2018-届中考英语人教总复习课件：第三部分-中考题型指导第四节----短文填空-(共48张PPT)

目录contents题型突破真题分析真题分析高分特训题型突破目录contents题型突破“短文填空”的考查方式是给出一段200词左右的短文，在短文中挖出10个空，要求考生通读短文，掌握大意，然后补全短文，每空一词。其中所填的单词是中考英语考纲要求掌握的四会单词，主要以实词(名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、数词等)为主。2017年短文填空没有图片，难度较往年有所加大。主要考查以下几个方面的能力：(1)对上下文的理解和把握；(2)推测句子的真正含义以及根据生活常识进行判断；(3)逻辑推理能力；(4)对习惯用法和常用搭配的掌握情况，注意本题不是单纯考查语法知识；(5)在一定的语境中考查学生的语法知识、词汇知识和语用知识等的掌握情况。近几年短文填空有如下特点：(1)选材贴近生活。近几年均选用了通俗易懂、熟悉、地道的故事性语言材料，学生读起来容易理解故事情节。(2)考查重点突出，答案灵活。重点考查名词、动词、形容词、连词，其中对名词及动词相关时态的灵活运用考查较多，且答案多样化，充分考虑了学生思维的多样性。(3)难度较大，得分率较低。短文填空题历年来难度最大，要求学生在读懂原文的基础上，准确填写所缺的词，同时还要注意时态、语态、词形的变化，对学生的基本功要求很高，是令学生最头痛的考题。近几年此整题的平均分仅为3.96分，是考生失分最严重的题型。真题分析目录contents(2017·广东)短文填空(本大题有10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分)请用适当的词完成下面的短文，并把所缺单词填写在答题卡指定的位置上。每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。WhatwillhappenifafamilyiswithouttheInternetforamonth?OneAmericanfamilydecidestofindout.TheyhavesentaninvitationtoaleadingUStelevisionstation，expectingthatitwillsendafilmgrouptorecordtheirday-to-daylife71.__________technologyforamonth.Whenthefilmgroupmeet72.__________Smiths，theyfindthatMr.Smith，Mrs.Smithandtheirtwosonsaresocrazyabouttechnologythat73.__________hardlydothingstogether.Atmealtimes，noone74.__________atthediningtablefortheirfood.withoutthetheysits“Everyonejustrunsintothekitchen，takestheirfoodandthengoesbacktotheirscreen，”Mrs.Smithexplains.“75._____________wedon’tmakeachange，ourfamilywillbecomestrangerstoeachother!”GettingbacktothenormallifewithouttheInternetisnot76._____________，especiallywhentheSmithslosethemselvesinit.Theyhavetomakemany77._________.IfeasychangesForexample，thetwobrothershavetogototheschool78._________toborrowbooksfortheirscientificprojects，andMr.andMrs.Smithneedtogooutshoppingbecausetheycannotbuythings79._________.Asthefamilyhavepickedupthenewlifestyle，theyfindthattheycanspendmoretimetalkingovermeals，playingsportsanddoingall80._________ofactivitiestogether.WouldtheybeabletogoforlongwithoutusingtheInternetafterthechallenge?libraryonlinekinds【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了一个美国家庭为了改变一家人沉迷电子产品的现状，决定作出改变，回归没有网络的正常生活，并邀请美国一家主流电视台逐日记录他们一个月的生活。【答案详解】71.without考查介词。根据文章首句“WhatwillhappenifafamilyiswithouttheInternetforamonth?”可知这里填without。属于词语复现。72.the考查冠词。the+姓氏的复数，表示“……一家人或夫妻俩”。这里指史密斯一家人。73.they考查代词。从句中缺少主语，通读整个句子可知，这里指史密斯一家人，故填they。74.sits考查动词。根据“Atmealtimes，”可知应填sit，再根据主语是noone，可知应填第三人称单数形式。句意：在吃饭时间，没有一个人坐在饭桌旁吃饭。75.If考查连词。分析前后两个句子可知这是一个条件从句，前面句子是后面句子成立的条件，故用if引导。76.easy考查形容词。句意：回归没有网络的正常生活并不容易，尤其当史密斯一家都沉迷于网络的时候。easy容易的。77.changes考查名词。下文的举例都是跟原来的生活不一样的地方，是他们作出的改变，故填changes。78.library考查名词。根据空格后面的borrowbooks可知应填library。79.online考查副词。根据句中的cannot可知要与gooutshopping相对，再根据上文提到一家人都热衷于网络，故填online。buythingsonline网购。80.kinds考查固定搭配。allkindsof各种各样的。解题技巧目录contents解题技巧【学习方法】一、熟记单词。包括单词的形、音、义和词性，还要记住它的同义词、反义词，同时注意词形和词性的转变。请同学们熟记每个话题训练中教材梳理和话题基础知识的词汇以及《早读材料》中的考纲单词。二、熟记短语。注意短语的固定搭配和用法。请同学们熟记每个话题训练中教材梳理和话题基础知识的短语以及《早读材料》中的考纲短语。三、熟记句型。一定要记住句型的结构，分析句子成分。同学们要熟记教材中的重要句型。示例:1.四个“花费”①sb.+spend+时间/钱+onsth./(in)doingsth.②It+takes+sb.+时间+todosth.③物+cost+sb.+钱④sb.+pay+钱+forsth.2.It’ssaid+that+从句据说……3.so+形容词/副词+that+从句如此……以至于……4.too+形容词/副词+to+V原太……而不能……5.It’stimeforsb.todosth.是某人该做某事的时候了6.Let’s/Don’tdosth.让我们做/不要做……7.hadbetter(not)dosth.最好(不)做某事8.Whynot/Whydon’tyoudosth.?