2022年河南专升本英语真题及答案

('2022年河南专升本英语真题及答案英语PartIReadingComprehension(40points)Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorincompletesentences.Foreachofthemthereare4choicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.(2x20)Passage1ItwasDecember25.Marie,a13-year-oldAustraliangirl,washappy.ItwasChristmasandMarie\'smotherwasmakingaveryspecialcake.Sheputfoursmallcoinsintothecakeandthenbakedit.Thefourcoinswereforgoodluck.Afterdinner,Marieandherfamilyatethecake.Theyfoundthreecoinsinthecakeandputthemonthetable.Wherewasthefourthone?Itwasmissing,butMarie\'smotherdidn\'tnotice.AfterChristmas,Mariegotsick.Shecoughedandcouldn\'tspeak.Marie\'sparentstookhertohospital.Doctorsatthehospitallookedheroverandthensaid,“Wearesorry,butwecan\'thelpher.”For12years,Mariedidn\'tspeak.Butlikeothercommonpeople,shegrewup,gotajobandgotmarried.Oneday,whenMariewas25yearsold,shegotasorethroat.Shebegantocough.Shecoughedupsomethingsmallandblack.Whatwasit?Mariedidn\'tknow.Shetookittoahospital.Adoctoratthehospitalsaid,“Thisisacoin!”ThedoctortoldMarie,“Ithinkyoucanspeakagain.”1.HowoldwasMariewhenshebecameunabletospeak?A.Shewas12.C.Shewas25.B.Shewas13.D.Shewas26.2.Wherehadthemissingcoinbeen?A.Inthecake.C.Onthetable.B.InMarie\'sthroat.D.Atthehospital.3.WhydidMarie\'smotherputcoinsintothecake?A.Wishforhealth.C.Wishforbadluck.B.Wishforabigfortune.D.Wishforgoodluck.4.Accordingtothepassage,whichoneisINCORRECT?1/21A.Marie\'smothermadeaveryspecialcakeatEaster.B.Thefourthcoinwasmissing.C.AfterChristmas,the13-year-oldgirlMariecouldn\'tspeak.D.Mariewasunabletospeakfor12years.5.Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?A.Marielivedanunusuallifeaftershegotsick.B.ThecoinsinthecakebroughtgoodlucktoMarie.C.Mariecouldn\'tspeakbecauseofthecoin.D.Thecoinlooksthesameasitdidbefore.Passage2Emotionissometimesregardedastheoppositeofreason,asissuggestedbyphrasessuchas“appealtoemotionsratherthanreason”and“don\'tletyouremotionstakeover”.Emotionalreactionssometimesproduceconsequencesorthoughtswhichpeoplemaylaterregretordisagreewith,butduringanemotionalstate,theycouldnotcontroltheiractions.Thus,itisgenerallybelievedthatoneofthemostdistinctivefactsabouthumanbeingsisacontradictionbetweenemotionandreason.However,recentempiricalstudiesdonotsuggestthereisacleardistinctionbetweenreasonandemotion.Indeed,angerorfearcanoftenbethoughtofasaninstinctiveresponsetoobservedfacts.Thehumanmindpossessesmanypossiblereactionstotheexternalworld.Thosereactionscanlieonacontinuum,withsomeoftheminvolvingtheextremeofpureintellectuallogic,whichisoftencalled“cold”,andothersinvolvingtheextremeofpureemotionnotrelatedtologicalagreement,whichiscalled“theheatofpassion”.Therelationbetweenlogicandemotionmeritscarefulstudy.Passion,emotion,orfeelingcanreinforceanargument,evenonebasedprimarilyonreason.Thisisespeciallytrueinreligionorideology,whichfrequentlydemandsanall-or-nothingrejectionoracceptance.Insuchareasofthought,humanbeingshavetoadoptacomprehensiveviewpartlybackedbyempiricalargumentandpartlybyfeelingandpassion.Moreover,severalresearchershavesuggestedthattypicallythereisno“pure”decisionorthought;thatis,nothoughtisbased“purely”onintellectuallogicor“purely”onemotion-mostdecisionsarefoundedonamixtureofboth.6.Whatresultmaycomefromemotionalreactions?A.Sometimespeoplemayregretlater.B.Oftenpeoplemaybeindespairlater.C.Alwayspeopleaccepttheconsequencelater.D.Mostlypeoplemayfeelsatisfiedwiththeiremotionalreactions.7.Whydoesthewritermentionthephrase“appealtoemotionsratherthanreason”?A.Tohelpexplainwhypeoplecannotcontroltheiractions.B.Toshowthatemotionismoreimportantthanreason.C.Toindicatethatemotionalreactionwillcreatebadeffects.D.Tohelpexplaintheviewjustmentionedabove.8.