabowl,herealizedhe_____________toaddthegreenbeans.hadshoweduphadforgotten3．Bythetimemymothercamebackfromthemarket,I_____already___________ofthedoortogotomypianolesson.4．Beforeshegottotheairport,she_____________abouttheearthquake.5．Whenshe______________themovietheater,sherememberedshehadforgottentofeedherdog.6．Beforeshegotachancetosaygoodbye,he_____________thebuilding.hadrushedouthadfoundoutarrivedathadgottenintorushoutforgetarriveatgointoshowupfindout4cWritetwotruestatementsandonefalsestatementaboutyourdayyesterday.Thenaskyourclassmatestoguessthefalsestatement.1.BythetimeIleftforschoolinthemorning,___________________________________________________2.Bytheendoftheschoolday,_________________________________________________3.Bydinnertime,I_____________________________________IrealizedthatIhadleftmykeysathome.Ihadalreadyfinishedmyhomework.hadmadetheeggsoup.