初中英语语法之被动语态详解与练习原创PPT-(by-Sandy于老师)

1主动语态与被动语态的转换（以一般现在时为例）主动语态句子结构：主语+谓语动词+宾语Idomyhomework.被动语态句子结构：主语（原宾语）+be+动词过去分词+by+原主语变宾格Myhomeworkisdone（byme）.被动语态被动语态2被动语态的结构注意：be动词在不同时态中的变化一般现在时：am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词一般过去时：was/were+及物动词的过去分词一般将来时：will/shallbe+及物动词的过去分词现在完成时：have/hasbeen+及物动词的过去分词现在进行时：am/is/arebeing+及物动词的过去分词过去完成时：hadbeen+及物动词的过去分词2主动语态与被动语态的转换Idomyhomework.Ididmyhomeworkyesterday.Iwilldomyhomeworktomorrow.Ihavedonemyhomework.Iamdoingmyhomeworknow.Ihaddonemyhomeworkbeforeyoucame.被动语态3含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.→Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.Theyshoulddoitatonce.→Itshouldbedoneatonce.Ihavetowritealetter.→Aletterhastobewritten.被动语态4含有双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态主动语态:主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语+其他被动语态:间接宾语+be+过去分词+直接宾语+其他(比较常用)或:直接宾语+be+过去分词+介词(for/to)+间接宾语+其他Myfathergavemeanewbookonmybirthday.(…gaveabooktome…)→Iwasgivenanewbookonmybirthday(bymyfather).→Anewbookwasgiventomeonmybirthday(bymyfather).Myfatherboughtmeanewcomputeryesterday.(…boughtanewcomputerforme…)→Iwasboughtanewcomputeryesterday(bymyfather).→Anewcomputerwasboughtformeyesterday(bymyfather).被动语态5含有短语动词的主动语态变为被动语态有些相当于及物动词的短语动词,如“动词+介词”,“动词+副词”等,也可用于被动语态,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。如:Shelooksafterhergrandmother.→Hergrandmotherislookedafter(byher).她照顾她的祖母。被动语态6带有复合宾语的主动语态变为被动语态带有复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)的主动语态变为被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动语态的主语,原来的宾语补足语不动。如：Histeacherfoundhimaverygoodpupil.→Hewasfoundaverygoodpupil(byhisteacher).他的老师发现他是一个很好的学生。被动语态Weshouldkeepourclassroomclean.→Ourclassroomshouldbekeptclean.我们应该保持教室干净。2）系动词如look,smell,taste,sound,feel等,不用于被动语态。7变被动语态的其他注意点1）在主动句中,let,make,see,hear等动词后作宾补的动词不定式不带to,但在被动句中,则要保留to。Linda’sparentsmakeherpracticethepianoeverySunday.→LindaismadetopracticethepianoeverySunday.Thesouptastesgood.Themusicsoundsgreat.3）实义动词wash，sell等主动形式表示被动意思。Myclotheswashwell.我的衣服好洗。Herfirstbooksellswell.她的第一本卖得好。被动语态错题解析：3.Lastyear,Shenzhou-8_______intothespace.Itmadeusproud.A.issentB.wassentC.sendsD.sent被动语态5.Lastyearlotsoftrees_______tomakeourcountrymorebeautiful.A．isplantedB．wasplantedC．areplantedD．wereplanted9.—CanyousingthisEnglishsong?—Ofcourse,Ican.It_______manytimesontheradio.A.taughtB.hastaughtC.istaughtD.hasbeentaught11.—Whatacleanandbrightclassroom,isn’tit?—Yes,it’salwayscleanandbrightbecauseit______everyday.A.cleansB.cleanedC.iscleanedD.wascleaned错题解析：13.Thefunnystorymadeallofus_______foralongtime.A.smiledB.laughedC.laughD.tolaugh被动语态15.—MayIwatchthefootballmatchonTV?—Ifyourhomework________,youcanwatchit.A.willdoB.isdoneC.hasdoneD.willbedone17.—Mybikeisbroken?—Whynothaveit_______?A.repairB.repairedC.repairingD.torepair19.Coffeeisready.Howniceit________!Wouldyoulikesome?A.looksB.smellsC.soundsD.feels错题解析：20.Hewasmade______hishomeworkforthreehoursbyhismother.A.doingB.todoC.doD.does被动语态23.Couldyoutellmewhich________bestamongthebooksonsale?A.issoldB.sellsC.arewrittenD.writes25.Youwerenoticed______thewindow_______justnow.A.breaking,openB.tobreak,openC.opening,breakD.tobebroken,open错题解析：1.Doyouknowthatyoungtreesmust_________(water)onceaweek?被动语态2.Someboys______(ask)togofishingwiththeirteacherafterclassyesterdayafternoon,thoughtheydidn’twantto.6.Whynot______(go)shoppingwithmethisafternoon?7.Listen!Someone______________(sing)inyourroom.Whoisit?8.Thestudents____________(plant)morethantwohundredtreessofar.9.Yourmother____________(watch)TVwhenwegottoyourhouse.