2019年大学英语四级真题试卷及答案

('2019年6月大学英语四级真题及答案(第一套)PartIWriting(25minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanadvertisementonyourcampuswebsitetosellacomputeryouusedatcollege.Youradvertisementmayincludeitsbrand,specifications/features,conditionandprice,andyourcontactshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)！SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandquestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearquestions,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。Questions1to2arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A)Themaninthecarwasabsent-minded.B)Thetestdrivermadeawrongjudgement.C)Theself-drivingsystemwasfaulty.D)Thecarwasmovingatafastspeed.%2.A)Theyhavedonebetterthanconventionalcars.B)Theyhavecausedseveralseverecrashes.C)Theyhaveposedathreattootherdrivers.D)Theyhavegenerallydonequitewell.Questions3to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.3.A)Heworksatanationalpark.]B)Heisaqueenbeenspecialist.C)Heremovedthebeyondfromtheboot.D)Hedrovethebeesawayfromhiscar.4.A)TheywerelookingafterthequeenB)TheyweremakingalotofnoiseC)TheywerelookingforanewboxtoliveinD)Theyweredancinginauniqueway~Questions5to7arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A)ThediscoveryofanewspeciesofsnakeB)ThesecondtriptoasmallremoteislandC)Thefindingof2newspeciesoffrogD)Thelatesttestonrareanimalspecies6.A)Apoisonoussnakeattackedhimonhisfieldtrip】B)HediscoveredararefogonadesertedC)AsnakecrawledontohisheadinhissleepD)Hefellfromatallpalmtreebyaccident7.A)FromitsgenesB)FromitslengthC)FromitsoriginD)Fromitscolour、SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)ThesecuritychecktakestimeB)Hehastocheckalotofluggage、C)Hisflightisleavinginlessthan2hoursD)Theairportisalongwayfromthehotel9.A)IncashB)BycreditcardC)Withatraveler’scheckD)Withhissmartphone10.A)Givehimareceipt\'B)ConfirmhisflightC)LookafterhisluggageD)Findaporterforhim11.A)SigningupformembershipofSHotelB)StayinginthesamehotelnexttimehecomesC)LoadingherluggageontotheairportshuttleD)Postingacommentonthehotel’swebpage—Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)HeistheonlyboyinhisfamilyB)HebecomestearfulinwindC)HehasstoppedmakingterriblefacesD)Heishisteacher\'sfavoritestudent13.A)Tellhimtoplayinherbackyard》B)DosomethingfunnytoamusehimC)GivehimsomecherrystonestoplaywithD)Warnhimofdangerbymakingupastory14.A)Theycouldbreakpp\'slegsB)TheycouldsometimesterrifyadultsC)TheycouldflyagainstastrongwindD)Theycouldknockppunconscious,15.A)OnewouldgetaspotontheirtonguesiftheytoldaliedeliberatelyB)OnewouldhavetoshavetheirheadtoremoveabatintheirhairC)OnewouldgotoprisoniftheyputastamponupsidedownD)OnewouldhavecurlyhairiftheyatetoomuchstalebreadSectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassagesoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.】Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Everythingseemedtobechanging.B)Peoplewereformalanddisciplined.C)Peoplewereexcitedtogotravellingoverseas.D)ThingsfromtheVictorianeracamebackalive.17.A)WatchingTVathome.B)Meetingpeople.（C)Drinkingcoffee.D)Tryingnewfoods.18.A)Hewasinterestedinstylishdresses.B)Hewasabletotakealotofmoney.C)Hewasastudentinthe1960s.D)Hewasamanfullofimagination.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.@20.A)Theyavoidlookingatthem.B)Theyrunawayimmediately.C)Theyshowangerontheirfaces.D)Theymakethreateningsounds.20.A)Itturnstoitsownerforhelp.B)Itturnsawaytoavoidconflict.C)Itlooksawayandgetsangry,too.）D)Itfocusesitseyesontheirmouths.21.A)Byobservingtheirfacialfeaturescarefully.B)Byfocusingonaparticularbodymovement.C)Bytakingintheirfacialexpressionsasawhole.D)Byinterpretingdifferentemotionsindifferentways.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.（22.A)Theyhavetolookforfoodandshelterunderground.B)Theytakelittlenoticeofthechangesintemperature.C)Theyresorttodifferentmeanstosurvivethebittercold.D)Theyhavedifficultyadaptingtothechangedenvironment.23.A)Theyhavetheirweightreducedtominimum.B)Theyconsumetheenergystoredbeforethelongsleep.￥C)Theycanmaintaintheirheartbeatatthenormalrate.D)Theycankeeptheirbodytemperaturewarmandstable.24.A)Bystayinginhidingplacesandeatingverylittle.B)Byseekingfoodandshelterinpeople’shouses.C)Bygrowingthickerhairtostaywarm.D)Bystoringenoughfoodbeforehand.【25.A)Tostaysafe.B)Tosaveenergy.C)Tokeepcompany.D)Toprotecttheyoung.PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices,Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce."Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Themethodformakingbeerhaschangedovertime.Hops(啤酒花)，forexample,whichgivemanyamodembeeritsbitterflavor,area(26)_______recentadditiontothebeverage.Thiswasfirstmentionedinreferencetobrewingintheninthcentury.Now,researchershavefounda(27)_______ingredientinresidue(残留物）from5,000-year-oldbeerbrewingequipment.WhilediggingtwopitsatasiteinthecentralplainsofChina,scientistsdiscoveredfragmentsfrompotsandvessels.Thedifferentshapesofthecontainers(28)_______theywereusedtobrew,filter,andstorebeer.Theymaybeancient“beer-makingtools,”andtheearliest(29_______evidenceofbeerbrewinginChina,theresearchersreportedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.To(30)_______thattheory,theteamexaminedtheyellowish,dried(31)_______insidethevessels.Themajorityofthegrains,about80%,werefromcerealcropslikebarley(大麦),andabout10%werebitsofroots,(32)_______lily,whichwouldhavemadethebeersweeter,thescientistssay.Barleywasanunexpectedfind:thecropwasdomesticatedinWesternEurasiaanddidn\'tbecomea(33)_______foodincentralChinauntilabout2,000yearsago,accordingtotheresearchers.Basedonthattiming,theyindicatebarleymayhave(34)_______intheregionnotasfood,butas(35)_______materialforbeerbrewing.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A)ArrivedB)C)B)consumingD)C)directE)D)exclusivelyE)includingF)informG)rawH)reachedI)relatively（J)remainsK)resourcesL)stapleM)suggestN)surprisingO)testSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheBlessingandCurseofthePeopleWhoNeverForgetAhandfulofpeoplecanrecallalmosteverydayoftheirlivesinenormousdetail—andafteryearsofresearch,neuroscientists(神经科学专家)arefinallybeginningtounderstandhowtheydoit.[A]Formostofus,memoryisamessofblurredandfadedpicturesofourlives.Asmuchaswewouldliketoclingontoourpast,eventhesaddestmomentscanbewashedawaywithtime.[B]AskNimaVeisehwhathewasdoingforanydayinthepast15years,however,andhewillgiveyouthedetailsoftheweather,whathewaswearing,orevenwhatsideofthetrainhewassittingonhisjourneytowork.“Mymemoryislikealibraryofvideotapes,walk-throughsofeverydayofmylifefromwakingtosleeping,”heexplains.[C]Veisehcanevenputadateonwhenthosetapesstartedrecording:15December2000,whenhemethisfirstgirlfriendathisbestfriend\'s16thbirthdayparty.Hehadalwayshadagoodmemory,butthethrillofyoungloveseemstohaveshiftedagearinhismind:fromnowon,hewouldstartrecordinghiswholelifeindetail.“Icouldtellyoueverythingabouteverydayafterthat.”~[D]Needlesstosay,peoplelikeVeisehareofgreatinteresttoneuroscientistshopingtounderstandthewaythebrainrecordsourlives.Acoupleofrecentpapershavefinallyopenedawindowonthesepeople’sextraordinaryminds.Andsuchresearchmightevensuggestwaysforusalltoreliveourpastwithgreaterclarity.[E]“Highlysuperiorautobiographicalmemory”（orHSAMforshort)firstcametolightintheearly2000s,withayoungwomannamedJillPrice.EmailingtheneuroscientistandmemoryresearcherJimMcGaughoneday,sheclaimedthatshecouldrecalleverydayofherlifesincetheageof12.Couldhehelpexplainherexperiences[F]McGaughinvitedhertohislab,andbegantotesther:hewouldgiveheradateandaskhertotellhimabouttheworldeventsonthatday.Truetoherword,shewascorrectalmosteverytime.[G]Itdidn’ttakelongformagazinesanddocumentaryfilm-makerstocometounderstandher“totalrecall”，andthanktothesubsequentmediainterest,afewdozenothersubjects(includingVeiseh)havesincecomeforwardandcontactedtheteamattheUniversityofCalifornia,Irvine.[H]Interestingly,theirmemoriesarehighlyself-centred:althoughtheycanremember“autobiographical”lifeeventsinextraordinarydetail,theyseemtobenobetterthanaverageatrecallingimpersonalinformation,suchasrandom(任意选取的）listsofwords.Noraretheynecessarilybetteratrememberingaroundofdrinks,say.Andalthoughtheirmemoriesarevast,theyarestilllikelytosufferfrom“falsememories”.Clearly,thereisnosuchthingasa“perfect”memory—theirextraordinarymindsarestillusingthesameflawedtoolsthattherestofusrelyon.Thequestionis,how[I]LawrencePatihisattheUniversityofSouthernMississippirecentlystudiedaround20peoplewithHSAMandfoundthattheyscoredparticularlyhighontwomeasures:fantasyproneness(倾向)andabsorption.Fantasypronenesscouldbeconsideredatendencytoimagineanddaydream,whereasabsorptionisthetendencytoallowyourmindtobecomefullyabsorbedinanactivitytopaycompleteattentiontothesensations(感受)andtheexperiences.