最新六级CET-6真题及答案(三套全)

('学习-----好资料2013年12月大学英语六级考试真题（第1套）PartIWriting(30minutes)（请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试）Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayonhappinessbyreferringtothesaying“Happinessisnottheabsenceofproblems,buttheabilitytodealwiththem.”Youcanciteexamplestoillustrateyourpointandthenexplainhowyoucandevelopyourabilitytodealwithproblemsandbehappy.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.A)Therockbandneedsmorehoursofpractice.B)Therockbandisgoingtoplayhereforamonth.C)Theirhardworkhasresultedinabigsuccess.D)Heappreciatesthewoman’shelpwiththeband.2.A)GoonadivingtourinEurope.C)Traveloverseasonhisown.B)Add300dollarstohisbudget.D)JoinapackagetourtoMexico.3.A)Incasesomeproblemshouldoccur.C)Toavoidmoreworklateron.B)Somethingunexpectedhashappened.D)Tomakebetterpreparations.4.A)Thewomanaskedforafreepasstotryoutthefacilities.B)Themanisgoingtorenewhismembershipinafitnesscenter.C)Thewomancangivethemanadiscountifhejoinstheclubnow.D)Themancantryoutthefacilitiesbeforehebecomesamember.5.A)Heisnotafraidofchallenge.B)Heisnotfittostudyscience.C)Heisworriedaboutthetest.D)Heisgoingtodropthephysicscourse6.A)Payforpartofthepicnicfood.C)BuysomethingspecialforGary.B)InviteGary’sfamilytodinner.D)Takesomefoodtothepicnic.7.A)Busdrivers’workingconditions.C)Publictransportation.B)Alabordisputeatabuscompany.D)Acorporatetakeover.更多精品文档学习-----好资料8.A)Thebankstatement.C)Thepaymentforanorder.B)Theirsalesoverseas.D)Thecheckjustdeposited.Questions9to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.9.A)Ahotelreceptionist.C)Ashopassistant.B)Aprivatesecretary.D)Asalesmanager.10.A)Voice.C)Appearance.B)Intelligence.D)Manners.11.A)Arrangeonemoreinterview.C)Reportthemattertotheirboss.B)OfferthejobtoDavidWallace.D)HireBarbaraJonesonatrialbasis.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Heinventedtherefrigerator.C)HegotadegreeinMathematics.B)Hepatentedhisfirstinvention.D)Hewasadmittedtouniversity.13.A)Hedistinguishedhimselfinlowtemperaturephysics.B)HefellinlovewithNatashaWilloughby.C)HebecameaprofessorofMathematics.D)Hestartedtoworkonrefrigeration.14.A)Findingthetruenatureofsubatomicparticles.B)Theirworkonveryhighfrequencyradiowaves.C)Layingthefoundationsofmodemmathematics.D)Theirdiscoveryofthelawsofcauseandeffect.15.A)Toteachatauniversity.C)Tospendhisremainingyears.B)Topatenthisinventions.D)Tohaveathree-weekholiday.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillhespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。PassageOneQuestions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Theyhavefallenpreytowolves.B)Theyhavebecomeatouristattraction.C)Theyhavecausedlotsofdamagetocrops.D)Theyhavebecomeaheadachetothecommunity.17.A)Tocelebratetheirvictory.C)Toscarethewolves.B)Tocheerupthehunters.D)Toalertthedeer.18.A)Theywouldhelptospreadafataldisease.B)Theywouldposeathreattothechildren.C)Theywouldendangerdomesticanimals.D)Theywouldeventuallykilloffthedeer.更多精品文档学习-----好资料PassageTwoQuestions19to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)Sheisaninterpreter.C)Sheisadomesticservant.B)Sheisatouristguide.D)Sheisfromtheroyalfamily.20.A)Itwasusedbythefamilytoholddinnerparties.B)Itissituatedatthefootofabeautifulmountain.C)Itwasfrequentlyvisitedbyheadsofstate.D)Itisfurnishedlikeoneinaroyalpalace.21.A)Itiselaboratelydecorated.B)Ithassurvivedsome2,000years.C)Itisverybig,withonlysixslimlegs.D)ItisshapedlikeanancientSpanishboat.22.A)Theyareuncomfortabletositinforlong.B)Theydonotmatchtheovaltableatall.C)Theyhavelostsomeoftheirlegs.D)Theyareinterestingtolookat.PassageThreeQuestions23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.23.A)Itinanuncommoninfectiousdisease.B)Itdestroysthepatient’sabilitytothink.C)Itisadiseaseverydifficulttodiagnose.D)Itisthebiggestcripplerofyoungadults.24.A)Searchforthebestcure.C)Writeabookaboutherlife.B)Hurryupandlivelife.D)Exercisemoreandworkharder.25.A)Aggressive.C)Sophisticated.B)Adventurous.D)Self-centered.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadfortthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。It’sdifficulttoestimatethenumberofyoungstersinvolvedinhomeschooling,wherechildrenarenotsenttoschoolandreceivetheirformaleducationfromoneorbothparents.(26)_______andcourtdecisionshavemadeitlegallypossibleinmoststatesforparentstoeducatetheirchildrenathome,andeachyearmorepeopletakeadvantageofthatopportunity.Somestatesrequireparentsorahometutortomeetteachercertificationstandards,andmanyrequireparentstocompletelegalformstoverifythattheirchildrenarereceiving(27)_______instate-approvedcurricula.Supportsofhomeeducationclaimthatit’slessexpensiveandfarmore(28)_______thanmasspubliceducation.Moreover,theyciteseveraladvantages:alleviationofschool更多精品文档学习-----好资料overcrowding,strengthenedfamilyrelationships,lower(29)_______rates,thefactthatstudentsareallowedtolearnattheirownrate,increased(30)_______,higherstandardizedtestscores,andreduced(31)_______problems.Criticsofthehomeschoolingmovement(32)_______thatitcreatesasmanyproblemsasitsolves.Theyacknowledgethat,inafewcases,homeschoolingofferseducationalopportunitiessuperiortothosefoundinmostpublicschools,butfewparentscanprovidesucheducationaladvantages.Someparentswhowithdrawtheirchildrenfromtheschools(33)_______homeschoolinghaveaninadequateeducationalbackgroundandinsufficientformaltrainingtoprovideasatisfactoryeducationfortheirchildren.Typically,parentshavefewertechnologicalresources(34)_______thandoschools.However,therelativelyinexpensivecomputertechnologythatisreadilyavailabletodayiscausingsometochallengethenotionthathomeschoolingisinanyway(35)_______morehighlystructuredclassroomeducation.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Someperformanceevaluationsrequiresupervisorstotakeaction.Employeeswhoreceiveaveryfavorableevaluationmaydeservesometypeofrecognitionorevenapromotion.Ifsupervisorsdonotacknowledgesuchoutstandingperformance,employeesmayeitherlosetheir36andreducetheireffortorsearchforanewjobatafirmthatwill37themforhighperformance.Supervisorsshouldacknowledgehighperformancesothattheemployeewillcontinuetoperformwellinthefuture.Employeeswhoreceiveunfavorableevaluationsmustalsobegivenattention.Supervisorsmust38thereasonsforpoorperformance.Somereasons,suchasafamilyillness,mayhaveatemporaryadverse39onperformanceandcanbecorrected.Otherreasons,suchasabadattitude,maynotbetemporary.Whensupervisorsgiveemployeesanunfavorableevaluation,theymustdecidewhethertotakeany40actions.Iftheemployeeswereunawareoftheirowndeficiencies,theunfavorableevaluationcanpinpoint(指出)thedeficienciesthatemployeesmustcorrect.Inthiscase,thesupervisormaysimplyneedtomonitortheemployees41andensurethatthedeficienciesarecorrected.Iftheemployeeswerealreadyawareoftheirdeficienciesbeforetheevaluationperiod,however,theymaybeunableorunwillingtocorrectthem.Thissituationismoreserious,andthesupervisormayneedtotakeaction.Theactionshouldbe42withthefirm’sguidelinesandmayincludereassigningtheemployeestonewjobs,43themtemporarily,orfiringthem.Asupervisor’sactiontowardapoorlyperformingworkercan44theattitudesofotheremployees.Ifno45isimposedonanemployeeforpoorperformance,otheremployeesmayreactbyreducingtheirproductivityaswell.注意：此部分题请在答题卡2上作答。更多精品文档学习-----好资料A)additionalB)affectC)aptlyD)assimilateH)circulationF)closelyG)consistentH)enthusiasmI)identifyJ)impactK)penaltyL)rewardM)simplifyingN)suspendingO)vulnerableSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheCollegeEssay:WhyThose500WordsDriveUsCrazyA)Megisalawyer-mominsuburbanWashington,D.C.,wherelawyer-momsarethickontheground.HersonDougisoneofseveralhundredthousandhigh-schoolseniorswhohadapainfulfall.ThedeadlineforapplyingtohisfavoritecollegewasNov.1,andbyearlyOctoberhehadyettofillouttheapplication.Moretothepoint,hehadyettosettleonasubjectforthepersonalessayaccompanyingtheapplication.Accordingtocollegefolklore,awell-turnedessayhasthepowertoseduce(诱惑)anadmissionscommittee.“Hewantedtodoonethingatatime,”Megsays,explainingherson’sdelay.“Butreally,mysonisahugeprocrastinator(拖延者).Theessayisthehardestthingtodo,sohe’sputitoffthelongest.”FriendsandotherveteransoftheprocesshavewarnedMegthatthebackandforthbetweeneditingparentandwritingstudentcanbetraumatic(痛苦的).B)Backinthegoodolddays—say,twoyearsago,whenthelastofmychildrensufferedtheordeal(折磨)—ahigh-schoolstudentapplyingtocollegecouldprocrastinateallthewaytoNewYear’sDayoftheirsenioryear,assumingtheycouldwithstandtheparentalpestering(烦扰).Butthingschangefastinthenail-bitingworldofcollegeadmissions.TherecenttrendtowardearlydecisionandearlyactionamongselectivecollegesanduniversitieshaspushedthetraditionaldeadlineofJanuaryuptoNov.1orearlyDecemberformanystudents.C)Ifthetimeforheel-dragginghasbeenshortened,thetruesourceoftheanxietyandpanicremainswhatithasalwaysbeen.Andit’snottheapplicationitself.Acollegeapplicationisarelativelystraightforwardquestionnaireaskingforthebasics:name,address,familyhistoryemploymenthistory.Itwouldallbeinnocentenough—20minutesofbusywork—exceptitcomesattachedtoapersonalessay.D)“Therearegoodreasonsitcausessuchanxiety,”saysLisaSohmer,directorofcollegecounselingattheGardenSchoolinJacksonHeights,N.Y.