啤酒生产工艺流程与设备,啤酒生产工艺流程

("啤酒生产工艺流程与设备一．生产工艺流程1.1麦芽制造工艺流程麦芽制造主要有三大步骤：浸麦、发芽、干燥，流程如下：1.1.1浸麦使麦芽吸收发芽所需要的一定量水分的过程，称为大麦的浸渍，简称浸麦。经浸渍后的大麦称为浸渍大麦。浸麦是为了供给大麦发芽时所需的水分，给以充足的氧气，使之开始发芽。与此同时还可洗涤麦粒，除去浮麦，除去麦皮中对啤酒有害的物质。浸麦水最好使用中等硬度的饮用水，不得存在有害健康的有机物，应无漂浮物。水中亚硝酸盐含量达到一定量时，对发芽有抑制作用。水中含铁、锰过多，会使麦芽表面呈灰白色。碱性的水，会提高皮壳的办渗透性，增加水的铁含量，限制沉降作用，甚至影响色泽。1.1.2发芽浸渍大麦在理想控制的条件下发芽，生成适合啤酒酿造所需要的新鲜麦芽的过程，称为发芽。然后送入焙燥系统制成啤酒麦芽。因此，发芽是一种生理生化过程。大麦发芽的目的：激活原有的酶；生成新的酶；物质转变。1.1.3干燥未干燥的麦芽称为绿麦芽，绿麦芽含水分高，不能贮存，也不能进入糖化工序，必须经过干燥。通过干燥，可以使麦芽水分下降至5%以下，利于贮藏；终止化学—生物学变化，固定物质组成；去除绿麦芽的生青味，产生麦芽特有的色、香、味；容易除去麦根。让我们看到了如何去做才叫坚定了理想信念，如何去做才算做到了奉献、坚守，做到了一名优秀共产党员应该做到的。rationalconcepttoallownetworkmoreinlinewiththeobjectivelawsofthefuturedevelopmentofthecity.1.5.2planningresearchareas:throughoutthecity,withanareaof13,000km2,cover2districtsand8countiesofthecity,includingdowntownandcitylevels.Planningrange:mainforCityCenterCity,areafor1268km2,NorthtocasesfieldXiang,andJinPingzhen,andGaoDianZhen,andhuangshazhen,andLiuhometownNorthTownshipterritories,EastNanXIZhen,andJiangnanEastTownshipterritories,Southtohorsehome,andsonghome,andLiZhuangZhen,andSouthwidetown,andZhaofieldStreetdoSouthadministrativeborder,Westtobaixizhen,anddishdamtown,andthoughtslopeXiangWestTownshipterritories.1.6planningtarget1.6.1GeneraltargetthisitemsresearchtowillYibincitybuiltYangtzeRiverupstreamchuanYunnanGuizhoucombinedDepartmentRegionalCenterCity,supportcityspaceoforderedexpandfortarget,referenceYibincityintegratedtrafficplanning(2014-2030years)andtheYibinCityCitygeneralplanning(2013-2030years)ofresearchresults,usingscience,andadvancedofnetworkresearchmethod,buildingmorelevel,andmoremodeoftracktrafficsystem,Meetatdifferentlevelsofthecity'srailtransportationneedsandqualityrequirements.1.6.2target1,refinedurbandevelopmentaxisofurbandevelopmentconcepts,judgments,rail-guideddowntownfromsolotogroup-developmentofthenetwork,fromoneCentertocentercitywithaxialdevelopment.2,networkplanningadaptedtoYibinCitystatusandfuturedevelopmentneeds,demonstratesrationalscaleofrailtransporttomeettheneeds1.1.4除根根芽对啤酒酿造没有意义，并影响啤酒质量。根芽吸湿性强，能够很快吸收环境的水分，使干燥麦芽含水量重新提高；根芽含有不良的苦味，影响啤酒的口味；根芽能使啤酒的色度增加。所以麦芽干燥后应将根芽除掉。1.2啤酒酿造工艺流程酿造工艺流程描述：糊化锅中加入52kg工艺水，加热至45℃；将已粉碎好的原料加入糊化锅中，在温度为70℃的条件下使α-淀粉酶充分作用，时间为20min；然后在100℃的条件下使淀粉充分糊化，提高浸出率，同时提供混合糖化醪升温所需的热量，时间为40min。在糖化锅中加入96kg工艺水，加热至37℃；将已粉碎好的原料加入糖化锅中，在温度为50℃的条件下使羧肽酶充分作用，形成低分子含氮物质；然后将糊化锅醪液加入糖化锅中，并在65℃下保持30min，使β淀粉酶充分降解淀粉；然后在72℃下保持40min，让α淀粉酶充分分解淀粉，之后升温至78℃。