英文合同必备条款的表达方式

('NECESSARYTERMSOFENGLISHCONTRACT1.前言Preamble一份标准英文合同通常可以分为前言（Preamble）、正文（Operativepart）、附录（Schedule）及证明部分即结束词（Attestation）四大部分组成。前言（Preamble）由“Parties”及“Recitals”两部分组成。“Parties”为必备条款，在很多时候称为“commencement”即合同的开场白，主要介绍合同各方的名称或姓名、注册地及地址、邮编及在合同中的简称。当然，并不是所有的合同都要详细介绍以上诸要素，在许多简单合同中，只是提一下各方的名称。I.以下为“Parties”的常用表达方式：1.ThisAgreementisenteredintobyandbetween____and____.本协议由以下双方____和___签署。2.ThisAgreementisenteredintobyandbetween____(hereinafterreferredtoas____)and____(hereinafterreferredtoas"_____"),wherebyitisagreedasfollows:本协议由以下双方____（以下简称____）和_____（以下简称___）签署，达成如下协议：注：在很多合同中，这部分加入签约事由，如：ThisAgreementisenteredintothroughfriendlynegotiationsbetween_____Co.(hereinafterreferredtoasthe“PartyA”)and_____Co.(hereinafterreferredtoasthe“PartyB”)basedonequalityandmutualbenefittodevelopbusinessonthetermsandconditionssetforthbelow:本协议由_____（以下称为甲方）和____（以下称为乙方）为发展业务在平等互利的基础上签订，其条款如下：ThisAgreementisenteredintobetween_____(hereinafterreferredtoas"Company"),and______,(hereinafterreferredtoas"Employee")pursuanttoparagraphVIII(2)oftheEmployeeHandbook,wherebyitisagreedasfollows:本“协议”由_____（以下简称“公司”）与_____（以下简称“雇员”）根据“雇员手册”第VIII(2)款签署，“协议”内容如下：II.以下为标准的“Parties”条款：3.ThisAgreementismadeandenteredintothis_____thdayof_____intheyearof____byandbetween______,acompanydulyorganizedandexistingunderandbyvirtueofthelawsof______,withitsprincipalplaceofbusinessat_____(hereinafterreferredtoas“_____”),and______,acompanydulyorganizedandexistingunderandbyvirtueofthelawsof_____,withitsprincipalplaceofbusinessat_____(hereinafterreferredtoas“_____”),wherebyitisagreedasfollows:本合约由______，在_____法律之下并凭该等法律正式组织并存在的公司，其主要营业地点在______（下称_____），与_____，在_____法律之下并凭该等法律正式组织并存在的公司，其主要营业地点______（下称代理人），于_____日签订和缔结，协议如下：III.“Recitals”由数个以"Whereas"字样开头的句子所组合而成（这些句子俗称为“WhereasClauses”），表示当事人乃是在基于对这些事实（例如订约的目的、背景来由等）的共同认识，订立此合约。4.ThisAgreementismadeandenteredintothis_____dayof_____intheyearof____byandbetween_______,acompanydulyorganizedandexistingunderandbyvirtueofthelawsof______,withitsprincipalplaceofbusinessat______(hereinafterreferredtoas“_____”),and______,acompanydulyorganizedandexistingunderandbyvirtueofthelawsof______,withitsprincipalplaceofbusinessat______(hereinafterreferredtoas“_____”)WITNESSEDWHEREAS,NOWTHEREFORE,thepartiesheretoagreeasfollows:本合约由_____，在_____法律之下并凭该等法律正式组织并存在的公司，其主要营业地点在______（下称_____）（或下称供应商），与_______，在_____法律之下并凭该等法律正式组织并存在的公司，其主要营业地点_鉴于因此，双方当事人达成以下协议：注：WITNESSED可以用WITHNESSTH、WITHNESSTHTHAT等来代替。IV.在很多美国常用合同中，在很多情况下直接用RECITALS引导数个陈述语句或“WhereasClauses”。下面为一个资产购买协议实例：ThisASSETPURCHASEAGREEMENT(the"Agreement")ismadeandenteredintoasofMay19,1997byandamongAAA,aDelawarecorporation("AAA"),BBB,aDelawarecorporationandwholly-ownedsubsidiaryofAAA("Buyer"),CCC("Summit"),andDDD,anOregoncorporationandwholly-ownedsubsidiaryofSummit("Seller").RECITALSA.TheBoardsofDirectorsofeachofSummit,Seller,AAAandBuyerbelieveitisinthebestinterestsofeachcompanyandtheirrespectivesecurityholdersthatBuyeracquirecertainlistedassetsandassumecertainlistedliabilitiesofSeller(the"Acquisition").B.Onthedatehereof,Buyerhasexecuteda$2,000,000irrevocablepurchaseordertopurchase400time-basedlicensesforSummit\'sVisualHDLinterfacesforVisualTestbench("VTB")softwareonAAA\'sstandardformofpurchaseorder,whichispayablewithinfive(5)businessdaysafterthedatehereof.NOW,THEREFORE,inconsiderationofthecovenants,promisesandrepresentationssetforthherein,andforothergoodandvaluableconsideration,thepartiesagreeasfollows:2.定义Definition在正文（Habendum）部分，通常第一章为定义（Definitions）部分。定义条款即对合同中涉及的术语及名词作出限定、解释的条款。它可以散见于合同各个部分，但对于一些大型的、重要的合同，通常将其置于第一章。