“I’mextremelysensitivetosounds,smellsandvisualdetail,”explainsNicoleDonohue,whohastakenpartinmanyofthesestudies.“Idefinitelyfeelthingsmorestronglythantheaverageperson.”[J]Theabsorptionhelpsthemtoestablishstrongfoundationsforrecollection,saysPatihis,andthefantasypronenessmeansthattheyrevisitthosememoriesagainandagaininthecomingweeksandmonths.Eachtimethisinitialmemorytraceis“replayed”,itbecomesevenstronger.Insomeways,youprobablygothroughthatprocessafterabigeventlikeyourweddingday,butthedifferenceisthatthankstotheirotherpsychologicaltendencies,theHSAMsubjectsaredoingitdayin,dayout,forthewholeoftheirlives.[K]NoteveryonewithatendencytofantasisewilldevelopHSAM,though,soPatihissuggeststhatsomethingmusthavecausedthemtothinksomuchabouttheirpast.“Maybesomeexperienceintheirchildhoodmeantthattheybecameobsessed(着迷）withcalendarsandwhathappenedtothem,”saysPatihis.》[L]ThepeoplewithHSAMI’veinterviewedwouldcertainlyagreethatitcanbeamixedblessing.Ontheplusside,itallowsyoutorelivethemosttransformativeandenrichingexperiences.Veiseh,forinstance,travelledalotinhisyouth.Inhissparetime,hevisitedthelocalartgalleries,andthepaintingsarenowlodgeddeepinhisautobiographicalmemories.[M]“Imaginebeingabletoremembereverypainting,oneverywall,ineverygalleryspace,betweennearly40countries”，hesays.“That’sabigeducationinartbyitself.”Withthiscomprehensiveknowledgeofthehistoryofart,hehassincebecomeaprofessionalpainter.[N]Donohue,nowahistoryteacher,agreesthatithelpedduringcertainpartsofhereducation.“IcandefinitelyrememberwhatIlearnedoncertaindaysatschool.Icouldimaginewhattheteacherwassayingorwhatitlookedlikeinthebook.”[O]NoteveryonewithHSAMhasexperiencedthesebenefits,however.Viewingthepastinhighdefinitioncanmakeitverydifficulttogetoverpainandregret.“Itcanbeveryhardtoforgetembarrassingmoments,”saysDonohue.“Youfeelthesameemotions—itisjustasraw,justasfresh...Youcan’tturnoffthatstreamofmemories,nomatterhowhardyoutry.”Veisehagrees.“Itislikehavingtheseopenwounds—theyarejustapartofyou,”hesays.[P]Thismeanstheyoftenhavetomakeaspecialefforttolaythepasttorest.Bill,forinstance,oftengetspainful“flashbacks”，inwhichunwantedmemoriesintrudeintohisconsciousness,butoverallhehaschosentoseeitasthebestwayofavoidingrepeatingthesamemistakes.“Somepeopleareabsorbedinthepastbutnotopentonewmemories,butthat’snotthecaseforme.Ilookforwardtoeachdayandexperiencingsomethingnew.”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。withHSAMhavethesamememoryasordinarypeoplewhenitcomestoimpersonalinformation.pronenesswillnotnecessarilycausepeopletodevelopHSAM.…begantorememberthedetailsofhiseverydayexperiencesafterhemethisfirstyounglove.morepeoplewithHSAMstartedtocontactresearchersduetothemassmedia.withHSAMoftenhavetomakeeffortstoavoidfocusingonthepast.peopledonothaveclearmemoriesofpastevents.canbebothacurseandablessing.youngwomansoughtexplanationfromabrainscientistwhenshenoticedherunusualmemory.peoplewithHSAMfinditveryhardtogetridofunpleasantmemories.recentstudyofpeoplewithHSAMrevealsthattheyareliabletofantasyandfullabsorptioninanactivity.·SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thephrasealmostcompletesitself:midlifecrisis.It’sthestageinthemiddleofthejourneywhenpeoplefeelyouthvanishing,theirprospectsnarrowinganddeathapproaching.There’sonlyoneproblemwiththecliche(套话).Itisn’ttrue.“Infact,thereisalmostnohardevidenceformidlifecrisisotherthanafewsmallpilotstudiesconducteddecadesago,”BarbaraHagertywritesinhernewbook,LifeReimagined.Thevastbulkoftheresearchshowsthattheremaybeapause,orashiftingofgearsinthe40sor50s,butthisshift“canbeexciting,ratherthanterrifying”.BarbaraHagertylooksatsomeofthefeaturesofpeoplewhoturnmidlifeintoarebirth.Theybreakroutines,because“autopilotisdeath”.Theychoosepurposeoverhappiness一havingaclearsenseofpurposeevenreducestheriskofAlzheimer’sdisease.Theygiveprioritytorelationships,ascareersoftenrecede(逐渐淡化).￥LifeReimaginedpaintsapictureofmiddleagethatisfarfromgloomy.Midlifeseemslikethesecondbigphaseofdecision-making.Youridentityhasbeenformed;you’vebuiltupyourresources;andnowyouhavethechancetotakethebigriskspreciselybecauseyourfoundationisalreadysecure.KarlBarthdescribedmidlifepreciselythisway.Atmiddleage,hewrote,“thesowingisbehind;nowisthetimetoreap.Therunhasbeentaken;nowisthetimetoleap.Preparationhasbeenmade;nowisthetimefortheventureoftheworkitself.”Themiddle-agedperson,Barthcontinued,canseedeathinthedistance,butmoveswitha“measuredhaste”togetbignewthingsdonewhilethereisstilltime.WhatBarthwrotedecadesagoiseventruertoday.Peoplearehealthyandenergeticlonger.Wehavepresidentialcandidatesrunningfortheirfirstterminofficeatage68,69and74.Alongerlifespanischangingthenarrativestructureoflifeitself.Whatcouldhavebeenconsideredthebeginningofadescentisnowapotentialturningpoint—theturningpointyouaremostequippedtotakefulladvantageof.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。46.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthephrase“midlifecrisis”A)Ithasledtoalotofdebate.B)Itiswidelyacknowledged.C)Itisnolongerfashionable.D)Itmisrepresentsreallife.{doesBarbaraHagertyviewmidlifeA)Itmaybethebeginningofacrisis.B)Itcanbeanewphaseofone’slife.C)Itcanbeterrifyingfortheunprepared.D)Itmayseeold-agediseasesapproaching.ismidlifepicturedinthebookLifeReimagined）A)Itcanbequiterose.B)Itcanbeburdensome.C)Itundergoesradicaltransformation.D)Itmakesforthebestpartofone’slife.toKarlBarth,midlifeisthetime_______.A)torelaxB)tomatureC)toharvestD)toreflect#doestheauthorsayaboutmidlifetodayA)Itismoremeaningfulthanotherstagesoflife.B)Itislikelytochangethenarrativeofone’slife,C)Itismoreimportanttothosewithalongerlifespan.D)Itislikelytobeacriticalturningpointinone’slife.PassageTwo·Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inspring,chickensstartlayingagain,bringingawelcomesourceofproteinatwinter’send.Soit’snosurprisethatculturesaroundtheworldcelebratespringbyhonoringtheegg.Sometraditionsaresimple,liketheredeggsthatgetbakedintoGreekEasterbreads.Otherselevatetheeggintoafancyart,liketheheavilyjewel-covered“eggs”thatwerefavoredbytheRussiansstartinginthe19thcentury.OneancientformofeggartcomestousfromUkraine.Forcenturies,Ukrainianshavebeendrawingcomplicatedpatternsoneggs.Contemporaryartistshavefollowedthistraditiontocreateeggsthatspeaktotheanxietiesofourage:Lifeisprecious,anddelicate.Eggsare,too.“There’ssomethingabouttheirdelicatenaturethatappealstome,”saysNewYorkercartoonistRozChast.Severalyearsago,shebecameinterestedineggsandlearnedthetraditionalUkrainiantechniquetodrawherverymodemcharacters.“I’vebrokeneggsateverystageoftheprocess—fromtheverybeginningtothevery,veryend.”Butthere’sanappealinthatvulnerability.“There’spartofthissickeninghorrorofknowingyou’rewalkingontheedgewiththis,thatIkindoflike,knowingthatitcouldallfallapartatanysecond.”Chast’sdesigns,suchasaworriedmanaloneinatinyrowboat,reflectthatdelicateness.TraditionalUkrainiandecoratedeggsalsospoketothosefears.Theelaboratepatternswerebelievedtoofferprotectionagainstevil.“There’sanancientlegendthataslongastheseeggsaremade,evilwillnotprevailintheworld,”saysJoanBrander,aCanadianegg-painterwhohasbeenpaintingeggsforover60years,havinglearnedtheartfromherUkrainianrelatives.)Thetradition,datingbackto300.,waslaterincorporatedintotheChristianchurch.Theoldsymbols,however,stillendure.Adecoratedeggwithabirdonit,giventoayoungmarriedcouple,isawishforchildren.Adecoratedeggthrownintothefieldwouldbeawishforagoodharvest.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。dopeopleinmanyculturesprizetheeggA)Itisawelcomesignofthecomingofspring.B)Itistheirmajorsourceofproteininwinter.C)Itcaneasilybemadeintoaworkofart.D)Itcanbringwealthandhonortothem.[dowelearnaboutthedecorated“eggs”inRussiaA)Theyareshapedlikejewelcases.B)Theyarecherishedbytherich.C)Theyareheavilypaintedinred.D)Theyarefavoredasaformofart.havecontemporaryartistscontinuedtheeggarttraditionA)Eggsserveasanenduringsymbolofnewlife.·B)Eggshaveanovalshapeappealingtoartists.C)Eggsreflecttheanxietiesofpeopletoday.D)Eggsprovideauniquesurfacetopainton.doesChastenjoytheprocessofdecoratingeggsA)Sheneverknowsiftheeggwillbreakbeforethedesigniscompleted.B)Shecanaddmultipledetailstothedesigntocommunicateheridea.C)Shealwaysderivesgreatpleasurefromdesigningsomethingnew.@D)Sheisneversurewhatthefinaldesignwilllooklikeuntiltheend.dowelearnfromthepassageaboutegg-paintingA)ItoriginatedintheeasternpartofEurope.B)Ithasahistoryofovertwothousandyears.C)Itisthemosttime-honoredformoffancyart.D)Itisespeciallyfavoredasachurchdecoration.$PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.在珠江是华南一大河系，流经广州市，是中国第三长的河流，仅次于长江和黄河。珠江三角洲(delta)是中国最发达的地区之一，面积约11，000平方公里。它在面积和人口方面也是世界上最大的城市聚集区。珠江三角洲九个最大城市共有5700多万人口。上世纪70年代末中国改革开放以来，珠江三角洲已成为中国和世界主要经济区域和制造中心之一。注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。