2023年中考英语首字母填空-词性判断课件

首字母填空-判断词性中考阅读专题知识梳理一首字母这一题型虽然归属在阅读部分中，但其实是对一个学生包括语法知识，词汇运用，上下文理解以及主旨把握在内的综合能力的考察。此题型在中考中每空2分，即使意思正确，但语法形式错误会有相应的扣分，请同学们一定要引起重视。在首字母填空题的做题中，成分分析、上下文逻辑、重点词汇和重点单词都是做题需要用到的技巧。一、首字母词性概述在本大题中，我们一般以考察实词（动词、形容词、副词、名词等）为主，虚词（介词、连词等）为辅。所考单词一般较为常见，且限定在教育考试院所发的词汇手册范围内，不会超纲，也基本不考察负面性的词汇。二、首字母中词性的判断1、句子缺动词：每个句子（包括从句及并列句）都应该有且仅有一个动词。例1：Youalln__________water.Alllivingthingsmusthavewater.答案：(need)例2：Hel__________inasmallroomneararestaurant.答案：(lives/lived)2、句子缺形容词：一般出现在系动词后或者名词（代词）前。例1：Heknewthathisgrandpawouldnolongerhavethepositiononthatcard,sohedecidedtogetan________oneforhisgrandpa.答案：（new）例2：--"Well,howmuchdoIgetpaid?"--"Asm________hugsasyouwant!"答案：（many）3、句子缺名词/代词：一般出现在主语（动词前）及宾语（动词后或者介词后）位置。例1：Apersoncan'tlivewithoutwaterformorethanafewd_________.答案：（days）例2：ChristopherwrotebacktellingJefftoforgetther_______ofthemoney.答案：（rest）4、句子缺副词：句子主要成分完整，且语义上修饰动词/形容词。一般出现在句首，句尾或者是句中实义动词前/助动词后。例1：Themancouldh___________believehisears.AdogsaidtohiminEnglish!答案：(hardly)例2：Shedoesn'tfeedmep___________andsheoftenbeatsmewhenshe'sinabadmood.答案：(properly)5、句子缺介词：一般出现在名词前或者是动词后。例1：Ididn'tthinkIhadapassion.Iwouldsitinf___________oftheTVallday.答案：（front）例2：Itwasamandressedi____________red.答案：（in）6、句子缺连词：句子中出现了两个谓语动词。例1：Theyturnedaroundb__________couldnotseeanything.答案：（but）例2：Theykeptrunningu__________theysawtheirbrother.答案：（until）三、首字母中词性判断常见问题1、名词的复数：如果需要填名词，那么一定要思考名词是否可数，是否需要变复数。例1：Marylivesonasmallisland,withjusttwentyh__________andashop.答案：（houses）例2：Iftheweatherisverybad,theb__________doesnotsailatall.答案：（boat）2、动词的第三人称单数：在一般现在时中要注意动词是否需要随人称而变化。例1：OnthosedaysMaryh___________todoherschoolworkathome.答案：(has)例2：Sheg_________toschoolonalargerislandnearby.答案：(goes)3、动词的过去式/过去分词：填写动词时要注意是否为一般过去时或者是完成时/被动。例1：Notlongago,Chinesescientistsputsomevegetableseedsintoaspaceshipands_________themintospace.答案：(sent)例2：Allofthespaceplantsg___________verywell.Theywerestrongerandlarger.答案：(grew)4、形容词/副词的级：填写形容词或者副词要注意观察是否有比较级或者最高级的标志或者是平行结构中需要对应比较级/最高级。例1：Theyalsodidab__________jobatfightingdiseasesthanregularplantsdo.答案：（better）例2：Ittakesabitl________whentheseaisrough.答案：（longer）5、介词的否定意义：主要考虑是否需要填写without及against两个表示否定含义的介词。例1：Manyscientistsarea_________theidea.答案：（against）例2：Wecan'tgow__________findingsomeonetotakecareofthebaby.答案：（without）6、助动词的肯否定：填写助动词时要注意是否需要变更为否定形式。例1：Youn___________worryaboutthetestresultifyougothroughthetexts.答案：（needn't）例2：Yous_________lietoyoumom.答案：（shouldn't）7、代词的格：填写代词是注意是否需要宾格或者是所有格形式。例1：Whoteachesy__________Englishthisterm?答案：（you）例2：Wecan'tfinishtheworkwithouth_________help.答案：（his）典型例题二1.Tianjinplanstostartasmartcityprogramtodealwitht___________jams.【分析】根据句意Tianjinplanstostartasmartcityprogramtodealwith...jam“天津打算启动一个智慧城市计划处理...堵塞”结合首字母为t，以及句中的关键词asmartcityprogram和jam可推知这个智慧城市计划和交通堵塞有关。【解答】traffic2.Whenwillyoucomeback,Dad?I'mm_________yousomuch.【分析】根据所给首字母提示结合语境Whenwillyoucomeback，Dad？推测句意是“爸爸，你什么时候回来呢？我非常想你”，表示“想念"用miss，并且根据设空前的系动词am结合句意判断用现在进行时，表一直在想念，现在进行时的构成是：主语+am/is/are+动词的现在分词；所以答案是：missing。【解答】missing。