I.常见的定义语句常用mean,referto,beconstruedas,include等来表达。如：1."Territory"meanstheUnitedStatesofAmerica.“销售地区”是指美利坚合众国。2.“Commencementdate”shallmeanthedateofsigningthisagreementbythelastsigningpartyhereto.“协议生效日”是指本“协议”最后签字的一方签署本“协议”的日期。3.The“agreement”hereinreferredtoshallmeanthisagreementofagencybyentrustment.“协议”在这里是指本委托代理协议。4.“Code”shallrefertothecurrentandapplicableInternalRevenueCode.“法”是指当前可用的国内税收法。5.Referencetoanystatutoryprovisionshallbeconstruedasareferencetothesameasitmayhavebeen,ormayfromtimebe,amended,modifiedorre-enacted.引用法律规定理解为引用其本身外，还包括其修订、修正或重新实施案。6."Expenses"includecosts,chargesandexpensesofeverydescription.“费用”包括各种形式的金钱支出。II.还有一类特殊的定义语句，即对于「单、复数」及「阴、阳性」名词的范围定义。通常都是用include来表达：1."StockCertificate"includes"stockcertificate"and"stockcertificates".合同中的“股票”，包括单数与复数。2."He"includes"he"and"she".合同中的“他”，包括“他”与“她”。3.Wordsusingthesingularorpluralnumberalsoincludethepluralorsingularnumber.采用单数或复数的单词也包括复数或单数。III.定义语句中，有时需限定范围。而通常用得最多的是：“forthepurposeof”及“inrelationto”某概念的定义条款，如果适用范围仅限于合同的“特定部份”，可以用“forthepurposeof”来为定义条款起头。而如果定义条款是针对合同的“特定概念”，就用“inrelationto”来界定。如下例：1.ForthepurposeofthisAgreement,"Products"meansalltypesofthemachineriesmanufacturedbyManufacturerasarespecifiedinAttachmentAhereto.本协议所称的“产品”，指制造人所制造如附件A表列之各式机器。2."Address"means－(a)就自然人而言inrelationtoanindividual,hisusualresidentialorbusinessaddress;and(b)inrelationtoacorporation,itsregisteredorprincipalofficeintheRepublicofChina.“地址”就自然人而言，指通常之居所或工作场所；就公司而言，指位于中华人民共和国之注册所在地或主营业所。IV.在定义条款中，在定义语句前有时会加上一些陈述语句来引导，如：1.ForthepurposeofthisAgreement,eachofthefollowingtermsshallhavethefollowingmeaningrespectively:就本合同的目的而言，下列各用语，分别具有下述意义：2.InthisAgreement,thefollowingwordsorexpressionsshallhavethemeaningsgiventothemrespectivelybelow:本协议内所用词句的意义，明确阐述如下：3.Inthisagreementunlessthecontextotherwiserequires,thefollowingwordsandexpressionsshallhavethemeaningsassignedtothemhereunder:除非本“协议”有明确规定，下列词语应当具有如下规定之意义：4.ThefollowingarethedefinitionsofvarioustermsusedinthisAgreement:本“协议”使用之术语定义如下：3.有效期Periodofvalidity有效期(Term)条款通常规定合同的有效期限，何时生效及到何时结束，合同结束后必要时如何延展等等。I.以下为“Term”的常用表达方式：Thetermofthiscontractisfora_____yearperiod.合同的有效期为_____年。如：Thetermofthiscontractisforaone(1)yearperiod.2.Thecontractisfora_____monthperiod,commencing_____.合同的有效期为_____月，开始于______。（期限）a.Thecontractisfora12monthperiod,commencingSeptember17,2002thruSeptember16,2003.b.Thecontractisfora6monthperiod,commencing4-1-03andending9-30-2003.3.Thisagreementremainsvalidfor_____year(s),i.e.commencingon______,_____andterminatingon______,_____.本协议在_____年之内有效，即从_____年_____月_____日起生效，_____年_____月_____日起到期。4.Thecontracttermisherebyextendedfortheperiod____.合同的有效期为_______。如：Thecontracttermisherebyextendedfortheperiod____inaccordancewithSectionE,Paragraph10,TermofContractandContractExtension.II.Term条款除了规定合同的期限外，通常另外合同期限的延展“Extension”。1.Thecontractperiodisfor_____yearwithoptiontore-newfor_____year.合同有效期为_____年，同时可以选择延长_____年。2.Thecontractisfora_____monthperiod,commencing_____.Thecontractmayberenewedforupto_____yearoptionperiods.合同的有效期为_____月，开始于_______，同时可以选择延长_____年。3.Thisagreementshallcommenceonthecommencementdateandshallendureforacontinuousperiodof_____years.Thereafteritwillbeautomaticallyrenewedforsuccessiveperiodsof_____yearsonthesametermsandconditionsunlessoneofthepartieshadgiven_____daysnoticeoftermination.本协议应自生效日生效并在_____年内有效。此后，除非一方当事人提前_____天书面通知对方当事人终止本协议，本协议有效期自动延长_____年，协议条款不变。