全新版大学英语综合教程第一册课件(完整版)

全新版大学英语第一册全新版大学英语第一册UNIUNIT1T1Unit1Unit1GrowingUpGrowingUpSpotdictationQuestions&AnswersWatch&DiscussPre-readingActivitiesHowtoapplytoourreallifethetypicalexpressionsandpatternstakenfromthetextExpressions&PatternsAlltheexercisesforTextAExercisesMainideaanddevicesfordevelopingitTextAnalysisBlankfillingSummaryTipsforPara.writingParagraphWriting1.PartIPre-readingTaskListentotherecordingtwoorthreetimesandthenthinkoverthefollowingquestions:1.DoyouknowwhoJohnLennonwas?2.Haveyoueverheardthesongbefore?3.WhatdoesLennonthinkofgrowingup?Isiteasyorfullofadventures?4.Canyouguesswhatthetextsinthisunitaregoingtobeabout?Thefollowingwordsintherecordingmaybenewtoyou:monstern.怪物prayern.祈祷2.TextanalysisPartIITextAWhenwearewritingweareoftentoldtokeepourreadersinmind,toshapewhatwesaytofittheirtastesandinterests.Butthereisonereaderinparticularwhoshouldnotbeforgotten.Canyouguesswho?RussellBakersurprisedhimselfandeveryoneelsewhenhediscoveredtheanswer.WRITINGFORMYSELFRussellBakerTheideaofbecomingawriterhadcometomeoffandonsincemychildhoodinBelleville,butitwasn'tuntilmythirdyearinhighschoolthatthepossibilitytookhold.UntilthenI'dbeenboredbyeverythingassociatedwithEnglishcourses.IfoundEnglishgrammardullanddifficult.Ihatedtheassignmentstoturnoutlong,lifelessparagraphsthatwereagonyforteacherstoreadandformetowrite.WhenourclasswasassignedtoMr.Fleagleforthird-yearEnglishIanticipatedanothercheerlessyearinthatmosttediousofsubjects.Mr.Fleaglehadareputationamongstudentsfordullnessandinabilitytoinspire.Hewassaidtobeveryformal,rigidandhopelesslyoutofdate.Tomehelookedtobesixtyorseventyandexcessivelyprim.Heworeprimlysevereeyeglasses,hiswavyhairwasprimlycutandprimlycombed.Heworeprimsuitswithnecktiessetprimlyagainstthecollarbuttonsofhiswhiteshirts.Hehadaprimlypointedjaw,aprimlystraightnose,andaprimmannerofspeakingthatwassocorrect,sogentlemanly,thatheseemedacomicantique.IpreparedforanunfruitfulyearwithMr.Fleagleandforalongtimewasnotdisappointed.Lateintheyearwetackledtheinformalessay.Mr.Fleagledistributedahomeworksheetofferingusachoiceoftopics.Nonewasquitesosimple-mindedas"WhatIDidonMySummerVacation,"butmostseemedtobealmostasdull.Itookthelisthomeanddidnothinguntilthenightbeforetheessaywasdue.Lyingonthesofa,Ifinallyfaceduptotheunwelcometask,tookthelistoutofmynotebook,andscannedit.Thetopiconwhichmyeyestoppedwas"TheArtofEatingSpaghetti."Thistitleproducedanextraordinarysequenceofmentalimages.VividmemoriescamefloodingbackofanightinBellevillewhenallofuswereseatedaroundthesuppertable—UncleAllen,mymother,UncleCharlie,Doris,UncleHal—andAuntPatservedspaghettiforsupper.Spaghettiwasstillalittleknownforeigndishinthosedays.NeitherDorisnorIhadevereatenspaghetti,andnoneoftheadultshadenoughexperiencetobegoodatit.AllthegoodhumorofUncleAllen'shousereawokeinmymindasIrecalledthelaughingargumentswehadthatnightaboutthesociallyrespectablemethodformovingspaghettifromplatetomouth.SuddenlyIwantedtowriteaboutthat,aboutthewarmthandgoodfeelingofit,butIwantedtoputitdownsimplyformyownjoy,notforMr.Fleagle.ItwasamomentIwantedtorecaptureandholdformyself.Iwantedtorelivethepleasureofthatevening.TowriteitasIwanted,however,wouldviolatealltherulesofformalcompositionI'dlearnedinschool,andMr.Fleaglewouldsurelygiveitafailinggrade.Nevermind.IwouldwritesomethingelseforMr.FleagleafterIhadwrittenthisthingformyself.WhenIfinisheditthenightwashalfgoneandtherewasnotimelefttocomposeaproper,respectableessayforMr.Fleagle.TherewasnochoicenextmorningbuttoturninmytaleoftheBellevillesupper.TwodayspassedbeforeMr.Fleaglereturnedthegradedpapers,andhereturnedeveryone'sbutmine.IwaspreparingmyselfforacommandtoreporttoMr.FleagleimmediatelyafterschoolfordisciplinewhenIsawhimliftmypaperfromhisdeskandknockfortheclass'sattention."Now,boys,"hesaid."Iwanttoreadyouanessay.Thisistitled,'TheArtofEatingSpaghetti.'"Andhestartedtoread.Mywords!Hewasreadingmywordsoutloudtotheentireclass.What'smore,theentireclasswaslistening.Listeningattentively.Thensomebodylaughed,thentheentireclasswaslaughing,andnotincontemptandridicule,butwithopen-heartedenjoyment.EvenMr.Fleaglestoppedtwoorthreetimestoholdbackasmallprimsmile.Ididmybesttoavoidshowingpleasure,butwhatIwasfeelingwaspuredelightatthisdemonstrationthatmywordshadthepowertomakepeoplelaugh.Intheeleventhgrade,attheeleventhhourasitwere,Ihaddiscoveredacalling.Itwasthehappiestmomentofmyentireschoolcareer.WhenMr.Fleaglefinishedheputthefinalsealonmyhappinessbysaying,"Nowthat,boys,isanessay,don'tyousee.It's—don'tyousee—it'softheveryessenceoftheessay,don'tyousee.Congratulations,Mr.Baker."(797words)3.NewWordsandExpressionsoffandonfromtimetotime;sometimes断断续续地；有时possibilityn.可能（性）takeholdbecomeestablished生根，确立borevt.make(sb.)becometiredandloseinterest使（人）厌烦associatevt.joinorconnecttogether;bringinthemind使联系起来；使联想assignmentn.apieceofworkthatisgiventoaparticularperson（分配的）工作，任务，作业turnoutproduce编写；生产，制造gony▲n.verygreatpainorsufferingofmindorbody（身心的）极度痛苦ssignt.giveasashareorduty分配，分派nticipatet.expect预期，期望edious.boringandlastingforalongtime乏味的；冗长的eputationn.名声；名誉nabilityn.lackofpower,skillorability无能，无力nspiret.fill(sb.)withconfidence,eagerness,etc.激励，鼓舞formala.(too)seriousandcarefulinmannerandbehavior;basedoncorrectoracceptedrules刻板的，拘谨的；正式的，正规的rigida.(oftendisapproving)fixedinbehavior,viewsormethods;strict一成不变的；严格的hopelesslyad.verymuch;withouthope十分，极度；绝望地excessivelyad.过分地outofdateold-fashioned过时的prima.(usu.disapproving)(ofaperson)tooformalorcorrectinbehaviorandshowingadislikeofanythingrude;neat古板的，拘谨的；循规蹈矩的；整洁的primlyad.severea.completelyplain;causingverygreatpain,difficulty,worry,etc.朴素的；严重的，剧烈的necktien.tie领带jawn.颌，颚comic▲a.滑稽的；喜剧的n.连环漫画（册）antiquen.古物，古玩tacklevt.trytodealwith处理，应付ssayn.散文，小品文；论说文distributet.divideandgiveoutamongpeople,places,etc.分发，分配，分送inallyd.atlast最终，终于aceuptobebraveenoughtoacceptordealwith勇敢地接受或对付can.lookthroughquickly浏览，粗略地看paghettin.意大利式细面条itlen.anamegiventoabook,film,etc.标题，题目t.giveanameto给…加标题，加题目于extraordinarya.veryunusualorstrange不同寻常的；奇特的sequencen.一连串相关的事物；次序，顺序magen.apictureformedinthemind形象；印象；（图）像adultn.afullygrownpersonoranimal成年人；成年动物humorn.心情；幽默，诙谐recallvt.bringbacktothemind;remember回想起，回忆起argumentn.论据，论点；争论espectablea.(ofbehavior,appearance,etc.)sociallyacceptable可敬的；体面的；文雅的putdownwritedown写下ecapturevt.(lit)bringbackintothemind;experienceagain再现；再次经历elivevt.experienceagain,esp.inone'simagination再体验，重温violatevt.actagainst违背，违反composevt.writeorcreate(music,poetry,etc.)创作urninhandin(workthatonehasdone)交（作业）commandn.,v.命令，指令disciplinen.punishment;orderkept(amongschool-children,soldiers,etc.)惩罚，处分；纪律what'smoreinaddition,moreimportantly而且，此外；更有甚者contempt▲n.轻视，轻蔑ridiculen.makingorbeingmadefunof嘲笑，嘲弄；被戏弄open-hearteda.sincere,frank诚挚的holdbackpreventtheexpressionof(feelings,tears,etc.)控制（感情、眼泪等）avoidvt.keeporgetawayfrom避免demonstrationn.actofshowingorprovingsth.表明；证明careern.生涯，事业；职业sealn.印，图章essence▲n.themostimportantqualityofathing本质；精髓congratulationn.(usu.pl)expressionofjoyforsb.'ssuccess,luck,etc.祝贺，恭喜ProperNamesRussellBaker拉赛尔·贝克Belleville贝尔维尔（美国地名）Fleagle弗利格尔（姓氏）Allen艾伦（男子名）Charlie查理（男子名）Doris多丽丝（女子名）Hal哈尔（男子名，Henry,Harold的昵称）Pat帕特（女子名，Patricia的昵称）4.Summary4.SummaryRussellbakerisverygoodatselectingRussellbakerisverygoodatselectingdetailstoprovehispoint.Hecreatesadetailstoprovehispoint.HecreatesanunfavorableimageofMr.FleagebydnunfavorableimageofMr.Fleagebydescribinghisformalrigidandhopelesslescribinghisformalrigidandhopelesslyout-of-dateeyeglasses,hairstyle,clotyout-of-dateeyeglasses,hairstyle,clothes,jaw,noseandmannerofspeaking.hes,jaw,noseandmannerofspeaking.5.Exercises5.ExercisesTranslationvocabulary6.Paragraphwriting6.ParagraphwritingWriteaboutyourexperienceofgrowingup.Title:whatdoesitmeanby“growingup”Words:about150.