快速对答案、12345678》910111213141516—17181920212223BDABACD~CBADCDAB/ABCADCCB262728293031%3233343536373839，4041424344454647、48INMCO:JELAGHKC《GPALEOID^BA51525354\'55-】ADC《AB&·翻译第一套答案：珠江是华南第一大河系，流经广州市，是中国第三长的河流，仅次于长江和黄河。》ThePearlRiver,thelargestriversystemofsouthernChinathatflowsthroughGuangzhou,isthethirdlongestriverinChina,onlysecondtotheYangtzeRiverandtheYellowRiver.珠江三角洲是中国最发达的地区之一，面积约为11000平方公里。ThePearlRiverDeltaisoneofthemostdevelopedregionsinChinawithanareaofabout11,000squarekilometers.它在面积和人口方面也是世界上最大的城市聚集区。Itisalsothegreatesturbanareasinbothsizeandpopulationallovertheworld.珠江三角洲九个最大城市共有5,700多万人口。上世纪70年代末中国改革开放以来，珠江三角洲已成为中国和世界主要经济区域和制造中心之一。TheninelargestcitiesofthePearlRiverDeltatotallyhaveapopulationofmorethan57million.SincetheChinesereformandopeningupinthelate1970s,thePearlRiverDeltahasbecomeoneofthemajoreconomicregionsandmanufacturingcentersinChinaandtheworld.2017年6月大学英语四级真题及答案,(第二套)PartIWriting(25minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanadvertisementonyourcampuswebsitetosellabicycleyouusedatcollege.Youradvertisementmayincludeitsbrand,features,conditionandprice,andyourcontactinformation.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)【SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandquestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearquestions,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。Questions1to2arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A)Themajorityofdriversprefertodriveandparkthemselves.B)Humandriversbecomeeasilydistractedortiredwhiledriving.C)Mostdriversfeeluncertainaboutthesafetyofself-drivingcars.D)Mostdrivershavetestdrivencarswithautomaticbrakingfeatures.\\2.A)Theirdriverswouldfeelsafeaftergettingusedtotheautomaticdevices.B)Theywouldbeunpopularwithdriverswhoonlytrusttheirownskills.C)Theirincreasedcomfortlevelshaveboostedtheirsales.D)Theyarenotactuallyassafeasautomakersadvertise.Questions3to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.3.A)TheftsofsnowmobiledogsinAlaska.;B)Aseriesofinjuriestosnowmobiledrivers.C)AttacksonsomeIditarodRacecompetitors.D)AseriousaccidentintheAlaskasportsevent.4.A)Hestayedbehindtolookafterhisinjureddogs.B)HehaswontheAlaskaIditarodRacefourtimes.C)HereceivedaminorinjuryintheIditarodRace.D)HehasquitthecompetitioninAlaskaforgood.！Questions5to7arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A)Itsankintotheseaduetooverloading.B)ItranintoNicaragua’sBigCornIsland.C)Itdisappearedbetweentwolargeislands.D)Itturnedoverbecauseofstrongwinds.6.A)13.B)25.C)30.D)32.[7.A)Hehashelpedwiththerescueeffort.B)Heisbeinginvestigatedbythepolice.C)Hewasdrownedwiththepassengers.D)Heisamongthosepeoplemissing.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.：Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)Atashoppingcentre.B)Atacommunitycollege.C)Atanaccountancyfirm.D)AtanITcompany.9.A)Helpingoutwithdatainput.B)Arranginginterviews.C)Sortingapplicationforms.D)Makingphonecalls.)10.A)Heenjoysusingcomputers.B)Heneedsthemoneybadly.C)Hewantstoworkinthecitycentre.D)Hehasrelevantworkingexperience.11.A)Purchasesomebusinesssuits.B)Learnsomecomputerlanguage.C)Improvehisprogrammingskills.D)Reviewsomeaccountancyterms.）Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Theyarekeenonhightechnology.B)Theyarepoorattechnologyskills.C)TheyoftenlistentoNationalPublicRadio.D)Theyfeelsuperiorinscienceandtechnology.13.A)Japanese.B)Germans.;C)Poles.D)Americans.14.A)Emailing.B)Texting.C)Science.D)Literacy.15.A)Itisundergoingadrasticreform.B)Itlaysemphasisoncreativethinking.C)Ithasmuchroomforimprovement.~D)Itprioritizestrainingofpracticalskills.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassagesoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Theyhavesmallroots.B)Theygrowwhiteflowers.C)Theytastelikeapples.D)TheycomefromCentralAfrica.;17.A)Theyturnedfromwhitetopurpleincolor.B)Theybecamepopularontheworldmarket.C)Theybecameanimportantfoodforhumans.D)Theybegantolooklikemodern-daycarrots.18.A)Theywerefoundquitenutritious.B)Therewereseriousfoodshortages.C)Peoplediscoveredtheirmedicinalvalue.D)Farmmachineshelpedlowertheirprices.，Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)Shecouldupdateherfamilyanytimesheliked.B)ShecouldcallupherfamilywhenevershelikedC)Shecouldlocateherfriendswherevertheywere.D)Shecoulddownloadasmanypicturesassheliked.20.A)Shelikedtoinformherfriendsabouthersuccess.!B)Sheenjoyedreadingherfriends’statusupdates.C)Shefeltquitepopularamongthem.D)Shefeltshewasateenageragain.21.A)Shecouldbarelyrespondtoallher500Facebookfriends.B)Shespentmoretimeupdatingherfriendsthanherfamily.C)ShecouldbarelybalanceFacebookupdatesandherwork.D)Shedidn’tseemtobedoingaswellasherFacebookfriends./Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)Theyhavestrongmuscles.B)Theylivealongerlifethanhorses.C)Theyeatmuchlessinwinter.D)Theycanworklongerthandonkeys.]23.A)ItwasapetofaSpanishking.B)ItwasboughtbyGeorgeWashington.C)ItwasbroughtoverfromSpain.D)Itwasdonatedbya.Ambassador.24.A)Theymetandexchangedideasonanimalbreeding.B)Theyparticipatedinamule-drivingcompetition.C)Theyshowedandtradedanimalsinthemarket.￥D)Theyfedmuleswiththebestfoodtheycouldfind.25.A)Thewideruseofhorses.B)Thearrivaloftractors.C)Ashrinkinganimaltrade.D)Agrowingdonkeypopulation.PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)~SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices,Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.America’sInternetisfesterthaneverbefore,butpeoplestillcomplainabouttheirInternetbeingtooslow.NewYork’sAttorneyGeneral’soffice(26)_______aninvestigationinthefallintowhetherornotVerizon,CablevisionandTimeWarneraredeliveringbroadbandthat’sasfastastheproviders(27)_______itis.Earlierthismonth,theofficeaskedforthepublic’shelptomeasuretheirspeedresults,sayingconsumers(28)_______togetthespeedstheywerepromised.“Toomanyofusmaybepayingforonething,andgettinganother”，theAttorneyGeneralsaid.Iftheinvestigationuncoversanything,itwouldn’tbethefirsttimeatelecomprovidergotinto(29)_______overthebroadbandspeedsitpromisedanddeliveredcustomers.BackinJune,theFederalCommunicationsCommissionfinedAT&T$100millionover(30)_______thatthecarriersecretlyreducedwirelessspeedsaftercustomersconsumedacertainamountof(31)_______.Evenwhentheystayontherightsideofthelaw,Internetprovidersarousecustomers’angeroverbandwidthspeedandcost.Justthisweek,aninvestigationfoundthatmediaandtelecomgiantComcastis&themost(32)_______provider.Over10months,Comcastreceivednearly12,000customercomplaints,many(33)_______toitsmonthlydatacapandoverage(超过额度的）charges.SomeAmericansaregettingso(34)_______withInternetprovidersthey’rejustgivingup.ArecentstudyfoundthatthenumberofAmericanswithhigh-speedInternetathometoday(35)_______fellduringthelasttwoyears,and15%ofpeoplenowconsiderthemselvestobe“cord-cutters.”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A)accusationsB)actually%C)claimD)communicatingE)complainF)dataG)H)frustrateddeservedI)hatedJ)launched;K)relatingL)timesM)troubleN)usuallyO)worriedSectionB。Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.FromAccountanttoYogi:MakingaRadicalCareerChange[A]Atsomepoint,almostallofuswillexperienceaperiodofradicalprofessionalchange.Someofuswillseekitout;forothersitwillfeellikeanunwelcomeintrusionintootherwisestablecareers.Eitherway,wehavechoicesabouthowwerespondtoitwhenitcomes.[B]WerecentlycaughtupwithyogaentrepreneurLeahZaccaria,whoputherselfthroughthefireofchangetocompletelyreinventherself.Inhersearchtolivealifeofpurpose,Leahleftherhigh-payingaccountingjob,herhusband,andherhome,hitheprocess,shebuiltaradicallynewlifeandcareer.Sincethen,shehasfoundedtwoyogastudios,metanewlifepartner,andformedanewcommunityofpeople.Evenifyourpersonalreinventionislessdrastic,wethinktherearelessonsfromherexperiencethatapply.[C]WheredotheseedsofchangecomefromtheNativeAmericanIndianshaveasaying:“Payattentiontothewhisperssoyouwon’thavetohearthescreams.”Oftenthebestideasforbigchangescomefromunexpectedplaces—it’sjustamatteroftuningin.Greatleadersrecognizetheweaksignalsorslightsignsthatpointtobigchangestocome.Leahreflectsonatimeshelistenedtothewhispers:“Aboutthetimemydaughterwasfiveyearsold.Istartedhavingasensethat‘thisisn’tright.”’Shethenrealizedthatherlifenolongermatchedhervisionforit.[D]Upuntilthatpoint,Leahhadfollowedtraditionalmeasuresofsuccess.Aftergraduatingwithadegreeinbusinessandaccounting,shejoinedapublicaccountingfirm,married,boughtahouse,putlotsofstuffinit,andhadababy.“Ididwhateverybodyelsethoughtlookedsuccessful,”shesays.Leaheasilycouldhavefallenintoatrapoffeelingcontent;instead,herenergysparkedaperiodofexperimentationandrenewal.[E]Feelingtheneedtochange,Leahstartedplayingwithfuturepossibilitiesbyexploringherinterestsanddevelopingnewcapabilities.Firsttryingphysicalexerciseanddieting,shelostsomeweightanddiscoveredaninnerstrength.