初中-从句-定语从句,关系从句和定语从句的区别

Littletest•1.【2019•黑龙江省大庆市】Thebook__________Ireadlastnightwasfantastic.•A.thatB.whatC.whoseD.who•2.【2019•吉林省中考】Mr.Brownisateacher__________isstrictwithallisstudents.•A.whichB.whoC.whereD.whom•3.【2019•甘肃省天水市】—HaveyouseenthefilmTheWanderingEarth(流浪地球)?•—Yes.It’sthebestone__________Ihaveeverseen.•A.thatB.whoC.whatD.itABA一、定语定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。hisdeskTom’sfatherabeautifulcitythreeteacherswomenteachersadevelopingcountryadevelopedcountryThereisnothingtodotoday.anarticleabouthowtolearnEnglishacitywhichisbeautiful物主代词形容词名词现在分词过去分词不定式介词短语从句名词所有格数词二定语从句1.含义修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在所修饰的名词或代词之后。Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.修饰girlThisistheclassroomwherewestudy.修饰classroom2.如何改写成定语从句？写法：①找出两个简单句的共有成分；②将从句中的共有成分去掉；③用关系词引导剩下的从句，并紧接在被修饰词之后．Ilovethegirl.Thegirlhaslonghair.Ilovethegirlwhohaslonghair.先行词关系词定语从句Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.3.相关术语关系代词关系副词which,who,whom,whose,that,Where,when,whyThemanisaworker.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.（人，在从句中做主语）---Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.Thewomanisateacher.Theywantedtovisitthewoman.（人，在从句中做主语）---Thewomanwhomtheywantedtovisitisateacher.who：指人，作主语；whom：指人，做宾语5.关系代词Lookatthekites.Kitesareflyinginthesky.（物，在从句中做主语）---Lookatthekiteswhichareflyinginthesky.Thepenisprettygood.I’musingthepen.（物，在从句中做宾语）----ThepenwhichI’musingisprettygood.which：指物，作主语或宾语Who’stheboy?Theboyisreadingabook.（人，在从句中做主语）---Who’stheboythatisreadingabook?Canyoushowmethephoto?Youlikethephoto.（物，在从句中做宾语）Canyoushowmethephotothatyoulike?that：指人或物，作主语或宾语Iknowthegirl.Thegirl’smotherisateacher.----Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher.Thehouseismine.Thehouse’swindowsareclosed---Thehousewhosewindowsareclosedismine.whose：指人或物，做定语做题技巧：1.确定定语从句2.看先行词是指人还是指物3.确定先行词在定语从句中做的成分4.确定关系代词Theboys______areplayingfootballarefromClassOne.Footballisagame___________islikedbymostboys.whowhich/that1.Those_______wanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.2.YesterdayIhelpedanoldman______hadlosthisway.3.Mr.Liuistheperson______youtalkedaboutonthebus.4.LiMingisjusttheboy______Iwanttosee.5.Thefactory_____makescomputersisfarawayfromhere.6.Helikestoreadbooks______arewrittenbyShakespeare.7.Thisisthepen_______heboughtyesterday.whowhowhomwhomwhich/thatwhich/thatwhich/that8.Whereistheman______Isawthismorning?9.Theseason_____comesafterspringissummer.10.Ivisitedascientist______nameisknownalloverthecountry.11.Doyoulikethebook______coverisyellow?12.Theclassroom______doorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.whomwhich/thatwhosewhosewhosepart2关系副词1.Iwanttoknowthedate______youwereborn.2.Ihaveforgottenthedate________youtoldme.3.Doyouknowthereason________heisabsenttoday?4.Thatisthereason________Iwanttoknow.5.Manycountriesarenowsettingupnationalparks________animalsandplantscanbeprotected.6.Thisisthefactory________hisfatherbuilt.whenthat/whichwhythat/whichwherethat/whichlittletestCouldyoustillrememberthetimewhenthetrainleft?Thisisthefactorywheremyfatherworks?Doyouknowthereasonwhyhewaslateforschool?whenthetrainleftthetimethefactorywheremyfatherworks?thereasonwhyhewaslateforschool?whenwherewhy（指时间，作状语）（指地点，作状语）（指原因，作状语）6.