剪力墙等效抗弯刚度,剪力墙等效抗弯刚度计算公式

("《高层建筑结构与抗震》辅导文章五剪力墙结构内力与位移计算学习目标1、了解剪力墙结构的分类，以及各种剪力墙的受力特点；2、熟悉剪力墙的分类判别式。3、掌握整体墙和小开口整体墙的内力及位移计算、掌握双肢墙的内力及位移计算。学习重点1、剪力墙的分类及分类判别式；2、整体和小开口整体墙的内力及位移计算；3、双肢墙的内力及位移计算。剪力墙主要承受两类荷载：一类是楼板传来的竖向荷载，在地震区还应包括竖向地震作用的影响；另一类是水平荷载，包括水平风荷载和水平地震作用。剪力墙的内力分析包括竖向荷载作用下的内力分析和水平荷载作用下的内力分析。在竖向荷载作用下，各片剪力墙所受的内力比较简单，可按照材料力学原理进行。在水平荷载作用下剪力墙的内力和位移计算都比较复杂，因此本章着重讨论剪力墙在水平荷载作用下的内力及位移计算。一、基本假定剪力墙结构是一个比较复杂的空间结构，为了简化，剪力墙在水平荷载作用下计算时，作如下假定：（1）楼板在其自身平面内的刚度极大，可视其为刚度无限大的刚性楼盖；（2）剪力墙在其自身平面内的刚度很大，而在其平面外的刚度又极小，可忽略不计。因此可以把空间结构化作平面结构处理，即剪力墙只承受在其自身平面内的水平荷载。基于以上两个假定，剪力墙结构在水平荷载作用下可按各片剪力墙的等效抗弯刚度分配水平力给各片剪力墙，然后分别进行内力和位移计算。例如图6-1（a）所示的剪力墙结构可分别按图6-1（b）和图6-1（c）的剪力墙考虑。同时，现行国家标准《高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程》（JGJ3－2002）为考虑纵、横墙的共同工作，将纵墙的一部分作为横墙的有效翼缘，横墙的一部分也可以作为纵墙的有效翼缘。剪力墙的等效抗弯刚度是一个非常重要的概念，是指按剪力墙顶点侧移相等的原则，考虑弯曲变形和剪切变形后，折算成一个竖向悬臂受弯构件的抗弯刚度。图6-1剪力墙结构计算图二、剪力墙的分类为满足使用要求，剪力墙常开有门窗洞口。理论分析和试验研究表明，剪力墙的受力特性与变形状态主要取决于剪力墙上的开洞情况。洞口是否存在，洞口的大小、形状及位置的不同都将影响剪力墙的受力性能。剪力墙按受力特性的不同主要可分为整体剪力墙、本专业培养掌握生物技术及其产业化的科学原理、工艺技术过程和工程设计等基础理论、基本技能，能在生物工程和生物技术领域从事设计、生产、管理和新技术研究、新产品开发的工程技术人才。IsignedwiththeBankoftheqiluBankloancontract(contract)conventions,andIusescheme,Iwouldrequesttheloans(inwords)untilIopenedpersonalsettlementaccountwithyourBank(account),usesloanfor。Loanoperation,businessunitname:accountnumber:loanfundsfromthesepersonalsettlementaccountintotheaccountofapayment.Loansinaccordancewiththefollowingpaymentmethodstopay.One,lendertrusteepayment.DelegateqiluBankloanfundsoftheborrowertomeetthestipulationofthecontractthefollowingborrowers,counterparties,commitmentfunds,regulatorycompliance,legal,andwillingtotakethepaydisputes,lossandotherconsequencesofthedelegate.PayeeaccountnumberBanknameamountpurposeII,borrowersownpaymentmethods.QiluBankaccordingtotheborrower'swithdrawalrequesttoloanfundsdisburseddirectlytotheborrower'saccount,andindependentlybytheborrowerpaymentstoborrowerswhomeetthestipulationofthecontracttransactions.Iguaranteetoyourbankcontractsandotherproveofmaterialsubmittedbyrealandeffective.Wheninaccordancewithonepayment,Iagreewiththeaboveaccountwithyourbankloanfundsthatarenotusedforstoppaymentmanagement,stoppaidconfirmedbookrecordstablesingle13:liftedcheckpaynoticerecordstablesingle14:personalloanaheadofrepaymentapplicationacceptedtableRecordstablesingle15:loanlinesopened/cancellationapplicationapprovaltablerecordstablesingle16:qilucardawardletterselfloanlinescancellationapplicationapprovaltablerecordstablesingle17:loanlinescancellationapplicationapprovaltablerecordstablesingle18:qiluBankloanurgedreceivednoticerecordstablesingle19:arrived(quality)betrealrightprovedoutlibrarylistingrecordstablesingle20:housingmortgagerightcancellationprovedrecordstablesingle21:personalpledgeloanrepaymentcommitmentletter11.scheduleSpontaneousdateofpromulgationofthispractice,thisprocedureisissuedpriortotheimplementationoftherelevantprovisionsareinconsistentwiththisregulation,issubjecttothisregulation.TheriskmanagementDepartmentisresponsiblefortheinterpretationandamendmentofproceduresbytheheadoffice.Breakthroughtherestrictionsimposedbythispractice,shouldsubmitfileexplanationsauthoritiesfileexplanationdeemednecessaryandsubmittedtotheHeadOfficeoftheloanReviewCommitteeforapproval.Recordform1:personalloancustomerconversationtranscripttomegiventheloanapplicantbankpersonalloanapplications,accordingtoqiluBankpersonalloaninterviewsregulationsandinterviewsonthefollowingissueswiththeborrowerandtheguarantor,pleaserespond,andensurecontentauthenticity.1,yourpersonalloanapplicationmaterialsmustbesubmittedtotheqiluBankistrue,otherwiseyoushouldbearthecorrespondinglegalresponsibility.Inthisregard,doyouunderstand?Yes()No()2,youapplyforpersonalloansamountingtomillionofperiodofmonths,youdecidetotaketherepaymentoptionsare:dueaone-offdebt(),monthlyinterest,to...QiluBank:小开口整体剪力墙、双肢墙（多肢墙）和壁式框架等几种类型。