糖化锅醪液经过滤槽去除麦糟后，倒入煮沸锅加热煮沸，醪液的沸点为105℃，通过煮沸可以适当控制麦汁浓度在0.12-0.13之间；并能破坏酶的活性，终止生物化学反应；使蛋白质变性凝固；使酒花中的有效成分充分溶出。煮沸过程的凝固的蛋白质在旋沉槽中沉淀除去；然后倒入发酵罐中进行发酵。让我们看到了如何去做才叫坚定了理想信念，如何去做才算做到了奉献、坚守，做到了一名优秀共产党员应该做到的。rationalconcepttoallownetworkmoreinlinewiththeobjectivelawsofthefuturedevelopmentofthecity.1.5.2planningresearchareas:throughoutthecity,withanareaof13,000km2,cover2districtsand8countiesofthecity,includingdowntownandcitylevels.Planningrange:mainforCityCenterCity,areafor1268km2,NorthtocasesfieldXiang,andJinPingzhen,andGaoDianZhen,andhuangshazhen,andLiuhometownNorthTownshipterritories,EastNanXIZhen,andJiangnanEastTownshipterritories,Southtohorsehome,andsonghome,andLiZhuangZhen,andSouthwidetown,andZhaofieldStreetdoSouthadministrativeborder,Westtobaixizhen,anddishdamtown,andthoughtslopeXiangWestTownshipterritories.1.6planningtarget1.6.1GeneraltargetthisitemsresearchtowillYibincitybuiltYangtzeRiverupstreamchuanYunnanGuizhoucombinedDepartmentRegionalCenterCity,supportcityspaceoforderedexpandfortarget,referenceYibincityintegratedtrafficplanning(2014-2030years)andtheYibinCityCitygeneralplanning(2013-2030years)ofresearchresults,usingscience,andadvancedofnetworkresearchmethod,buildingmorelevel,andmoremodeoftracktrafficsystem,Meetatdifferentlevelsofthecity'srailtransportationneedsandqualityrequirements.1.6.2target1,refinedurbandevelopmentaxisofurbandevelopmentconcepts,judgments,rail-guideddowntownfromsolotogroup-developmentofthenetwork,fromoneCentertocentercitywithaxialdevelopment.2,networkplanningadaptedtoYibinCitystatusandfuturedevelopmentneeds,demonstratesrationalscaleofrailtransporttomeettheneeds1.2.1原料粉碎粉碎是一种纯机械加工过程，原料通过粉碎可以增大比表面积，使内含物与介质水和生物催化剂酶接触面积增大，加速物料内含物的溶解和分解。麦芽粉碎方法分为三种，即干法粉碎、增湿粉碎和湿法粉碎。干法粉碎是一种传统的并且一直延续至今的粉碎方法，而增湿粉碎和湿法粉碎被越来越多的厂家采用。1.2.2糖化糖化是麦芽内含物在酶的作用下继续溶解和分解的过程。麦芽及辅料粉碎物加水混合后，在不同的温度段保持一定的时间，使麦芽中的酶在最适的条件下充分作用相应的底物，使之分解并溶于水。原料及辅料粉碎物与水混合后的混合液称为“醪”（液），糖化后的醪液称为“糖化醪”，溶解于水的各种干物质（溶质）称为“浸出物”。浸出物由可发酵性和不可发酵性物质两部分组成，糖化过程应尽可能多地将麦芽干物质浸出来，并在酶的作用下进行适度的分解。1.2.3麦汁过滤糖化结束后，必须将糖化醪尽快地进行固液分离，即过滤，从而得到清亮的麦汁。固体部分称为“麦糟”，这是啤酒厂的主要副产物之一；液体部分为麦汁，是啤酒酵母发酵的基质。糖化醪过滤是以大麦皮壳为自然滤层，采用重力过滤器或加压过滤器将麦汁分离。分离麦汁的过程分两步：第一步是将糖化醪中的麦汁分离，这部分麦汁称为“头号麦汁”或“第一麦汁”，这个过程称为“头号麦汁过滤”；第二步是将残留在麦糟中的麦汁用热水洗出，洗出的麦汁称为“洗糟麦汁”或“第二麦汁”，这个过程称为“洗糟”。目的是去掉静置后筛板与槽底间的沉积物(开始时回流的混浊麦汁是由水、麦汁和筛底团块组成)。通过麦汁阀或泵的开关来完成，这样在麦汁区形成一个涡流，一起把槽底间的沉积物带出来。在预过滤（预喷）过程中，阀门的开启不得过大，以免产生过大的吸力，使糟层吸紧。