定语从句(中考复习)

定语从句——Miffy1、定语从句：在复合句中起定语作用，修饰某一名词或代词的从句。引导定语从句的词。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。一、定语从句及相关概念2、先行词3、关系词二、定语从句中关系词及其作用关系代词：:关系副词:who,whom,which,that,whose,when,where,why关系词的作用：1、指代作用：指代先行词；2、连接作用：连接主从句；3、成分作用：在从句中充当一定的成分。三、关系词的用法（一）关系代词的用法关系代词在句中代替指人或事物的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等句子成分。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,that,which,whose等。1.who/whom的用法who/whom都用于指人。who在定语从句中作主语、宾语，whom在定语从句中作宾语。作宾语的关系代词who,whom可以省略(介词后作宾语的关系代词除外)。—WeareproudofMoYan.（我们都以莫言为荣。）—Yes.HeisagreatwriterwhowontheNobelPrizeinLiteraturein2012.（是的。他是2012年荣获诺贝尔文学奖的一位伟大的作家。）在从句中作主语先行词指人Therearemanyyoungmenwhoareforhim.在从句中作主语Theman(who/whom)youlookedforyesterdayhasalreadycome.（你昨天找的那个人已经来了。）先行词指人在从句中作宾语，可省略定语从句的谓语动词的数应与先行词保持一致Theboys(whoareplayingfootball)arefromClassOne.正在踢足球的那些男孩子们来自一班。Doyouknowthegirl(whooftencomeshere)?你知道经常来这儿的那个女孩吗？whom指人，是who的宾格，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。Heistheboy(whom)Italkedwithjustnow.(这就是刚才和我说话的男孩。)若前面有介词时则whom不可以省略，也不可以用who或that替换。Iknowthegirlwithwhomyouwentshoppingyesterday.(我认识昨天和你一起购物的那个女孩。)2.that的用法that既可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作宾语时可以省略。Weneedapersonthatisrightforthejob.(我们需要一位可以胜任这份工作的人。)先行词指人在从句中作主语不可省略Thepicture(that)wearestudyingwasdrawnbyasixteen-year-oldstudent.（我们正在研究的这幅画是一个16岁的学生画的。）先行词指在从句中作宾语，可省略Isawthemanwho/thatclosedthedoor.（我看到了那个关门的人。）Idon'tlikethepersonthatloseshistempereasily.（我不喜欢容易发脾气的人。）在从句中做主语在从句中做主语Theschool(that)wevisitedyesterdayisafamousoneinShanghai.（昨天我们参观的那所学校是上海一个很出名的学校。）在从句中做宾语重点拓展1.that作介词宾语时，介词不可提到that之前，若介词提前，指物用which，指人用whom。Mrs.Evansisthepersontowhomyoushouldwrite.伊万斯夫人就是那个你应该给写信的人。(whom不能用that代替)重点拓展2.先行词是指人的不定代词或指示代词，如one，all，nobody,none,those等时，关系代词只能用who不能用that。Everyonewhoenteredthecompetitionwillbegivenagift.参与比赛的每个人都将获得一份礼物。3.whose是who的所有格，作后面名词的定语。既可指人，也可以指物。MisswangistakingcareofthechildwhoseparentshavegonetoBeijing.王女士正在照顾父母都去了北京的那个孩子。whose指代物时，相当于ofwhichWeliveinahousewhosewindowsfacethesouth.我们住在一个窗户朝南的房子里。相当于thewindowsofwhich•You'retheonlyonewhoseadvicehemightlistento.只有你的建议他可能会听。(whose在从句中作advice的定语)•I'dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.我想要一个通过窗户可以看到大海的房间。(whose在从句中作window的定语)•HeisamanwhoseopinionIrespect.他是我尊重其意见的人。（whose在从句中作opinion的定语）•I'dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.我想要一个窗子朝向大海的房间。（whose在从句中作window的定语）重点拓展用来指物时，“whose+名词”可用“限定词+名词+ofwhich”或者“ofwhich+限定词+名词”来代替。Helivesinahousewhosewindowsfacesouth.=thewindowsofwhich或ofwhichthewindows他住在一个窗户朝南的房子里。4.which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略，但若前面有介词则不能省略，也不可以用that替换。IlikethebookswhicharewrittenbyLuXun.我喜欢鲁迅写的书。在从句中做主语Thedesks（which）wemadelastyearwereverygood.去年我们做的桌子很好。在从句中做宾语Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.这是我们去年住的房子。另外，引导非限制性定语从句(主、从句之间用逗号分开)时，只能用which，不能用that.Herhouse,whichwasbuiltahundredyearsago,stoodstillintheearthquake.关系代词前有介词时，只能用which。Thetreewhichisinfrontofmyhouseistenyearsold.在从句中做主语我家房前的那棵树已经十年了。Theriverwhichrunsthroughthecenterofthecitybringsuslotsofpleasure.在从句中做主语穿过市中心的那条河给我们带来了许多欢乐。Thisisthepen（which）youarelookingfor.这正是你要找的钢笔。在从句中做宾语5.that既可指人，又可指物。指人时相当于who或whom；指物时相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。Isawthemanwho/thatclosedthedoor.我看到了那个关门的人。