中考英语专题复习课件-非谓语动词

专题9非谓语动词中考英语总复习1．不定式，­ing形式和过去分词中，不定式和­ing形式考查最多。尤其是不定式的否定形式，省去to和不省to的情况，及只能用­ing形式作宾语的情况。2．在具体的语境中考查非谓语动词的用法。3．不定式作主语和动词后用不定式和­ing形式意义不同。4．有关非谓语动词的固定句型。考点一不定式1．不定式的基本形式是to＋动词原形，它具有动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语，但它没有人称与数的变化，在句中也不能作谓语，动词不定式和自己的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。Myfatheraskedmenottoreadinbed.我爸爸告诉我不要在床上读书。2．不定式的句法作用动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的作用，它可以作主语、宾语、宾补和状语。(1)作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，It＋be＋形容词＋(forsb)＋动词不定式。It'simportant(forus)toprotectenvironment.(对我们来说)保护环境是很重要的。注：当在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。It'sverykindof_you_to_help_me.你帮助我真是太好啦。It'sverycleverof_you_to_do_like_that.你那样做真是太聪明啦！(2)作宾语Hewantsto_go_out_with_her.注：①一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词表示命令、打算或希望，如：wouldlike，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect等。Wouldyouliketo_see_a_filmthisevening?你今晚想去看电影吗？②在find，think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。Ifinditeasyto_read_English_every_day.我发现每天读英语很容易。(3)宾语补足语动词不定式作宾补时，它与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。Lucyaskedhimto_turn_down_the_radio.露西要他关小收音机。(4)作定语动词不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后，它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。Ihavealotofhomeworkto_do.我有许多家庭作业要做。Thereisnothingto_worry_about.没什么要担心的。(5)作状语MrsWangwenttoShanghaito_see_her_daughter.(目的)王太太去上海看她女儿。We'regladto_meet_youhere.(原因)我们很高兴在这见到你。Heistootiredto_work_on.(结果)他太累了而不能继续工作。3．不定式的否定形式是在不定式前加not。Theytoldusnot_to_playbasketballtoolong.他们告诉我们不要玩太长时间篮球。You'dbetternot_go_to_bedlate.你最好不要睡觉太晚。4．不定式常和疑问词what，which，when，where，how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。Theteacheristellingthestudentswhat_to_do.老师正告诉同学们做什么。Hedidn'tknowwhere_to_go.(wheretogo＝whereheshouldgo)他不知道去哪里。考点二动名词动名词由动词原形＋­ing构成，与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质，作宾语和状语；也有名词的性质，可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。1．作主语，如：Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.吃得太多对身体健康有害。注：动名词和动词不定式作主语，在许多情况下可以通用，但动名词作主语多表示抽象或多次的行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。2．作表语，如：Mymother'sjobisraisingchicken.我母亲的工作是养鸡。3．作宾语，如：Idon'tmindlisteningtothatstoryagain.我不介意再听一遍那个故事。4．作定语，如：Let'sjointhesinginggroup.让我们加入合唱队吧。aworkingmethod工作方法5．其后常接动名词的动词及动词词组有finish，enjoy，practice，understand，mind，keep，consider，miss，avoid(避免)，suggest，admit，beworth，havedifficulty/problem/trouble/fun，wastetime，can'thelp/can'tstop，beusedto(习惯于)等。其后既可以接动名词，也可接动词不定式的动词有love，like，prefer，begin，start，continue，remember，try，stop，forget，hate，need，allow，goon等。介词后接动名词，如：keep...from，stop...from，makeacontributionto，lookforwardto，spend...(in)，beafraidof，beproudof，beusedfor，feellike，giveup，beinterestedin，putoff等。6．当need，require，want作“需要”解时，后加动名词主动式等于不定式的被动式。Thewindowneedscleaning.＝Thewindowneedstobecleaned.那个窗户需要被清洗。7．不定式是不及物动词时，作定语不能省去介词。Weihaiisagoodplaceto_live_in.