1.常用虚词shall,notwithstanding,as,foregoing,aforesaid,thesaid,aforementioned,abovementioned,accordingto,under,subjectto,inaccordancewith,asper,asprovidedin,pursuant,underorinaccordancewiththeagreement,asprovidedherein,asprovidedinhereof,includebutnotlimitedto,withprejudice,whereas,hereof,hereto,herein,hereby,hereinafter,hereunder,thereof,forthwith,thefollowing,asfollows,asofthedateof,hereunder.应该，必须。有时也可用will，但力度比较弱should在法律文件里往往用作“if”表示如果之意=inspiteof,despite.放句首1.3.1.asthecasemaybe(视情况而定)，asthecasemayrequire(视具体要求而定)1.3.2.as+provide/stipluate,setforth,prescribe表“依照什么规定”Asprovided短语含义相当于inaccordancewithTheventuremayrelocateitsofficefromtimetotimeastheVenturersmayrequire.1.3.3such……as…构成极具代表性的表达suchdateasaresonableinthecircumstances(as这里可以换成that).foregoing,aforesaid,thesaid,aforementioned,abovementioned.一般放在名词之前做限定，意思相同，都做“上述的”或“前述的”讲。合同中只要重复第一次提到的姓名或名称，即可将上述词放在合同内名词之前。如果想用动词短语表达，可将mentionedabove放在名词先行词后。要限定或重复某事，也可用Somethinginquestion表达依照什么规定Accordingto(最少用),under,subjectto,inaccordancewith,asper,asprovidedin,prusuantto,underorinaccordancewiththeagreement,asprovidedherein.PursuanttoArticle8ofthecontract=pursuanttoArticle8hereof.具体条款放在contract前不用of连接；也可用hereof,thereof直接放在具体条款之后.includingbutnotlimitedto,including,withoutlimitation以及includingbywayofillustrationbutnotlimitation.“包括但不限于”priorto,nolaterthan,onorbefore.“在日前，提前多少日”asfollows,asbelow,thefollowing.“下列”NOWTHEREFORE,thepartiesherebycovenantandagreeasfollows/asbellow.withoutprejudiceto,withprejudice.“在不损害什么的规定/情况下，不使受损害”“和有损，有偏见”hereof,hereto,hereunto,herein,hereby,hereinafter,hereinbefore,hereunder,thereof,wherebyHere指该合同或协议There指另一合同或协议attributableto,byvirtureof,onaccountof(相当于普通英语中dueto,becauseof)1.12inlieuof.“替代”相当于普通英语中的insteadof.hereinafterreferredtoas,hereinaftercalled,hereinreferredtoas.“以下简称”unlessotherwise一半后面紧跟动词，除非另…（比“ifnot”“otherwise”正式）Unlessotherwisespecifiedinthecontract/L/C除非另有规定unlessotherwiseexpresslyagreedby除非另有约定1.15inrespectof关于,比about,concerning,asregards正式inrespectthereof表示上文已提及的事项时使用1.16intheeventthat,intheeventof如果…发生，比when更正式providedthat:但规定，规定；但是。常用于合同的某一条款需要做进步一规定时，或作规定时语气上表示转折。中译英时候注意。bedeemed:比bebelieved,beconsidered正式1.19inquestion,underconsideration,beingtalkedabout.该，这Themattersinquestion该事项1.20incase,the(the)caseof:如果，含“一旦、万一”之意。beliableforsth,beliabletosb,beresponsibleinaccordancewithlaw.对某事人负有责任knowallmenbythesepresents根据本文件，特此宣布;undersigned法律文件签署者，前面加the，是指文件签署者的自称NowTherefore特此，因此。一般接whereas之后，为引出具体协议事项的常用开头词，并与其后的hereby连用，可译成“兹”“特此”2常用的实义词,stipulate,prescribe,discribed,setforth.表示“规定”名词分别为provision,stipulation,prescription,warrant,undertake,guarantee“保证”。Represent和warrant连用，出现在合同中声明和保障部分。PartyAherebyrepresentsandwarrantstopartyBthat.甲方向乙方声明并保证。placeofbusiness,domicile,businesspremise“主营业地”“住所”“营业场所”annexes,appendix/appendices,schedule/schedules,addendum/addenda.“附件”其中annex还有“吞并、合并”的意思。,article,section,clause,paragraph,subparagraph.章chapter,条article/(section/clause美国合同),款paragraph,项subparagrahp有权做shall/willhavetherighttodo;(可用maydo代替)beentitledtodo(可用maydo代替)reservetherighttodo—专指“保留行使做什么的权利”be(duly)authorisedtodo/havetheauthoritytodo经授权havetheauthoritytododosth.Atone’soptionbeatlibertytodo—指由行为人自主决定做什么有责任有义务做HavethelegalobligationtodoBeobligedtoShalldoBeundertheobligationtodoShallbeliabletodo.合同英语中一般指“实现”“完成”,copy,duplicate,original一式三份ismadein3origianls/couterpart,/copy/duplicate“招致”相当于普通英语中cause法律专用于，意思等于中文的“即”，同普通英语中的thatistoday（很少用）,approval批准sth.Initsentirety“全部，整个做什么”dosth.Totally,dosthasawhole.相当于我国法律中的“抵押”Lien相当于“留置”Security相当于“担保、保证”asecuiredland一块设定担保的土地，asecuiredmoney保证还款Charege；指给土地等财产设定的保证付款的债权Pledge:保证；为支付由转移人发生的债务将动产转移，作为担保的方式；承典人对所收典物享有的权利（典权）Encumbrance指给财产设定的债券，例如租赁、抵押、限制性契约、收取房租等。尽力做某事Useallresonableendeavorstodo;useone’sbestefforts.
合同用语2 