8下英语被动语态语法练习,英语被动语态语法讲解

语法在线被动语态（一）【经典讲解】一、概述语态用来说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态有两种，即：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。二、构成被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be要随着主语的人称、数以及时态的变化而发生变化。本单元我们主要学习三种时态的被动语态，具体见下表：三、用法1.不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者。如：Paperismadefromwood.纸是由木头制成的。2.突出或强调动作的承受者。如：ThiscompanywasstartedbyMrWhite.这家公司是由怀特先生创办的。3.出于礼貌，不愿意说出动作的执行者。如：Youarewishedtofinishthetaskmorecarefully.希望你更认真地完成这项任务。四、四种句式1.肯定句：主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+(by...)。如：Thecoatwasboughtbymymother.这件大衣是我妈妈买的。2.否定句：主语+be+not+及物动词的过去分词+(by...)。如：Thecoatwasn'tboughtbymymother.这件大衣不是我妈妈买的。3.一般疑问句：Be+主语+及物动词的过去分词+(by...)?如：Wasthecoatboughtbyyourmother?这件大衣是你妈妈买的吗？4.特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语+及物动词的过去分词+(by...)?如：Whowasthecoatboughtby?五、主动语态变被动语态的方法1.首先，把主动句的宾语变成被动句的主语。2.其次，把主动句的谓语变成被动句的谓语“be＋及物动词的过去分词”，注意时态要与主动句保持一致。3.最后，把主动句的主语变成介词by的宾语，并放在谓语动词之后。如果主语是人称代词，要将主格改成宾格。有时，by引导的短语可以省略。如：Georgebroketheglass.→TheglasswasbrokenbyGeorge.ShepractisesEnglisheveryday.→Englishispractisedbyhereveryday.六、主动语态变被动语态需要注意的问题1.含有双宾语的主动句变成被动句时，直接宾语和间接宾语都可以变为被动句的主语。如果直接宾语变为被动句的主语，则要在间接宾语的前面加介词to或for。如：Myunclegavemeanicepresentonmybirthday.→Iwasgivenanicepresentbymyuncleonmybirthday./Anicepresentwasgiventomebymyuncleonmybirthday.2.含有“动词+介词/副词”的短语动词的主动句变成被动句时，要把短语动词作为一个整体看，介词或副词不能漏掉。如：Thesportsmeetingwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather.3.主动句中，see,watch,hear,notice,make等动词后面跟省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，变成被动句时，这些动词后面的动词不定式需要加上to。如：Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.→Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.【专练平台】从方框中选择合适的单词，并用其适当形式填空。write,water,love,hold,see1.ThecharactertheMonkeyKing_______bypeopleofallages.2.—WhereisLisa?—She________toenterthelibraryjustnow.3.Theflowersinthegarden__________byAuntCaieveryday.4.Theheadteachertellsthestudentsthatanartfestival__________nextmonth.5.Thosebooks___________byMoYanmanyyearsago.islovedwasseenarewateredwillbeheldwerewrittenⅠ.用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。1.A7-year-oldboy_________(save)fromtheriveryesterday.2.Ourclassroom_________(clean)bysomestudentseverymorning.3.It'sLinda'sfavouritestorybook,andit_______(read)byherbeforebedeverynight.4.Accordingtothenewsreport,ahighbuilding__________(build)inthecitycentrenextyear.5.“Look!Thisismysleepingareaandaphotoofmydaughter_______(hang)onthewall,”WangYapingsaidinavideo.wassavediscleanedisreadwillbebuilt【跟踪训练】ishung6.Idon'tknowwho_____________(invite)toGeorge'spartytomorrow.7.Themodelplane_________(make)byTonyandittookhimthreehourstofinishit.8.ThedoctordidagoodjobinfightingCOVID-19.He_______________(interview)onTV,andheisfamousnow.9.Youcan'ttakesnackswithyoubecauseeating____________(notallow)inthemuseum.10.Therivernearmyhome___________(pollute)lastyear.Sincethen,Ihaven'tswuminit.willbeinvitedwasmadewasinterviewedisn'tallowedwaspollutedⅡ.