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotbelongtoemotion?A.Anger.2/21C.Logic.B.Fear.D.Passion.9.Whatdoesthewritermeanby“cold”?A.Thinkingthingsextremelyrationally.B.Thinkingthingsextremelyemotionally.C.Involvingthepurehappiness.D.Involvingthepurefear.10.Whatistheconclusionofthepassage?A.Emotionistheoppositeofreason.B.Themostdistinctivefactabouthumanbeingsisacontradictionbetweenemotionandreason.C.Mostdecisionsarefoundedonamixtureofemotionandreason.D.Passion,emotion,orfeelingcannotreinforceanargument,evenonebasedprimarilyonreason.Passage3China\'sbirthratehasbeenfallingsince2016-forexample,12millionnewbirthswererecordedin2020,butthenumberisexpectedtodropbelow10millionin2021despiteaseriesofpronatalistpoliciestakenbythegovernment.Andalthoughthetwo-childpolicyintroducedin2016causedanuptickinthenumberofnewborns,itfailedtoreversethefallingbirthratetrend.Canthethree-childpolicyintroducedlastyearsucceedwhereearlierfavorablefamilyplanningpoliciesfailed?Thepicturedoesn\'tlookgood,though.China\'sbirthratein2020declinedto1.3percent,farlowerthanthereplacementrateof2.1,accordingtotheseventhnationalcensusresults.SincethepopulationofwomenofchildbearingageinChinahasreacheditspeak,itwillcontinuetodecline.Fromtheperspectiveofeconomics,havingchildrenisessentiallyaneconomicdecision.Thecostsandbenefitsofhavingachildplayakeyroleinsuchfamilies\'decision.Asforbenefits,childrencarryonthefamilynameandcanhelpstrengthenthebondbetweenamanandawoman.Andhavingchildrengivesanassurancetoparentsthattheywillhavesomeonetotakecareofthemwhentheygetold.Whenitcomestocosts,womenhavetoendurephysicalandmentalstresstogivebirthandbringupchildren.Childbirthispainfuland,inextremecases,couldbefatal.Also,newmothers,ingeneral,finditdifficulttoadjustfamilyandworklife.Plus,havingchildrenalsomeansadditionalexpensesandinsomecaseseuttingcoststoprovidegoodeducationforthechildren,aswellasdedicatinghugeamountsoftimetobringingthemup.Apparently,peopletendtohavemorechildreniftherearemorebenefitsandfewerchildrenifthecostsoutweighthebenefits.Thatmostcouplestodayprefertohavejustonechildmeanstherearemorecoststhanbenefitsofhavingmorechildren.Besides,withtheimprovementofthepensionsysteminChina,elderlypeopletodaydependlessontheiroffspring,andthankstothecontinuousincreaseinthe3/21numberofwell-educatedandfinanciallyindependentwomen,quiteafewyoungwomenconsidermarriagemoreofanoptionthananecessity.Thesefactorshavealsoplayedaroleinthedeclineinthebirthrate.Moreover,becauseoftheshortageofqualityeducationandgoodschools,parentshavetospendlargeamountsofmoneyandtimetoensuretheirchildrengetadmittedtogoodschoolsandcollegessotheycangetqualityeducation,leadingtofrequentargumentsandconflictsinfamilies,andpromptingmanycouplesnottohaveasecond,letaloneathird,child.Thestressandtensionofparentsinfectchildren.Andstressandunhappinesscouldunderminethementalhealthofachild.Toaddresstheseproblems,especiallytoreducetheeducationburdenofstudents,andbydefaulttheirparents,thegovernmentintroducedsomepolicies,includingthe“doublereduction”policy,recently.Highhousingpricesarealsodiscouragingmanyyoungcouplesfromhavingchildren.Citiesandtownswherehousingpricesarerelativelylowusuallyhavehigherfertilityratesaroundtheworld.Moreimportantly,inmostcases,womenstillshouldermostoftheresponsibilitiesofbringingupachild,andexpertsandsurveyssaywomenusuallyfindthemselvesatadisadvantageattheworkplaceaftergivingbirth.InDenmark,anadvancedeconomy,forexample,workingmothersgetlowersalariescomparedwithmeneven20yearsaftergivingbirthdespitehavingthesameeducationlevelandyearsofexperience.Whilealongerpaidmaternityleavemayprotectwomenfrombeingdismissedordemoted,suchwomenarestillignoredwhenitcomestopromotionandincrements.Infact,studiesshowthatalongerpaidmaternityleavehaslittleeffectonboostingthefertilityrateifwomenaremoreconcernedabouttheircareerprospects.Butthereisnoneedtobeover-pessimistic.Childrenstillplayanindispensableroleinafamily,anddespitetheimprovingsocialservices,manygrown-upchildrenstilltakecareoftheiragedparents.Apartfromimprovingeducationqualityandreininginhousingprices,however,thegovernmentshouldalsotakemeasurestomeettherealneedsofworkingmothers,inordertoboostthebirthrate.Forinstance,establishingmoredaychildcarecenterscanfreeworkingmothersoftheresponsibilityoftakingcareofchildrenbyneglectingtheirjobs.InEastAsia,thelowfertilityrateislargelyattributedtowomen\'slowerpositioninthefamily.Manywomenaretiredofrushingbackandforthbetweenworkandhousework,whilemenarerarelyextendingahelpinghand.Sotheyhavedecidednottomarry,andiftheymarry,nottohavechildren.Thusmenhavetoshouldertheirpartofthesocialandfamilialresponsibilitiestopromotegenderequality.Itwillnotonlypromotedomesticharmonybutalsohelpincreasethefertilityrate.11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“uptick"inParagraphonemean?A.Asmallincrease.C.Agreatincrease.4/21B.AsmalldecreaseD.Agreatdecrease.12.