1.2.4麦汁煮沸让我们看到了如何去做才叫坚定了理想信念，如何去做才算做到了奉献、坚守，做到了一名优秀共产党员应该做到的。rationalconcepttoallownetworkmoreinlinewiththeobjectivelawsofthefuturedevelopmentofthecity.1.5.2planningresearchareas:throughoutthecity,withanareaof13,000km2,cover2districtsand8countiesofthecity,includingdowntownandcitylevels.Planningrange:mainforCityCenterCity,areafor1268km2,NorthtocasesfieldXiang,andJinPingzhen,andGaoDianZhen,andhuangshazhen,andLiuhometownNorthTownshipterritories,EastNanXIZhen,andJiangnanEastTownshipterritories,Southtohorsehome,andsonghome,andLiZhuangZhen,andSouthwidetown,andZhaofieldStreetdoSouthadministrativeborder,Westtobaixizhen,anddishdamtown,andthoughtslopeXiangWestTownshipterritories.1.6planningtarget1.6.1GeneraltargetthisitemsresearchtowillYibincitybuiltYangtzeRiverupstreamchuanYunnanGuizhoucombinedDepartmentRegionalCenterCity,supportcityspaceoforderedexpandfortarget,referenceYibincityintegratedtrafficplanning(2014-2030years)andtheYibinCityCitygeneralplanning(2013-2030years)ofresearchresults,usingscience,andadvancedofnetworkresearchmethod,buildingmorelevel,andmoremodeoftracktrafficsystem,Meetatdifferentlevelsofthecity'srailtransportationneedsandqualityrequirements.1.6.2target1,refinedurbandevelopmentaxisofurbandevelopmentconcepts,judgments,rail-guideddowntownfromsolotogroup-developmentofthenetwork,fromoneCentertocentercitywithaxialdevelopment.2,networkplanningadaptedtoYibinCitystatusandfuturedevelopmentneeds,demonstratesrationalscaleofrailtransporttomeettheneeds1.2.4.1麦汁煮沸过程中的变化其作用1、蒸发多余的水分2、破坏酶的活性，终止生物化学变化，固定麦汁组成。3、麦汁灭菌4、浸出酒花中的有效成分5、使蛋白质变性凝固1.2.5麦汁冷却、凝固物分离及充氧经煮沸的麦汁要冷却到发酵温度，再冷却过程中分离凝固物，并通入无菌空气提供酵母生长繁殖所需的氧。凝固物是在麦汁煮沸过程中由于蛋白质变性凝固和多酚物质不断氧化聚合而形成的，根据析出的温度不同分为热凝固物和冷凝固物。1.2.6啤酒发酵啤酒发酵方法：啤酒发酵方法有上面发酵法和下面发酵法两种方法，一般都采用下面发酵法。传统的发酵过程一般分为两个阶段：主发酵和后发酵（贮酒）主发酵工艺分为：起泡期、高泡期和落泡期三个阶段。主发酵过程控制：①、温度的控制：控制不同的发酵温度有各自的优缺点，采用低温发酵，酵母在发酵过程中生成的副产物较少，使啤酒的口味较好，泡沫状况良好，但发酵时间长；采用高温发酵，酵母的发酵速度较快，发酵时间短，设备的利用率高，但生成副产物较多，啤酒口味较差。②、浓度的控制：麦汁浓度的变化受发酵温度和发酵时间的影响。发酵旺盛，降糖速度快，则可适当降低发酵温度和缩短最高温度的保持时间；反之，则应适当提高发酵温度或延长最高温度的保持时间。③、发酵时间的控制：发酵时间主要取决于发酵温度的变化，发酵温度高，则发酵时间短；发酵温度低，则发酵时间长。1.2.7啤酒过滤啤酒过滤是一个纯物理分离过程，利用过滤前后的压差将待过滤液体从一端推向另一端，穿过过滤介质，发酵液中悬浮的微小粒子被截留下来，滤出的啤让我们看到了如何去做才叫坚定了理想信念，如何去做才算做到了奉献、坚守，做到了一名优秀共产党员应该做到的。