“1feltpowerfulbecause1brokethroughmyownlimitations,”sherecalls.)[F]However,itwasanotherinterestthatledLeahtoradicallyreinventherself.“Iremembersittingonabenchwithmyauntatayogastudio,’’shesaid,havingamomentofclarityrightthenandthere:Yogaissavingmylife.Yogaiswakingmeup.I’mnothappyandIwanttochangeandI’mdonewiththis.”InthatmomentofclarityLeahmadeanimportantleap,conqueringherinnerresistancetochangeandmakingafirmcommitmenttotakebiggersteps.[G]Creatingthefutureyouwantisaloteasierifyouarereadytoexploittheopportunitiesthatcomeyourway.WhenLeahmadethecommitmenttochange,sheprimedherselftonewopportunitiesshemayotherwisehaveoverlooked.Sherecalls:[H]OnedayamanIworkedwith,Ryan,whohadhisofficenexttomine,said,“Leah,let’sgolookatthisspaceonQueenAnne.”Heknewmyloveforyogaandhadseenaspaceclosetowherehelivedthathethoughtmightbegoodtoserveasayogastudio.AssoonasIsawthelocation,Iknewthiswasit.OfcourseIwasscared,yetIhadthisstrongsenseof“Ihavetodothis.”OnlyafewmonthslaterLeahopenedherfirstyogastudio,butsuccesswasnotinstant.[I]Creatingthefuturetakestime.That’swhyleaderscontinuetomanagethepresentwhilebuildingtowardthebigchangesofthefuture.Whenit’stimetomaketheleap,theytakeactionandimmediatelydropwhat’snolongerservingtheirpurpose.InitiallyLeahstayedwithheraccountingjobwhilestartinguptheyogastudiotomakeitallwork.[J]Soonafter,sheknewshehadtomakeaboldmovetofullycommittohernewfuture.Withintwoyears,Leahshedthesafetyofheraccountingjobandmadetheswitchcomplete.Suchdrasticchangeisnoteasy.[K]Steeringthroughchangeandfacingobstaclesbringsusfacetofacewithourfears.Leahreflectsononeincidentthattriggeredherfears,whenherinvestorsthreatenedtoshutherdown:“IwasprobablyupagainstthemostfearI’veeverhad”，shesays.“Ihadspenttwoyearscultivatingthiscommunity,andithadbecomesuccessfulveryfast,butwithinsixmonthsIwasfacingtheprospectoflosingitall.”[L]Sheconnectedwithhersenseofpurposeanddugdeep,cultivatingatremendoussenseofstrength.“IwasfeelingsointentionalandstrongthatIwasn’tgoingtoletfearjusttakeover.Iwasthinking,‘OK,guys,ifyouwanttotrytoshutmedown,shutmedown.’AndIknewitwasanegotiationscheme,soIwasabletosaytomyself,‘Thisisnotreal.’”Bynamingherfearsandfacingthemhead-on,Leahgainedconfidence.Formostofus,lettinggoofthesafetyandsecurityofthepastgivesusgreatfear.Callingoutourfearsexplicitly,asLeahdid,canhelpusactdecisively.[M]Thecycleofrenewalneverends.Leah’sgrowthspurredhertoopenhersecondstudio—anditwasn’tforthemoney.；[N]Ihavenodesiretomakemillionsofdollars.It’snotaboutthat;it’saboutgrowthforme.Honestly,Ididn’tneedtoopenasecondstudio.IwasmakingasmuchmoneyasIwasasanaccountant.ButIknowifyoudon’tgrow,youstandstill,andthatdoesn’tworkforme.[O]Considerthecurrentmomentinyourownlife,yourteamoryourorganization.Whereareyouinthecycleofrenewal:Areyouactivelypreservingthepresent,orselectivelyforgettingthepast,orboldlycreatingthefutureWhatadvicewouldLeahgiveyoutomoveyouaheadonyourjourneyOncewe’reonthepathofgrowth,wecancontinuallymovethroughtheseasonsoftransformationandrenewal.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。36.Readinesstotakeadvantageofnewopportunitieswillmakeiteasiertocreateone’sdesiredfuture.37.Byconventionalstandards,Leahwasatypicalsuccessfulwomanbeforeshechangedhercareer.38.Leahgainedconfidencebylayingoutherfearsandconfrontingthemdirectly.39.Insearchofameaningfullife,Leahgaveupwhatshehadandsetupherownyogastudios.40Leah\'sinterestinyogapromptedhertomakeafirmdecisiontoreshapeherlife.；41.Smallsignsmayindicategreatchangestocomeandthereforemeritattention.42.Leah’sfirstyogastudiowasbynomeansanimmediatesuccess.43.Somepeopleregardprofessionalchangeasanunpleasantexperiencethatdisturbstheirstablecareers.44.TheworstfearLeaheverhadwastheprospectoflosingheryogabusiness.45.Assheexplorednewinterestsanddevelopednewpotentials，Leahfeltpowerfulinternally.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.；PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheUrbanization—migrationawayfromthesuburbstothecitycenter—willbethebiggestrealestatetrendin2015,accordingtoanewreport.ThereportsaysAmerica’surbanizationwillcontinuetobethemostsignificantissueaffectingtheindustry,ascitiesacrossthecountryimitatethewalkabilityandtransit-orienteddevelopmentmakingcitieslikeNewYorkandSanFranciscososuccessful.Assmallercitiescopythemodelofthese“24-hourcities’’，tfioreaffordableversionsoftheseplaceswillbecreated.Thereportreferstothisasthecomingofthe“18-hourcity，”，andusesthetermtorefertocitieslikeHouston,Austin,Charlotte,andNashville,whichare“positioningthemselvesashighlycompetitive,intermsoflivability,employmentofferings,andrecreationalandculturalfacilities.”Anothertrendthatlookssignificantin2015isthatAmerica’slargestpopulationgroup,Millennials(千禧一代)，willcontinuetoputoffbuyingahouse.ApartmentswillretaintheirappealforawhileforMillennials,hauntedbywhathappenedtohome-owningparents.Thistrendwillcontinueintothe2020s,thereportprojects.Afterthat,surveyrespondentsdisagreeoverwhetherthisgenerationwillfollowintheirparents，footsteps,movingtothesuburbstoraisefamilies,orwillchoosetoremaininthecitycenter.AnotherissueaffectingrealestateinthecomingyearwillbeAmerica’sfailinginfrastructure.Mostroads,bridges,transit,watersystems,theelectricgrid,andcommunicationsnetworkswereinstalled50to100yearsago,andtheyarelargelytakenforgranteduntiltheyfail.Thereport’swritersstatethatAmerica’sfailuretoinvestininfrastructureimpactsnotonlythehealthofthereal-estatemarket,butalsoourabilitytoremaingloballycompetitive.Apartfromthespecifictrendshighlightedabove,whichcausesomeinvestorstoworry,thereportportraysanoveralloptimismbornebytherecenthealthyreal-estate“upcycle”andimprovingeconomy.Seventy-fourpercentoftherespondentssurveyedreporta“goodtoexcellent”expectationofreal-estateprofitabilityin2015.Whileexcessiveoptimismcanpromotebadinvestmentpatterns,resultinginareal-estate“bubble,”thereport’swritersdownplaythatpotentialoutcomeinthatithasnotyetoccurred.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。46.Accordingtothenewreport,realestatedevelopmentin2015willwitness_______.A)anacceleratingspeedB)ashifttocitycentersC)anewfocusonsmallcitiesD)anever-increasingdemand47.Whatcharacterizes“24-hourcities”likeNewYork%A)Peoplecanlivewithoutprivatecars.B)Peoplearegenerallymorecompetitive.C)Peoplecanenjoyservicesaroundtheclock.D)Peopleareinharmonywiththeenvironment.48.WhyareMillennialsreluctanttobuyahouseA)Theycanonlyaffordsmallapartments.B)Thehousepricesarecurrentlytoohigh.》C)Theirparents\'badexperiencestillhauntsthem.D)Theyfeelattachedtothesuburbanenvironment.49.Whatmighthinderrealestatedevelopmentinthe.A)Thecontinuingeconomicrecessioninthecountry.B)Thelackofconfidenceonthepartofinvestors.C)Thefierceglobalcompetition.D)Theworseninginfrastructure.？50.Howdomostoftherespondentsinthesurveyfeelaboutthe.real-estatemarketin2015A)Pessimistic.B)Hopeful.C)Cautious.D)Uncertain.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thebrainisaseeminglyendlesslibrary,whoseshelveshouseourmostpreciousmemoriesaswellasourlifetime’sknowledge.Butisthereapointwhereitreachescapacity:Theanswerisno,becausebrainsaremoresophisticatedthanthat.Insteadofjustcrowdingin,oldinformationissometimespushedoutofthebrainfornewmemoriestoform.Previousbehaviouralstudieshaveshownthatlearningnewinformationcanleadtoforgetting.Butinanewstudy,researchersdemonstratedforthefirsttimehowthiseffectoccursinthebrain.Indailylife,forgettingactuallyhasclearadvantages.Imagine,forinstance,thatyoulostyourbankcard.Thenewcardyoureceivewillcomewithanewpersonalidentificatipnnumber(PIN).EachtimeyourememberthenewPIN,yougraduallyforgettheoldone.Thisprocessimprovesaccesstorelevantinformation,withoutoldmemoriesinterfering.Andmostofusmaysometimesfeelthefrustrationofhavingoldmemoriesinterferewithnew,relevantmemories.Considertryingtorememberwhereyouparkedyourcarinthesamecarparkyouwereataweekearlier.Thistypeofmemory(whereyouaretryingtoremembernew,butsimilarinformation)isparticularlyvulnerabletointerference.Whenweacquirenewinformation,thebrainautomaticallytriestoincorporate(合并)itwithinexistinginformationbyformingassociations.Andwhenweretrieve(检索)information,boththedesiredandassociatedbutirrelevantinformationisrecalled.,Themajorityofpreviousresearchhasfocusedonhowwelearnandremembernewinformation.Butcurrentstudiesarebeginningtoplacegreateremphasisontheconditionsunderwhichweforget,asitsimportancebeginstobemoreappreciated.Averysmallnumberofpeopleareabletorememberalmosteverydetailoftheirlife.Whileitmaysoundlikeanadvantagetomany,peoplewiththisrareconditionoftenfindtheirunusualabilityburdensome.Inasense,forgettingisourbrain’swayofsortingmemories,sothemostrelevantmemoriesarereadyforretrieval.Normalforgettingmayevenbeasafetymechanismtoensureourbraindoesn’tbecometoofull.》