1．整体剪力墙无洞口的剪力墙或剪力墙上开有一定数量的洞口，但洞口的面积不超过墙体面积的15%，且洞口至墙边的净距及洞口之间的净距大于洞孔长边尺寸时，可以忽略洞口对墙体的影响，这种墙体称为整体剪力墙。2．小开口整体剪力墙当剪力墙上所开洞口面积稍大且超过墙体面积的15%时，在水平荷载作用下，这类剪力墙截面上的正应力分布略偏离了直线分布的规律，变成了相当于在整体墙弯曲时的直线分布应力之上叠加了墙肢局部弯曲应力，当墙肢中的局部弯矩不超过墙体整体弯矩的15%时，其截面变形仍接近于整体截面剪力墙，这种剪力墙称之为小开口整体剪力墙。3．联肢剪力墙当剪力墙沿竖向开有一列或多列较大的洞口时，由于洞口较大，剪力墙截面的整体性已被破坏，剪力墙的截面变形已不再符合平截面假设。这时剪力墙成为由一系列连梁约束的墙肢所组成的联肢墙。开有一列洞口的联肢墙称为双肢墙，当开有多列洞口时称之为多肢墙。4．壁式框架当剪力墙的洞口尺寸较大，墙肢宽度较小，连梁的线刚度接近于墙肢的线刚度时，剪力墙的受力性能已接近于框架，这种剪力墙称为壁式框架。图6-2为剪力墙墙体上洞口大小对剪力墙工作性能的影响图6-2剪力墙的分类不同类型的剪力墙，其相应的受力特点、计算简图和计算方法也不相同，计算其内力和位移时则需采用相应的计算方法。以下分别介绍几种常见剪力墙的内力与位移计算方法。三、整体剪力墙的内力与位移计算对于整体剪力墙，在水平荷载作用下，根据其变形特征，可视为一整体的悬臂弯曲杆件，用材料力学中悬臂梁的内力和变形的基本公式进行计算。1．内力计算按上端自由，下端固定的悬臂梁计算其任意截面的弯矩和剪力。2．位移计算在位移计算时，由于剪力墙的截面高度较大，应考虑其剪切变形影响。当开洞时，应考虑洞口对位移增大的影响。整体剪力墙的顶点位移可按以下公式计算：（1）均布荷载作用时，如图6-3（a）所示，（6-1）本专业培养掌握生物技术及其产业化的科学原理、工艺技术过程和工程设计等基础理论、基本技能，能在生物工程和生物技术领域从事设计、生产、管理和新技术研究、新产品开发的工程技术人才。IsignedwiththeBankoftheqiluBankloancontract(contract)conventions,andIusescheme,Iwouldrequesttheloans(inwords)untilIopenedpersonalsettlementaccountwithyourBank(account),usesloanfor。Loanoperation,businessunitname:accountnumber:loanfundsfromthesepersonalsettlementaccountintotheaccountofapayment.Loansinaccordancewiththefollowingpaymentmethodstopay.One,lendertrusteepayment.DelegateqiluBankloanfundsoftheborrowertomeetthestipulationofthecontractthefollowingborrowers,counterparties,commitmentfunds,regulatorycompliance,legal,andwillingtotakethepaydisputes,lossandotherconsequencesofthedelegate.PayeeaccountnumberBanknameamountpurposeII,borrowersownpaymentmethods.QiluBankaccordingtotheborrower'swithdrawalrequesttoloanfundsdisburseddirectlytotheborrower'saccount,andindependentlybytheborrowerpaymentstoborrowerswhomeetthestipulationofthecontracttransactions.Iguaranteetoyourbankcontractsandotherproveofmaterialsubmittedbyrealandeffective.Wheninaccordancewithonepayment,Iagreewiththeaboveaccountwithyourbankloanfundsthatarenotusedforstoppaymentmanagement,stoppaidconfirmedbookrecordstablesingle13:liftedcheckpaynoticerecordstablesingle14:personalloanaheadofrepaymentapplicationacceptedtableRecordstablesingle15:loanlinesopened/cancellationapplicationapprovaltablerecordstablesingle16:qilucardawardletterselfloanlinescancellationapplicationapprovaltablerecordstablesingle17:loanlinescancellationapplicationapprovaltablerecordstablesingle18:qiluBankloanurgedreceivednoticerecordstablesingle19:arrived(quality)betrealrightprovedoutlibrarylistingrecordstablesingle20:housingmortgagerightcancellationprovedrecordstablesingle21:personalpledgeloanrepaymentcommitmentletter11.scheduleSpontaneousdateofpromulgationofthispractice,thisprocedureisissuedpriortotheimplementationoftherelevantprovisionsareinconsistentwiththisregulation,issubjecttothisregulation.TheriskmanagementDepartmentisresponsiblefortheinterpretationandamendmentofproceduresbytheheadoffice.Breakthroughtherestrictionsimposedbythispractice,shouldsubmitfileexplanationsauthoritiesfileexplanationdeemednecessaryandsubmittedtotheHeadOfficeoftheloanReviewCommitteeforapproval.Recordform1:personalloancustomerconversationtranscripttomegiventheloanapplicantbankpersonalloanapplications,accordingtoqiluBankpersonalloaninterviewsregulationsandinterviewsonthefollowingissueswiththeborrowerandtheguarantor,pleaserespond,andensurecontentauthenticity.1,yourpersonalloanapplicationmaterialsmustbesubmittedtotheqiluBankistrue,otherwiseyoushouldbearthecorrespondinglegalresponsibility.Inthisregard,doyouunderstand?Yes()No()2,youapplyforpersonalloansamountingtomillionofperiodofmonths,youdecidetotaketherepaymentoptionsare:dueaone-offdebt(),monthlyinterest,to...QiluBank:图6-3剪力墙结构顶点位移计算图（2）倒三角形荷载作用时，如图6-3（b）所示，（6-2）（3）顶点集中力下作用时，如图6-3（c）所示。（6-3）式中，为剪力墙底部的总剪力；H为剪力墙总高度；为考虑洞口影响的剪力墙水平截面的折算面积；为剪应力分布不均匀系数；为考虑洞口影响的剪力墙水平截面的折算惯性矩；为剪力墙的等效抗弯刚度；E为混凝土的弹性模量；G为混凝土的剪力模量。