III.Term条款并没有十分固定的表达方式，以下即是一些合同中Term的实例：1.ThisAgreementshallbevalidandremaininforceforaperiodofthree(3)yearscommencingfromthedateappearingfirstabovewrittenuponthesigningofbothPartyAandPartyBandshallbeextendedforanotherperiodofthree(3)yearsonthesametermsandconditionsunlesseitherofthepartiesheretogivestheotherpartyatleastthirty(30)dayspriorwrittennoticetoterminatethisAgreementpriortotheexpirationoftheoriginalterm.本合约须从上面首次写明的甲方和乙方签订本约的日期起生效并保持效力三年，并将按同样条件延长三年，否则与约任何一方至少须在原定时间期满前三十天给予另一方提前终止本合约的书面通知。2.Atanytimeandfromtimetotimeduringtheperiodcommencingonthedatehereofandterminatingon______,20___,partyAmayinwritingadvisepartyB.自本协议签订之日起到______年______月协议终止这段期间内，甲方可随时以书面形式通知乙方。3.ThetermofthisAgreementshallbethreeyearsfromtheeffectivedate,unlessterminatedinaccordancewithArticleVI-(3)andArticleIX.本合同的期限除非根据第8条第3款及第9条的规定终止外，有效期为3年。4.Thecontractisvalidfrom_______until_______.Thecontractperiodisautomaticallyextendedforanyleaveofabsenceallowedforinlaw.合同的有效期为从______到_____。5.ThetermofthisAgreementshallcommenceonthe_____dayof_____andendonthe_____dayof_____Uponexpirationoftheaboveinitialterm,thisAgreementshallautomaticallyberenewandextendedforalikeperiodoftimeunlessterminatedinwritingbyeitherparty_____dayspriortothedateforsuchrenewal.本协议期限为__年____月____日至__年___月___日。除非续订日前_____天一方以书面方式提出终止，否则上述首期届满后，协议应自动续订，延长时间与前期相同。4.不可抗力ForceMajeureForceMajeure条款是一种免责条款，即免除由于不可抗力事件而违约的一方的违约责任。一般应规定的内容包括：不可抗力事件的定义（DefinitionofForceMajeure）以及不可抗力事件的后果（ConsequencesofForceMajeure）。在ForceMajeure条款中，两者属于因果关系，难以截然分开。I.对于ForceMajeure的定义，《合同法》定义如下：本法所称不可抗力，是指不能预见、不能避免并不能克服的客观情况。ForpurposesofthisLaw,forcemajeuremeansanyobjectivecircumstance,whichisunforeseeable,unavoidableandinsurmountable.II.以下是ForceMajeure条款的举例：1.Neitherpartyshallberesponsiblefordelaysorfailuresinperformanceresultingfromactsorfactsreasonablybeyondthecontrolofthatparty.任何一方不应对因其无法控制之行为或事实造成协议延迟履行或不履行承担任何责任。2.EitherPartyshallnotbeliableforanydelaycausedbyanyunpredictablefactororanyfactorwhichisunavoidableorinsurmountablebyreasonablemeansatthetimeofconclusionofthisAgreement,oranylosscausedbyfailureinfulfillmentofobligationsasstipulatedherein.协议任一方无须对因任何在本协议签订时无法预见或以合理手段也无法避免或克服之原因造成的迟延或不履行本协议之义务所造成的损失承担责任。注：以上采用的是类似《合同法》概括的定义方法。而合同为不可抗力定义时更多地采用列举的方法。3.NeitherpartyofthisAgreement,directlyorindirectlyowingtoanycausesorcircumstancesbeyonditscontrol,includingActsofGod,Governmentalordersorrestriction,war,warlikeconditions,revolutions,strike,lockout,fireandflood.本合同任何一方当事人对直接或间接地由于其无法控制的原因或情况包括自然灾害、政府命令或限制、战争、战争状态、革命、罢工、工厂被关闭、火灾、水灾等而未能履行或延迟履行合同或合同一部分的行为，不负任何责任。注:ActsofGod通常也译为“不可抗力”，但主要是指自然灾害；而ForceMajeure则包括自然及人为两方面。4.Neitherpartywillbeliablefornondelivery,misdeliveryorlatedelivery(otherthanthepaymentofmoneyduehereunder)causedbycircumstancesbeyonditsreasonablecontrol,including,amongothers,war,civilstrifeorcommotion,riots,strikes,fires,floods,actsofGod,inabilitytoobtainmaterials,failureofcarriersorcompliancewithanylaw,regulationorgovernmentalorder.任何当事人将不会为任何因为不可控制的情况产生的未交付货物、交付错误或延迟交货（除了支付应付款）。不可控制的情况包括战争、国内斗争或暴乱、骚乱、罢工、火灾、洪灾、自然灾害、无力获得材料、承运人的失误、遵守法律、法规或政府令。5.Shouldeitherofthepartiestothecontractbypreventedfromexecutingthecontractbyforcemajeure,suchasearthquake,typhoon,flood,fireandwarandotherunforeseenevents,andtheirhappeningandconsequencesareunpreventableandunavoidable,thepreventedpartyshallnotifytheotherpartybycablewithoutanydelay,andwithin15daysthereafterprovidethedetailedinformationoftheeventsandavaliddocumentforevidenceissuedbytherelevantpublicnotaryorganizationforexplainingthereasonofitsinabilitytoexecuteordelaytheexecutionofallorpartofthecontract.Bothpartiesshall,throughconsolations,decidewhethertoterminatethecontractortoexemptthepartofobligationsforimplementationofthecontractorwhethertodelaytheexecutionofthecontractaccordingtotheeffectsoftheeventsontheperformanceofthecontract.