为什么不做某事?9.Would/Will/Couldyouplease(not)dosth.?请问你(不)做某事吗?10.How/Whatabout(doing)sth.?做某事怎么样?四、熟记易混词辨析。能够分辨词义相近而用法不同，或形式和意思相同，但词性或用法不同的词语。同学们在平时学习中对易混词要进行归纳总结。示例：1.quite相当quiet安静的2.sweet甜的sweat汗水3.later后来latter后者latest最近的4.abroad国外aboard上(船，飞机)5.chicken鸡kitchen厨房6.monkey猴子donkey驴7.drawn(draw的过去分词)drown溺水8.alone单独的lonely寂寞的9.metal金属medal勋章model模特10.except除外expect期望accept接受11.floor地板flour面粉12.incident事件accident意外13.March三月，前进match比赛14.story故事store商店【解题方法】同学们在平时的练习中可以采用以下方法多加练习。1.阅读全文，弄清大意。快速阅读全文，掌握大意，抓住关键词语和文章的主要线索，对要填的空格做到心中有数。在解题遇到困难的时候，不要仅仅盯着这一空，而是要读下去，因为后面的信息往往有助于对前面细节的理解，从而有利于对主题思想的领悟。2.先易后难，多方位考虑。个别空格填不出，也可以先做下面的题。做完较容易的题目之后，再集中精力思考那些难题。有的难题可能只知其意而不会写，这时要从多方位考虑。英语中一意多词表达法比较多，只要考生能根据词意填入正确的词即可。因此在明确空格词意后，可以把表达此意的有关的词在脑海中罗列出来，找出最好的和最有把握的词填进去，这样难度就大大地降低了。3.复读全文，检查验证。做完后，通读全文，判断初定的答案能否使全文连贯流畅，内容清晰完整，情节合乎逻辑，语义和语法正确，再检查全文的人称、时态、主谓语是否一致，还要注意所填单词是否要作词形变化：如名词是否要用复数，形容词是否要用比较级，动词是否要变时态。发现问题，及时更正。高分特训目录contents4(一)Longlongago，therewasawiseman71._____________WilliamTellinSwitzerland(瑞士).Hewas72._____________asanationalherobythepeopleinhiscountry.Atthattime，thekingofthecountrytreatedhispeoplebadly.Oneday，thekingthoughtofanewwaytomakefunofhispeople.called/namedregarded/considered/treatedHeputhishatonatreeand73.___________everypasser-bytobowtoit.Peoplehadtodothis74._____________theydidn’tdaretosaynototheking.Oneday，whenWilliamTellandhissonpassed75._____________thetree，theywalkedpastwithout76._____________.ThekingwasveryangryandcaughtTellandhisson，andputanappleontheheadofhisson.asked/forced/orderedbecausebybowingHesaidhewouldset77._____________freeifTellcouldshoottheappledown.Telltooktwoarrows(箭)inhishand.Asecondlater，anarrowhittheappleandTell’ssonwasnothurtatall.AsTellhuggedhissonandwantedtoleave，thekingsaid，“Youarewonderful.Buttellme，78._____________didyoutaketwoarrowsoutwhenyouonlyneededone?”Telllookedatthekingandsaid，themwhy“Ifthe79._____________arrowhadmissedtheappleandkilledmyson，thesecondarrowwouldshootyou.”AfterhearingTell’swords，thekingwassoafraid80._____________hedidn’tdaretomakefunofhispeopleanymore.firstthat(二)WhenIwassmall，mymumusedtogivethefamilysomethingspecialformeals.Sheonceputsomeburntbreadinfrontofmydad.71._____________mysurprise，mydadjusttookhisbread，smiledatmymumandthenturnedtoaskme72.__________mydayatschoolwas.I’veforgottenwhatItoldhimthatnight，butIdorememberwatchinghimputsomebutteronthatbread.TohowHe73._____________itupasusual.Afterdinner，mymumsaidsorrytomydadforburningthebread.AndIwillneverforgetwhathesaid，“I74._____________burntbread，dear.Itdoesn’tmatteratall.”Thatnight，Iaskeddadifhereallylikedhisbreadburnt.Hetookmeinthearmsandsaid，“Yourmumworkedvery75._____________allday.She’sreallytired.Andyousee—abitofburntfoodneveratelove/likehardhurtsNowIknowlifeisnotperfect.Nobodyisperfect，either.Asforme，Ioftenforgetbirthdaysorsomeotherspecial77.__________.ButI’velearnedsomethingimportantovertheseyears.Whatwereallyneedistheunderstandingofeachother，whetherbetweena78._________andwife，aparentandchildorjustbetweentwofriends.Thisis79._____keytoahappylife.dayshusbandtheSodon’tgetangryifthebreadgetsburnt.Remember，burntbreadneverhurtsanyone.Be80.____________________tothosearoundyouandahappierlifewillsurelycomeclosertoyou.kind/friendly/thankful(三)OnecoolApril22morning，peoplestartedthedayasusual.Yetitwasnotanormalday.What’ssospecialaboutApril22?Theanswerissimple.ItisEarthDay.Peopleall71.