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthebenefitofhavingachildinafamily?A.Carryingonthefamilyname.B.Helpingstrengthenthebondbetweenamanandawoman.C.Givinganassurancetoparents.D.Preventingparentsfromgettingold.13.Whydowomenhesitatetogivebirth?A.Becausetheyhavenotimetobringupchildren.B.Becausetheydon\'tlikechildren.C.Becausetheyhavetodedicatemoretimeandmoney,aswellasendurephysicalandmentalstress.D.Becausetheyareafraidthatthereisnogoodeducationforthechildren.14.Whatmaywomenencounterintheworkplaceaftergivingbirth?A.Theywillgetlowersalaries.B.Theywillbedismissed.C.Theywillgetpromotion.D.Theywillgetincrements.15.Ifmenshouldertheirpartofthesocialandfamilialresponsibilities,whichislikelytohappen?A.Helpingdecreasethefertilityrate.B.Causingdomesticdisharmony.C.Promotingthefertilityrate.D.Loweringwomen\'sposition.Passage4WiththecomingoftheInternet,onlinecommunitieshavefiguredoutawaytogenerateprofitfromthesharingofthoseunderusedproperty.Usingwebsitesandsocialmediagroupsthatfacilitatethebuyingandsellingofsecond-handgoods,itisnoweasierthaneverforpeer-to-peersharingactivitiestotakeplace.Andthisisknownasthesharingeconomy.Thesepopularonlineplatformsareprovidingachanceforpeopletomakeaquickfortune.Togiveanexample,busyparentspreviouslymightnothavebotheredwithsettingupastallatthelocalmarkettoselltheirchildren\'soldequipment,butwithonlinemarketplaces,parentsarenowabletosellonthosehardlywornbabyclothesthattheirchildrenhaveoutgrownsoastoputsomecashbackintotheirpockets.Businesseshavealsocaughtontotheprofitabilityofthesharingeconomyandareseekingtogainfrommakinguseofthoseunderutilizedresources.CompanieslikeAirbnbactasamiddlemanforpeopletocashinontheirunusedroomsandhousesandletthemoutas.profitableaccommodation.AnotherexampleisUber,whichencouragespeopletousetheirownpersonalcarsastaxistomakesomeextracashintheirfreetime.5/21Thismovetowardsasharingeconomyisnotwithoutcriticisms.Unlikebusinesses,unregulatedindividualsdonothavetofollowcertainregulationsandthiscanleadtopoorerandinconsistentqualityofgoodsandservicesandahigherriskoffraud.Nevertheless,intheconsumeristsocietyweliveintoday,theincreasedopportunitiestosellonourunwantedandunderusedgoodscanleadtoalesserimpactonourenvironment.16.Whycanpeoplenowsellthingsmoreeasily?A.Becausepeoplenowadaysbuymorethings.B.Becausebusinesseswanttobuythethingstheydon\'tuse.C.Becausetherearenowmoremarketstalls.D.Becausetherearenowonlineplatformstodobusiness.17.Whichofthefollowingissomethingthatwemightunderutilize?A.Athickcoatinacoldcountry.B.Clothesourbabiesdon\'torcan\'twearanymore.C.Thelatestsmartphone.D.Thenewcupboardinourhouse.18.Whydopeoplegetinvolvedinthesharingeconomy?A.Becausetheywanttosetupastall.B.Becausetheywanttorecycletheunderusedthings.C.Becausetheywanttomakeafortune.D.Becausetheywanttoprotecttheenvironment.19.ItmightcauseproblemswhenunregulatedindividualssellthingstoothersbecauseA.whattheysellmightbeofalowerqualityB.theyhavetofollowcertainregulationsC.theydon\'thaveabusinesslicenseD.theyliketocriticizetheirbuyers20.Whatmightbeasuitabletitleforthisarticle?A.TheConsumeristSocietyB.ParentsWhoNeedMoneyC.TheRiseoftheSharingEconomyD.WhyWeBuyThingsWeDon\'tNeedPartIICloze(20points)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.Foreachofthemthereare4choicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushouldchoosetheonethatbestfitsintothepassageandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.