注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。51.WhathavepastbehaviouralstudiesfoundaboutourbrainA)Itscapacityactuallyknowsnolimits.B)Itgrowssophisticatedwithpractice.C)Itkeepsourmostpreciousmemoriesuntillife’send.D)Newinformationlearnedpushesoldinformationout.52.Whatisthebenefitofforgetting?A)Itfreesusfrompainfulmemories.B)Ithelpsslowdownouragingprocess.C)Itfacilitatesouraccesstorelevantinformation.D)Itpreventsoldinformationfromformingassociations.53.WhatistheemphasisofcurrentstudiesofmemoryA)Whenpeopletendtoforget.B)Whatcontributestoforgetting.;C)Hownewtechnologyhindersmemorycapacity.D)Whylearningandforgettingarccomplementary.54.WhatdopeoplefindabouttheirrareabilitytoremembereverydetailoftheirlifeA)Itaddstotheburdenoftheirmemory.B)Itmakestheirlifemorecomplicated.C)Itcontributestotheirsuccessinlife.D)Itconstitutesarareobjectofenvy.~55.WhatdoesthepassagesayaboutforgettingA)Itcanenlargeourbraincapacity.B)Ithelpsgetridofnegativememories.C)Itisawayoforganisingourmemories.D)Itshouldnotcauseanyalarminanyway.PartIVTranslation(30minutes)—Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.长江是亚洲最长、世界上第三长的河流。长江流经多种不同的生态系统，是诸多濒危物种的栖息地，灌溉了中国五分之一的土地。长江流域(riverbasin)居住着三分之一的人口。长江在中国历史、文化和经济上起着很大的作用。长江三角洲(delta)产出多达20%的中国国民生产总值。几千年来，长江一直被用于供水、运输和工业生产。长江上还坐落着世界最大的水电站。注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。参考答案@12345678^910111213141516—1718192021222324—25CACBDDB-CABDBADCC)Theywereencouragedbypsychologists.D)Theywereofferednicotinereplacements.53.HowdoesDr.GabrielaFerreiraviewtheresultofLindson-Hawley’sexperimentA)Itisidealized.B)Itisunexpected.C)Itisencouraging.D)Itismisleading.<54.Theideaof“amarathon”（Line2,Para.5)illustratesthepopularbeliefthatquittingsmokingA)issomethingfewcanaccomplishB)needssomepracticefirstC)requiresalotofpatienceD)isachallengeatthebeginning55.Whathappenswhenpeopletrytoquitsmokinggradually（A)Theyfinditevenmoredifficult.B)Theyaresimplyunabletomakeit.C)Theyshowfewerwithdrawalsymptoms.D)Theyfeelmuchlesspainintheprocess.PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.,黄河是亚洲第三、世界第六长的河流。“黄”这个字描述的是其河水浑浊的颜色。黄河发源于青海，流经九个省份，最后注入渤海。黄河是中国赖以生存的几条河流之一。黄河流域(riverbasin)是中国古代文明的诞生地，也是中国早期历史上最繁荣的地区。然而，由于极具破坏力的洪水频发，黄河曾造成多次灾害。在过去几十年里，政府采取了各种措施防止灾害发生。注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。参考答案2627【2829303132333435}3637383940414243}44454647484950O；IEGMDCJN?FHDBJGAF…EICABCAD…5152535455,（"BDCBA、！<翻译第三套答案：黄河是亚洲第三、世界第六长的河流。“黄”这个字描述的是其河水浑浊的颜色。黄河发源于青海，流经九个省份，最后注入渤海。黄河是中国赖以生存的几条河流之一。黄河流域（riverbasin）是中国古代文明的诞生地，也是中国早期历史上最繁荣的地区。然而，由于极具破坏力的洪水频发，黄河曾造成多次灾害。在过去几十年里，政府采取了各种措施防止灾害发生。TheYellowRiveristhethirdlongestinAsiaandthesixthlongestintheworld.Theword“yellow”describestheperennialcolorofthemuddywater.OriginatinginQinghaiprovince,theYellowRiverflowsthroughnineprovincesandfinallyemptiesintotheBohaiSea.ItisoneofseveralriversforChinatolivebasinwasthebirthplaceofancientChinesecivilizationandthemostprosperousregioninearlyChinesehistory.However,becauseoffrequentdevastatingfloods,theriverhascausedmanydisasters.Inthepastfewdecades,thegovernmenthastakenvariousmeasurestopreventdisasters.2017年6月英语四级考试真题及答案整理作文一】题目Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanadvertisementonyourcampuswebsitetosellacomputeryouusedatcollege.Youradvertisementmayincludeitsbrand,specifications/features,conditionandprice,andyourcontactinformation.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.参考范文ComputerforSaleAsIamabouttograduateandleavethecampus,Iamgoingtosellmypersonallaptopatalowprice.ItisaLenovoThinkPadthatIboughtinJune,2015.Itisnotbig,butveryfunctional.Ithasafour-coreCPU,anindependentdisplaycardof2G,aharddiskof500Gandascreenofinches.Forthelasttwoyears,thelaptophasservedasmyfaithfulaidandhelpedmefinishmostofmyassignmentsandmythesis.Therehasappearednofaultintheprocess.Iowesomuchtoit.Butasmyworkplacehasalreadyofferedmeamoreadvancedworkinglaptop,Ifindthereisnonecessityformetohavetwo.AndIknowthattheremustbesomeofmyschoolmateswhoaremoreinneedoftheThinkPad.Therefore,Ideterminedtosellit.Iboughtthelaptopasthepriceof3500yuan.NowIwillsellitat1500yuanorless.Anyoneinterestedcancontactmeviaemail,andmymailboxis.、作文二：Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanadvertisementonyourcampuswebsitetosellabicycleyouusedatcollege.Youradvertisementmayincludeitsbrand,specifications/features,conditionandprice,andyourcontactinformation.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.参考范文Aswetravelbybike,wewillseebeautifulsceneriestypicaloftheregion,meetandmakefriendswithdifferentpeopleandgettoknowthecustomofthelocalworkedhardthroughouttheweekdays,peoplewillfindaweekendtriptothenearbymountainsorbeachesarealrelaxation,ridingonthebikeisbestmyopinion,thebiggestadvantageoftravelingiswecanlearnmuchduringourtravelbybikeaboutthegeography,biology,andhistoryoftheplaceswevisit.Therefore,you’dbetterseizethechancetobuythisbikesoastogainsomethingmeaningful.作文三Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanadvertisementonyourcampuswebsitetosellabookyouusedatcollege.Youradvertisementmayincludeitsbrand,specifications/features,conditionandprice,andyourcontactinformation.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.参考范文：Buyingthesebooks,youcanreapthebenefitofseveralaspects.Foronething,youcansaveagreatamountofmoneyandthiswillallowyoutospendthesesavedmoneyonothermoresignificantthingsinthatthebooksIsoldherewithonlythehalfoftheoriginalprice.Foranother,thecontentofthesebookincludetranslation,writing,readingaswellaslisteningwhichwillbeadapttothestudentswhoaregoingtotaketheexamofCET-4orCET-6.Lastbutnottheleast,throughthepurchaseoftheseEnglishcoursebookswithnineintonewwithoutanynotesonthem,youwillimproveyourstudyskilltoagreatextent.！听力真题与原文答案（缺16-25题干）1.A.Themaninthecarwasabsent-mindedB.ThetestdrivermadeawrongjudgementC.Theself-drivingsystemwasfaultyD.Thecarwasmovingatafastspeed2.A.；B.TheyhavedonebetterthanconventionalC.TheyhavecausedseveralseverecrashesD.TheyhaveposedathreattootherdriversE.Theyhavegenerallydonequitewell3.A.HeworksatanationalparkB.HeisaqueenbeespecialistC.HeromovedtheBeyoncefromthebootD.~E.Hedrovethebeesawayfromhiscar4.A.TheywerelookingafterthequeenB.TheyweremakingalotofnoiseC.TheywerelookingforanewboxtoliveinD.Theyweredancinginauniqueway5.A.ThediscoveryofanewspeciesofsnakeB.—C.Thesecondtriptoasmallremoteisland.D.Thefindingof2newspeciesoffrogE.Thelatesttestonarareanimalapecies6.A.Apoisonoussnakeattackedhimonthisfieldtrip.B.HediscoveredararefogonadesertedislandC.Asnakecrawledontohisheadinhissleep.D.Hefellfromatallpalmtreebyaccident7.A.FromitsgenesB.FromitslengthC.FromitsoriginD.Fromitscolour8.A./B.Thesecuritychecktakestime.C.HehastocheckalotofluggageD.Hisflightisleavinginlessthan2hoursE.Theairportisalongwayfromthehotel9.A.IncashB.BycreditcardC.Withatraveler’scheckD./E.Withhissmartphone10.A.GivehimareceiptB.ConfirmhisflightC.LookafterhisluggageD.Findaporterforhim11.A.SigningupformembershipofSHotelB./C.StayinginthesamehotelnexttimehecomesD.LoadingherluggageontotheairportshuttleE.Postingacommentonthehotel’swebpage12.A.HeistheonlyboyinhisfamilyB.HebecomestearfulinwindC.HehasstoppedmakingterriblefacesD.Heishisteacher’sfavoritestudent…13.A.TellhimtoplayinherbackyardB.DosthfunnytoamusehimC.GivehimsomecherrystonestoplaywithD.Warnhimofdangerbymakingupastory14A.Theycouldbreakpp’slegsB.,C.TheycouldsometimesterrifyadultsD.TheycouldflyagainstastrongwindE.Theycouldknockppunconscious15.A.OnewouldgetaspotontheirtonguesiftheytoldaliedeliberatelyB.Onewouldhavetoshavetheirheadtoremoveabatintheirhair.C.OnewouldgotoprisoniftheyputastamponuosidedownD.Onewouldhavecurlyhairiftheyatetoomuchstalebread~16一.新闻听力【NewsReport1】OneofGoogle\'sself-drivingcarscrashedintoabusinCalifornialastmonth.Therewerenoinjuries.ItisnotthefirsttimeoneofGoogle\'sfamedself-drivingcarshasbeeninvolvedinacrash,butitmaybethefirsttimeithascausedone.OnFebruary14ththeself-drivingcar,travellingat2mph(3km/h),pulledoutinfrontofapublicbusgoing15mph(24km/h).ThemanintheGooglevehiclereportedthatheassumedthebuswouldslowdowntoletthecarout,andsohedidnotswitchtothemanualmode.】Inastatement,Googlesaid:"Weclearlybearsomeresponsibility,becauseifourcarhadn\'tmoved,therewouldn\'thavebeenacrash."Thatsaid,ourtestdriverbelievedthebuswasgoingtosloworstoptoallowustomergeintothetraffic,andthattherewouldbesufficientspacetodothat."Thecompany\'sself-drivingcarshavedonewelloveramillionmilesacrossvariousstatesintheUS,anduntilnowhaveonlyreportedminoraccidents.Q1:AccordingtoGoogle,whatwasthecauseoftheaccidentBThetestdrivermadeawrongjudgement解析：根据新闻第一句话，这篇新闻主要报道的是谷歌无人自动驾驶汽车与一辆公交车发生碰撞这一事故。根据原文“ThemanintheGooglevehiclereportedthatheassumedthebuswouldslowdowntoletthecarout,andsohedidnotswitchtothemanualmode.”选项B是正确选项，是对原文的同义替换，题目较难。Q2:HowhaveGoogle’sself-drivingcarsperformedsofarDTheyhavegenerallydonequitewell.