2018-届中考英语人教总复习课件：第一部分-语法精讲精练第一节----名词-(共97张PPT)

目录contents中考导航考点突破课堂小测中考模拟演练中考导航目录contents考点广东省卷近五年中考统计高频考点201320142015201620171.可数名词及其单复数√√★★☆2.不可数名词√√★★☆考点广东省卷近五年中考统计高频考点201320142015201620173.名词所有格√★☆☆4.专有名词☆☆☆考情分析：从近五年广东中考考查情况来看，名词是每年的必考点，单选题每年均考查其中的一个考点，可数名词及其单复数、不可数名词是考查的重点。2018年备考时应掌握好名词的各个考点，对可数名词及其单复数尤应重视。名词辨析是完形填空中的考查重点，近几年每年均考查2题以上，同学们要进行重点突破。考点突破目录contents考点突破名词是表示人、事物、地方、现象或抽象概念名称的词。从名词所表示的事物的性质看，可以分为可数名词和不可数名词两类。可数名词有复数形式，不可数名词一般没有复数形式。从名词的类别看，个体名词和集体名词是可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词是不可数名词。可数名词的单数形式一般可以用不定冠词(a，an)修饰；不可数名词一般不能用考点1可数名词及其单复数(★★☆)1.概念：一般来说，所表示的事物或人可以用数目来计算的名词，称为可数名词。2.可数名词的复数形式的构成(2016、2015广东中考)构成例词规则变化一般情况下，直接在名词后加-schair→chairs，boy→boys，symbol→symbols以s，x，sh，ch结尾的名词glass→glasses，box→boxes，构成例词规则变化以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，变y为i，再加-esbaby→babies，city→cities以f(e)结尾的词，变f(e)为v，再加-esleaf→leaves，knife→knives，shelf→shelves，life→lives不规则变化改变单数名词中的元音字母man→men，foot→feet，tooth→teeth单复数形式相同sheep→sheep，deer→deer其他形式mouse→mice，child→children，ox→oxen3.以o结尾的名词变为复数时，一般表示无生命含义的词加“s”，表示有生命含义的词加“es”，读［z］。如:photo→photos，piano→pianos，two→twoshero→heroes，tomato→tomatoes，potato→potatoes4.个别名词单数形式和复数形式是一样的。如:sheep，deer，fish，Chinese等。(2012广东中考)5.“某国人”变复数口诀：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面。如：Chinese→Chinese，Japanese→Japanese；Englishman→Englishmen，Frenchman→Frenchmen；American6.集体名词:表示由若干个体组成的集合体。如:family，class，team，group，army等。集体名词作主语，如视为整体，谓语动词用单数。如视为个体成员，谓语动词用复数。如:Ourteamneedsmoneytoplayinanothercity.我们队需要钱去另一个城市比赛。8.由两个名词组成的复合名词常在最后一个名词变复数。如：agirlstudent→twogirlstudentsanappletree→fiveappletrees但如果第一个名词是man或woman时，两个名词都要变复数。如：awomanteacher→tenwomenteachersamannurse→threemennurses母题训练中考预测()1.(2016广东)Thebroken______maycutintoyourhandifyoutouchit.Youshouldbecareful.A.glassB.glassesC.candleD.candles()6.—Therearealotof______ofbikeriding.—Iagree.It’sgoodforenvironmentanditsavesmoney.A.productsB.advantagesC.instrumentsAB()2.(2015广东)MickeyMouseisoneofthemostfamous______inAmerican______.A.symbol；cultureB.symbol；culturesC.symbols；cultureD.symbols；()7.—Whatagood______you’vegivenme!Thanksalot.—Mypleasure.A.informationB.newsC.suggestionD.adviceCC()3.(2012广东)ThestudentsofGrade7visitedMike’sfarmandsawmany______there.A.birdB.duckC.sheepD.rabbit()8.Mysisterhasapenpal.Sheisfrom______.A.CanadaB.JapaneseC.EnglishD.AustralianCA()4.(2011广东)—Ihearyourunforhalfanhoureveryday.—Right，wehaveto.Itisoneofthe______inourschool.A.rulesB.plansC.hobbiesD.choices()9.Myfatherlovesfishing.It’soneofhis______.A.hobbiesB.hobbyC.ahobbyD.somehobbiesAA()5.