(1x20)Intheearly1990s,anAustralianfriendandItravelledtoLijiangforasummervacation.Wehiredalocal21Wangwhowasagentlemanwith22manners.Itwassohotthatwetookdelightindrinkingcool23.WepolitelyofferedWangbuthe24.Wesaidnothinganddrankourbeer,whilepoorWangwatched.OnedayWangmusthavebeendesperatebecausehe25thefirstoffer.Only_26IsawthatWanginfactlikedbeerverymuch,diditthenoccurtometoaskhim_27maybeinChinaitwasnotpolitetoacceptthe28offer.6/21Severalmonthsago,afriendofmineinvitedayoungChineseladyhomefordinner.Theyoungladyhadjust_29_inAmericaforawork-studyyear.30herhostsknewthatChinesehavea31senseofpolitenessinsocialsituations,theyexpectedtohaveto32theyoungladyrepeatedlytohelpherself33thedinnerdishes.Theyhadbeentoldthat,inChina,34_ofprofferedfoodisconsideredpoliteandfurtherrefusalisevenmorepolite.Someinterculturaltrainersadvisedwesternhoststo_35threetimessothatChineseguestscanpolitelyrefusetwiceandthatbepersuadedtoacceptthe_36_time.37,theyounglady\'sfirstwordsasshecamethroughthedoorwere,“Oh,I\'mstarving.Ihopeyoudon\'tmind_38_Ieatalot!”ContrarytotheAmericanhosts\'39_,shedidn\'thesitateatall40herselftothefoodanddidn\'tneedtobeurged.21.A.offer22.A.poor23.A.water24.A.accepted25.A.accepted26.A.that27.A.it28.A.first29.A.came30.A.But31.A.strong32.A.enforce33.A.at34.A.require35.A.give36.A.first37.A.Inaword38.A.that39.A.imagination40.A.helpB.policemanB.adequateB.beerB.refusedB.refusedB.ifB.whetherB.secondB.reachedB.Since7/21B.noB.argueB.onB.reuseB.offerB.secondB.HoweverB.whetherB.expectationB.helpingC.guideC.goodC.sodasC.opposedC.toacceptC.whenC.whateverC.thirdC.gotC.IfC.weakC.helpC.toC.recordC.helpC.thirdC.InadditionC.ifC.impressionC.tohelpD.workerD.noD.juiceD.agreedD.torefuseD.sinceD.toD.lastD.arrivedD.Hence8/21D.manyD.urgeD.withD.refusalD.tellD.onlyD.ThereforeD.soD.illusionD.helpedPartIITrueorFalse(10points)Directions:ReadthepassageandthendecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsareTrueorFalse.YoushouldmarkAorBontheAnswerSheet,AforTrueandBforFalse.(2x5)Haveyoueverfeltyourmindgettingconfusedafterasleeplessnightandyoucouldn\'tcomeupwithanoriginalthoughtnomatterhowhardyoutried?Youwereprobablyrightifyouthoughtthatwascausedbyalackofsleep.Dr.Home,asleepresearcherinEngland,studied24collegestudents.Onegroupgottheirnormaleighthoursofsleep.Theothergroupdidn\'tgetanysleepatall-theystayedawakeallnight.Thenextday,Dr.Hometestedthestudents.Heaskedthemquestionsthatrequiredcreativeandoriginalthinking.Oneofthequestionswas“Howmanyusescanaboxbeputto?”Theresults?Thewide-awakestudentsdidwellonthetests.Thetiredstudentsdidpoorly.Researchhasalreadyshownthattiredpeoplecandookayontestsofroutinethinking,likesimpleaddition.ButDr.Hometestedcreativethinkingonly.Aspartofhisstudy,heofferedanamountofmoneyasarewardtothetiredstudentsiftheydidwell.Buteventhisencouragementwasn\'tenoughtohelpthestudentsovercometheirtiredness.Theystilldidpoorly.Dr.Homebelievesthatthepartofthebrainwherethinkingtakesplacemaygetwornoutduringwakinghours.Sleepmayhelptorepairthebrainovernight.Withoutanysleep,heemphasizes,“evenifyouthinkharder,youcannotdobetter.”Thisstudygivespeoplesomethingtothinkabout,especiallypeoplelikehospitalworkersandairplanepilots,whomuststayawakeallnightandthenmakeemergencydecisions.()41.Accordingtothepassage,theconfusionofyourmindispossiblyduetothelackofsleep.()42.TiredpeoplecandoeverythingEXCEPTtellingotherpeopletheirnames.()43.ThepurposeofDr.Hometoofferalotofmoneytothesleepystudentsistoencouragethemtodobetter.()44.Sleepmighthelppeoplerepairthebrainwhichmaygetwornoutduringwakinghours.9/21()45.Studentsmightbebetterinstructedintheirhomeworkafterreadingthispassage.PartIVTranslation(40points)SectionADirections:Thereare5sentencesinthispart.Foreachofthemthereare4choicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.(2x5)46.Heacceptedthetermswithouttheleasthesitation.A.他毫不犹豫地接受了这些条款。B.他毫不犹豫地拒绝了这些条款。C.他犹豫了一下，然后拒绝了这些条款。D.他犹豫了一下，然后接受了这些条款。47.Thefilmwesawlastnightwasnothingbutinteresting.A.昨天晚上看的电影很有趣。B.对昨天晚上看的电影很感兴趣。C.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影的确有趣。D.我们昨天晚上看了一部不太有趣的电影。48.Thereisnosuchthingasastupidquestionwhenyou\'restartingajob.A.在你开始一份工作时，提什么问题都会让人觉得愚蠢。B.在你开始一份工作时，没有什么问题是愚蠢的。C.在你开始一份工作时，没有什么事情像一个愚蠢的问题。D.在你开始一份工作时，没有如此愚蠢的一个问题。