中考英语专题语法复习课件：名词

名词中考英语总复习{专有名词（如：Tom、China、theUnitedS可数名词{普通名词{物质名词(如：water水)抽象名词(如:happiness)个体名词(如：teacher教师集体名词(如：police警察)不可数名词{名词的定义：表示人、事物、地方、现象及其他抽象概念名称的词。一、专有名词表示人名如：JimKateLiLeiMissGao表示地名:如:ChinaUSAEnglandBeijing表示星期、月份等时间概念的名称，如：undayMondayTuesdayJanuaryFebruary表示中外节日：国际性节日:NewYearMayDayChildren’sDayWomen’sDayTeachers’Day中国节日:SpringFestivalMid-autumnDayNationalDay西方节日:ChristmasDayEaster(复活节）Father’sDayMother’sDaySaintValentine’sDay(情人节)机构或一些社会团体的名称，它们往往缩写,如:CCTVUNWTOPLAPRC二、不可数名词一、不可数名词数量的表达法：一、不可数名词数量的表达法：通过使用量词的方法来表示不可数名词的量abottleofwater---twobottlesofwaterapieceofbread---threepiecesofbread表示不可数名词量的相关词语还有：some,alotof,lotsof，much,alittle,little,……巩固练习:(1)一茶杯茶（2）一块冰（3）一条面包（4）五瓶橘汁二、既可做不可数名词，又可做可数名词的：不可数名词可数名词paper纸apaperglass玻璃aglassiron铁aironroom空间a一张报纸一个玻璃杯一个熨斗一个房间一只小鸡一个美人cap---capsdesk-desks三、可数名词的复数形式规则变化A.绝大多数名词的复数形式在单数形式后加-SB.以字母s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词在其后加-esbus---busesbox---boxesC.(1)以辅音字母+y结尾的名词需把y变为i再加-esstory—stories(2)以元音字母+y结尾的名词在后面直接加-sday—daysD.以e结尾的名词加-SPage---pagesRose---rosesPrize---prizesPKtimeI•task---•watch---•dish---•star---•boy---•stomach---•class---•tasks•watches•dishes•stars•boys•stomaches•classesPKtimeI•baby—•house---•country—•party—•toy---•exercise---•mouth--•babies•houses•countries•parties•toys•exercises•mouthsE.以-f或-fe结尾的可数名词,先将f或fe变成v再加-es妻子拿刀去宰狼wifeknifewolfwiveskniveswolves小偷吓得发了慌躲在架后保己命thief-thievesshelf---shelveslife—livesself-selveshalf-halvesleaf---leavesF.（1）以元音字母+o结尾的名词，以及某些以o结尾的外来词，变为复数时只加-S•radio—radios（2）以辅音字母+o结尾的名词变为复数时多数加-espotato---potatoeshero---heroestomato—tomatoes黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿PKtimeⅡ•zoo•thief•piano•leaf•zero•roof•tomato•hero•zoos•thieves•pianos•leaves•zeros•roofs•tomatoes•heroes不规则变化1.特殊变化：2.单复同形manpolicemanwomanfoottoothmousechildoxsheepfishdeerChineseJapanesemenpolicemenwomenfeetteethmicechildrenoxen3.表示“某国人”的名词，其变化有三种情况a.aJapanesefiveJapanese(e.gChinese)b.aFrenchmantwoFrenchmen(e.gEnglishmanEnglishwomanfishermanpolicemanFrenchwoman)c.aGermanfiveGermans(e.gRussianAmericanIndianItalianKorean)4.常以复数形式出现的名词trousersglassessocksclotheswoodsthanksnewsgoodspoliticsphysicsmaths口诀：中日不变英法变，其余后面s站5.复合名词的复数形式a.将主体名词变为复数e.gaboystudentaflowershopanappletreeb.当名词的第一个构成部分为man,woman时，将2个构成部分均变为复数e.gawomanteacheramannurseboystudentsflowershopsappletreeswomenteachersmennurses四、名词的所有格Tom的书房间的窗户?Tom'sbook.windowoftheroomMike’sbag麦克的包男孩的小刀教师节儿童节妇女节有生命名词theboy’sknifeTeachers’DayChildren’sDayWomen’sDay有生命的名词{不以s结尾的仍单数名词后加’s复数名词{以s结尾的名词只加’thelegsofthechair椅子腿房间里的桌子北京最好的公园今天的作业中国的城市2小时步行路程无生命名词Beijing’sbestparktoday’shomeworkChina’scitiesthetablesoftheroomtwohours’walk无生命的名词{用of时间、国家、距离除外四、名词的所有格1.