(2010广东)Look!Thekitesintheskyareindifferent______.Somearebigandsomearesmall.A.sizeB.sizesC.colourD.colours()10.Couldyougivesome______tothe______teachers?A.advice；manB.advices；menC.suggestion；manD.suggestions；menBD考点2不可数名词(★★☆)1.概念：物质名词和抽象名词无法用数目来计算，称为不可数名词。不可数名词通常无复数形式。2.在没有量词的情况下，不可数名词前不能用a，an这两个不定冠词。3.不可数名词的量不可数名词要表示“一件”“一个”等量的概念时，要用“数词+表示数量的名词+of+名词”来表示。如：apieceofpaper(一张纸)twopiecesofpaper(两张纸)acupoftea(一杯茶)fivecupsoftea(五杯茶)abottleofjuice(一杯果汁)fourbottlesofjuice(四杯果汁)4.某些名词，表示物质或抽象概念时是不可数的，而在表示个体概念时是可数的。如:(2017、2013广东中考)Aglassismadeofglass.玻璃杯是由玻璃制成的。(句中的第一个glass是玻璃杯，是个体名词，是可数的。第二个glass意思是玻璃，是物质名词，就是不可数的了。)具体列表如下:名词可数不可数paper报纸、试卷、论文纸张weight砝码，秤砣体重orange橘子橘汁room房间空间chicken小鸡鸡肉fish鱼鱼肉exercise练习锻炼母题训练中考预测()1.(2017广东)Danielhastriedtolose______byeatinglessrecently，buttwokiloshasbeenputoninstead.A.weightB.weightsC.heightD.heights()3.Howmany______hastheteachergivenyouonhowtolearnEnglishwell？A.advicesB.piecesofadvicesC.adviceD.piecesofadviceAD()2.(2013广东)—Mum，I’veheardthatwecan’teat______thesedays.Isittrue?—Takeiteasy.Itissafetoeatcookedmeat.A.chickenB.chickens()4.Thereisn’tany______inthefridge.Weneedtogoshopping.A.orangesB.milkC.eggsD.applesAB考点3名词所有格(★☆☆)名词所有格用来表示名词和名词之间的所属关系。1.’s所有格形式的构成。(2014广东中考)(1)单数名词后加’s，其读音与名词复数结尾的读音相同，如：thegirl’sfather女孩的父亲。(2)以s结尾的复数名词后加’，如：twohours’walk两个小时的步行。2.表示有生命名词的所有格，单数形式是加’s，复数形式加s’，如:students’rooms，father’sshoes。3.表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格用s’，如:atwentyminutes’walk，tenmiles’journey，twopounds’weight，tendollars’worth。4.无生命名词的所有格则用of结构，如:amapofChina，theendofthisterm，thecapitalofourcountry。5.表示共同所有的名词，只需在最后一个名词后加’s，如：TomandMike’sroom表示汤姆和迈克共有的一间房。表示分别所有的名词，需在每个名词后都加’s，如：Mary’sandJenny’sbikes表示玛丽和6.双重所有格，如：afriendofmymother’s我妈妈的一个朋友apictureofTom’s汤姆的一张图片7.表示商铺、某人的家、诊所或餐馆等的名词所有格，其后的名词可以省略。如：atmyuncle’s在我叔叔的家里atthedoctor’s在医生的诊所里巧学妙记名词所有格，某物是“谁的”。构成有方法，多数把’s加。复数词尾有s，只加“’”即可。名词无生命，常把of用。时间、地点和距离，所有格8.可用’s或of短语表示的名词所有格。如：theboy’sname=thenameoftheboy男孩的名字thedog’slegs=thelegsofthedog狗的腿China’spopulation=thepopulationofChina中国的人口China’scapital=thecapitalofChina中国的首都母题训练中考预测()1.(2014广东)Katherinewasexcitedtoreceiveadozenofrosesfromherhusbandon______Day.A.WomanB.WomenC.Woman’s()3.Tomorrowis______.Thestudentswanttobuysomeflowersfortheirteachers.A.TeacherDayB.Teacher’sDayC.Teachers’DayD.theTeachersDayDC()2.(2008广东)______mothersbothworkinthesamehospital.A.TimandPeter’sB.Tim’sandPeterC.Tim’sandPeter’sD.TimandPeter()4.Thisis______computer.A.Ann’sandTomB.AnnandTom’sC.AnnandTomD.Ann’sandTom’sCB考点4专有名词(☆☆☆)专有名词用来指具体的人、地点、日子或物体的专有名称。