“It’snotjusttheactualwriting.Bynoweverythingelseisalreadyset.Yourcourseloadisset,yourgradesareset,yourtestscoresareset.Buttheessayissomethingyoucanstillcontrol,andit’sopen-ended.Sothetemptationistowriteandrewriteandrewrite.”Orstallandstallandstall.更多精品文档学习-----好资料E)Theapplicationessay,alongwithitsmythicalimportance,isarecentinvention.Inthe1930s,whenonlyonein10Americanshadadegreefromafour-yearcollege,anadmissionscommitteewascontenttoaskforasampleofapplicants’schoolpaperstoassesstheirwritingability.Bythe1950s,mostschoolsrequiredabriefpersonalstatementofwhythestudenthadchosentoapplytooneschooloveranother.F)Todaynearly70percentofgraduatingseniorsgoofftocollege,includingtwo-yearandfour-yearinstitutions.Evenapartfromtheincreasedcompetition,thekidsenteraprocessthathasbeenutterlytransformedfromtheonebabyboomersknew.Nearlyallapplicationmaterialsaresubmittedonline,andtheCommonApplicationprovidesaone-size-fitsformacceptedbymorethan400schools,includingthenation’smostselective.G)Thoseschoolsusuallyrequireessaysoftheirown,butthelongestessay,500wordsmaximum,isgenerallyattachedtotheCommonApplication.Studentschooseoneofsixquestions.Applicantsareaskedtodescribeanethicaldilemmathey’vefacedanditsimpactonthem,ordiscussapublicissueofspecialconcerntothem,ortellofafictionalcharacterorcreativeworkthathasprofoundlyinfluencedthem.Anotherquestioninvitesthemtowriteabouttheimportance(tothem,again)ofdiversity―awordthathasassumedmagicpowerinAmericanhighereducation.Themostpopularoption:writeonatopicofyourchoice.H)“Boysinparticularlookattheotherquestionsandsay,‘Oh,that’stoomuchwork,’”saysJohnBoshoven,acounselorintheAnnArbor,Mich.,publicschools.“Theythinkiftheydoatopicoftheirchoice,“I’lljustgogetthathistorypaperIdidlastyearontheRomanEmpireandturnitintoafirst-personapplicationessay!’Andtheyendupproducingsomethingutterlyridiculous.”I)TalkingtoadmissionsprofessionalslikeBoshoven,yourealizethatthelistof“don’ts”inessaywritingismuchlongerthanthe“dos.”“Nobookreports,nohistorypapers,nocharacterstudies,”saysSohmer.J)“Itdrivesyoucrazy,howeasilykidsslipintoclichés(老生常谈),”saysBoshoven.“Theydon’trealizehowtypicaltheirexperiencesarc.‘Iscoredthewinninggoalinsocceragainstourarch-rival.’‘MygrandfatherservedinWorldWarII,andIhopetobejustlikehimsomeday.’Thatmaymeanalottothatparticularkid.Butintheworldoftheapplicationessay,it’snothing.You’lllosethereaderinthefirstparagraph.”K)“Thegreateststrengthyoubringtothisessay,”saystheCollegeBoard’show-tobook,“is17yearsorsooffamiliaritywiththetopic:YOU.Theformandstyleareveryfamiliar,andbestofall,youaretheworld-classexpertonthesubjectofYOU...Ithasbeenthesubjectofyourclosescrutinyeverymorningsinceyouweretallenoughtoseeintothebathroommirror.”ThekeywordintheCommonApplicationpromptsis“you.”L)ThecollegeadmissionessaycontainsthegrandestAmericanthemes―statusanxiety,parentalpiety(孝顺),intellectualstandards—andsoitisonlyamatteroftimebeforeitbecomesinfectedbythecountry’scultureofexcessiveconcernwithself-esteem.Evenifthequestionisostensibly(表面上)aboutsomethingoutsidetheself(describeafictionalcharacterorsolveaproblemofgeopolitics),theessayinvariablyreturnstothefavoritetopic:whatisitsimpactonYOU?M)“Foralltheanxietytheessaycauses,”saysBillMcClintickofMercersburgAcademyinPennsylvania,“it’saverysmallpieceofthepuzzle.Iwasincollegeadmissionsfor10years.I更多精品文档学习-----好资料sawkidsandparentsbeatthemselvesupoverthis.Andatthevastmajorityofplaces,itissimplynotabigvariableinthecollege’sdecision-makingprocess.”N)Manyadmissionsofficerssaytheyspendlessthanacoupleofminutesoneachapplication,includingtheessay.Accordingtoarecentsurveyofadmissionsofficers,onlyoneinfourprivatecollegessaytheessayisof“considerableimportance”injudginganapplication.Amongpubliccollegesanduniversities,thenumberdropstoroughlyonein10.Bycontrast,86percentplace“considerableimportance”onanapplicant’sgrades,70percenton“strengthofcurriculum.”O)Still,atthemostselectiveschools,wherethousandsofcandidatesmaysubmitidenticallyhighgradesandtestscores,amarginalitemliketheessaymayserveasatie-breakerbetweentwoequallyqualifiedcandidates.ThethoughtiscertainlyenoughtokeepthepotboilingunderparentslikeMeg,thelawyer-mom,asshetriestohelphersonchooseanessaytopic.Foramomenttheotherday,shethoughtshemighthavehitonagoodone.“Hisfather’sfromFrance,”shesays.“Isaidmaybeyoucouldwriteaboutthat,assomethingthatmakesyoudifferent.Youknow:halfFrench,halfAmerican.Isaid,‘Youcouldwriteaboutyouridentityissues.’Hesaid,‘Idon’thaveanyidentityissues!’Andhe’sright.He’sawell-adjusted,normalkid.Butthatdoesn’tmakeforagoodessay,doesit?”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。46.Todaymanyuniversitiesrequiretheirapplicantstowriteanessayofuptofivehundredwords.47.Onerecentchangeincollegeadmissionsisthatselectivecollegesanduniversitieshavemovedthetraditionaldeadlinetoearlierdates.48.Applicantsandtheirparentsaresaidtobelievethatthepersonalessaycanswaytheadmissionscommittee.49.Applicantsareusuallybetteroffiftheycanwriteanessaythatdistinguishesthemfromtherest.50.Notonlyisthecompetitiongettingmoreintense,theapplicationprocesstodayisalsototallydifferentfromwhatbabyboomersknew.51.Inwritingabouttheirownexperiencesmanyapplicantsslipintoclichés,thusfailingtoengagethereader.52.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,mostpubliccollegesanduniversitiesconsideranapplicant’sgradeshighlyimportant.53.Althoughtheapplicationessaycauseslotsofanxiety,itdoesnotplaysoimportantaroleinthecollege’sdecision-makingprocess.54.Thequestionyouaresupposedtowriteaboutmayseemoutsidetheself,butthethemeoftheessayshouldcenterarounditsimpactonyou.55.Intheolddays,applicantsonlyhadtosubmitasampleoftheirschoolpaperstoshowtheirwritingability.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.更多精品文档学习-----好资料PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Amongthegovernment’smostinterestingreportsisonethatestimateswhatparentsspendontheirchildren.Notsurprisingly,thecostsaresteep.Foramiddle-class,husband-and-wifefamily(averagepretaxincomein2009:$76,250),spendingperchildisabout$12,000ayear.Withinflationthefamily’sspendingonachildwilltotal$286,050byage17.Thedrystatisticsoughttoinformtheongoingdeficitdebate,becauseabudgetisnotjustacatalogofprogramsandtaxes.Itreflectsasociety’sprioritiesandvalues.Oursocietydoesnot—despiterhetoric(说辞)tothecontrary—putmuchvalueonraisingchildren.Presentbudgetpoliciestaxparentsheavilytosupporttheelderly.Meanwhile,taxbreaksforchildrenaremodest.Ifdeficitreductionaggravatesthesebiases,moreAmericansmaychoosenottohavechildrenortohavefewerchildren.Downthatpathlieseconomicdecline.Societiesthatcannotreplacetheirpopulationsdiscourageinvestmentandinnovation.Theyhavestagnant(萧条的)orshrinkingmarketsforgoodsandservices.Witholderpopulations,theyresistchange.Tostabilizeitspopulation—discountingimmigration—womenmusthaveanaverageoftwochildren.That’safertilityrateof2.0.Manycountrieswithstrugglingeconomiesarewellbelowthat.Thoughhavingachildisadeeplypersonaldecision,it’sshapedbyculture,religion,economics,andgovernmentpolicy.“Noonehasagoodanswer”astowhyfertilityvariesamongcountries,sayssociologistAndrewCherlinofTheJohnsHopkinsUniversity.ErodingreligiousbeliefinEuropemaypartlyexplainloweredbirthrates.InJapanyoungwomenmayberebellingagainsttheirmothers’isolatedlivesofchildrearing.Generaloptimismandpessimismcount.HopefulnessfueledAmerica’sbabyboom.AftertheSovietUnion’scollapse,saysCherlin,“anxietyforthefuture”depressedbirthratesinRussiaandEasternEurope.Inpoorsocieties,peoplehavechildrentoimprovetheireconomicwell-beingbyincreasingthenumberoffamilyworkersandprovidingsupportsforparentsintheiroldage.Inwealthysocieties,thelogicoftenreverses.Governmentnowsupportstheelderly,diminishingtheneedforchildren.Bysomestudies,thesafetynetsforretireeshavereducedfertilityratesby0.5childrenintheUnitedStatesandalmost1.0inWesternEurope,reportseconomistRobertSteininthejournalNationalAffairs.Similarly,somecouplesdon’thavechildrenbecausetheydon’twanttosacrificetheirownlifestylestothelimeandexpenseofafamily.YoungAmericansalreadyfaceableaklabormarketthatcannotinstill(注入)confidenceabouthavingchildren.Pilingonhighertaxeswon’thelp,“Ifhighertaxesmakeitmoreexpensivetoraisechildren,”saysNicholasEberstadtoftheAmericanEnterpriseInstitute,“peoplewillthinktwiceabouthavinganotherchild.”Thatseemslikecommonsense,despitethemultipleinfluencesonbecomingparents.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。56.Whatdowelearnfromthegovernmentreport?A)Inflationincreasesfamilies’expenses.B)Raisingchildrenisgettingexpensive.C)Budgetreductioninaroundthecorner.D)Averagefamilyexpenditureisincreasing.57.Whatissaidtobetheconsequenceofashrinkingpopulation?A)Weakenednationalstrength.C)Economicdownturn.更多精品文档学习-----好资料B)Increasedimmigration.D)Socialinstability.58.WhataccountedforAmerica’sbabyboom?A)Optimismforthefuture.C)Religiousbeliefs.B)Improvedlivingconditions.D)Economicprosperity.59.Whydopeopleinwealthycountriesprefertohavefewerchildren?A)Theywanttofurtherimprovetheireconomicwell-being.B)Theycannotaffordthetimeandexpensesofrearingchildren.C)Theyareconcernedaboutthefutureofthecominggeneration.D)Theydon’trelyontheirchildrentosupporttheminoldage.60.