由式（6-1）、式（6-2）、式（6-3）分别得出各种水平荷载作用下剪力墙的等效抗弯刚度。（6-4）将式（6-4）用代人，可近似归并为一个统一的计算式：（6-5）四、小开口整体墙的内力及位移计算小开口整体墙的洞口总面积虽超过了墙总立面面积的15％，但总的来说洞口仍很小，其受力性能仍能接近于整体剪力墙，各墙肢中仅有少量的局部弯矩，在沿墙肢的高度方向弯矩图形不出现反弯点。因此，在计算中仍可用材料力学公式计算其内力和侧移，但须考虑局部弯曲应力的作用，作一些修正。1．内力计算先将小开口整体墙作为一悬臂构件，按图6-4算出其标高之处的截面所承受的总弯矩本专业培养掌握生物技术及其产业化的科学原理、工艺技术过程和工程设计等基础理论、基本技能，能在生物工程和生物技术领域从事设计、生产、管理和新技术研究、新产品开发的工程技术人才。IsignedwiththeBankoftheqiluBankloancontract(contract)conventions,andIusescheme,Iwouldrequesttheloans(inwords)untilIopenedpersonalsettlementaccountwithyourBank(account),usesloanfor。Loanoperation,businessunitname:accountnumber:loanfundsfromthesepersonalsettlementaccountintotheaccountofapayment.Loansinaccordancewiththefollowingpaymentmethodstopay.One,lendertrusteepayment.DelegateqiluBankloanfundsoftheborrowertomeetthestipulationofthecontractthefollowingborrowers,counterparties,commitmentfunds,regulatorycompliance,legal,andwillingtotakethepaydisputes,lossandotherconsequencesofthedelegate.PayeeaccountnumberBanknameamountpurposeII,borrowersownpaymentmethods.QiluBankaccordingtotheborrower'swithdrawalrequesttoloanfundsdisburseddirectlytotheborrower'saccount,andindependentlybytheborrowerpaymentstoborrowerswhomeetthestipulationofthecontracttransactions.Iguaranteetoyourbankcontractsandotherproveofmaterialsubmittedbyrealandeffective.Wheninaccordancewithonepayment,Iagreewiththeaboveaccountwithyourbankloanfundsthatarenotusedforstoppaymentmanagement,stoppaidconfirmedbookrecordstablesingle13:liftedcheckpaynoticerecordstablesingle14:personalloanaheadofrepaymentapplicationacceptedtableRecordstablesingle15:loanlinesopened/cancellationapplicationapprovaltablerecordstablesingle16:qilucardawardletterselfloanlinescancellationapplicationapprovaltablerecordstablesingle17:loanlinescancellationapplicationapprovaltablerecordstablesingle18:qiluBankloanurgedreceivednoticerecordstablesingle19:arrived(quality)betrealrightprovedoutlibrarylistingrecordstablesingle20:housingmortgagerightcancellationprovedrecordstablesingle21:personalpledgeloanrepaymentcommitmentletter11.scheduleSpontaneousdateofpromulgationofthispractice,thisprocedureisissuedpriortotheimplementationoftherelevantprovisionsareinconsistentwiththisregulation,issubjecttothisregulation.TheriskmanagementDepartmentisresponsiblefortheinterpretationandamendmentofproceduresbytheheadoffice.Breakthroughtherestrictionsimposedbythispractice,shouldsubmitfileexplanationsauthoritiesfileexplanationdeemednecessaryandsubmittedtotheHeadOfficeoftheloanReviewCommitteeforapproval.Recordform1:personalloancustomerconversationtranscripttomegiventheloanapplicantbankpersonalloanapplications,accordingtoqiluBankpersonalloaninterviewsregulationsandinterviewsonthefollowingissueswiththeborrowerandtheguarantor,pleaserespond,andensurecontentauthenticity.1,yourpersonalloanapplicationmaterialsmustbesubmittedtotheqiluBankistrue,otherwiseyoushouldbearthecorrespondinglegalresponsibility.Inthisregard,doyouunderstand?Yes()No()2,youapplyforpersonalloansamountingtomillionofperiodofmonths,youdecidetotaketherepaymentoptionsare:dueaone-offdebt(),monthlyinterest,to...QiluBank:和总剪力。图6-4小开口整体墙计算图（1）墙肢弯矩计算小开口整体墙墙肢的总弯矩是由两部分弯矩叠加而成，其一是作为整体悬臂墙产生整体弯曲的弯矩，另一为产生局部弯曲的弯矩。第i墙肢的全部弯矩为（6-6）式中，K为整体弯矩系数，可取K=0.85；为墙肢i的惯性矩；J为剪力墙整个截面的惯性矩。（2）墙肢剪力计算墙肢剪力，底层按墙肢截面面积分配；其余各层墙肢剪力，可按材料力学公式计算截面面积和惯性矩比例的平均值分配剪力，第i墙肢分配到的剪力可近似地表达为：（6-7）式中，为墙肢截面面积。（3）墙肢轴力计算各墙肢所受的轴力应为整体弯曲使墙肢受到的正应力的合力，局部弯曲并不在墙肢中产生轴力。因此（6-8）式中，为微面积的形心到墙肢i的截面形心间的距离；为墙肢i的截面形心到剪力墙整个截面的形心间的距离。2．侧移小开口整体墙的侧移计算仍可按整体剪力墙公式计算，但应考虑洞口对截面刚度的削弱。因此，应将计算结果乘侧移增大系数1.2，即（6-9）五、双肢墙的内力与位移计算当墙上的门窗洞口尺寸较大时，剪力墙已被洞口分割成彼此联系较弱的若干墙肢，于是在整个剪力墙截面上的正应力分布己不再成直线。本专业培养掌握生物技术及其产业化的科学原理、工艺技术过程和工程设计等基础理论、基本技能，能在生物工程和生物技术领域从事设计、生产、管理和新技术研究、新产品开发的工程技术人才。IsignedwiththeBankoftheqiluBankloancontract(contract)conventions,andIusescheme,Iwouldrequesttheloans(inwords)untilIopenedpersonalsettlementaccountwithyourBank(account),usesloanfor。