49.Everytimehereceivestourists,heintroducesthelocalcultureandtellsthemtoprotecttheforest.A.每当他接待游客，他都会引进当地的文化，而且还会告诉他们要保护森林。B.无论何时他接待游客，他都会介绍当地的文化，而且还会告诉他们要保护森林。C.无论何时接待游客，他都会引进文化，而且还会告诉他们要保护森林。D.每当他接待游客，他都会介绍当地的文化，而且还会告诉他们要保护森林。50.Flamesarecarriedonfootbyrunners,butothermodeshavealsobeenused.A.火炬手徒步传递圣火，但也将使用其他交通工具。B.跑步者通过徒步的方式完成圣火传递，但也将使用其他的交通工具。C.火炬手通过徒步的方式传递圣火，但也用了其他的交通工具。D.跑步者徒步传递圣火，但也用了其他的交通工具。SectionBDirections:Choosetheappropriatetranslationtofillineachblanktomakethefollowingparagraphmeaningful10/21andwritethecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.(3x5)汉服是中国传统服饰之一。“汉服”一词是近年来被网友们发明出来的。今天，“穿汉服复兴文化”已变得越来越流行，特别是在年轻的一代中。许多支持者认为汉服的复兴给他们带来了一种民族认同感。汉服甚至成为中国汉服爱好者的日常服饰。他们为中国人民拥有如此美丽的传统服装感到骄傲。穿汉服就好比是穿了一个文化符号。HanfuisoneofthetraditionaltypesofChineseclothing.Theterm“Hanfu”51inrecentyearsbynetizens.Nowadays,“wearingHanfucostumesandrevivingtheculture”hasbecome52_popular,especiallyamong53.ManysupportersbelievethattherenaissanceofHanfubringsthem54.HanfuevenbecomesthedailycostumeoftheHanfuenthusiastsinChina.TheyareproudthatChinesepeoplehavesuchbeautiful55.WearingHanfucanbecomparedwithwearingaculturalicon.A.theyoungpersonD.theyoungergenerationG.feelingofrecognitionB.especiallyE.wascoinedH.increasinglyC.wasdiscoveredF.traditionalclothingI.traditionaldressJ.asenseofnationalidentitySectionCDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglishandwriteyouranswersontheAnswerSheet.(3x5)56．请在明天早上8点开车去接李教授。57．他的考试成绩非常令人失望。58．你更喜欢哪一种，中餐还是西餐？59．在这个会议上，政府提倡男女就业机会平等。60．有几个孩子正在游泳池里游泳。PartVErrorCorrection(20points)Directions:Thereare10sentencesinthispart.Eachsentencehas4underlinedpartsmarkedA,B,CandD.Youarerequiredtoidentifytheincorrectpart,andthenwritethecorrespondingletterandthecorrectanswerontheAnswerSheet.(2x10)61.Don\'tbeafraidoftalkingwithsomeonewhoisdifferentwithyou.ABCD11/2162.ThisisthemostinterestingbookwhichIhaveeverread.ABCD63.IfIamyou,Iwouldn\'tbewastingmuchtimechattingontheInternet.ABCD64.Whatisthenameofthetowninthatyoulive?ABCD65.IlookforwardtoseeyouatyourofficeonJuly18th.66.NowTomlivesinasmallapartmentandhisdog,gettingbyonSocialSecurity.ABCD67.Chinahasthousandsofislands,thelargestofthemisTaiwan.ABCD68.Therearemanyreportsofpeoplefeellonelywhentheyquitsocialmedia.ABCD69.TheliondanceperformonTuesdayistocelebratethelastdayofChineseNewYear.BCD70.MyfirstimpressionsofJohnwasthathewassmartandnotbad-looking.PartVIWriting(20points)Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtowriteacompositionbasedonthematerialbelow.Youshouldwriteatleast120words.请阅读提炼观点，实际举例论证，题目自拟。Successistheabilitytogofromfailuretofailurewithoutlosingenthusiasm.J.K.Rowling,theauthorofthefamousHarryPotternovels,wroteherbooksduringherworkbreaks.Tappingintohervividimagination,shecreatedaworldthatsoldmorethan500millionbooksandbecamehitmovies.Sheisregardedasoneofthemostsuccessfulfictionauthorsinhistory,withanestimatednetworthof$650million.However,hersuccessdidn\'tcomeeasy.Shewasrejectedbypublishersfordozensoftimesbeforeonetookachanceonher.答案及精析PartIReadingComprehensionPassage11．［考点］推理判断题【精析】B题干大意是：Marie是在几岁时变得不能说话了？根据第一段第二句“Marie，a13-year-oldAustraliangirl，washappy.”和第二段第一、二句“AfterChristmas，Mariegotsick.Shecoughedandcouldn＇tspeak．”可知，13岁的澳大利亚女孩儿Marie在圣诞节后生病了，她咳嗽并且说不出话。由此可推知，Marie是在13岁时变得不能说话了。故选B。2．［考点］推理判断题【精析】B题干大意是：那枚丢失的硬币一直以来在哪里？根据第二段倒数第六句“Shecoughedupsomethingsmallandblack.”和第二段倒数第二句“Adoctoratthe12/21hospitalsaid，＇Thisisacoin！＇”可知，她咳出一个黑色的小东西，医院的一位医生说：“这是一枚硬币。”由此可推知，硬币一直在Marie的喉咙里。故选B。3．［考点］事实细节题【精析】D题干大意是：为什么Marie的妈妈把硬币放进蛋糕里？根据第一段第四、五句“Sheputfoursmallcoinsintothecakeandthenbakedit.Thefourcoinswereforgoodluck.”可知，Marie的妈妈在蛋糕里放硬币是为了祈求好运。故选D。4．［考点］事实细节题【精析】A题干大意是：根据文章，哪一项是不正确的？根据第一段第三句“ItwasChristmasandMarie＇smotherwasmakingaveryspecialcake.”可知，Marie的妈妈是在圣诞节而不是复活节做了一个特别的蛋糕，所以A项不正确；根据第一段最后两句“Wherewasthefourthone？Itwasmissing，butMarie＇smotherdidn＇tnotice.”可知，第四枚硬币找不到了，所以B项正确；根据第二段第一、二句“AfterChristmas，Mariegotsick.Shecoughedandcouldn＇tspeak.”可知，圣诞节之后，Marie生病了，她咳嗽并且不能说话了，所以C项正确；根据第二段第五句“For12years，Mariedidn＇tspeak．”可知，Marie有12年不说话，所以D项正确。故选A。5．［考点］推理判断题【精析】C题干大意是：你从文章中可以推断出什么？