rationalconcepttoallownetworkmoreinlinewiththeobjectivelawsofthefuturedevelopmentofthecity.1.5.2planningresearchareas:throughoutthecity,withanareaof13,000km2,cover2districtsand8countiesofthecity,includingdowntownandcitylevels.Planningrange:mainforCityCenterCity,areafor1268km2,NorthtocasesfieldXiang,andJinPingzhen,andGaoDianZhen,andhuangshazhen,andLiuhometownNorthTownshipterritories,EastNanXIZhen,andJiangnanEastTownshipterritories,Southtohorsehome,andsonghome,andLiZhuangZhen,andSouthwidetown,andZhaofieldStreetdoSouthadministrativeborder,Westtobaixizhen,anddishdamtown,andthoughtslopeXiangWestTownshipterritories.1.6planningtarget1.6.1GeneraltargetthisitemsresearchtowillYibincitybuiltYangtzeRiverupstreamchuanYunnanGuizhoucombinedDepartmentRegionalCenterCity,supportcityspaceoforderedexpandfortarget,referenceYibincityintegratedtrafficplanning(2014-2030years)andtheYibinCityCitygeneralplanning(2013-2030years)ofresearchresults,usingscience,andadvancedofnetworkresearchmethod,buildingmorelevel,andmoremodeoftracktrafficsystem,Meetatdifferentlevelsofthecity'srailtransportationneedsandqualityrequirements.1.6.2target1,refinedurbandevelopmentaxisofurbandevelopmentconcepts,judgments,rail-guideddowntownfromsolotogroup-developmentofthenetwork,fromoneCentertocentercitywithaxialdevelopment.2,networkplanningadaptedtoYibinCitystatusandfuturedevelopmentneeds,demonstratesrationalscaleofrailtransporttomeettheneeds酒透明且有光泽。过滤介质将微小粒子甚至比介质孔隙小的粒子截留下来主要是通过筛分效应、深层效应和吸附效应实现的。二．生产所需设备序号设备名称设备规格备注1糊化锅100L用于加热煮沸大米或其他辅料粉和部分麦芽粉醪液，使淀粉糊化和液化的设备。2糖化锅200L用于麦芽粉淀粉及蛋白质的分解，并与已糊化的辅料醪混合，维持醪液在一定的温度，使醪液进行淀粉糖化，以制备麦汁。3过滤槽200L用于过滤糖化后的麦醪，使麦汁与麦糟分开，得到清亮麦芽汁的设备。4煮沸锅230L用于过滤后麦汁煮沸和加入酒花，使麦汁达到一定浓度的设备。5旋沉槽200L用于煮沸后热凝固物的分离。6冷却器用于发酵醪液的冷却，使醪液达到合适的发酵温度。7发酵罐200L用于啤酒发酵和部分冷凝固物的沉淀分离，在啤酒酵母参与下将可发酵性糖和氨基酸等分解成酒精。8硅藻土过滤机用于过滤未分离完全的杂质，保证啤酒的口味。9清酒罐200L贮酒附录：参考文献【1】逯家富.翁连海.徐亚杰.滕利荣小麦啤酒的生产工艺[期刊论文]-食品工业让我们看到了如何去做才叫坚定了理想信念，如何去做才算做到了奉献、坚守，做到了一名优秀共产党员应该做到的。rationalconcepttoallownetworkmoreinlinewiththeobjectivelawsofthefuturedevelopmentofthecity.1.5.2planningresearchareas:throughoutthecity,withanareaof13,000km2,cover2districtsand8countiesofthecity,includingdowntownandcitylevels.Planningrange:mainforCityCenterCity,areafor1268km2,NorthtocasesfieldXiang,andJinPingzhen,andGaoDianZhen,andhuangshazhen,andLiuhometownNorthTownshipterritories,EastNanXIZhen,andJiangnanEastTownshipterritories,Southtohorsehome,andsonghome,andLiZhuangZhen,andSouthwidetown,andZhaofieldStreetdoSouthadministrativeborder,Westtobaixizhen,anddishdamtown,andthoughtslopeXiangWestTownshipterritories