2018-届中考英语人教总复习课件：第一部分-语法精讲精练第十一节----句子种类和简单句-

目录contents中考导航考点突破课堂小测中考模拟演练中考导航目录contents考点广东省卷近五年中考统计高频考点201320142015201620171.感叹句√√√√√★★★2.特殊疑问句√★☆☆4.Therebe句型√√★★☆考情分析：从近五年考查情况来看，句子种类和简单句是考查的重点，主要考查感叹句、祈使句、therebe句型及由how引出的特殊疑问词组的辨析，每年至少考查1道题目，其中感叹句是每年的必考点。2018年备考时要能正确判断感叹句的引导词是what还是how，注意祈使句的否定形式，therebe句型，以及能正确选用由考点突破目录contents考点1感叹句()★★★感叹句表示说话人的喜悦、气愤、惊讶等强烈的情绪。感叹句一般是由what或how开头。what用来强调名词，how则强调形容词、副词或动词。1.感叹句的基本句型(1)What(+a/an)+形容词+名词+主语Whatacleverboyheis!他是个多么聪明的男孩啊！Whatcoldweatheritis!多冷的天气啊！Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!(它们是)多么漂亮的花啊！Whatgoodnewsitis!多么好的消息啊！在感叹句中，whata/an常用来修饰单数可数名词，若该名词前面的形容词为元音音素开头，则用whatan。what是用来修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词。但有些不可数名词(rain，surprise，breakfast，lunch(2)How+形容词／副词+主语+谓语！(2015、2013广东中考)Howkindyouare!你心肠真好！Howfasttheyareworking!他们干得真快啊！how还可以修饰动词构成感叹句，但动如：Howwellshedances!她跳得多好呀！(how修饰动词)2.选用what和how的高效方法判断感叹句的引导词是what还是how，先把主谓+其他部分去掉，如果最后一个词是名词用what，是形容词或副词用how。若没有主谓则看句末一词来如：Whatasmartmanheis!(主谓是heis，把它们去掉，最后一词是man，名词，故用what)Howexcellentheis!(主谓是heis，把它们去掉，最后一词是excellent，形容词，故用how)母题训练中考预测()1.(2017广东)—AamirKhanplayedthepartofagreatfatherinthemovieTheTaleofFatherlyLove.—______excellentactorheis!A.What()6.—OurclassmatesaregoingtoFantawildAdventure(方特欢乐世界)aftertheexams.—______excitingidea!A.WhatCB()2.(2016广东)—Itisreportedthatcancercanbecontrolledatatemperaturelowerthan110below℃zero.—Really?______nicesurprise!A.HowB.What()7.______wasteoftimeitistospendtoomuchtimeoncomputergames!A.HowaB.WhataC.WhatD.HowCB()3.(2015广东)—Sofar，SuBingtianistheonlyChinesewhofinishedthe100-meterraceinlessthan10seconds.—______heruns!A.HowslowB.HowfastC.Whataslow()8.______weatheritis!WecangoboatingontheDongchangLake.A.HowbadB.HowgoodC.WhatgoodD.WhatbadBC()4.(2014广东)—DoyouknowWangFeng?Hecanremember100groupsofnumbersinfiveminutes.—Yes.______manheis!A.WhatasmartB.Howsmart()9.______beautifulflowerstheyare!Let’sgototakesomephotos.A.WhatB.WhataC.WhatanD.HowAA()5.(2013广东)MoYanwontheNobelPrizeforLiteraturelastyear.______excellentheis!A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Whatan()10.______excitingnews!We’veneverhadsuchalongvacationbefore.A.WhatB.WhataC.WhatanD.HowAA考点2特殊疑问句(how引出的特殊疑问词组)()★☆☆特殊疑问句是用疑问词引导的疑问句。它不用yes或no来回答，而应该根据实际情况用较为完整的句子作答。常用的特殊疑问词词组howmany，howlong，howoften，howsoon，howfar等。在这里重点讲讲how引出的词组的辨析。辨析：how引出的疑问词组(1)howoften意为“多久一次”，提问频率。usually(通常)，often(常常)，sometimes/attimes(有时)，seldom(很少、不常)，hardly(几乎不)，never(决不、从来不)等；短语有onceaday/week/month/year…(每天、周、月或年……一次)；threetimesaday(每天三次)；以every开头的短语也表示频率，例如everyday/week/month/year…(每天、周、月或年……)；everyfiveminutes(每五分钟)，everytwohours(每两小时)等。