专题讲解祈使句及练习

('祈使句一祈使句的用法。1.祈使句的概念。祈使句表命令、警告、提醒、建议、请求、叮嘱、号召等，谓语动词用原形。主语you通常省略，句末用感叹号或句号，例如：Knockatthedoorbeforeentering,please!进来时请敲门！（建议）Lookout!Thereisatraincoming.注意！火车来了!（提醒）Wearstrongshoesasweshalldoalotofwalking.请穿结实的鞋子，因为我们要走许多的路。（叮嘱）Putonyourcoatatonce.Wemusthurry.立刻穿上衣服，我们必须快点（命令）Givebloodifyoucanandmanyliveswillbesaved.如果你能，来献血吧，这会挽救很多人的生命。（号召）2.祈使句的分类。祈使句分为第二人称祈使句，第一人称祈使句和第三人称祈使句。二．第二人称祈使句是以听话人为祈使对象的祈使句，通常用来向听话者发出命令，提出要求或建议。这种祈使句的主语you通常不表示出来，而是已动词原形开头，例如：Keepquiet,please!Openthedoor,please!Hurryup!3.第一人称祈使句是一第一人称代词作为祈使句的对象，这类祈使句通常是以let为引导词表示建议。句子结构为let+me/us+动词原形，例如：Let’sgooutandplay！让我们出去玩吧。Let’splayaguessinggame!我们来玩猜谜游戏吧。Letmehavealook!让我来看一看。Letmetellyou!让我来告诉你。4.第三人称祈使句是以第三人称代词或者名词等作为祈使的对象，以let为引导词，句子结构为let+him/her/it/them/名词+动词原形，例如：Lethimbehereby10o’clock.让他十点前来这儿。Letherdoitbyherself.让他10点前来这儿。Letitgo.让它去吧。典型例题用括号内动词的适当形式填空。Tom,____________(do)thehomeworknow.解题思路：该题句首Tom后面有个逗号，说明是对Tom说话，后面的说话内容是一个祈使句，应该用动词原形开头，用do，意思是“Tom，现在做作业吧。”但是有的学生会忽略逗号。误以为是现在进行时的句子，填成isdoing.三．否定的祈使句。1.第二人称祈使句的否定形式是在整个结构之前加don’t或never,例如：Don’tbenervous!你不要紧张!Don’tmakeanynoise!都别吵人了！Neverbelateagain.别再迟到了。Pleasedon’tforgettotakeyourmedicine.请不要忘记吃药。2.第一人称祈使句的否定结构。是在动词原形前面加not,句型为letme/us/notdosth.例如：Let’snotwasteourtimearguingaboutit!咱们别浪费时间争论这事了！Let’snotsayanythingaboutit!这事咱们谁也别说！Let’snotgobacklate.3.第一人称祈使句的否定结构，是在其句首加didn’t,例如：Don’tlethimplaywiththefire.让他不要玩火！Don’tletanyonecomein.就让任何人进来！Don’tletthemplayalongtheriver.别让他们在河边玩。4.“No+名词或动名词”结构表示禁止，一般用于指示、标牌、布告等，例如：Nosmoking!禁止吸烟！Nospitting!不准随地吐痰！Nolitter!不准乱扔果皮纸屑！Noentry!不许入内！Nothoroughfare!禁止通行！Nopaintingonthewall!墙上不准涂写！Noadmittanceexceptonbusiness!非公莫人！典型例题将下列祈使句改成否定句。(1)Let’sflykitesnow._________________________________________________________解题思路：第一人称祈使句的否定结构，在动词原形前面加not,句型为Letme/usnotdosth.(2)Lethimstayathomealone._______________________________________________________________第三人称祈使句的否定结构，是在其句首加don’t.不要和第一人称祈使句的否定结构混淆起来。用动词的适当形式填空。(1)Alice,___________________(notbe)sadaboutit.解题思路：该题句首Alice后面有个逗号，说明是对Alice说话，后面的说话内容是个祈使句，括号里“notbe”提示为祈使句的否定形式，填don’tbe,意思是“Alice,不要为此而难过了。”但是有的学生会忽略逗号，填成isn’t.过关演练I连词成句。,after,read,me___________________________________________________________,sit,please.___________________________________________________________003.here,come,and,the,blackboard,clean___________________________________________________________,go,and,stand,please___________________________________________________________,window,close,please___________________________________________________________,me,ayo-yo,buy,please___________________________________________________________,listen,me,carefully,please___________________________________________________________,let’s.hide-and-seek___________________________________________________________,make,let’s,mistakes,any___________________________________________________________,don’tlate,class,for___________________________________________________________,me,give,some,cookies,please___________________________________________________________,them,don’t,play,the,along,river___________________________________________________________,don’t,let,in,come___________________________________________________________,hurry,or,be,you’ll,late___________________________________________________________,the,electric,fan,on,please___________________________________________________________II．将下列祈使句改成否定句。,please.___________________________________________________________herahamburger.___________________________________________________________yourteethnow.___________________________________________________________aroundthehouse.___________________________________________________________thebabylaugh.___________________________________________________________thebirdflyaway.___________________________________________________________thedogstayinthecage.___________________________________________________________’sgetreadyforthepicnic.___________________________________________________________’swatchTVaftersupper.___________________________________________________________’scrosstheroadtogether.___________________________________________________________thebednow.___________________________________________________________onyournewshoes.___________________________________________________________themfinishtheirworknow.___________________________________________________________himdoitbyhimself.___________________________________________________________III.将下列祈使句改成肯定句。’tgotherewiththem.