____________theworldcelebratethisimportantday.TheideaofhavingaspecialdaytocelebrateEarthbegan72.___the1960s.Lifewasverydifferentthen.over/aroundinFewpeopletalkedoreventhoughtabouttheenvironment.Mostpeoplehadnoideahowdirtyourairandwater73.__________.OnApril22，1970，twentymillionAmericans74._________partinthefirstEarthDayactivities.Theyshowedthatpeoplereallydidwanttodosomethingabouttheenvironment.Sincethenmanycountrieshavepassedlawsto75._____________theair，water，landandanimals.weretookprotectThevehiclessuchascarsandbusesmustpassteststomakesurethattheydon’tcausetoo76._______pollution.Thankstothelaws，carstodayrelease(排放)abouthalfasmanybadchemicalsascarsdidin1970.Asa77.__________，theairiscleanerthanitoncewas.Riversandlakesarealso78.__________todaythanbefore.It’sagoodthing.muchresultcleanerTheLianjiangRiverwassopolluted79._____________rubbishwasontheriver！Today，theriveriscleaner.Itisnolongerdirty.It’shealthyenoughforbirds，fish，andotheranimals.Nowthecelebrationhasspreadtoothercountries.Morethan175countriescelebrateiteachyear.Weshould80._____________ourbesttohelpkeepourplanethealthy.thattry/do(四)Nowadays，manypeoplelovetravelingoutsideChina.Mikeisoneofthem.Hehasbeentomany71._____________，suchasJapan，England，Americaandsoon.ButhelikesAmericabest.Itwashisfirsttimetogothere.Andhefeltreallyexcited.It72._____________himmanydaystoprepareforthetrip.countriestookWhenhegotto73._____________，hewenttohishostfamily.Hishostparentswerereallykind.They74._____________deliciousfoodforhimandtookhimtoshop.Onthewaytotheshoppingmall，hefoundthatthe75._____________inAmericawasbusy.However，noonebrokethetrafficrules.Atthattime，hewasbusy76._____________gamesonthephonewhilewalking.AmericacookedtrafficplayingHeknockedintoaboyand77.__________boyfelldownonthefloor.Hethoughttheboywouldbe78.__________withhim.Tohissurprise，theboysaid，“It’sOK.Notyourfault.”Mikewassoshockedthathecouldnotsay79._____________.theangryanythingHethinkstheboyismorepolitethanmostofus.Whenteenagersandsomeadultshaveproblemswithothers，theydon’toftensaysorrytoeachother.Instead，theyfightorshout.Theyreallyneedtolearntobepoliteandalwayspardon(宽容)others.Theyshouldlearn80._____________thelittleboy.from(五)Formanypeople，itisagoodideatokeepapetdog.Why?Therearelotsof71._________forthis.First，dogsarereallycuteandit’swonderfulforownerstoseethemgrowingupquicklyand72._________friendswiththem.73.___________，wecandevelopoursenseofdutybykeepingdogs.Wehavetofeedthem，trainthemandplaywiththem，reasonsmakeSecond74._________allthesehelpusbecomemoreresponsiblepeople.Besides，youngpeoplecanlearnhowtocareforothersfromkeepingdogs.Onthe75._____________hand，somepeoplehavepointedoutproblemswithkeepingapetdog.Petdogscreatemess.76._____________leavefurandhaironthefloor，onbedsandonsofas，andotherTheyandtheyneedtobewashedoften.Dogsarenoisy.Afewdogsbarkatnight.This77.____________________peoplefromgettinganysleep.Notalldogsarefriendly.78.__________smallnumberofdogsevenhurtpeople.What’smore，manydogownersliveinflats.Theyhavenochoicebuttokeeptheirdogsinsmallspaces.79._____________，stops/prevents/keepsAHoweverdogsneedfreshairandopenspacestorunfree.Finally，owningdogscanbe80._____________.Youmustpaymuchfordogfoodandvisitingtheanimaldoctor.expensive谢谢观看！