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A)Toinstillconfidenceintheyoungaboutraisingchildren.B)Toadvisecouplestothinktwicebeforehavingchildren.C)Toencouragetheyoungtotakecareoftheelderly.D)Toappealfortaxreductionforraisingchildren.PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Spaceexplorationhasalwaysbeentheprovinceofdreamers:Thehumanimaginationreadilysoarswherehumaningenuity(创造力)strugglestofollow.AVoyagetotheMoon,oftencitedasthefirstsciencefictionstory,waswrittenbyCyranodeBergeracin1649.Cyranowasdeadandburiedforagoodthreecenturiesbeforethefirstmannedrocketsstartedtofly.In1961,whenPresidentKennedydeclaredthatAmericawouldsendamantothemoonbythedecade’send,thosewords,too,hadadreamlikequality.Theyresonated(共鸣)withoptimismandambitioninmuchthesamewayasthemostfamousdreamspeechofall,deliveredbyMartinLutherKingJr.twoyearslater.Bytheendofthedecade,bothvisionshadyieldedconcreteresultsandtransformedAmericansociety.Andyetinmanywaysthetwodreamsendedupatoddswitheachother.Thefightforracialandeconomicequalityisintenselypragmatic(讲求实用的)andimmediateinitsimpact.Theurgetoexplorespaceisjusttheopposite.Itisfigurativelyandliterallyotherworldlyinitsaims.Whenthedustsettled,thespacedreamerslostout.Therewasnograndfollow-uptotheApollomissions.Thetechnologicallycompromisedspaceshuttleprogramhasjustcometoanend,withnosuccessor.Theperpetualargumentisthatfundsaretight,thatwehavemorepressingproblemshereonEarth.Amidthecurrentconcernsaboutthefederaldeficit,reachingtowardthestarsseemsadispensableluxury—asifsavingone-thousandthofasingleyear’sbudgetwouldsolveourproblems.Buthumaningenuitystruggleson.NASAisdevelopingaseriesofroboticprobesthatwillgetthemostbangfromabuck.TheywillserveasmodemMagellans,mappingoutthesolarsystemforwhateverexplorersfollow,whethermanormachine.Ontheflipside,companieslikeVirginGalacticareplottingabottom-upassaultonthespacedreambymakingitarealitytothepublic.Privatespaceflightcouldliewithinreachofrichciviliansinafewyears.Anotherdecadeortwoanditcouldgomainstream.Thespacedreamersendupbenefitingallofus—notjustbecauseofthewaytheyexpandhumanknowledge,orbecauseofthespin-offtechnologiestheyproduce,butbecausethetwotypesofdreamsfeedoffeachother.BothMartinLutherKingandJohnKennedyappealedtothe更多精品文档学习-----好资料ideathathumanscantranscendwhatwereonceconsideredinherentlimitations.Todaywefaceseemingchallengesinenergy,theenvironment,healthcare.Tomorrowwewilltranscendtheseaswell,andthedreamerswilldeservealotofthecredit.Themoreevidencewecollectthatourspeciesiscapableofgreatness,themorewewillactuallyachieveit.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。61.TheauthormentionsCyranodeBergeracinordertoshowthat_________.A)imaginationisthemotherofinventionB)ingenuityisessentialforsciencefictionwritersC)ittakespatienceforhumanstorealizetheirdreamsD)dreamershavealwaysbeeninterestedinsciencefiction62.HowdidthegeneralpublicviewKennedy’sspaceexplorationplan?A)ItsymbolizedtheAmericanspirit.B)Itwasasurgentasracialequality.C)Itsoundedverymuchlikeadream.D)Itmadeanancientdreamcometrue.63.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutAmerica’saimtoexplorespace?A)Itmaynotbringaboutimmediateeconomicgains.B)Itcannotberealizedwithouttechnologicalinnovation.C)Itwillnothelptherealizationofracialandeconomicequality.D)Itcannotbeachievedwithoutagoodknowledgeoftheotherworlds.64.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardspaceprograms?A)Critical.C)Unbiased.B)Reserved.D)Supportive.65.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheproblemsfacinghumanbeings?A)Theyposeaseriouschallengetofuturehumanexistence.B)Theycanbesolvedsoonerorlaterwithhumaningenuity.C)Theirsolutionsneedjointeffortsofthepublicandprivatesectors.D)Theycanonlybesolvedbypeoplewithoptimismandambition.PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.中国园林（theChinesegarden）是经过三千多年演变而成的独具一格的园林景观（landscape）。它既包括为皇室成员享乐而建造的大型花园，也包括学者、商人和卸任的政府官员为摆脱嘈杂的外部世界而建造的私家花园。这些花园构成了一种意在表达人与自然之间应有的和稭关系的微缩景观。典型的中国园林四周有围墙，园内有池塘、假山（rockwork）、树木、花草以及各种各样由蜿蜒的小路和走廊连接的建筑。漫步在花园中，人们可以看到一系列精心设计的景观犹如山水画卷（scroll）一般展现在面前。注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。更多精品文档学习-----好资料答案1~5CDADB6~10ABCAC11~15BDCBA16~20DDCBA21~25CADBB26.Legislation27.instruction28.efficient29.dropout30.motivation31.discipline32.contend33.infavorof34.attheirdisposal35.inferiorto36~40HLIJA41~45FGNBK46~50GBAOF51~55JNMLE56~60BCADD61~65ACADB2013年12月大学英语六级考试真题（第2套）PartIWriting(30minutes)（请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试）Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayabouttheimpactoftheinformationexplosionbyreferringtothesaying“Awealthofinformationcreatesapovertyofattention.”Youcangiveexamplestoillustrateyourpointandthenexplainwhatyoucandotoavoidbeingdistractedbyirrelevantinformation.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.1.A)Laborproblems.B)Weatherconditions.C)Anerrorintheorder.D)Misplacingofgoods.2.A)Whatthewomansaysmakesalotofsense.B)Therichareopposedtosocialwelfare.C)Heissympatheticwithpoorpeople.D)HeagreeswithMr.Johnson’sviews.3.A)Hewillbepracticingsoccer.B)Hehasworktofinishintime.C)Hewillbeattendingameeting.D)Hehasatoughproblemtosolve.4.A)Maryshouldgetridofherpetassoonaspossible.B)Marywillnotbeabletokeepadoginthebuilding.C)Maryisnothappywiththebanonpetanimals.D)Marymightaswellsendherdogtoherrelative.5.A)Thetwins’voicesarequitedifferent.更多精品文档学习-----好资料B)LisaandGalearenotverymuchalike.C)Hedoesnotbelievetheyaretwinsisters.D)Thewomanseemsabithardofhearing.6.A)TheseriouseconomiccrisisinBritain.B)ApackagedealtobesignedinNovember.C)Amessagefromtheirbusinessassociates.D)Theirabilitytodealwithfinancialproblems.7.A)Itisimpossibletoremovethestaincompletely.B)Themanwillbechargedextrafortheservice.C)Themanhastogotothemaincleaningfacility.D)Cleaningthepantswilltakelongerthanusual.8.A)Europeanmarkets.B)Aprotestrally.C)Luxurygoods.D)Importedproducts.Questions9to12arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.9.A)Hemadeabusinesstrip.B)HehadaquarrelwithMarsha.C)Hetalkedtoheronthephone.D)Heresolvedabudgetproblem.10.A)Shemayhavetobefiredforpoorperformance.B)Shehasdevelopedsomeseriousmentalproblem.C)Sheisinchargeofthefirm’sbudgetplanning.D)Shesupervisesanumberofimportantprojects.11.A)Shefailedtoarriveattheairportontime.B)Davidpromisedtogoonthetripinherplace.C)Somethingunexpectedhappenedatherhome.D)Shewasnotfeelingherselfonthatday.12.A)Hefrequentlygetsthingsmixedup.B)HeisalwaysfindingfaultwithMarsha.C)HehasbeentryinghardtocoverforMarsha.D)Heoftenfailstofollowthroughonhisprojects.Questions13to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.13.A)Theyarebettershelteredfromalltheoutsidetemptations.B)Theyareusuallymoremotivatedtocompetewiththeirpeers.C)Theyhavemoreopportunitiestodeveloptheirleadershipskills.D)Theymakeanactivepartinmoreextracurricularactivities.14.A)Itschiefpositionsareheldbywomen.B)Itsteachingstaffconsistsofwomenonly.C)Itsstudentsaimatmanagerialposts.D)Itsstudentsarerolemodelsofwomen.15.A)Itisunderadequatecontrol.更多精品文档学习-----好资料B)Itistraditionalbutcolourful.C)Theyaremoreorlessisolatedfromtheoutsideworld.D)Theyhaveampleopportunitiestomeettheoppositesex.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions16to19arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Byinvadingthepersonalspaceoflisteners.B)Bymakinggesturesatstrategicpoints.C)Byspeakinginadeep,loudvoice.D)Byspeakingwiththelocalaccent.17.A)Topromotesportsmanshipamongbusinessowners.B)Toencouragepeopletosupportlocalsportsgroups.C)Toraisemoneyforaforthcominglocalsportsevent.D)Toshowhisfamily’scontributiontothecommunity.18.A)Theyareknowntobethestyleofthesportsworld.B)Theywouldcertainlyappealtohisaudience.C)Theyrepresentthelatestfashioninthebusinesscircles.D)Theyarebelievedtocommunicatepowerandinfluence.19.A)Tocoveruphisownnervousness.B)Tocreateawarmpersonalatmosphere.C)Toenhancetheeffectofbackgroundmusic.D)Toallowtheaudiencetobetterenjoyhisslides.PassageTwoQuestions20to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.20.A)ShewasthefirsteducatedslaveofJohnWhitley’s.B)ShewasthegreatestfemalepoetinColonialAmerica.C)ShewasbornaboutthetimeoftheWarofIndependence.D)ShewasthefirstAfrican-Americanslavetopublishabook.21.A)Reviseinanumberoftimes.B)Obtainconsentfromherowner.C)Gothroughascholarlyexamination.D)Turntothecolonialgovernorforhelp.22.A)Literaryworkscallingfortheabolitionofslavery.B)ReligiousscriptspopularamongslavesinAmerica.C)Arichstockofmanuscriptsleftbyhistoricalfigures.D)LotsoflostworkswrittenbyAfrican-Americanwomen.PassageThree更多精品文档学习-----好资料Questions23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.23.A)Itisatraitofgenerouscharacter.B)Itisareflectionofself-esteem.C)Itisanindicatorofhighintelligence.D)Itisasignofhappinessandconfidence.24.A)Itwasself-defeating.B)Itwasaggressive.C)Itwastheessenceofcomedy.D)Itwassomethingadmirable.25.A)Itisadouble-edgedsword.B)Itisafeatureofagivenculture.C)Itisauniquegiftofhumanbeings.D)Itisaresultofbothnatureandnurture.