各自所有都加’s;两者共有’s加后e.g珍妮的房间和海伦的房间珍妮和海伦的房间JennyandHelen’sroomJenny’sandHelen’srooms2.表示某人的家、店铺、诊所时，常省略所有格后面的名词e.g:atmyuncle’s=atmyuncle’shomeatthebutcher’s=atthebutcher’sshop3.双重所有格我父亲的朋友中的一个afriendofmyfather’smyteacher’soffice1我老师的办公室2学生们的练习本3今天的报纸4十五分钟的路程5到汤姆家去PracticetoTom’s15minutes’walktoday’snewspaperstudents’exercisebooks7广东的省会8教室的门9我父亲的一个朋友10他的两个兄弟11他弟弟的一张照片(照片属于他弟弟)12他弟弟的一张照片(照片里的人是他弟)thecapitalofGuangdongthedoorsoftheclassroomafriendofmyfather(’s)twobrothersofhisapictureofhisbrother’sapictureofhisbrother主谓一致1.当class,family,team,group,public等集体名词做主语时，如果看成一个整体，动词就用单数;看成一个个具体成员时，就用复数。e.gTheclass____waitingforher.Tom’sfamily_____verybig.Tom’sfamily_________filmfans.isare2.news,maths,politics表示单数意义，动词用单数。e.gThenews________herveryhappy.Maths___noteasyforhim.isaremakes3.像goods,chopsticks,shoes,glasses,clothestrousers等表示复数含义的词，动词用复数。e.g:Theshoes___hers.但是:Apairofglasses_____onthetable.Twopairsofglasses______onthetable.isareare4.police,people(人们),youth(青年们)只有单数形式，但表示复数意义，动词用复数。e.gThepolicearegatheringinthestreet.TheChinesepeople_____peace.love但是:people当“民族”，youth当“男青年”讲时，有单复数之分Heisayouthof20.ManyEnglish-speakingpeoples_____thisbook.like5.像deer、sheep等单复同形的词，动词单复根据具体情况定Adeerisoverthereinthefield.Agroupofdeer______overthereinthefield.are1.–Arethereany_____onthehill?–Yes,therearesome.A.houseB.sheepC.animalD.horse2.Youcanputyourschoolbagson___desk.A.LilyandLucyB.Lily’sandLucyC.LilyandLucy’sD.Lily’sandLucy’s3.___isalwaysonDecember25everyyear.A.AprilFool’stimeB.TreePlantingDayC.ChristmasDayD.NewYear’sDay4.Wehaven’tany___inthefridge.Let’sgoandbuysomecokeandorangejuice.A.vegetablesB.fruitC.drinkD.food5.–Whatalwaysgoesupbutnevercomesdown?--_____.A.AgeB.WaterC.AirD.Temperature1.Look!Thosethree__________(Englishman)aretalkingwiththree__________(German).2.Wecanseealotof_________(sheep)atthefootofthehill,butwecan’tseeany__________(people)there.3.Nowwecangetmuch_____________(information)throughtheInternet.EnglishmenGermanssheeppeopleinformation4.–Where’syourbrother?--At____________(Mr.Smith).5.Those_______________(womanteacher)areallverypopularinthatschool.6.Intheflood(洪水)manychildrenlosttheir________(life).7.September10this_________(teacher)Day.8.LucyandLilyaregoodfriendsof__________(her).Mr.Smith’swomenteacherslivesTeachers’hers