；解析：根据原文“Thecompany\'sself-drivingcarshavedonewelloveramillionmilesacrossvariousstatesintheUS,anduntilnowhaveonlyreportedminoraccidents.”选项D是对原文的同义替换。题目相对较难。【NewsReport2】Thousandsofbeesleftatownafterlandingonthebackofacarwhentheirqueengotstuckinitsboot.TomMoseswhoworksatanearbynationalpark,noticeda“brownpatch”onthebackofthecaraftertheownerparkedittodosomeshopping.Whenhelookedcloserherealizeditwasahugegroupofbees.Mosessaid:“Ihaveneverseenthatmanybeesinonespot.Itwasveryunusual.Theywereveryclosetogetherandtherewasalotofnoiseandmovements,itwasinterestingtoseesuchastrangesight.ButtherewerealotofpeoplearoundandIwasabitworriedaboutthebeesandthepeoplestoppingtolook.Ithoughtthatsomeonemightdosomethingstupid.Mosescalledtwolocalbeesspecialistswhohelpedremovedthebeesbyattractingthemintoabox.Mosesspentthreehourslookingafterthebeesandwasstungfivetimes,hesaidmystingsareabitpainfulbutIampleasedthatallworkedoutandIcouldhelp,peopleneedtorealizethatbeesarevaluableandtheyshouldbelookedafter.Q3.WhatdowelearnaboutTomMosesAHeworksatanationalpark.@Q4.WhatdoweknowaboutthebeesonthebackofthecarBTheyweremakingalotofnoise.【Newsreport3】AnewspeciesofsnakehasbeendiscoveredonaremoteislandintheBahamas.Scientistsidentified20oftheonemeter-longsnakesduringtwotripstotheCaribbeanislands.ThesecondtripwasmadeinOctoberlastyear.Oneofthecreaturesmadeadramaticappearancebymovingontotheheadoftheteamleaderasheslept.Thesnakehasbeennamedsilverboabecauseitismetalliccoloredandthefirstspecimenfoundwasclimbingasilverpalmtree.TheteamwasledbyDr.GrahamReynolds,fromHarvardUniversity,thescientistconfirmedthesnakewasapreviouslyunknownspeciesafterconductingageneticanalysisoftissuesamples.]Commentingonthefind,snakeexpertRobertHendersonfromtheMuseumofNaturalHistory,said:“Worldwidenewspeciesoffrogsarebeingdiscoveredanddescribedquiteregularity.Newspeciesofsnakes,however,aremuchrarer.Q5.WhatisthenewsreportmainlyaboutAThediscoveryofanewspeciesofsnake.Q6.WhatdowelearnaboutthescientificteamleaderCAsnakecrawledontohisheadinhissleep.Q7.HowdidthenewlydiscoveredcreaturegetitsnameDFromitscolour.二.对话听力`【Conversation1】W:Didyouenjoyyourstaywithus,Mr.BrownM:Yes,verymuch.Ihadawonderfultimehere.NowI\'mgoingtotheairport.Myflightleavesinlessthan2hours.So,couldyoutellme,what\'sthequickestwaytogetthereW:Well,wecancallataxiforyou.Wealsohaveafreeairportshuttleservice.M:Thatsoundsgreat,butwilltheshuttlegetmetotheairportintimeW:Yes,itshould.Thenextshuttleleavesin15minutes.Andittakessome25minutestogettotheairport.M:Fantastic!I\'lljustwaitinthelobby.Willyoupleaseletmeknowwhenit\'sleavingW:Ofcourse,sir.，M:NowIwouldliketosettlemymini-barbill.HowmuchisthatW:Let\'ssee.Itcomesto$.HowwouldyouliketopayforitM:I\'llpaywithmycreditcard.Thanks.ButI\'llneedareceipt,soIcanchargeittomycompany.W:Absolutely!Hereyouare,sir.Ifyoulike,Icanleaveyourbagswiththeporter.Andhecanloadthemontotheshuttleforyouwhenitarrives.M:Thatwouldbegreat.Thankyou.W:WouldyouliketoleaveacommentonourwebpagewhenyouhavetimeM:Sure.Ihadareallygoodstayhere,andI\'dliketorecommendyourhoteltomyfriendsandcolleagues.W:That’sverykindofyou.ThankyouagainforstayingatSheratonHotel.~Q8.WhydoesthemanaskaboutthequickestwaytotheairportAThesecuritychecktakestime.Q9.HowisthemangoingtopayhisbillBBycreditcard.Q10.WhatdidthemanaskthewomantodoAGivehimareceipt.Q11.WhatfavordoesthewomanaskofthemanDPostingacommentonthehotel’swebpage.！【Conversation2】M:Youknow,Ben’sgivenupmakingthoseterriblefacesheusedtomake.Theotherday,hecamehomefromschoolalmostintears.Histeachersaidifhewentonlikethat,hisfacewouldgetstuckwhenthewindschanged.W:AndhebelievedherM:Yeah,he’sonlyalittleboy.Don’tyourememberallthosethingsweusedtobelievewhenwewerelittleIremembermyauntMaryusedtosayifyouswallowacherrystone,atreewouldgrowoutofyourmouth.AndI’mstillterrifiedtoday,sortofsubconsciously.Youknow,ifIswallowonebymistake…W:Yeah,Isupposeyou\'reright.Theonethatusedtogetmewasthatswanscouldbreakyourlegwhentheyblowofthewing.M:Theycan,can’ttheyIalwaysthoughttheycould.W:No,theyarenotthatstrong.Butthere’sanotheroneevenmoreterrifying.Thatis,ifyouputapoststamponupsidedown,youwillgotoprison.M:No,neverheardofthat.Butmygrandmotherwasaterrorforthatkindofthing.Forexample,shewouldsay,youwillgetaspotonyourtongueifyoutellalie.Ifyoueatstalebread,yourhairwillcurl.Andhere’sonemore.WewentonacampaigntriponceinItaly,andmywifespentthewholetimeworryingaboutbatsgettingintoherhair.Shesaidhergrandmotherreckonedyouhadtoshaveyourheadtogetitout.Mywifewasreallyterrified.(W:Silly,isn’titButthat’showsomeparentstrytokeeptheirkidsfromdoingthewrongthingorgettingintotrouble.Q12:WhatdoesthemansayaboutBenCHehasstoppedmakingterriblefaces.Q13:WhatdidauntMarryusedtodowhenthemanwasachildDWarnhimofdangerbymakingupastory.Q14:WhatdoesthewomanbelieveswanscoulddoTheycouldbreakpp’slegs.Q15:Whatdidthegrandmotheroftheman’swifesay…BOnewouldhavetoshavetheirheadtoremoveabatintheirhair.三.短文听力【Passage1】IfIcouldgobackinhistoryandlivewhenIliked,Iwouldn\'tgobackveryfar.Infact,I\'dliketoreliveaperiodI\'vealreadylived–the1960s.Iwasinmytwenties,andeverythingwasbeingrenewed.PeoplewouldcomeinoutofaformalandalmostVictorianattitude,andyoureallyfeltanythingwaspossible.Meetingpeoplewasthething,andyouwenttocoffeebarswhereyoumetfriendsandspenttheevening.Thecinema,thetheater,allthatwaseveryexcitingwithnewthingscomingout.Infact,weseemedtobeout,allthetime!Idon\'treallyrememberworking–ofcourse,Iwasastudent–orsittingaroundathomeverymuch.Thatjustwasn\'twherethescenewas,eveneating!Itwasthefirsttime,ordinarypeoplestartedgoingouttoeat.Wewerebeginningtobeadventurousaboutfood,butweweremoreinterestedinmeetingpeoplethanineatingordrinking.Anddress,yes,thatwastherevolution.Imean,girlswentaroundinreallyshortskirts,andworeflowersintheirhair.Andmenwereinjeans,andcouldweartheirhairlongtoo.Itwasawonderfulperiod.Itwaslikelivinginanageyoucouldneverhaveimagined,andthatneverhascomeback.Wedidn\'thavemuchmoney,butitdidn\'tmatter.Andtherewasplentyofopportunitytodowhateveryoufeltlikedoing.Question16–18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard:16.Whydoesthespeakersayhewouldliketorelivethe1960sCEverythingseemedtobechanging.17.WhatdoesthespeakersaywasthemostpopularthingtodoatthattimeAMeetingpeople.18.WhatdowelearnaboutthespeakerDHewasayoungstudentinthe1960s.【Passage2】Dogs,man\'sbestfriends,haveaclearstrategyfordealingwithangryowners—theylookaway.Newresearchshowsthatdogslimittheireyecontactwithangryhumans.Thescientistssuggestthismaybeanattempttocalmhumansdown.Thisbehaviormayhaveevolvedasdogsgraduallylearnedtheycouldbenefitfromavoidingconflictswithhumans.Toconductthetests,theUniversityofHelsinkiresearcherstrained31dogstorestinfrontofavideoscreen.Facialphotosofdogsandhumansweredisplayedonthescreenforseconds.Theyshowedthreatening,pleasantandneutralexpressions.Nearbycamerastrackedthedogs\'eyemovements.。Dogsinthestudylookedmostattheeyesofhumansandotherdogstosensetheiremotions.Whendogslookedatexpressionsofangrydogs,theireyesrestedmoreonthemouth,perhapstointerpretthethreateningexpressions.Andwhenlookingatangryhumans,theytendedtoturnawaytheirgaze.Dogsmayhavelearnedtodetectthreatsignsfromhumansandrespondbytryingtomakepeace,accordingtoresearcherSanniSomppi.Avoidingconflictsmayhavehelpeddogsdevelopbetterbondswithhumans.Theresearchersalsonotethatdogsscanfacesasawholetosensehowpeoplearefeeling,insteadoffocusingonagivenfeature.Theysuggestthisindicatesthatdogsaren\'tsensingemotionsfromasinglefeature,butpiecingtogetherinformationfromallfacialfeaturesjustashumansdo.Q19.WhatdodogsdowhentheyarefacedwithangryhumansBTheyavoidlookingatthem.Q20.WhatdoesadogdowhenitseestheexpressionsofangrydogsCItfocusesitseyesontheirmouths.Q21.Howdoesadogsensepeople\'sfeelings—BBytakingintheirfacialexpressionsasawhole.