全新版大学英语综合教程第一册02Unit2FriendshipSpotdictationQuestions&AnswersWatch&DiscussPre-readingActivitiesHowtoapplytoourreallifethetypicalexpressionsandpatternstakenfromthetextExpressions&PatternsAlltheexercisesforTextAExercisesMainideaanddevicesfordevelopingitTextAnalysisSummaryTipsforPara.writingParagraphWritingI.Pre-ReadingTaskListentotherecordingtwoorthreetimesandthenthinkoverthefollowingquestions:1.HaveyoueverheardofDionneWarwick?Haveyouhappenedtohearhersing?2.Whatdoesafairweatherfriendmean?3.WhatdoesDionneWarwickthinkfriendsarefor?4.Doesthesonggiveyouanyideaofwhatthestoriesinthisunitwillbeabout?IITextanalysisTextAHowdoyoufeelwhenoldfriendsarefaraway?Doyoumakeanefforttokeepintouch?Sometimesitiseasytoputoffwritingaletter,thinkingthattherewillbeplentyoftimetomorrow.Butthensometimes,asthisstoryshows,weleaveittoolate.Perhapsreadingitwillmakeyouwanttoreachforyourpen.ALLTHECABBIEHADWASALETTERFosterFurcoloHemusthavebeencompletelylostinsomethinghewasreadingbecauseIhadtotaponthewindshieldtogethisattention."Isyourcabavailable?"Iaskedwhenhefinallylookedupatme.Henodded,thensaidapologeticallyasIsettledintothebackseat,"I'msorry,butIwasreadingaletter."Hesoundedasifhehadacoldorsomething."I'minnohurry,"Itoldhim."Goaheadandfinishyourletter."Heshookhishead."I'vereaditseveraltimesalready.IguessIalmostknowitbyheart.""Lettersfromhomealwaysmeanalot,"Isaid."AtleasttheydowithmebecauseI'montheroadsomuch."Then,estimatingthathewas60or70yearsold,Iguessed:"Fromachildormaybeagrandchild?""Thisisn'tfamily,"hereplied."Although,"hewenton,"cometothinkofit",itmightjustaswellhavebeenfamily.OldEdwasmyoldestfriend.Infact,weusedtocalleachother'OldFriend'—whenwe'dmeet,thatis.I'mnotmuchofahandatwriting.""Idon'tthinkanyofuskeepupourcorrespondencetoowell,"Isaid."IknowIdon't.ButItakeithe'ssomeoneyou'veknownquiteawhile?""Allmylife,practically.Wewerekidstogether,sowegowayback.""Wenttoschooltogether?""Allthewaythroughhighschool.Wewereinthesameclass,infact,throughbothgradeandhighschool.""Therearenottoomanypeoplewho'vehadsuchalongfriendship,"Isaid."Actually,"thedriverwenton,"Ihadn'tseenhimmorethanonceortwiceayearoverthepast25or30yearsbecauseImovedawayfromtheoldneighborhoodandyoukindoflosetoucheventhoughyouneverforget.Hewasagreatguy.""Yousaid'was'.Doesthatmean—?"BackHenodded."Diedacoupleofweeksago.""I'msorry,"Isaid."It'snofuntoloseanyfriend—andlosingarealoldoneiseventougher."Hedidn'treplytothat,andwerodeoninsilenceforafewminutes.ButIrealizedthatOldEdwasstillonhismindwhenhespokeagain,almostmoretohimselfthantome:"Ishouldhavekeptintouch.Yes,"herepeated,"Ishouldhavekeptintouch.""Well,"Iagreed,"weshouldallkeepintouchwitholdfriendsmorethanwedo.Butthingscomeupandwejustdon'tseemtofindthetime."Heshrugged."Weusedtofindthetime,"hesaid."That'sevenmentionedintheletter."Hehandeditovertome."Takealook.""Thanks,"Isaid,"butIdon'twanttoreadyourmail.That'sprettypersonal."BackThedrivershrugged."OldEd'sdead.There'snothingpersonalnow.Goahead,"heurgedme.Theletterwaswritteninpencil.Itbeganwiththegreeting"OldFriend,"andthefirstsentenceremindedmeofmyself.I'vebeenmeaningtowriteforsometime,butI'vealwayspostponedit.Itthenwentontosaythatheoftenthoughtaboutthegoodtimestheyhadhadtogetherwhentheybothlivedinthesameneighborhood.Ithadreferencestothingsthatprobablymeantsomethingtothedriver,suchasthetimeTimSheabrokethewindow,theHalloweenthatwetiedOldMr.Parker'sgate,andwhenMrs.Culverusedtokeepusafterschool."Youmusthavespentalotoftimetogether,"Isaidtohim."Likeitsaysthere,"heanswered,"aboutallwehadtospendinthosedayswastime."Heshookhishead:"Time."BackIthoughtthenextparagraphoftheletterwasalittlesad:Ibegantheletterwith"OldFriend"becausethat'swhatwe'vebecomeovertheyears—oldfriends.Andtherearen'tmanyofusleft."Youknow,"Isaidtohim,"whenitsaysherethattherearen'tmanyofusleft,that'sabsolutelyright.EverytimeIgotoaclassreunion,forexample,therearefewerandfewerstillaround.""Timegoesby,"thedriversaid."Didyoutwoworkatthesameplace?"Iaskedhim."No,butwehungoutonthesamecornerwhenweweresingle.Andthen,whenweweremarried,weusedtogotoeachother'shouseeverynowandthen.Butforthelast20or30yearsit'sbeenmostlyjustChristmascards.Ofcoursethere'dbealwaysanotewe'deachaddtothecards—usuallysomenewsaboutourfamilies,youknow,whatthekidsweredoing,whomovedwhere,anewgrandchild,thingslikethat—butneverarealletteroranythinglikethat."Back"Thisisagoodparthere,"Isaid."WhereitsaysYourfriendshipovertheyearshasmeantanawfullottome,morethanIcansaybecauseI'mnotgoodatsayingthingslikethat."Ifoundmyselfnoddinginagreement."Thatmusthavemadeyoufeelgood,didn'tit?"ThedriversaidsomethingthatIcouldn'tunderstandbecauseheseemedtobeallchokedup,soIcontinued:"IknowI'dliketoreceivealetterlikethatfrommyoldestfriend."WeweregettingclosetoourdestinationsoIskippedtothelastparagraph.SoIthoughtyou'dliketoknowthatIwasthinkingofyou.Anditwassigned，YourOldFriend,Tom.Ihandedbacktheletteraswestoppedatmyhotel."Enjoyedtalkingwithyou,"IsaidasItookmysuitcaseoutofthecab.Tom?TheletterwassignedTom?Back"Ithoughtyourfriend'snamewasEd,"Isaid."WhydidhesignitTom?""TheletterwasnotfromEdtome,"heexplained."I'mTom.It'saletterIwrotetohimbeforeIknewhe'ddied.SoInevermailedit."Helookedsortofsorrowful,orasifheweretryingtoseesomethinginthedistance."IguessIshouldhavewrittenitsooner."WhenIgottomyhotelroomIdidn'tunpackrightaway.FirstIhadtowritealetter—andmailit.(1093wordsBackIII.NewWordsandExpressionscabbien.(infml)ataxidriverbelostin/loseoneselfinbeabsorbedin,befullyoccupiedwith专心致志于windshieldn.(AmE)theglasswindowinthefrontofacar,truck,etc.（汽车的）挡风玻璃cabn.ataxi出租车availablea.abletobeused,hadorreached可用的；可得到的apologeticallyad.showingorsayingthatoneissorryforsomefaultorwrong道歉地，带着歉意地orsomething(infml)(usedwhenyouarenotverysureaboutwhatyouhavejustsaid)诸如此类的事goaheadcontinue;beginknow/learnbyheartmemorize,rememberexactly记住，能背出estimatevt.formajudgementabout估计might/may(just)aswell不妨，（也）无妨notmuchofanotagood不太好的Backkeepupcontinuewithoutstopping保持correspondencen.theactofwriting,receivingorsendingletters;letters通信（联系）；信件practicallyad.almostkidn.(infml)achildalltheway自始至终，一直neighborhoodn.街坊；四邻hit/strikehome(Backkind/sortof(infml)alittlebit,insomewayordegree有几分，有点儿losetouch失去联系acoupleof几个；一对，一双guyn.家伙；伙计tougha.(infml)unfortunate;difficult;strong不幸的；困难的；坚固的；坚强的onone'smind挂记在心头consumev.eatorBackkeepintouch(with)（与…）保持联系，保持接触comeuphappen,occur,esp.unexpectedly（尤指意想不到地）发生，出现shrugv.lift(theshoulders)slightly耸（肩）urgev.tryveryhardtopersuade力劝，催促postponevt.delay推迟，使延期referencen.提及，谈到；参考，查阅absolutelyad.completely完全地，极其Backabsolutea.reunion▲n.（家人、朋友、同事等久别后的）重聚goby(oftime)pass（时间）逝去hangout(infml)stayinornearaplace,notdoingverymuch闲荡；徘徊everynowandthensometimes,attimesmostlyad.almostall;generally几乎全部；多半，大体awfula.(infml)(usedtoaddforce)verygreat;verybadorunpleasant非常的，极大的；可怕的，糟糕的Backchokev.（使）窒息，堵塞chokeupbecometooupsettospeak（因激动等）哽得说不出话；堵塞destinationn.目的地skip▲v.略过，跳过；跳跃sorrowfula.showingorcausingsadness伤心的，悲伤的sorrown.inthedistancefarawayunpackv.takeout(things)from(asuitcase,etc.)打开rightawayatonceBackProperNamesFosterFurcolo福斯特·弗克洛Ed埃德（男子名）TimShea蒂姆·谢Parker帕克（姓氏或男子名）Culver卡尔弗（姓氏）Tom汤姆（男子名）BackIVSummaryThenarratorisverygoodatkeepingtheconversationgoing,foronething,heexpresseshisagreementtoshowthecabbiewhatasympatheticlistenerheis.Foranother,heasksquestionsdirectlytogetmoreinformationoutofthecabbie.V.ExercisesVocabularyTranslationWritingVI.ParagraphwritingWhatisfriendship?