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当前位置: 首页 > word文档 > 学习教育 > 人教版高中英语必修2-现在完成时的被动语态用法讲解(教师版)

人教版高中英语必修2-现在完成时的被动语态用法讲解(教师版)

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本作品内容为人教版高中英语必修2-现在完成时的被动语态用法讲解(教师版),格式为 doc ,大小 100352 KB ,页数为 6页

人教版高中英语必修2-现在完成时的被动语态用法讲解(教师版)


("【高一同步教程】高中英语必修2现在完成时的被动语态用法讲解【学习目标】1.现在完成时被动语态的结构2.现在完成时被动语态的主要用法3.使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题【课前预习】1.什么是语态?语态是表示主语和动词之间的主动关系或被动关系的动词形式。英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者(施动者),被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者(受动者)。2.对现在完成时被动语态的理解现在完成时被动语态的结构就是现在完成时态和被动语态结构的叠合,即“have+been+动词过去分词”。试比较以下几组句子的谓语结构:1)主动句:Hehasrepairedthemachinefortwohours.他修理这台机器已有两小时了。被动句:Themachinehasbeenrepairedfortwohours.这台机器已修了两小时了。2)主动句:Theteacherhasborrowedthebooks.老师把那些书借走了。被动句:Thebookshavebeenborrowedbytheteacher.那些书被老师借走了。【教学过程】一、现在完成时被动语态的构成1.现在完成时被动语态的肯定式由“have/has+been+及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如:Twowindowshavebeenbroken.两个窗子被打破了。2.现在完成时被动语态的否定式由“have/has+not+been+及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如:Thecarhasnotbeenrepaired.这辆汽车还没有修好。3.现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问式由“Have/Has+主语+been+及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如:①─Hasherworkbeenfinished?她的工作完成了吗?─Yes,ithas.是的,完成了。②─Havethecarsbeenrepaired?这些汽车修好了吗?─No,theyhaven't.不,还没有。4.现在完成时被动语态的特殊疑问式由“疑问词+have/has+主语+been+及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如:Howlonghasherworkbeenfinished?她的工作完成有多久了?Whohasbeenhelpedbythenewcomputer?谁已经得到了这台新计算机的帮助?Howmanynewwordshavebeenlearnedbythestudents?这些学生已经学会了多少单词?二、现在完成时被动语态的主要用法1.表示被动的动作发生在说话之前(即现在的过去),强调对现在造成的影响和结果。例如:Thedoorhasbeenlocked.门被锁上了。(结果是现在没有人能进去)2.表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去,持续到现在,并可能将持续下去,常与for或since引导的时间状语连用,或用于Howlong.?句型中。例如:Theoldmanhasbeenlookedafterfortwentyyears.1这位老人已受照顾20年了。(可能还会被照顾下去)Theyhavebeentoldaboutitformanytimes有人告诉他们这事很多次了。(可能还会有人告诉他们)Howlonghasthemachinebeenused?这机器使用有多久了?三、使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题1.现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词,即have/has和been,两者缺一不可。2.只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时,将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。Wehavebuiltmanyhousesinthepasttenyears.Manyhouseshavebeenbuiltinthepasttenyears(byus).3.带有双宾语的动词,如:give,send,bring,take,teach,show,,sing,write,read,sell,buy,tell,pay,lend,pass,promise等,变为被动语态时,可将其中一个宾语变为主语,另一个保留不动。Wehavegivenhimthebook.Hehasbeengiventhebook.Thebookhasbeengiventohim.4.带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时,只能将宾语变为主语,原来的宾补改为主语补足语。原来省略to的不定式作宾补时,被动语态中要用带to的不定式。