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Itisimportantthatwebemindfuloftheearth,theplanetoutofwhichwearebornandbywhichwearenourished,guided,healed—theplanet,however,whichwehave(26)_______toaconsiderabledegreeinthesepasttwocenturiesof(27)_______exploitation.Thisexploitationhasreachedsuch(28)_______thatpresentlyitappearsthatsomehundredsofthousandsofspecieswillbe(29)_______beforetheendofthecentury.Inourtimes,humanshrewdnesshasmasteredthedeep(30)_______oftheearthatalevelfarbeyondthecapacitiesofearlierpeoples.Wecanbreakthemountainsapart;wecandraintheriversandfloodthevalleys.Wecanturnthemostluxuriantforestsintothrowawaypaperproducts.Wecan(31)_______thegreatgrasscoverofthewesternplainsandpour(32)_______chemicalsintothesoiluntilthesoilisdeadandblowsawayinthewind.Wecanpollutetheairwithacids,theriverswithsewage(污水),theseaswithoil.Wecaninventcomputers(33)_______processingtenmillioncalculationspersecond.Andwhy?Toincreasethevolumeandthespeedwithwhichwemovenaturalresourcesthroughtheconsumereconomytothejunkpileorthewasteheap.Ourmanagerialskillsaremeasuredbythecompetence(34)_______inacceleratingthisprocess.Ifintheseactivitiesthephysicalfeaturesoftheplanetaredamaged,iftheenvironmentismadeinhospitablefor(35)_______livingspecies,thensobeit.Weare,supposedly,creatingatechnologicalwonderworld.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.更多精品文档学习-----好资料Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Quiteoften,educatorstellfamiliesofchildrenwhoarelearningEnglishasasecondlanguagetospeakonlyEnglish,andnottheirnativelanguage,athome.Althoughtheseeducatorsmayhavegood36,theiradvicetofamiliesismisguided,andit37frommisunderstandingsabouttheprocessoflanguageacquisition.Educatorsmayfearthatchildrenhearingtwolanguageswillbecome38confusedandthustheirlanguagedevelopmentwillbe39;thisconcernisnotdocumentedintheliterature.Childrenarecapableoflearningmorethanonelanguage,whether40orsequentially(依次地).Infact,mostchildrenoutsideoftheUnitedStatesareexpectedtobecomebilingualoreven,inmanycases,multilingual.Globally,knowingmorethanonelanguageisviewedasan41andevenanecessityinmanyareas.ItisalsoofconcernthatthemisguidedadvicethatstudentsshouldspeakonlyEnglishisgivenprimarilytopoorfamilieswithlimitededucationalopportunities,nottowealthierfamilieswhohavemanyeducationaladvantages.Sincechildrenfrompoorfamiliesoftenare42asat-riskforacademicfailure,teachersbelievethatadvisingfamiliestospeakEnglishonlyisappropriate.Teachersconsiderlearningtwolanguagestobetoo43forchildrenfrompoorfamilies,believingthatthechildrenarealreadyburdenedbytheirhomesituations.IffamiliesdonotknowEnglishorhavelimitedEnglishskillsthemselves,howcantheycommunicateinEnglish?Advisingnon-English-speakingfamiliestospeakonlyEnglishis44totellingthemnottocommunicatewithorinteractwiththeirchildren.Moreover,the45messageisthatthefamily\'snativelanguageisnotimportantorvalued.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A)assetB)delayedC)deviatesD)equivalentE)identifiedF)intentionsG)objectH)overwhelmingI)permanentlyJ)prevalentK)simultaneouslyL)stemsM)successivelyN)underlyingO)visualizingSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2TheUsesofDifficultyThebrainlikesachallenge—andputtingafewobstaclesinitswaymaywellboostitscreativity.更多精品文档学习-----好资料A)JackWhite,theformerfrontmanoftheWhiteStripesandaninfluentialfigureamongfellowmusicians,likestomakethingsdifficultforhimself.Heusescheapguitarsthatwon’tstayinshapeorintune.Whenperforming,hepositionshisinstrumentsinawaythatisdeliberatelyinconvenient,sothatswitchingfromguitartoorganmid-songinvolvesamaddashacrossthestage.Why?Becausehe’sontherunfromwhathedescribesasadiseasethatpreysoneveryartist:“easeofuse”.Whenmakingmusicgetstooeasy,saysWhite,itbecomeshardertomakeitsing.B)It’sanoddthought.Whywouldanyonemaketheirworkmoredifficultthanitalreadyis?Yetweknowthatdifficultycanpayunexpecteddividends.In1966,soonaftertheBeatleshadfinishedworkon“RubberSoul”,PaulMcCartneylookedintothepossibilityofgoingtoAmericatorecordtheirnextalbum.TheequipmentinAmericanstudioswasmoreadvancedthananythinginBritain,whichhadledtheBeatles’greatrivals,theRollingStones,tomaketheirlatestalbum,“Aftermath”,inLosAngeles.McCartneyfoundthatEMI’s(百代唱片)contractualclausesmadeitprohibitivelyexpensivetofollowsuit,andtheBeatleshadtomakedowiththeprimitivetechnologyofAbbeyRoad.C)Luckyforus.Overthenexttwoyearstheymadetheirmostgroundbreakingwork,turningtherecordingstudiointoamagicalinstrumentofitsown.Preciselybecausetheywereworkingwithold-fashionedmachines,GeorgeMartinandhisteamofengineerswereforcedtoapplyeveryounceoftheircreativitytosolvetheproblemsposedtothembyLennonandMcCartney.Songslike“TomorrowNeverKnows”,“StrawberryFieldsForever”,and“ADayintheLife”featuredrevolutionarysoundeffectsthatdazzledandmystifiedMartin’sAmericancounterparts.D)Sometimesit’sonlywhenadifficultyisremovedthatwerealisewhatitwasdoingforus.Formorethantwodecades,startinginthe1960s,thepoetTedHughessatonthejudgingpanelofanannualpoetrycompetitionforBritishschoolchildren.Duringthe1980shenoticedanincreasingnumberoflongpoemsamongthesubmissions,withsomerunningto70or80pages.Thesepoemswereverballyinventiveandfluent,butalso“strangelyboring”.AftermakinginquiriesHughesdiscoveredthattheywerebeingcomposedoncomputers,thenjustfindingtheirwayintoBritishhomes.E)Youmighthavethoughtanytoolwhichenablesawritertogetwordsontothepagewouldbeanadvantage.Buttheremaybeacosttosuchfacility.InaninterviewwiththeParisReviewHughesspeculatedthatwhenapersonputspentopaper,“youmeettheterribleresistanceofwhathappenedyourfirstyearatit,whenyoucouldn’twriteatall”.Asthebrainattemptstoforcetheunsteadyhandtodoitsbidding,thetensionbetweenthetworesultsinamorecompressed,psychologicallydenserexpression.Removethatresistanceandyouaremorelikelytoproducea70-pageramble(不着边际的长篇大论).F)Ourbrainsrespondbettertodifficultythanweimagine.Inschools,teachersandpupilsalikeoftenassumethatifaconcepthasbeeneasytolearn,thenthelessonhasbeensuccessful.Butnumerousstudieshavenowfoundthatwhenclassroommaterialismadehardertoabsorb,pupilsretainmoreofitoverthelongterm,andunderstanditonadeeperlevel.G)Asapoet,TedHugheshadanacutesensitivitytothewayinwhichconstraintsonself-expression,likethedisciplinesofmetreandrhyme(韵律),spurcreativethought.Whatappliestopoetsandmusiciansalsoappliestoourdailylives.Wetendtoequate（等同于）happinesswithfreedom,but,asthepsychotherapistandwriterAdamPhillipshasobserved,withoutobstaclestoourdesiresit’shardertoknowwhatwewant,orwherewe’reheading.Hetellsthestoryofa更多精品文档学习-----好资料patient,afirst-timemotherwhocomplainedthatheryoungsonwasalwaysclingingtoher,wrappinghimselfaroundherlegswherevershewent.Sheneverhadamomenttoherself,shesaid,becausehersonwas“alwaysintheway”.WhenPhillipsaskedherwhereshewouldgoifhewasn’tintheway,sherepliedcheerfully,“Oh,Iwouldn’tknowwhereIwas!”H)Takeanothercommonobstacle:lackofmoney.Peopleoftenassumethatmoremoneywillmakethemhappier.Buteconomistswhostudytherelationshipbetweenmoneyandhappinesshaveconsistentlyfoundthat,aboveacertainincome,thetwodonotreliablycorrelate.Despitetheeasewithwhichtherichcanacquirealmostanythingtheydesire,theyarejustaslikelytobeunhappyasthemiddleclasses.Inthisregardatleast,F.ScottFitzgeraldwaswrong.I)Indeed,easeofacquisitionistheproblem.ThenovelistEdwardStAubynhasanarratorremarkoftheveryrichthat,“nothavingtoconsideraffordability,theirdesiresrambledonlikeunstoppablebores,relentless(持续不断的)andwhimsical（反复无常的）atthesametime.”WhenBostonCollege,aprivateresearchuniversity,wantedabetterfeelforitspotentialdonors,itaskedthepsychologistRobertKennytoinvestigatethemindsetofthesuper-rich.Hesurveyed165households,mostofwhichhadanetworthof$25mormore.Hefoundthatmanyofhissubjectswereconfusedbytheinfiniteoptionstheirmoneypresentedthemwith.Theyfoundithardtoknowwhattowant,creatingakindofexistentialbafflement.Oneofthemputitlikethis:“Youknow,Bob,youcanjustbuysomuchstuff,andwhenyougettothepointwhereyoucanjustbuysomuchstuff,nowwhatareyougoingtodo?”J)Theinternetmakesinformationbillionairesoutofallofus,andthearchitectsofouronlineexperiencesarecatchingontotheneedtomakethingscreativelydifficult.Twitter’shugesuccessisrootedinthesimplebutprofoundinsightthatinamediumwithinfinitespaceforself-expression,themostinterestingthingwecandoisrestrictourselvesto140characters.ThemusicserviceThisIsMyJamhelpspeoplenavigatethetensofmillionsoftracksnowavailableinstantlyviaSpotifyandiTunes.Userspicktheirfavouritesongoftheweektosharewithothers.Theyonlygettochooseone.Theservicewasonlylaunchedthisyear,butbytheendofSeptember650,000jamshadbeenchosen.Itsco-founderMattOgleexplainsitsraisond’être(存在的理由)likethis:“Inanageofendlesschoice,weweremissingawaytosay:‘This.Thisistheoneyoushouldlistento’.”K)Today’sworldoffersmoreopportunitythanevertofollowtheadviceoftheWalkerBrothersandmakeiteasyonourselves.Comparedwithahundredyearsago,ourlivesarelesstightlyboundbysocialnormsandphysicalconstraints.Technologyhascutoutmuchoflife’sdonkeywork,andwehavemorefreedomsthanever:wecanwearwhatwelikeandcommunicatewithhundredsoffriendsatonceattheclickofamouse.Obstaclesareeverywheredisappearing.Fewofuswishtoturntheclockback,butperhapsweneedtoremindourselveshowusefultherightobstaclescanbe.Sometimes,thebestroutetofulfilmentisthepathofmoreresistance.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。46.Therigorousrequirementsplacedonthewritingofpoetrystimulatethepoet’screativity.47.Withcreativity,evenold-fashionedinstrumentsmayproducespectacularsoundeffects.48.Moremoneydoesnotnecessarilybringgreaterhappiness.49.ItISafalseassumptionthatlessonsshouldbemadeeasiertolearn.50.Obstaclesdeliberatelyplacedinthecreationofmusiccontributetoitssuccess.51.Thosewhoenjoytotalfreedommaynotfindthemselveshappy.