由于地震、台风、水灾、火灾、战争以及其它不能预见并且对其发生和后果不能防止或避免的不可抗力事件出现，致使直接影响合同的履行或者不能按约定的条件履行时，遇有上述不可抗力的一方，应立即电报通知对方，并应在十五天内，提供不可抗力详情及合同不能履行、或者部分不履行、或者需要延期履行的理由的有效证明文件。此项证明文件应由事故发生地有权证明的机构出具。按其对履行合同影响的程度，由双方协商决定是否解除合同，或者部分履行合同，或者延期履行合同。6.Forcemajeureshallhereofconsistofthefollowingevents:下述事件构成不可抗力：Wheresuchcasesaswar,earthquake,seriouswindstorms,snow,orfireorothereventswhichnopartycanforeseeandpreventfromhappeningoccur;发生战争、地震、严重的风灾、雪灾、火灾或其他各方无法预见、无法抗拒的事故。TherelatedlawsandregulationsincollectionwiththeexecutionofdutiesbyanypartytothisAgreementundergochanges,underwhichthisAgreementwillbeillegalorthetransfercannotbefulfilled.自本协议签订之日起与本协议任何一方履行本协议相关的法律、法规发生变更致使本协议非法或转让行为无法完成。Ineventoftheoccurrenceoftheabove-mentionedevents,ifanyparty(hereinafterreferredtoasthe“EffectedParty”)hasbeendelayedordeterredfromperformingthedutiesofthisAgreementinthecourseofitsexecution,theAffectedPartyshallbefreefromanyliabilitiesforbreachoftheagreementandforcompensation.在发生本协议不可抗力事件之后，任何一方（以下简称受影响方）在履行本协议义务时受到拖延或不能履行时，受影响方不承担任何违约责任及赔偿责任。Ineventoftheforcemajeure,theaffectedpartyshall,within_____daysfromthedateoftheoccurrence,notifytheotherpartyoftheimpactofsucheventsontheexecutionofthedutiesinthisAgreement,bytelex,telegraphorinanyotherlawfulwrittenform,andsimultaneouslysubmittherelevantofficialcredentialsconcerningtheforcemajeureherein.在发生不可抗力事件时，受影响方应自不可抗力事件发生之日起_____天内以电传或电报或其他任何合理书面方式，通知另一方有关不可抗力的发生和不可抗力对其履行本协议的义务的影响，同时应呈交不可抗力的有关官方证明。Shouldtheeffectoftheforcemajeurecaseslastmorethan_____days,bothpartiesshallconsulteachotheraboutthealterationsofthisAgreement;incasetheyfailtoreachanagreement,Chapter8shallthereuponapply.在不可抗力事件延续_____天后，双方必须磋商本协议的变更，双方未能协商一致的，适用本协议第八章的规定。7.ForceMajeure不可抗力(1)NopartytothisContractshallbeliabletotheotherpartyforanyfailureofordelayinperformanceofitsobligationshereofnorbedeemedtobeinbreachofthisContract,ifsuchfailureordelayhasarisenfrom"forcemajeure."如果任何一方因不可抗力而款能履行或推迟履行其义务，则不对另一方负责，也不应视作违反合同。"ForceMajeure"meanscircumstancesandconditionsbeyondthecontrolofeitherparties,thatwouldrenderitimpossibleforeithertheOwnerortheContractortofulfilltheirobligationsunderthisContract,ordelaysuchfulfillment.Anyofthefollowingmattersareconsidered"forcemajeure."“不可抗力”指业主或承包商无法控制的情况，使当事人未能按本合同履行其义务，或者不得不延迟履行其义务。下列情况均被视作“不可抗力”：a.war,hostilities,actofforeignenemy,invasion,warlikeopera-tions(whetherwartobedeclaredornot)orcivilwar;b.mutiny,civilcommotionassumingtheproportionsoforamountingtoapopularrising,militaryrising,insurrection,rebellion,revolution,militaryorusurpedpower,oranyactofanypersonactingonbehalfoforinconnectionwithanyorganizationwithactivitiesdirectedtowardstheoverthrowbyforceoftheGovernmentdejureordefacto,ortotheinfluencingofitbyterrorismorviolence;c.earthquake,flood,fireorothernaturalphysicaldisaster;d.denialoftheuseofallports,airports,shippingservicesorothermeansofpublictransport;e.strikeorlockoutorotherindustrialconcertedactionbyworkers,affectingthefulfillmentofContractor\'sandsubcontractors\'obligations;f.andotherunforeseencircumstancesbeyondthecontrolofthepartiessoaffectedrenderingthefulfillmentoftheirobligationsimpossible.a.战争、敌对事件、外敌行动、入侵、类似战争的军事行动（不管是事宣战）、内战；b.士兵哗变、民众暴乱、军事叛乱、起义、造反、革命、篡权、或者任何个人代表某个组织或与某个组织有联系、旨在以暴力推翻合法或现存政府、或以恐怖主义或暴力对政府施加影响的行为；c.地震、洪水、火灾或其他自然灾害；d.所有港口、机场、船运或其他公共交通工具的使用均遭拒绝；e.工人罢工、工厂停工、或其他的劳工联合行动，影响了承包商和分包商履行其义务；f.当事人无法控制、从而使其不能履行义务的其他任何意外情况。