Ihavetoldthemtohelpyou.Theyhavebeentoldtohelpyou.Ihavemadeherworkhard.Shehasbeenmadetoworkhard(byme).5.短语动词是一个不可分割的整体,在被动结构中要保持完整性,不可省略短语动词中的介词或副词。例如:Theorphanhasbeenwelllookedafter.这位孤儿一直受到很好的照顾。Theyhavereferredtothebooks.Thebookshavebeenreferredto(bythem).Hehasthoughtofawayofdoingit.Awayofdoingithasbeenthoughtof(byhim).6.由finish,buy,start,begin,post,return,borrow,join,marry,open等词构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语如forfourdays,howlong等连用,而要改换动词或时态。例如:译:这本书买了多久了?误:Howlonghasthisbookbeenbought?正:Howlongagowasthisbookbought?但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程,具有延续性,因而可与since或for引导的时间段连用。例如:Nobookshavebeenboughtsincelastweek.自上周以来,没有人来买过书。7.注意与一般过去时被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时刻,其结果对现在没有影响;而现在完成时被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去,但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果。例如:Thehousewasbuiltlastyear.这房子是去年建造的。Thehousehasbeenbuilt.这房子已经建好了。四、经典习题1.Ican'tseeanycoffeeinthiscupboard..(北京2005春)2A.HasitallbeenfinishedB.WasitallfinishedC.HasitallfinishedD.Diditallfinish2.Millionsofpounds'worthofdamagebyastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofEnglandlastnight.(重庆2005)A.hasbeencausedB.hadbeencausedC.willbecausedD.willhavebeencaused3.Morepatientsinhospitalthisyearthanlastyear.(江苏2004)A.treatedB.havetreatedC.hadbeentreatedD.havebeentreated4.—Thewindowisdirty.—Iknow.Itforweeks.(2004全国卷Ⅲ)A.hasn'tcleanedB.didn'tcleanC.wasn'tcleanedD.hasn'tbeencleaned【答案与解析】第1题的第一句话告诉我们,橱柜里看不到咖啡了(对现在造成影响和结果),所以紧接着要问“咖啡已经被喝完了吗?”,故选A。第2题的意思是“昨晚横扫英格兰北部的暴风雨已经造成了上百万英镑的损失”,这里强调发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响,故选A。第3题中的patients与treat之间是被动关系,排除A、B。根据时间状语thisyear可知用现在完成时的被动语态,故选D。第4题上句提到“窗户很脏”,所以下句应该是“窗户已经有数周没有被擦了”,故选D。【课后练习】一、把下列句子变成被动语态1.Maryhaslockedthedoor.2.Shehastoldmeaboutthestory.3.Ihavereadthisbookmanytimes.4.Wehavecompletedallthepreparationsforthetask,andwe'rereadytostart.5.Thiscompanyhasproducednewtypesofcomputers6.Theyhaveinterviewedseveralteachersforthejob.7.Georgehassentsometextsandpicturestohisfriend'scellphone.8.Theyhavedevelopedsomeprogramsforthehumanresourcedepartmentoftheircompany9.Someonehasputthebookunderthebenchformorethantwodays.10.Thetyphoonhasdamagedthebridgesbecauseofitsstrongwind.二、改错1.Apersonalcomputerhasboughtbyus.2.Manyproblemshasbeenfoundwithournewcomputer.3.Thecomputerwasusedeverydaysinceweboughtit.4.It'ssaidthatthisbookhastranslatedintoChinese.5.Thenewtheaterhasbeendesigningrecently.三、单选选择1.---Flight302toLondonuntil7:30tomorrowmorning.