全新版大学英语综合教程第一全新版大学英语综合教程第一册册0303Unit3Unit3UnderstandingScienceUnderstandingSciencePartIPre-readingTaskListentotherecordingtwoorthreetimesandthenthinkoverthefollowingquestions:1.Whoisitabout?2.Whatquestionsinteresthim?3.Whatmakeshisachievementssoremarkable?Thefollowingwordsintherecordingmaybenewtoyou:universen.宇宙musclen.肌肉engagev.与…订婚PartIITextAProfessorHawkingthinksitimportanttokeepeverybodyintouchwithwhatscienceisabout.Inthisarticleheexplainswhy.PUBLICATTITUDESTOWARDSCIENCEWhetherwelikeitornot,theworldweliveinhaschangedagreatdealinthelasthundredyears,anditislikelytochangeevenmoreinthenexthundred.Somepeoplewouldliketostopthesechangesandgobacktowhattheyseeasapurerandsimplerage.Butashistoryshows,thepastwasnotthatwonderful.Itwasnotsobadforaprivilegedminority,thougheventheyhadtodowithoutmodernmedicine,andchildbirthwashighlyriskyforwomen.Butforthevastmajorityofthepopulation,lifewasnasty,brutish,andshort.Anyway,evenifonewantedto,onecouldn'tputtheclockbacktoanearlierage.Knowledgeandtechniquescan'tjustbeforgotten.Norcanonepreventfurtheradvancesinthefuture.Evenifallgovernmentmoneyforresearchwerecutoff(andthepresentgovernmentisdoingitsbest),theforceofcompetitionwouldstillbringaboutadvancesintechnology.Moreover,onecannotstopinquiringmindsfromthinkingaboutbasicscience,whetherornottheyarepaidforit.Theonlywaytopreventfurtherdevelopmentswouldbeaglobalstatethatsuppressedanythingnew,andhumaninitiativeandinventivenessaresuchthateventhiswouldn'tsucceed.Allitwoulddoisslowdowntherateofchange.Ifweacceptthatwecannotpreventscienceandtechnologyfromchangingourworld,wecanatleasttrytoensurethatthechangestheymakeareintherightdirections.Inademocraticsociety,thismeansthatthepublicneedstohaveabasicunderstandingofscience,sothatitcanmakeinformeddecisionsandnotleavetheminthehandsofexperts.Atthemoment,thepublicisintwomindsaboutscience.Ithascometoexpectthesteadyincreaseinthestandardoflivingthatnewdevelopmentsinscienceandtechnologyhavebroughttocontinue,butitalsodistrustssciencebecauseitdoesn'tunderstandit.ThisdistrustisevidentinthecartoonfigureofthemadscientistworkinginhislaboratorytoproduceaFrankenstein.ItisalsoanimportantelementbehindsupportfortheGreenparties.Butthepublicalsohasagreatinterestinscience,particularlyastronomy,asisshownbythelargeaudiencesforWhatcanbedonetoharnessthisinterestandgivethepublicthescientificbackgrounditneedstomakeinformeddecisionsonsubjectslikeacidrain,thegreenhouseeffect,nuclearweapons,andgeneticengineering?Clearly,thebasismustlieinwhatistaughtinschools.Butinschoolsscienceisoftenpresentedinadryanduninterestingmanner.Childrenlearnitbyrotetopassexaminations,andtheydon'tseeitsrelevancetotheworldaroundthem.Moreover,scienceisoftentaughtintermsofequations.Althoughequationsareabriefandaccuratewayofdescribingmathematicalideas,theyfrightenmostpeople.WhenIwroteapopularbookrecently,IwasadvisedthateachequationIincludedwouldhalvethesales.Iincludedoneequation,Einstein'sfamousequation,E=mc2.MaybeIwouldhavesoldtwiceasmanycopieswithoutit.Scientistsandengineerstendtoexpresstheirideasintheformofequationsbecausetheyneedtoknowtheprecisevaluesofquantities.Butfortherestofus,aqualitativegraspofscientificconceptsissufficient,andthiscanbeconveyedbywordsanddiagrams,withouttheuseofequations.Thesciencepeoplelearninschoolcanprovidethebasicframework.Buttherateofscientificprogressisnowsorapidthattherearealwaysnewdevelopmentsthathaveoccurredsinceonewasatschooloruniversity.Ineverlearnedaboutmolecularbiologyortransistorsatschool,butgeneticengineeringandcomputersaretwoofthedevelopmentsmostlikelytochangethewayweliveinthefuture.Popularbooksandmagazinearticlesaboutsciencecanhelptoputacrossnewdevelopments,buteventhemostsuccessfulpopularbookisreadbyonlyasmallproportionofthepopulation.Onlytelevisioncanreachatrulymassaudience.TherearesomeverygoodscienceprogrammesonTV,butotherspresentscientificwonderssimplyasmagic,withoutexplainingthemorshowinghowtheyfitintotheframeworkofscientificideas.Producersoftelevisionscienceprogrammesshouldrealizethattheyhavearesponsibilitytoeducatethepublic,notjustentertainit.Theworldtodayisfilledwithdangers,hencethesickjokethatthereasonwehavenotbeencontactedbyanaliencivilizationisthatcivilizationstendtodestroythemselveswhentheyreachourstage.ButIhavesufficientfaithinthegoodsenseofthepublictobelievethatwemightprovethiswrong.(812words)NewWordsandExpressionsattituden.看法；态度likelya.probable可能的ad.probably可能privilegeda.havingaspecialadvantage有特权的privilegen.特权minorityn.少数dowithout没有…而设法对付过去highlyad.very很，非常riskya.fullofdanger;fullofthepossibilityoffailure,loss,etc.危险的；有风险的nastya.veryunpleasant令人难受的brutisha.野兽般的，野蛮的anywayad.(usedtochangethesubjectofaconversationortosupportanideaorargument)anyhow不管怎么说put/turntheclockback倒退，开倒车cutoffstopproviding(sth.);remove(sth.)bycutting切断，中断；切下，剪下competitionn.竞争；比赛bringaboutmake(sth.)happen引起，导致technologyn.技术moreoverad.而且，再者inquiringa.showinganinterestinknowingaboutthings好问的，爱探索的inquirev.询问globala.worldwide,ofthewholeearth世界的，全球的suppress▲vt.keepfromappearing抑制；压制initiativen.首创精神；主动inventivenessn.发明才能，创造力slowdownmakeslower减慢raten.速度；比率ensurevt.makesure保证，确保democratica.民主的informeda.有知识的，了解情况的；明智的informvt.告诉，通知expertn.专家atthemomentnow此刻，目前intwominds犹豫不决；三心二意steadya.constant;firm平稳的；稳定的evidenta.clear,obvious明显的cartoonn.漫画；动画片elementn.成分；元素astronomy▲n.天文学audiencen.观众；听众；读者seriesn.连续；系列；系列节目fictionn.小说；虚构harnessvt.controlandmakeuseof驾驭；利用backgroundn.背景acida.,n.酸（性的）；酸味的（物质）greenhousen.温室nucleara.原子核的；核心的weaponn.武器genetic▲a.基因的；遗传（学）的engineeringn.工程；工程学basisn.基础lieinexistorbefoundin在于roten.死记硬背learnbyrote死记硬背地学习relevancen.相关，关联intermsof从…方面（或角度）来说；按照，根据equationn.等式，方程（式）briefa.short;quick简洁的；短暂的accuratea.exact准确的，精确的\mathematicala.数学的halvevt.将…减半tendvi.belikelytohappenorhaveaparticularcharacteristicoreffect倾向，趋向intheformofhavingtheshapeof;existinginaparticularform呈…的形状；以…形式precisea.exact精确的qualitativea.定性的；性质上的graspn.understanding掌握，了解conceptn.概念sufficienta.asmuchasisneeded,enough充分的，足够的conveyvt.make(ideas,feelings,etc.)knowntoanother传达；表达diagramn.图表；图解frameworkn.框架；结构moleculara.分子的biologyn.生物学transistorn.晶体管；晶体管收音机putacrosscausetobeunderstood解释清楚，使被理解proportionn.比例；部分trulyad.真正地；确实地magicn.魔术；魔力fitintobepartofasituation,system,etc.；bepartofagroupofpeopleorthings适合；符合；属于responsibilityn.责任educatevt.teachortrain教育entertainvt.givepleasureto;haveasaguest给…以欢乐；招待hencead.asaresult,therefore;fromthistime因此；从此contactvt.getintouchwith与…接触alien▲a.foreign;strange外国的；陌生的civilizationn.文明ProperNamesStephenHawking斯蒂芬·霍金Einstein爱因斯坦（1879—1955,美籍德国理论物理学家）Writing:What’syourattitudetowardsScience全新版大学英语第一册全新版大学英语第一册UNUNIT4IT4Unit4Unit4AmericanDreamAmericanDreamPartIPre-readingTaskListentotherecordingtwoorthreetimesandthenthinkoverthefollowingquestions:1.AccordingtoDr.Hertz,whatdidtheAmericanDreammeantohisgrandparents?2.InDr.Hertz'sopinion,whowantspeopletobelieveintheAmericanDream?Why?3.WhydoesDr.HertzsaytheAmericanDreamisinone'sheadandinone'spocket?4.WhatdoyouunderstandbytheAmericanDream?Thefollowingwordsintherecordingmaybenewtoyou:povertyn.贫穷advertisingn.广告宣传PartIITextATheAmericanDreammeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.Butformany,particularlyimmigrants,itmeanstheopportunitytomakeabetterlifeforthemselves.ForthemthedreamisthattalentandhardworkcantakeyoufromlogcabintoWhiteHouse.TonyTrivisonnodidnotrisequitesohigh,yethemanagedtomakehisowndreamcometrue.TONYTRIVISONNO'SAMERICANDREAMFrederickC.CrawfordHecamefromarockyfarminItaly,somewheresouthofRome.HoworwhenhegottoAmerica,Idon'tknow.ButoneeveningIfoundhimstandinginthedriveway,behindmygarage.Hewasaboutfive-foot-sevenoreight,andthin."Imowyourlawn,"hesaid.ItwashardtocomprehendhisbrokenEnglish.Iaskedhimhisname."TonyTrivisonno,"hereplied."Imowyourlawn."ItoldTonythatIcouldn'taffordagardener."Imowyourlawn,"hesaidagain,thenwalkedaway.Iwentintomyhouseunhappy.Yes,theseDepressiondaysweredifficult,buthowcouldItoturnawayapersonwhohadcometomeforhelp?WhenIgothomefromworkthenextevening,thelawnhadbeenmowed,thegardenweeded,andthewalksswept.Iaskedmywifewhathadhappened."Amangotthelawnmoweroutofthegarageandworkedontheyard,"sheanswered."Iassumedyouhadhiredhim."Itoldherofmyexperiencethenightbefore.Wethoughtitstrangethathehadnotaskedforpay.Thenexttwodayswerebusy,andIforgotaboutTony.Weweretryingtorebuildourbusinessandbringsomeofourworkersbacktotheplants.ButonFriday,returninghomealittleearly,IsawTonyagain,behindthegarage.Icomplimentedhimontheworkhehaddone."Imowyourlawn,"hesaid.Imanagedtoworkoutsomekindofsmallweeklypay,andeachdayTonycleaneduptheyardandtookcareofanylittletasks.Mywifesaidhewasveryhelpfulwhenevertherewereanyheavyobjectstoliftorthingstofix.Summerpassedintofall,andwindsblewcold."Mr.Craw,snowprettysoon,"Tonytoldmeoneevening."Whenwintercome,yougivemejobclearingsnowatthefactory."Well,whatdoyoudowithsuchdeterminationandhope?Ofcourse,Tonygothisjobatthefactory.Themonthspassed.Iaskedthepersonneldepartmentforareport.TheysaidTonywasaverygoodworker.OnedayIfoundTonyatourmeetingplacebehindthegarage."Iwanttobe'prentice,"hesaid.Wehadaprettygoodapprenticeschoolthattrainedlaborers.ButIdoubtedwhetherTonyhadthecapacitytoreadblueprintsandmicrometersordoprecisionwork.Still,howcouldIturnhimdown?Tonytookacutinpaytobecomeanapprentice.Monthslater,Igotareportthathehadgraduatedasaskilledgrinder.Hehadlearnedtoreadthemillionthsofaninchonthemicrometerandtoshapethegrindingwheelwithaninstrumentsetwithadiamond.MywifeandIweredelightedwithwhatwefeltwasasatisfyingendofthestory.Ayearortwopassed,andagainIfoundTonyinhisusualwaitingplace.Wetalkedabouthiswork,andIaskedhimwhathewanted"Mr.Craw,"hesaid,"Ilikeabuyahouse."Ontheedgeoftown,hehadfoundahouseforsale,acompletewreck.Icalledonabankerfriend."Doyoueverloanmoneyoncharacter?"Iasked."No,"hesaid."Wecan'taffordto.Nosale.""Now,waitaminute,"Ireplied."Hereisahard-workingman,amanofcharacter,Icanpromiseyouthat.He'sgotagoodjob.You'renotgettingadamnthingfromyourlot.Itwillstaythereforyears.Atleasthewillpayyourinterest."Reluctantly,thebankerwroteamortgagefor$2,000andgaveTonythehousewithnodownpayment.Tonywasdelighted.Fromthenon,itwasinterestingtoseethatanydiscardedoddsandendsaroundourplace—abrokenscreen,abitofhardware,boardsfrompacking—Tonywouldgatherandtakehome.Afterabouttwoyears,IfoundTonyinourfamiliarmeetingspot.Heseemedtostandalittlestraighter.Hewasheavier.Hehadalookofconfidence."Mr.Craw,Isellmyhouse!"hesaidwithpride."Igot$8,000."Iwasamazed."But,Tony,whereareyougoingtolivewithoutahouse?""Mr.Craw,Ibuyafarm."Wesatdownandtalked.Tonytoldmethattoownafarmwashisdream.HelovedthetomatoesandpeppersandalltheothervegetablesimportanttohisItaliandiet.HehadsentforhiswifeandsonanddaughterbackinItaly.Hehadhuntedaroundtheedgeoftownuntilhefoundasmall,abandonedpieceofpropertywithahouseandshed.Nowhewasmovinghisfamilytohisfarm.Sometimelater.TonyarrivedonaSundayafternoon,neatlydressed.HehadanotherItalianmanwithhim.HetoldmethathehadpersuadedhischildhoodfriendtomovetoAmerica.Tonywassponsoringhim.Withanamusedlookinhiseye,hetoldmethatwhentheyapproachedthelittlefarmhenowoperated,hisfriendstoodinamazementandsaid,"Tony,youareamillionaire!"Then,duringthewar,amessagecamefrommycompany.Tonyhadpassedaway.Iaskedourpeopletocheckonhisfamilyandseethateverythingwasproperlyhandled.Theyfoundthefarmgreenwithvegetables,thelittlehouselivableandhomey.Therewasatractorandagoodcarintheyard.Thechildrenwereeducatedandworking,andTonydidn'toweacent.Afterhepassedaway,IthoughtmoreandmoreaboutTony'scareer.Hegrewinstatureinmymind.Intheend,Ithinkhestoodastall,andasproud,asthegreatestAmericanindustrialists.Theyhadallreachedtheirsuccessbythesamerouteandbythesamevaluesandprinciples:vision,determination,self-control,optimism,self-respectand,aboveall,integrity.Tonydidnotbeginonthebottomrungoftheladder.Hebeganinthebasement.Tony'saffairsweretiny;thegreatestindustrialists'affairsweregiant.But,afterall,thebalancesheetswereexactlythesame.Theonlydifferencewaswhereyouputthedecimalpoint.TonyTrivisonnocametoAmericaseekingtheAmericanDream.Buthedidn'tfindit—hecreateditforhimself.Allhehadwere24precioushoursaday,andhewastednoneofthem.(1110words)NewWordsandExpressionsdrivewayn.宅旁私家车道mowv.修剪（草坪），刈（草）comprehendvt.understandfullylawnn.草地，草坪turnawayrefusetohelp(sb.)ortoallow(sb.)toenteraplace拒绝帮助；不让…进入weedv.除去…的杂草；除草n.杂草，野草assumevt.suppose假设；以为compliment▲vt.praise赞扬n.赞美的言辞或行为workoutplan;solve;calculate制定出；解决；算出weeklya.happeningonceaweekoreveryweek每周的；一周一次的cleanupmakecleanandtidy打扫，清除helpfula.givinghelp;useful有帮助的；有用的dowith(usedinquestionswithwhat)对待，处理determinationn.决心，决定personneln.人事部门；全体人员，全体职员apprenticen.学徒capacityn.theabilitytounderstandordosth.能力，才能micrometern.测微计，千分尺precisionn.thequalityofbeingexact精密；精确（性）turndownrefuse拒绝graduatev.（使）毕业n.（尤指大学）毕业生skilleda.havingskill;needingskill熟练的，有技巧的；技术性的grindern.磨工grind(ground)vt.磨，磨碎，碾碎instrumentn.工具，器械，仪器forsaleintendedtobesold待售wreckn.残破物；（尤指失事船只、飞机等的）残骸callonvisit(sb.)forashorttime拜访bankern.银行家；银行高级职员loanvt.lend(sth.)借，贷n.贷款；借，贷charactern.（人的）品德；品质；性格damna.，n.(infml)(usu.usedinnegatives)ofeventhesmallestamount丝毫reluctantlyad.勉强地reluctanta.mortgage▲n.抵押借款，按揭discardvt.(fml)throwaway抛弃oddsandends零星杂物，琐碎物品screenn.纱门，纱窗；屏；荧屏hardwaren.五金器具；（计算机的）硬件spotn.aparticularplace；asmalldirtymark地点；斑点confidencen.信心amazevt.surprise(sb.)verymuch使惊愕，使诧异amazementn.惊愕，诧异peppern.辣椒；胡椒粉Italiana.意大利的dietn.foodanddrinkusuallytakenbyapersonorgroup日常饮食sendforaskforthearrivalof派人去叫，召唤；派人去取huntv.寻找；打猎abandonvt.giveupcompletelyorforever抛弃，放弃propertyn.land,buildingsorbothtogether;sth.whichisowned（房）地产；财产shedn.小屋，棚vt.使脱落；使流出，散发出sometimead.某个时候sponsorvt.为…做保证人；主办，发起n.保证人；主办者，发起人amusevt.causetolaughorsmile;causetospendtimeinapleasantmanner逗乐；给…提供娱乐approachv.comenear(er)to接近millionaire▲n.百万富翁passaway(euph)(esp.ofaperson)die去世handlevt.manage;control管理，处理；操纵livablea.fitorpleasanttolivein适于居住的homeya.(infml)pleasant;likehome舒适的；像家一样的tractorn.拖拉机staturen.身材，身高；境界industrialistn.工业家，实业家routen.路线，路程principlen.guidingruleforbehavior;basictruth信条；原则；原理visionn.theabilitytomakegreatplansforthefuture;sight;theabilitytosee远见；视觉，视力optimism▲n.乐观主义self-respectn.properrespectforoneself自尊；自重aboveallmostimportantofall最重要的是integrity▲n.qualityofbeinghonestandresponsible;stateofbeingcomplete正直；完整rungn.（梯子的）横档，梯级basement▲n.地下室gianta.ofgreatsizeorforce巨大的n.巨人balancen.平衡；余额balancesheet资产负债表decimal▲小数createvt.produceormake(esp.sth.new)创造，创作ProperNamesTonyTrivisonno托尼·特里韦索诺FrederickC.Crawford弗雷德里克·C·克罗弗德Italy意大利Rome罗马（意大利首都）全新版大学英语第一册全新版大学英语第一册UNIT5UNIT5Unit5Unit5RomanceRomancePartIPre-readingTaskListentotherecordingtwoorthreetimesandthenthinkoverthefollowingquestions:1.Doyouhaveafavoritelovesong?Whatisitsname?Whoisthesinger?Canyousingorhumthetune?2.Whatisthesongyouhavejustheardmainlyabout?3.Doyouthinkitappropriatetobeginthisunitwithalovesong?Whyorwhynot?Thefollowingwordintherecordingmaybenewtoyou:rhymen.