其特点是：第一个字母大写，无复数形式。专有名词大致有以下几种：1.人名、地名、国名。如：MarySmith；America；Mount2.组织、团体、机构、报刊。如：theUnitedNations(联合国)；People’sDaily(《人民日报》)；BeijingUniversity(北京大学)3.时间、语言、月份、节日。如：SpringFestival(春节)；中考预测()1.TheBritishcelebrate______，whichisoneoftheirtraditionalfestivals.Kidsareexcitedaboutthepresentshiddeninthestockings(长筒袜).A.theSpringFestivalB.NewYear’sDay()2.TheyareallAmericancitiesEXCEPT______.A.BerlinB.NewYorkC.LosAngelesD.ChicagoCA考点5名词辨析(★★★)1.cloth，clothes，clothing与dress(1)cloth指“布”“布料”。(2)clothes指具体的衣服，包括内衣、外衣，不能与数词连用。(3)clothing是服装的总称，包括内衣、外衣，还包括帽子、鞋袜、手套之类，只用单数，(4)dress作不可数名词时，指外衣，尤指社交场合穿的服装。作可数名词时，常指连衣裙。练习:①adish______②Iwanttobuysports______.③Nowpeopleareallintheirwinterclothclothesclothingdress2.dinner与meal(1)dinner是指“正餐(午饭或晚饭)”或“宴会”。(2)meal是指“一餐(一顿饭)”。练习:①Let’sgoandhave______together.dinnermeals3.sound，voice，noise(1)sound“声音”，指耳朵能听到的各种声音，多作可数名词。(2)voice“声音”，主要指人的声音。(3)noise指“噪音”。可以作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，词组有make练习:①Iwaswaitingforthe______oftheothershoe!②Theteachersaidinaloud______，“Pleasekeepsilent！”③Buteverynightheheardthe______upstairs.soundvoicenoise4.job与work都可译为“工作”“劳动”。job，work是常用词，其区别:job是可数名词，work是不可数名词。练习:①Shegota______ofwashingclothes.jobwork5.person，people与man这三个词有共同之处，都有“人”的意思，但也有不同之处。(1)person指“人”(男人或女人)，有单数形式，也有复数形式。(2)people是复数形式，指“人民；人(3)man专指“男人”，也指“人类，(特定历史时期的)人”(不用复数形式，不加冠词)。练习:①Two________arewaitingforyou.②Helivedforthe______anddiedforpersons/menpeopleman6.problem与question都可译为“问题”，都是可数名词，但它们所含的意思并不相同。(1)question一般是指等待回答的“问题；提问”。(2)problem一般是指等待解决(solve)练习:①MayIasksome_________?②That’sno________.Icanlendyoumymoney.7.table与desk都可译为“桌子”，其区别:table通常questionsproblem常被称为“书桌”“课桌”“办公桌”等。练习:①Wewereat______whenhearrived.②Therearemany______intheclassroom.tabledesks8.floor与ground两者都有“地面、地上”的含义。其区别:floor一般指室内的地上、地板、地面，而ground常指室外的地面，也可泛指地球表面。练习:①Hewassittingonthe______whenIcamein.floorground9.door与gate都可译为“门”。其区别:(1)door一般指房子、房间、家具等的门，还可用于比喻意义。(2)gate指围墙、栅栏、篱笆等的开口处。练习:①Closethe______whenyougoout.doorgate10.road，way，street(1)road指“公路；马路”，指两侧之间可以通行人或车辆的大道。“在马路上”一般用ontheroad。“穿过马路”用crosstheroad(或goacrosstheroad)。常用固定词组有inthisway(用这种方式)，onthewayto(在去……的路上)，getinthewayof(挡道)等。(3)street表示“街道”，其两边有建筑物。“在街上”一般用inthestreet。“穿过街道”一般用gothroughthe练习:①Excuseme，canyoutellmethe______tothepostoffice?②Whenhewenthome，hesawanoldwomanlyinginthe______.③The______inthisvillageiswiderthanbefore.waystreetroad11.family，home(1)family表示“家；家庭”，也可指全体家庭成员。(2)home意为“家”，带有眷恋等感情色彩。练习:①Tomhasabig______.Therefamilyfamily②ShehasbeeninShenzhenfor10years.Shenzhenhasbecomehersecond______.12.idea，advice，suggestion(1)idea表示“主意”，是可数名词，如:agoodidea一个好主意。