(2)howfar意为“多远”，提问两地表示两地间距离的短语常见的有fivekilometers(五千米)，afewmiles(数英里)，tenminutes’walk(十分钟的步行路程)，threehours’ride(三小时的车程)等。(3)howlong有两种用法表示一段时间的短语有：“for+一段时间”意为“长达……”，如forfourdays(长达四天)；“since+时间点或时间状语从句”意为“自从……以来”，如since1968/yesterday/twodaysago(自从1968年/昨天/两天前②howlong意为“多长”，提问事物的长度。使用时要注意与howfar的区别。howfar强调某两个地点之间的距离，在疑问句中一般会出现两个地点。howlong提问单个事物本身的长短，与距离—Around6，700kilometerslong.约6，700千米长。—Howlongisthesofa?沙发有多长？—It’stwometerslong.两米长。(4)howsoon意为“多久以后”，对“in+一段时间”提问，意为“……之如insomeweeks(数周后)。(2010广东中考)(5)howmuch有两种用法①“多少钱”，对价格或价钱提问，相当于“What’sthepriceofsth.？”意为“某物多少钱？”。如：—Howmuchisthebike?②“多少”，对不可数名词的数量提问，有时howmuch接的不可数名词可省略。—Howmuchbreadwouldyoulike?你要多少面包？—Fivekilosofbread.(6)howmany“多少”，对复数名词的数量提问，有时howmany接的复数名词可省略。—Howmanywatchesdoyouwant?你要几块手表？—Two(watches).两块。母题训练中考预测()1.(2013广东)—______isitfromthevillagetoyourfarm?—About10minutes’walk.A.HowoftenB.HowsoonC.Howlong()3.—______doyouvisityourgrandparents？—Twiceamonth.A.HowoftenB.HowlongC.HowsoonD.HowfarDA()2.(2010广东)—______willyoucomeback?—Inanhour.A.HowsoonB.HowoftenC.HowfarD.Howlong()4.—Kate，doyouknow______itisfromheretothegym?—Abouttwentyminutes’walk.A.howlongB.howfarC.howsoonD.howoftenAB考点3祈使句()★☆☆用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫作祈使句。祈使句最常用于表达命令，朗读时用降调。祈使句因对象(即主语)是第二人称，所以通常都省略。巧学妙记祈使句无主语，主语you常省去；动词原形谓语当，句首加don’t否定变；朗读应当用降调，句末常标感叹号。1.肯定结构(1)Do型，即:动词原形(+宾语)+其他成分。如:Pleasehaveaseathere.请这边坐。有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下，动词可省略。(2)Be型，即:Be+表语(名词或形容词)+其他成分。如:Beagoodboy!要做一个好孩子!(3)Let型，即:Let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分。如:Letmehelpyou.让我来帮你。Don’tbelateforschool!上学不要迟到!(2)Let型的否定式有两种:“Don’t+let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分”和“Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他成分”。如:(3)有些可用no开头，用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如:Nosmoking!禁止吸烟!Nofishing!禁止钓鱼!母题训练中考预测()1.(2016广东)Tommy，______playbasketballinthestreetnexttime.Youmaygethitbyacar.A.doB.don’tC.mustD.mustn’t()2.—______runinthehallways，Mike.—Sorry，Ms.Clark.A.Don’tB.PleaseC.NoD.NotBA考点4Therebe句型()★★☆1.Therebe句型的结构Therebe句型表示“某处有(存在)某人或某物”，其结构为：Therebe(is，are，was，were)+名词+地点状语。(1)Thereis+第三人称单数可数/不可如：Thereisaruleronthedesk.书桌上有一把尺。Thereissomewaterinthebottle.瓶子里有一些水。(2)Thereare+复数主语+地点状语(介词短语)。如：TherearefourTherearemanyflowersinthepark.公园里有许多花。(3)Thereis+第三人称单数可数+v.-ing+地点状语(介词短语)。如：Thereisabirdsinginginthetree.树上有一只鸟正在唱歌。Therearetwoboysrunningonthestreet.