---NowonderIhearsomanycomplaintsfromthepassengers.A.hasbeendelayedB.delayC.delayedD.willbedelayed2.Greatchanges______inthecity,andalotoffactories______.A.havebeentakenplace;havebeensetupB.havetakenplace;havebeensetupC.havetakenplace;havesetupD.weretakenplace;weresetup3.EveryyearafloodoffarmersarriveinShenzhenforthemoney-makingjobstheybeforeleavingtheirhometowns.3A.promisedB.werepromisedC.havepromisedD.havebeenpromised4.—DavidandVickymarried?—Foraboutthreeyears.A.Howlongwere;beingB.Howlonghave;gotC.Howlonghave;beenD.Howlongdid;get5.Tomwassaidto______Maryforfortyyears.A.havebeenmarriedtoB.havemarriedwithC.hasbeenmarriedD.hadmarriedwith6.Papermoneyforoverathousandyears.A.usedB.hasbeenusedC.hasusedD.isusing7.—Wewanttositatthetablenearthewindow.—I'msorry,butitalready.A.hastakenB.tookC.wastakenD.hasbeentaken8.—thelettertoMr..Black?—No.It'sstillonthedesk.A.Has;givenB.Will;begivenC.Was;givenD.Has;beengiven9.Greatchangesinmyhometownandalotoffactories.A.havebeentakenplace;arebeingsetupB.havetakenplace;havebeensetupC.aretakenplace;hadbeensetupD.hadtakenplace;willbesetup10.Sofar,moonbymanalready.A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited11.Withthehelpofhightechnology,morenewsubstancesinthepastyears.A.discoveredB.havediscoveredC.hadbeendiscoveredD.havebeendiscovered12.Igotcaughtintherainandmysuit.A.hasruinedB.hadruinedC.hasbeenruinedD.hadbeenruined13.—Whydoesthelakesmellterrible—Becauselargequantitiesofwater.A.havepollutedB.isbeingpollutedC.hasbeenpollutedD.havebeenpolluted14.Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholidayyet.A.arenotdecidedB.havenotbeendecidedC.isnotbeingdecidedD.hasnotbeendecided15.InrecentyearsmanyfootballclubsasbusinesstomakeaprofitA.haverunB.havebeenrunC.hadbeenrunD.willrun16.Nopermissionhasforanybodytoenterthebuilding.A.beengivenB.gaveC.givenD.begive17.By2003,28ChineseculturerelicsonWorldHeritageListbyUNESCO.A.beplacedB.placedC.havebeenplacedD.haveplaced18.Alotofmoneytoprotecttheoldtemple.A.havebeenspentB.hasspentC.havespentD.hasbeenspent19.TheGreatWallmanytimesinhistory.A.isrebuiltB.hasbeenrebuiltC.beenrebuiltD.rebuilt20.TheStonehengeexistedformorethan3,000years.4A.isB.beC.hasbeenD.havebeen21.-Howmanytimesnottoplaywithfire?-I'msorry.I'llneverdothatagain.A.doyoutellB.hadyoutoldC.areyoutoldD.haveyoubeentold22.Thefiretothefifthfloorallthepeople?A.hasgot;Have;beensavedB.hasbeengot;Have;savedC.hasgot;Do;saveD.hasgot;Have;saved23.Oldpaintingsaccordingtothedescriptions.A.arecarefullyrecreatedB.havebeencarefullyrecreatedC.haveberecreatedD.beencarefullyrecreated24.MorevisitorstoBeijingsincetherepairproject.A.havebrought;wascompletedB.havebeenbrought;wascompletedC.havebeenbrought;completedD.havebrought;completed25.Itistruethatmanyoftheworld'sgreatestcitiesonthebanksofariver.A.havebeenbuiltB.havebuiltC.arebeingbuiltD.werebuilt26.Doyouknowthethiefbythepolice?A.hascaughtB.hasbeencatchingC.wascaughtD.hasbeencaught27.ItthatLeshanBuddhaisthebiggestamongtheBuddhasthat.A.wasreported;havebeenfoundB.isreported;havefoundC.isreported;havebeenfoundD.wasreported;hadbeenfound28.