(3)IfeitherpartytothisContractispreventedordelayedfromorinperforminganyofhisobligationsunderthisContractbyforcemajeure,thenhemaynotifytheotherpartyofthecircumstancesconstitutingtheforcemajeureandoftheobligationperformanceofwhichistherebydelayedorpreventedandthepartygivingthenoticeshallthereuponbeexcusedfromtheperformanceorpunctualperformance,asthecasemaybe,ofsuchobligationforsolongasthecircumstancesofpreventionordelaymaycontinue.如果本合同任何一方因不可抗力不能或延迟履行本合同规定的任何义务，他可将不可抗力和由此造成的延迟或妨碍情况通知另一方。发出通知的一方允许根据具体情况及妨碍或延迟持续的时间免于履行或推迟履行合同。(4)Ifbyvirtueoftheprecedingsub-clauseditherpartyshallbeexcusedfromtheperformanceorpunctualperformanceofanyobligationforacontinuousperiodof________months,theneitherpartymayatanytimethereafterterminatethisContractbygivingawrittennoticetotheotherparty.根据本第款第3分条规定，如果任何一方免于履行或推迟履行其义务的时间持续了____个月，那么任何一方都可随时向另一方发出书面通知，终止本合同。5.修改Modification合同修订(Modification)条款为合同常用条款.主要规定了合同修订的方式与途径。例如：书面合同，只能以书面方式进行修订，口头修订内容无效。I.Modification条款通常较为简单，以下为一些常用比较简约的表达方式：1.Thecontractcanbeamendedonlyaftertheamendmentisagreeduponbybothparties.只有经双方一致同意，合同方可变更。2.ThisAgreementmaybeamendedonlybyawritteninstrumentsignedbydulyauthorizedrepresentativesofbothparties.本合同只有经双方当事人授权的代表正式签署的书面文件，方可修改。3.ThisAgreementmaynotbeamendedormodifiedexceptbywritteninstrumentsignedbyeachofthePartieshereto.除非经本协议当事人签署的书面通知，否则本协议书不得作出任何修改和变更。4.AnyalterationsoramendmentsofthisAgreementshallbesubjecttoagreementthroughconsultationbetweenbothpartiesinwriting.本协议的任何变更或修改，应由本协议双方协商一致，并以书面方式进行。5.ThisAgreementshallnotbemodifiedoramendedexceptbyawritteninstrument,signedbythepartieshereto.除非双方当事人共同签署书面文件，否则本“协议”不得修改或修订。6.Anymodification,amendmentorwaiverofanyoftheprovisionsofthisAgreementmustotherwisebemadeinwritinganddulysignedbythepartieshereto.对本“协议”任何规定的任何变更、修改或免责必须另以书面形式作出，并经各方正式签字。7.Duringtheperiodofvalidityoftheagreement,eitherpartyshallbeentitledtomakeproposalofamendmenttotheagreementandtheagreementamendedshallgointoeffectwiththesignatureofthetwoparties.在协议的有效期内，任何一方都有权提出对协议进行修改，修改后的协议经过双方签署后才能够生效。II.在实际运用中，由于内容环境不同，表达可能有所不同，以下为一些实例：1.IftheloancontractaffiliatedtothisContracthastobeabridged,amended,orrevised,bothpartiesshallnegotiatetoamendandrevisethisContractinlinewiththeprovisionsoftheloancontract.本股权质押项下的贷款合同如有修改、补充而影响本质押合同时，双方应协商修改、补充本质押合同，使其与股权质押项下贷款合同规定相一致。2.IfthisContractshallbeabridged,revised,oramendedonaccountofforcemajeure,theresponsibilitiesassumedbythePartyAunderthisContractshallnotbeexemptedorreduced,andtherightsandinterestsofthePartyBunderthisContractshallnotbeenaffectedorinfringed.如因不可抗力原因致本合同须作一定删节、修改、补充时，应不免除或减少甲方在本合同中所承担的责任，不影响或侵犯乙方在本合同项下的权益。3.TheamendmentofthecontractorotherappendicesshallcomeintoforceonlyafterthewrittenagreementsignedbyPartyAandPartyBandapprovedbytheoriginalexaminationandapprovalauthority.对本合同及其附件的修改必须经甲、乙双方签署书面协议，并报原审批机构批准，方可生效。4.ThisAgreementmaybeamendedinwritingsignedbybothParties.Unlessotherwiseexpresslyagreedtoinsuchamendment,alltermsandconditionsofthisAgreementshallapplytoanysuchadditionandallrightsgrantedtoLicenseeunderthisAgreementshallterminateastoanysuchdeletion.本协议可由「双方」书面签署予以修改。除在此种修改中另行明确同意外，本协议所有的条款和条件须适用于任何此类修改中所做的添加，而所有根据本协议而给予「被许可人」的权利对于任何此类修改中的删除事项而言将终止。6.补偿Indemnification损害赔偿（indemnification）条款，是减少合同风险的一个重要条款。该条款主要约定在第三者对合同提出权利主张时，另一缔约方应当对此承担责任。通常情况下，另一缔约方必须支付全部的防御性诉讼费用，以及全部的支付给第三者的和解费用或者第三者胜诉后造成的所有损失。实际上，本条款是将第三人造成的风险从合同的一方当事人转移给另一方当事人。其次，本条款也可以约定合同的另一缔约方有其他不当的作为时，应当进行损害赔偿。I．Indemnification条款常用“indemnifyandholdharmlessfrom……”来表达：1.PartyAagreestoindemnifyandholdPartyBharmlessfromanyclaimordemand,includingreasonableattorneys\'fees,madebyanythirdpartyduetoorarisingoutof甲方同意对乙方因_____造成的损失作出赔偿及保证乙方不招致任何第三方索偿或索求，包括合理的律师费用。