街上有两个男孩正在奔跑。2.各种句式(1)否定句：Therebe句型的否定句式的构成和含有be动词的其他句型一样，注意：no+n.(可数名词单数)=nota/an+n.(可数名词单数)；no+n.(可数名词复数)=notany+n.(可数名词复数)；no+n.(不可数名词)=notany+n.(不可数名词)。如：Thereisanorangeinherbag.Therearesomeorangesinherbag.→Therearen’tanyorangesinherbag.→Therearenoorangesinherbag.Thereissomejuiceinthebottle.→Thereisn’tanyjuiceinthebottle.→Thereisnojuiceinthebottle.(2)一般疑问句及其回答(2017广东中考)在“Thereis/are…”的疑问句中，要把be动词放在there之前，并将句号变问号。(难点:句中出现的some要改成any。)①Thereisanappleonthetree.→Isthereanappleonthetree?肯定回答:Yes，thereis.否定回答:No，thereisn’t.②Therearefivepensonthedesk.→Aretherefivepensonthedesk?肯定回答:Yes，thereare.③Thereissomewaterinthecup.→Isthereanywaterinthecup?肯定回答:Yes，thereis.否定回答:No，thereisn’t.3.注意事项(1)Therebe句型中be动词的形式要和其后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。(2015广东中考)①如果句子的主语是单数可数名词，或是不可数名词，be动词用is或was。如：Thereisabasketballinthebox.Thereisalittlemilkintheglass.玻璃杯里有一点儿牛奶。②如果句子的主语是复数名词，be动词就用are或were。如：Therearemanybirdsinthetree.树上有许多鸟儿。Thereweremanypeopleinthestreetyesterday.昨天街上有许多人。③如果有两个或两个以上的名词作主语，be动词要和最靠近它的那个主语在数上保持一致，也就是我们常说的“就近原则”。如：Thereisanorangeandsomebananasinthebasket.篮子里有一个橘子和一些香蕉。Therearesomebananasandanorangeinthebasket.篮子里有一些香蕉和一个橘子。(如和将来时begoingto/will、现在完成时have/has+动词过去分词、usedto结构等连用)。如：Theremustbeapeninthebox.盒子里肯定有一支钢笔。TherehappenedtobesomemoneyinmyThereisgoingtobeameetingtonight.今晚将有一个会议。Thereusedtobeachurchacrossfromthebank.银行对面曾有一家教堂。母题训练中考预测()1.(2017广东)—Isthereanyoutdoorlearninginyourschool？—______.Welearnoutdoorsonceortwiceeverymonth.A.Yes，thereisB.No，thereisn’t()4.—Isthereawatermelononthetable？—______.A.Yes，thereisB.Yes，itisC.No，thereisD.No，itisn’tAA()2.(2015广东)—______thereanylivingthingsonotherplanets?—Ihavenoideas.Maybewecanknowmoreaboutthatinthefuture.A.IsB.AreC.HasD.Have()5.—______anymilkinthefridge?—No.You’dbetterbuysome.A.IsthereB.ArethereC.HasD.HaveBA()3.(2011广东)—David，there______adictionaryandsomebooksonyourdesk.Pleaseputthemaway.—OK，Mum.I’lldoitrightaway.A.isB.areC.hasD.have()6.There______someflowersontheteacher’sdeskjustnow，butnowthere______nothingonit.A.have；hasB.were；wasC.were；isD.has；hasAC课堂小测目录contents()1.(2017铜仁)—InternationalBigDataEXPO(国际大数据博览会)washeldinGuiyangonMay26th.—______excitingnewsitwas!A.WhatanB.WhataC.WhatD.How()2.(2017济南)—Steveandhistwolittlebrothersmadeamodelplane，andtheywonthefirstprize.—______cleverchildren!CB()3.(2017长春)______wonderfulTheReaderis!ManypeopleenjoythisTVprogram.A.HowB.HowaC.WhatD.Whata()4.(2017安顺)—Wehavebuiltahigh-speedtrainstationinAnshunnow.—Wow，______!It’llbemoreconvenientforus.A.whatanexcitednewsB.howexcitedthenewsisAC()5.