【Passage3】Winterinmanyplacesisverycold.Thereislotsofsnowaround,andthegroundfreezes,whichcanmakelifedifficultforanimals.Peopleincoldplacesliveinwarmhousesandhavelearnedtoadapt.WhatdoanimalsdoTherearethreemainwaysthatanimalssurvivethecoldinwinter:sleep,adaptormigrate.Someanimals,suchasbears,frogsandsnakes,sleepallwinter.Theysleepverydeeplyandneedlittleornofood.Whilesleeping,theirbodytemperaturedrops,andtheirheartbeatslowsdown.Toprepareforthisbeforewinter,theseanimalseatextrafoodtobecomefat,whichgivesthemtheenergytheyneedwhiletheysleep.Otheranimalsadapt.Forexample,bystayingactiveinwinter.Itisoftenhardforthemtofindfood.Sosomeanimals,suchasmice,collectextrafoodbeforewinter,andhideit.Whenwintercomes,theyreturntotheirhidingplacestoeatthefood.Someanimalsgrowthickerfur,orliveintreeholesorundergroundtostaywarm.Somebirdsmigratebyflyingtoawarmerplaceforthewinter,wheretheycanfindmorefood.Someflyverylongdistances,includingonekindofbirdthatfliesfromtheremotenorthoftheworld,allthewaytothedistantsouth.Somebirdsflyingroupsforsafety,whileothersflyalone.Questions22-25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutanimalsinwinter（DTheyresorttodifferentmeanstosurvivethebittercold.23.WhatdowelearnaboutanimalsthatsleepthroughwinterCTheyconsumetheenergystoredbeforethelongsleep.24.HowdoanimalslikemiceadapttotheseverewinterABystoringenoughfoodbeforehand25.Whydosomebirdsflyingroupswhenmigrating,accordingtothespeakerCTostaysafe选词填空.Themethodformakingbeerhaschangedovertime.Hops,forexample,whichgivemanyamodernbeeritsbitterflavor,area_____(26)recentadditiontothebeverage.Thiswasmentionedinreferencetobrewingintheninthcentury.Now,researchershavefounda_____(27)ingredientinresidue(残留物)from5000-year-oldbeerbrewingequipment.WhileexcavatingtwopitsatasiteinthecentralplainsofChina,scientistsdiscoveredfragmentsfrompots,funnels,amphorae,andstoves(stovefragmentpictured).Thedifferentshapesofthecontainers_____(28)theywereusedtobrew,filter,andstoremaybeancient“beer-makingtoolkits,”andtheearliest_____(29)evidenceofbeerbrewinginChina,theresearchersreportonlinetodayintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.To_____(30)thathypothesis,theteamexaminedtheyellowish,dried_____(31)insidethevessels.Themajorityofthegrains,about80%,werefromcerealcropslikemilletandbarley(大麦),andabout10%werebitsofroots,_____(32)likely,wouldhavemadethebeersweeter,thescientistssay.Barleywasanunexpectedfind:ThecropwasdomesticatedinwesternEurasiaanddidn’tbecomea_____(33)foodincentralChinauntilabout2000yearsago,accordingtotheresearchers.Basedonthattiming,theysuggestbarleymayhave_____(34)intheregionnotasfood,butas_____(35)materialforbeerbrewingbeer.A.ArrivedB.consumingC.directD.exclusivelyE.includingF.infromG.rawH.!I.reachedJ.relativelyK.remainsL.resourcesM.stapleN.surprisingO.suggestP.Test/参考答案：26I，由空格前的a和空格后的recent，可以判定空格处缺副词，所以在D和I里面选择，根据语义，应该选I，relatively。27N，由空格后的ingredient，可以判定空格前缺形容词，根据语义，选N，surprising。28M，由空着前的container和空格后的they，可以判定空格处缺谓语动词，根据语义，选M，suggest。29C，由空格前的earliest和空格后的evidence，可以判定空格处缺形容词，根据语义，选C，direct。30O，由空格前的to和空格后的that，可以判定空格处缺动词原形，根据空格后的的hypnosis，选O，test，意为“为了验证这个假设”31J，由空格前的dried可以判定空格处缺名词，根据语义，选J，remains(剩余物/沉淀物)32E，由空格前的about10%werebitsofroots,以及空格后的lily，可以判定选E，including33L，由空格前的a和空格后的food，可以判定空格处缺形容词，根据语义，选L，staple34A，由空格前的mayhave和空格后的intheregion可以判定空格处缺Ved，根据语义，选A，arrived35G，由空格前的butas和空格后的material可以判定选项词为形容词，根据意义，选G，raw。翻译啤酒配方随着时间而改变。例如给许多现代啤酒带来苦味和柑橘味的啤酒花，是相对较晚被添加到啤酒中的成分，在九世纪与酿酒相关的史料中首次被提及。现在，研究人员在5000年前的酿酒制品残留物中发现了惊人的成分。在中国中原地区两个考古坑进行挖掘的期间，科学家们发现了来自陶罐、漏斗、双耳陶罐和火炉的陶制碎片(火炉碎片如图)。研究人员今天在《国家科学院院刊》网络版中报告称，容器的不同形状表示它们曾被用来酿造、过滤和储存啤酒，它们可能是古代的“啤酒制作工具包”，也是最早的有关中国啤酒酿造的直接证据。为了检验这一假设，研究小组检测了容器内暗黄干燥的残留物。其中发现的淀粉颗粒中约有三分之一或凹或胀，或折叠或扭曲，这些变形会在酿造啤酒所需的麦芽处理和麦芽浆制作的过程中发生。科学家们表示，这些谷粒中的大多数，约80%，来自小米和大麦这样的谷类作物，同时10%左右来自块茎植物，包括山药和百合，它们给这些啤酒增添了甜味。研究人员表示，大麦是一个意外的发现：这种农作物在欧亚大陆西部种植，直到大约2000年前才成为中国中部地区的主食。根据这一时间点，研究人员表示大麦当时可能是作为酿造啤酒的原料，而不是一种食物被引入中国中原地区的。段落匹配somepoint,almostallofuswillexperienceaperiodofradicalprofessionalchangesomeofuswillseekitout:forotheritwillfeellikeanunwelcomeintrusionintootherwisestablecareerEitherway,wehavechoicesabouthowwerespondtoitwhenitcomes.recentlycaughtupwithyogaentrepreneurLcahZeccaria,whoputherselfthroughthefireofchangetocompletelyreinventhersearchtolivealifeofpurpose.Leahleftherhigh-payingaccountingjob,herhusband,andherthebuiltaradicallynewliftandthenshehasfoundedtwoyoganewlifepartner,andformedanewcommunityofifyourpersonalreinventionislessdrastic,wethinktherearelessonsfromherexpericencethatapplydotheseedsofchangecomefromTheNativeAmericanIndianshaveasaying:”Payattentiontothewhisperssoyouwon’thavetohearthescreams”Oftenthebestideasforbigchangescomefromunexpectedplaces-----it’sjustmatterofturningleadersrecognizetheweaksignalsorslightsignsthatpointtobigchangestoreflectonatimeshelistenedtothewhispers:”Aboutthetimedaughterwasfiveyearsstartedhavingasensethat‘thisisn’tright’”Shethenrealizedthatlifenolongermatchedhervisionforituntilthatpoint,Lechhadfollowedtraditionalmeasuresofgraduatingwithadegreeinbusinessandjoinedapublicaccountingfirm,married,boughtlookedsuccessful,”shesays,Leaheasilycouldhavefallenintoatrapoffeelingcontent,instead,herenergysparkedaperiodofexperimentationandrenewal.theneedtostartplayingwithfuturepossibilitiesbyexploringherinterestanddevelopingnewtryingphysicalexerciseandlostsomeweightanddiscoveredaninnerstrength.”IfeltpowerfulbecauseIbrokethroughmyownlimitations.”sherecalls,itwasanotherinterestthatledLeahtoradicallyreinventherself,”Iremembersittingonabenchwithmyauntatayogastudio,”shesaid,”andhavingamomentofclarityrightthenandthere.Yogaissavingmyiswakingme‘mnothappyandIwanttochangeandI’mdonewiththis,”InthatmomentofclarityLeahmadeanimportantleap,conqueringherinnerresistancetochangeandmakingafirmcommitmenttotakebiggerstepsthefutureyouwantisalotcasierifyouarereadytoexploittheopportunitiesthatcomeyourLeahmadethecommitmenttochange,sheprimedherselftonewapporiunitiesshemayotherwisehaverecallsdayamanIworkedwith,Ryan,whohadhisofficenexttomine,said,”’sgolookatthisspaceonQueenAnne.”HeknewmyloveforyogaandhadseenaspacechosetowherehelivedthathethoughtmightbegoodtoserveasayogaandhadseenaspaceclosetowherehelivedthathethoughtmightbegoodtoserveasayogasoonasIsawthelocation,Iknewthiswasit.OfcourseIwasscared,yetIhadthisstrongsenseof“Ihavetodothis.”OnlyafewmonthslaterLeahopenedherfirstyogastudio,butsuccesswasnotinstant.thefuturetakestime.That’swhyleaderscontinuetomanagethepresentwhilebuildingtowardthebignonlincarchangesoftheit’stimetomaketheLeahstayedwithheraccountingjodwhilestartinguptheyogastudiotomakeitallwork.”Iwasworking60hoursaweekandrunningaIwasn’tgettingverymuchsleep.Butitwasgoodforme,”sheafter,sheknewshehadtomakeaboldmovetofullycommittohernewtwoyears,Leahshedthesafetyofheraccountingjobandmadetheswitchdrasticchangeisnotcasy.J.“Beyourself”Leahsays.”Quitbeingthepersonpeoplethinkyou’resupposetoawaytodigdeepintoyourintoyourcouragcousselftobewhoyouthatmeansasfarasexploringyouremotions,youridentity,youroneversionofyouthatyouarealwaysandeverywhere.”ItwasthissenseofpurposethatwouldcarryLeahthroughthestormsofchangethroughchangeandfacingobstaclesbringsusfacetofacewithourfearsLeahreflectsononeincidentthattriggeredherfears,whenherinvestorsthreatenedtoshutherdown:”IwasprobablyupagainstthemostfearsI’veeverhad”shesay.”Ihadspenttwoyearscultivatingthiscommunity,andithadbecomesuccessfulverywithinsixmonthsIwasfacingtheprospectoflosingitall”connectedwithhersenseofpurposeanddugdeep,cultivatingatremendoussenseofstrength.”IwasfeelingsointentionalandstrongthatIwasn’tgoingtoletfearjusttakeover.Iwasthinking,OK,guys,ifyouwanttowanttotrytoshutmedown,shutmeIknewitwasanegotiationscheme,soIwasabletosaytomyself.””Thisisnotreal”Bynamingherfears36.Readinesstotakeadvantageofnewapportunitieswillmakeiteasiertocreateone’sdesiredfuture.37.Byconventionalstandards,Leahwasatypicalsuccessfulwomanbeforeshechangedhercareer38.Leahgainedconfidencebylayingoutherfearsandcontrontingthendirectly39.Insearchofameaningfullife,Leahgaveupwhatshehadandsetupherownyogastudios.40.Leah’sinterestinyogapromptedhertomakeafirmdecisiontoseshapeherlife.41.Smallsignsmayindicategreatchangestocomeandthereforementattention42.Leah’sfirstyogastudiowasbynoweansanimmediatesuccess43.Somepeopleregardprofessionalchangeasanunpleasantexperiencethatdisturbstheircareer44.TheworstfearthatLeaheverhadwastheprospectoflosingheryogabusiness45.Assheexplorenewinterestsanddevelopednewpotential,Leahfeltpowerfulinternally参考答案36.G37.D38.L39.B40.F41.C42.H43.A44.K45.E仔细阅读：PassageOneQuestions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ShoppersintheUKarespendinglessmoneyontoiletpapertosavemoney,researchhasshown.PennypinchingUKconsumerschoosecheaperproductsfromdiscounterssuchasAldiandLidiratherthanluxuryalternatives.Thishaswiped6%offthevalueofthesofttissuepapermarketintheUK.Ithasshrunkfrom£billionin2011to£1.12billionin2015,accordingtoanewreportfrommarketresearchcompanyMintel.Furthermore,thefutureofthemarketlooksfarfromrosy,withsalesexpectedtofallfutureofthemarketlooksfarfromrosy,withsalesexpectedtofallfurtherto£in2016.Inthelastyearalone,despiteanincreaseintheUKpopulationandasubsequentriseinthenumberofhouseholds,salesoftoiletpaperfellby2%,withtheaveragehouseholdreducingtheirtoiletrollspendingfrom£43in2014to£41in2015.Overall,almostthreeinfivepeoplesaytheytrytolimittheirusageofpaper-includingfacialtissueandkitchenroll–tosavemoney."Strength,softnessandthicknessremaintheleadingindicatorsODMtoiletpaperquality,withjustasmallproportionofconsumerspreferringmoreluxuriousalternatives,suchasthosewithflowerpatternsorperfume,"saidMintelanalystJackDuckett."Theseextrafeaturesaredeemedunnecessarybythemajorityofshoppers,whichprobablyreflectshowthesetypesofproductsaretypicallymoreexpensivethanregulartoiletpaper,evenwhenonspecialoffer."Whileconsunmersarespendinglessontoiletpaper,theyremainfussy-intheoryatleast-whenitcomestopaperquality.TopofBritons\'toiletpaperwishlistissoftness(57%)followedbystrength(45%)andthickness(36%).Onein10buyersranktoiletrollsmadefromrecycledpaperamongtheirtopconsiderations,highlightinghowoveralltheenvironmentismuchlessofaconsiderationforshoppersthanproductquality.Inachallengeformanufactures,81%ofpaperproductuserssaidtheywouldconsiderbuyingrecycledtoilettissueifitwerecomparableinqualitytostandardpaper.46.