应用实例：PartyAagreestoindemnifyandholdPartyBharmlessfromanyclaimordemand,includingreasonableattorneys\'fees,madebyanythirdpartyduetoorarisingoutofPartyA\'suseoftheSite,theviolationofthisAgreementbyPartyA,ortheinfringementbyPartyA,orotheruseroftheSiteusingPartyA\'sloginnameandpassword,ofanyintellectualpropertyorotherrightofanypersonorentity.甲方同意对乙方因甲方使用网站、或甲方违反本协议、或因甲方或其它使用甲方之登记名称及密码而使用网站的使用者，侵犯任何知识产权或任何其它人士或单位的其它权利所造成的损失作出赔偿及保证乙方不招致任何索偿或索求，包括合理的律师费用。2.PartyAshallindemnifyandholdpartyBandeachofpartyBofficers,directors,stockholders,employeesandagentsharmlessagainst,andinrespectof,anydamage,loss,liability,costorexpense,includingattorneys,fees,resultingorarisingfromorincurredinconnectionwiththisAgreementandthetransactionscontemplatedhereby,exceptsuchasmayresultfromwillfulmalfeasanceifpartyBorsuchofficer,director,stockholder,employeeofagent,asthecasemaybe.甲方应当赔偿乙方及其每个职员、董事、股东、雇员及其代理人因此协议引起或与此协议以后的交易相关事项而产生的损害、损失、责任、开支或费用，包括律师费用，但因乙方或其职员、董事、股东、雇员或代理人有意的过失而引起的损失除外。3.Eachpartywilldefend,indemnifyandholdtheotherharmlessfromandagainstallactions,proceedings,claims,demands,suits,losses,damagesandexpenses,includingreasonableattorneysfeesandcostsreasonablyincurredindefendinganyproceedingsinwhichthedamagessustainedarosefromafailureoftheotherpartytomeetitsobligationsunderthisagreement.Innoeventwilleitherpartybeliabletotheotherinconnectionwiththisagreementforspecial,incidental,indirectorconsequentialorpunitivedamagesregardlessofwhethereitherorbothpartiesknewofthepossibilityofsuchdamages.一方当事人将使另一方当事人免于承担诉讼、索赔、请求、损害赔偿金及费用，包括为以下诉讼辩护而发生的合理的律师费：因另一方当事人未根据本协议履行其义务而导致损害赔偿的诉讼。不管一方当事人或双方当事人是否知道特殊损害赔偿、附带损害赔偿、间接损害赔偿、后果性损害赔偿、惩罚性损害赔偿发生的可能性，一方当事人均不会为另一方当事人承担上述损害赔偿。4.Contractoragreestoprotect,defend,indemnifyandholdharmlesscompany,itsparent,subsidiariesandaffiliatedcompanies,anditsandtheiremployees,subcontractorsanditsandtheirinsurersfromandagainstanyclaim,demand,causeofaction,loss,expenseaward,obligationtoindemnifyanother,judgmentorliabilityonaccountofillness,injuryordeathtotheemployeesofcontractorandcontractor’ssubcontractorsand/ordamagetoorlossordestructionofthepropertyofcontractorarisingdirectlyorindirectlyoutoftheperformanceofthiscontractregardlessofomissionsornegligence,inwholeorinanypart,ofcompany.承包商同意保护、辩护、赔偿和保证公司、其上级公司、下属公司和关联公司、及其雇员、次承包商和其保险公司不承担在履行本合同过程中，不论公司是否存在部分或全部的不作为或疏忽的责任，直接或间接所导致的承包商和次承包商的雇员生病、受伤或死亡以及承包商的财产所遭受的毁损灭失相关的任何诉求、要求、诉因、损失、费用、对他方的赔偿义务、判决或赔偿责任。II．Indemnification条款还有多种表达方式，但并不固定。1.Notwithstandinganyofindemnitiesandliabilitiesspecificallyreferredtoabove,neithercompanyorcontractorshallbeliabletotheotherwithrespecttoanyconsequentiallossincluding,butnotlimitedto,lossofanticipatedprofit,lossofanticipatedrevenue,lossofanticipatedproduction,lossofproduct,orlossofuseofmoney,arisingorallegedtoariseoutofeithercompany’sorcontractor’sfailuretopropertycarryoutitsobligationshereunderorduetoomissionsornegligence,inwholeoranypart,ofthepartatfault,itssubcontractorsorvendorsortheun-seaworthinessofvessel,orstrictliability,andregardlessofwhetherpre-existingtheexecutionoftheagreement.除上列特别述及的赔偿和责任外，公司或承包商相互间不承担任何间接损失，包括但不限于预计的利润损失、预计的收益损失、预计的生产损失、产品损失、无法使用金钱的损失，由于或认为系因公司或承包商未能正确地履行本合同的义务或由于该违约系由于其次承包商或供应商(买方)或船舶不适航或严格责任和不论是否存在依以前协议履行原因，所导致的部分或全部的不作为或疏忽所造成的损失。2.Allremediesspecifiedhereinorotherwiseavailableshallbecumulativeandinadditiontoanyandeveryotherremedyprovidedhereunderornoworhereafteravailableatlaworinequity.Nowaiverorfailuretoactwithrespecttoanybreachordefaulthereunder,whetherornottheotherpartyhasnoticethereof,shallbedeemedtobeawaiverwithrespecttoanysubsequentbreachordefault,whetherofsimilarordifferentnature.