更多精品文档学习-----好资料52.TedHughesdiscoveredmanylongpoemssubmittedforpoetrycompetitionwerecomposedoncomputers.53.Maybeweneedtobearinbearinmindthattherightobstacleshelpleadustogreaterachievements.54.Aninvestigationfoundthatmanyofthesuper-richwerebaffledbytheinfinitechoicestheirmoneymadeavailable.55.Onefreesocialnetworkingwebsiteturnedouttosuccessfulbecauseitlimitedeachpostingtoonehundredandfortycharacters.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TherewasatimenotlongagowhennewsciencePh.D.sintheUnitedStateswereexpectedtopursueacareerpathinacademia(学术界).Buttoday,mostgraduatesendupworkingoutsideacademia,notonlyinindustrybutalsoincareerssuchassciencepolicy,communications,andpatentlaw.Partlythisisaresultofhowbleaktheacademicjobmarketis,butthere\'salsoarisingawarenessofcareeroptionsthatPh.D.scientistshaven\'ttrainedfordirectly—butforwhichtheyhaveusefulknowledge,skills,andexperience.Still,there\'sahugedisconnectbetweenthewaywecurrentlytrainscientistsandtheactualemploymentopportunitiesavailableforthem,andanurgentneedfordramaticimprovementsintrainingprogramstohelpclosethegap.OnecriticalstepthatcouldhelptodrivechangewouldbetorequirePh.D.studentsandpostdoctoralscientiststofollowanindividualdevelopmentplan(IDP).In2002theU.S.FederationofAmericanSocietiesforExperimentalBiologyrecommendedthateverypostdoctoralresearcherputtogetheranIDPmconsultationwithanadviser.Sincethen,severalacademicinstitutionshavebeguntorequireIDPsforpostdocsAndinJune,theU.S.NationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH)BiomedicalResearchWorkforceWorkingGrouprecommendedthattheNIHrequireIDPsfortheapproximately32,000postdoctoralresearcherstheysupport.Otherfundingagencies,publicandprivate,aremovinginasimilardirection.IDPshavelongbeenusedbygovernmentagenciesandtheprivatesectortoachievespecificgoalsfortheemployeeandtheorganization.Theaimistoensurethatemployeeshaveanexplicittooltohelpthemunderstandtheirownabilitiesandaspirations,determinecareerpossibilities,andset(usuallyshort-term)goals.Inscience,graduatestudentsandnewPh.D.scientistscanuseanIDPtoidentifyandnavigateaneffectivecareerpath.AfreeWebapplicationforthispurpose,calledmyIDF.hasbecomeavailablethisweek.It\'sdesignedtoguideearly-careerscientiststhroughaconfidential,rigorousprocessofintrospection(内省)tocreateacustomizedcareerplan.Guidedbyexpertknowledgefromapanelofscience-focusedcareeradvisers,eachtrainee’sself-assessmentisusedtorankasetofcareertrajectories(轨迹).Aftertheuserhasidentifiedalong-termcareergoal.myIDPwalksherorhim更多精品文档学习-----好资料throughtheprocessofsettingshort-termgoalsdirectedtowardaccumulatingnewskillsandexperiencesim?portantforthatcareerchoice.AlthoughsurveysrevealtheIDPprocesstobeuseful,traineesreportaneedforadditionalresourcestohelpthemidentifyalong-termcareerpathandcompleteanIDP.Thus,myIDPwillbemosteffectivewhenit’sembeddedinlargercareer-developmentefforts.Forexample,universitiescouldincorporateIDPsintotheirgraduatecurriculatohelpstudentsdiscuss,plan,preparefor,andachievetheirlong-termcareergoals.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。56.WhatdowelearnaboutnewsciencePh.D.sintheUnitedStatestoday?A)Theylacktheskillsandexpertiseneededfortheirjobs.B)Theycanchoosefromawiderrangeofwell-payingjobs.C)Theyoftenhavetoseekjobsoutsidetheacademiccircle.D)Theyareregardedasthenation’sdrivingforceofchange.57.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutAmerica’sPh.D.training?A)Itshouldbeimprovedtobettersuitthejobmarket.B)Itiscloselylinkedtofuturecareerrequirements.C)Itshouldbere-orientedtocareersoutsideacademia.D)Itincludesagreatvarietyofpracticalcourses.58.WhatwasrecommendedforPh.D.sandpostdoctoralresearchers?A)Theymeettheurgentneedsofthecorporateworld.B)Along-termcareergoalbesetasearlyaspossible.C)AnIDPbemadeinconsultationwithanadviser.D)Theyacquireanexplicittooltohelpobtainjobs.59.GovernmentagenciesandtheprivatesectoroftenuseIDPsto__________.A)bringintofullplaytheskillsandexpertiseoftheirpostdoctoralresearchersB)helpemployeesmakethebestuseoftheirabilitiestoachievetheircareergoalsC)placeemployeesinthemostappropriatepositionsD)hirethemostsuitablecandidatestoworkforthem60.WhatdoweknowaboutmyIDP?A)Itisaneffectivetoolofself-assessmentandintrospectionforbettercareerplans.B)Itenablespeopletolookintovariouspossibilitiesandchoosethecareertheylove.C)Itpromisesalong-termcareerpath.D)Itispartofthegraduatecurricula.PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Justoveradecadeintothe21stcentury,women’sprogresscanbecelebratedacrossarangeoffields.TheyholdthehighestpoliticalofficesfromThailandtoBrazil,CostaRicatoAustralia.AwomanholdsthetopspotattheInternationalMonetaryFund;anotherwontheNobelPrizeineconomics.Self-madebillionairesinBeijing,techinnovatorsinSiliconValley,pioneeringjusticesinGhana—intheseandcountlessotherareas,womenareleavingtheirmark.Butholdtheapplause.InSaudiArabia,womenaren’tallowedtodrive.InPakistan,1,000womendieinhonorkillingseveryyear.Inthedevelopedworld,womenlagbehindmeninpayandpoliticalpower.ThepovertyrateamongwomenintheU.S.roseto14.5%lastyear.更多精品文档学习-----好资料Tomeasurethestateofwomen’sprogress.Newsweekranked165countries,lookingatfiveareasthataffectwomen’slives;treatmentunderthelaw,workforceparticipation,politicalpower,andaccesstoeducationandhealthcare.AnalyzingdatafromtheUnitedNationsandtheWorldEconomicForum,amongothers,andconsultingwithexpertsandacademics,wemeasured28factorstocomeupwithourrankings.CountrieswiththehighestscorestendtobeclusteredintheWest,wheregenderdiscriminationisagainstthelaw,andequalrightsareconstitutionallyenshrined(神圣化).Butthereweresomesurprises.Someotherwisehigh-rankingcountrieshadrelativelylowscoresforpoliticalrepresentation.Canadarankedthirdoverallbut26thinpower,behindcountriessuchasCubaandBurundi.Doesthissuggestthatawomaninanation’stopofficetranslatestobetterlivesforwomeningeneral?Notexactly.“Tryingtoquantifyormeasuretheimpactofwomeninpoliticsishardbecauseinveryfewcountrieshavetherebeenenoughwomeninpoliticstomakeadifference,”saysAnne-MarieGoetz,peaceandsecurityadviserforU.N.Women.Ofcourse,noindexcanaccountforeverything.Declaringthatonecountryisbetterthananotherinthewaythatittreatsmorethanhalfitscitizensmeansrelyingonbroadstrokesandgeneralities.Somethingssimplycan’tbemeasured.Andcross-culturalcomparisonscantaccountfordifferenceofopinion.Certainconclusionsarenonethelessclear.Foronething,ourindexbacksupasimplebutprofoundstatementmadebyHillaryClintonattherecentAsia-PacificEconomicCooperationsummit.“Whenweliberatetheeconomicpotentialofwomen,weelevatetheeconomicperformanceofcommunities,nations,andtheworld,”shesaid.“There’sastimulativeeffectthatkicksinwhenwomenhavegreateraccesstojobsandtheeconomiclivesofourcountries:Greaterpoliticalstability.Fewermilitaryconflicts.Morefood.Moreeducationalopportunityforchildren.Byharnessingtheeconomicpotentialofallwomen,weboostopportunityforallpeople.”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。61.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutwomen’sprogresssofar?A)Itstillleavesmuchtobedesired.B)Itistooremarkabletobemeasured.C)Ithasgreatlychangedwomen’sfate.D)Itisachievedthroughhardstruggle.62.Inwhatcountrieshavewomenmadethegreatestprogress?A)Wherewomenholdkeypostsingovernment.B)Wherewomen’srightsareprotectedbylaw.C)Wherewomen’sparticipationinmanagementishigh.D)Wherewomenenjoybettereducationandhealthcare.63.WhatdoNewsweekrankingsrevealaboutwomeninCanada?A)Theycarelittleaboutpoliticalparticipation.B)Theyaregenerallytreatedasequalsbymen.C)Theyhaveasurprisinglylowsocialstatus.D)Theyareunderrepresentedinpolitics.64.WhatdoesAnne-MarieGoetzthinkofawomanbeinginanation’stopoffice?A)Itdoesnotnecessarilyraisewomen’spoliticalawareness.B)Itdoesnotguaranteeabetterlifeforthenation’swomen.C)Itenhanceswomen’sstatus.更多精品文档学习-----好资料D)Itboostswomen’sconfidence.65.WhatdoesHillaryClintonsuggestwedotomaketheworldabetterplace?A)Givewomenmorepoliticalpower.B)Stimulatewomen’screativity.C)Allowwomenaccesstoeducation.D)Tapwomen’seconomicpotential.PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.中国人自古以来就在中秋时节庆祝丰收。这与北美地区庆祝感恩节的习俗十分相似。过中秋节的习俗于唐代早期在中国各地开始流行。中秋节在农历八月十五，是人们拜月的节日。这天夜晚皓月光空，人们合家团聚，共赏明月。2006年，中秋节被列为中国的文化遗产，2008年又被定为公共假日。月饼被视为中秋节不可或缺的美食。人们将月饼作为礼物馈赠亲友或在家庭聚会上享用。传统的月饼上带有“寿（longevity）”、“福”或“和”等字样。注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。答案1~5ADCBB6~10CDBCA11~15ACCAD16~20ABDBD21~25CDDBA26.abused27.industrial28.extremes29.extinguished30.mysteries31.tearapart32.toxic33.capableof34.manifested35.amultitudeof36~40FLIBK41~45AEHDN46~50GCHFA51~55GDKIJ56~60CACBA61~65ABDBD2013年12月大学英语六级考试真题（第3套）PartIWriting(30minutes)（请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试）Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingontheremarks“Thegreatestuseoflifeistospenditforsomethingthatwilloutlastit.”Youcangiveexamplestoillustrateyourpointandthenexplainwhatyouwilldotomakeyourlifemoremeaningful.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.请用黑色签字笔在答题卡1指定区域内作答作文题，在试题册上的作答无效！PartⅡListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.