通读全文可知，13岁的Marie在圣诞节吃了包含硬币的蛋糕（其中一个硬币找不到了），之后便生病不能说话了，直到25岁时因为咽喉痛而将硬币咳出来，医生才告诉她又能说话了。由此可推知，这个女孩儿在13岁时因为误食了蛋糕中的硬币而不能说话。故选C。6．［考点］事实细节题Passage2【精析】A题干大意是：情绪反应可能会带来什么样的后果？根据第一段第二句“Emotionalreactionssometimesproduceconsequencesorthoughtswhichpeoplemaylaterregretordisagreewith,butduringanemotionalstate，theycouldnotcontroltheiractions.”可知，情绪反应有时会产生人们之后可能会后悔或不赞成的后果或想法，但在情绪状态下，他们无法控制自己的行为，即情绪反应有时可能会带来人们之后可能会后悔的后果。故选A。7．［考点］推理判断题【精析】D题干大意是：作者为什么提到“appealtoemotionsratherthanreason”这句习语？根据第一段第一句“Emotionissometimesregardedastheoppositeofreason，asissuggestedbyphrasessuchas＇appealtoemotionsratherthanreason＇and＇don＇tletyouremotionstakeover＇.”可知，情绪有时被认为是理性的对立面，正如“诉诸情感而非理性”和“不要让你的情绪占上风”等习语所暗示的那样。由此可推知，作者提到这句习语是为了进一步解释“情绪有时被认为是理性的对立面”这一观点。故选D。8．［考点］推理判断题【精析】C题干大意是：下列哪一项不属于情绪？根据第一段第一句“Emotionissometimesregardedastheoppositeofreason...”可知，情绪有时被认为是理性的对立面，而逻辑（logic）常被看作是理性的，根据常识可推知，C项不属于情绪。根据第二段第二句“Indeed，angerorfearcanoftenbethoughtofas13/21aninstinctiveresponsetoobservedfacts.”和第二段第四句“...andothersinvolvingtheextremeofpureemotionnotrelatedtologicalagreement，whichiscalled＇theheatofpassion＇.”可知，anger（愤怒），fear（害怕），passion（强烈情感）均属于情绪。故选C。9．［考点］词语理解题【精析】A题干大意是：作者提到的“cold”是什么意思？根据第二段第四句“Thosereactionscanlieonacontinuum,withsomeoftheminvolvingtheextremeofpureintellectuallogic,whichisoftencalled\'cold\',andothersinvolvingtheextremeofpureemotionnotrelatedtologicalagreement,whichiscalled＇theheatofpassion＇.”可知，这些反应可以是连续的，其中一些涉及极端的纯理性逻辑，这通常被称为“冷静”，另一些涉及极端的纯情绪，与逻辑一致无关，被称为“强烈的情感”。由此可推知，cold意为“冷静”，A项（极度理性地思考事情）与其意思最为接近。故选A。10．［考点］主旨大意题【精析】C题干大意是：这篇文章的结论是什么？通读全文可知，文章最后一句“Moreover，severalresearchershavesuggestedthattypicallythereisno\'pure\'decisionorthought;thatis,nothoughtisbased\'purely\'onintellectuallogicor\'purely\'onemotion-mostdecisionsarefoundedonamixtureofboth.”阐述了关于情绪和理性的结论：通常不存在“纯粹的”决定或想法；也就是说，没有任何思想是“纯粹”基于理性逻辑或“纯粹”基于情绪的-大多数决策都是基于两者的混合。故选C。Passage311．［考点］词语理解题【精析】A题干大意是：第一段中画线单词“uptick”是什么意思？根据第一段最后一句“Andalthoughthetwo-childpolicyintroducedin2016causedanuptickinthenumberofnewborns,itfailedtoreversethefallingbirthratetrend．”可知，尽管2016年推出的二孩政策导致新生儿数量小幅增加，但未能扭转出生率下降的趋势。由此可推知，uptick应与falling（下降）表达的意思相反，且结合句中的failedtoreverse（未能扭转）可知，uptick意为“小幅增加”，A项（小幅增加）与其意思相同。故选A。12．［考点］事实细节题【精析】D题干大意是：下列哪一项不是家庭中有孩子的好处？根据第五段内容可知，孩子可以延续家族的姓氏，并有助于加强男女之间的关系，有了孩子，父母就有了一个保证，当他们老了，会有人来照顾他们。因此，A、B、C三项均为家庭中有孩子的好处，D项（防止父母变老）在文中并未提及。故选D。13．［考点］事实细节题【精析】C题干大意是：为什么女性会犹豫要不要生孩子？根据第六段第一句“Whenitcomestocosts，womenhavetoendurephysicalandmentalstresstogivebirthandbringupchildren.”和第六段最后一句“Plus，havingchildrenalsomeansadditionalexpenses...aswellasdedicatinghugeamountsoftimetobringingthemup.”可知，说到成本，女性必须承受生育和抚养孩子的身体和精神压力，生孩子也意味着额外的开支以及削减成本来为孩子提供良好14/21的教育，同时也要投入大量的时间来抚养他们。因此，女性在生育问题上犹豫是因为她们必须投人更多的时间和金钱，以及承受身体和精神压力。故选C。14．［考点］事实细节题【精析】A题干大意是：女性生完孩子后在工作场所会遇到什么？根据倒数第四段第一句“．．．workingmothersgetlowersalariescomparedwithmeneven20yearsaftergivingbirth．．．”可知，在丹麦，即使在生完孩子20年后，在职母亲的薪水也低于男性，所以A项正确。根据倒数第四段第二句“Whilealongerpaidmaternityleavemayprotectwomenfrombeingdismissedordemoted,suchwomenarestillignoredwhenitcomestopromotionandincrements.”可知，虽然较长的带薪产假可以保护女性不被解雇或降职，但在晋升和加薪方面，这些女性仍然被忽视，所以B、C、D三项错误。故选A。15．［考点］事实细节题【精析】C题干大意是：如果男性承担起他们那部分的社会和家庭责任，可能会发生什么？根据最后一段最后两句“Thusmenhavetoshouldertheirpartofthesocialandfamilialresponsibilitiestopromotegenderequality.Itwillnotonlypromotedomesticharmonybutalsohelpincreasethefertilityrate.”可知，男人必须承担他们那部分的社会和家庭责任，以促进性别平等，这不仅能促进家庭和睦，还有助于提高生育率。故选C。Passage416．［考点］事实细节题【精析】D题干大意是：为什么人们现在卖东西更容易了？根据第一段第二句“Usingwebsitesandsocialmediagroupsthatfacilitatethebuyingandsellingofsecond-handgoods，itisnoweasier...”可知，利用网站和社交媒体，人们买卖东西更加便利了，即现在有做买卖的在线平台让人们卖东西更容易了。故选D。17．［考点］事实细节题【精析】B题干大意是：下列选项中，哪个是我们有可能未充分利用的？根据第二段最后一句“...parentsarenowabletosellonthosehardlywornbabyclothesthattheirchildrenhaveoutgrown...”和第·三段第一句“...makinguseofthoseunderutilizedresources.”可知，现在父母可以转卖掉那些孩子们穿不下的或几乎不穿的婴儿衣服，而企业正在试图利用那些未充分利用的资源来获益，即婴儿不再穿、或不能再穿的衣服未被充分利用。A项（寒冷国家的一件厚大衣）、C项（最新款智能手机）和D项（家里的新橱柜）都是可被充分利用的东西，这三项均不符合题意。故选B。18．［考点］事实细节题【精析】C题干大意是：为什么人们参与共享经济？根据第二段第一句“Thesepopularonlineplatformsareprovidingachanceforpeopletomakeaquickfortune.”