韵；韵味PartIITextAAletterortelephonecallcomesfromsomeoneyouhavenotmet,andyoufindyourselfimaginingwhatthepersonlookslike,puttingafacetothehiddenvoice.Areyouanygoodatthis?Sometimesitiseasytogetitwrong.AVALENTINESTORYDougBellJohnBlanchardstoodupfromthebench,straightenedhisArmyuniform,andstudiedthecrowdofpeoplemakingtheirwaythroughGrandCentralStation.Helookedforthegirlwhoseheartheknew,butwhosefacehedidn't,thegirlwiththerose.HisinterestinherhadbeguntwelvemonthsbeforeinaFloridalibrary.Takingabookofftheshelfhesoonfoundhimselfabsorbed,notbythewordsofthebook,butbythenotespenciledinthemargin.ThesofthandwritingreflectedathoughtfulsoulandinsightfulmindInthefrontofthebook,hediscoveredthepreviousowner'sname,MissHollisMaynell.Withtimeandefforthelocatedheraddress.ShelivedinNewYorkCity.Hewroteheraletterintroducinghimselfandinvitinghertocorrespond.ThenextdayhewasshippedoverseasforserviceinWorldWarII.Duringthenextyearthetwogrewtoknoweachotherthroughthemail.Eachletterwasaseedfallingonafertileheart.Aromancewasbudding.Blanchardrequestedaphotograph,butsherefused.Sheexplained:"Ifyourfeelingformehasanyreality,anyhonestbasis,whatIlooklikewon'tmatter.SupposeI'mbeautiful.I'dalwaysbehauntedbythefeelingthatyouhadbeentakingachanceonjustthat,andthatkindoflovewoulddisgustme.SupposeI'mplain(andyoumustadmitthatthisismorelikely).ThenI'dalwaysfearthatyouweregoingonwritingtomeonlybecauseyouwerelonelyandhadnooneelse.No,don'taskformypicture.WhenyoucometoNewYork,youshallseemeandthenyoushallmakeyourdecison.Remember,bothofusarefreetostoportogoonafterthat—whicheverwechoose..."WhenthedayfinallycameforhimtoreturnfromEurope,theyscheduledtheirfirstmeeting—7:00p.m.atGrandCentralStation,NewYork"You'llrecognizeme,"shewrote,"bytheredroseI'llbewearingonmylapel."So,at7:00p.m.hewasinthestationlookingforagirlwhohadfilledsuchaspecialplaceinhislifeforthepast12months,agirlhehadneverseen,yetwhosewrittenwordshadbeenwithhimandsustainedhimunfailingly.I'llletMr.Blanchardtellyouwhathappened:Ayoungwomanwascomingtowardme,herfigurelongandslim.Hergoldenhairlaybackincurlsfromherdelicateears;hereyeswereblueasflowers.Herlipsandchinhadagentlefirmness,andinherpalegreensuitshewaslikespringtimecomealive.Istartedtowardher,entirelyforgettingtonoticethatshewasnotwearingarose.AsImoved,asmall,provocativesmilecurvedherlips."Goingmyway,sailor?"shemurmured.AlmostuncontrollablyImadeonestepclosertoher,andthenIsawHollisMaynell.Shewasstandingalmostdirectlybehindthegirl.Awomanwellpast40,shehadgrayinghairpinnedupunderawornhat.Shewasmorethanalittleoverweight,herthick-ankledfeetthrustintolow-heeledshoes.Thegirlinthegreensuitwaswalkingquicklyaway.IfeltasthoughIwassplitintwo,sokeenwasmydesiretofollowher,andyetsodeepwasmylongingforthewomanwhosespirithadtrulycompanionedmeandupheldmyownAndthereshestood.Herpale,roundfacewasgentleandsensible,hergrayeyeshadawarmandkindlyglow.Ididnothesitate.Myfingersgrippedthesmallwornblueleathercopyofthebookthatwastoidentifymetoher.Thiswouldnotbelove,butitwouldbesomethingprecious,somethingperhapsevenbetterthanlove,afriendshipforwhichIhadbeenandmusteverbegrateful.Isquaredmyshouldersandsalutedandheldoutthebooktothewoman,eventhoughwhileIspokeIfeltchokedbythebitternessofmydisappointment."I'mLieutenantJohnBlanchard,andyoumustbeMissMaynell.Iamsogladyoucouldmeetme;mayItakeyoutodinner?"Thewoman'sfacebroadenedintoasmile."Idon'tknowwhatthisisabout,son,"sheanswered,"buttheyoungladyinthegreensuitwhojustwentby,shebeggedmetowearthisroseonmycoat.Andshesaidifyouweretoaskmeouttodinner,Ishouldgoandtellyouthatsheiswaitingforyouinthebigrestaurantacrossthestreet.Shesaiditwassomekindoftest!"It'snotdifficulttounderstandandadmireMissMaynell'swisdom.Thetruenatureofaheartisseeninitsresponsetotheunattractive."Tellmewhomyoulove,"Houssayewrote,"andIwilltellyouwhoyouare."(890words)NewWordsandExpressionsvalentinen.情人straightenv.(causeto)becomestraightorlevel（使）变直；（使）变平整makeone'swaygo走去granda.splendidinsizeorappearance宏伟的；壮丽的absorbvt.completelyholdtheattentionof(sb.);takein完全吸引住…的注意；吸收marginn.页边空白handwritingn.笔迹；手写稿reflectvt.beasignof,show反映，显示thoughtfula.thinkingaboutwhatotherpeopleneed;thinkingdeeply体贴的；深思的insightfula.具有洞察力的insightn.洞察力previousa.happeningorcomingbeforeorearlier早先的，先前的ownern.apersonwhoownssth.所有人locatevt.findtheexactpositionof;establishinacertainplace找到…的位置；使坐落于correspondvi.exchangelettersregularly通信overseasad.,a.toorinanothercountry去（在）国外（的），去（在）海外（的）fertilea.(ofland)abletoproducegoodcrops肥沃的，富饶的romance▲n.lovestory;loveaffair爱情故事；风流韵事bud▲v.发芽；萌芽haunt▲vt.make(sb.)worryormake(them)sad;(ofghosts)visit(aplace)regularly使担忧，使苦恼；（鬼魂）常出没于takeachance(onsth.)attempttodosth.inspiteofthepossibilityoffailure;takearisk碰运气；冒险disgustvt.causeastrongandoftensickfeelingofdislike使厌恶，使反感schedulevt.arrangeforsth.tohappenortobedoneataparticulartime安排；排定n.工作日程表，进度表lapeln.（西服上衣的）翻领sustainvt.supportemotionally;keep(aneffort,etc.)going,maintain支持；使（努力等）持续下去，保持slima.slender;small苗条的；细小的，微小的blondea.,n.(woman)havingfairoryellowhair金发的（女郎）curln.鬈发delicatea.fine,well-formed;soft,tender精美的；柔软的，娇嫩的chinn.下巴，颏provocative▲a.挑逗的；挑衅的curvev.（使）弯曲gosb.'swaygoinsb.'sdirection朝某人走去sailorn.水手，海员；航海者murmur▲v.轻声说，咕哝grayv.（使）变成灰色tuck▲vt.把…塞进（某处）morethanalittlevery很，非常overweighta.toofatorheavy过胖的，超重的anklen.踝；踝节部thrustv.挤入；插入；猛推heeln.（鞋、袜等的）后跟；脚后跟，踵splitv.(causeto)breakintotwoormoreparts裂开；破裂keena.(ofinterest,feelings,etc.)strong;deep强烈的；热切的longingn.earnestdesire渴望companionvt.spendtimeorgosomewherewith(sb.)陪伴uphold▲vt.support支持，维护sensiblea.showingorhavinggoodsense通情达理的，理智的glown.awarmlight光亮，光辉hesitatevi.pausebeforedoingsth.ormakingadecision踌躇，犹豫gripv.takeaverytighthold(of)握紧，紧握leathern.（动物的）皮，皮革identifyvt.recognizeorsaywhoorwhat(sb./sth.)is识别gratefula.feelingorshowingthankstoanotherperson感激的begratefulto(sb.)for(sth.)因（某事）而感激（某人）salute▲v.（向…）行举手礼lieutenant▲n.海军上尉；陆军中尉broadenv.makeorbecomebroader（使）变宽；（使）扩大wisdomn.智慧；明智responsen.reaction;answer反应；回答inresponsetoinanswerto作为对…的回应attractivea.pretty;abletoattract美的；有吸引力的ProperNamesDougBell道格·贝尔Blanchard布兰查德（姓氏）Florida（美国）佛罗里达州HollisMaynell霍利斯·梅奈尔NewYorkCity纽约（市）Houssaye何赛（姓氏）全新版大学英语第二册全新版大学英语第二册UNIT6UNIT6Unit6Unit6AnimalIntelligenceAnimalIntelligenceSpotdictationQuestions&AnswersWatch&DiscussPre-readingActivitiesHowtoapplytoourreallifethetypicalexpressionsandpatternstakenfromthetextExpressions&PatternsAlltheexercisesforSectionAExercisesMainideaanddevicesfordevelopingitTextAnalysisBlankfillingSummaryTipsforPara.writingParagraphWritingPartIPre-readingTaskListentotherecordingtwoorthreetimesandthenthinkoverthefollowingquestions:1.WhatdoyouknowaboutMichaelJackson?2.HowdoeshefeelaboutBen?Why?3.DoyouthinkthesongBenrevealssomethingabouttherelationshipbetweenmanandanimals?Ifso,whatisit?4.Isthesongrelatedtothethemeoftheunit—animalintelligence?How?PartIITextAFood,warmth,sleep?Theirthoughtsmaybemuchdeeperthanthat.WHATANIMALSREALLYTHINKEuqeneLindenOvertheyears,Ihavewrittenextensivelyaboutanimal-intelligenceexperimentsandthecontroversythatsurroundsthem.Doanimalsreallyhavethoughts,whatwecallconsciousness?Wonderingwhethertheremightbebetterwaystoexploreanimalintelligencethanexperimentsdesignedtoteachhumansigns,Irealizedwhatnowseemsobvious:ifanimalscanthink,theywillprobablydotheirbestthinkingwhenitservestheirownpurposes,notwhenscientistsaskthemto.AndsoIstartedtalkingtovets,animalresearchers,zookeepers.Mostdonotstudyanimalintelligence,buttheyencounterit,andthelackofit,everyday.ThestoriestheytellusrevealwhatI'mconvincedisanewwindowonanimalintelligence:thekindofmentalfeatsanimalsperformwhendealingwithcaptivityandthedominantspeciesontheplanet—humans.Let'sMakeaDealConsiderthetimeCharleneJendry,aconservationistattheColumbusZoo,learnedthatafemalegorillanamedColowashandlingasuspiciousobject.Arrivingonthescene,JendryofferedColosomepeanuts,onlytobemetwithablankstare.Realizingtheywerenegotiating,Jendryraisedthestakesandofferedapieceofpineapple.Atthispoint,whilemaintainingeyecontact,Coloopenedherhandandrevealedakeychain.Relieveditwasnotanythingdangerousorvaluable,JendrygaveColothepineapple.Carefulbargainerthatshewas,ColothenbrokethekeychainandgaveJendryalink,perhapsfiguring.WhygiveherthewholethingifIcangetabitofpineappleforeachpiece?Ifananimalcanshowskillintradingonethingforanother,whynotinhandlingmoney?OneorangutannamedChantekdidjustthatinasign-languagestudyundertakenbyanthropologistLynMilesattheUniversityofTennessee.Chantekfiguredoutthatifhedidtaskslikecleaninghisroom,he'dearncoinstospendontreatsandridesinMiles'scar.Buttheorangutan'sunderstandingofmoneyseemedtoextendfarbeyondsimpledealings.Milesfirstusedplasticchipsascoins,butChantekdecidedhecouldexpandthemoneysupplybybreakingchipsintwo.WhenMilesswitchedtometalchips,Chantekfoundpiecesoftinfoilandtriedtomakecopies.MilesalsotriedtoteachChantekmorevirtuoushabitssuchassavingandsharing.Indeed,whenIcaughtupwiththeorangutanatZooAtlanta,wherehenowlives,Isawanexampleofsharingthatanyonemightenvy.WhenMilesgaveChanteksomegrapesandaskedhimtosharethem,Chantekpromptlyateallthefruit.Then,asifhe'djustrememberedhe'dbeenaskedtoshare,hehandedMilesthestemTaleofaWhaleWhywouldananimalwanttocooperatewithahuman?Behavioristswouldsaythatanimalscooperatewhentheylearnitisintheirinteresttodoso.Thisistrue,butIdon'tthinkitgoesfarenough.GailLaule,aconsultantonanimalbehavior,speaksofOrky,akillerwhale,sheknew."OfalltheanimalsI'veworkedwith,hewasthemostintelligent,"shesays."Hewouldassessasituationandthendosomethingbasedonthejudgmentshemade."Likethetimehehelpedsaveafamilymember.WhenOrky'smate,Corky,gavebirth,thebabydidnotthriveatfirst,andkeeperstookthelittlewhaleoutofthetankbystretcherforemergencycare.Thingsbegantogowrongwhentheyreturnedthebabywhaletothetank.Astheworkershaltedthestretcherafewmetersabovethewater,thebabysuddenlybeganthrowingupthroughitsmouth.Thekeepersfeareditwouldchoke,buttheycouldnotreachthebabytohelpit.Apparentlysizinguptheproblem,Orkyswamunderthestretcherandallowedoneofthementostandonhishead,somethinghe'dneverbeentrainedtodo.Then,usinghistailtokeepsteady,Orkyletthekeeperreachupandreleasethe420-poundbabysothatitcouldslideintothewaterwithinreachofhelp.PrimateShellGameSometimesevidenceofintelligencecanbeseeninattemptstodeceive.ZookeeperHelenShewmanofSeattle'sWoodlandParkZoorecallsthatonedayshedroppedanorangethroughafeedingholeforMelati,anorangutan.Insteadofmovingawaytogetit,MelatilookedShewmanintheeyeandheldoutherhand.Thinkingtheorangemusthaverolledoffsomewhereinaccessible,Shewmangaveheranotherone.ButwhenMelatimovedoff,Shewmannoticedtheoriginalorangewashiddeninherotherhand.Towan,thecolony'sdominantmale,watchedthiswholetrick,andthenextdayhe,too,lookedShewmanintheeyeandpretendedthathehadnotyetreceivedanorange."Areyousureyoudon'thaveone?"Shewmanasked.Hecontinuedtoholdhergazesteadilyandheldouthishand.Givingin,shegavehimanotherone,thensawthathehadbeenhidinghisorangeunderneathhisfoot.Whatisintelligenceanyway?Iflifeisaboutsurvivalofaspecies—andintelligenceismeanttoservethatsurvival—thenwecan'tcomparewithpea-brainedseaturtles,whichwereherelongbeforeusandsurvivedthedisasterthatwipedoutthedinosaurs.Still,itiscomfortingtorealizethatotherspeciesbesidesourowncanstandbackandassesstheworldaroundthem,eveniftheirhorizonsaremorelimitedthanours.(928words)NewWordsandExpressionsextensivelyad.toalargeextent,orinalargeamount广泛地；大量地intelligencen.智力intelligenta.聪明的，有才智的controversyn.争论，争议surroundvt.beorgoallaround(sth.orsb.)围绕；包围consciousnessn.意识explorevt.examinethoroughly,learnabout探究，探索obviousa.easytoseeandunderstand;clear明显的vetn.兽医encountervt.meet,esp.unexpectedly遇到，遭遇revealvt.make(sth.)known展示；揭露convincevt.make(sb.)feelsurebytheuseofargumentorevidence使确信，使信服feat▲n.技艺；业绩，功绩captivityn.被俘；监禁；束缚dominanta.ruling;mostimportantorstrongest统治的；占优势的speciesn.（单复同）物种makeadealreachanagreementorarrangement,esp.inbusinessorpolitics达成交易conservationistn.自然资源保护论者femalea.雌的；女（性）的n.雌性的动物或植物；女人gorillan.大猩猩suspicious▲a.causingorshowingafeelingthatsth.iswrong可疑的；猜疑的peanut▲n.花生blanka.withoutexpression;withoutwriting,orothermarks没有表情的；空白negotiatevi.discussinordertocometoanagreement谈判，协商staken.(usu.pl)奖品；奖金；赌注pineapplen.凤梨，菠萝maintainvt.continuetodoorhave(sth.)保持；继续relievevt.free(sb.)frompain,anxiety,etc.;ease(pain,anxiety,etc.)使减轻痛苦或焦虑等；减轻（痛苦或焦虑等）linkn.链环；环节；联系v.joinorconnect联系，连接orangutann.猩猩undertakevt.(undertook,undertaken)carryout;takeupononeself(atask,etc.)从事；承担（任务等anthropologistn.人类学者figureoutunderstand;reasonout理解；推断出extendv.(causeto)stretchorreach;makelargerorlonger延伸，伸展；扩大；加长dealingn.(usu.pl)businessrelations交易，买卖plastica.塑料的chipn.薄片；碎片；集成电路片expandv.(causeto)growlarger扩大，扩展switchv.change;shift转换，变换foil▲n.金属薄片，箔virtuousa.showingmoralgoodness有道德的；善良的envyvt.,n.妒忌；羡慕grapen.葡萄promptlyad.immediately立即地stemn.茎，（树）干，（叶）梗whalen.鲸cooperatevi.actorworktogether合作，协作behavioristn.行为主义者insb.'sinterest(s)tosb.'sadvantage为了某人的利益gofarhelpverymuch;achievemuchsuccess帮助很大；很有成效consultantn.顾问behaviorn.thewayoneactsorbehaves举止，行为assessvt.judgethequality,importanceorworthof评估，估量judgmentn.判断；意见，看法maten.配偶；伙伴，同事thrivevi.growstrongandhealthy;developwell茁壮成长；兴旺atfirstatthebeginning起先stretchern.担架emergencyn.anunexpectedanddangeroushappeningwhichmustbedealtwithatonce紧急情况；突然事件gowrongstopdevelopingwell有毛病，出故障haltv.(causeto)stop停住，停止throwup(infml)vomit呕吐apparentlyad.itisclear(that)明显地sizeupcarefullyexamine(asituationorperson)inordertomakeajudgement估量，判断releasevt.setfree释放slidev.(causeto)movesmoothlyalongasurface（使）滑动primaten.灵长目动物evidencen.sth.thatgivesareasonforbelievingsth.;trace证据；迹象deceivev.trytomake(sb.)believesth.thatisfalse欺骗inaccessiblea.verydifficultorimpossibletoreach达不到的；难得到的originala.firstorearliest最初的；原始的colonyn.（生长在同一地方的动物或植物）群，群体；殖民地malen.雄性动物或植物；男子a.雄的；男（性）的gazen.,v.凝视，注视givein让步；屈服；投降underneathprep.,ad.underorbelow在…下面，在…底下pea-braineda.笨的turtlen.（海）龟survivev.remainaliveinspiteof;continuetoliveorexistafter幸免于；继续存在，幸存survivaln.disastern.aneventcausinggreatsufferinganddamage灾难wipeoutgetridofordestroy消灭，消除dinosaurn.恐龙horizonn.眼界，见识；地平线ProperNamesUgeneLinden尤金·林登CharleneJendry查伦·延德里ColumbusZoo哥伦布动物园Colo科洛（文中指动物名）Chantek夏特克（文中指动物名）LynMiles琳·迈尔斯UniversityofTennessee田纳西大学ZooAtlantaGailLaule盖尔·劳尔Orky奥基（文中指动物名）Corky科基（文中指动物名）HelenShewman海伦·休曼Seattle西雅图（美国华盛顿州西部港市）WoodlandParkZoo伍德兰公园动物园Melati梅拉蒂（文中指动物名）Towan托温（文中指动物名全新版大学英语第一册UNIT7Unit7EmergencyPartIPre-readingTaskListentotherecordingtwoorthreetimesandthenthinkoverthefollowingquestions:1.Howdidthefatherunderstandcourageatfirst?2.Whatdidcouragemeantothefatherafterthefirewasputout?3.Thepoetsaysthatfiremenfightawartheycanneverwin.Whatdoeshemean?4.Howdoescourageasdescribedinthepoemrelatetothethemeoftheunit—emergency?Thefollowingwordsintherecordingmaybenewtoyou:clad（clothe的过去式和过去分词）穿上armorn.盔甲（文中指防火衣）atstake在危险中lairn.兽穴talonn.