依据法律或衡平法，本“协议”所述的赔偿或其它可得的赔偿应当是累积的，并在本“协议”中规定的赔偿之外，或在现在或此后可得的赔偿之外。无论对方当事人通知与否，任何与违反协议或不履行协议有关的弃权不得视为与任何后来的违反协议或不履行协议有关的弃权，无论是否性质相同或不同。III．在大型合同中，Indemnification条款往往非常复杂，以下即为。Indemnification补偿(a)Eachpartyshallindemnifyandholdharmlesstheotherparty,itsshareholders,directors,officers,employees,agents,designeesandassignees,oranyofthem,fromandagainstalllosses,damages,liabilities,expenses,costs,claims,suits,demands,actions,causesofactions,proceedings,judgments,assessments,deficienciesandcharges(collectively,"Damages")causedby,relatingtoorarisingfromtheperformancebysuchpartyinaccordancewiththisContractofitsobligationshereunder,andBuyershallalsoindemnifySeller,withoutlimitingtheforegoing,foranysuchitemcausedby,relatingtoorarisingfrom(a)theprogrammingserviceswhichareauthorizedforviewingsingtheSystem,includinganyassertionthatanysuchprogrammingserviceinvolvescopyrightinfringement,(b)anydisputesbetweenBuyerandanyofitsprogramdistributorsorotherdistributorsoraffiliates,(c)anydisputesorclaimsinvolvingthesubscribersforBuyer\'sprogrammingservices,or(d)anyassertionthatBuyerhasbeeninvolvedin,thatBuyer\'sconductofsubscriptioninvolves,orthatBuyer\'suseoftheSysteminvolves,anyunfaircompetitionorviolationsoflaws,rulesorregulations.(ａ)每方应就其按本合同规定履行其本合同项下义务所导致的、与其有关的或由其引发的一切损失、损害、责任、支出、费用、索赔、诉讼、要求、诉讼行为、诉因、程序、判决、估定税额、欠额以及收费(合称“损害”)补偿另一方、另一方的股东、董事、管理人员、雇员、代理、被指定人、受让人或其中任何一人，使之不受损害，并且在不对上文所述予以限制的条件下，买方还应就下述各项所导致的、与其有关的或由其引发的上述任何事项补偿卖方：(a)授权对viewingsing系统提供的服务；（b）买方与项目分包商、分支机构之间的纠纷；(c)任何用户针对买方的该项目服务的纠纷或索赔；(d)针对买方所涉该系统的不正当竞争或违法指控。(b)Intheeventofathird-partyclaim,withrespecttowhichaparty’sentitledtoindemnificationhereunder,aparty(the"IndemnifiedParty")shallnotifytheotherparty(the"IndemnifyingParty")inwritingssoonaspracticable,butinnoeventlaterthan______daysafterreceiptofsuchclaims.TheIndemnifiedParty\'sfailuretoprovidesuchnoticedshallnotprecludeitfromseekingindemnificationhereunderunlesssuchfailurehasmateriallyprejudicedtheIndemnifyingParty\'sabilitytodefendsuchclaim.TheIndemnifyingPartyshallpromptlydefendsuchclaimwithcounselofitsownchoosing)andtheIndemnifiedPartyshallcooperatewiththeIndemnifyingPartyinthedefenseofsuchclaim,includingthesettlementofthematteronthebasisstipulatedbytheindemnifyingParty(withtheIndemnifyingPartybeingresponsibleforallcostsandexpensesofsuchsettlement).(ｂ)如果第三方提出一方按本合同规定有权获得补偿的索赔请求，一方(“受补偿方”)应在实际可能的情况下尽早通知另一方(“补偿方”)，但无论如何不得迟于在收到该等请求后的第_______日。受补偿方未给予该通知并不排除其按本合同规定寻求补偿，除非未给予该通知补偿方抗辩该索赔请求的能力受到实质影响。补偿方(与其自行选择的律师一起)应及时对该索赔请求进行抗辩，而受补偿方应在对该索赔请求进行抗辩时与补偿方合作，包括按照补偿方规定的原则就该事项达成和解(补偿方承担该和解的一切费用与支出)。IftheIndemnifyingPartywithinareasonabletimeafternoticeofaclaimfailstodefendtheIndemnifiedparty,theIndemnifiedPartyshallbeentitledtoundertakethedefense,compromiseorsettlementofsuchclaimattheexpenseoftheIndemnifyingarty.Upontheassumptionofthedefenseofsuchclaim,theIndemnifyingartymaysettle,compromiseordefendasitseesfit.NotwithstandinganythingtothecontrarysetforthinthisSection,sellerwilldefendanysuit,claim,actionorproceedingbroughtagainstbuyerstotheextentthatsuchsuit,claim,actionorproceedingisbasedonaclaimthatgoodsmanufacturedandsoldbySellertoBuyerinfringepatent,copyright,maskwork,trademark,tradesecretoranyotherintellectualpropertyrightsofanythirdpartyandSellershallpayalldamagesandcostsawardedbyfinaljudgment(fromwhichnoappealmaybetaken)againstBuyer,aswellasitsactualexpensesandcosts,onconditionthatSeller如果补偿方收到索赔通知后为受补偿方辩护，则受补偿方应有权对该索赔进行抗辩、妥协或和解，费用由补偿方承担。在承担对该等索赔请求的辩护后，补偿方可进行和解、妥协或抗辩，由其酌处。