更多精品文档学习-----好资料Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.A)Dr.Smith\'swaitingroomisn\'ttidy.C)Dr.Smithhasleftagoodimpressiononher.B)Dr.SmithenjoysreadingmagazinesD)Dr.Smithmaynotbeagoodchoice.2.A)Themanwillrenttheapartmentwhenitisavailable.B)Themanmadeabargainwiththelandladyovertherent.C)Themaninsistsonhavingalookattheapartmentfirst.D)Themanisnotfullysatisfiedwiththeapartment.3.A)Packinguptogoabroad.C)DrawingupaplanforherEnglishcourse.B)BrushinguponherEnglish.D)ApplyingforavisatotheUnitedStates.4.A)Heisanxioustofindacureforhishighbloodpressure.B)Hedoesn\'tthinkhighbloodpressureisaproblemforhim.C)Hewasnotawareofhisillnessuntildiagnosedwithit.D)Hedidnottakethesymptomsofhisillnessseriously.5.A)ToinvestigatethecausesofAIDS.B)ToraisemoneyforAIDSpatients.C)TorallysupportforAIDSvictimsinAfrica.D)TodrawattentiontothespreadofAIDSinAsia.6.A)Ithasaverylonghistory.B)Itisaprivateinstitution.C)ItwasfoundedbyThomasJefferson.D)Itstressesthecomprehensivestudyofnature.7.A)Theycan\'tfitintothemachine.C)Theyweresenttothewrongaddress.B)Theyhavenotbeendeliveredyet.D)Theywerefoundtobeofthewrongtype.8.A)Thefoodservedinthecafeteriausuallylacksvariety.B)Thecafeteriasometimesprovidesrarefoodforthestudents.C)Thestudentsfindtheserviceinthecafeteriasatisfactory.D)Thecafeteriatrieshardtocatertothestudents\'needs.Questions9to12arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.9.A)Hepickedupsomeapplesinhisyard.B)Hecutsomebranchesofftheappletree.C)Hequarreledwithhisneighboroverthefence.D)Hecleanedupallthegarbageinthewoman\'syard.10.A)Trimtheappletreesinheryard.C)Takethegarbagetothecurbforher.B)Pickuptheapplesthatfellinheryard.D)Removethebranchesfromheryard.11.A)Filealawsuitagainsttheman.C)Havetheman\'sappletreecutdown.B)Askthemanforcompensation.D)Throwgarbageintotheman\'syard.12.A)Hewasreadytomakeaconcession.C)Hewasnotintimidated.B)Hewasnotpreparedtogotocourt.D)Hewasabitconcerned.Questions13to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.13.A)Badweather.C)Breakdownoftheengines.更多精品文档学习-----好资料B)Humanerror.D)Failureofthecommunicationssystem.14.A)Twothousandfeet.C)Twentythousandfeet.B)Twelvethousandfeet.D)Twenty-twothousandfeet.15.A)Accuratecommunicationisofutmostimportance.B)Pilotsshouldbeabletospeakseveralforeignlanguages.C)Aircontrollersshouldkeepaclosewatchontheweather.D)Cooperationbetweenpilotsandaircontrollersisessential.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。PassageOneQuestions16to19arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Hisfathercaughtaseriousdisease.C)Hismotherlefthimtomarryarichbusinessman.B)Hismotherpassedaway.D)Hisfathertooktodrinking.17.A)Hedislikedbeingdisciplined.C)Hecouldn\'tpayhisgamblingdebts.B)Hewasexpelledbytheuniversity.D)Heenjoyedworkingforamagazine.18.A)HispoemsareheavilyinfluencedbyFrenchwriters.B)HisstoriesaremainlysetintheStateofVirginia.C)Hisworkisdifficulttoread.D)Hislanguageisnotrefined.19.A)Hegrievedtodeathoverthelossofhiswife.C)Hewasshotdeadattheageof40.B)Hecommittedsuicideforunknownreasons.D)Hediedofheavydrinking.PassageTwoQuestions20to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.20.A)Women.C)Manualworkers.B)Prisoners.D)Schoolagechildren.21.A)Hetaughthisstudentshowtopronouncethelettersfirst.B)Hematchedtheletterswiththesoundsfamiliartothelearners.C)Heshowedthelearnershowtocombinethelettersintosimplewords.D)Hedividedthelettersintogroupsaccordingtothewaytheyarewritten.22.A)Itcanhelppeopletobecomeliteratewithinashorttime.B)ItwasoriginallydesignedforteachingtheEnglishlanguage.C)Itenablesthelearnerstomasteralanguagewithinthreemonths.D)ItiseffectiveinteachinganyalphabeticallanguagetoBrazilians.PassageThreeQuestions23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.23.A)Thecrop\'sbloomingperiodisdelayed.C)Thetopsoilisseriouslydamaged.B)Therootsofcropsarecutoff.D)Thegrowthofweedsisaccelerated.24.A)It\'sanewwayofapplyingchemicalfertilizer.C)It\'sacreativetechniqueforsavinglabor.B)It\'sanimprovedmethodofharvestingcrops.D)It\'safarmingprocesslimitingtheuseof更多精品文档学习-----好资料ploughs.25.A)Inareaswithfewweedsandunwantedplants.B)Inareaswithasevereshortageofwater.C)Inareaslackinginchemicalfertilizer.D)Inareasdependentonimportedfood.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。Adultsaregettingsmarterabouthowsmartbabiesare.Notlongago,researcherslearnedthat4-day-oldcouldunderstand(26)_____andsubtraction.Now,BritishresearchpsychologistGrahamSchaferhasdiscoveredthatinfantscanlearnwordsforuncommonthingslongbeforetheycanspeak.Hefoundthat9-month-oldinfantscouldbetaught,throughrepeatedshow-and-tell,to(27)_____thenamesofobjectsthatwereforeigntothem,aresultthat(28)_____insomewaysthereceivedwisdomthat,apartfromlearningto(29)_____thingscommontotheirdailylives,childrendon\'tbegintobuildvocabularyuntilwellintotheirsecondyear."It\'sno(30)_____thatchildrenlearnwords,butthewordstheytendtoknowarewordslinkedto(31)_____situationsinthehome,"explainsSchafer."Thisisthefirstdemonstrationthatwecanchoosewhatwordsthechildrenwilllearnandthattheycanrespondtothemwithanunfamiliarvoice(32)_____inanunfamiliarsetting."Figuringouthowhumansacquirelanguagemay(33)_____whysomechildrenlearntoreadandwritelaterthanothers,Schafersays,andcouldleadtobettertreatmentsfordevelopmentalproblems.What\'smore,thestudyoflanguage(34)_____offersdirectinsightintohowhumanslearn."Languageisatestcaseforhumancognitivedevelopment,"saysSchafer.Butparentseagertoteachtheirinfantsshouldtakenote:evenwithoutbeingtaughtnewwords,acontrolgroup(35)_____theotherinfantswithinafewmonths."Thisisnotaboutadvancingdevelopment,"hesays."It\'sjustaboutwhatchildrencandoatanearlieragethanwhateducatorshaveoftenthought."PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Cellphonesprovideinstantaccesstopeople.Theyarecreatingamajor36inthesocialexperiencesofbothchildrenandadolescents.InonerecentU.S.survey,abouthalftheteenspolledsaidthattheircellphonehad37theircommunicationwithfriends.Almostallsaidthat更多精品文档学习-----好资料theircellphonewasthewaytheystayedintouchwithpeers,one-thirdhadusedthecellphonetohelpapeerinneed,andabout80%saidthephonemadethemfeelsafer.TeenagersinAustralia,38,saidthattheirmobilephonesprovidednumerousbenefitsandwerean39partoftheirlives;somewereso40totheirphonesthattheresearchersconsidereditanaddiction.InJapan,too,researchersareconcernedaboutcellphoneaddiction.ResearchersinonestudyinTokyofoundthatmorethanhalfofjuniorhighschoolstudentsusedtheirphonestoexchangee-mailswithschoolmatesmorethan10timesaday.Cellphones41socialconnectionswithpeersacrosstimeandspace.Theyallowyoungpeopletoexchangemoment-by-momentexperiencesintheirdailyliveswithspecialpartnersandthustohaveamore42senseofconnectionwithfriends.Cellphonesalsocan43socialtolerancebecausetheyreducechildren\'sinteractionswithotherswhoaredifferentfromthem.Inadditiontoconnectingpeers,cellphonesconnectchildrenandparents.ResearchersstudyingteenagersinIsraelconcludedthat,inthat44environment,mobilephoneswereregardedas"securityobjects"inparent-teenrelationships―importantbecausetheyprovidedthepossibilityof45andcommunicationatalltimes.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答A)affiliatedB)attachedC)contactD)contendE)continuousF)diminishG)enduranceH)fosterI)hazardousJ)improvedK)instantaneousL)intrinsicM)relativelyN)shiftO)similarlySectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsmarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.WasteNot,WantNotFeedingthe9Billion:TheTragedyofWaste[A]By2075,theUnitedNations\'mid-rangeprojectionforglobalpopulationisabout9.5billion.Thismeansthattherecouldbeanextrathreebillionmouthstofeedbytheendofthecentury,aperiodinwhichsubstantialchangesareanticipatedinthewealth,calorieintakeanddietarypreferencesofpeopleindevelopingcountriesacrosstheworld.Suchaprojectionpresentsmankindwithwide-rangingsocial,economic,environmentalandpoliticalissuesthatneedtobeaddressedtodaytoensureasustainablefutureforall.Onekeyissueishowtoproducemorefoodinaworldoffiniteresources.[B]Today,weproduceaboutfourbillionmetrictonnesoffoodperyear.Yetduetopoorpracticesinharvesting,storageandtransportation,aswellasmarketandconsumerwastage,itisestimatedthat30-50%ofallfoodproducedneverreachesahumanstomach.Furthermore,this更多精品文档学习-----好资料figuredoesnotreflectthefactthatlargeamountsofland,energy,fertilisersandwaterhavealsobeenlostintheproductionoffoodstuffswhichsimplyendupaswaste.Thislevelofwastageisatragedythatcannotcontinueifwearetosucceedinthechallengeofsustainablymeetingourfuturefooddemands.WhereFoodWasteHappens[C]In2010,theInstitutionofMechanicalEngineersidentifiedthreeprincipalemergingpopulationgroupsacrosstheworld,basedoncharacteristicsassociatedwiththeircurrentandprojectedstageofeconomicdevelopment.•Fullydeveloped,mature,post-industrialsocieties,suchasthoseinEurope,characterisedbystableordecliningpopulationswhichareincreasinginage.•Late-stagedevelopingnationsthatarecurrentlyindustrialisingrapidly,forexampleChina,whichwillexperiencedecliningratesofpopulationgrowth,coupledwithincreasingaffluence(富裕）andageprofile.•Newlydevelopingcountriesthatarebeginningtoindustrialise,primarilyinAfrica,withhightoveryhighpopulationgrowthrates,andcharacterisedbyapredominantlyyoungageprofile.[D]Eachgroupoverthecomingdecadeswillneedtoaddressdifferentissuessurroundingfoodproduction,storageandtransportation,aswellasconsumerexpectations,ifwearetocontinuetofeedallourpeople.[E]Inless-developedcountries,suchasthoseofsub-SaharanAfricaandSouth-EastAsia,wastagetendstooccurprimarilyatthefarmer-producerendofthesupplychain.Inefficientharvesting,inadequatelocaltransportationandpoorinfrastructure(基础设施)meanthatproduceisfrequentlyhandledinappropriatelyandstoredunderunsuitablefarmsiteconditions.