3.Mr.Kingisveryp_________.Heoftenexplainsdifficultproblemsmanytimesuntilweunderstand.【分析】考查形容词。结合语境“金先生很_______，他经常很多次的解释难题，直到我们理解为止。”及首字母提示，可知，应该是“受欢迎的/耐心的"。系表结构，填形容词。【解答】popular/patient。4.Youwillr_________awarmwelcomewhenyoucometoourvillage.【分析】考查动词。结合语境“到我们村来时，你会______热烈欢迎。及首字母提示，可知，应该是“接收到”。情态动词will后用动词原形。【解答】receive。5.Bobismucht__________now,thejeansheworelastyeararetooshort.【分析】考查比较级。结合语境“鲍伯现在个子_____多了，他去年穿的牛仔裤太短了。”及首字母提示，可知，much这里修饰比较级，更高的。用tall的比较级taller。【解答】taller。课堂练习三一、指出下列句子中所缺词的词性(一)1、Abusinessmanwasvery__________ofmusic.2、Helookedwithpity_________theirpalefaces.3、Thewidow_________walkedtothebankwithherdaughter.4、Thebanker___________askedhertowaitafewminutes.5、____________thepoorwidowfivehundreddollars.Keys：形容词，介词，副词，副词，动词（二）1、Abusinessmanwasveryfondofmusicandhewas________byapoorwidowtogivehersomehelp.2、Helookedwithpityintotheirpalefaces,andwassurethattheirsadstory_________true.3、Thewidowthankedtheman________shequicklywalkedtothebankwithherdaughter.4、Thebankerthenaskedhertowaitafewminutes_______hewenttoseethebusinessman.5、Givethepoorwidowfivehundreddollars,forsuchhonestyispoorly_____________.Keys：动词，动词，连词，连词，动词/形容词（三）1、Abusinessman,_________wasveryfondofmusic,wasaskedbyapoorwidowtogivehersomehelp.2、Helookedwithpityintotheirpalefaceswhich,infact,made_____believethattheirsadstorywastrue.3、Thewidowthankedthemanbeforeshequicklywalkedtothebankwithherdaughter,______stoppingtoreadthenote.4、Thebankerthenaskedhertowaitafewminutes,whilehewenttoseethebusinessman________gaveherthenote.5、Givethepoorwidowfivehundreddollars,forsuchhonestyispoorlyrewardedwith______thatsum.Keys：连词，名词/代词，介词，连词，副词二、指出下列句子中的错误(一)1、TheaccidentwasreportlastTuesday.2、Unluckily,thisbusinessmenfeltsotired.3、NationalDayiscome,thewholenationisfilledwithhappyatmosphere.4、Hisbrotherpracticehighjump.5、Lastsummerholidays,alotofmalestudentspretendnottonoticetherule.Keys:1、report→reported2、businessmen→businessman3、come→coming4、practice→practices/practiced5、pretend→pretended（二）1、ItisreportedthatlastTuesday,twoyoungtrafficpolicemanwasknockdown.2、Unluckily,thebusinessmanfeltsotiredthathesoonfallasleepwithtakinghisexpensivecamerainthetaxi.3、DuringtheNationalDay,thewholenationisfilledwithhappyatmosphere,streetfullofballoonsandredflag.4、BetweenJohnandhisbrotherwhopracticehighjump,hisbrotheristall.5、Lastsummerholidays,alotofmalestudentsandfemaleonepretendednottonoticetherulethatteenagersarenotallowtoentertheInternetcafé.Keys:1.policeman→policemen,was→were,knock→knocked2.fall→fell,with→without3.street→streets,flag→flags4.practice→practices,tall→taller5.one→ones,allow→allowed（三）1、ItisreportedthatlastTuesday,ayoungtrafficpolicemanwasknockeddownbyaccidentsandsendtothenearhospital.2、Unluckily,thebusinessmanfeltsotiredthathesoonfellasleepwithoutrealizethathehadleavehisluggages,speechmaterialandexpensivecamerainthetaxi.3、DuringtheNationalDay,thewholenationisfilledwithhappyatmosphere,streetsfullofballoonsandredflagsandalltheChinesehopesourmothercountrywillbecomeevenstrong.