根据所给汉语提示，完成下列句子。每空一词。1.张先生经常被他女儿问一些奇怪的问题。MrZhang____often_____somestrangequestionsbyhisdaughter.2.最终，陈明为他生病的父亲筹集了五万元。Atlast,50,000yuan_________________byChenMingforhissickfather.3.辛迪的作业每晚由她妈妈检查。Cindy'shomework___________byhermothereveryevening.isaskedwasraised/collectedischecked4.我妹妹的生日周日将在一家饭店庆祝。Mysister'sbirthday_________________inarestaurantonSunday.5.敬老院需要三名志愿者。你愿意去那里工作吗？Threevolunteers___________intheoldpeople'shome.Wouldyouliketoworkthere?6.袁隆平的成就将永远被我们所有人铭记。YuanLongping'sachievements___________________byallofusforever.7.学生们被要求在校穿校服，这是校规。Thestudents__________________wearschooluniformsatschool.It'saschoolrule.arewantedwillberememberedwillbecelebratedareasked/requiredto8.地震发生后，人们被带到了安全的地方。Aftertheearthquakehappened,people___________tothesafeplaces.9.这些报纸是我爷爷收集的。Thesenewspapers________________mygrandfather.10.艾伦被认为是最适合当班长的人。Allan___________tobethemostsuitablepersontobethemonitor.weretakenwerecollectedbyisthoughtⅢ.改错。1.Alltheanimalsaretakengoodcareinthezoo.___________________________________________2.AspeechontraditionalChineseskillswillgiveintheschoolhalltomorrow.______________________________________________________________________________________3.ThereportfinishedbyPeterhalfanhourago.___________________________________________Alltheanimalsaretakengoodcareofinthezoo.AspeechontraditionalChineseskillswillbegivenintheschoolhalltomorrow.ThereportwasfinishedbyPeterhalfanhourago.4.DoyouknowwhyNewYorkCitycallstheBigApple?______________________________________________________________________________________5.Nickwasmadecrybyhissisterlastnight.___________________________________________DoyouknowwhyNewYorkCityiscalledtheBigApple?Nickwasmadetocrybyhissisterlastnight.Ⅱ.语法填空。阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(A)Eddiewasexcited.Themountainbikeracewasabouttostartandhealwayspractisedhard.Maybehewould(1)______(final)winthisyear.Lotsofpeopleweretheretocheertheracerson.Eddie'sdadwasamong(2)_____(they).Helookedexcitedtoo.TheracebeganandEddiegotawayquickly.Thetrack(赛道)washardwithlotsofturns,(3)____Eddiewasreadyforthem.He(4)_____(know)finallythembutknewthathisfriendRileywastheonlyriderinfrontofhim.Eddietriedhisbest(5)________(reach)Rileyandthenhewasinfront.Hewasgoingtowin.Eddiecouldseethefinishline(终点线)atthetopof(6)____nexthill.PeoplebegantoshoutandEddieheardhisfathercheeringhimon.Momentslater,Eddieheardashout.HelookedbackandsawRileylying(7)___thetrack.Otherriderswouldcomeinfrontofhimanyminutenow.toreachtheonEddiegotoffhisbikeandrantoRiley.RileytoldEddiehehadfallenoffthebike,buthewasfine.Riley'sbike(8)__________(move)offthetrackquicklybyEddie.Otherridersrodepastthefinishline,andEddieheardashoutgoupforthe(9)______(win).Slowly,Eddiemovedhisbiketothefinishline.Hefeltverysad.Tohissurprise,Eddieheardasoundandlookedaround.Hesawpeopleshoutingforhim.Andtherewashisdad,the(10)________(happy)ofall.wasmovedwinnerhappiest(B)Doyouknowembroidery