魔爪PartIITextAAtfirstitseemedasifitmightjustbeanoldboxorragsaheadofthetrain.Butthentheyrealizedjustwhatitwas."KIDSONTHETRACK!"JackMurphyMonday,May1,1989wasapleasantmorninginRamsey,N.J.KatePritchardbentoverhercartrunkandstruggledwiththebagsofgroceriesshe'djustbroughthome.Sheheardthedistantcryofalocomotivehorn.ThetrainsofConrailpassedlessthan300feetfromthePritchards'house.Nofenceseparatedtheirbackyardfromthetrack—onlyathickrowoftrees.But,hersons,3(1/2)-year-oldToddand18-month-oldScott,werenearby,playingonthedriveway."Stayrightthere,"Katesaid,"whileMommyputsthegroceriesaway.Thenwe'llgoinsideandhavelunch,okay?""Okay!"saidTodd,givingathumbs-upgesturehe'dseenhisfathermake."Okay!"echoedScott,tryingtocopyhisolderbrother.Theywatchedtheirmotherenterthehousewithseveralbags.Kateshuttherefrigeratorandhurriedoutside.Good.Theboyswereplayingrightwhereshe'dleftthem.Assheliftedmorebagsfromthetrunk,Kateheardatrainracepast—apassengerexpress,shejudgedfromitsspeed.Shecarriedmorebagsintothehouse.Thesoundsofthetrainapparentlydrewtheboys'attentiontothetrack.Aftermakingtheirwaythroughthetrees,theyclimbedtothetopofthesteeproadbed,kneltdownalongtherailroadandbegantoplay.Afewthousandfeetwest,afreighttrainrolledslowlytowardthechildren.OverheadlightssignaledtoengineerRichCampanathatthepassengertrainaheadwasoutoftheway,andtheycouldresumetheirnormalspeedof40milesperhour.Theengineeradjustedtheaccelerator,thenturnedtoconductorAnthonyFalzo,aman,mediuminheightandstronglybuilt,whohadworkedforConrailforalmosthalfofhis35years."Sowhat'dyoudoovertheweekend,Anthony?""Oh,notmuch.Mostlymessingaround—alittleTV,thenbed.Whatelse?"Campanasmiled."Hey,you'dbettercooldown,Anthony—you'regettingtobearealpartyanimal!"Thetwomenlaughed.Theywerestilllaughingasthetrainbegangatheringspeed,movingat21milesperhour.RichandAnthonyspottedsomethingaheadatthesameinstant."What'sthatupthere?"askedtheengineer.Anthonydidn'tanswer.Staringintently,hewastryingtoidentifythecuriousshapeonthetrackahead.Abox?Oldrags?Suddenlybothmenrealizedwhatitwas.Richthrewontheemergencybrakeandpulledontheair-hornhandlewithallhisstrength.Thehorn'sblastandAnthony'swordsexplodedatthesametime:"KidsontheTrack!"Anthonysprangthroughthecabdoorontoanarrowrunningboardsixfeetabovethewheelsandracedtothefrontoftheswayingtrain.Climbingquicklydownasteelladder,hepausedatthebottom,twofeetabovetheroadbedflashingby.Nowhecouldclearlyseethetwolittlechildren.Theyweresittingalongsidetherail.Anthonywavedwildlyandshouted,"Getaway!Getaway!"Hementallycalculatedthetrain'sdecelerationrateandgroaned.We'llneverstopintime.Absorbedinplay,ToddandScottdidnothearthetrain.Finally,asthesoundbecamethunderous,ScottlookedupandfrozeThoughthetrainwasslowing,Anthonyknewitwasstillgoingfasterthanhecouldrun.Soheforcedhimselftowaituntilhewouldbecloseenoughtoleapoffandgrabtheboys.Withperhapstenfeetleftbetweenthemandthesharp-edgedsnowplowbladeatthefrontofthetrain,Anthonysprangforwardfromtheladder.Landingontheloose,fist-sizestonesalongsidethetrack,hehadtostruggletokeephisbalance.Intwogiantstepshealmostreachedthechildren.Theystaredupathiminwide-eyedshock.Anthony,throwinghisbodyintospace,flewtowardthem.TheunendingblastofthetrainhornstruckKatePritchardlikeahammerblow."Theboys!"shecried,andracedoutthedoor.Theyweregone!Thetrack,shethought.Imustgettothetrack!Ashisbodycrasheddownward,AnthonycoveredToddwhilereachingoutwithonearmtograbScottandpullhimclearofthetrack.Butthetrainhadcaughtuptothem.Anthonysawtheblacksteeledgeofthesnowplowbladehittheyoungchildunderthechin,drivinghisheadbackandscrapingoverhisface.Instantly,bloodflashedacrosstheboy'sforehead.PartofthetrainthenpunchedintothebackofAnthony'sworkjacket,tearingthenylonfabric.Still,AnthonymanagedtopullScottcompletelyunderhimfabric.Still,AnthonymanagedtopullScottcompletelyunderhim.He'sdead,Anthonythought.Hefeltsickwithhorror.Buryinghisfaceinthestones,hepusheddownwardonthetwoboyswithallhisstrengthasthetrainpassedinchesabovethem.ThefirstpersonKatesawwhenshereachedthehaltedtrainwasTodd.Herolderboywasjumpingupanddownandcryinguncontrollably.ButKatecouldseehewasn'tinjured.Shegrabbedandhuggedhim.Thenshesawthestillfigureofamanlyingunderthethirdcar.Scott'shead,amaskofdarkeningblood,wasvisibleunderhim.Katerantothem."Scott!"shescreamed.Anthonytwistedtofaceher."Lady,"hesaid,hisvoicecalm,"gotoyourhouse.Callthepoliceandambulance."Kate,onlyhalfhearinghim,extendedherarmstotakeherbaby.Anthonyspokeagain,moresharply,"Ma'am,listen!Gotoyourhouseandcallthepolice—callanambulance.Go!"Katetorebacktothehouse,madethecalls,thenreachedherhusband,Gary,viahisbeeper.Whenthefirstpolicecararrived,AnthonywasstillholdinglittleScott.Theconductorknewfromthechild'scriesthathewasalive,butScottmighthaveinternalinjuriesthatanymovementcouldworsen.SoAnthonyinsistedtheemergencypersonnelchecktheboybeforehewouldreleasehisgrip.Miraculously,Scott'sinjurieswerenotserious,requiringjust13stitches.Therehadonlybeen14inchesbetweentheplowbladeandtheground.ReporterslateraskedAnthonyifhehadhesitatedbeforeriskinghislife."No,"hereplied."AllIcouldthinkwasthatthosetwolittlekidshavetheirwholelivesstillaheadofthem,andifIdonothing,they'redead.TherewasnowayIcouldletthathappen."Soonaftertheincident,AnthonyvisitedthePritchards'home.HerecallsputtinghisarmsaroundToddandScottandliftingthem."ItmademerememberthemomentwhenIfirstshelteredthemunderthetrain.Itwasastrangefeeling,holdingthemagain—andwonderfultoo."Sincethatfirstvisit,thePritchardssaythatAnthonyhasalmostbecomeamemberofthefamily.Theyalsoreportthatafencenowseparatestheirneighborhoodfromtherailroadtrack.(1161words)NewWordsandExpressionsrunkn.汽车后部的行李箱trugglewithhavedifficultyhandlingorcopingwith费力地对付groceryn.(usu.pl)食品杂货ocomotiven.机车hornn.喇叭nearby.,ad.附近的；在附近humbs-upn.翘拇指（赞同或满意的表示）gesturen.手势；姿势echov.repeat(another'swords,ideas,etc.)重复drawsb.'sattentiontomakesb.awareof(sth.)引起（某人）注意steepa.risingorfallingsharply陡峭的kneelvi.godownontheknees;restontheknees跪下；跪着reightn.货物；货运overhead.aboveone'shead;inthesky在上头的；架空的ignal.send(sth.suchasawarningoramessage)byalightoranact发信号传达outoftheway远离，不碍事esumet.beginagainafterapause重新开始，恢复perprep.foreach每cceleratorn.加速器，加速装置onductorn.(AmE)列车员medium.cominghalfwaybetween;notextreme中等的.ameanswhichcanbeusedtoexpressorcommunicatesth.媒质，媒介messt.putintodisorder弄乱；弄脏.混乱；脏乱messaroundnfml)dothingsinanaimlessway;spendtimeplaying随意做事；闲荡eynt.嗨（用以唤起注意等）ooldowncauseto)becomecalmer（使）冷静下来pott.seeorrecognize看出，认出nstant.片刻，瞬息ntentlyd.withgreatattention专心地agn.破布；抹布；（pl）破旧衣服braken.制动器，刹车pullon用力拉withallone'sstrength使劲，用全力blastn.（汽笛等的）鸣叫xplodei.burstwithaloudnoise爆发；爆炸way.(causeto)moveorswingslowlyfromsidetoside（使）摇动；（使）摇摆lashi.moveveryfast;produceasuddenbrightlight飞驰，掠过；闪烁alculate.计算decelerationn.减速groan▲.呻吟hunderous.extremelyloud雷鸣似的；极响的eapi.jump跳，跃grab.seizesuddenly;takeroughlyandquickly猛地抓取bladen.刀刃，刀身；刀片oosea.松散的hammern.榔头，锤rashvi.fallorstrikesuddenly,violently,andnoisily突然重重倒下；坠毁；碰撞eachouttretchone'sarm,usu.inordertogetortouch(sth.)伸手抓learofreefrom,notincontactwith离开；不接触crapev.刮，擦instantlyad.atonce;immediately立即，即刻foreheadn.前额punchv.hithard猛击，用力击nylonn.尼龙fabricn.织物，织品；构造，结构horrorn.greatfearorshock恐惧，震惊upanddown一上一下地injurevt.harm,hurt；damage损害；伤害injuryn.hug▲vt.holdtightlyinone'sarms紧抱maskn.面具，面罩visiblea.thatcanbeseen看得见的，可见的twistv.转动；（使）扭曲；扭伤ambulancen.救护车ma'am=madam女士，小姐viaprep.bymeansof;bywayof通过；经过beepern.BP机，拷机nternala.oforintheinside内部的；内在的miraculouslyad.likeamiracle奇迹般地stitch▲n.（缝合伤口、缝纫、刺绣等的）一针，针脚riskvt.put(sth.)inadangerousposition使遭受危险n.危险，风险nowayinfml)innoway;definitelynot不行；决不ncidentn.sth.thathappens事情；事件sheltervt.protect;cover保护；遮蔽n.隐蔽处；躲避处roperNamesackMurphy杰克·墨菲Ramsey拉姆齐（地名）N.J.