Loanoperation,businessunitname:accountnumber:loanfundsfromthesepersonalsettlementaccountintotheaccountofapayment.Loansinaccordancewiththefollowingpaymentmethodstopay.One,lendertrusteepayment.DelegateqiluBankloanfundsoftheborrowertomeetthestipulationofthecontractthefollowingborrowers,counterparties,commitmentfunds,regulatorycompliance,legal,andwillingtotakethepaydisputes,lossandotherconsequencesofthedelegate.PayeeaccountnumberBanknameamountpurposeII,borrowersownpaymentmethods.QiluBankaccordingtotheborrower'swithdrawalrequesttoloanfundsdisburseddirectlytotheborrower'saccount,andindependentlybytheborrowerpaymentstoborrowerswhomeetthestipulationofthecontracttransactions.Iguaranteetoyourbankcontractsandotherproveofmaterialsubmittedbyrealandeffective.Wheninaccordancewithonepayment,Iagreewiththeaboveaccountwithyourbankloanfundsthatarenotusedforstoppaymentmanagement,stoppaidconfirmedbookrecordstablesingle13:liftedcheckpaynoticerecordstablesingle14:personalloanaheadofrepaymentapplicationacceptedtableRecordstablesingle15:loanlinesopened/cancellationapplicationapprovaltablerecordstablesingle16:qilucardawardletterselfloanlinescancellationapplicationapprovaltablerecordstablesingle17:loanlinescancellationapplicationapprovaltablerecordstablesingle18:qiluBankloanurgedreceivednoticerecordstablesingle19:arrived(quality)betrealrightprovedoutlibrarylistingrecordstablesingle20:housingmortgagerightcancellationprovedrecordstablesingle21:personalpledgeloanrepaymentcommitmentletter11.scheduleSpontaneousdateofpromulgationofthispractice,thisprocedureisissuedpriortotheimplementationoftherelevantprovisionsareinconsistentwiththisregulation,issubjecttothisregulation.TheriskmanagementDepartmentisresponsiblefortheinterpretationandamendmentofproceduresbytheheadoffice.Breakthroughtherestrictionsimposedbythispractice,shouldsubmitfileexplanationsauthoritiesfileexplanationdeemednecessaryandsubmittedtotheHeadOfficeoftheloanReviewCommitteeforapproval.Recordform1:personalloancustomerconversationtranscripttomegiventheloanapplicantbankpersonalloanapplications,accordingtoqiluBankpersonalloaninterviewsregulationsandinterviewsonthefollowingissueswiththeborrowerandtheguarantor,pleaserespond,andensurecontentauthenticity.1,yourpersonalloanapplicationmaterialsmustbesubmittedtotheqiluBankistrue,otherwiseyoushouldbearthecorrespondinglegalresponsibility.Inthisregard,doyouunderstand?Yes()No()2,youapplyforpersonalloansamountingtomillionofperiodofmonths,youdecidetotaketherepaymentoptionsare:dueaone-offdebt(),monthlyinterest,to...QiluBank:墙面上开有一排洞口的墙称双肢墙；当开有多排洞口时，称多肢墙。双肢墙由于连系梁的连结，而使双肢墙结构在内力分析时成为一个高次超静定的问题。为了简化计算，一般可用解微分方程的办法计算。1．基本假定（1）将每一楼层处的连系梁简化为均匀连续分布的连杆，见图6-5；图6-5双肢剪力墙计算图（2）忽略连系梁的轴向变形，即假定两墙肢在同一标高处的水平位移相等；（3）假定两墙肢在同一标高处的转角和曲率相等，即变形曲线相同；（4）假定各连系梁的反弯点在该连系梁的中点；（5）认为双肢墙的层高h、惯性矩、；截面积、；连系梁的截面积和惯性矩等参数，沿墙高度方向均为常数。根据以上假定，可得双肢墙的计算简图，如图6-5（b）所示。图中连系梁的计算跨度（为连系梁的高度）。2．内力及侧移计算将连续化后的连续梁沿中线切开，见图6-5（c），由于跨中为反弯点，故切开后在截面上只有剪力集度V（z）及轴力集度。根据外荷载、V（z）及共同作用下，沿V（z）方向的相对位移等于零的变形协调条件，可建立一个二阶常系数非齐次线性微分方程，考虑边界条件后，可求得微分方程的解，进而可求得双肢剪力墙在水平荷载作用下的内力和侧移。其具体的计算过程如下：（1）计算几何参数。计算连系梁的折算惯性矩（6-10）计算连系梁的刚度特征值（6-11）计算双肢剪力墙组合截面形心轴的面积矩（6-12）本专业培养掌握生物技术及其产业化的科学原理、工艺技术过程和工程设计等基础理论、基本技能，能在生物工程和生物技术领域从事设计、生产、管理和新技术研究、新产品开发的工程技术人才。IsignedwiththeBankoftheqiluBankloancontract(contract)conventions,andIusescheme,Iwouldrequesttheloans(inwords)untilIopenedpersonalsettlementaccountwithyourBank(account),usesloanfor。