.1.6planningtarget1.6.1GeneraltargetthisitemsresearchtowillYibincitybuiltYangtzeRiverupstreamchuanYunnanGuizhoucombinedDepartmentRegionalCenterCity,supportcityspaceoforderedexpandfortarget,referenceYibincityintegratedtrafficplanning(2014-2030years)andtheYibinCityCitygeneralplanning(2013-2030years)ofresearchresults,usingscience,andadvancedofnetworkresearchmethod,buildingmorelevel,andmoremodeoftracktrafficsystem,Meetatdifferentlevelsofthecity'srailtransportationneedsandqualityrequirements.1.6.2target1,refinedurbandevelopmentaxisofurbandevelopmentconcepts,judgments,rail-guideddowntownfromsolotogroup-developmentofthenetwork,fromoneCentertocentercitywithaxialdevelopment.2,networkplanningadaptedtoYibinCitystatusandfuturedevelopmentneeds,demonstratesrationalscaleofrailtransporttomeettheneeds科技2006(6)【2】董小雷.周广田.迟永卿.张文杰小麦啤酒的生产与研究[期刊论文]-酿酒科技2004(5)【3】史经略蓝莓啤酒的研制[期刊论文]-中国酿造2009(1)让我们看到了如何去做才叫坚定了理想信念，如何去做才算做到了奉献、坚守，做到了一名优秀共产党员应该做到的。rationalconcepttoallownetworkmoreinlinewiththeobjectivelawsofthefuturedevelopmentofthecity.1.5.2planningresearchareas:throughoutthecity,withanareaof13,000km2,cover2districtsand8countiesofthecity,includingdowntownandcitylevels.Planningrange:mainforCityCenterCity,areafor1268km2,NorthtocasesfieldXiang,andJinPingzhen,andGaoDianZhen,andhuangshazhen,andLiuhometownNorthTownshipterritories,EastNanXIZhen,andJiangnanEastTownshipterritories,Southtohorsehome,andsonghome,andLiZhuangZhen,andSouthwidetown,andZhaofieldStreetdoSouthadministrativeborder,Westtobaixizhen,anddishdamtown,andthoughtslopeXiangWestTownshipterritories.1.6planningtarget1.6.1GeneraltargetthisitemsresearchtowillYibincitybuiltYangtzeRiverupstreamchuanYunnanGuizhoucombinedDepartmentRegionalCenterCity,supportcityspaceoforderedexpandfortarget,referenceYibincityintegratedtrafficplanning(2014-2030years)andtheYibinCityCitygeneralplanning(2013-2030years)ofresearchresults,usingscience,andadvancedofnetworkresearchmethod,buildingmorelevel,andmoremodeoftracktrafficsystem,Meetatdifferentlevelsofthecity'srailtransportationneedsandqualityrequirements.1.6.2target1,refinedurbandevelopmentaxisofurbandevelopmentconcepts,judgments,rail-guideddowntownfromsolotogroup-developmentofthenetwork,fromoneCentertocentercitywithaxialdevelopment.2,networkplanningadaptedtoYibinCitystatusandfuturedevelopmentneeds,demonstratesrationalscaleofrailtransporttomeettheneeds",)