___________________________________________________________’ttakeasandwichwithyou.___________________________________________________________’ttakehimtothefunfairwithtomorrow.___________________________________________________________’tturnontheTV.___________________________________________________________’tfeedthebird.___________________________________________________________’twaitforme.___________________________________________________________’tletheropenthewindow.___________________________________________________________’tletthemeatthesweet.___________________________________________________________’snottalkaboutthemovie.___________________________________________________________’snotwalkaroundthetree.___________________________________________________________IV．照样子写句子。例如：Don’tsmoke.Nosmoking.’twalkingonthegrass._________________________________’tmakenoise._________________________________’tlitter._________________________________’tswimhere._________________________________’tfeedtheanimal._________________________________’ttouch._________________________________’tclimbthetree._________________________________’tpaintonthewall._________________________________’tjumpoffthewall._________________________________’tpickflowers._________________________________’ttakephotos._________________________________’teatordrinkhere._________________________________’tshout._________________________________V.用括号内动词的适当形式填空。is(lay)thetable,please.(give)mesomewater,please!(fill)theform,please,and__________(sign)yournamehere.,_______(do)thewashingup,please.,______________(notbe)worry.I’ll__________(be)fine.’s_________(notmake)anymistakes.letthedog_____________(notfollow)me.061.Let’s________(not,chase)thedog.It’sdangerous.andLucy,_________(make)yourselvesathome,please.,______(help)yourselftosomefruit.,_________(take)offyourcoatifyoufeelhot.’s______________(be)friendsand_______(keep)intouch.VI.选择填空。()066._________methebook,please.A.PassB.PassingC．Topass()067.__________makeanynoise.Theyarehavinganexam.A.NotB.NoCDon’t()068.Let’s__________campingthisweekend.A.goB.goingCtogo()069._______lethim__________computergames.It’sbadforhiseyes.A.Not,playB.Don’t,playC.No,playing()070.________withfire.It’sdangerous.A.Don’tplayB.PlayC.Notplay()071.Jack,______paperplaneformenow.A.makesB.makeC.ismaking()072.Dad,__________athome.A.doesn’tsmokeB.isn’tsmokingC.don’tsmoke()073.Let’s__________blowbubblesathome.A.don’tB.notC.no()074.Pleasegowithus,____________A.don’tyouB.willyouC.won’tyou()075.Letmehelpyou,____________A.won’tyouB.willyouC.willI()076.Let‘stakeawalk._______________A.shallweB.willyouC.won’tyou()077.Workhard,________youcan’tpasstheexam.A.andB.butC.or()078.Gostraightahead,_______youwillseethebank.A.andB.butC.or()079.Putonyourcoat,_________youwillcatchacold.A.soB.orC.and()080.Readmore,_____________youwillknowalot.A.andB.soC.orVII.用祈使句改写下列句子，并保持意思不变。mustn’teatordrinkinclass.__________________________________________________________________mustn’tplayfootballinthestreet.__________________________________________________________________mustlistentotheteachercarefullyinclass.__________________________________________________________________mustfinishyourhomeworkontimeeveryday.__________________________________________________________________can’ttakephotosinthemuseum.__________________________________________________________________can’tclimbthetreesinthepark.__________________________________________________________________can’tswiminthelake.__________________________________________________________________can’tjumpoffthewall.__________________________________________________________________mustkeepquietinthehospital.__________________________________________________________________mustfollowtheschoolrulesatschool.__________________________________________________________________can’twalkonthegrassinthepark.__________________________________________________________________can’tgiveuplearningEnglish.__________________________________________________________________VIII.根据中午提示，将下列句子翻译成英文，每空一词。093.不要再太阳底下看书，这对眼睛不好。_________________booksinthesun.It’sbadforyoureyes.094.不要吃太多糖，这对牙齿不好。_________________toomanysweets,it’sbadforyouteeth.095.每天吃一个苹果，你可以不用看医生。__________________________aday,andyoucankeepthedoctoraway.096.多做点运动，你就可以保持健康。__________________________,andyoucankeephealthy.097.每天读英语，你的英语就会有进步。___________________everyday,andyoucanimproveyourEnglish.098.相信自己，你也做得到。________incandoittoo!099.不要担心，一切都会好好起来。_______willbeOK.100.永不放弃。____________________die.',)