Theschool(which/that)wevisitedyesterdayisafamousoneinShanghai.昨天我们参观的那所学校是上海一个很出名的学校。Weneedapersonthatisrightforthejob.我们需要一位可以胜任这份工作的人。Thepicturethatwearestudyingwasdrawnbyasixteen-year-oldstudent.我们这在研究的这幅画是一个16岁的学生画的。只能用that的情况1.先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,anything,nothing,none等时，只能用that。Allthathesaidistrue.他所说的都是真的。Isthereanythingthatyoudon'tunderstand?你有什么不懂的地方吗？EverythingthatwehaveseeninChinaismoving.我们在中国看见的事情件件感人。只能用that的情况2.当先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等修饰时，只能用that。Thisistheonlygiftthatmymotherboughtforme.这是我妈妈给我买的唯一一个礼物。that作宾语时，介词不可提到that之前，若介词提前，指物用which，指人用whom。Mrs.Whiteisthepersontowhomyoushouldwhite.怀特夫人就是那个你应该给写信的人。（二）关系副词的用法关系副词代替表示时间、地点、原因的先行词，并在从句中作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语，不能省略。关系副词在从句中充当的成分先行词when时间状语day,year,date,time等表示时间的名词where地点状语place，city，Beijing等表示地点的名词why原因状语表示原因的名词reason1.when的用法when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。它的先行词通常为time,day,week等表示时间的名词。此时常可用onwhich,inwhich,duringwhich等替代。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirsttravelledbymyself.我仍然记得第一次独自旅行的那一天。(when在从句中作时间状语，相当于onwhich)Ishallneverforgetthedayswhenweworkedonthefarm.(=Ishallneverforgetthedaysduringwhichweworkedonthefarm.)我永远也不会忘记我们在农场劳动的那些日子。PeoplewillalwaysrememberthetimewhenHongKongreturnedtoourmotherland.人们永远记住香港回归祖国的那一刻。2.why的用法why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。它的先行词通常为reason。此时常可用forwhich替代。Pleasetellmethereasonwhysheiscryingsobadly.请告诉我她哭得如此伤心的原因。(why在从句中作原因状语，相当于forwhich)注意先行词是thereason，若关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，则定语从句用that或which引导。IhavecomearoundtoexplainthereasonwhyIwasabsentfromthemeeting.(=IhavecomearoundtoexplainthereasonforwhichIwasabsentfromthemeeting.)我来是为了解释我当时没到会的原因。•Hedidn’ttellherthereasonwhyhewassohappy.他没有告诉她他那么高兴的原因。•Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.没有人知道他上学经常迟到的原因。3.where的用法where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。它的先行词常为place,house,country等表示地点的名词。此时常可用inwhich，atwhich等替代。Istillrememberthevillagewherewelivedlastyear.我仍记得我们去年住的那个村庄。(where在从句中作地点状语，相当于inwhich)Potatoescanbegrowninplaceswhereitistoocoldtogrowrice.(=Potatoescanbegrowninwhichitistoocoldtogrowrice.)•ThisistheschoolwhereIstudiedthreeyearsago.这是三年前我就读的学校。•ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.上海是我出生的城市。关系代词和关系副词的选用※定语从句注意事项定语从句中的主谓一致“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句有时定语从句中的介词可以提到关系代词之前，形成“介词+关系代词”结构，该结构中的关系代词可用which,whose和whom，不可以用that和who。该结构中的介词可以根据定语从句中谓语的搭配、与先行词的搭配或者句子意义来确定Practice:1.Thefactory__________ownerisfromShanghaiisverybig.A.whichB.whereC.whoseD.ofwhich2.Theboss______________departmentMsKingworkedtenyearsagolookeddownuponwomen.A.inwhichB.inthatC.inwhoseD.whosetheboss’s’sthefactorywhosewhosein3.Thisisthehouse___________thewindowwasbrokenyesterdayevening.A.ofwhichB.towhichC.whoseD.inwhichthehouseofwhichPractice:Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’taperson_____whomshecouldturnforhelp.Thewolf____whichthesheepwaskilledwasshot.Oursisabeautifulschool,_____whichweareproud.Thespeed_______whichyoudriveyourcarmustn’ttoohigh.thewolfbyofabeautifulschoolthespeedatHisbike_____whichhewenttoworkwasstolenlastnight..hisbikeonapersonto1.