初中英语语法之主谓一致详解与练习原创PPT-(by-Sandy于老师)

主谓一致就是句子的谓语动词形式在人称和数上必须和句子的主语保持一致，叫主谓一致。这种关系一般要遵循三个原则：语法上一致的原则；意义上一致的原则；就近一致的原则。主谓一致1.语法一致原则ShelikesEnglish.WeareChinese.HeteachesusMath.即：语法形式上取得一致，主语为单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也为复数形式。主谓一致语法一致原则分以下几种情况：1.谓语动词只能用单数2.谓语动词只能用复数3.单复数都可1.语法一致原则1）不可数名词或可数名词单数作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。主谓一致2）动词不定式或者动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：WatchingTVtoomuchisbadforyoureyes.3）不定代词each，one，another，something，somebody，nothing，nobody，everyone，everything，anyone，anything等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Nothingisimpossible.Nobodyknowstheanswer.如：Waterisveryimportanttous.情形一：谓语动词只能用单数1.语法一致原则4）如果句子的主语是单数，尽管后面有with，togetherwith，aswellas，like，but，except等引起的短语，谓语动词仍然用单数形式。主谓一致情形一：谓语动词只能用单数如：Mymotherwithherstudentsoftenhasapicnicinapark.5）固定短语oneof＋名词的复数形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Oneoftheboysinourclassgoestoschoolbycar.6）固定短语thenumberof＋复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Thenumberofstudentsinourschoolismorethantwothousand.1.语法一致原则1）and或both…and连接并列名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。主谓一致2）both,all,few,several,many等修饰可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：Manygirlsarefondofdancing.许多女孩子都喜欢跳舞。3）表示总称意义的名词，如：people,cattle,police,clothes作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：Thepoliceareaskingthemquestions.警察正在询问他们一些问题。如：Bothheandhisbrotherareteachers.他和他的哥哥都是老师。情形二：谓语动词只能用复数1.语法一致原则4）“the+形容词（或由分词演变而来的形容词）”作主语，表示“一类人”时谓语动词用复数。主谓一致5）固定短语“anumberof+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：AnumberofstudentscomefromSichuan.许多学生来自四川。6）主语是表示两个相同的部分构成的物体的名词，如：clothes,trousers,shoes,boots,glasses(眼镜),socks,gloves,compasses等作主语，谓语动词用复数，但这些名词被this/apairof修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：Hershoesaregreen.她的鞋子是绿色的。Thispairofshoesisveryexpensive.这双鞋子非常昂贵。如：Thericharenotalwayshappy.富人也不总是幸福的。Thewoundedarestillinhospital.所有受伤的都在住院。情形二：谓语动词只能用复数1.语法一致原则一些集合名词，如family，class，group,team等作主语时，表示整体意义时，谓语动词用单数形式；当它们强调指个体成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。主谓一致情形三：谓语动词即可单数也可复数如：Hisfamilyisn’tlarge.他的家庭不大。（指家庭的整体）HisfamilywerewatchingTVwhenIarrived.当我到时，他的一家人正在看电视。(指具体的家庭成员）2.意义一致原则（1）表示时间、距离、重量、长度和价值的名词，尽管是复数形式，作为一个整体来看待，谓语动词通常用单数形式。如：Threeweeksisalreadyenoughforyoutofinishthework.三个星期对你们完成这个工作已经足够了。主谓一致2）不定代词all,most,some等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所指代名词的数。如：Mostoftheappleswerebad.大部分苹果是烂的。Mostoftheapplewaseatenbyamouse.这个苹果的大半被老鼠吃掉了。2.意义一致原则（3）用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体，如：breadandbutter(黄油抹面包)，knifeandfork(刀叉)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Whiskyandsodaisalwayshisfavoritedrink.威士忌酒加苏打水是他最喜欢的饮料。主谓一致（4）不定数量的词组作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数。如partof,alotof,lotsof,oneof,anumberof,plentyof等。如：Alotofwaterisneededinthegarden.花园里需要大量水。AlotoftouristscometoChinaeveryyear.每年有很多游客来中国。3.就近一致原则（1）由连词only…butalso及or连接的并列主语，谓语动词通常与离它最近的主语either…or，neither…nor，not保持一致。如：Neitheryounoryourfatherisabletohelpme.你和你爸爸都不能帮助我。EitheryouorTimgoesswimmingwithourfather.我或者Tim和爸爸一起去游泳。主谓一致（2）therebe句型中，谓语动词be往往和后面的第一个主语取得一致。如：Thereisadictionaryandsomebooksonthedesk.桌上有一本词典和一些书。Therearesomebooksandadictionaryonthebook.主谓一致真题再现6.Andy,you’dbetternoteatmeatonly.Youshouldknowmilkandfruit_______goodforyou.A.isB.areC.wasD.were.2.—Whatareyougoingtodothisweekend?—ItogetherwithmyclassmatesgoingtoclimbMountQin.A.isB.amC.areD.were5.—What_______thenumberofthestudentsinyourschool?—Abouttwothousand.Anumberofthem_______fromthecountryside.A.is;areB.is;isC.are;isD.are;are1.Look,thesetofkeysontheteacher'sdesk.A.areB.wereC.isD.wasCBAB主谓一致真题再现10.Doingeyeexercises________oneoftheusefulwaystoprotectoureyes.A.isB.areC.were8.Thetrafficismovingveryslowlyassomanycars__________ontheirwaybacktoShanghai.A.amB.isC.areD.be9.—__________thereanylivingthingsonotherplanets?—Ihavenoideas.Maybewecanknowmoreaboutthatinthefuture．A．IsB．AreC．HasD．Have7.There__________aphotoofmyfamilyinmypurse.A.isB.beC.areACBA主谓一致巩固练习7.—Howmuch_______thepairofshoes?—Twentydollars_______enough．A.is；isB.is；areC.are；isD.are；are5.LastSundaymyaunt______athomewithme．WewerewatchingTVallday.A.wasB.wereC.isD.are6.—Leo，_________nomilkoreggsinthefridge．—Oh，I’llgoandbuysomerightaway．A.itisB.thereisC.thereareD.they’re4.Thereadingroom______veryquiet.Ienjoyreadingbooksthere.A.amB.isC.areD.beBABA主谓一致巩固练习14.There________afewstudentsinthelibraryafterschooleveryday．A.hasbeenB.havebeenC.isD.are11.________Tom________MaryspeaksgoodChinese，sotheycancommunicatewiththeseChinesestudentsverywell．A.Neither；norB.Notonly；butalsoC.Both；andD.Either；or13.________theteachersintheirschoolisabout200andonefourthofthemare________teachers.A.Anumberof；womenB.Anumberof；womanC.Thenumberof；womenD.Thenumberof；woman8.________lessmilkinthisbottlethaninthatone．A.TherehaveB.TherehasC.ThereisD.ThereareCBCD主谓一致巩固练习17.Physics________easyforustolearn．A.amB.isC.areD.beII.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.TomandI____(be)inthesameclass.2.2Thesingerandwriter________(talk)withforeignguestsnow.3.Fishandchips_____(be)delicious.4.EitheryouorI______(be)mad.5.Neitheryounorhe_____(be)right.16.Bothofthestudents________fromEngland.A.amB.isC.areD.bearetalkingisamisCBare主谓一致巩固练习II.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。6.Notonlytheplanetsbutalsotheearth_____(move)roundthesun.7.There_____(be)acarandthreebusesoutside.8.Mr.Turnertogetherwithhisfriends_____just_____(arrive)inBeijing.9.ToreadEnglishloud_____(be)veryimportant.10.Reading_____(be)isagoodway.movesishasarrivedisis