=NewJersey（美国）新泽西州KatePritchard凯特·普理查德Conrail联铁（一家主要在美国东北部营运的铁路公司，ConsolidatedRailCorporation的缩合词）Todd托德（男子名或姓氏）Scott斯科特（男子名或姓氏）RichCampana里奇·坎普纳AnthonyFalzo安东尼·法尔佐Gary加里（男子名或姓氏）全新版大学英语第一册全新版大学英语第一册UUNIT8NIT8Unit8Unit8CopingwithanEducationalCopingwithanEducationalProblemProblemPartIPre-readingTaskListentotherecordingtwoorthreetimesandthenthinkoverthefollowingquestions:1.Whatwastheteacher'spurposeinaskinghisclasstheriddle?2.WhatcanyoulearnaboutLittleGeoffreyfromhisanswertotheriddle?Washeusedtotryingtothinkclearly?Hadheformedthehabitofmakinggooduseofhisbrain?3.Isthestoryrelatedtothethemeoftheunit—copingwithaneducationalproblem?Inwhatway?hefollowingwordsandexpressionsintherecordingmaybenewtoyou:ddle谜语ratchone'shead头（表示迷惑等）nitone'sbrows眉TextABenjaminSteinweavesataletobringhometoyoungAmericanstheneedtochangethewaytheythinkabouteducation.Readitandseewhetheryouthinkitholdsanylessonsforusaswell.FABLEOFTHELAZYTEENAGERBenjaminSteinOnedaylastfall,Iranoutoffilefoldersandwenttothedrugstoretobuymore.Iputahandfuloffoldersonthecounterandaskedateenagesalesgirlhowmuchtheycost."Idon'tknow,"sheanswered."Butit's12centseach."Icountedthefolders."Twenty-threeat12centseach,thatmakes$2.76beforetax,"Isaid."Youdidthatinyourhead?"sheaskedinamazement."Howcanyoudothat?""It'smagic,"Isaid."Really?"sheasked.Nomodestlyeducatedadultcanfailtobeupsetbysuchanexperience.Whileourchildrenseembetter-naturedthanever,theyaresoignorant—andsoignorantoftheirignorance—thattheyfrightenme.Inaclassof60seniorsataprivatecollegewhereIrecentlytaught,notonestudentcouldwriteashortpaperwithoutmisspellings.Notone.Butthisisjustatinysliceoftheproblem.TheabilitytoperformeventhesimplestcalculationsisonlyamemoryamongmanystudentsIsee,andtheirknowledgeofworldhistoryorgeographyisnonexistent.Moreover,thereisachillingindifferenceaboutallthisignorance.Theattitudewassummedupbyafriend'sbright,lazy16-year-oldson,whoexplainedwhyhepreferrednottogotoU.C.L.A."Idon'twanttohavetocompetewithAsians,"hesaid."Theyworkhardandknoweverything."Infact,thisyoungmanwillhavetocompetewithAsianswhetherhewantstoornot.Hecannotliveforeveronthefinancial,materialandhumancapitalaccumulatedbyhisancestors.Atsomepointsoon,hisintellectuallazinesswillseriouslyaffecthiswayoflife.Itwillalsoaffecttherestofus.Amodernindustrialstatecannotfunctionwithanidle,ignorantlaborforce.Planeswillcrash.Computerswilljam.Carswillbreakdown.TodrivethismessagehometosuchyoungAmericans,Ihaveahumblesuggestion:amovie,orTVseries,dramatizingjusthowdifficultitwasforthiscountrytogetwhereitis—andhoweasilyitcouldallbelost.Iofferthefollowingfable.Asthestoryopens,ourhero,KevinHanley1990,a17-year-oldhighschoolsenior,issittinginhisroom,feelingbitter.HisparentsinsisthestudyforhisEuropeanhistorytest.HewantstogoshoppingforheadphonesforhisportableCDplayer.Thebookheisforcedtoread—TheWealthofNations—putshimtosleep.Kevindreamsitis1835,andheishisowngreat-great-great-grandfatherat17,apeasantinCountyKerry,Ireland.Helivesinasmallhutandsleepsnexttoapig.Heisalwayshungryandmustsearchforfood.Hisgreatestwishistolearntoreadandwritesohemightgetajobasaclerk.Withsteadywages,hewouldbeabletofeedhimselfandhelphisfamily.ButHanley'spovertyallowsnoleisureforsuchluxuriesasgoingtoschool.Withouteducationandmoney,heispowerless.Hisonlyhopeliesinhischildren.Iftheyareeducated,theywillhaveabetterlife.Ourfablefast-forwardsandKevinHanley1990isnowhisowngreat-grandfather,KevinHanley,1928.He,too,is17yearsold,andheworksinasteelmillinPittsburgh.HisfathercametoAmericafromIrelandandhelpedbuildtheNewYorkCitysubway.KevinHanley1928isfarbetteroffthaneitherhisfatherorhisgrandfather.Hecanreadandwrite.HiswagesarefarbetterthananythinghisancestorshadinIreland.NextKevinHanley1990dreamsthatheisKevinHanley1945,hisowngrandfather,fightingonIwoJimaagainstamostdeterminedfoe,theJapanesearmy.Heisalwayshot,alwayshungry,alwaysscared.Onenightinafoxhole,hetellsafriendwhyheisthere:"Somysonandhissoncanliveinpeaceandsecurity.WhenIgetback,I'l1workhardandsendmyboytocollegesohecanlivebyhisbrainsinsteadofhisback."ThenKevinHanley1990ishisownfather,KevinHanley1966,whostudiesallthetimesohecangetintocollegeandlawschool.Helivesinafinehouse.Hehasneverseenanythingbutpeaceandplenty.Hetellshisgirlfriendthatwhenhehasason,hewon'tmakehimstudyallthetime,ashisfathermakeshim.Atthatpoint,KevinHanley1990wakesup,shakenbyhisdream.HeisrelievedtobeawayfromIrelandandthesteelmillandIwoJima.Hegoesbacktosleep.Whenhedreamsagain,heishisownson,KevinHanley2020.Thereisgunfirealldayandallnight.Hiswholegenerationforgotwhythereevenwaslaw,sothereisnone.Peoplepaynoattentiontopolitics,andgovernmentoffersnoservicestotheworkingclass.Kevin2020'sfather,whoisofcourseKevin1990himself,worksasacleanerinafactoryownedbytheJapanese.Kevin2020isaporterinahotelforwealthyEuropeansandAsians.Publiceducationstopsatthesixthgrade.Americanshavelongsincestoppeddemandinggoodeducationfortheirchildren.ThelastpersonKevin1990seesinhisdreamishisowngrandson.Kevin2050hasnousefulskills.MachinesbuiltinJapandoallthecomplexwork,andthereislittlemanualworktobedone.Withouteducation,withoutdiscipline,hecannotearnanadequatelivingwage.Helivesinaslumwherethereisnoheat,noplumbing,noprivacyandsurvivesbysearchingthroughtrashpiles.Inaword,helivesmuchasKevinHanley1835didinIreland.Butoneday,KevinHanley2050isbefriendedbyavisitingJapaneseanthropologiststudyingthedeclineofAmerica.ThemanexplainstoKevinthatwhenamanhasnomoney,educationcansupplythehumancapitalnecessarytostarttoacquirefinancialcapital.Hardwork,education,savinganddisciplinecandoanything."Thisishowwerosefromtheashesafteryoudefeatedusinawaraboutahundredyearsago.""AmericabeatJapaninwar?"asksKevin2050.Heisastonished.ItseemsasimpossibleasBrazildefeatingtheUnitedStateswouldsoundin1990.Kevin2050swearsthatifheeverhaschildren,hewillmakesuretheyworkandstudyandlearnanddisciplinethemselves."Tobeabletomakealivingbyone'smindinsteadofbystealing,"hesays."Thatwouldbeamiracle."WhenKevin1990wakesup,nexttohimishiscopyofTheWealthofNations.Heopensitandthefirstsentencetocatchhiseyeisthis:"Amanwithouttheproperuseoftheintellectualfacultiesofamanis,ifpossible,morecontemptiblethanevenacoward."Kevin'sfatherwalksin."Allright,son,"hesays."Let'sgolookatthoseheadphones.""Sorry,Pop,"Kevin1990says."Ihavetostudy."(1213words)NewWordsandExpressionsfablen.寓言teenagern.apersonwhoisbetween13and19yearsold青少年runoutofuseuporfinishasupplyof(sth.)用完，耗尽filen.acollectionofpapersononesubject档案，卷宗foldern.holderforloosepapers文件夹drugstoren.(AmE)（兼营杂货的）药房handfuln.一把；少量countern.柜台taxn.税namazementwithafeelingofgreatsurpriseordisbelief惊讶地modestlyad.notinverylargequantity,size,etc.不太多，不太大，适中upsetvt.make(sb.)worryorfeelunhappy使苦恼，使心烦意乱gnoranta.knowinglittleornothing无知的；不知道的gnorance.无知；愚昧enior.(AmE)studentinthelastyearofcollegeorhighschool（大学或中学）毕业班的学生lice.apartofsth.;athinflatpiececutfromsth.部分；（薄薄的）一片bility.能力onexistent.notexisting不存在的hill.becomeormake(sth.orsb.)cold（使）变冷；（使）不寒而栗ndifference.alackofinterestorfeeling漠不关心umt.合计；总结；概述umup总结，概括ompetei.竞争ompetewith/againstrytobebetterthan(sb.else)与…竞争Asian.,a.亚洲人；亚洲（人）的nancial.connectedwithmoney财政的；金融的ccumulate.collect,orgathertogether,esp.overaperiodoftime积累，积聚ancestorn.祖先，祖宗intellectuala.智力的affectvt.haveaninfluenceon影响industriala.工业的functionvi.operate;act运作；起作用n.作用，功能idlea.lazy;notdoinganything懒散的；空闲的jamv.getstuck发生故障；卡住；堵塞breakdownstopworking;fail,collapse停止运转；失败，垮了drivehomemake(sth.)clearsothatpeopleunderstandit使清楚无误地理解humblea.谦卑的；卑微的suggestionn.sth.suggested建议movien.film电影dramatizevt.write(sth.)againinaformwhichcanbeperformed将…改编为剧本，将…戏剧化Europeana.,n.欧洲（人）的；欧洲人portablea.lightandsmallenoughtobeeasilycarriedormoved便携（式）的，手提（式）的CD=compactdisc激光唱片；（计算机用的）光盘countyn.（英国的）郡；（美国的）县hutn.小屋；棚屋searchforlookfor寻找wagen.工资，工钱povertyn.thestateofbeingpoor贫穷，贫困leisuren.sparetime空闲，闲暇luxuryn.奢侈品；奢华；奢侈milln.afactory工厂，制造厂subwayn.(AmE)undergroundrailway地铁betteroffricher;morecomfortable更富有；更舒服foen.(lit)anenemy敌人scarev.frighten（使）惊慌，（使）恐惧foxholen.散兵坑（小型掩体）securityn.thestateoffeelingsafeandfreefromworry安全wakeupstopsleeping醒了portern.（旅馆、火车站等的）搬行李工人；搬运工人wealthya.rich;havingwealth富的，富裕的complexa.notsimple复杂的manuala.体力的；手工做的adequatea.enough充分的，足够的slum▲n.贫民窟plumbingn.（水、煤气等）管道设施privacy▲n.thestateofbeingaloneandundisturbed（不受干扰的）独处；隐私，隐秘trashn.(AmE)垃圾；废物befriendvt.help;actasafriendto帮助；以朋友态度对待declinevi.,n.衰败，衰退；下降acquirevt.get取得，获得ashn.废墟；灰，灰烬astonishvt.surpriseverymuch使惊讶swearvt.makeaseriouspromiseabout发誓，宣誓makealivingby靠…维持生计miraclen.奇迹facultyn.anyofthepowersofthebodyormind官能contemptiblea.令人鄙视的，可轻蔑的coward▲n.懦夫popProperNamesBenjaminStein本杰明·斯坦U.C.L.A.=UniversityofCaliforniaatLosAngeles（美国）加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校KevinHanley凯文·汉利Kerry克雷（爱尔兰郡名）Ireland爱尔兰Pittsburgh匹兹堡（美国宾夕法尼来州城市）IwoJima硫黄岛（日本岛屿）Brazil巴西