无论本条有何相反的规定，如果发生对买方的诉讼、索赔、诉讼行为或程序是基于以下主张，即卖方制造并销售给买方的物品侵犯了任何第三方的_______国专利、版权、掩模、商标、商业秘密或其他任何知识产权，则卖方将就该诉讼、索赔、诉讼行为或程序为买方辩护，并将支付局判决(不能再上诉的)判定由买方承担的损害赔偿与费用，以及买方实际的支出与费用，上述规定的条件是：(i)ispromptlyinformedandfurnishedacopyofachcommunication,noticeorotheractionrelatingtotheallegedinfringement,(ii)isgivensolecontrolofthedefense(includingtherighttoselectcounsel),andthesolerighttocompromiseandsettlesuchsuitorproceeding;providedhowever,thatSeller\'sliabilityhereunder,ifany,shallbestrictlyandsolelylimitedtotheamountofroyaltieswhichwouldbepayableinrespectofrevenuesderivedbySellerfromBuyerfromsalesoftheinfringinggoods.Sellershallnotbeobligatedtodefendorbeliableforcostsanddamagesiftheinfringementarisesoutifacombinationwith,anadditionto,ormodificationofthegoodsafterdeliverybySeller,orfromuseofthegoods,oranypartthereof,inthepracticeofaprocess.(1)卖方被及时告知侵权指控的发生，并得到与该侵权指控有关的每一通讯、通知或其他诉讼文书的副本，(2)得到该辩护的独家控制权(包括选择律师的权利)，以及就诉讼或程序进行妥协或者和解的独家权利；但是，卖方在本合同项下的责任(如果有的话)，应严格地并且仅仅限于卖方因买方销售侵权物品而应从买方获得的特许权使用费收入金额。如果侵权是由卖方交货后有人将物品混合、添加或改造而引起，或者由实施某一方法时使用物品(或其何部分)而引起，则卖方无义务进行辩护，亦无承担费用或损害赔偿的责任。IfanygoodsmanufacturedandsuppliedbySellertoBuyerareheldtoinfringeanyvalidpatentandBuyerisenjoinedfromusingthesame,orifsellerbelievessuchinfringementislikely,Sellerwillexertallreasonableeffortsatitsoptionandexpense(i)toprocureforBuyertherighttousesuchgoodsfreeofanyliabilityforsuchinfringement,or(ii)replaceormodifysuchgoodswithanoninfringingsubstituteotherwisecomplyingsubstantiallywithalltherequirementsofthiscontract,or(iii)uponreturnofthegoods,refundthepurchasepriceandthetransportationcostsofsuchgoods(lessreasonableallowancefortheiruseandbenefitderivedtherefromfortheperiodoftimefromdeliverytoBuyer,suchallowancebeingbasedonastraight-linedepreciationperiodof_______yearsfromthedateofshipmentbySeller).如果卖方制造并向买方提供的任何物品被判定侵犯有效的_______国专利，且卖方被禁止使用该专利，或者如果卖方相信很可能发生侵权，卖方将尽一切合理的努力，自费从以下措施中作出选择：(1)为买方取得使用该等物品而不产生侵权责任的权利，或(2)以在其他方面实质符合本合同所有规定的非侵权替代品来代替或改造该等物品，或(3)在该等物品被返还后，退还该等物品的购买价以及运费(扣除向买方交货至退还期间使用该等物品并从中获得利益的折扣金额，该折扣金额按从卖方装运之日起_______年直线式折旧来计算)。Iftheinfringementisallegedpriortocompletionofdeliveryofthegoods,Sellerhastherighttodeclinetomakefurthershipmentswithoutbeinginbreachofcontract.IfSellerhasnotbeenenjoinedfromsellingsuchgoodstoBuyer,Sellermay(atSeller\'ssoleelection),atBuyer\'srequest,supplysuchgoodstoBuyer,inwhicheventBuyershallbedeemedtoextendtoSellerthesamepatentindemnityhereinabovestated.ThesamepatentindemnityshallbedeemedtobeextendedtoSellerbybuyerifanysuitorproceedingisbroughtagainstSellerbasedonaclaimthatthegoodsmanufacturedbySellerincompliancewithBuyer\'sspecificationsinfringeanyvalidpatent.BuyershallpromptlynotifySellerofanyinfringementbyathirdpartyofintellectualpropertyrightslicensedtoBuyerunderthiscontract.Intheeventthatathirdpartyinfringessuchintellectualpropertyrights,thePartiesshallcooperatewithoneanothertotakeappropriateactiontocausesuchinfringementtocease.Theforegoingstatesthesoleandexclusiveliabilityofthepartiesheretoforinfringementofpatents,copyrights,maskworks,tradesecretstrademarks,andotherproprietaryrights,whetherdirectorcontributory,andisinlieuofallwarranties,express,impliedorstatutory,inregardhereto,including,withoutlimitation,thewarrantyagainstinfringementspecifiedintheuniformcommercialcode.如果交货完成前发生权指控，卖方有权拒绝进一步装运，而不构成违约。如果卖方还没有被禁止向买方销售该等物品，应买方请求，卖方可以(仅由卖方酌定)向买方供应该等物品，在此情况下，买方应被视为向卖方做出与本合同上文所述相同的专利补偿保证。如果有人指称卖方按照买方规格制造的物品侵犯了有效的_______国专利，并以此为根据向卖方提起诉讼或程序，则买方应被视为已向卖方做出同样的专利补偿保证。买方应将第三方侵犯本合同项下许可给买方的知识产权及时通知卖方。如果第三方侵犯该等知识产权，双方应互相合作，采取适当的行动制止该侵权行为。上文规定了本合同双方就专利、版权、掩模、商业秘密、商标以及其他专有权利的侵权(无论是直接的还是协从的)所承担的唯一责任，并且取代就其所做出的所有保证(明示的、暗示的或法定的)，包括(但不限于)＿＿＿＿＿中规定的不侵权保证。',)