威海是一个居住的好地方。Idon'thaveenoughtimetostudyforthetest,soIhavesomethingto_worry_about.因为我没有足够的时间为考试而学习，所以我有些担心。考点三分词1.分词的构成分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词+ing”构成。过去分词的基本形式是“动词+ed”，但也有不规则的形式。TheboynamedJohnisfromAmerica.那个叫约翰的男孩来自美国。Youshouldhaveyourhaircut.你该理发了。Weareexcitedaboutthenews.我们对那条新闻感到兴奋。注：现在分词表示“令人……的”，主语一般是物；过去分词表示“感到……的”，主语一般是人。Heissurprisedtohearthenews.他听到那个消息感到很吃惊。Thenewsissurprising.那个消息令人吃惊。辨析：(1)有些动词或词组后接动名词或不定式均可，但意义稍有差别。①stoptodosth.停下来去做某事stopdoingsth.停止做某事Stopthinking，please.请停止思考。Stopto_thinkaboutitforamoment.停下来想一会。②remembertodosth.记住要做某事动作未发生rememberdoingsth.记得曾做过某事动作已发生Irememberpostingyourletter.我记得把你的信寄出去了。(信已寄出)Pleaserememberto_postmyletter.请记住把我的信寄出去。(信尚未寄出)③forgettodosth.忘记做某事动作未发生forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事动作已发生Iforgotto_bring_my_homework.我忘记带作业了。(没带作业)Iforgotbringing_my_homework.我忘记已把作业带来了。(作业已带来)④trytodosth.努力去做某事trydoingsth.试着去做某事HetriedspeakingEnglishtous.他试着用英语和我们谈话。Pleasetrytodobetternexttime.下次设法做得更好些。⑤goontodosth.做完一件事，接着去做另外一件事goondoingsth.继续不停地做某事Goonto_dotheotherexerciseafteryoufinishthisone.做完这个练习题后，接着做另一个练习题。Goondoingtheexerciseafterashortrest.休息一会儿之后，我们继续做练习。⑥allowdoingsth.允许做某事allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事Wedon'tallowsmokinghere.我们不允许在这儿吸烟。Wedon'tallowstudentsto_gooutonschooldays.上学时，我们不允许学生外出。(2)现在分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别。我们常见的动词如：see，watch，notice，hear，feel，have等，它们接不带to的不定式作宾补，表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作；接现在分词作宾补，表示动作正在进行着。Iheardhimsingingintheclassroom.我听到他正在教室里唱歌。(“唱”这个动作正在进行)Iheardhimsingintheclassroom.我听到他在教室里唱歌了。(“唱”这个动作已结束)Isawhimgoingupthestairs.我看见他正在上楼。(“上楼”这个动作正在进行)Isawhimgoupthestairs.我看见他上楼了。(“上楼”这个动作已完成)(3)现在分词与过去分词的区别。①在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。thesurprisingnews令人惊讶的消息asurprisedman一个受惊吓的人amovingfilm一场感人的电影themovedpeople被感动的人们②在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。thedevelopingcountry发展中国家thedevelopedcountry发达国家therisingsun正在升起的太阳therisensun升起来的太阳(4)易混句式havesb.dosth，havesb.doingsth.和havesth.done的区别。①havesb.dosth.意为“让某人做某事”，have可以用let，make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作，且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。Thesoldiershadtheboystandwithhisbacktohisfather.士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。②havesb.doingsth.意为“让某人做某事”，have可以用keep代替，现在分词(doing)这个动作往往具有持续进行的含义。Thetwomenhadtheirlightsburningallnightlong.那两个人让灯通宵亮着。③havesth.done意为“让某人做某事”，即asksb.elsetodosth.过去分词(done)这个动作由他人(即非主语本身)来完成，含有被动意义且强调动作已经完成。Thedriverhadhiscarwashedonceaweek.那位司机每周叫人洗一次车。(2010·广安)—Pleaseremember________thelightswhenyouleavetheroom.—OK,Iwill.A．turnoffB．toturnoffC．turningoff解析：remembertodo...表示“记得去做……”，rememberdoing...表示“记得做过……”，根据语意知道要表示记得去做，所以选B。Peterisbusy________atschool,butheneverforgets________exerciseeveryday.A．working;doingB．working;todoC．atwork;doing(2010·泰安)—Ican'tdecide________.