和第三段第一句“Businesseshavealsocaughtontotheprofitabilityofthesharingeconomyandareseekingtogainfrommakinguseofthoseunderutilizedresources.”可知，这些流行的在线平台正在为人们提供快速发财的机会，企业也已经抓住了共享经济的盈利能力，并正在试图利用那些未被充分利用的资源来获益。由此可知，人们参与共享经济是想发财。故选C。19．［考点］事实细节题【精析】A题干大意是：当不受监管的个人卖东西给别人时，可能会引起问题，因为。根据最后一段第二句“...unregulatedindividualsdonothavetofollow15/21certainregulationsandthiscanleadtopoorerandinconsistentqualityofgoodsandservicesandahigherriskoffraud.”可知，不受监管的个人不必遵守某些规定，这可能会导致产品和服务的质量较差且不一致，还会增加欺诈风险。由此可知，不受监管的个人卖东西给他人时，可能会引起问题，因为他们销售的东西可能质量较差。故选A。20．［考点］主旨大意题【精析】C题干大意是：这篇文章合适的标题可能是什么？通读全文可知，第一段介绍了共享经济；第二、三段分别阐述了个人和公司如何参与共享经济；最后一段指出了共享经济可能存在的问题及其总体上对于环境的影响。由此可推知，C项（共享经济的兴起）最适合作本文的标题。A项（消费主义社会）、B项（需要钱的父母）和D项（我们为什么买不需要的东西）均不能概括文章内容。故选C。PartIICloze21．［考点］词义辨析题【精析】Coffer：建议，出价；policeman：警察；guide：向导，导游；worker：工人，员工。根据句意“我们雇了一个当地的向导”可知，选C。22．［考点］逻辑推理题【精析】C根据上下文可推知，这位向导是一个有礼貌的绅士。poor：差的，贫穷的；adequate：足够的；good：好的，优质的，goodmanners意为“有礼貌”；no：没有，无。故选C。23．［考点］词义辨析题【精析】B根据下文中的drankourbeer可知，此处为beer（啤酒）的原词复现，表达的是“天气如此热，以至我们以喝凉啤酒为乐”。water；水；soda；苏打汽水；juice；果汁。故选B。24．［考点］逻辑推理题【精析】B下文提到“我们什么也没说，喝着啤酒，可怜的Wang看着”。由此可推知，Wang并没有喝啤酒，他拒绝了作者的邀请。accept：接受（建议、邀请等）；refuse：拒绝，回绝；oppose：反对（计划、政策等），抵制；agree；同意，赞成。故选B。25．［考点］语法结构题和逻辑推理题【精析】A分析句子结构可知，空处为because引导的从句的谓语，所以首先排除C、D两项。根据下文可推知，Wang这一次接受了喝啤酒的邀请。accept：接受（建议、邀请等）；refuse：拒绝，回绝。故选A。26．［考点］语法结构题【精析】C句意：当我看到Wang事实上很喜欢啤酒的时候，我才想起来问他，在中国接受别人的第一次邀请是否并不礼貌。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，空处应用when（当······的时候），引导一个时间状语从句。that不能单独引导状语从句；if：如果，引导条件状语从句；since：自······以来，由于，引导时间和原因状语从句。故选C。27．［考点］语法结构题【精析】B句意参考上题解析。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，空处引导一个宾语从句，从句成分完整，但意义不完整，缺少“是否”的含义，所以应用16/21whether引导。it不能引导从句；whatever：任何事物，在名词性从句中作主语、宾语等成分；to不能引导从句。故选B。28．［考点］词义辨析题【精析】A句意参考第26题解析。first：第一；second：第二；third：第三；last：最后的，上一个的。根据句意可知，选A。29．［考点］词语搭配题【精析】D句意：这位年轻的女士刚到美国勤工俭学一年。arrivein为固定搭配，意为“到达，抵达”，符合句意。come，get常与介词to搭配，表示“到达（某一地点）”；reach意为“到达，抵达”时为及物动词，其后可直接跟宾语。故选D。30．［考点］语法结构题【精析】B句意：由于主人知道中国人在社交场合有很强的礼貌感，所以他们预计不得不反复劝这位年轻女士随意享用晚餐的菜品。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，空处应用Since（由于），引导一个原因状语从句。but：但是，然而，为并列连词，不能引导从句；if：如果，引导条件状语从句；hence：因此，由此，为副词，不能引导从句。故选B。31．［考点］词义辨析题【精析】A句意参考上题解析。strong：强的，强大的；no：没有，无；weak：虚弱的；many：许多。根据句意可知，选A。32．［考点］词义辨析题【精析】D句意参考第30题解析。enforce：强迫，迫使；argue：争论，争辩；help：帮助；urge：敦促，力劝。根据句意可知，选D。另外，根据第二段最后一句中的urged可知，此处为其原词复现。33．［考点］词语搭配题【精析】C句意参考第30题解析。helponeselftosth．为固定搭配，意为“为自己取用某物”，符合句意。故选C。34．［考点］词义辨析题【精析】D句意：他们被告知在中国，拒绝别人提供的食物被认为是礼貌的，进一步拒绝则是更加礼貌的。require：（v.）需要，要求；reuse：（v.＆n.）再使用；record：（v.＆n.）记录，记载；refusal：（n.）拒绝，回绝。分析句子结构并结合空后的of可知，空处应用名词；再根据句意可知，选D。35．［考点］词义辨析题【精析】B句意：一些跨文化培训师建议西方的聚会主人主动提出三次（邀请），以便让中国客人能够礼貌拒绝前两次，再被劝说接受第三次。give：给，交给；offer：提供（东西或机会），主动提出；help：帮助；tell：告诉。根据句意可知，选B。36．［考点］词义辨析题【精析】C句意参考上题解析。first；第一；second：第二；third；第三；only：唯一的。根据句意可知，选C。37．［考点］逻辑推理题【精析】B上文提到，拒绝别人提供的食物是礼貌的，中国客人一般会拒绝前两次邀请；下文提到，这位年轻女士进门直接表示希望对方不要介意自己吃得多。由此可推知，上下文之间为转折关系。inaword：简言之，常用于总结17/21上文；however；然而，表示转折；inaddition：此外，表示补充说明；therefore：因此，表示因果。故选B。38.［考点］语法结构题【精析】C句意：然而，这位年轻女士进门后说的第一句话是：“噢，我要饿死了。如果我吃得很多，希望你们不要介意！”分析句子结构并结合句意可知，空处应用if（如果），引导一个条件状语从句。that不能单独引导状语从句；whether常与ornot搭配，引导让步状语从句，意为“不管是否····”；so：因此，所以，为表示因果关系的并列连词，不能引导从句。故选C。39．［考点］词义辨析题【精析】B句意：与美国主人的预期相反，她毫不犹豫地自取食物，完全不需劝说。imagination：想象力；expectation：预期，希望；impression：印象，感想；illusion；幻想，错觉。根据句意可知，选B。40．［考点］语法结构题【精析】Chesitatetodo...为固定用法，意为“犹豫做··..··”。故选C。PartIIITrueorFalse41．【精析】A根据第一段内容和第二段第一句“Youwereprobablyrightifyouthoughtthatwascausedbyalackofsleep.”可知，人们都曾感到自己的头脑在一夜无眠后会变得混乱，无论如何努力都无法想出一个原创的想法。如果你认为这是由睡眠不足引起的，那你可能是对的，即头脑的混乱可能是由睡眠不足引起的，所以本题正确。42．【精析】B根据第三段“Theresults？Thewide-awakestudentsdidwellonthetests．Thetiredstudentsdidpoorly...creativethinkingonly.”可知，测验的结果是，清醒的学生表现很好，疲惫的学生表现很差。虽然研究已经表明，疲劳的人在常规思维测试中表现不错，比如简单的加法。但Home博士只测试创造性思维。由此可知，疲惫的人在常规思维方面表现不错，比如会简单的加法，但在创造性思维方面表现很差。本题的意思是“疲惫的人可以做任何事，除了告诉别人他们的名字”，与文章内容不符，所以本题错误。43．【精析】A根据第四段第一句“Aspartofhisstudy，heofferedanamountofmoneyasarewardtothetiredstudentsiftheydidwell.”可知，作为研究的一部分，他提供了一笔钱作为对疲惫学生的奖励，如果他们做得好的话，即Home博士向疲惫学生提供许多金钱的目的是鼓励他们做得更好，所以本题正确。44．【精析】A根据第四段倒数第二、三句“Dr．