(2017扬州)—______badnews!Wedidn’twinthe15thSudirmanCup.—It’sapity.A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Howa()6.(2017西宁)—______excellentworkyouhavedone!—It’sverykindofyoutosayso.A.WhatB.HowC.WhatanD.HowanAA()7.(2017宿迁)—HaveyouheardthatLinTaosavedhisneighborfromabigfirelastnight？—Yes.______braveyoungmanheis!A.HowB.HowaC.WhatD.Whata()8.(2017泰安)—______excitingthespeechabout“theBeltandRoad”was!—Ofcourse!ItwasareallygreatDA()9.(2017营口)—______fineweatheritistoday!Let’sgooutandenjoythesunshine!—Soundsgreat!A.WhatB.HowC.HowaD.What()10.(2017宜昌)—Peoplechoosehigh-speedtrainorself-drivingtotravelonholidays.—______fastthetraditionaltravelwayschange!AB()11.(2017东营)______excitingitis!Ourcountryputherfirsthomemadeaircraftcarrier(国产航空母舰)inthewateronApril26inDalian.A.HowB.WhatC.HowanD.Whatan()12.(2017重庆)—______willyoufinishwritingthereviewoftheIndianmovieDangal？—Intwodays.AC()13.(2017长春)—TheChangchunsubwaywillbeinuse.______willittakeyoutogettoschoolonit？—Onlytenminutes.It’llbequickandconvenient.A.HowmuchB.HowmanyC.HowoftenD.Howlong()14.(2017贵州)—______isitfromLiupanshuiloGuiyang？—It’sabout300kilometers.DD()15.(2017长春)______formeatthebusstationacrossfromthepostoffice.Icanfindyoueasily.A.WaitB.TowaitC.WaitingD.Waits()16.(2017南京)—Excuseme，butcanyoutellmewherethenearestbankis？—Just______goingfortwomoreblocksandyou’llseeit.AA()17.(2017白银)There______abasketballgamebetweenthesetwogradesinthegymthisafternoon.A.willB.isgoingtohaveC.isgoingtobeD.willhave()18.(2017南京)Look!There______aphotoofourEnglishteacherintoday’snewspaper!A.isB.areC.haveD.hasCA()19.(2017安顺)—______thereanythingnewintoday’sQianzhongMorningDaily？—No.Butthere______someinspiringstoriesworthreading.A.Is；isB.Are；areC()20.(2017云南)—Excuseme.Arethereanybookstoresaroundhere？—______，buttherearesomeonCenterStreet.A.Yes，thereareB.No，therearen’tB中考模拟演练目录contents4()1.—ThepassengershipEasternStarcapsized(倾覆)intheYangtzeRiverontheeveningofJune1st.—______badnews!Canwedosomethingtohelpwiththerescue(救援)?A.WhataB.WhatC.HowaD.How()2.______interestingthebookis!Iwanttobuyone，too.BA()3.—______excitingthemovieis!—Sure，Ihaveseenitthreetimes.A.WhatB.WhatanC.HowD.Howan()4.______excellentnewsreporterCB()5.______importantitisforkidstoimaginefreely!A.WhatB.WhataC.WhatanD.How()6.______usefulrobot!ItcanhelpwiththehouseworklikeahumanDD()7.—Listen!Someoneisplayingthepiano.—Wow!______beautifulmusic!Ilikeitverymuch.A.WhatB.HowaC.WhataD.How()8._____________interestingTVprogramRunningManis!Iwatchiteveryweek.A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.WhatAD()9.