Loanoperation,businessunitname:accountnumber:loanfundsfromthesepersonalsettlementaccountintotheaccountofapayment.Loansinaccordancewiththefollowingpaymentmethodstopay.One,lendertrusteepayment.DelegateqiluBankloanfundsoftheborrowertomeetthestipulationofthecontractthefollowingborrowers,counterparties,commitmentfunds,regulatorycompliance,legal,andwillingtotakethepaydisputes,lossandotherconsequencesofthedelegate.PayeeaccountnumberBanknameamountpurposeII,borrowersownpaymentmethods.QiluBankaccordingtotheborrower'swithdrawalrequesttoloanfundsdisburseddirectlytotheborrower'saccount,andindependentlybytheborrowerpaymentstoborrowerswhomeetthestipulationofthecontracttransactions.Iguaranteetoyourbankcontractsandotherproveofmaterialsubmittedbyrealandeffective.Wheninaccordancewithonepayment,Iagreewiththeaboveaccountwithyourbankloanfundsthatarenotusedforstoppaymentmanagement,stoppaidconfirmedbookrecordstablesingle13:liftedcheckpaynoticerecordstablesingle14:personalloanaheadofrepaymentapplicationacceptedtableRecordstablesingle15:loanlinesopened/cancellationapplicationapprovaltablerecordstablesingle16:qilucardawardletterselfloanlinescancellationapplicationapprovaltablerecordstablesingle17:loanlinescancellationapplicationapprovaltablerecordstablesingle18:qiluBankloanurgedreceivednoticerecordstablesingle19:arrived(quality)betrealrightprovedoutlibrarylistingrecordstablesingle20:housingmortgagerightcancellationprovedrecordstablesingle21:personalpledgeloanrepaymentcommitmentletter11.scheduleSpontaneousdateofpromulgationofthispractice,thisprocedureisissuedpriortotheimplementationoftherelevantprovisionsareinconsistentwiththisregulation,issubjecttothisregulation.TheriskmanagementDepartmentisresponsiblefortheinterpretationandamendmentofproceduresbytheheadoffice.Breakthroughtherestrictionsimposedbythispractice,shouldsubmitfileexplanationsauthoritiesfileexplanationdeemednecessaryandsubmittedtotheHeadOfficeoftheloanReviewCommitteeforapproval.Recordform1:personalloancustomerconversationtranscripttomegiventheloanapplicantbankpersonalloanapplications,accordingtoqiluBankpersonalloaninterviewsregulationsandinterviewsonthefollowingissueswiththeborrowerandtheguarantor,pleaserespond,andensurecontentauthenticity.1,yourpersonalloanapplicationmaterialsmustbesubmittedtotheqiluBankistrue,otherwiseyoushouldbearthecorrespondinglegalresponsibility.Inthisregard,doyouunderstand?Yes()No()2,youapplyforpersonalloansamountingtomillionofperiodofmonths,youdecidetotaketherepaymentoptionsare:dueaone-offdebt(),monthlyinterest,to...QiluBank:计算未考虑轴向变形的系数（6-13）计算整体系数（6-14）计算剪切参数（6-15）计算等效抗弯刚度（均布荷载）=（倒三角形荷载）（6-16）（顶点集中荷载）其中（均布荷载）=（倒三角形荷载）（6-17）（顶点集中荷载）（2）双肢剪力墙的内力计算计算连系梁的约束弯矩=（6-18）式中根据和查表得到。计算连系梁的剪力（6-19）计算连系梁端弯矩（6-20）计算墙肢的轴力本专业培养掌握生物技术及其产业化的科学原理、工艺技术过程和工程设计等基础理论、基本技能，能在生物工程和生物技术领域从事设计、生产、管理和新技术研究、新产品开发的工程技术人才。IsignedwiththeBankoftheqiluBankloancontract(contract)conventions,andIusescheme,Iwouldrequesttheloans(inwords)untilIopenedpersonalsettlementaccountwithyourBank(account),usesloanfor。Loanoperation,businessunitname:accountnumber:loanfundsfromthesepersonalsettlementaccountintotheaccountofapayment.Loansinaccordancewiththefollowingpaymentmethodstopay.One,lendertrusteepayment.DelegateqiluBankloanfundsoftheborrowertomeetthestipulationofthecontractthefollowingborrowers,counterparties,commitmentfunds,regulatorycompliance,legal,andwillingtotakethepaydisputes,lossandotherconsequencesofthedelegate.PayeeaccountnumberBanknameamountpurposeII,borrowersownpaymentmethods.QiluBankaccordingtotheborrower'swithdrawalrequesttoloanfundsdisburseddirectlytotheborrower'saccount,andindependentlybytheborrowerpaymentstoborrowerswhomeetthestipulationofthecontracttransactions.Iguaranteetoyourbankcontractsandotherproveofmaterialsubmittedbyrealandeffective.Wheninaccordancewithonepayment,Iagreewiththeaboveaccountwithyourbankloanfundsthatarenotusedforstoppaymentmanagement,stoppaidconfirmedbookrecordstablesingle13:liftedcheckpaynoticerecordstablesingle14:personalloanaheadofrepaymentapplicationacceptedtableRecordstablesingle15:loanlinesopened/cancellationapplicationapprovaltablerecordstablesingle16:qilucardawardletterselfloanlinescancellationapplicationapprovaltablerecordstablesingle17:loanlinescancellationapplicationapprovaltablerecordstablesingle18:qiluBankloanurgedreceivednoticerecordstablesingle19:arrived(quality)betrealrightprovedoutlibrarylistingrecordstablesingle20:housingmortgagerightcancellationprovedrecordstablesingle21:personalpledgeloanrepaymentcommitmentletter11.scheduleSpontaneousdateofpromulgationofthispractice,thisprocedureisissuedpriortotheimplementationoftherelevantprovisionsareinconsistentwiththisregulation,issubjecttothisregulation.TheriskmanagementDepartmentisresponsiblefortheinterpretationandamendmentofproceduresbytheheadoffice.Breakthroughtherestrictionsimposedbythispractice,shouldsubmitfileexplanationsauthoritiesfileexplanationdeemednecessaryandsubmittedtotheHeadOfficeoftheloanReviewCommitteeforapproval.Recordform1:personalloancustomerconversationtranscripttomegiventheloanapplicantbankpersonalloanapplications,accordingtoqiluBankpersonalloaninterviewsregulationsandinterviewsonthefollowingissueswiththeborrowerandtheguarantor,pleaserespond,andensurecontentauthenticity.1,yourpersonalloanapplicationmaterialsmustbesubmittedtotheqiluBankistrue,otherwiseyoushouldbearthecorrespondinglegalresponsibility.Inthisregard,doyouunderstand?Yes()No()2,youapplyforpersonalloansamountingtomillionofperiodofmonths,youdecidetotaketherepaymentoptionsare:dueaone-offdebt(),monthlyinterest,to...QiluBank:（6-21）计算墙肢的弯矩（6-22）；（6-23）计算墙肢的剪力；（6-24）（6-25）（3）计算双肢剪力强的侧移。（均布荷载）（倒三角形荷载）（6-26）（顶点集中荷载）六、多肢墙的内力与位移计算具有多于一排且排列整齐的洞口时，就成为多肢剪力墙。多肢墙也可以采用连续连杆法求解，基本假定和基本体系取法都和双肢墙类似。在每个连梁切口处建立一个变形协调方程，则可建立k个微分方程。要注意，在建立第i个切口处协调方程时，除了i跨连梁内力影响外，还要考虑第i-1跨连梁内力和第i+1跨连梁内力对i墙肢的影响。将k个微分方程叠加，可建立与双肢墙完全相同的微分方程，取得完全相同的微分方程解。双肢墙的公式和图表都可以应用，但必须注意下面几点区别：（1）多肢墙中共有k+1个墙肢，要把双肢墙中墙肢惯性矩和及面积和改为惯性矩和及面积和，即用代替（），用代替（）。（2）多肢墙中有k个连梁，每个连梁的刚度用下式计算：（i=1，2，…，k）（6-27）式中，为第i列连梁计算跨度之半；——i和i+1墙肢轴线距离之半。计算连梁与墙肢刚度比参数时，要用各排连梁刚度之和与墙肢惯性矩之和，（6-28）（3）双肢墙的整体系数表达式与双肢墙不同。多肢墙中计算墙肢轴向变形影响比较本专业培养掌握生物技术及其产业化的科学原理、工艺技术过程和工程设计等基础理论、基本技能，能在生物工程和生物技术领域从事设计、生产、管理和新技术研究、新产品开发的工程技术人才。IsignedwiththeBankoftheqiluBankloancontract(contract)conventions,andIusescheme,Iwouldrequesttheloans(inwords)untilIopenedpersonalsettlementaccountwithyourBank(account),usesloanfor。Loanoperation,businessunitname:accountnumber:loanfundsfromthesepersonalsettlementaccountintotheaccountofapayment.Loansinaccordancewiththefollowingpaymentmethodstopay.One,lendertrusteepayment.DelegateqiluBankloanfundsoftheborrowertomeetthestipulationofthecontractthefollowingborrowers,counterparties,commitmentfunds,regulatorycompliance,legal,andwillingtotakethepaydisputes,lossandotherconsequencesofthedelegate.PayeeaccountnumberBanknameamountpurposeII,borrowersownpaymentmethods.QiluBankaccordingtotheborrower'swithdrawalrequesttoloanfundsdisburseddirectlytotheborrower'saccount,andindependentlybytheborrowerpaymentstoborrowerswhomeetthestipulationofthecontracttransactions.Iguaranteetoyourbankcontractsandotherproveofmaterialsubmittedbyrealandeffective.Wheninaccordancewithonepayment,Iagreewiththeaboveaccountwithyourbankloanfundsthatarenotusedforstoppaymentmanagement,stoppaidconfirmedbookrecordstablesingle13:liftedcheckpaynoticerecordstablesingle14:personalloanaheadofrepaymentapplicationacceptedtableRecordstablesingle15:loanlinesopened/cancellationapplicationapprovaltablerecordstablesingle16:qilucardawardletterselfloanlinescancellationapplicationapprovaltablerecordstablesingle17:loanlinescancellationapplicationapprovaltablerecordstablesingle18:qiluBankloanurgedreceivednoticerecordstablesingle19:arrived(quality)betrealrightprovedoutlibrarylistingrecordstablesingle20:housingmortgagerightcancellationprovedrecordstablesingle21:personalpledgeloanrepaymentcommitmentletter11.scheduleSpontaneousdateofpromulgationofthispractice,thisprocedureisissuedpriortotheimplementationoftherelevantprovisionsareinconsistentwiththisregulation,issubjecttothisregulation.TheriskmanagementDepartmentisresponsiblefortheinterpretationandamendmentofproceduresbytheheadoffice.Breakthroughtherestrictionsimposedbythispractice,shouldsubmitfileexplanationsauthoritiesfileexplanationdeemednecessaryandsubmittedtotheHeadOfficeoftheloanReviewCommitteeforapproval.Recordform1:personalloancustomerconversationtranscripttomegiventheloanapplicantbankpersonalloanapplications,accordingtoqiluBankpersonalloaninterviewsregulationsandinterviewsonthefollowingissueswiththeborrowerandtheguarantor,pleaserespond,andensurecontentauthenticity.1,yourpersonalloanapplicationmaterialsmustbesubmittedtotheqiluBankistrue,otherwiseyoushouldbearthecorrespondinglegalresponsibility.Inthisregard,doyouunderstand?Yes()No()2,youapplyforpersonalloansamountingtomillionofperiodofmonths,youdecidetotaketherepaymentoptionsare:dueaone-offdebt(),monthlyinterest,to...QiluBank:困难，因此T值用近似值代替。整体系数由下式计算：（6-29）（4）求解出基本未知量后，按分配系数计算各跨连梁的约束弯矩，（6-30）（6-31）（6-32）式中，为第i列连梁中点距墙边的距离；B为总宽。七、剪力墙的分类判别式以上讨论了按整体计算的剪力墙、小开口整体剪力墙、双肢墙、多肢墙等四种类型的剪力墙，它们因外形和洞口大小的不同，受力特点也不同，不但在墙肢截面上的正应力分布有区别，而且沿墙肢高度方向上弯矩的变化规律也不同。设计时应首先判断它属于哪一种类型，然后再用相应的计算方法求出它的内力及侧移。剪力墙的整体性是划分剪力墙类型的重要标志之一。各类剪力墙的整体性可通过剪力墙的整体性系数来体现。值实际上反映了连系梁与墙肢之间刚度的比值，体现了整个剪力墙的整体性，可以利用这一参数作为判别剪力墙类型的准则之一。但的大小只反映了剪力墙整体性的好坏，它不能反映在墙肢层间是否会出现反弯点。墙肢是否出现反弯点，与墙肢惯性矩的比值，整体性系数，层数n等因素有关。各类剪力墙划分如下：若剪力墙连系梁的刚度和墙肢宽度基本均匀，整体性系数≥10，且墙肢惯性矩的比值≤（根据整体性系数和层数n查表得到）时，按小开口整体墙计算；当只满足≥10，按壁式框架计算；当只满足≤时，按双肢墙计算。若洞口面积与剪力墙立面总面积之比不大于0.15，且洞口净距及孔洞至墙边的净距大于洞口的长边尺寸时，一般可作为整体剪力墙考虑。本章内容回顾1．考虑到剪力墙平面内的刚度大，而在平面外的刚度小，因此可以把剪力墙（空间结构）化作平面结构处理，即剪力墙只承受其自身平面内的水平荷载，并按各片剪力墙的等效抗弯刚度分配水平力。2．剪力墙按受力特性的不同可分为整体剪力墙、小开口整体剪力墙、双（多）肢墙和壁式框架等几种类型。不同类型的剪力墙，其相应的受力特点、计算简图和计算方法也不相同。连系梁与墙肢之间刚度的比值与墙肢惯性矩的比值是划分剪力墙的两个判别准则。3．对于整体剪力墙，在水平力作用下截面仍保持平面，法向应力呈线性分布，可采用材料力学中有关公式计算内力及变形；对于小开口整体墙，在水平力作用下的内力及变形仍采用材料力学中有关公式进行计算并加以局部弯曲修正；计算双肢剪力墙和多肢剪力墙时，将每一楼层的连梁假想为在层高内均布的一系列连续连杆，由连杆的位移协调条件建本专业培养掌握生物技术及其产业化的科学原理、工艺技术过程和工程设计等基础理论、基本技能，能在生物工程和生物技术领域从事设计、生产、管理和新技术研究、新产品开发的工程技术人才。IsignedwiththeBankoftheqiluBankloancontract(contract)conventions,andIusescheme,Iwouldrequesttheloans(inwords)untilIopenedpersonalsettlementaccountwithyourBank(account),usesloanfor。Loanoperation,businessunitname:accountnumber:loanfundsfromthesepersonalsettlementaccountintotheaccountofapayment.Loansinaccordancewiththefollowingpaymentmethodstopay.One,lendertrusteepayment.DelegateqiluBankloanfundsoftheborrowertomeetthestipulationofthecontractthefollowingborrowers,counterparties,commitmentfunds,regulatorycompliance,legal,andwillingtotakethepaydisputes,lossandotherconsequencesofthedelegate.PayeeaccountnumberBanknameamountpurposeII,borrowersownpaymentmethods.QiluBankaccordingtotheborrower'swithdrawalrequesttoloanfundsdisburseddirectlytotheborrower'saccount,andindependentlybytheborrowerpaymentstoborrowerswhomeetthestipulationofthecontracttransactions.Iguaranteetoyourbankcontractsandotherproveofmaterialsubmittedbyrealandeffective.Wheninaccordancewithonepayment,Iagreewiththeaboveaccountwithyourbankloanfundsthatarenotusedforstoppaymentmanagement,stoppaidconfirmedbookrecordstablesingle13:liftedcheckpaynoticerecordstablesingle14:personalloanaheadofrepaymentapplicationacceptedtableRecordstablesingle15:loanlinesopened/cancellationapplicationapprovaltablerecordstablesingle16:qilucardawardletterselfloanlinescancellationapplicationapprovaltablerecordstablesingle17:loanlinescancellationapplicationapprovaltablerecordstablesingle18:qiluBankloanurgedreceivednoticerecordstablesingle19:arrived(quality)betrealrightprovedoutlibrarylistingrecordstablesingle20:housingmortgagerightcancellationprovedrecordstablesingle21:personalpledgeloanrepaymentcommitmentletter11.scheduleSpontaneousdateofpromulgationofthispractice,thisprocedureisissuedpriortotheimplementationoftherelevantprovisionsareinconsistentwiththisregulation,issubjecttothisregulation.TheriskmanagementDepartmentisresponsiblefortheinterpretationandamendmentofproceduresbytheheadoffice.Breakthroughtherestrictionsimposedbythispractice,shouldsubmitfileexplanationsauthoritiesfileexplanationdeemednecessaryandsubmittedtotheHeadOfficeoftheloanReviewCommitteeforapproval.Recordform1:personalloancustomerconversationtranscripttomegiventheloanapplicantbankpersonalloanapplications,accordingtoqiluBankpersonalloaninterviewsregulationsandinterviewsonthefollowingissueswiththeborrowerandtheguarantor,pleaserespond,andensurecontentauthenticity.1,yourpersonalloanapplicationmaterialsmustbesubmittedtotheqiluBankistrue,otherwiseyoushouldbearthecorrespondinglegalresponsibility.Inthisregard,doyouunderstand?Yes()No()2,youapplyforpersonalloansamountingtomillionofperiodofmonths,youdecidetotaketherepaymentoptionsare:dueaone-offdebt(),monthlyinterest,to...QiluBank:立墙的内力微分方程，从中求解出外力。本专业培养掌握生物技术及其产业化的科学原理、工艺技术过程和工程设计等基础理论、基本技能，能在生物工程和生物技术领域从事设计、生产、管理和新技术研究、新产品开发的工程技术人才。IsignedwiththeBankoftheqiluBankloancontract(contract)conventions,andIusescheme,Iwouldrequesttheloans(inwords)untilIopenedpersonalsettlementaccountwithyourBank(account),usesloanfor。Loanoperation,businessunitname:accountnumber:loanfundsfromthesepersonalsettlementaccountintotheaccountofapayment.Loansinaccordancewiththefollowingpaymentmethodstopay.One,lendertrusteepayment.DelegateqiluBankloanfundsoftheborrowertomeetthestipulationofthecontractthefollowingborrowers,counterparties,commitmentfunds,regulatorycompliance,legal,andwillingtotakethepaydisputes,lossandotherconsequencesofthedelegate.PayeeaccountnumberBanknameamountpurposeII,borrowersownpaymentmethods.QiluBankaccordingtotheborrower'swithdrawalrequesttoloanfundsdisburseddirectlytotheborrower'saccount,andindependentlybytheborrowerpaymentstoborrowerswhomeetthestipulationofthecontracttransactions.Iguaranteetoyourbankcontractsandotherproveofmaterialsubmittedbyrealandeffective.Wheninaccordancewithonepayment,Iagreewiththeaboveaccountwithyourbankloanfundsthatarenotusedforstoppaymentmanagement,stoppaidconfirmedbookrecordstablesingle13:liftedcheckpaynoticerecordstablesingle14:personalloanaheadofrepaymentapplicationacceptedtableRecordstablesingle15:loanlinesopened/cancellationapplicationapprovaltablerecordstablesingle16:qilucardawardletterselfloanlinescancellationapplicationapprovaltablerecordstablesingle17:loanlinescancellationapplicationapprovaltablerecordstablesingle18:qiluBankloanurgedreceivednoticerecordstablesingle19:arrived(quality)betrealrightprovedoutlibrarylistingrecordstablesingle20:housingmortgagerightcancellationprovedrecordstablesingle21:personalpledgeloanrepaymentcommitmentletter11.scheduleSpontaneousdateofpromulgationofthispractice,thisprocedureisissuedpriortotheimplementationoftherelevantprovisionsareinconsistentwiththisregulation,issubjecttothisregulation.TheriskmanagementDepartmentisresponsiblefortheinterpretationandamendmentofproceduresbytheheadoffice.Breakthroughtherestrictionsimposedbythispractice,shouldsubmitfileexplanationsauthoritiesfileexplanationdeemednecessaryandsubmittedtotheHeadOfficeoftheloanReviewCommitteeforapproval.Recordform1:personalloancustomerconversationtranscripttomegiventheloanapplicantbankpersonalloanapplications,accordingtoqiluBankpersonalloaninterviewsregulationsandinterviewsonthefollowingissueswiththeborrowerandtheguarantor,pleaserespond,andensurecontentauthenticity.1,yourpersonalloanapplicationmaterialsmustbesubmittedtotheqiluBankistrue,otherwiseyoushouldbearthecorrespondinglegalresponsibility.Inthisregard,doyouunderstand?Yes()No()2,youapplyforpersonalloansamountingtomillionofperiodofmonths,youdecidetotaketherepaymentoptionsare:dueaone-offdebt(),monthlyinterest,to...QiluBank:",)