[F]Inmature,fullydevelopedcountriessuchastheUK,more-efficientfarmingpracticesandbettertransport,storageandprocessingfacilitiesensurethatalargerproportionofthefoodproducedreachesmarketsandconsumers.However,characteristicsassociatedwithmodernconsumerculturemeanproduceisoftenwastedthroughretailandcustomerbehaviour.[G]Majorsupermarkets,inmeetingconsumerexpectations,willoftenrejectentirecropsofperfectlyediblefruitandvegetablesatthefarmbecausetheydonotmeetexactingmarketingstandardsfortheirphysicalcharacteristics,suchassizeandappearance.[H]Oftheproducethatdoesappearinthesupermarket,commonlyusedsalespromotionsfrequentlyencouragecustomerstopurchaseexcessivequantitieswhich,inthecaseofperishablefoodstuffs,inevitablygeneratewastageinthehome.Overallbetween30%and50%ofwhathasbeenboughtindevelopedcountriesisthrownawaybythepurchaser.BetterUseofOurFiniteResources[I]Wastingfoodmeanslosingnotonlylife-supportingnutritionbutalsopreciousresources,includingland,waterandenergy.Asaglobalsociety,therefore,tacklingfoodwastewillhelpcontributetowardsaddressinganumberofkeyresourceissues.[J]LandUsage:Overthelastfivedecades,improvedfarmingtechniquesandtechnologieshavehelpedtosignificantlyincreasecropyieldsalongwitha12%expansionoffarmedlanduse.However,afurtherincreaseinfarmingareawithoutimpactingunfavourablyonwhatremainsoftheworld\'snaturalecosystemsappearsunlikely.Thechallengeisthatanincreasein更多精品文档学习-----好资料animal-basedproductionwillrequiremorelandandresources,aslivestock(牲畜)farmingdemandsextensivelanduse.[K]WaterUsage:Overthepastcentury,humanuseoffreshwaterhasincreasedatmorethandoubletherateofpopulationgrowth.Currentlyabout3.8trillionm3ofwaterisusedbyhu-mansperyear.About70%ofthisisconsumedbytheglobalagriculturesector,andthelevelofusewillcontinuetoriseoverthecomingdecades.[L]Betterirrigationcandramaticallyimprovecropyieldandabout40%oftheworld\'sfoodsupplyiscurrentlyderivedfromirrigatedland.However,waterusedinirrigationisoftensourcedunsustainably.Inprocessingfoodsaftertheagriculturalstage,therearelargeadditionalusesofwaterthatneedtobetackledinaworldofgrowingdemand.Thisisparticularlycrucialinthecaseofmeatproduction,wherebeefusesabout50timesmorewaterthanvegetables.Inthefuture,moreeffectivewashingtechniques,managementprocedures,andrecyclingandpurificationofwaterwillbeneededtoreducewastage.[M]EnergyUsage:Energyisanessentialresourceacrosstheentirefoodproductioncycle,withestimatesshowinganaverageof7-10caloriesofinputbeingrequiredintheproductionofonecalorieoffood.Thisvariesdramaticallydependingoncrop,fromthreecaloriesforplantcropsto35caloriesintheproductionofbeef.Sincemuchofthisenergycomesfromtheutilisationoffossilfuels,wastageoffoodpotentiallycontributestounnecessaryglobalwarmingaswellasinefficientresourceutilisation.[N]Inthemodemindustrialisedagriculturalprocess—whichdevelopingnationsaremovingtowardsinordertoincreasefutureyields—energyusageinthemakingandapplicationoffertilisersandpesticidesrepresentsthesinglebiggestcomponent.Wheatproductiontakes50%ofitsenergyinputforthesetwoitemsalone.Indeed,onaglobalscale,fertilisermanufacturingconsumesabout3-5%oftheworld\'sannualnaturalgassupply.Withproductionanticipatedtoincreaseby25%betweennowand2030,sustainableenergysourcingwillbecomeanincreasinglymajorissue.Energytopowermachinery,bothonthefarmandinthestorageandprocessingfacilities,addstotheenergytotal,whichcurrentlyrepresentsabout3.1%ofannualglobalenergyconsumption.Recommendations[O]Risingpopulationcombinedwithimprovednutritionstandardsandshiftingdietarypreferenceswillexertpressureforincreasesinglobalfoodsupply.Engineers,scientistsandagriculturalistshavetheknowledge,toolsandsystemsthatwillassistinachievingproductivityincreases.However,pressurewillgrowonfiniteresourcesofland,energyandwater.Thepotentialtoprovide60-100%morefoodbysimplyeliminatinglosses,whilesimultaneouslyfreeingupland,energyandwaterresourcesforotheruses,isanopportunitythatshouldnotbeignored.Inordertobegintacklingthechallenge,theInstitutionrecommendsthat:•TheUNFoodandAgricultureOrganisationworkwiththeinternationalengineeringcommunitytoensuregovernmentsofdevelopednationsputinplaceprogrammesthattransferengineeringknowledge,designknow-how,andsuitabletechnologytonewlydevelopingcountries.Thiswillhelpimproveproducehandlingintheharvest,andimmediatepost-harveststagesoffoodproduction.更多精品文档学习-----好资料•Governmentsofrapidlydevelopingcountriesincorporatewasteminimisationthinkingintothetransportinfrastructureandstoragefacilitiescurrentlybeingplanned,engineeredandbuilt.•Governmentsindevelopednationsdeviseandimplementpolicythatchangesconsumerexpectations.Theseshoulddiscourageretailersfromwastefulpracticesthatleadtotherejectionoffoodonthebasisofcosmeticcharacteristics,andlossesinthehomeduetoexcessivepurchasingbyconsumers.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。46.Eliminationofwastealonecanpotentiallyprovideoversixtypercentmorefoodforthegrowingworldpopulation.47.Theproductionandapplicationoffertilisersandpesticidesaccountforthelargestpartofenergyuseinthemodernindustrialisedagriculturalprocess.48.Consumersindevelopedcountriesthrowawaynearlyhalfoftheirfoodpurchasesbecausetheytendtobuyinexcessivequantities.49.Itisrecommendedthatengineeringknowledgeandsuitabletechnologyindevelopedcountriesbeintroducedtodevelopingcountriestoimproveproducehandlingintheharvest.50.Thepredictedglobalpopulationgrowthmeansthatwayshavetobefoundtoproducemorefoodwithfiniteresources.51.Afurtherexpansionoffarmingareawilladverselyimpactontheworld\'snaturalecosystems.52.Perfectlyeatablefruitandvegetablecropsoftenfailtoreachsupermarketsduetotheirsizeorphysicalappearance.53.Poorpracticesinharvesting,storageandtransportationhaveresultedinawasteofmuchofthefoodweproduceandthusawasteoflandandresources.54.Foodwasteinless-developedcountrieshappensmainlyattheproducers\'end.55.Beefconsumesfarmorewatertoproducethanvegetables.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Callitthe“learningparadox”,themoreyoustruggleandevenfailwhileyou’retryingtolearnnewinformation,thebetteryou’relikelytorecallandapplythatinformationlater.Thelearningparadoxisattheheartof“productivefailure”.aphenomenonidentifiedbyresearcherManuKapur.Kapurpointsoutthatwhilethemodeladoptedbymanyteacherswhenintroducingstudentstonewknowledge―providinglotsofstructureandguidanceearlyon,untilthestudentsshowthattheycandoitontheirown―makesintuitivesense,itmaynotbethebestwaytopromotelearning.Rather,it’sbettertoletthelearnerswrestle(较劲）withthematerialontheirownforawhile,refrainingfromgivingthemanyassistanceatthestart.Inapaperpublishedrecently,Kapurappliedtheprincipleofproductivefailuretomathematicalproblemsolvinginthreeschools.更多精品文档学习-----好资料Withonegroupofstudents,theteacherprovidedstrong“scaffolding”―instructionalsupport—andfeedback.Withtheteacher’shelp,thesepupilswereabletofindtheanswerstotheirsetofproblems.Meanwhile,asecondgroupwasdirectedtosolvethesameproblemsbycollaboratingwithoneanother,withoutanypromptsfromtheirinstructor.Thesestudentsweren’tabletocompletetheproblemscorrectly.Butinthecourseoftryingtodoso,theygeneratedalotofideasaboutthenatureoftheproblemsandaboutwhatpotentialsolutionswouldlooklike.Andwhenthetwogroupsweretestedonwhatthey’dlearned,thesecondgroup“significantlyoutperformed”thefirst.Theapparentstrugglesofthefloundering(挣扎的）grouphavewhatKapurcallsa“hiddenefficacy”:theyleadpeopletounderstandthedeepstructureofproblems,notsimplytheircorrectsolutions.Whenthesestudentsencounteranewproblemofthesametypeonatest,they’reabletotransfertheknowledgethey’vegatheredmoreeffectivelythanthosewhowerethepassiverecipientsofsomeoneelse’sexpertise.Intherealworld,problemsrarelycomeneatlypackaged,sobeingabletodiscerntheirdeepstructureiskey.But,Kapurnotes,noneofusliketofail,nomatterhowoftenSiliconValleyentrepreneurspraisethebeneficialeffectsofanideathatfailsorastart-upcompanythatcrashesandburns.Soweneedto“designforproductivefailure”bybuildingitintothelearningprocess.Kapurhasidentifiedthreeconditionsthatpromotethiskindofbeneficialstruggle.First,chooseproblemstoworkonthat“challengebutdonotfrustrate”.Second,providelearnerswithopportunitiestoexplainandelaborateonwhatthey’redoing.Third,givelearnersthechancetocompareandcontrastgoodandbadsolutionstotheproblems.Andtothosestudentswhoprotestthistough-loveteachingstyle:you\'llthankmelater.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。56.Whydoestheauthorcallthelearningprocessaparadox?A)Painsdonotnecessarilyleadtogains.B)Whatislearnedisrarelyapplicableinlife.C)Failuremoreoftenthannotbreedssuccess.D)Themoreistaught,thelessislearnt.57.WhatdoesKapurdisapproveofinteaching?A)Askingstudentstofindandsolveproblemsontheirown.B)Developingstudents’abilitytoapplywhattheylearn.C)Givingstudentsdetailedguidanceandinstruction.D)Allowingstudentsafreehandinproblemsolving.58.Whatdopeopletendtothinkofprovidingstrong“scaffolding”inteaching?A)Itwillmaketeachingeasier.C)Itcanmotivateaveragestudents.B)Itisasensiblewayofteaching.D)Itwillenhancestudents’confidence.59.WhatkindofproblemshouldbegiventostudentstosolveaccordingtoKapur?A)Itshouldbeabletoencouragecollaborativelearning.B)Itshouldbeeasyenoughsoasnottofrustratestudents.C)Itshouldbesolvablebyaveragestudentswithease.D)Itshouldbedifficultenoughbutstillwithintheirreach.60.Whatcanbeexpectedof“thistough-loveteachingstyle”(Lines8-9,Para.5)?A)Studentswillbegratefulinthelongrun.B)Teacherswillmeetwithalotofresistance.C)Parentswillthinkittooharshontheirkids.