现在分词和过去分词的用法,现在分词和过去分词的用法区别

('现在分词和过去分词的用法一．现在分词和过去分词的构成现在分词的构成主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone过去分词的构成done二．现在分词和过去分词的功用句子成分现在分词过去分词表语Thisstoryisveryinteresting.ThisfilmismoreexcitingthananythatIhaveeverseen.此时现在分词相当于一个形容词或者已经Nevertouchanelectricwirewhenitisbroken.过去分词除了跟在be动词之后也可以跟其他的一些联系动词连用如get/feel/seem/turngrow等联系动词.1转化成形容词.getpaid/gethurt/seemtired/feelworried定语a.相当于形容词Thisisaninterestingstory.b.与被修饰的名词构成主动关系(动词的现在分词作定语，既表主动又表进行,相当于一个定语从句)asleepingboy=aboywhoissleepingAlittlechildlearningtowalkoftenfalls.a.相当于形容词Theboylookedupwithapleasedexpression.b.与被修饰的名词构成被动关系(动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成,相当于一个定语从句)Thepartyheldbytheirfriendswasasuccess.c.不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表完成。developedcountry/fallenleaves/boiledwater单个分词做定语一般放在被修饰词之前,分词短语则放在被修饰词之后。补语a.表示感觉或心理状态a.表示感觉或心理状态2的动词。如：see,watch,observe,lookat,hear,listento,feel,notice,等。Isawthenaughtyboyhittingthedog.Ifeltthehouseshaking.b.表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have,make,get,keep,leave等。I’msorrytokeepyouwaitingsolong.Don’thavethemachinerunningallthetime.c.with…doingHelayonthebadwithhiseyeslookingattheceiling.的动词。如：see,watch,observe,lookat,hear,listento,feel,notice,等。IheardthesongsunginEnglish.Hefoundhishometowngreatlychanged.b.表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have,make,get,keep,leave等。I’llhavemyhaircuttomorrow.Hegothistoothpulledoutyesterday.Don’tleavethosethingsundone.c.with…doneThemurdererwasbrought3inwithhishandstiedback.现在分词作宾补足语,宾语与分词之间存在主动关系;过去分词作宾语补足语,宾语与分词之间存在被动关系.状语时间Hearingthenews,hecouldn’thelpcrying.Whengivenamedicalexamination,youshouldkeepcalm.原因Beingsick,Istayedathome.Writteninahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood!条件Keepingonyourfeet,youwillonlymakeyourselfmoretired.Givenanotherhour,Icanalsoworkoutthisproblem.伴随Hewasinhisstudy,readingabook.Hestoodtheresilently,movedtotears.让步Knowingitwasnotmyfault,theymademepayforthedamage.Toldmanytimes,hemadethesamemistakeagainandagain.方式Icamehere,runningalltheway.Theteachercameintotheclassroom,followedby4manystudents.结果Thechildfell,strikinghisheadagainstthedoorandcuttingit.分词作状语时分词的逻辑主语必须是句子主语，如果句子主语与分词之间存在主动关系就用现在分词，如果他们之间存在被动关系则用过去分词。三．现在分词的完成式现在分词完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,常用作状语,表时间和原因。注意现在分词的完成式不能充当定语。Havingnoteddownournamesandaddresses,thepolicemandismissedus.表时间,相当于Afterthepolicemannoteddownournamesandaddresses,hedismissedus.Iwasunabletoacceptyourinvitation,havingpromisedtoaccompanymymothertotheconcert.表原因，相当于BecauseIhadpromisedtoaccompanymymothertotheconcert,Iwasunabletoacceptyourinvitation.5Havingsufferedfromhearttroubleformanyyears,Mr.Lihastotakemedicinewhereverhegoes.表原因，注意分词结构带有的时间状语formanyyears,时间状语提示分词该采用完成式。四．现在分词的的被动式现在分词的一般式和完成式都有被动形式。Thehousebeingbuiltisabigproject.现在分词一般式的被动式，用作定语，表“正在被…”Beingsurrounded,theenemytroopswereforcedtosurrender.现在分词一般式的被动式，表原因。Didyouseetheboybeingquestionedbythepolice?Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hemadethesamemistakeagainandagain.现在分词完成式的被动，表示让步。五．现在分词的否定式现在分词的否定式构成是“在带ing的那个词前加not”。如doing---notdoing;beingdone---notbeingdone;6havingbeendone---nothavingbeendone;havingdone---nothavingdone。Nothavingheardfromhisgirlfriendforalongtime,hefeltveryworried.NotseeingJohn,Iaskedwherehewas.六．独立主格结构现在分词的独立主格结构过去分词的独立主格结构表时间Thedarkcloudshavingdispersed,thesunshoneagain.Thequestionsettled,wewenthome.表原因Themonitorbeingill,we’dbetterputthemeetingoff.Allhismoneystolen,hehadtobeg.表条件Weatherpermitting,we’llhavethematchtomorrow.Igivenmoretime,theproblemcanbeworkedout.表方式或伴随Heguidingher,theywalkedthroughthestreet.Theprofessorwalkedintothelab,hisassistantHeusedtosleep,windowsopened.Helayontheground,hishandsraised.7followinghim.独立主格结构的构成：逻辑主语＋doing/done,因为分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致，所以分词前的逻辑主语不能被省略。如果逻辑主语与分词间存在主动关系，就用现在分词；如果存在被动关系就用过去分词。现在分词的完成式也可用于独立主格结构中，Hisfatherhavingdiedformanyyears,theboyhastodropstudytohelphismothersupporttheirfamily.七．巩固练习句型转换A.把下列各句改成分词作结构。1.Whenitisseenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.________________________________________________________________________2.Don’tspeakuntilyouarespokento.________________________________________________________________________83.Becausetheboywasgreatlytouchedbyhisteacher’swords,hedidalotofthingstohelphisclassmates._________________________________________________________________________4.Ashewassurprisedatwhathappened,Tomdidn’tknowwhattodo.__________________________________________________________________________5.Themeeting,whichwasattendedbyoverfivethousandpeople,welcomedthegreathero.___________________________________________________________________________6.Doyouknowthemanwhoisspeakingtoourheadmaster?9___________________________________________________________________________B.把下列各句改成从句形式。1.LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,knownas3M.___________________________________________________________________________2.Thedisc,digitallyrecordedinthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight._____________________________________________________________________________3.Theflowerssmellingsweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature._____________________________________________________10________________________4.Huntedeverywhere,thewolveshadnowheretohidethemselves.______________________________________________________________________________5.United,westand;divided,wefall.______________________________________________________________________________6.Althoughexhaustedbytheclimb,hecontinuedhisjourney.______________________________________________________________________________7.Weatherpermitting,we’llhavethematchtomorrow.______________________________________________________________________________8.Someofthem,bornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverseenatrain.11_______________________________________________________________________________9.Everythinggoeswellasexpected._______________________________________________________________________________10.Hefelloffthehorseasifhitbyabullet._______________________________________________________________________________Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentouttoplay.12',)