—Youmeanthepurplesweaterortheblueone?A．howtogothereB．whotogowithC．wheretovisitD．whichtochoose解析：本题考查非谓语动词的动词不定式。四个答语均是疑问词加不定式在句中作宾语，根据第二句知不同颜色的衣服只能是选择，其他均不符合句意，因此选D。TherearesomanykindsofMP5intheshop.Wecan'tdecide________.A．whattobuyB．tobuywhatC．whichtobuyD．tobuywhich(2010·达州)Whynot________anEnglishclubtopractice________English?A．tojoin;tospeakB．join;speakingC．join;tospeakD．tojoin;speaking解析：本题考查的是whynot＋动词原形结构，practice后跟动名词，故答案应选B。—Howabout________intheriverwithus?—SorryIcan't.Myparentsoftentellme________that.A．swim;don'tdoB．swim;todoC．swimming;notdoD．swimming;nottodo(2010·通化)Thewomanmadehisson________finallyaftershetoldhimsomejokes.A．laughedB．tolaughC．laughD．laughing解析：make是使役动词，后面跟动词原形，故选C。Grannyoftentellus________waterinourdailylife.A．saveB．savingC．tosaveD．saves考点训练7非谓语动词(训练时间：48分钟分值：48分)一、单项选择(43分)1．(2010·河北)I'dlikeyou________forapicnicwithus.A．goB．togoC．goingD．went【解析】非谓语动词的用法。wouldlikesbtodosth意为“想要某人去做某事”，是固定搭配。故选B。【答案】B2．(2010·哈尔滨)Asteenagers，we'reoldenough________withhousework.Wecanhelpsetthetable，washthedishesandcleanourownrooms.A．tohelpB．helpingC．helped【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。根据enough的句型：be＋adj.＋enough＋todosth.可知用动词不定式的形式。【答案】A3．(2010·兰州)Dannydidallkindsofthingstomakethebaby________.A．tostopcryingB．stopcryingC．tostoptocryD．stoptocry【解析】本题考查非谓语动词用法。make后面跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选B。【答案】B4．(2010·兰州)—Whatareonshowinthemuseum?—Somephotos________bythechildrenofYushu,Qinghai.A．havebeentakenB．weretakenC．aretakenD．taken【解析】本题考查过去分词作定语的用法。taken作somephotos的定语，分词短语作定语要放在被修饰词的后面。故选D。【答案】D5．(2010·兰州)Wehavetworooms________，butIcan'tdecide________.A．tolive;tochoosewhichoneB．lived;choosewhichoneC．tolivein;whichonetochooseD．live;whichone【解析】本题考查动词不定式的用法。根据句意“我们有两间屋子去居住，但是我不知道选择哪一个。”第一个句子中livein的in不能省略。“选择哪一个”用“whichonetochoose”。故选C。【答案】C6．(2010·广州)Theteachertoldthestudents________anyfoodintothecomputerroom.A．nottobringB．notbringC．don'tbringD．bringnot【解析】tellsb.nottodosth.意为“告诉某人不要做某事”，因此答案为A。【答案】A7．(2010·广州)—Wedon'thavemuchhomeworkthisweekend.Shallwegoouttogether?—OK.Whatabout________amovie?A．toseeB．seeingC．toseeD．sees【解析】介词后加动词的ing形式，因此答案为B。【答案】B8．(2010·达州)Whynot________anEnglishclubtopractice________English?A．tojoin;tospeakB．join;speakingC．join;tospeakD．tojoin;speaking【解析】本题考查的是whynot＋动词原形结构；practice后跟动名词，故答案应选B。【答案】B【解析】句中createdbyMaHuateng用来修饰说明QQ，creat与QQ之间存在被动关系，应该使用creat的过去分词，所以正确答案为D项。【答案】D10．(2010·荆州)—AreyougoingtoTibetforvacation?—Yes.Iwantyouto________mewithsomeinformationaboutit.A．offerB．giveC．showD．provide【解析】wantsb.todosth,是“想要某人做某事”。providesbwithsth表示“为某人提供某物”。【答案】D9．(2010·潍坊)Atleast300millionpeopleareusingQQ________byMaHuatengtochatonline.A．createB．createsC．creatingD．created11．(2010·泰安)—Ican'tdecide________.—Youmeanthepurplesweaterortheblueone?A．howtogothereB．whotogowithC．wheretovisitD．whichtochoose【解析】非谓语动词的动词不定式。四个答语均是疑问词加不定式在句中作宾语，根据第二句知不同颜色的衣服只能是选择，其他均不符合句意。【答案】D12．(2010·泰安)—Howaboutgoingshoppingthisweekend,Peter?