home(2)advice表示“建议”“忠告”，是不可数名词，如:apieceofadvice一个忠告(一个建议)。(3)suggestion表示“建议”，是可数名词，如：twosuggestions两条建议。练习:①Canyougivemesome______advice/suggestion②Hehasgotagood______todealwithhisoldbooks.③Mr.Gaoissokindtogiveusseveral____________.ideasuggestions名词辨析完形填空专练Oncetherelivedanunhappykingwhosleptbadlyanddidn’tfeellikeeatinganything.Thismadethe1andhispeopleworried.A2wascalledintoexaminehim.Thedoctorsaidit’sallinhismindinsteadofhisbody.Soneither3norrestcouldhelphimbutashirtofahappyperson.Theprimeministerwascalledtothe4.Whenhearingtheking’ssituation，hesaid，“AlthoughIhavemuch5，itdoesn’tmakemehappy.I’malwaysworriedaboutlosingit.”Then，theking’sbankercameandsaidhehadlotsofwealth，buthealsoworriedaboutlosingit.Hewasneverhappy，either.Next，thepalacesingercameandhis6wereFinally，thetopgeneralwastoldtofindahappy7inthreedays’time.Luckily，hefoundapoormanwithoutpower，moneyorfamesinginghappilyona8.Thegeneralaskedhimwhatmadehimsohappy.Thepoormanansweredthathehadeverythinghewantedandhedidn’twantthosehecouldn’thave.His9camefromthehappinessinhisheart.Whenthegeneralaskedfortheman’s10，tohissurprise，themansaid，“What()1.A.queenB.princeC.princessD.brother()2.A.manB.womanC.doctorD.superman()3.A.goldB.powerC.moneyD.medicine()4.A.palaceB.houseC.roomACDAC()6.A.wordsB.songsC.questionsD.shirts()7.A.manB.singerC.kingD.queen()8.A.palaceB.streetC.islandD.river()9.A.shirtsB.wordsC.moneyAABDB课堂小测目录contents()1.(2017安顺)Therearemorethanonehundredteachersinourschool，andmostofthemare______.A.men’steachersB.manteachersC.menteacherD.menteachers()2.(2017哈尔滨)—Howtimeflies!It’stwo______sincewemetlast.—Soitis.Imissyousomuch.A.monthsB.monthesDA()3.(2017黔东南州)Kailiisoneofthemostbeautiful______inGuizhou.A.placeB.citiesC.townD.country()4.(2017昆明)Many______areplayinganactivepartinmakingKunmingacivilizedcity(文明城市).BD()5.(2017新疆)Agroupof______aretalkingwithtwo______.A.Frenchmen；GermansB.Germans；FrenchmansC.Frenchmans；GermenD.Germen；Frenchmen()6.(2017菏泽)DaMinghascollected5，000______.A.busticketsB.busesticketC.busticketD.busesticketsAA()7.(2017常州)—Howdidyouputtogetherthemodelplanesoperfectly？—It’seasy.Ijustfollowedthe______.A.instructionsB.instrumentsC.interviewsD.inventions()8.(2017广西来宾)—Therearemany______aboutthisfarm.—Yes，lotsof______areplantedonit.A.photo；potatoB.photos；AC()9.(2017滨州)—Whatagood______you’vegivenme!Thanksalot.—Mypleasure.A.informationB.newsC.suggestionD.advice()10.(2017德州)Samisdoingsome______abouttheancientSilkRoad.A.exerciseB.operationsC.researchD.experimentsCC()11.