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyone______familywaspoor.A.ofwhomB.whomC.ofwhoseD.whoseD2.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhomD定语从句练习3.AfterlivinginPairsforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown____hegrewupasachild.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.whenB4.HelivedinLondonfor3months,during____timehelearnedsomeEnglish.A.thisB.whichC.thatD.sameB5.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella._____Igotwetthrough.A.It’sthereasonB.That’swhyC.There’swhyD.It’showB6.Idon’tlike_____youspeaktoher.A.thewaythatB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofthatA1.Thisisall____Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanythingelse____youwant?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_____wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.itABB4.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_____interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom5.Thereisnodictionary___youcanfindeverything.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat6.Thisisoneofthebestbooks____.A.thathaveeverbeenwrittenB.thathaseverbeenwrittenC.thathaswrittenD.thathavewrittenBAA7.Hewrotealettertome,tellingmeeverything____hesawonthewaytotheParis.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where8.Isoxygen（氧气）theonlygas___helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it9.Isthereanything_____toyou?A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongsC.whichbelongsD.thatbelongBAB1.Thescientistandhisachievements（成就）_____youtoldmeaboutareadmiredbyusall.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whose2.Whichofthebooks_____wereborrowedfromhimisthebest?A.whichB.whatC.thatD.whoseBC3.Doyouknowwholivesinthebuilding_____thereisawell?A.infrontofitB.infrontofwhoseC.infrontofwhichD.infrontwhich4.I’llneverforgettheday____IjoinedtheLeague.A.onwhichB.inwhichC.whichD.atwhich5.Thewoman_____mybrotherspokejustnowismyteacher.A.whoB.towhomC.towhoD.whomCAB4.Jeannewasheroldfriend,____sheborrowedanecklace.A.fromwhoB.fromwhomC.tothatD.towhom5.Hisglasses,_____hewaslikeablindman（盲人）,felltothegroundandbrokeitsleg.A.whichB.withwhichC.withoutwhichD.thatBC6.Sheisateacherofmuchknowledge,___muchcanbelearned.A.whoB.thatC.fromwhichD.fromwhom7.Hebuiltatelescope（望远镜）_____hecouldstudytheskies.A.inwhichB.withthatC.throughwhichD.byit8.Doyouknowthereason___hewaslate?A.thatB.whichC.forwhatD.forwhichDCD9.Ihaveboughttwoball-pens,____writeswell.A.noneofwhichB.neitherofwhichC.noneofthemD.neitherofthem10.Thisistheveryknife___Iusedtocutapplesyesterday.A.thatB.bywhichC.whichD.withwhich11.Thebook,_____whichhepaid6yuan,isworthreading.BAfor①Isthisthefactory_____youvisitedlastyear?②Isthisfactory____youvisitedlastyear?1.a.thatb.wherec.inwhichd.theone2.①All____Ineedisagoodrest.②Youknow____Ineedisagoodrest.a.whatb.allwhatc.thatd.whichadca3.①MrSmithisoneofthoseforei-gnerswho____workinginChina.②MrSmithistheonlyoneofthoseforeignerswho____work-inginChina.a.isb.hasc.haved.are4.①Pisaisacity,____hasalean-ingtower.②Pisaisacity,____thereisaleaningtower.a.whichb.thatc.wheredaac5.①Thisistheplace____wevisit-edlastyear.②Thistheplace____weworkedlastyear.a.whichb.wherec.inthatd.there6.①Thenews________hetolduswasveryexciting.②Hetoldusthenews____ourteamhadwonthegame.a.whatb.asc.thatd.whichabc/dc