八下英语unitSection-A(1a-2d)1

Unit2I’llhelptocleanupthecitypark.SSectionA1a-2d1.Words&Expressions掌握重点单词、短语和句型2.Listening&Speaking训练听说能力STUDYINGGOAL学习目标重难点动词不定时做宾语、状语和宾语补足语；情态动词could表建议；动词短语。•Doyouwanttobeavolunteer?•Howcouldwehelppeople?Icouldhelpcleanupthecityparks.Icouldvisitsickchildreninthehospitalandcheerthemup.Icouldgiveoutfoodatthefoodbankstostophunger.Theycouldhelptocleantheyardsofthecommunity.Lookatthewaystheycouldhelppeople.Theycouldhelptokeepthebus-stopclean.I’dliketocheerupsickkids.Languagegoals:Howtoofferhelp.Keysentences:Ihopetoworkoutside.Youcouldhelptocleanupthecityparks.Newvocabularies:cleanup(打扫干净)hunger(饥)homeless(无家的)cheerup(使高兴起来)giveout(分发)A:I’dliketo___________________.B:Youcould________foodatthefoodbank.helphomelesspeoplegiveoutWhatelsecouldwedotohelppeople?helpchildrenwiththeirschoolwork.visittheoldinanoldpeople’shome.helpwatchthetraffic.giveouroldbooksto“HopeSchool”.…I’dliketoIhopetoIcouldIvolunteerto...Otherwaysyoucouldhelppeople____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________OtherwaysyoucouldhelppeopleHelptheoldtogoacrosstheroadGiveyourseattotheold,thechildren,orthewomanholdingababyAnyothers?Whatotherwaysyoucouldhelppeople?Justthinkandfillinthechart.Howwouldtheyliketohelppeople?I’dliketohelpkidswiththeirEnglish.I’dliketogiveoutfoodtothepoorpeople.I’dliketoputupsigns/notices.I’dliketohandoutadvertisements.I’dliketogiveahandinanoldpeople’shome！1b.Listenandnumberthewaystheboyandgirlcouldhelpothers._____Thegirlcouldvisitthesickkidsinthehospitaltocheerthemup._____Theboycouldgiveoutfoodatthefoodbank._____Thegirlcouldvolunteerinanafter-schoolstudyprogramtoteachkids._____Theboycouldhelptocleanupthecityparks.1234A:Ihopetoworkoutside.B:Youcouldgiveoutfoodatthefoodbanktohelpfeedthem.√√√√1.Weneedto_______________aplantotellpeopleaboutthecityparkclean-up.2.Clean-upDayisonlytwoweeksfromnow.Wecan’t_____________makingaplan.3.Wecould___________signs.4.Let’smakesomenotices,too.ThenI’ll____them________afterschool.5.Wecouldeach__________10studentsandaskthemtocome.putoffputuphandoutcallupcomeupwith2b.Listenagainandfillintheblanks.A:WeneedtocomeupwithaplanfortheCityParkClean-UpDay.B:Let’shavelunchfirst.A:No,weneedtostartnow.Clean-UpDayisonlytwoweeksfromnow.2c.Makeaconversationusingtheinformationin2aand2b.2d.Role-playtheconversation.Helen:Hi,Tom.I’mmakingsomeplanstoworkinanoldpeople’shomethissummerTom:Really?Ididthatlastsummer!Helen:Oh,whatdidtheyaskyoutohelpoutwith?Tom:Mm…thingslikereadingthenewspapertotheoldpeople,orjusttalkingtothem.Theytoldmestoriesaboutthepastandhowthingsusedtobe.Helen:Thatsoundsinteresting.Tom:Yeah,alotofoldpeoplearelonely.WeshouldlistentothemandcareforthemHelen:You’reright.Imean,we'reallgoingtobeoldoneday,too.1.Youcouldhelpcleanupthecitypark.help(to)do“帮助做……”。例如：Teacherscriticismshelpimproveourstudy.helpdo和helpdoinghelp后接不定式，可带to,也可不带to。help后可接动名词，但与helpdo的意思完全不同。helpdoing常用于否定句，与cannot连用，构成cannothelpdoing,表示“不禁；禁不住；不得不”的意思，相当于can’tbutdo.e.g.Ican’thelpthinkingso.2.Weneedtocomeupwithaplan.(1)need用作实义动词，有“必要”、“必需”之意，有人称、数和时态的变化，可以接名词、代词、动名词或带to的动词不定式作宾语，构成疑问句和否定句时要借助于助动词。e.g.Doyouneedtoseehimyourself?(2)need用作情态动词,意为“必须”、“必要”，没有人称、数的变化，后接不带to的动词不定式。通常用于疑问句和否定句中，构成疑问句和否定句时，不需要使用助动词。e.g.Needyougototheparkwithyourclassmate?(3)由need引出的疑问句，答语表肯定时用must或haveto；表示否定时用needn’t或don’thaveto。例如：A:NeedIcometoworktomorrow?B:Yes,youmust/haveto.3.Wecouldputupsigns.sign是名词，具体用法如下：(1)“标牌，招牌”。例如：thesignofbarber’sshop(2)“记号，符号”。(3)“示意动作”。例如：Theteachermadeasigntoustobequiet.(4)“迹象，征兆”。例如：Aredskyatsunsetisasignofgoodweather.1.Youcouldhelptocleanupthecityparks.1)could是情态动词can的过去式形式，表示过去的能力。它没有人称和数的变化，后面接动词原形。变否定句在could后加not,变一般疑问句把could提前。这个男孩七岁时就会骑自行车。Theboycouldrideabikewhenhewasseven.PractiseLanguagepoints【注意】在某些情况下，could并不表示过去，只是表示委婉、客气的语气。其肯定答语用：Sure./Certainly./Allright.等。否定答语用：Sorry./Sorry,Ican’t.等。A:Couldyoutellmeifheisastudent?你能告诉我他是不是学生吗？B:Sure.当然可以。【注意】如果在clean和up间加个连字符号，那么，它就是名词了，表示“扫除”。Youmustgiveyourclassroomagoodclean-up.你必须对教室进行彻底地打扫。2)cleanup是省去to的动词不定式，意为“（把……）打扫干净”、“梳理整齐”。Practise他必须每天把操场打扫得干干净净。Wemustcleanuptheplaygroundeverymorning.2.Weneedtocomeupwithaplanfor…我们必须想出一个计划。need是一个常见的动词，表示“需要”之意。它既可以作实义动词，也可以作情态动词。其具体用法如下：这个人在工作时需要一本英语词典。ThemanneedsanEnglishdictionarywhenheworks.你必需亲自见他吗？Doyouneedtoseehimyourself?1)need用作实义动词，有“必要”、“必需”之意，有人称、数和时态的变化，可以接名词、代词、动名词或带to的动词不定式作宾语，构成疑问句和否定句时要借助于助动词。Practise你必须和你的同学去公园吗？Needyougototheparkwithyourclassmate?他不必花掉这么多钱买这块新手表。Heneedn’tspendmuchmoneyforthisnewwatch.2)need用作情态动词，意为“必须”、“必要”，没有人称、数等变化，后接不带to的动词不定式。通常用于疑问句和否定句中，构成疑问句和否定句时，不需要使用助动词。PractiseA:NeedIcometoworktomorrow?明天我需要来上班吗?B:Yes,youmust/haveto.是的，你必须来。A:NeedIfinishtheworkatonce?我需要马上完成这项工作吗？B:No,youneedn’t/don’thaveto．不，不必今天完成。【注意】由need引出的疑问句，答语表肯定时用must或haveto；表示否定时用needn’t或don’thaveto。Revisethephraseslearnedinthissectionandtrytomakesentenceswiththem.