更多精品文档学习-----好资料D)Itmaynotbeabletoyieldthedesiredresults.PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.VernonBowman,a75-year-oldfarmerfromruralIndiana,didsomethingthatgothimsued.Heplantedsoybeans(大豆）soldascattlefeed.ButMonsanto,theagriculturalgiant,insistsithasapatentonthekindofgeneticallymodifiedseedsBowmanused―andthatthepatentcontinuestoalloftheprogeny(后代)ofthoseseeds.Havewereallygottentothepointthatplantingaseedcanleadtoahigh-stakesSupremeCourtpatentlawsuit?Wehave,andthatcaseisBowmanvs.Monsanto,whichisbeingarguedonTuesday.Monsanto’scriticshaveattackedthecompanyforits“mercilesslegalbattlesagainstsmallfarmers,”andtheyarehopingthiswillbethecasethatputsitinitsplace.Theyarealsohopingthecourt’srulingwillreininpatentlaw,whichisincreasinglybeingusedtoclaimnewlifeformsasprivateproperty.Monsantoanditssupporters,notsurprisingly,seethecaseverydifferently.TheyarguethatwhenacompanylikeMonsantogoestogreatexpensetocreateavaluablenewgeneticallymodi-fiedseed,itmustbeabletoprotectitspropertyinterests.IffarmerslikeBowmanareabletousetheseseedswithoutpayingthedesignatedfee,itwillremovetheincentivesforcompanieslikeMonsantotoinnovate.MonsantoaccusedBowmanofpatentinfringementandwonan$84,456damageaward.Ratherthanpayuporworkoutasettlement,Bowmandecidedtoappeal—allthewaytotheSupremeCourt.Hesaid“Monsantoshouldnotbeable,justbecausethey’vegotbillionsofdollarstospendonlegalfees,totrytoterrifyfarmersintoobeyingtheiragreementsbymassiveforceandthreats.”Thecentralissueinthecaseiswhetherpatentrightstolivingthingsextendtotheprogenyofthosethings.Monsantoarguesthatitspatentsextendtolatergenerations.ButBowman\'ssupportersarguethatMonsantoistryingtoexpandthescopeofpatentsinwaysthatwouldenrichbigcorporationsandhurtsmallfarmers.TheysaythatifMonsantowins,theimpactwillextendfarbeyondagriculture―lockinguppropertyrightsinanarrayofimportantareas.KnowledgeEcologyInternationalcontendsthattheSupremeCourt’srulingcouldhave“profoundeffects”onotherbiotechindustries.IfthiswereaHollywoodmovie,thecourageousoldIndianafarmerwouldbeattheprofit-mindedcorporationbeforethecreditsrolled.Butthisisareal-lifeargumentbeforeaSupremeCourtthathasawell-earnedreputationforlookingoutfortheinterestsoflargecorporations.Thiscasegivesthecourtanopportunitytoreininthegrowinguseofpatentstoprotectgeneticallyengineeredcropsandotherlifeforms―butthecourtmaywelluseittogivethistrendapowerfulnewendorsement.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答61.WhydidVernonBowmangetsued?A)Heusedgeneticallymodifiedseedstofeedhiscattle.B)Heplantedsoybeanswithoutpayingforthepatent.C)HemadeaprofitoutofMonsanto’scommercialsecrets.D)HeobtainedMonsanto’spatentedseedsbyillegalmeans.62.WhatareMonsanto’scriticshopingtheSupremeCourtwilldo?更多精品文档学习-----好资料A)Allowsmallfarmerstogrowgeneticallymodifiedsoybeans.B)PunishMonsantoforinfringingonsmallfarmers\'interests.C)RuleagainstMonsanto’sexcessiveextensionofitspatentrights.D)Abolishthepatentlawconcerninggeneticallyengineeredseeds.63.WhatistheargumentofMonsantoanditssupporters?A)Patentrightsshouldbeprotectedtoencourageinnovation.B)BowmancannotplanttheseedswithoutMonsanto\'sconsent.C)Monsantohastherighttorecoverthecostsofitspatentedseeds.D)Patentlawongeneticallymodifiedseedsshouldnotbechallenged.64.WhatisthekeyissueintheBowmanvs.Monsantocase?A)Whetherpatentforseedsisharmfultoagriculturalproduction.B)Whetherthebiotechindustryshouldtakepriorityoveragriculture.C)Whethermeasuresshouldbeintroducedtoprotectsmallfarmers.D)Whetherpatentforlivingthingsappliestotheirlatergenerations.65.Whatdowelearnfromthelastparagraph?A)Hollywoodmoviesusuallyhaveanunexpected,dramaticimpactonreal-lifearguments.B)TheSupremeCourtwilltrytochangeitsreputationforsupportinglargecorporations.C)TheSupremeCourtislikelytopersuadethepartiesconcernedtoworkoutasettlement.D)TherulingwouldbeinBowman’sfavorifthecasewerearguedinaHollywoodmovie.PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.闻名于世的丝绸之路是一系列连接东西方的路线。丝绸之路延伸6,000多公里，得名于古代中国的丝绸贸易。丝绸之路上的贸易在中国、南亚、欧洲和中东文明发展中发挥了重要作用。正是通过丝绸之路，中国的造纸、火药、指南针、印刷术等四大发明才被引介到世界各地。同样，中国的丝绸、茶叶和瓷器（porcelain）也传遍全球。物质文化的交流是双向的，欧洲也通过丝绸之路出口各种商品和植物，满足中国市场的需求。注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。答案1~5DCBCD6~10ABABD11~15ACBCA16~20BCCDA21~25DACDB26.addition27.recognize28.challenges29.identify30.secret31.specific32.givinginstructions33.shedlighton34.acquisition35.caughtupwith36~40NJOLB41~45HKFIC46~50ONHOA51~55JGBEL56~60CCBDA61~65BCADD2013年12月英语六级作文题目：更多精品文档学习-----好资料Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayonhappinessbyreferringtothesaying“Happinessisnottheabsenceofproblems,buttheabilitytodealwiththem.”Youcanciteexamplestoillustrateyourpointandthenexplainhowyoucandevelopyourabilitytodealwithproblemsandbehappy.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.新东方老师杨竞欧给出的英语六级作文范文Happiness,asthesayinghasit,isnottheabsenceofproblems,buttheabilitytodealwiththem.Inotherwords,peoplecanneverbehappyiftheyfocusontheirdifficultiesandchallenges.Simpleastheremarkmaysound,itconveysathought-provokingnotionthathappinessisastateofmindnotanabsenceofproblems.Firstandforemost,itiswellknownthatinordertobeastrongindividual,oneneedsobstaclestodevelopone’sstrength,justlikebutterflieswhichstruggletobefreeoftheircocooninorderfortheirwingstobecomestrongenoughtofly.Furthermore,justbecausepeoplehaveadisadvantagedchildhood,itdoesnotmeantheycannotbesuccessful.SteveJobsisacaseinpoint.Hewasabandonedbyhisbiologicalparentsanddroppedoutofuniversitybutstillmanagedtochangetheworld.Toconclude,asthesayinggoes“Youcannotrunawayfromyourproblems.Thereisnotaplacefarenoughaway.”Consequently,itisadvisableforeveryonetohaveapositiveattitudetowardtheirproblemsiftheyreallywanttobehappy.作文题Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayabouttheimpactofinformationexplosionbyreferringtothesaying"awealthofinformationcreatesapovertyofattention".Youcanciteexamplestoillustrateyourpointandthenexplainwhatyoucandotoavoidbeingdistractedbyirrelevantinformation?Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.WaystoGetOverInformationExplosionAsafamoussayinggoes,“Awealthofinformationcreatesapovertyofattention”.NowadaysweareintheInformationAge.Somepeoplekeepcomplainingaboutdistractionbytheinformationexplosion.Admittedly,thenewinformationagehasbroughtussomuchconveniencethatweareallowedtogetenoughinformationjustwithasimpleclicksittinginfrontofthecomputers.Nevertheless,wearealsoconfused,annoyed,distractedandupsetbyanincrediblylargequantityofinformation.Forexample,when更多精品文档学习-----好资料searchingforsomethingonline,peopleareeasilycarriedawaybyirrelevantinformationandforgettheiroriginalplan.Besides,someinformationoftenturnsouttobeuselessandactuallyadvertisement.Therefore,itcanbetime-consumingandtroublesometosearchinformationonline.Thenwhatwecandotoavoidbeingdistractedbyirrelevantinformation?HereIhavesomeusefultips:Firstly,makealistofwhatyoureallywantbeforeyoursearching.Thiswillhelpyoutorefusesomeappealing,yetirrelevantinformation.Secondly,findsometrustfulandprofessionalsourcesorwebsitesandthensaveandcategorizethem.Inthiscase,youcaneasilyleavesomeadsanduselessinformationbehind.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingontheremark“thegreatestuseoflifeistospenditforsomethingthatwilloutlastit.”Youcangiveexamplestoillustrateyourpointandthenexplainwhatyouwilldotomakeyourlifemoremeaningful.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.HowtoLiveaMeaningLifeAmongallthehighlightedtopics,thereis“howtoliveameaninglife?”Everyonehashisorherownopinion.Asthesayinghasit,“thegreatestuseoflifeistospenditforsomethingthatwilloutlastit.”Icannotagreeanymore.Ifourlifeisjusttopursuesomethingforourselves,wewillsurelyfeelfruitlessandmeaninglesswhenwegrowold.FromSteveJobs’sbibliography,wecangetthatthepeoplewhoarecrazyenoughtothinktheycanchangetheworldaretheoneswhodo.SteveJobshasbroughtagreatmanychangestoourworld.Hislife,althoughshort,definitelyoutlast.That’salifeworthliving.Therefore,ifthereisawaytomakemylifemeaningful,itshouldbetofindsomethingI’minterestedinandalsohelpfultoothersorthewholesociety.OnlyinthiswaycanIkeepmypassionthroughoutmylifeuntilIfinallyfulfilmylife.【2013年12月英语六级翻译真题】中国人自古以来就在中秋时节庆祝丰收，这与北美地区庆祝感恩节的习俗十分相似，过中秋节的习俗与唐代早期在中国各地开始流行，中秋节在农历八月十五，是人们拜月的节日，这天夜晚皓月当空，人们合家团聚，共赏明月。2006年，中秋节被列为中国的文化遗产，2008年又被定为公共假日，月饼被视为中秋节不可或缺的美食，人们将月饼作为礼物馈赠亲友或在家庭聚会上享用。传统的月饼上带有“寿”(longevity)、“福”或“和”等字样。【2013年12月英语六级翻译答案参考】Sinceancienttimes,theChinesepeopleusuallycelebrateharvestintheMid-Autumn,whichissimilartothecustomofcelebratingThanksgivingintheNorthAmerica.ThetraditionofcelebratingMid-AutumnfestivalbecamepopularthroughoutChinaintheearlyTangdynasty.更多精品文档学习-----好资料ThelunarAugust15isadayforpeopleworshipingthemoon.Onthisday,underthedazzlingbrightmoon,familiesreuniteandenjoythemoon’sbeauty.In2006,Mid-AutumnfestivalwaslistedasoneofChina\'sculturalheritage,andin2008,itwasclassifiedasapublicholiday.Mooncakes,asindispensabledeliciousfoodofthefestival,weregiftspeoplesenttofamiliesandfriendsduringthefestivalandusuallyeatenonfamilygatherings.Therearecharactersof“longevity”,“goodfortune”and“harmony”ontheTraditionalmooncakes.更多精品文档',)