国际贸易术语解释通则2010之FOB(中英对照版)

('FREEONBOARD船上交货FOB(insertnamedportofshipment)Incoterms2010船上交货（…指定装运港）GUIDANCENOTE序言Thisruleistobeusedonlyforseaorinlandwaterwaytransport.该术语仅适用于海运或内河运输。“FreeonBoard”meansthatthesellerdeliversthegoodsonboardthevesselnominatedbythebuyeratthenamedportofshipmentorprocuresthegoodsalreadysodelivered.Theriskoflossofordamagetothegoodspasseswhenthegoodsareonboardthevessel,andthebuyerbearsallcostsfromthatmomentonwards.“FreeonBoard”是指当卖方在指定的装运港将货物运至买方指定的船上或取得已按此送交的货物，即完成交货。当货物已运至船上时，货物灭失或损坏的风险发生转移，买方自那时起承担一切费用。Thesellerisrequiredeithertodeliverthegoodsonboardthevesselortoprocuregoodsalreadysodeliveredforshipment.Thereferenceto“procure”herecatersformultiplesalesdownachain(‘stringsales’),particularlycommoninthecommoditytrades.卖方必须将货物运到船上或取得已按此送交准备发运的货物。这里的“取得”适合于多层次链条式销售（线性销售），在商品销售中尤为普遍。FOBmaynotbeappropriatewheregoodsarehandedovertothecarrierbeforetheyareonboardthevessel,forexamplegoodsincontainers,whicharetypicallydeliveredataterminal.Insuchsituations,theFCAruleshouldbeused.FOB不适用于货物在装船之前移交给承运人的情况，比如集装箱内的货物通常在目的地交付。在这种情况下，应使用FCA术语。FOBrequiresthesellertoclearthegoodsforexport,whereapplicable.However,thesellerhasnoobligationtoclearthegoodsforimport,payanyimportdutyorcarryoutanyimportcustomsformalities.FOB要求在需要办理海关手续时由卖方负责货物出口清关。然而，卖方并没有义务办理货物进口清关、负担任何进口关税或办理任何进口海关手续。ATHESELLER’OBLIGATIONS卖方义务A1Generalobligationsoftheseller卖方基本义务Thesellermustprovidethegoodsandthecommercialinvoiceinconformitywiththecontractofsaleandanyotherevidenceofconformitythatmayberequiredbythecontract.AnydocumentreferredtoinA1-A10maybeanequivalentelectronicrecordorprocedureifagreedbetweenthepartiesorcustomary.卖方必须提供符合销售合同规定的货物和商业发票以及按照合同约定必需的有同等作用的其他任何凭证。以及经当事人同意或根据交易习惯在A1-A10中提到的任何有同等作用的电子记录或程序的凭证。A2Licences,authorizations,securityclearancesandotherformalities许可，授权，安全许可和其他正式手续Whereapplicable,thesellermustobtain,atitsownriskandexpense,anyexportlicenceorotherofficialauthorizationandcarryoutallcustomsformalitiesnecessaryfortheexportofthegoods.在需要办理清关手续时，卖方必须承担风险和费用获得任何出口许可或其他官方授权，办理货物出口所需的一切海关手续。A3Contractsofcarriageandinsurance运输合同和保险合同a)Contractofcarriage运输合同Thesellerhasnoobligationtothebuyertomakeacontractofcarriage.However,ifrequestedbythebuyerorifitiscommercialpracticeandthebuyerdoesnotgiveaninstructiontothecontraryinduetime,thesellermaycontractforcarriageonusualtermsatthebuyer’sriskandexpense.Ineithercase,thesellermaydeclinetomakethecontractofcarriageand,ifitdoes,shallpromptlynotifythebuyer.卖方没有义务为买方订立运输合同。但若买方要求，或者如果是商业惯例而买方未适时给予卖方相反指示，则卖方可按照通常条件订立运输合同，费用和风险由买方承担。在任何一种情况下，卖方都可以拒绝订立此合同；如果拒绝，则应立即通知买方。