(刺绣)?It'soneofthemostfamousartformsinChineseculture.ShuembroideryfromSichuanProvinceis(1)___importantembroiderystyle.It'swidelyknownfor(2)___(it)strongexpressionandgreatneedlework.MengDezhi,59,wasbornintoafamilyofembroiderers.Sheusedtobeoneofthemosttalented(3)________(worker)attheChengduShuEmbroideryFactory.Shuembroiderycanneverbemade(4)_____(easy).EvenforanexperiencedworkerlikeMeng,therepetitive(重复的)workanitsworkerseasilyoften(5)_________(challenge)her.Inwinter,whenherhandsandfeetarefreezing,thingsbecomeeven(6)____________(difficult).ButMengneverstopsthework.“Thoseexperiencesmaysometimesmakemeupset.However,thelove(7)___Shuembroiderymakesmecontinue,”saidMeng.Later,somecheapproductscouldbemadebymachine.ThefactoryMengworkedinwasclosedbecauseitsbusinessbecamebad.(8)_______thetraditionwasatrisk,Mengdecidedtodosomething.Acompany(9)__________(start)byhertoteachpeopleShuembroideryskills.PeoplefromhomeandmoredifficultforchallengesWhenwasstartedabroadwenttohercompanytolearnhow(10)_____(do)Shuembroidery.“Ihavetheresponsibility(责任)topassonShuembroideryskillstopeople.Whenpeoplegetthebeautyoftheart,theywillfallinlovewithit,”saidMeng.todoⅠ．根据括号中的提示词语，翻译句子。Writing1.她很擅长剪纸。(begoodat)___________________________________________2.她能剪出各种各样的图案。(cutout)___________________________________________3.去年她的剪纸展览在我们学校举办。(beheld)___________________________________________She'sverygoodatmakingpapercuttings.Shecancutoutallkindsofpatterns.Anexhibitionofherpapercuttingswasheldinourschoollastyear.4.钟老师已教给我很多关于剪纸的知识。(teachsb.aboutsth.)______________________________________________________________________________________5.依我看，她是我们学校最好的老师之一。(inmyopinion)______________________________________________________________________________________MsZhonghastaughtmealotaboutpapercutting.Inmyopinion,sheisoneofthebestteachersinourschool.Ⅱ．书面表达。假如你是校美术俱乐部的成员王辉，你的英国好友Bill对中国传统技艺很感兴趣，他写邮件想了解你身边有中国传统技艺的人。请你根据下面的提示内容，给他回一封电子邮件，向他介绍你们俱乐部的剪纸老师——钟老师。提示内容：1.钟老师50多岁，很擅长剪纸；2.她能剪出各种各样的图案，如动物、植物和代表健康和好运的汉字；3.去年她的剪纸展览在你们学校举办，她的作品很受欢迎；4.你对她的评价。要求：1.须包含提示中的所有内容，可以适当发挥；2.语言通顺，意思连贯，表达完整；3.词数：80左右（邮件的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数）。DearBill,SinceyouwanttoknowaboutapersonwithatraditionalChineseskillaroundme,I'mgoingtointroduceMsZhongtoyou.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,WangHuiMsZhongisapapercuttingteacherintheArtClubofourschool.Sheisover50,andshe'sverygoodatmakingpapercuttings.Shecancutoutallkindsofpatternssuchasanimals,plantsandChinesecharactersforhealthandgoodluck.Anexhibitionofherpapercuttingswasheldinourschoollastyear.Herworkswerereallypopular.MsZhonghastaughtmealotaboutpapercutting.Inmyopinion,sheisoneofthebestteachersinourschool.Ⅰ．根据所给的汉语或首字母提示填写单词。MorePractice1.MrBrownboughtatoysoldierwith_______(可活动的)armsandlegsforhisson.2.TheTVshowattractsalotof________(观众)everyweek.3.Idon't_____(介意)havingadoginthehouseaslongasit'sclean.4.Lilythinksswimmingisthebestf____ofexercise.5.