(2017鄂州)—Thedishesinthisrestaurantmustbeveryexpensive.—Don’tworry.Youcanenjoyyourself.It’smy______.A.timeB.treatC.taskD.taste()12.(2017孝感)Computersareveryuseful.Theycanhelpusgetmuch______ontheInternet.A.gamesB.informationBB()13.(2017达州)—Couldyoupleaseoffermesome______onmyresearch？—Yes，sure.A.ideaB.messageC.suggestionD.advice()14.(2017东营)—DoAmericanstudentsalsohavelotsof______todo？—Sure.Buttheydofewermemorizingexercises.A.sportsB.surveysDC()15.(2017白银)“Itdependsonmy______decision，”themothersaidandlookedathertwosons.A.childrenB.children’sC.childD.child’s()16.(2017凉山州)—Howfarisyourhomefromthetrainstation？—It’sabout20______walk.A.minuteB.minutesC.minute’sD.minutes’BD()17.(2017郴州)—Who’sthewomanunderthetree？—She’s______aunt.A.KellyandJoe’sB.Kelly’sandJoeC.Kelly’sandJoe’sD.KellysandJoe’s()18.(2017南京)Thesetwobicyclesarethe______.Theyare______.A.twins’；Lucy’sandLily’sB.twin’s；Lucy’sandLily’sC.twins；LucyandLily’sAA()19.(2017重庆)AfterclimbingthePhoenix(凤凰)Mountainfortwohours，weweregladtotake______rest.A.afewminutes’sB.afewminutes’C.alittleminutes’D.fewminutes’()20.(2017随州)Harbinholdsa(an)______inwintereveryyear.A.DragonBoatFestivalB.IceandSnowFestivalC.Mid-AutumnFestivalBB中考模拟演练目录contents4()1.—Wouldyoulikesome______fordinner?—OK.A.tomatosB.tomatoC.tomatoesD.potatos()2.Youaresupposedtobemorecarefultomakefewer_____________whileyouarewriting.A.troubleB.matterC.mistakesD.problemsCC()3.Healthisimportantforusteenagers，soweshouldeatmorevegetablessuchas______tokeephealthy.A.tomatoesandpotatoesB.tomatosandpotatosC.tomatosandpotatoesD.tomatoandpotato()4.—Lily，couldyoupleasepassmethe______?IwanttocuttheAD()5.Inthistest，we’reaskedtowriteapassageofabout______.A.80-wordsB.80-wordC.80wordsD.80words’()6.Therearesome______inDaytonArtMuseum.Forexample，nofoodordrinkisallowedinside.CC()7.Therewasafoodaccidentinthisprimaryschool.About60______wereill，butno______werelost.A.child；livesB.children；lifeC.children；livesD.child；life()8.Paper-makingis______ofancientChina.A.oneofgreatestinventorB.oneofthegreatestinventorsCD()9.______theteachersintheirschoolisabout200andonefourthofthemare______teachers.A.Anumberof；womenB.Anumberof；womanC.Thenumberof；womenC()10.—Iheardyouarenotallowedtoeatinclass.—Right.It’soneofthe______inourschool.A.plansB.ordersC.rulesD.suggestionsC()11.Ipaid￥10for_____________thismorning.A.4bottlemilksB.4bottlesofmilkC.4bottlesofmilksD.4milk()12.—I’mhungry.MayIhavesomethingtoeat?—OK.Here’ssome______.A.orangeB.breadC.waterD.milkBB()13.Couldyougivemesome______?Itriedseveraltimesbutfailed.A.noticeB.suggestionC.adviceD.warm()14.