b)Contractofinsurance保险合同Thesellerhasnoobligationtothebuyertomakeacontractofinsurance.However,thesellermustprovidethebuyer,atthebuyer’srequest,risk,andexpense(ifany),withinformationthatthebuyerneedsforobtaininginsurance.卖方没有义务为买方订立保险合同。但应买方要求并由其承担风险和费用，卖方必须提供给买方办理保险所需的相关信息。A4Delivery交货Thesellermustdeliverthegoodseitherbyplacingthemonboardthevesselnominatedbythebuyerattheloadingpoint,ifany,indicatedbythebuyeratthenamedportofshipmentorbyprocuringthegoodssodelivered.Ineithercase,thesellermustdeliverthegoodsontheagreeddateorwithintheagreedperiodandinthemannercustomaryattheport.Ifnospecificloadingpointhasbeenindicatedbythebuyer,thesellermayselectthepointwithinthenamedportofshipmentthatbestsuitsitspurpose.卖方必须将在买方指定的装运港，在买方指定的装运地点，在约定日期或期限内，按照该港习惯方式将货物交至买方指定的船上或取得已交运的货物。若买方没有指定具体交货点，那么卖方可选择指定装运港内最适合其目的的交货点。A5Transferofrisks风险转移ThesellerbearsallrisksoflossofordamagetothegoodsuntiltheyhavebeendeliveredinaccordancewithA4withtheexceptionoflossordamageinthecircumstancesdescribedinB5.除B5规定者外，卖方必须承担货物灭失或损坏的一切风险，直至已按照A4规定交货为止。A6Allocationofcosts费用划分Thesellermustpay卖方必须支付：a)allcostsrelatingtothegoodsuntiltheyhavebeendeliveredinaccordancewithA4,otherthanthosepayablebythebuyerasenvisagedinB6;andb)whereapplicable,thecostsofcustomsformalitiesnecessaryforexport,aswellasallduties,taxesandotherchargespayableuponexport.除按照B6规定应由买方支付的费用外，卖方必须支付与货物有关的一切费用，直至已按照A4规定交货为止；在需要办理海关手续时，货物出口应办理的海关手续费用及出口应交纳的一切关税、税款和其他费用。A7Noticestothebuyer通知买方Thesellermust,atthebuyer’sriskandexpense,givethebuyersufficientnoticeeitherthatthegoodshavebeendeliveredinaccordancewithA4orthatthevesselhasfailedtotakethegoodswithinthetimeagreed.在货物已按照A4规定交付或在约定时间内船舶未能接收货物时，卖方必须给予买方充分通知，由买方承担风险和费用。A8Deliverydocument交货凭证Thesellermustprovidethebuyer,attheseller’sexpense,withtheusualproofthatthegoodshavebeendeliveredinaccordancewithA4.Unlesssuchproofisatransportdocument,thesellermustprovideassistancetothebuyer,atthebuyer’srequest,riskandexpense,inobtainingatransportdocument.卖方必须自担费用向买方提供证明已按照A4规定交货的通常单据。如果这些凭证不是运输单据，应买方要求并由其承担风险和费用，卖方必须给予买方协助以取得运输单据。A9Checking–packaging–marking查对、包装、标记Thesellermustpaythecostsofthosecheckingoperations(suchascheckingquality,measuring,weighing,counting)thatarenecessaryforthepurposeofdeliveringthegoodsinaccordancewithA4,aswellasthecostsofanypre-shipmentinspectionmandatedbytheauthorityofthecountryofexport.Thesellermust,atitsownexpense,packagethegoods,unlessitisusualfortheparticulartradetotransportthetypeofgoodssoldunpackaged.Thesellermaypackagethegoodsinthemannerappropriatefortheirtransport,unlessthebuyerhasnotifiedthesellerofspecificpackagingrequirementsbeforethecontractofsaleisconcluded.Packagingistobemarkedappropriately.