—Wow!______beautifulthemusicis!—Yes.That’smyfavorite.A.WhatB.WhataC.WhatanD.How()10.—ThesixstudentsfromLianyunganggotthefirstprizeintheChineseCharactersDictationCompetitioninJiangsu.—______excitingnewsitis!DA()11.______deliciousthesebeefnoodlesare!A.WhatB.HowC.WhataD.Howa()12.______greatpicture!Whopaintedit?BD()13.______lovelythesquirrelis!A.WhataB.HowC.WhatD.Howa()14.______necessarythingitistojointhe“CleanYourPlateCampaign(光盘行动)”!BB()15.—Lookatthecloud!Itlookslikearabbit!—Wow.______beautiful!A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Howa()16.—Bob，______isitfromyourhometoschool?—It’sabouttenminutes’walk.A.howlongB.howfarC.howoftenD.howsoonCB()17.—______pocketmoneydoyouusuallygeteverymonth?—Fiftyyuan.Whataboutyou?A.HowoftenB.HowlongC.HowmanyD.Howmuch()18.—Mr.Smith，______isthenewbridge?—Oh，letmesee!It’sabout800metres.A.howoldB.howlongDB()19.—Canyoutellme______youronlineshoppingwillarrive?—Inthreedays，Ithink.A.howlongB.howsoonC.howfarD.howmuch()20.—______doIneedtofeedthepetdog?—Twiceaday.A.HowlongB.HowmuchC.HowsoonD.HowoftenBD()21.—______peopletraveleveryyear?—Perhapswhenwearetalkingaboutit，morethan100planeshavetakenoffaroundtheworld.A.HowmanyB.HowmuchC.HowlongD.Howoften()22.—______doyougotothesupermarket，Amy?—Onceaweek.AD()23.—______willthefogandhazelast?—I’venoidea.Thereisnosignofanend.A.HowsoonB.HowfarC.HowlongD.Howoften()24.—______haveyoubeeninChongqing?—Forfiveyears.A.HowmanyB.HowsoonCD()25—______willthedinnerbeready?—Justaminute.A.HowmuchB.HowlongC.HowsoonD.Howoften()26.Inourschoollibrarythere______anumberofbooksandthenumberofthemisgrowinglargerandlarger.A.isB.hasC.areD.haveCC()27.Whatapity!Mynewcomputerdoesn’twork.______mustbesomethingwrongwithit.A.ItB.ThereC.ThisD.That()28.There______somemilkandapplesinthefridge.BC()29.—ShallwehangoutinGreatBazzar(大巴扎)tomorrow?—I’mafraidnot.______thefinalgameoftheWorldCuponTV.A.ThereisB.TherewillbeC.TherewillhaveD.Thereisgoingtohave()30.—What’sinyourwallet?—There_____________somemoneyandtwoticketsfortoday’se-sportsBA()31.There______somebeefinthefridge.Let’smakesomebeefnoodles.A.amB.isC.areD.be()32.—Listen!There______someone______atthedoor.—Itmustbeyoursister.A.is；knockingB.is；knockC.are；knockingD.are；knockBA()33.—Weorderedbeefnoodles，but______anybeefinthenoodles.—Putonyourglassesandyoucanseethebeef.A.thereisn’tB.thereisC.therearen’tD.thereare()34.There______apencilandsomepensinthebox.A.isB.areC.haveD.hasAA()35.There______lotsofsheepandpigsonmyuncle’sfarmnow.A.wasB.wereC.isD.areD谢谢观看！