【题干】Themarketsalesoftoiletpaperhavedecreasedbecause_____.【选项】havecuttheirspendingonitpriceshavegoneupovertheyearqualityhasseenmarkedimprovementhavedevelopedthehabitofsaving【答案解析】根据题干关键词marketsales和toiletpaper可以定位到首段ShoppersintheUKarespendinglessmoneyontoiletpapertosavemoney“英国的购物者减少卫生纸开支以省钱”和第三段首句Thishaswiped6%offthevalueofthesofttissuepapermarket“这使得软棉纸市场的价值下降了6%”。haswipedoff正好对应题干haveincreased。This指代的是第二段的内容Penny-pinchingUKconsumerschoosecheaperproductsfromdiscounters“吝啬的英国消费者从折扣商店选择更为便宜的商品”。综上所述，选A“卫生纸市场销售额下降是因为英国人缩减这方面的开支”。【答案】A47.【题干】WhatdoestheauthorthinkofthefutureofthetissuepapermarketintheUK【选项】willexpandintime.willremaingloomy.willexperienceupsanddowns.willrecoveraspopulationgrows.【答案】B【答案解析】根据题干关键词tissuepaper可以定位到第三段首句Thishaswiped6%offthevalueofthesofttissuepapermarketintheUK.根据第三句thefutureofthemarketlooksfarfromrosy“市场的未来看起来远远不够乐观”。因此，本题选B“作者认为绵纸市场的未来仍然是惨淡的”。48.【题干】WhatdoesJackDuckettsayabouttoiletpaper【选项】offerswouldpromoteitssales.areloyaltocertainbrands.featuresaddmuchtotheprice.haveavarietytochoosefrom.【答案】C【答案解析】根据题干关键词JackDuckett可以定位到第五段的引用部分。A“特价可以促进销售额”，原文引用处最后部分提到了specialoffer。which指代的是theseextrafeatures，也就是thosewithflowerpatternsorperfume。“这些额外的特点反映了这些商品通常比普通的卫生纸要贵，即使是在特价销售的时候。”所以A是利用原文细节信息设置的干扰选项，可以排除。B“消费者忠于某些品牌”和D“消费者有多样化的选择”，引用处均未提及，直接排除。C“奢侈品的特点大幅度提升了价位”，正好对应原文引用处which引导的非限定性定语从句的内容。49.【题干】WhatdowelearnaboutBritonsconcerningtoiletpaper【选项】areparticularaboutthequalityoftoiletpaper.emphasizethestrengthoftoiletpaperthemost.prefercheaptoiletpapertorecycledtoiletpaper.rejectusingtoiletpaperwithunnecessaryfeatures.【答案】A【答案解析】根据题干关键词Britons和toiletpaper可以定位到第六段。根据原文theyremainfussy...whenitcomestopaperquality可知，A选项正好是同义替换。如果不认识fussy“爱挑剔的”和beparticularabout“对...挑剔”，可以用排除法。依据自然段界定原则，48题定位到第五段，50题定位到最后一段，所以本题定位到第六段。CD均不在定位范围，可以直接排除。B“他们最强调的是卫生纸的强度”，由原文可知，最关注的应该是softness，所以B选项排除。采取这种方法也可以选出A。50.【题干】Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph【选项】andmoreBritonsbuyrecycledtoiletpapertoprotecttheenvironment.papermanufacturersarefacingagreatchallengeinpromotingitssales.papermanufacturerscompetewithoneanothertoimprove.protectionisnotmuchofaconcernwhenBritonsbuytoiletpaper.【答案】D【答案解析】根据题干thelastparagraph可知答案要在最后一段寻找。由原文“1/10的购买者把利用可循环纸制造的卫生卷纸列为首选，这突出表明，相比环境，购买者更加关注商品质量的现象是多么普遍。”因此，我们可以选出D“英国人购买卫生纸的时候，环境保护不是人们十分关心的。”PassageTwoQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage."OneofthereasonIfindthistopicveryinterestingisbecausemymomwasasmokerwhenIwasyounger,"sayLindson-Hawly,whostudiestobaccoandhealthattheUniversityofOxford.Bystudyingabout700adultsmoker,shefoundoutthathermomquittherightway-bystoppingabruptlyandcompletely.Inherstudy,participantswererandomly(随机地)assignedtotwogroups.Onehadtoquitabruptlyonagivenday,goingfromaboutapackadaytozero.Theothercutdowngraduallyoverthecourseoftwoweeks.Peopleinbothgroupsusednicotine(尼古丁)patchesbeforetheyquit,inadditiontoasecondformofnicotinereplacement,likegumorspray.Theyalsohadtalktherapywithanursebeforeandafterquitday.Sixmonthsout,morepeoplewhohadquitabruptlyhadstuckwithit-morethanone-fifthofthem,comparedtoaboutone-seventhintheothergroup.Althoughthesenumbersappearlow,itismuchhigherthanifpeopletrywithoutsupport.Andthequitrateswereparticularlyconvincinggiventhatbeforethestudystarted,mostofthepeoplehadsaidthey\'drathercutdowngraduallybeforequitting."Ifyou\'retrainingforamarathon,youwouldn\'texpecttoturnupandjustbeabletorunit.AndIthinkpeopleseethatforsmokingaswell.Theythink,\'Well,ifIgraduallyreduce,it\'slikepractice.\'"saysLindsons-Hawley.Butthatwasn\'tthecase.Insteadofgivingpeoplepractice,thegradualreductionlikelygavethemcravings(瘾)andwithdrawalsymptomsbeforetheyevenreachedquitday,whichcouldbewhyfewerpeopleinthatgroupactuallymadeittothatpoint."Regardlessofyourstatedpreference,ifyou\'rereadytoquit,quittingabruptlyismoreeffective,”saysDr.GabrieiaFerreira,"Whenyoucanquoteaspecificnumberlikeafifithofthepatientswereabletoquit,that\'scompelling.Itgivesthemtheencouragement,Ithink,toreallygoforit,”Ferreirasays.Peoplerarelymanagetoquitthefirsttimetheytry.Butatleast,shesays,theycanmaximizetheoddsofsuccess.51.【题干】WhatdoesLindson-Hawleysayabouthermother【选项】quitsmokingwithherdaughter\'shelp.succeededinquittingsmokingabruptly.wasalsoaresearcheroftobaccoandhealth.studiedthesmokingpattemsofadultsmokers.【答案】B【参考解析】根据题干中专有名词Lindson-Hawley回文快速定位到文章中的第一段，根据第一段的信息可得出Lindson-Hawley的母亲曾经是一位吸烟者，第二段中她发现她的母亲有效地戒烟了，而且戒地很突然、很彻底。根据第二段中的信息点，可以得出本题的正确选项应为BShesucceededinquittingsmokingabruptly.(她突然成功戒掉了烟瘾。)A、C、D选项在文中都没有提及，属于无中生有选项。52.【题干】WhatkindofsupportdidsmokersreceivetoquitsmokinginLindson-Hawley\'sstudy【选项】weregivenphysicaltraining.werelookedafterbyphysicians.wereencouragedbypshchologists.wereofferednicotinereplacements.【答案】D【参考解析】本题问的是“在Lindson-Hawley的研究中，吸烟者在戒烟的过程中得到了哪些帮助”，本题解题根据题文一致原则，可顺序定位至第三段第四、五句话，提到两组志愿者在戒烟前除了使用nicotinereplacement(尼古丁替代疗法)之外，还使用nicotinepatches尼古丁贴片(一种戒烟贴)。他们还在戒烟前后接受护士的talktherapy(谈话治疗)。结合定位信息及四个选项的意思，可以确定选项DTheywereofferednicotinereplacements.为本题的正确答案。53.【题干】HowdoesFerreiraviewtheresultofLindson-Hawley\'sexperiment【选项】isidealized.isunexpected.isencouraging.ismisleading.【答案】C【参考解析】根据题干中专有名词Dr.GabrielaFerreira回文定位该题至文中第五段后半部分Dr.GabrielaFerreira的引语部分，其中她提到“Itgivesthemtheencouragement,Ithink,toreallygoforit.”根据这句话结合四个选项的意思，可以确定选项CItisencouraging.为原文的同义替换。54.【题干】Theideaof"amarathon"(Line2,illustratesthepopularbeliefthatquittingsmoking_____.【选项】somethingfewcanaccomplishsomepracticefirstalotofpatienceachallengeatthebeginning【答案】B【参考解析】根据题干定位至第五段第2行，根据上下文，可确定本题在文中的定位信息处为“AndIthinkpeopleseethatforsmokingaswell.Theythink,‘well,ifIgraduallyreduce,it’slikepractice’.”由此可以得知这些人的观点是逐步戒烟首先需要一些练习，该题四个选项中Bneedssomepracticefirst.为文中信息的同义替换。A、C、D选项在文中都没有提及，属于无中生有选项。55.【题干】Whathappenswhenpeopletrytoquitsmokinggradually【选项】finditevenmoredifficult.aresimplyunabletomakeit.showfewerwithdrawalsymptomsfeelmuchlesspainintheprocess.【答案】A【参考解析】根据题干信息“quitsmokinggradually”，定位至文中第五段“Butthatwasn’tthecase.Insteadofgivingpeoplepractice,thegradualreductionlikelygavethemcravingsandwithdrawalsymptomsbeforetheyevenreachedquitday.”根据原文的定位信息可得知逐步戒烟有可能会更能使人上瘾甚至出现戒断症状。结合四个选项可以确定ATheyfinditevenmoredifficult.为正确选项。翻译一：四级翻译题目一：黄河是亚洲第三、世界第六长的河流。“黄”这个字描述的是其河水浑浊的颜色。黄河发源于青海，流经九个省份，最后注入渤海。黄河是中国赖以生存的几条河流之一。黄河流域(riverbasin)是中国古代文明的诞生地，也是中国早期历史上最繁荣的地区。然而，由于极具破坏力的洪水频发，黄河曾造成多次灾害。在过去几十年里，政府采取了各种措施防止灾害发生。TheYellowRiverranksthethirdlongestinAsiaandthesixthlongestintheworld.Theword“yellow”describesthemuddywateroftheriver.TheYellowRiver，oneofseveralriversforChinatoliveon，originatesfromQinghai，flowsthroughnineprovinces,andfinallypoursintotheBohaiSea.TheriverbasinisnotonlythebirthplaceofancientChinesecivilization，butalsothemostprosperousregionintheearlyhistoryofChina.However,duetothefrequentdevastatingfloods,ithascausedmanydisasters.Inthepastfewdecades,thegovernmenthastakenvariousmeasurestopreventdisasters.翻译二珠江是华南一大河系，流经广州市，是中国第三长的河流，仅次于长江和黄河。珠江三角洲(delta)是中国最发达的地区之一，面积约11,000平方公里。它在面积和人口方面也是世界上最大的城市聚集区。珠江三角洲九个最大城市共有5,700多万人口。上世纪70年代末中国改革开放以来，珠江三角洲已成为中国和世界主要经济区域和制造中心之一。ThePearlRiver,anextensiveriversysteminsouthernChina,flowsthroughGuangzhouCity.ItisChina’sthird-longestriver,onlyaftertheYangtzeRiverandtheYellowRiver.ThePearlRiverDelta(PRD)isoneofthemostdevelopedregionsinChinawithanareaofabout11,000squarekilometers.ItisthelargesturbanareaintheworldinbothsizeandninelargestcitiesofPRDhaveacombinedpopulationofover57thereformandopeningup(economicliberalization)wasadoptedbytheChinesegovernmentinthelate1970s,theDeltahasbecomeoneoftheleadingeconomicregionsandamajormanufacturingcenterofChinaandtheworld.翻译三：长江是亚洲最长、世界上第三长的河流。长江流经多种不同的生态系统，是诸多濒危物种的栖息地，灌溉了中国五分之一的土地。长江流域(riverbasin)居住着中国三分之一的人口。长江在中国历史、文化和经济上起着很大的作用。长江三角洲(delta)产出多大20%的中国国民生产总值。几千年来，长江一直被用于供水、运输和工业生产。长江上还坐落着世界最大的水电站。参考译文：TheYangtzeRiveristhelongestriverinAsiaandthethird-longestintheworld.Itflowsthroughawidearrayofecosystemsandishabitattoseveralendemicandendangeredspecies.TheYangtzeRiverdrainsone-fifthofthelandareaofthePeople’sRepublicofChina(PRC).Itsriverbasinishometoone-thirdofthecountry’spopulation.TheYangtzeplaysalargeroleinthehistory,cultureandeconomyofChina.TheYangtzeRiverDeltageneratesasmuchas20%ofthePRC’sGDP.Forthousandsofyears,theriverhasbeenusedforwater,irrigationandindustrialproduction.Thelargesthydro-electricpowerstationintheworldislocatedintheRiver.',)