（三）4、Betweenheandhisbrotherwhopracticeshighjump,hisbrotheristaller,butamonghiscollegeclassmate,hisheightisthegreat.5、Lastsummerholidays,alotofmalestudentsandsomefemaleonespretendednottonoticetherulesontheboardthattheteenagerswhoareyoungthan18mustentertheInternetcafeandspendamountoftimeinit.Keys:1.accidents→accident,send→sent,near→nearest2.realize→realizing,leave→left,luggages→luggage3.hopes→hope,strong→stronger4.he→him,classmate→classmates,great→greatest5.spend→spent,rules→rule,young→younger,must→mustn't,amount→amounts三、首字母填空(A)ChristopherandJeffhadknowneachothersincechildhood.Oneday,Jefftoldhisfriendthathe'dfalleninloveandplannedtogetmarriedthen____1_____month.HeaskedChristophertolendhim$1,000fortheweddingparty,andpromisedtopayhimbackamonthlaterwhenhestartedhisnewjob.ChristopherknewthatJeffwasnotverygoodwithmoney,buthes____2____agreed.Astheywereoldfriends,theydidn'tputanythinginwriting.Amonthlater,Christopherhadn'theardfromJefforreceivedanymoney,s____3____hephonedhim.Jeffwasveryapologeticandsaidhewouldsurelypayhimbackwithinamonth.Sixweekslater,ChristophertriedtophoneJeffandf____4____hehadmovedandleftnolinkaddress.B___5____thistime,hewasangry.Thenonemonthlater,tohissurprise,Christopherreceivedacheck（支票）for$100fromJeffandalettergivinghisnewaddress.Heexplainedthathe'dbeenhavingmoneyp___6___,andwouldn'tbeabletopaybacktheremaining$900forsometime.ChristopherwrotebacktellingJefftoforgetther____7_____ofthemoneyandnevertoreachhimagainbymessageortelephone.Keys:1.next2.still3.so4.found5.By6.problem(s)7.rest(B)OneSundaymorning,MillieandAmywenttoSunshinePark.Theylovetochat（闲聊）there.Asusual，theysatunderthebigtree.Suddenly,theyheardawhisperfromthebushesbehindthetree.Theyturneda___1____butcouldnotseeanything.Theywerefrightened."Isanybodythere?"Millieasked.N____2____answered.Theylistenedverycarefullyandheardthestrangenoiseagain.Thetwogirlswereveryafraid.Theyranawayquickly.Ontheirw____3___,theymetAndy."Whathappened?"Andyasked."There'saghostinthepark.Pleasehelpus,"Milliesaid."R____4____?Tellmemore,"Andysaid.MillietoldAndyeverything.Andywenttothepark,stoodbesidethetreeandlistenedcarefully.Thenheheardthewhisper!Helookedbehindthetreeandheardanotherwhisper.Hewasnotsurethesoundcamefromthebushes.Hes____5____carefully."Oh!Hereitis,"Andysaidtohimself.Hefoundalittlecatinthebushes.Itwasveryweak.Whenitmeowed,itmadeasoundlikeawhisper.AndyputthelittlecatintoaboxandwenttofindMillieandAmy.Theyweres____6____frightened.Andyopenedtheboxandshowedthemthe"ghost"."Thisistheghostinthepark,"Andysaid.MillieandAmyweresurprised—itwasalittlecat!L____7_____thatday,theytookthelittlecattotheanimalcenter.Peopleintheanimalcenterwouldtakecareofit.Keys:1.around2.Nobody3.way4.Really5.searched6.still7.Later课后检测四一、指出下列句子中所缺词的词性1、________musicinAmericaiswhateverystudentlikes.2、Seriousmusicfortheconcerthallsis__________classicalmusic.3、Theygoabroadeverysummerfora__________ortwoandhavealotoffun.4、Herfather,acook,tookherintothe___________.5、Hehadgothisticketatthelastmoment,sohehadnotbeenableto_________hisseat.6、Parentsoftenget__________becauseoftheirtroubleintheirlives.7、Waittillyourparentcoolsoff,thentalkto_________orherinacalmtone.8、Onewinter,therewasaverybigflood,andalotofhouseswerewasheda________.9、In1678aFrenchmanbuiltagliderandflewit_________asmallbuilding.10、IhadtositinthefrontoftheclassroomsoIcould_________thelecture.11、Someparentsthinkthatspendingtoo_______timeusingacomputercanbeharmful,butthereistheoppositeofit.12、He________somechocolateinhismouth."Mmm,that'sgood,"hesaid.13、Mariawastoooldtoplay,_________shewasstillhappy.14、Annasharedherhousewithoneofthefamiliesthathadlosteverythingintheflood________itwaspossibleforthemtorebuildtheirownhouse.15、AssoonasIsetofffortheairport,itbegantorain__________.二、指出下列句子中的错误1、Everyonecanpassthetestaslongashepracticehard.2、Tomalwaystellwethesamethingswheneverhemeets.3、Willyoubringyournewbookhere?I'dliketohavealookonit.4、MoreundergroundrailwaywillbebuiltinShanghaiintheyearstocome.5、Drinktoomuchfruitjuicecanbeharmfultoteeth.6、Everydropofwatermustn'tbewastedbecauseitissoimportanttoallthelivingthing.7、JuliasangsoterriblethatIcouldn'tbelievemyears.8、Hedidtheworkasquicklyashecansoastogobackhomeearly.9、Themorequicklyhewalks,theearlyhewillgetthere.10、Theplanofourcountryisbasedonariseeconomy.11、Parentshavethegreatesteffectattheirchildren'sbehavior.12、Canyoushowmeanythingelse?13、Herlookedabitembarrassing.14、Ireadlovestoriesasanescapefromreal.15、Lindaoftenhelpsherparentswiththehouseworkaftermeal.三、首字母填空Musicisaninternationallanguage.PopularmusicinAmericaiswhateverystudentlikes.Studentsc____1____smallradioswithearphonesandlistentomusicbeforeclass,afterclassandatlunch.Studentswithcarsbuylargespeakersandplaymusic1____2___astheydriveonthestreet.Adultdriverslistentomusiconthecarradioastheydrivetowork.Theyalsolistentothen____3____aboutsports,theweather,andactivitiesofAmericanpeople.Mostoftheradioprogramsaremusic.Poporpopularmusicsingersmakemuchmoney.TheymakeCDsortapeswhichradiostartstouseineverystate.Oncethepopularsingerisheardalloverthecountry,youngpeoplebuyhisorhertape.Someofthem____4____fromthesetapescomestothesinger.Whereverthesingergoes,alltheyoungpeoplewanttomeethimorher.Nowthesingerhasbecomeanationals____5____.Thereareo___6____kindsofmusicthatareimportanttoAmericans.Oneiscalledfolkmusic.IthasstoriesaboutthecommonlifeofAmericans.Anotheriscalledwesternorcountrymusic.Thiswasdonebycowboys（牛仔）whowouldsingatnighttothecowstheywerewatching.Today,a____7___musicaboutcountrylifeandthelovebetweenacountryboyandhisgirliscalledwesternorcountrymusic.Seriousmusicfortheconcerthallsiscalledclassicalmusic.Musicforinstrumentsiscalledorchestramusic，suchasthesymphonies（交响乐）ofBeethoven.【参考答案】一、1-5形容词，动词，名词，名词，动词6-10形容词，代词，副词，介词，动词11-16形容词，动词，连词，连词，副词二、1.practice→practices2.we→us,tell→tells3.on→at4.railway→railways5.drink→Drinking6.thing→things7.terrible→Terribly8.can→could9.early→Earlier10.rise→rising11.at→on12.anything→something13.Her→She,embarrassing→embarrassed14.real→reality15.meal→meals三、carry,loudly,news,money,star,other,any谢谢