卖方必须支付按照A4规定为了将货物交给买方处置所需进行的查对费用（如查对货物品质、丈量、过磅、点数的费用）以及出口国有关当局在装运前强制检验的费用。卖方必须自付费用包装货物，除非按照相关行业惯例，所售类型的货物通常无需包装发运。卖方应该按照有关货物运输所要求的方式包装货物，除非买方在订立合同前已经通知卖方特殊的包装要求。包装应作适当标记。A10Assistancewithinformationandrelatedcosts信息协助及相关费用Thesellermust,whereapplicable,inatimelymanner,providetoorrenderassistanceinobtainingforthebuyer,atthebuyer’srequest,riskandexpense,anydocumentsandinformation,includingsecurity-relatedinformation,thatthebuyerneedsfortheimportofthegoodsand/orfortheirtransporttothefinaldestination.ThesellermustreimbursethebuyerforallcostsandchargesincurredbythebuyerinprovidingorrenderingassistanceinobtainingdocumentsandinformationasenvisagedinB10.应买方要求并由其承担风险和费用，在需要办理清关手续时，卖方必须给予买方一切及时的协助，以帮助其取得包括买方为进口货物和/或为使货物运输到最终目的地所需的有关货物安全信息在内的任何凭证和信息。卖方必须偿付买方按照B10规定在卖方获得相关凭证和信息时给予协助所发生的费用。BTHEBUYER’OBLIGATIONS买方义务B1Generalobligationsofthebuyer买方基本义务Thebuyermustpaythepriceofthegoodsasprovidedinthecontractofsale.买方必须按照销售合同规定支付价款。AnydocumentreferredtoinB1-B10maybeanequivalentelectronicrecordorprocedureifagreedbetweenthepartiesorcustomary.以及经当事人同意或根据交易习惯在B1-B10中提到的任何有同等作用的电子记录或程序的凭证。B2Licences,authorizations,securityclearancesandotherformalities许可，授权，安全许可和其他正式手续Whereapplicable,itisuptothebuyertoobtain,atitsownriskandexpense,anyimportlicenceorotherofficialauthorizationandcarryoutallcustomsformalitiesfortheimportofthegoodsandfortheirtransportthroughanycountry.在需要办理清关手续时，由买方自担风险和费用获得任何进口许可或其他官方授权，并负责办理货物进口和从他国过境的一切海关手续。B3Contractsofcarriageandinsurance运输合同和保险合同a)Contractofcarriage运输合同Thebuyermustcontract,atitsownexpenseforthecarriageofthegoodsfromthenamedportofshipment,exceptwherethecontractofcarriageismadebythesellerasprovidedforinA3a).买方必须自付费用订立自指定装运港运输货物的合同，卖方按照A3a）订立了运输合同时除外。b)Contractofinsurance保险合同Thebuyerhasnoobligationtothesellertomakeacontractofinsurance.买方没有义务为卖方订立保险合同。B4Takingdelivery受领货物ThebuyermusttakedeliveryofthegoodswhentheyhavebeendeliveredasenvisagedinA4.买方必须在卖方按照A4规定交货时，受领货物。B5Transferofrisks风险转移ThebuyerbearsallrisksoflossofordamagetothegoodsfromthetimetheyhavebeendeliveredasenvisagedinA4.买方必须承担自按照A4规定交货之时起货物灭失或损坏的一切风险；Ifa)thebuyerfailstonotifythenominationofavesselinaccordancewithB7;or如果买方未按照B7规定就指定的船只给予卖方相应通知；b)thevesselnominatedbythebuyerfailstoarriveontimetoenablethesellertocomplywithA4,isunabletotakethegoods,orclosesforcargoearlierthanthetimenotifiedinaccordancewithB7;then,thebuyerbearsallrisksoflossofordamagetothegoods:(i)fromtheagreeddate,orintheabsenceofanagreeddate,(ii)fromthedatenotifiedbythesellerunderA7withintheagreedperiod,or,ifnosuchdatehasbeennotified,(iii)fromtheexpirydateofanyagreedperiodfordelivery,providedthatthegoodshavebeenclearlyidentifiedasthecontractgoods.