—AfterP.E.，Ioftenfeelverythirsty.—Whynotbuysome______todrink?A.breadB.noodlesC.applejuiceD.teasCC()15.YesterdayfordinnerIhadapieceofbeef，vegetablesand______.A.somericeB.afewriceC.alittlericesD.arice()16.—Mum，Iamhungry.MayIhavesome______?—Ofcourse.Butdon’teattoomuch.A.breadB.noodleC.dumplingD.hamburgerAA()17.—Howmany______arethereonthetable?—Onlytwo.A.glassesoforangeB.glassesoforangesC.glassoforangeD.glassoforanges()18.—I’mverythirstynow.—Wouldyoulikesome______?A.teaB.fishC.noodlesAA()19.______areplanningtogoonvacation.A.Black’sB.ABlack’sC.TheBlack’sD.TheBlacks()20.______motherscan’tgototheparents’meetingbecausetheyaretoobusy.A.Jack’sandPaulB.Jack’sandPaul’sC.JackandPaul’sDB()21.—Whosedogisthis？—It’s______.Bothof______likeitverymuch.A.Eric’sandMike’s；themB.EricandMike’s；themC.EricandMike’s；theyB()22.TimesmagazinesaysthatsmartLegohasbecomeoneof______favoritetoys.A.childB.childrenC.children’sD.child’sC()23.—HowfarisitfromTianjintoChangsha？—Itisa______flightfromTianjintoChangsha.A.2-hour-longB.2-hours-longC.2hours’longD.2hourlong()24.Mary’sskirtisthesameasher______.A.sistersB.brotherC.sister’sD.brothersAC()25.Idon’tthinklookingafterchildrenisjust______work.A.womanB.woman’sC.womenD.women’s()26.Ihearthatwewillhavea______holidayin______.A.twoday’s；twoday’stimeB.two-day；twoday’stimeC.two-day；twodays’timeD.twodays；two-daytimeDC()27.Therearelotsof______thatstudentshavetofollowinschool.A.exercisesB.problemsC.skillsD.rules()28.—What’syourfavorite，Jim?—Myfavoriteis______.IoftenlistentoitDD()29.OnSeptember3thereweresome______inChinatocelebratethe70-yearvictoryoftheAnti-JapaneseWar.A.actionsB.projectsC.traditionsD.activities()30.IthinkZhouXunisoneofthebest______.Ilikehermoviesverymuch.A.doctorsB.playersDC()31.TheNewYorkTimesisapopulardaily______.A.dictionaryB.magazineC.newspaperD.guidebook()32.In1998，LiuXiang’s______inhurdlingwasnoticedbySunHaiping.CA()33.Anniehasa______，andsheisgoingtoseeherdentisttoday.A.coldB.feverC.coughD.toothache()34.Hehasacollectionof______.Hecannotonlyenjoythembutalsousethemtomailletters.A.stampsB.novelsDA()35.—What______bowlofnoodleswouldyoulike，small，mediumorlarge?—Alargebowlofbeefnoodles，please.A.colorB.priceC.sizeD.kindCA()37.SpringisTom’sfavourite______.Helikeswarmweather.A.holidayB.seasonC.fruitD.drink()38.—YoumaygotoMilanforafreetrip.—It’saverykind______，butIreallyBB()39.LeeisnewinNanchang.Maybeheneedsa______forsightseeing.A.watchB.ticketC.mapD.notebook()40.IhopetoseeNiagaraFallsin______someday.It’ssaidtobewonderful.CC谢谢观看！