—Sorry.Iprefer________ratherthan________.A．tostayathome;gooutB．togoout;stayathomeC．stayingathome;gooutD．goingout;stayathome【解析】prefertodoratherthando意为“宁愿……而不愿”。句意为“宁愿呆在家里而不愿出去。”故选A。【答案】A13．(2010·广安)—Pleaseremember________thelightswhenyouleavetheroom.—OK,Iwill.A．turnoffB．toturnoffC．turningoff【解析】remembertodo表示记得去做某事；rememberdoing表示记得做过某事。根据文意知道要表示记得去做，所以选B。【答案】B14．(2010·定西)Theboyislookingforwardto________agoodtimeaftertheexam.A．tohaveB．hasC．havingD．have【解析】lookforwardto中的to不是动词不定式的标志，而是一个介词，所以后面要用动名词形式，故选C。【答案】C15．(2010·安徽)Therearesomanykindsofcomputersintheshop.Ireallydon'tknow________tochoose.A．whatB．whichC．howD．where【解析】非谓语动词。商店里有那么多的电脑，我确实不知道“选择哪一个”，这里构成不定式的复合结构whichtochoose。【答案】B16．(2010·河南)Fatheroftentellsme________toomuchtimeoncomputergames.A．don'tspendB．notspendC．nottospendD．notspending【解析】考查非谓语动词。tell后接不定式作宾语补足语。【答案】C17．(2010·成都)—Where'syourbrothernow,Bob?—Isawhim________inthestreetamomentagoandItoldhim________.A．playing;don'tdosoB．playing;nottodosoC．play;todoso【解析】seesb.doing意思是“看到某人在干某事”；tellsb.todosth.“告诉某人干某事”，其否定形式是在to前加not。【答案】B18．(2010·贵阳)Nancyisreallyahardworkingstudent.Weoftenseeher________booksintheclassroom.A．readB．toreadC．reads【解析】考查seesbdosth意为“看见某人做某事”。句意为“南希真的是一个勤奋的学生。我们经常看见她在教室里读书。”【答案】A19．(2009中考变式题)—Whydidyoubuyaradio?—________English.A．LearnB．LearningC．TolearnD．Belearning【解析】动词不定式表目的。【答案】C20．(2009中考变式题)Doctorstellpeople________theirhandsoftenandtostayhomeiftheyfeelill.A．towashB．washesC．washD．washing【解析】考查tellsbtodosth的用法。【答案】A21．(2009中考变式题)XiaoLisaidshewouldrather________joinus.A．didnotB．tonotC．notD．notto【解析】考查wouldrathernotdosth的用法。【答案】C22．(2009中考变式题)—Hi,Tom!Canyoutellmewhen________forLondon?—Yes,tomorrowafternoon.A．leavingB．leavesC．toleaveD．areyouleaving【解析】考查特殊疑问词＋不定式作宾语的用法。【答案】C23．(2009中考变式题)—I'mverytiredthesedaysbecauseofstudyingforphysics.—Whynot________music?Itcanmakeyou________.A．listento;relaxingB．tolistento;torelaxC．listeningto;relaxD．listento;relax【解析】考查whynotdosth和makesbdosth结构。【答案】D24．(2009中考变式题)—IsJackinthelibrary?—Maybe.Isawhim________outwithsomebooksjustnow.A．goingB．goC．togoD．went【解析】考查seesb.dosth结构。【答案】B25．(2009中考变式题)Shewon'tletherdaughter________bytheriver.A．playB．playsC．toplayD．playing【解析】考查letsb.dosth结构。【答案】A26．(2009中考变式题)—Howabout________intheriverwithus?—Sorry,Ican't.Myparentsoftentellme________that.A．swim;don'ttoB．swim;todoC．swimming;notdoD．swimming;nottodo【解析】考查tellsb.nottodo结构和about介词后要用动词的ing形式。【答案】D27．(2009中考变式题)Pleasedon'tforget________theroomwhileIamawayinBeijing.A．cleanB．tocleanC．cleanedD．cleaning【解析】考查forgettodosth结构。【答案】B28．(2009中考变式题)—Dean,whattimeistheflighttoBeijingonSaturday?—Waitaminute.Letme________intheschedule(时刻表)．A．lookatitB．lookforitC．lookafteritD．lookitup【解析】考查letsb.dosth结构和it作介词up的宾语，再根据句意，得出答案D。【答案】D29．(2009中考变式题)Thedoctordidwhathecould________thedyingman.A．saveB．tosaveC．savedD．saving【解析】动词不定式表目的。【答案】B30．(2009中考变式题)Theglobalfinancialcrisis(金融危机)hasmademanypeople________theirmoney.A．tocareforB．tookcareofC．