Unit-8-10-语法-现在完成时

语法讲解现在完成时ThePresentPerfectTense现在完成时的构成Ihavealreadybrushedmyteeth.过去分词肯定句：主语+have/has+done否定句：主语+have/has+not+done疑问句：Have/Has+主语+doneYes,主+have/has.No,主+haven’t/hasn’t.Hehasfinishedhishomework.Hehasnotfinishedhishomework.Hashefinishedhishomework?Yes,hehas./No,hehasn’t.MyparentshavebeentotheUSA.Myparentshaven’tbeentotheUSA.HaveyourparentsbeentotheUSA?Yes,theyhave./No,theyhaven’t.过去分词的变化规则1.直接加-ed,如：worked2.不发音-e结尾,加d,如：hoped3.辅音+y结尾的，把y变i加ed,如：carried4.重读闭音节结尾，双写辅音字母+ed,如：stopped过去分词的不规则形式AAA型（三种形式都一样）cost-cost-costhit-hit-hitput-put-putread-read-readABB型（过去式与过去分词相同）buy-bought-boughtcatch-caught-caughtfind-found-foundhave-had-had过去分词的不规则形式ABA型（原形与过去分词相同）come-came-comebecome-became-becomeABC型（三种都不一样）do-did-donego-went-gonetake-took-takenwrite-wrote-written现在完成时的用法1pastnowfuture对现在有影响Yesterday,theycleanedtheclassroom.Now,theclassroomiscleanbecausetheyhavecleanedit.用法1强调过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果或影响。1.Isawthisfilmlastweek.Now,IknowthisfilmbecauseIhaveseenitbefore.2.Ididmyhomeworkyesterday.Now,IcangiveittotheteacherbecauseIhavedoneit.3.Shehadbreakfastinthemorning.Now,sheisnothungrybecauseshehashadbreakfast.现在完成时的用法1用法2：过去发生的动作一直延续到现在。pastnowfutureIbegantoteachEnglishatthisschoolfiveyearsago.IhavetaughtEnglishatthisschoolforfiveyears.现在完成时的用法21.Sheisateacher.Shebegantoworkwhenshewas23.Now,sheis30.Shehasworkedforsevenyears.2.TheywenttoLondonlastSaturday.TodayisSaturday.TheyhavestayedinLondonsincelastSaturday.现在完成时的用法2现在完成时的标志词already“已经”通常用于肯定句中,放在句中。Ihavealreadyreadthisbook.Shehasalreadyfinishedherhomework.yet“仍然，还”用在疑问句和否定句中，放在句末。Ihaven’treadthisbookyet.Haveyouhadbreakfastyet?现在完成时的标志词ever“曾经”通常用于疑问句和肯定句中,放在句中。Ihaveeverseenthisfilm.HaveyoueverbeentotheUSA?never“从来不”,放在句中,表示否定。Ishefamous?Ihaveneverheardofhim.ShehasneverbeentoCanada.现在完成时的标志词just“刚刚”用在陈述句中,放在句中。Ihavejustboughtanovel.Shehasjusthaddinner.before“以前”用在完成时中，放在句末。Ｉhaveneverreadthiskindofbooksbefore.HaveyoubeentoShanghaibefore?现在完成时sinceandforfor+时间段for2yearsforalongtimesince+时间点since2yearsagosince1998sinceshecametotheschoolTheyoungteacherhasworkedatthisschoolfor2years.(sincetwoyearsago)用for和since填空。______threehours______threeo’clock______twodays______yesterdayafternoon______Icamehere______lastSunday_______aweek_______alongtime_______1997______twoweeks_______threeyearsago_______lastmonth用for和since填空。______threehours______threeo’clock______twodays______yesterdayafternoon______Icamehere______lastSunday_______aweek_______alongtime_______1997______twoweeks_______threeyearsago_______lastmonthforforforforforsincesincesincesincesincesincesince现在完成时since&forIhavebeenherefor5weeks.He’sstudiedEnglishfor3years.Shehasworkedfor10hours.Ihavebeenheresince2000.Hehasworkedasalawyersince5yearsago.They’velivedinShanghaisincetheymarriedin2000.现在完成时sinceandfor对for或since引导的时间状语提问用howlongHe’sstudiedEnglishfor3years.HowlonghashestudiedEnglish?They’velivedinShanghaisincetheymarriedin2000.HowlonghavetheylivedinShanghai?现在完成时其他用法1.现在完成时可与recently(最近),sofar(到目前为止),inthepast(在过去)inthelastfewyears(在过去的几年)等时间状语连用。2.现在完成时可与once,twice,threetimes,severaltimes等表重复次数的词语连用。考点一一般过去时现在完成时概念(语境)标志词过去现在现在完成时：既着眼过去，也着眼现在。强调影响性和结果性。Mikehaslefthere.Heisnotherenow.过去一般过去时：只着眼于过去，不着眼于现在。只表示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作，与现在没有联系。Mikeleftherefiveminutesago.yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterdaylastweek(year,night,month…)ago,longlongagoattheageoffivejustnowin1989forsinceuptonow,byfar,sofaryet,recently,inthelastfewyears一般过去时现在完成时We_______tolearnEnglishfiveyearsago.We_______itforfiveyearsuptonow.A.began;learnedB.begin;havelearnedC.havebegun;hadlearnedD.began;havelearnedD考点二延续性动词与非延续性动词Ihaveborrowedthebookforsixmonths.XIhavekeptthebookforsixmonths.√非延续性动词延续性动词持续性非延续性动词延续性动词buyhaveborrowkeepjoinbeinbegin/startbeoncome/gobeinleavebeawaydiebedeadend/finishbeover开始结束死买卖来去借入不离开for,since,howlong要跟延续性动词连用—Howlonghaveyourparents_______?—Forabout15years.A.lefttheirhometownB.gottoJinanC.joinedtheping-pongclubD.workedinthiscityD—Howlonghaveyou___________?—Foralmosttenyears.A.ownedthisgardenB.boughtthiscarC.arrivedinShanghaiD.cometothistownA—Howlonghasyoursister_______?—Fornearlythreemonths.A.borrowedthebookB.becomeateacherC.gottoJinanD.keptthebikeDIhavewaitedforthebusfortwentyminutes.(划线部分提问)__________haveyouwaitedforthebus?Susanhasbeenavolunteerinthehospitalforthreeyears.(划线部分提问)__________hasSusanbeenavolunteerinthehospital?HowlongHowlong考点三havebeento,havegoneto,找规律Shehasgonetothepark,andshewillbebackintwohours.TomhasgonetoMike'shome,buthehasn'tcomeback.去而未归，主语一般是第三人称。找规律ShehasneverbeentoLondon.--HaveyoueverbeentoLondon？--Yes,Ihavebeentheretwice.WehavebeentoLondon,anditiswonderfulthere.去过且已经回来有表示频率的词：never,ever,twice有评价性的话语:Thatplaceiswonderful,beautiful,awful.....—WhereisTom?Doyouknow?—Ithinkhe______tothelibrary.A．hasgoneB．goesC．hasbeenD．wentA—IsTomathome?—No,he_______totown.A.hasbeenB.hasgoneC.goesD.willgoB“”Neverputoffwhatyoucandotodayuntiltomorrow.今日事今日毕。Thankyou!