-Willyouattendthemeetingthisafternoon?-ButIanythingaboutthat.A.hadn'ttoldB.haven'tbeentoldC.wasn'ttoldD.won'ttell29.Morepatientsinthehospitalthisyearthanlastyear.A.treatedB.havetreatedC.hadbeentreatedD.havebeentreated30.Howmanytreesthisyear?A.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.planted【答案解析】一、将以下句子的主动形式改为被动形式1.Thedoorhasbeenlocked.2.Ihavebeentoldaboutthestory.3.Thisbookhasbeenreadmanytimes.4.Allthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompleted,andwe'rereadytostart.5.Newtypesofcomputershasbeenproduced.6.Severalteachershavebeeninterviewedforthejob.7.SometextsandpictureshavebeensenttoGeorge'sfriend'scellphone.8.Someprogramsforthehumanresourcedepartmentoftheircompanyhavebeendeveloped.9.Thebookhasbeenputunderthebenchformorethantwodays.10.Thebridgeshavebeendamagedbythetyphoonbecauseofitsstrongwind.二、改错1.Apersonalcomputerhasbeenboughtbyus.2.Manyproblemshavebeenfoundwithournewcomputer.5.Thecomputerhasbeenusedeverydaysinceweboughtit.4.It'ssaidthatthisbookhasbeentranslatedintoChinese.55.Thenewtheaterhasbeendesignedrecently.三、单项选择1.答案:A解析:确定首句时态的关键信息在于----NowonderIhearsomanycomplaintsfromthepassengers.既然听到了乘客的抱怨,说明航班已经被推迟。也就是说,推迟这一动作发生在过去且已对现在产生影响,所以用现在完成时。2.答案:B3.答案:D解析:根据上文所用时态,下文应该用现在范畴的时态,排除A、B两个答案,再考虑语态,选D项。4.答案:C解析:根据该对话中的时间状语foraboutthreeyears该题问的是动作持续了多久,用现在完成时,排除A、D两项。getmarried强调的是结婚这一动作,不能延续,故排除B项。bemarried表示已婚的状态,可以延续。故本题答案为C项。5.答案:A6.答案:B解析:该题的时间状语foroverathousandyears.,该问题已持续很长时间,用现在完成时。Money是被使用的因此用被动语态,所以其他选项不完整。7.答案:D解析:该对话的意思是“---我要坐那个靠窗户的位置,---对不起,那个位置已经有人了”。说的是那个位置已经被别人事先预定了,位置预定需要用被动,而预定这个动作已经完成,故用D.8.答案:D解析:根据对话答语的副词stillonthedesk说明该动作还没有完成,所以问句问的是动作看是否已经完成?letter和given之间又是被动关系,故选D9.答案:B解析:这句话的意思是说目前家乡已经发生了很大的变化,建起了很多工厂。这些动作都已经完成故用完成时态,变化和工厂做主语需要用被动语态,而takeplace无被动形式,所以选B10.答案:C解析:sofar是和现在完成时连用的时间状语,方位月球,月球做主语要用被动语态,所以选C。11.答案::D解析:inthepastyears是和想在完成时态连用的时间状语,morenewsubstances做主语是被发现的,因此用现在完成时态的被动语态。故选D.12.答案:C解析:这句话的意思是:我被困在大雨里,衣服被毁坏了。强调的是动作发生在过去对现在造成的影响,用完成时态。衣服是被雨水毁坏的,要用被动雨天,一次选C。13.答案:D解析:这句话的大意是:湖水的味道难闻是由于大量的水污染造成的。水是被污染的,而这一结果到目前已经完成,故选D。14.答案:D解析:yet是和现在完成时连用的副词,二时间和地点的决定是人为的,因此要用被动语态,所以选D。15.答案:B解析:inrecentyears是和想在完成时连用的时间状语,而足球俱乐部是由人来经营管理的要用被动语态,所以选B。16.A17.C18.D19.B20.C21.D22.A23.B24.B25.A26.D27.C28.B29.D30.C6",)


  • 编号:1700724006
  • 分类:学习教育
  • 软件: wps,office word
  • 大小:6页
  • 格式:docx
  • 风格:商务
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