becarefulwithD．tobecaredabout【解析】考查makesb.dosth结构。【答案】C31．(2009中考变式题)—Wouldyoumind________mylittlesisterwhileIamaway?—Ofcoursenot.A．lookingforB．lookingatC．lookingafterD．lookingforwardto【解析】考查wouldyouminddoingsth结构，lookafter“照顾”。【答案】C32．(2011中考预测题)—MayIlistentothemusichere,MrWhite?—Sorry,you'dbetter________itlikethat.A．nottodoB．notdoC．don'tdoD．notdoto【解析】考查hadbetter的否定形式hadbetternotdosth。【答案】B33．(2011中考预测题)—I'vejustborrowedaCDplayer,butIdon'tknow________.—Youcanreadtheinstructions.A．howtouseitB．wheretobuyitC．whentoreturnitD．wheretoputit【解析】特殊疑问词＋不定式作宾语。根据句意可知选A。【答案】A34．(2011中考预测题)—Yiwuisshortofwaternow.—Yes,Ithinkit'sveryimportantforusto________.A．wastewaterB．saveandprotectwaterC．makethewaterdirtyD．throwtherubbishintotheriver【解析】由上文可知“义乌缺水”，故要“节约和保护水源”，因此选B。【答案】B35．(2011中考预测题)Whynot________yourteacherforhelpwhenyoucan'tfinish________itbyyourself?A．ask;writeB．toask;writingC．ask;writingD．asking;write【解析】考查whynotdosth和finishdoingsth的用法。【答案】C36．(2011中考预测题)I'mhungrynow.Let'sstop________.A．havingamealB．havingarestC．tohaveamealD．tohavearest【解析】考查stoptodosth结构。再根据句意知选C。【答案】C37．(2011中考预测题)—It'scoldtoday.You'dbetter________yoursweater.—OK.Iwill.A．putonB．turnonC．geton【解析】由句意可知空白处是“穿上”的意思，故选A。【答案】A38．(2011中考预测题)—Whataheavyrain!—Soitis.Iprefer________athome________onsucharainyday.A．watchTV;togooutB．watchTV;gooutC．watchingTV;togoingoutD．towatchTV;goingout【解析】考查preferdoingsthtodoingsth结构。【答案】C39．(2011中考预测题)—Couldyouplease________whenyougoout?Itsmellsterribleintheroom.—Sure.ButwhereshouldIputit?A．takeoutthetrashB．sweepthefloorC．turnoffthelightD．foldtheclothes【解析】由句意可知选A，takeoutthetrash“倒垃圾”。【答案】A40．(2011中考预测题)—WhatshouldwedotofightA(H1N1)flu?—Weshouldwashhandsoften,avoid________tocrowdedplacesandsoon.A．goB．goingC．goneD．togo【解析】考查avoiddoingsth结构。【答案】B41．(2011中考预测题)Heoftentellsme________toomuchtime________computergames.A．tonotspend;playB．nottospend;playC．tonotspend;playingD．nottospend;playing【解析】考查tellsb.nottodosth和spendtime(in)doingsth结构。【答案】D42．(2011中考预测题)Ihaven'tseenmyoldfriendsforyears.I'mreallylookingforward________them.A．meetB．metC．tomeetingD．tomeet【解析】考查lookforwardtodoingsth结构。【答案】C43．(2011中考预测题)Hesatinthearmchair,________anewspaper.A．readB．readingC．toreadD．reads【解析】考查现在分词短语作伴随状语。【答案】B二、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空(5分)1．(2010·鸡西)—Howlongdoesittakeyourfather________(drive)toworkeveryday?—Abouthalfanhour.【解析】ittakessb.sometimetodosth.是固定句型，意思是“花费某人多长时间干某事”。【答案】todrive2．(2010·鸡西)Lastweekend,theGreenshadgreatfun________(swim)atWaterWorld.【解析】havefundoing是固定词组，意思是“干某事很高兴”。【答案】swimming3．(2009中考变式题)Ithinkitistimefortheboys________(get)onthebus.【解析】itistimeforsb.todosth.是固定句型，意思是“该某人干某事了”。【答案】toget4．(2011中考预测题)Iamgoingtotheparty________(hold)atSmith'shomethiseveningifIamfree.【解析】“将要被举行”用tobeheld。【答案】tobeheld5．(2011中考预测题)Afterseveralcampus(校园)attacks,manyschoolsacrossthecountryhavealreadytakenaction________(make)theircampusessafer.【解析】take和make是两个动词，之间应该用动词不定式。【答案】tomake