或当自约定的交货日期或并未约定日期；自买方按照A7规定指定的约定期限内的日期起或买方并未指定该日期；或自交货期限届满之日起（但以该项货物已正式划归合同项下为限），买方指定的船只未能按时到达致使卖方未能按照A4规定交货，或未能接收货物或较按照B7通知的时间提早停止运输货物，买方承担货物灭失或损坏的一切风险。B6Allocationofcosts费用划分Thebuyermustpay买方必须支付：a)allcostsrelatingtothegoodsfromthetimetheyhavebeendeliveredasenvisagedinA4,except,whereapplicable,thecostsofcustomsformalitiesnecessaryforexport,aswellasallduties,taxesandotherchargespayableuponexportasreferredtoinA6b);自按照A4规定交货之时起与货物有关的一切费用，以及在需要办理海关手续时，货物出口所需办理海关手续的费用和按照A6b)规定在货物出口时应交纳的一切关税、税款和其他费用b)anyadditionalcostsincurred,eitherbecause:(i)thebuyerhasfailedtogiveappropriatenoticeinaccordancewithB7,or(ii)thevesselnominatedbythebuyerfailstoarriveontime,isunabletotakethegoods,orclosesforcargoearlierthanthetimenotifiedinaccordancewithB7,providedthatthegoodshavebeenclearlyidentifiedasthecontractgoods;and在买方未能按照B7规定给予卖方适当通知，或买方指定的船只未能按时到达，或未能接收货物，或较按照B7通知的时间提早停止运输货物时，买方应承担所发生的一切额外费用，但以该项货物已正式划归合同项下为限。c)whereapplicable,allduties,taxesandothercharges,aswellasthecostsofcarryingoutcustomsformalitiespayableuponimportofthegoodsandthecostsfortheirtransportthroughanycountry.在需要办理海关手续时，货物进口应交纳的一切关税、税款和其他费用，以及办理海关手续的费用和从他国过境的费用。B7Noticestotheseller通知卖方Thebuyermustgivethesellersufficientnoticeofthevesselname,loadingpointand,wherenecessary,theselecteddeliverytimewithintheagreedperiod.买方必须就指定船只名称、装运点和必要时约定期限内的指定交货时间给予卖方充分通知。B8Proofofdelivery交货证明ThebuyermustaccepttheproofofdeliveryprovidedasenvisagedinA8.买方必须接受卖方按照A8规定所提供的交货证明。B9Inspectionofgoods货物检验Thebuyermustpaythecostsofanymandatorypre-shipmentinspection,exceptwhensuchinspectionismandatedbytheauthoritiesofthecountryofexport.买方必须支付任何装运前强制检验的费用，包括出口国有关当局强制进行的检验。B10Assistancewithinformationandrelatedcosts信息协助及相关费用Thebuyermust,inatimelymanner,advisethesellerofanysecurityinformationrequirementssothatthesellermaycomplywithA10.ThebuyermustreimbursethesellerforallcostsandchargesincurredbythesellerinprovidingorrenderingassistanceinobtainingdocumentsandinformationasenvisagedinA10.Thebuyermust,whereapplicable,inatimelymanner,providetoorrenderassistanceinobtainingfortheseller,attheseller’srequest,riskandexpense,anydocumentsandinformation,includingsecurity-relatedinformation,thatthesellerneedsforthetransportandexportofthegoodsandfortheirtransportthroughanycountry.买方必须及时通知卖方以便其按照A10规定提供任何必要的安全信息。买方必须偿付卖方按照A10规定在买方获得相关凭证和信息时给予协助所发生的费用。应卖方要求并由其承担风险和费用，在需要办理清关手续时，买方必须给予卖方一切及时的协助，以帮助其取得包括卖方为货物运输和出口和必要时从他国过境所需的有关货物安全信息在内的任何凭证和信息。',)