Homebelievesthatthepartofthebrainwherethinkingtakesplacemaygetwornoutduringwakinghours.Sleepmayhelptorepairthebrainovernight.”可知，Home博士认为，大脑中负责思考的部分可能会在醒着的时候变得疲惫，睡眠可以帮助大脑在一夜之间修复，所以本题正确。45．【精析】B根据最后一段“Thisstudygivespeoplesomethingtothinkabout，especiallypeoplelikehospitalworkersandairplanepilots，whomuststayawakeallnightandthenmakeemergencydecisions.”可知，这项研究带给人们一些思考，尤其是像医院工作人员和飞行员这样的人们，他们必须彻夜未眠，然后做出紧急决定。本题的意思是“读完这篇文章后，学生们的作业可能会得到更好的指导”，在文中并未提及，所以本题错误。PartIVTranslationSectionA46．【精析】A分析句子结构可知，本句中withouttheleasthesitation作状语，可译为“毫不犹豫地”；acceptedtheterms可译为“接受了这些条款”。故选A。18/2147．【精析】C分析句子结构可知，本句含有一个省略关系代词that或which的定语从句。Thefilmwesawlastnight可译为“我们昨天晚上看的那部电影”；nothingbut可译为“只有，的确”。故选C。48．【精析】B分析句子结构可知，本句含有一个when引导的时间状语从句。Thereisnosuchthingas可译为“没有······（那样的事情）”；stupidquestion可译为“愚蠢的问题”。故选B。49．【精析】D分析句子结构可知，本句含有一个Everytime引导的时间状语从句。Everytime可译为“每当”；introduces可译为“介绍”；localculture可译为“当地的文化”。故选D。50．【精析】D分析句子结构可知，本句是一个but连接的并列句，前后两个分句之间是转折关系。onfoot可译为“徒步”；runners可译为“跑步者”；othermodeshavealsobeenused可译为“也用了其他的交通工具”。故选D。SectionB51．【精析】E根据中文段落中第一处画线部分“发明”可知，此处应用wascoined。故选E。52．【精析】H根据中文段落中第二处画线部分“越来越”可知，此处应用increasingly。故选H。53．【精析】D根据中文段落中第三处画线部分“年轻的一代”可知，此处应用theyoungergeneration。故选D。54．【精析】J根据中文段落中第四处画线部分“一种民族认同感”可知，此处应用asenseofnationalidentity。故选J。55．【精析】F根据中文段落中第五处画线部分“传统服装”可知，此处应用traditionalclothing。故选F。SectionC56.PleasepickupProfessorLiateighto\'clocktomorrowmorning.57.Hisexamresultswereverydisappointing.58.Whichonedoyouprefer,ChinesefoodorWesternfood?59.Attheconference,thegovernmentadvocatedequalemploymentopportunitiesformenandwomen.60.Thereareseveralchildrenswimmingintheswimmingpool.PartVErrorCorrection61．【翻译】不要害怕和与你不同的人交谈。【精析】D应改为from。bedifferentfrom为固定搭配，意为“与······不同”，所以应把with改为from。62．【翻译】这是我读过的最有意思的书。【精析】B应改为that或把which去掉。分析句子结构可知，指物的先行词book后面是一个定语从句，且先行词被形容词最高级themostinteresting修饰，关系代词应用that，而不用which，that在定语从句中作haveeverread的宾语，也可以省略，所以应把which改为that或把which去掉。63．【翻译】如果我是你，我就不会浪费很多时间在网上聊天。【精析】A应改为were。分析句子结构可知，本句包含一个If引导的非真实条件句。根据句意和主句中的wouldn＇tbewasting可知，本句是对现在情况的假设，因此从句的谓语动词应用过去式（be动词用were），所以应把am改为were。64．【翻译】你住的那个城镇叫什么名字？19/21【精析】D应改为which。分析句子结构可知，town后面是一个定语从句，修饰指物的先行词thetown，且关系代词在从句中作介词in的宾语。当关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，且介词在关系代词之前时，关系代词应用which，且which不可省略，所以应把that改为which。65．【翻译】我盼望着7月18日在你的办公室见到你。【精析】B应改为seeing。lookforwardtodoingsth.为固定用法，意为“盼望着做某事”，其中动名词（短语）作宾语，所以应把see改为seeing。66．【翻译】现在汤姆和他的狗一起住在一个小公寓里，靠社会保障金勉强过活。【精析】B应改为with。with：（prep.）和······在一起，和，同；and：（conj.）和，与，同。根据句意可知，“和他的狗一起”在句中作伴随状语，应用介词with，所以应把and改为with。67．【翻译】中国有成千上万个岛屿，其中最大的是台湾岛。【精析】D应改为which。分析句子结构可知，逗号前后是两个独立的句子，不符合英语语法规则。根据句意和画线单词可知，可将逗号后的部分改成一个非限制性定语从句，修饰指物的先行词thousandsofislands，此时应用thelargestofwhich引导从句，其中关系代词which指代先行词thousandsofislands，所以应把them改为which。68．【翻译】有很多报道称，人们在退出社交媒体后感到孤独且隔绝。【精析】C应改为feeling。分析句子结构可知，people和when之间为非谓语动词短语，作people的后置定语。根据句意可知，people和feel（感到）之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且句中没有明显的表示时间先后顺序的词，应用现在分词的一般式，表示主动，所以应把feel改为feeling。69．【翻译】周二上演的舞狮是为了庆祝中国新年的最后一天。【精析】B应改为performed。分析句子结构可知，Theliondance和is之间为非谓语动词短语，作Theliondance的后置定语。根据句意可知，Theliondance.和perform（表演）之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词，表示被动，所以应把perform改为performed。70．【翻译】我对约翰的第一印象是他挺聪明，而且长得不错。【精析】A应改为impression。根据句意和句中第一个was可知，was之前的主语应是单数形式，所以应把impressions改为impression。PartVIWriting［范文］FailureIstheMotherofSuccessAstheproverbsays,failureisthemotherofsuccess.Usually,peoplemakemanymistakesandfailmanytimesbeforeachievingsuccess.Whenfacedwithfailures,somepeoplemightsubmittothem,andgiveuptheirefforts.However,otherpeoplelearnfromfailures,andtheytryoverandoveragainuntiltheysucceed.IrememberedIusedtofailinmyEnglishvocabularytestswhenIwasinhighschool.Ihaddifficultyinmemorizingwords.IalmostdecidedtogiveupEnglish,butwasencouragedbyoneofmyclassmateswhohadkeptpushingmetomemorizewords.Attheendofthesemester,IfoundIhadfinishedthevocabularybook,whichbecamemymotivationforstudyingEnglish.20/21Nobodyisbornasageniusforachievingsuccess.Successtendstoarriveafteraseriesoftrialsandfailures.Itislikelythatwehavetofacesomefailuresfromtimetotime.Dealingwiththemcorrectlyisthekeytosuccess.21/21',)