—Don'tlookatthecomputers_____forlong,Peter.It'sbadforyoureyes.—Isee,Mum.movableaudiencemindormcreenⅡ.根据Morepractice部分的内容进行综合填空。WangWeifangputsonaplaywithhisfriendsinasmalltownnearXi'aneverySaturday.Theaudiencecanhearthem,buttheycan'tseethem.Thatisbecausetheyare(1)_________ashadowpuppetplay.Shadowpuppetsaremadeofhardleather.Theleather(2)________intheshapeofaperson,ananimaloranobject.Eachpuppetispaintedinbrightcoloursandputonastick.Somepuppetshavemovablearmsandlegs.puttingoniscutoutDuringashadowpuppetplay,Wangstandsbehindawhitescreenwithlightsbehindit.Theaudiencesit(3)__________thescreen.Wangandhisfriendsholdthepuppetsveryclosetothescreensotheaudiencecanseethepuppets'shadowsclearly.Thentheymovethepuppetsaroundand(4)______________thedifferentcharacters.ShadowpuppetplaysareanancientChineseart.NowwithTVandfilms,shadowpuppetplays(5)_________________before.Wangandhisfriendsoftenworkveryhardforlittlemoney,buttheydon'tmind.Theywanttokeepthistraditionalartformalive.infrontofdothevoicesofaren'taspopularas写作指南Anartistwithatraditionalskill【经典例题】假如你校英语俱乐部正在举办有关中国传统技艺的主题征文活动。请你根据下面表格中的提示内容，写一篇英语短文给英语俱乐部投稿，介绍石狮雕刻艺术家——高树飞。要求：1.须包含提示中的所有内容，条理清晰，语句通顺，行文连贯；2.词数：80左右（短文的开头已经给出，不计入总词数）。提示词语：雕刻carve，将……传授给……passon...to...Inourmodernsociety,therearestillsomepeoplewhohavetraditionalChineseskills.GaoShufeiisoneofthem.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二十四版读写训【思路点拨】【谋篇布局】这次的写作任务要求我们根据表格中的提示内容，写一篇英语短文介绍石狮雕刻艺术家——高树飞。我们可以分以下三个部分来完成这篇文章。第一部分：导入话题，引出要介绍的人物——高树飞。第二部分：介绍人物，包括：①高树飞的个人信息，如出生地等；②高树飞的个人经历，如童年时的雕刻经历、18岁时开始学习雕刻石狮等。第三部分：指出高树飞对中国传统技艺现状的担忧，同时表明他的希望。【提纲挈领】根据上面题目中给出的信息提示，完成下列写作提纲。poorfamilychildhoodstonelionsdifferentfrompasson【范文展示】Inourmodernsociety,therearestillsomepeoplewhohavetraditionalChineseskills.GaoShufeiisoneofthem.GaowasbornintoapoorfamilyinYulin,ShaanxiProvince.Helovedcarvingwiththethingslikepotatoesandstonesduringchildhood.Attheageof18,hestartedtolearntocarvestonelions.Sincethen,ithasbecomehiscareer.Hehascarvedover130kindsofstonelionssofar,andeachlionisdifferentfromtheothers.Nowadays,fewpeopleareinterestedintraditionalChineseskills.Gaoisworriedaboutthat.Hehopestopassontheskillofcarvingstonelionstomorepeople.要求：1.须包含提示中的所有内容，语句通顺，语意连贯，语法正确；2.词数：80左右（短文的开头已经给出，不计入总词数）。提示词语：紫砂壶purpleclayteapot，一代代fromgenerationtogeneration假如你是校英文报的撰稿人，你校将邀请紫砂壶匠人蒋天元来教同学们如何制作紫砂壶。请你根据下面的提示内容，在校报上刊登一篇英语短文介绍蒋天元，并号召同学们报名参加该课程。【仿真任务】Boysandgirls,It'sapieceofgoodnews!________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二十四版读写训Boysandgirls,It'sapieceofgoodnews!TherewillbesixlessonsabouthowtomakepurpleclayteapotsinourschoolinthesecondweekofMay.TheteacherisJiangTianyuanwhohaspractisedthemakingofpurpleclayteapotsformanyyears.MrJiangwasborninChangxingCounty,ZhejiangProvincein1982.Theskillofmakingpurpleclayteapotshasbeenpasseddownfromgenerationtogenerationinhisfamily.Whenhewassevenyearsold,hebegantolearntomakepurpleclayteapotsfromtheeldersofhisfamily.Ifyou'reinterestedinthistraditionalChineseskill,comeandsignupforthecourse.