关系副词先行词?1.Thereason___________hegaveussoundedreasonable.2.Idon’tknowthereason_______hequarreledwithyou.3.I’llneverforgettheday___________wespenttogether.4.I’llremembertheday_________westayedtogether.5.Thisisthehotel____________wevisitedlastyear.6.Thisisthehotel_________Lincolnoncelived.总结：关系代词和关系副词的选择关键看关系词在定语从句中做的成分而定。whythat/whichthat/whichwhenthat/whichwhere关系代词和关系副词的区别1.Thereason___________hegaveussoundedreasonable.2.Idon’tknowthereason_______hequarreledwithyou.3.I’llneverforgettheday___________wespenttogether.4.I’llremembertheday_________westayedtogether.5.Thisisthehotel____________wevisitedlastyear.6.Thisisthehotel_________Lincolnoncelived.总结关系词的用法：关系词在定语从句中做_________________时，用关系代词(which,who,whom,that,whose)引导定语从句。关系词在定语从句中做_________时，用关系副词(when,where,why)引导定语从句。主语、宾语、或定语状语4.分类限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句分割性定语从句定语从句Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.LastnightIsawaverygoodfilm,whichwasabouttheLongMarch.Sheisdoingexperimentsinthelabwhichareimportanttoherresearch.1)限制性定语从句:紧跟先行词无逗号和主句隔开2)非限制性定语从句:有逗号与先行词隔开3)分隔定语从句:定语从句和先行词间有其他成分隔开作文附加句式/语法填空众所周知：Asisknowntoeveryone，Itisknowntoeverybodythat...Whatisknowntoeverybodyisthat...1.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.自助者天助之。2.Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.谁笑到最后，谁笑的最好。3.Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.不到长城非好汉。Thanks！定语从句中that与which的区别序数、最高级、不定代词逗号、介词只用that，不用which的情况a.当先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；ThisisthesecondcomputerthatTomhasjustbought.ThisisthebestplacethatI'veevervisited.b.当先行词前有theonly,thevery,thelast等词修饰时；Theonlythingthattheycandoistowait.c.当先行词为anything,nothing,something,everything,all,little,much等不定代词修饰时；Thereisnothingthatcanstophimfromdoingit.Haveyougotanythingthatbelongstome?e.当先行词前有all,every,no,some,any,little,much,few等词修饰时：eg:I’vereadallthebooksthatyoulentme.Isthisallthat'sleft?f.当先行词既有人，又有物时：eg:Sallyistalkingaboutthewriterandhisbookthatinterestsher.Theytalkedabouttheteachersandtheschoolsthattheyknew.g.在以which，who开头的句子中常用that。如：eg:Whoistheboythatisplayingcomputergames?Whichisthecarthatkilledtheman?h.time是先行词时，前面如有序数词或last修饰时，定语从句只能用that引导或省略。例如：Thisisthelasttime(that)Ishallgiveyoualetter.Thefirsttime(that)Isawhimwaslastyear.只用which，不用that的情况a.在非限定性定语从句(即通常用逗号与主句隔开，如果去掉逗号，整个句子仍能表达完整的意义的定语从句)中。如：TheyaretalkingabouttheTVplay,whichtheysawlastnight.他们正在谈论昨晚看的电视剧。b.引导词前有介词时；ThisisthehouseinwhichTomoncelived.这是汤姆曾经住过的房子。c.一个句子中若有两个定语从句，一个用that引导，另一个用which引导；Heboughtabookthatcouldgivehimmuchknowledgeandwhichcouldhelphimtokillthetime.当先行词是case(情况),condition（条件、情况）,situation（形式、处境）,position（位置，职位）,point（要点）,stage（阶段/舞台）,degree，occasion（场合，时机）等词，表示情况、方面、处境时用关系副词where。Hehadtofacetheconditionwherepressurewasheavy.Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother.It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituationwheretheycanseethemselvesdifferently.