2015年6月英语6级考试真题(三套全)及答案

('2015年6月大学英语六级考试真题（第一套）PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionA1.A)Prepareforhisexams.B)Catchuponhiswork.C)Attendtheconcert.D)Goonavacation.2.A)Threecrewmemberswereinvolvedintheincident.B)Noneofthehijackerscarriedanydeadlyweapons.C)TheplanehadbeenscheduledtoflytoJapan.D)Noneofthepassengerswereinjuredorkilled.3.A)Anarticleabouttheelection.B)Atediousjobtobedone.C)Anelectioncampaign.D)Afascinatingtopic.4.A)Therestaurantwasnotuptothespeakers\'expectations.B)Therestaurantplacesmanyadsinpopularmagazines.C)ThecriticthoughthighlyoftheChineserestaurant.D)Chinatownhasgotthebestrestaurantinthecity.5.A)Heisgoingtovisithismotherinthehospital.B)Heisgoingtotakeonanewjobnextweek.C)Hehasmanythingstodealwithrightnow.D)Hebehavesinawaynobodyunderstands.6.A)Alargenumberofstudentsrefusedtovotelastnight.B)Atleasttwentystudentsareneededtovoteonanissue.C)Majorcampusissueshadtobediscussedatthemeeting.D)Morestudentshavetoappeartomaketheirvoiceheard.7.A)Thewomancanhardlytellwhatshelikes.B)ThespeakerslikewatchingTVverymuch.C)ThespeakershavenothingtodobutwatchTV.D)ThemanseldomwatchedTVbeforeretirement.8.A)Thewomanshouldhaveretiredearlier.4B)Hewillhelpthewomansolvetheproblem.C)Hefindsithardtoagreewithwhatthewomansays.D)Thewomanwillbeabletoattendtheclassesshewants.Questions9to12arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.9.A)Persuadethemantojoinhercompany.B)Employthemostup-to-datetechnology.C)Exportbikestoforeignmarkets.D)Expandtheirdomesticbusiness.10.A)Thestatesubsidizessmallandmediumenterprises.B)Thegovernmenthascontroloverbicycleimports.C)Theycancompetewiththebestdomesticmanufactures.D)Theyhaveacostadvantageandcanchargehigherprices.11.A)Extracostsmighteatuptheirprofitsabroad.B)Moreworkerswillbeneededtodopackaging.C)Theymightlosetoforeignbikemanufacturers.D)Itisverydifficulttofindsuitablelocalagents.12.A)Reporttothemanagement.B)Attractforeigninvestments.C)Conductafeasibilitystudy.D)Consultfinancialexperts.Questions13to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.13.A)Coalburntdailyforthecomfortofourhomes.B)Anythingthatcanbeusedtoproducepower.C)Fuelrefinedfromoilextractedfromunderground.D)Electricitythatkeepsallkindsofmachinesrunning.14.A)Oilwillsoonbereplacedbyalternativeenergysources.B)Oilreservesintheworldwillbeexhaustedinadecade.C)Oilconsumptionhasgivenrisetomanyglobalproblems.D)Oilproductionwillbegintodeclineworldwideby2015.15.A)Minimizetheuseoffossilfuels.B)Startdevelopingalternativefuels.C)Findtherealcauseforglobalwarming.D)Takestepstoreducethegreenhouseeffect.SectionBPassageOneQuestions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Theabilitytopredictfashiontrends.B)Arefinedtasteforartisticworks.C)Yearsofpracticalexperience.D)Strictprofessionaltraining.17.A)PromotingallkindsofAmericanhand-madespecialities.B)Strengtheningcooperationwithforeigngovernments.C)Conductingtradeinartworkswithdealersoverseas.D)Purchasinghandicraftsfromallovertheworld.18.A)Shehasaccesstofashionablethings.B)Sheisdoingwhatsheenjoysdoing.C)Shecanenjoylifeonamodestsalary.D)Sheisfreetodowhatevershewants.PassageTwoQuestions19to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)Joininneighborhoodpatrols.B)Getinvolvedinhiscommunity.C)Voicehiscomplaintstothecitycouncil.D)Makesuggestionstothelocalauthorities.20.A)Deteriorationinthequalityoflife.B)Increaseofpolicepatrolsatnight.C)Renovationofthevacantbuildings.D)Violationofcommunityregulations.21.A)Theymaytakealongtimetosolve.B)Theyneedassistanceformthecity.C)Theyhavetobedealtwithonebyone.D)Theyaretoobigforindividualefforts.22.A)Hehadgotsomegroceriesatabigdiscount.B)Hehadreadafunnyposternearhisseat.C)Hehaddoneasmalldeedofkindness.D)Hehadcaughtthebusjustintime.PassageThreeQuestions23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.23.A)Childhoodandfamilygrowth.B)Pressureanddisease.C)Familylifeandhealth.D)Stressanddepression.24.A)Itexperiencedaseriesofmisfortunes.B)Itwasintheprocessofreorganization.C)Hismotherdiedofasuddenheartattack.D)Hiswifelefthimbecauseofhisbadtemper.25.A)Theywouldgivehimatriplebypasssurgery.B)Theycouldremovetheblockinhisartery.C)Theycoulddonothingtohelphim.D)Theywouldtryhardtosavehislife.SectionCWhenmostpeoplethinkoftheword“education”,theythinkofapupilasasortofanimatesausagecasing.Intothisemptycasting,theteachers(26)stuff“education.”Butgenuineeducation,asSocratesknewmorethantwothousandyearsago,isnot(27)thestuffingofinformationintoaperson,butratherelicitingknowledgefromhim;itisthe(28)ofwhatisinthemind.“Themostimportantpartofeducation,”oncewroteWilliamErnestHocking,the(29)Harvardphilosopher,“isthisinstructionofamaninwhathehasinsideofhim.”And,asEdithHamiltonhasremindedus,Socratesneversaid,“Iknow,learnfromme。”Hesaid,rather,“Lookintoyourownselvesandfindthe(30)ofthetruththatGodhasputintoeveryheartandthatonlyyoucankindle(点燃)toa(31).”Inadialogue,Socratestakesanignorantslaveboy,withoutadayof(32),andprovestotheamazedobserversthattheboyreally“knows”geometry一becausetheprinciplesofgeometryarealreadyinhismind,waitingtobecalledout.Somanyofthediscussionsand(33)aboutthecontentofeducationareuselessandinconclusivebecausethey(34)whatshould“gointo”thestudentratherthanwithwhatshouldbetakenout,andhowthiscanbestbedone.Thecollegestudentwhooncesaidtome,afteralecture,“IspendsomuchtimestudyingthatIdon\'thaveachancetolearnanything,”wasclearlyexpressinghis(35)withthesausagecasingviewofeducation.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)ReadingcomprehensionSectionAInnovation,theelixir(灵丹妙药)ofprogress,hasalwayscostpeopletheirjobs.IntheIndustrialRevolutionhandweaverswere___36___asidebythemechanicalloom.Overthepast30yearsthedigitalrevolutionhas___37___manyofthemid-skilljobsthatunderpinned20th-centurymiddle-classlife.Typists,ticketagents,banktellersandmanyproduction-linejobshavebeendispensedwith,justastheweaverswere.Forthosewhobelievethattechnologicalprogresshasmadetheworldabetterplace,suchdisruptionisanaturalpartofrising___38___.Althoughinnovationkillssomejobs,itcreatesnewandbetterones,asamore___39___societybecomesricheranditswealthierinhabitantsdemandmoregoodsandservices.AhundredyearsagooneinthreeAmericanworkerswas___40___onafarm.Todaylessthan2%ofthemproducefarmorefood.Themillionsfreedfromthelandwerenotrendered___41___,butfoundbetter-paidworkastheeconomygrewmoresophisticated.Todaythepoolofsecretarieshas___42___,butthereareevermorecomputerprogrammersandwebdesigners.Optimismremainstherightstarting-point,butforworkersthedislocatingeffectsoftechnologymaymakethemselvesevidentfasterthanits___43___.Evenifnewjobsandwonderfulproductsemerge,intheshorttermincomegapswillwiden,causinghugesocialdislocationandperhapsevenchangingpolitics.Technology\'s___44___willfeellikeatornado(旋风),hittingtherichworldfirst,but___45___sweepingthroughpoorercountriestoo.Nogovernmentispreparedforit.A）benefitsB）displacedC）employedD）eventuallyE）impactF）joblessG）primarilyH）productiveI）prosperityJ）responsiveK）rhythmL）sentimentsM）shrunkN）sweptO）withdrawnSectionBWhytheMonaLisaStandsOut[A]Haveyoueverfallenforanovelandbeenamazednottofinditonlistsofgreatbooks?Orwalkedaroundasculpturerenownedasaclassic,strugglingtoseewhatthefussisabout?Ifso,you’veprobablyponderedthequestionCuttingaskedhimselfthatday:howdoesaworkofartcometobeconsideredgreat?[B]Theintuitiveansweristhatsomeworksofartarejustgreat:ofintrinsicallysuperiorquality.Thepaintingsthatwinprimespotsingalleries,gettaughtinclassesandreproducedinbooksaretheonesthathaveprovedtheirartisticvalueovertime.Ifyoucan’tseethey’resuperior,that’syourproblem.It’sanintimidatinglyneatexplanation.Butsomesocialscientistshavebeenaskingawkwardquestionsofit,raisingthepossibilitythatartisticcanonsarelittlemorethanfossilisedhistoricalaccidents.[C]Cutting,aprofessoratCornellUniversity,wonderedifapsychologicalmechanismknownasthe“mere-exposureeffect”playedaroleindecidingwhichpaintingsrisetothetopoftheculturalleague.Cuttingdesignedanexperimenttotesthishunch.Overalecturecourseheregularlyshowedundergraduatesworksofimpressionismfortwosecondsatatime.Someofthepaintingswerecanonical,includedinart-historybooks.Otherswerelesserknownbutofcomparablequality.Thesewereexposedfourtimesasoften.Afterwards,thestudentspreferredthemtothecanonicalworks,whileacontrolgroupofstudentslikedthecanonicalonesbest.Cutting’sstudentshadgrowntolikethosepaintingsmoresimplybecausetheyhadseenthemmore.[D]Cuttingbelieveshisexperimentoffersaclueastohowcanonsareformed.Hepointsoutthatthemostreproducedworksofimpressionismtodaytendtohavebeenboughtbyfiveorsixwealthyandinfluentialcollectorsinthelate19thcentury.Thepreferencesofthesemenbestowedprestigeoncertainworks,whichmadetheworksmorelikelytobehungingalleriesandprintedinanthologies.Thefamepasseddowntheyears,gainingmomentumfrommereexposureasitdidso.Themorepeoplewereexposedto,themoretheylikedit,andthemoretheylikedit,themoreitappearedinbooks,onpostersandinbigexhibitions.Meanwhile,academicsandcriticscreatedsophisticatedjustificationsforitspre-eminence.Afterall,it’snotjustthemasseswhotendtoratewhattheyseemoreoftenmorehighly.AscontemporaryartistslikeWarholandDamienHirsthavegrasped,criticalacclaimisdeeplyentwinedwithpublicity.“Scholars”,Cuttingargues,“arenodifferentfromthepublicintheeffectsofmereexposure.”[E]TheprocessdescribedbyCuttingevokesaprinciplethatthesociologistDuncanWattscalls“cumulativeadvantage”:onceathingbecomespopular,itwilltendtobecomemorepopularstill.Afewyearsago,Watts,whoisemployedbyMicrosofttostudythedynamicsofsocialnetworks,hadasimilarexperiencetoCuttinginanotherParismuseum.Afterqueuingtoseethe“MonaLisa”initsclimate-controlledbulletproofboxattheLouvre,hecameawaypuzzled:whywasitconsideredsosuperiortothethreeotherLeonardosinthepreviouschamber,towhichnobodyseemedtobepayingtheslightestattention?[F]WhenWattslookedintothehistoryof“thegreatestpaintingofalltime”,hediscoveredthat,formostofitslife,the“MonaLisa”remainedinrelativeobscurity.Inthe1850s,LeonardodaVinciwasconsiderednomatchforgiantsofRenaissanceartlikeTitianandRaphael,whoseworkswereworthalmosttentimesasmuchasthe“MonaLisa”.Itwasonlyinthe20thcenturythatLeonardo’sportraitofhispatron’swiferocketedtothenumber-onespot.Whatpropelledittherewasn’tascholarlyre-evaluation,butatheft.[G]In1911amaintenanceworkerattheLouvrewalkedoutofthemuseumwiththe“MonaLisa”hiddenunderhissmock.Parisianswereaghastatthetheftofapaintingtowhich,untilthen,theyhadpaidlittleattention.Whenthemuseumreopened,peoplequeuedtoseethegapwherethe“MonaLisa”hadoncehunginawaytheyhadneverdoneforthepaintingitself.Fromthenon,the“MonaLisa”cametorepresentWesterncultureitself.[H]Althoughmanyhavetried,itdoesseemimprobablethatthepainting’suniquestatuscanbeattributedentirelytothequalityofitsbrushstrokes.Ithasbeensaidthatthesubject’seyesfollowthevieweraroundtheroom.Butasthepainting’sbiographer,DonaldSassoon,drylynotes,“Inrealitytheeffectcanbeobtainedfromanyportrait.”DuncanWattsproposesthatthe“MonaLisa”ismerelyanextremeexampleofageneralrule.Paintings,poemsandpopsongsarebuoyedorsunkbyrandomeventsorpreferencesthatturnintowavesofinfluence,ripplingdownthegenerations.[I]“Sayingthatculturalobjectshavevalue,”BrianEnooncewrote,“islikesayingthattelephoneshaveconversations.”Nearlyalltheculturalobjectsweconsumearrivewrappedininheritedopinion;ourpreferencesarealways,tosomeextent,someoneelse’s.Visitorstothe“MonaLisa”knowtheyareabouttovisitthegreatestworkofarteverandcomeawayappropriatelyimpressed—orletdown.Anaudienceataperformanceof“Hamlet”knowitisregardedasaworkofgenius,sothatiswhattheymostlysee.Wattsevencallsthepre-eminenceofShakespearea“historicalaccident”.[J]Althoughtherigidhigh-lowdistinctionfellapartinthe1960s,westillusecultureasabadgeofidentity.Today’sfashionforeclecticism—“IloveBach,AbbaandJayZ”—is,ShamusKhan,aColumbiaUniversitypsychologist,argues,anewwayforthemiddleclasstodistinguishthemselvesfromwhattheyperceivetobethenarrowtastesofthosebeneaththeminthesocialhierarchy.[K]Theintrinsicqualityofaworkofartisstartingtoseemlikeitsleastimportantattribute.Butperhapsit’smoresignificantthanoursocialscientistsallow.Firstofall,aworkneedsacertainqualitytobeeligibletobeswepttothetopofthepile.The“MonaLisa”maynotbeaworthyworldchampion,butitwasintheLouvreinthefirstplace,andnotbyaccident.Secondly,somestuffissimplybetterthanotherstuff.Read“Hamlet”afterreadingeventhegreatestofShakespeare’scontemporaries,andthedifferencemaystrikeyouasunarguable.[L]AstudyintheBritishJournalofAestheticssuggeststhattheexposureeffectdoesn’tworkthesamewayoneverything,andpointstoadifferentconclusionabouthowcanonsareformed.Thesocialscientistsarerighttosaythatweshouldbealittleskepticalofgreatness,andthatweshouldalwayslookinthenextroom.Greatartandmediocritycangetconfused,evenbyexperts.Butthat’swhyweneedtosee,andread,asmuchaswecan.Themorewe’reexposedtothegoodandthebad,thebetterweareattellingthedifference.Theeclecticistshaveit.46.AccordingtoDuncanWatts,thesuperiorityofthe"MonaLisa"toLeonardo\'sotherworksresultedfromthecumulativeadvantage.47.Somesocialscientistshaveraiseddoubtsabouttheintrinsicvalueofcertainworksofart.48.Itisoftenrandomeventsorpreferencesthatdeterminethefateofapieceofart.49.Inhisexperiment,Cuttingfoundthathissubjectslikedlesserknownworksbetterthancanonicalworksbecauseofmoreexposure.50.Theauthorthinksthegreatnessofanartworkstillliesinitsintrinsicvalue.51.Itistrueofcriticsaswellasordinarypeoplethatthepopularityofartisticworksiscloselyassociatedwithpublicity.52.Weneedtoexposeourselvestomoreartandliteratureinordertotellthesuperiorfromtheinferior.53.Astudyofthehistoryofthegreatestpaintingssuggestsevenagreatworkofartcouldexperienceyearsofneglect.54.Cultureisstillusedasamarktodistinguishonesocialclassfromanother.55.Opinionsaboutandpreferencesforculturalobjectsareofteninheritable.SectionCPassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whentherightpersonisholdingtherightjobattherightmoment,thatperson\'sinfluenceisgreatlyexpanded.ThatisthepositioninwhichJanetYellen,whoisexpectedtobeconfirmedasthenextchairoftheFederalReserveBank(Fed)inJanuary,nowfindsherself.Ifyoubelieve,asmanydo,thatunemploymentisthemajoreconomicandsocialconcernofourday,thenitisnostretchtothinkYellenisthemostpowerfulpersonintheworldrightnow.Throughoutthe2008financialcrisisandtherecessionandrecoverythatfollowed,centralbankshavetakenontheroleofstimulatorsoflastresort,holdinguptheglobaleconomywithvastamountsofmoneyintheformofassetbuying.Yellen,previouslyaFedvicechair,wasoneoftheprincipalarchitectsoftheFed\'s$3.8trillionmoneydump.Astareconomistknownforhergroundbreakingworkonlabormarkets,Yeilenwasakindofprophetessearlyoninthecrisisforherwarningsaboutthesubprime（次级债）meltdown.NowitwillbeherjobtogettheFedandthemarketsoutofthebiggestandmostunconventionalmonetaryprograminhistorywithoutderailingthefragilerecovery.ThegoodnewsisthatYellen,67,isparticularlywellsuitedtomeetthesechallenges.Shehasakeenunderstandingoffinancialmarkets,anappreciationfortheirimperfectionsandastrongbeliefthathumansufferingwasmorerelatedtounemploymentthananythingelse.SomeexpertsworrythatYellenwillbeinclinedtochaseunemploymenttotheneglectofinflation.Butwithwagesstillrelativelyflatandtheeconomyincreasinglydividedbetweenthewell-offandthelong-termunemployed\'morepeopleworryabouttheopposite,deflation（通货紧缩）thatwouldaggravatetheeconomy\'sproblems.Eitherway,theincomingFedchiefwillhavetowalkafinelineinslowlyendingthestimulus.Itmustbesteadyenoughtodeflatebubbles（去泡沫）andbringmarketsbackdowntoearthbutnotsoquickthatitcreatesanothercreditcrisis.UnlikemanypastFedleaders,Yellenisnotonetobuyintothefinanceindustry\'sargumentthatitshouldbeleftalonetoregulateitself.SheknowsallalongtheFedhasbeentooslackonregulationoffinance.Yellenislikelytoaddressrightaftershepushesunemploymentbelow6%,stabilizesmarketsandmakessurethattherecoveryismoreinclusiveandrobust.AsPrincetonProfessorAlanBlindersays\'"She\'ssmartasawhip,deeplylogical,willingtoarguebutalsoagoodlistener.Shecanpersuadewithoutcreatinghostility."AHthosetraitswillbeusefulastheglobaleconomy\'snewpowerplayertakesonitsmostannoyingproblems.56.WhatdomanypeoplethinkisthebiggestproblemfacingJanetYellen?A)Lackofmoney.B)Subprimecrisis.C)Unemployment.D)Socialinstability.57.WhatdidYellenhelptheFeddototacklethe2008financialcrisis?A)Takeeffectivemeasurestocurbinflation.B)DeflatethebubblesintheAmericaneconomy.C)Formulatepoliciestohelpfinancialinstitutions.D)Pourmoneyintothemarketthroughassetbuying.58.Whatisagreaterconcernofthegeneralpublic?A)Recession.B)Deflation.C)Inequality.D)Income.59.WhatisYellenlikelytodoinherpositionastheFedchief?A)Developanewmonetaryprogram.B)Restorepublicconfidence.C)Tightenfinancialregulation.D)Reformthecreditsystem.60.HowdoesAlanBlinderportrayYellen?A)Shepossessesstrongpersuasivepower.B)Shehasconfidenceinwhatsheisdoing.C)Sheisoneoftheworld\'sgreatesteconomists.D)SheisthemostpowerfulFedchiefinhistory.PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Airpollutionisdeterioratinginmanyplacesaroundtheworld.Thefactthatpublicparksincitiesbecomecrowdedassoonasthesunshinesprovesthatpeoplelongtobreatheingreen,openspaces.Theydonotallknowwhattheyareseekingbuttheyflockthere,nevertheless.And,inthesesurroundings,theyaregenerallybothpeacefulandpeaceable.Itisraretoseepeoplefightinginagarden.Perhapsstruggleunfoldsfirst,notataneconomicorsociallevel,butovertheappropriationofair,essentialtolifeitself.Ifhumanbeingscanbreatheandshareair,theydon\'tneedtostrugglewithoneanother.Unfortunately,inourwesterntradition,neithermaterialistnoridealisttheoreticiansgiveenoughconsiderationtothisbasicconditionforlife.Asforpoliticians,despiteproposingcurbsonenvironmentalpollution,theyhavenotyetcalledforittobemadeacrime.Wealthycountriesareevenallowedtopolluteiftheypayforit.Butisourlifeworthanythingotherthanmoney?Theplantworldshowsusinsilencewhatfaithfulnesstolifeconsistsof.Italsohelpsustoanewbeginning,urgingustocareforourbreath,notonlyatavitalbutalsoataspirituallevel.Theinterdependencetowhichwemustpaytheclosestattentionisthatwhichexistsbetweenourselvesandtheplantworld.Oftendescribedas"thelungsoftheplanet",thewoodsthatcovertheearthofferusthegiftofbreathableairbyreleasingoxygen.Buttheircapacitytorenewtheairpollutedbyindustryhaslongreacheditslimit.Ifwelacktheairnecessaryforahealthylife,itisbecausewehavefilleditwithchemicalsandundercuttheabilityofplantstoregenerateit.Asweknow,rapiddeforestationcombinedwiththemassiveburningoffossilfuelsisanexplosiverecipeforanirreversibledisaster.Thefightovertheappropriationofresourceswillleadtheentireplanettohellunlesshumanslearntosharelife,bothwitheachotherandwithplants.Thistaskissimultaneouslyethicalandpoliticalbecauseitcanbedischargedonlywheneachtakesituponherselforhimselfandonlywhenitisaccomplishedtogetherwithothers.Thelessontaughtbyplantsisthatsharinglifeexpandsandenhancesthesphereoftheliving,whiledividinglifeintoso-callednaturalorhumanresourcesdiminishesit.Wemustcometoviewtheair,theplantsandourselvesasthecontributorstothepreservationoflifeandgrowth,ratherthanawebofquantifiableobjectsorproductivepotentialitiesatourdisposal.Perhapsthenwewouldfinallybegintolive,ratherthanbeingconcernedwithbaresurvival.61.Whatdoestheauthorassumemightbetheprimaryreasonthatpeoplewouldstrugglewitheachother?A)Togettheirshareofcleanair.B)Topursueacomfortablelife.C)Togainahighersocialstatus.D)Toseekeconomicbenefits.62.Whatdoestheauthoraccusewesternpoliticiansof?A)Deprivingcommonpeopleoftherighttocleanair.B)Givingprioritytotheoryratherthanpracticalaction.C)Offeringpreferentialtreatmenttowealthycountries.D)Failingtopasslawstocurbenvironmentalpollution.63.Whatdoestheauthortrytodrawourclosestattentionto?A)Themassiveburningoffossilfuels.B)Ourrelationshiptotheplantworld.C)Thecapacityofplantstorenewpollutedair.D)Large-scaledeforestationacrosstheworld.64.Howcanhumanbeingsaccomplishthegoalofprotectingtheplanetaccordingtotheauthor?A)Byshowingrespectforplants.B)Bypreservingallformsoflife.C)Bytappingallnaturalresources.D)Bypoolingtheireffortstogether.65.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestwedoinordernotjusttosurvive?A)Expandthesphereofliving.B)Developnature\'spotentials.C)Sharelifewithnature.D)Allocatetheresources.PartIVTranslation(30minutes)中国传统的待客之道要求饭菜丰富多样，让客人吃不完。中国宴席上典型的菜单包括开席的一套凉菜及其后的热菜，例如：肉类，鸡鸭，蔬菜等。大多数宴席上，全鱼被认为是必不可少的，除非已经上过各式海鲜。如今，中国人喜欢把西方特色菜与传统中式菜肴溶于一席，因此牛排上桌也不少见。沙拉也已流行起来，尽管传统上中国人一般不吃任何未经烹饪的菜肴。宴席通常至少有一道汤，可以最先或最后上桌。甜点和水果通常标志宴席的结束。2015年6月大学英语六级考试真题（第二套）PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionA1.A)Thewomanseldomspeakshighlyofherself.B)Themanisunhappywiththewoman\'sremark.C)Themanbehavesasifhewereathoroughfool.D)Thewomanthinkssheisclevererthantheman.2.A)Threecrewmemberswereinvolvedintheincident.B)Noneofthehijackerscarriedanydeadlyweapons.C)TheplanehadbeenscheduledtoflytoJapan.D)Noneofthepassengerswereinjuredorkilled.3.A)Atacheckoutcounter.B)Atacommercialbank.C)Atatravelagency.D)Atahotelfrontdesk.4.A)Therestaurantwasnotuptothespeakers\'expectations.B)Therestaurantplacesmanyadsinpopularmagazines.C)ThecriticthoughthighlyoftheChineserestaurant.D)Chinatownhasgotthebestrestaurantsinthecity.5.A)Prof.Laurencehasstoppedconductingseminars.B)Prof.Laurenceisgoingintoanactiveretirement.C)Theprofessor\'sgraduateseminariswellreceived.D)Theprofessorwillleadaquietlifeafterretirement.6.A)FindingareplacementforLeon.B)AssigningLeontoanewposition.C)ArrangingforRodney\'svisittomorrow.D)FindingasolutiontoRodney\'sproblem.7.A)Helenhasbeenlookingforwardtotheexhibition.B)Thephotographyexhibitionwillclosetomorrow.C)Helenaskedthemantobookaticketforher.D)PhotographyisoneofHelen\'smanyhobbies.8.A)Thespeakerssharethesameopinion.B)Steveknowshowtomotivateemployees.C)Thewomanisoutoftouchwiththerealworld.D)ThemanhasabetterunderstandingofSteve.Questions9to12arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.9.A)Itiswellpaid.B)Itisdemanding.C)Itisstimulating.D)Itisfairlysecure.10.A)Alighterworkload.B)Freeaccommodation.C)Movingexpenses.D)Aquickpromotion.11.A)Hehastosignalong-termcontract.B)Hehastroubleadaptingtothelocalweather.C)Hehastospendalotmoretravelingbackandforth.D)Hehasdifficultycommunicatingwithlocalpeople.12.A)Thewomansympathizeswiththeman.B)Themanisintheprocessofjobhunting.C)Themanisgoingtoattendajobinterview.D)Thewomanwillhelpthemanmakeachoice.Questions13to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.13.A)Toseeifhecangetaloanfromthewoman\'sbank.B)Toseeifhecanfindajobinthewoman\'scompany.C)Toinquireaboutthecurrentfinancialmarketsituation.D)Toinquireabouttheinterestratesatthewoman\'sbank.14.A)Long-terminvestment.B)Anyhigh-interestdeposit.C)Athree-monthdeposit.D)Anyhigh-yieldinvestment.15.A)Shetreatedhimtoameal.B)Sheraisedinterestratesforhim.C)Sheofferedhimdiningcoupons.D)Shegavehimloansatlowrates.SectionBPassageOneQuestions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Theabilitytopredictfashiontrends.B)Arefinedtasteforartisticworks.C)Yearsofpracticalexperience.D)Strictprofessionaltraining.17.A)PromotingallkindsofAmericanhand-madespecialties.B)Strengtheningcooperationwithforeigngovernments.C)Conductingtradeinartworkswithdealersoverseas.D)Purchasinghandicraftsfromallovertheworld.18.A)Shehasaccesstofashionablethings.B)Sheisdoingwhatsheenjoysdoing.C)Shecanenjoylifeonamodestsalary.D)Sheisfreetodowhatevershewants.PassageTwoQuestions19to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)Itsroleistoregulateinternationalcoffeeprices.B)Itrepresentsseveralcountriesthatexportcoffee.C)Itsmostimportanttaskistoconductcoffeestudies.D)ItisaPortuguesecompanysellingcoffeeinNewYork.20.A)Theincreasedcoffeeconsumption.B)Thefluctuationofcoffeeprices.C)ThefreezingweatherinBrazil.D)Theimpactofglobalwarming.21.A)Heisaheavycoffeedrinker.B)Heistall,richandintelligent.C)Heisdoingabachelor\'sdegree.D)Heisyoung,handsomeandsingle.22.A)Avisittoseveralcoffee-growingplantations.B)Avacationonsomebeautifultropicalbeach.C)Coffeepricesandhisadvertisingcampaign.D)Aquickpromotionandahandsomeincome.PassageThreeQuestions23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.23.A)Theyweredelayedbythetrainforhours.B)Theywerelateforthefirstmorningbus.C)Theyboardedawrongcoachinahurry.D)Theywereheldupinatrafficjam.24.A)Itwaspostponedduetoterribleweather.B)Itwasspoiledbypooraccommodations.C)Itwasthemostexcitingtriptheyeverhad.D)Itwascanceledbecauseofanunexpectedstrike.25.A)Gooverseas.B)Stayathome.C)Takeescortedtrips.D)Takeromanticcruises.SectionCWhywouldananimalkillitself?Itseemsastrangequestion,andyetitisonethathas(26)____somepeopleforalongtime.Thelemming（旅鼠）isonesuchanimal.Lemmingsperiodicallycommitmass(27)____,andnooneknowsjustwhy!Thesmall(28)____,whichinhabittheScandinavianmountains,sustainthemselvesonadietofrootsandliveinneststheymakeunderground.Whentheirfoodsupplyis(29)____large,thelemmingsliveanormal,undisturbedlife.However,whenthelemmings\'foodsupplybecomestoolowtosupportthepopulation,asingular(30)____commences.Thelemmingsleavetheirnestsalltogetheratthesametime,forminghugecrowds.GreatnumbersofthelemmingsbeginalongandhardjourneyacrosstheScandinavianplains,ajourneythatmaylastweeks.Thelemmingseateverythingintheirpath,continuingtheir(31)____marchuntiltheyreachthesea.Thereasonforwhatfollowsremainsamysteryforzoologistsandnaturalists.Uponreachingthecoast,thelemmingsdonotstopbutswimbythethousandsintothesurf.Most(32)____onlyashorttimebeforetheytire,sinkanddrown.Acommontheoryforthisunusualphenomenonisthatthelemmingsdonotrealizethattheoceanissuch(33)____water.Intheircross-countryjourney,theanimalsmusttraversemanysmallerbodiesofwater,suchasriversandsmalllakes.Theymay(34)____thattheseaisjustanothersuchswimmable(35)____.Butnofinalanswerhasbeenfoundtothemystery.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionAQuestions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage."Thatwhichdoesnotkillusmakesusstronger."Butparentscan\'thandleitwhenteenagersputthis36____intopractice.Nowtechnologyhasbecomethenewfieldfortheage-oldbattlebetweenadultsandtheirfreedom-seekingkids.Lockedindoors,unabletogetontheirbicyclesandhangoutwiththeirfriends,teenshaveturnedtosocialmediaandtheirmobilephonestosocializewiththeirpeers.Whattheydoonlineoften37____whattheymightotherwisedoiftheirmobilityweren\'tsoheavily38____intheageofhelicopterparenting.Socialmediaandsmart-phoneappshavebecomesopopularinrecentyearsbecauseteensneedaplacetocalltheirown.Theywantthefreedomto39____theiridentityandtheworldaroundthem.Insteadof40____out,theyjumponline.Asteenshavemovedonline,parentshaveprojectedtheirfearsontotheInternet,imaginingallthe41____dangersthatyouthmightface一from42____strangerstocruelpeerstopicturesorwordsthatcouldhauntthemonGooglefortherestoftheirlives.Ratherthanhelpingteensdevelopstrategiesfornegotiatingpubliclifeandtherisksof43____withothers,fear-fullparentshavefocusedontracking,monitoringandblocking.Thesetactics（策略）don\'thelpteensdeveloptheskillstheyneedtomanagecomplexsocialsituations,44____risksandgethelpwhenthey\'reintrouble."Protecting"kidsmayfeelliketherightthingtodo,butit45____thelearningthatteensneedtodoastheycomeofageinatechnology-soakedworld.A)assessB)constrainedC)containsD)exploreE)influenceF)interactingG)interpretationH)magnifiedI)mirrorsJ)philosophyK)potentialL)sneakingM)stickingN)underminesO)violentSectionBInequalityIsNotInevitable[A]Adangeroustrendhasdevelopedoverthispastthirdofacentury.AcountrythatexperiencedsharedgrowthafterWorldWarIIbegantotearapart,somuchsothatwhentheGreatRecessionhitinlate2007,onecouldnolongerignorethedivisionthathadcometodefinetheAmericaneconomiclandscape.Howdidthis"shiningcityonahill"becometheadvancedcountrywiththegreatestlevelofinequality?[B]Overthepastyearandahalf,TheGreatdivide,aseriesinTheNewYorkTimes,haspresentedawiderangeofexamplesthatunderminethenotionthatthereareanytrulyfundamentallawsofcapitalism.Thedynamicsoftheimperialcapitalismofthe19thcenturyneedn\'tapplyinthedemocraciesofthe21st.wedon\'tneedtohavethismuchinequalityinAmerica.[C]Ourcurrentbrandofcapitalismisafakecapitalism.ForproofofthisgobacktoourresponsetotheGreatRecession,wherewesocializedlosses,evenasweprivatizedgains.Perfectcompetitionshoulddriveprofitstozero,atleasttheoretically,butwehavemonopoliesmakingpersistentlyhighprofits.C.E.O.senjoyincomesthatareonaverage295timesthatofthetypicalworker,amuchhigherratiothaninthepast,withoutanyevidenceofaproportionateincreaseinproductivity.[D]IfitisnotthecruellawsofeconomicsthathaveledtoAmerica\'sgreatdivide,whatisit?Thestraightforwardanswer:ourpoliciesandourpolitics.PeoplegettiredofhearingaboutScandinaviansuccessstories,butthefactofthematteristhatSweden,FinlandandNorwayhaveallsucceededinhavingaboutasmuchorfastergrowthinpercapita（人均的）incomesthantheUnitedStatesandwithfargreaterequality.[E]SowhyhasAmericachosentheseinequality-enhancingpolicies?PartoftheansweristhatasWorldWarIIfadedintomemory,sotoodidthesolidarityithadcreated.AsAmericatriumphedintheColdWar,theredidn\'tseemtobearealcompetitortooureconomicmodel.Withoutthisinternationalcompetition,wenolongerhadtoshowthatoursystemcoulddeliverformostofourcitizens.[F]Ideologyandinterestscombineviciously.SomedrewthewronglessonfromthecollapseoftheSovietsystemin1991.Thependulumswungfrommuchtoomuchgovernmenttheretomuchtoolittlehere.Corporateinterestsarguedforgettingridofregulations,evenwhenthoseregulationshaddonesomuchtoprotectandimproveourenvironment,oursafety,ourhealthandtheeconomyitself.[G]Butthisideologywashypocritical（虚伪的）.Thebankers,amongthestrongestadvocatesoflaissez-faire（自由放任的）economics,wereonlytoowillingtoaccepthundredsofbillionsofdollarsfromthegovernmentintheaidprogramsthathavebeenarecurringfeatureoftheglobaleconomysincethebeginningoftheThatcher-Reaganeraof"free"marketsandderegulation.[H]TheAmericanpoliticalsystemisoverrunbymoney.Economicinequalitytranslatesintopoliticalin-equality,andpoliticalinequalityyieldsincreasingeconomicinequality.Socorporatewelfareincreasesaswereducewelfareforthepoor.Congressmaintainssubsidiesforrichfarmersaswecutbackonnutritionalsupportfortheneedy.DrugcompanieshavebeengivenhundredsofbillionsofdollarsaswelimitMedicaidbenefits.Thebanksthatbroughtontheglobalfinancialcrisisgotbillionswhileatinybitwenttothehomeownersandvictimsofthesamebanks\'predatory（掠夺性的）lendingpractices.Thislastdecisionwasparticularlyfoolish.Therewerealternativestothrowingmoneyatthebanksandhopingitwouldcirculatethroughincreasedlending.[I]Ourdivisionsaredeep.Economicandgeographicsegregationhasimmunizedthoseatthetopfromtheproblemsofthosedownbelow.Likethekingsofancienttimes\'theyhavecometoperceivetheirprivilegedpositionsessentiallyasanaturalright.[J]Oureconomy,ourdemocracyandoursocietyhavepaidforthesegrossinequalities.Thetruetestofaneconomyisnothowmuchwealthitsprincescanaccumulateintaxhavens（庇护所）,buthowwelloffthetypicalcitizenis.Butaverageincomesarelowerthantheywereaquarter-centuryago.Growthhasgonetothevery,verytop,whosesharehasalmostincreasedfourtimessince1980.Moneythatwasmeanttohavetrickled（流淌）downhasinsteadevaporatedintheagreeableclimateoftheCaymanIslands.[K]WithalmostaquarterofAmericanchildrenyoungerthan5livinginpoverty,andwithAmericadoingsolittleforitspoor,thedeprivationsofonegenerationarebeingvisiteduponthenext.Ofcourse,nocountryhasevercomeclosetoprovidingcompleteequalityofopportunity.ButwhyisAmericaoneoftheadvancedcountrieswherethelifeprospectsoftheyoungaremostsharplydeterminedbytheincomeandeducationoftheirparents?[L]AmongthemostbitterstoriesinTheGreatDividewerethosethatportrayedthefrustrationsoftheyoung,wholongtoenterourshrinkingmiddleclass.Soaringtuitionsanddecliningincomeshaveresultedinlargerdebtburdens.Thosewithonlyahighschooldiplomahaveseentheirincomesdeclineby13percentoverthepast35years.[M]Wherejusticeisconcerned,thereisalsoahugedivide.Intheeyesoftherestoftheworldandasignificantpartofitsownpopulation,massimprisonmenthascometodefineAmerica—acountry,itbearsrepeating,withabout5percentoftheworld\'spopulationbutaroundafourthoftheworld\'sprisoners.[N]Justicehasbecomeacommodity,affordabletoonlyafew.WhileWallStreetexecutivesusedtheirexpensivelawyerstoensurethattheirrankswerenotheldaccountableforthemisdeedsthatthecrisisin2008sographicallyrevealed,thebanksabusedourlegalsystemtoforeclose（取消赎回权）onmortgagesandejecttenants,someofwhomdidnotevenowemoney.[O]Morethanahalf-centuryago,AmericaledthewayinadvocatingfortheUniversalDeclarationofHumanRights,adoptedbytheUnitedNationsin1948.Today,accesstohealthcareisamongthemostuniversallyacceptedrights,atleastintheadvancedcountries.America,despitetheimplementationoftheAffordableCareAct,istheexception.InthereliefthatmanyfeltwhentheSupremeCourtdidnotoverturntheAffordableCareAct,theimplicationsofthedecisionforMedicaidwerenotfullyappreciated.Obamacare\'sobjective一toensurethatallAmericanshaveaccesstohealthcare—hasbeenblocked:24stateshavenotimplementedtheexpandedMedicaidprogram,whichwasthemeansbywhichObamacarewassupposedtodeliveronitspromisetosomeofthepoorest.[P]Weneednotjustanewwaronpovertybutawartoprotectthemiddleclass.Solutionstotheseproblemsdonothavetobenovel.Farfromit.Makingmarketsactlikemarketswouldbeagoodplacetostart.Wemustendtherent-seekingsocietywehavegravitatedtoward,inwhichthewealthyobtainprofitsbymanipulatingthesystem.[Q]Theproblemofinequalityisnotsomuchamatteroftechnicaleconomics.It\'sreallyaproblemofpracticalpolitics.Inequalityisnotjustaboutthetopmarginaltaxratebutalsoaboutourchildren\'saccesstofoodandtherighttojusticeforall.Ifwespentmoreoneducation,healthandinfrastructure（基础设施）,wewouldstrengthenoureconomy,nowandinthefuture.46.Intheory,freecompetitionissupposedtoreducethemarginofprofitstotheminimum.47.TheUnitedStatesisnowcharacterizedbyagreatdivisionbetweentherichandthepoor.48.Americalackedtheincentivetocareforthemajorityofitscitizensasitfoundnorivalforitseconomicmodel.49.Thewealthytophavecometotakeprivilegesforgranted.50.Manyexamplesshowthebasiclawsofimperialcapitalismnolongerapplyinpresent-dayAmerica.51.Theauthorsuggestsareturntothetruespiritofthemarket.52.Aquarteroftheworld\'sprisonerpopulationisinAmerica.53.GovernmentregulationinAmericawentfromoneextremetotheotherinthepasttwodecades.54.Justicehasbecomesoexpensivethatonlyasmallnumberofpeoplelikecorporateexecutivescanaffordit.55.Nocountryintheworldsofarhasbeenabletoprovidecompletelyequalopportunitiesforall.SectionCPassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.I\'lladmitI\'veneverquiteunderstoodtheobsession（难以破除的成见）surroundinggeneticallymodified(GM)crops.Toenvironmentalistopponents,GMfoodsaresimplyevil,anunderstudied,possiblyharmfultoolusedbybigagriculturalbusinessestocontrolglobalseedmarketsandcrushlocalfarmers.TheyarguethatGMfoodshaveneverdeliveredontheirsupposedpromise,thatmoneyspentonGMcropswouldbebetterchanneledtoorganicfarmingandthatconsumersshouldbeprotectedwithwarninglabelsonanyproductsthatcontaingeneticallymodifiedingredients.Tosupporters,GMcropsareakeypartoftheefforttosustainablyprovidefoodtomeetagrowingglobalpopulation.Butmorethanthat,supportersseetheGMoppositionofmanyenvironmentalistsasfundamentallyanti-science,nodifferentthanthosewhoquestionthebasicsofman-madeclimatechange.Forbothsides,GMfoodsseemtoactasasymbol:you\'repro-agriculturalbusinessoranti-science.ButscienceisexactlywhatweneedmoreofwhenitcomestoGMfoods,whichiswhyIwashappytoseeNaturedevoteaspecialseriesofarticlestotheGMfoodcontroversy.Theconclusion:whileGMcropshaven\'tyetrealizedtheirinitialpromiseandhavebeendominatedbyagriculturalbusinesses,thereisreasontocontinuetouseanddevelopthemtohelpmeettheenormouschallengeofsustainablyfeedingagrowingplanet.Thatdoesn\'tmeanGMcropsareperfect,oraone-size-fits-allsolutiontoglobalagricultureproblems.Butanythingthatcanincreasefarmingefficiency一theamountofcropswecanproduceperacreofland一willbeextremelyuseful.GMcropscanandalmostcertainlywillbepartofthatsuiteoftools\'butsowilltraditionalplantbreeding,improvedsoilandcropmanagement一andperhapsmostimportantofall,betterstorageandtransportinfrastructure（基础设施）,especiallyinthedevelopingworld.(Itdoesn\'tdomuchgoodforfarmersinplaceslikesub-SaharanAfricatoproducemorefoodiftheycan\'tgetittohungryconsumers.)I\'dliketoseemorenon-industryresearchdoneonGMcrops—notjustbecausewe\'dworrylessaboutbias,butalsobecauseseedcompanieslikeMonsantoandPioneershouldn\'tbetheonlyentitiesworkingtoharnessgeneticmodification.I\'dliketoseeGMresearchonlesscommercialcrops,likecom.Idon\'tthinkit\'svitaltolabelGMingredientsinfood,butIalsowouldn\'tbeagainstit一andindustrywouldbesmarttogoalongwithlabeling,justasawayofremovingfearsaboutthetechnology.Mostofall,though,Iwishatenthoftheenergythat\'sspentendlesslydebatingGMcropswasfocusedonthosemorepressingchallengesforglobalagriculture.Therearemuchbiggerbattlestofight.56.HowdoenvironmentalistopponentsviewGMfoodsaccordingtothepassage?A)Theywilleventuallyruinagricultureandtheenvironment.B)Theyareusedbybigbusinessestomonopolizeagriculture.C)Theyhaveprovedpotentiallyharmfultoconsumers\'health.D)Theyposeatremendousthreattocurrentfarmingpractice.57.Whatdoestheauthorsayisvitaltosolvingthecontroversybetweenthetwosidesofthedebate?A)BreakingtheGMfoodmonopoly.B)Morefriendlyexchangeofideas.C)RegulatingGMfoodproduction.D)MorescientificresearchonGMcrops.58.WhatisthemainpointoftheNaturearticles?A)FeedingthegrowingpopulationmakesitimperativetodevelopGMcrops.B)PopularizingGMtechnologywillhelpittoliveuptoitsinitialpromises.C)MeasuresshouldbetakentoensurethesafetyofGMfoods.D)Bothsupportersandopponentsshouldmakecompromises.59.Whatistheauthor\'sviewonthesolutiontoagriculturalproblems?A)IthastodependmoreandmoreonGMtechnology.B)Itisvitaltothesustainabledevelopmentofhumansociety.C)GMcropsshouldbealloweduntilbetteralternativesarefound.D)Whateverisusefultoboostfarmingefficiencyshouldbeencouraged.60.WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheongoingdebatearoundGMcrops?A)Itarisesoutofignoranceofandprejudiceagainstnewscience.B)Itdistractsthepublicattentionfromotherkeyissuesoftheworld.C)Effortsspentonitshouldbeturnedtomoreurgentissuesofagriculture.D)Neithersideislikelytogiveinuntilmoreconvincingevidenceisfound.PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Earlydecision—youapplytooneschool,andadmissionisbinding—seemslikeagreatchoicefornervousapplicants.Schoolsletinahigherpercentageofearly-decisionapplicants,whicharguablymeansthatyouhaveabetterchanceofgettingin.Andifyoudo,you\'redonewiththewholeagonizingprocessbyDecember.Butwhatmoststudentsandparentsdon\'trealizeisthatschoolshavehiddenmotivesforofferingearlydecision.Earlydecision,sinceit\'sbinding,allowsschoolstofilltheirclasseswithqualifiedstudents;itallowsad-missionscommitteestoselectthestudentsthatareinparticulardemandfortheircollegeandknowthosestudentswillcome.Italsogivesschoolsahigheryieldrate,whichisoftenusedasoneofthewaystomeasurecollegeselectivityandpopularity.Theproblemisthatthisprocesseffectivelyshortensthewindowoftimestudentshavetomakeoneofthemostimportantdecisionsoftheirlivesuptothatpoint.Underregularadmissions,seniorshaveuntilMay1tochoosewhichschooltoattend;earlydecisioneffectivelystealssixmonthsfromthem,monthsthatcouldbeusedtovisitmoreschools,domoreresearch,speaktocurrentstudentsandalumni（校友）andarguablymakeamoreinformeddecision.Thereare,frankly,anastonishingnumberofexceptionalcollegesinAmerica,andforanygivenstudent,thereareanumberofschoolsthatareagreatfit.Whenstudentsbecometoofixated（专注）onaparticularschoolearlyintheadmissionsprocess,thatfixationcanleadtoseveredisappointmentiftheydon\'tgetinor,iftheydo,thepossibilitythattheyarenowboundtogotoaschoolthat,giventimeforfurtherreflection,maynotactuallyberightforthem.Insofarasearlydecisionoffersagenuineadmissionsedge,thatadvantagegoeslargelytostudentswhoalreadyhavenumerousadvantage.Thestudentswhouseearlydecisiontendtobethosewhohavereceivedhigher-qualitycollegeguidance,usuallyaresultofcomingfromamoreprivilegedbackground.Inthisregard,there\'sanargumentagainstearlydecision,asstudentsfromlower-incomefamiliesarefarlesslikelytohavetheadmissionsknow-howtonavigatetheoftenconfusingearlydeadlines.Studentswhohavedonetheirresearchandareconfidentthatthere\'soneschooltheywouldbethrilledtogetintoshould,underthecurrentsystem,probablyapplyunderearlydecision.Butforstudentswhohaven\'tyetdoneenoughresearch,orwhoarestillconstantlychangingtheirmindsonfavoriteschools,theearly-decisionsystemneedlesslyandprematurelynarrowsthefieldofpossibilityjustatatimewhenstudentsshouldbeopeningthemselvestoawholerangeofthrillingoptions.61.Whatarestudentsobligedtodounderearlydecision?A)Lookintoalotofschoolsbeforetheyapply.B)Attendtheschooloncetheyareadmitted.C)Thinktwicebeforetheyaccepttheoffer.D)Consultthecurrentstudentsandalumni.62.Whydoschoolsofferearlydecision?A)Tomakesuretheygetqualifiedstudents.B)Toavoidcompetitionwithothercolleges.C)Toprovidemoreopportunitiesforapplicants.D)Tosavestudentstheagonyofchoosingaschool.63.Whatissaidtobetheproblemwithearlydecisionforstudents?A)Itmakestheirapplicationprocessmorecomplicated.B)Itplacestoohighademandontheirresearchability.C)Itallowsthemlittletimetomakeinformeddecisions.D)Itexertsmuchmorepsychologicalpressureonthem.64.Whyaresomepeopleopposedtoearlydecision?A)Itinterfereswithstudents\'learninginhighschool.B)Itisbiasedagainststudentsatordinaryhighschools.C)Itcausesunnecessaryconfusionamongcollegeapplicants.D)Itplacesstudentsfromlower-incomefamiliesatadisadvantage.65.Whatdoestheauthoradvisecollegeapplicantstodo?A)Refrainfromcompetingwithstudentsfromprivilegedfamilies.B)Avoidchoosingearlydecisionunlesstheyarefullyprepared.C)Findsufficientinformationabouttheirfavoriteschools.D)Lookbeyondthefewsupposedlythrillingoptions.PartIVTranslation(30minutes)2011年是中国城市化（urbanization）进程中的历史性时刻，其城市人口首次超过农村人口。在未来20年里，预计有3.5亿农村人口将移居城市。如此规模的城市发展对城市交通来说既是挑战，也是机遇。中国政府一直提倡“以人为本”的发展理念，强调人们以公交而不是私家车出行。它还号召建设“资源节约和环境友好型”社会。有了这个明确的目标，中国城市就可以更好地规划其发展，并把大量投资转向安全、清洁和经济型交通系统的发展上。2015年6月大学英语六级考试真题（第三套）听力同第二套PartIIISectionAQuestions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Travelwebsiteshavebeenaroundsincethe1990s,whenExpedia,Travelocity,andotherholidaybookingsiteswerelaunched,allowingtravelerstocompareflightandhotelpriceswiththeclickofamouse.Withinformationnolonger36____bytravelagentsorhiddeninbusinessnetworks,thetravelindustrywasrevolutionized,asgreatertransparencyhelped37____prices.Today,theindustryisgoingthroughanewrevolution—thistimetransformingservicequality.Onlineratingplatforms—38____inhotels,restaurants,apartments,andtaxis—allowtravelerstoexchangereviewsandexperiencesforalltosee.Hospitalitybusinessesarenowranked,analyzed,andcomparednotbyindustry39____,butbytheverypeopleforwhomtheserviceisintended—thecustomer.Thishas40____anewrelationshipbetweenbuyerandseller.Customershavealwaysvotedwiththeirfeet;theycannowexplaintheirdecisiontoanyonewhoisinterested.Asaresult,businessesaremuchmore41____,ofteninveryspecificways,whichcreatespowerful42____toimproveservice.Althoughsomereadersmightnotcareforgossipyreportsofunfriendlybellboys（行李员）inBerlinormalfunctioninghotelhairdryersinHouston,thetruepowerofonlinereviewsliesnotjustintheindividualstories,butinthewebsites\'43____toaggregatealargevolumeofratings.Theimpactcannotbe44____.Businessesthatattracttopratingscanenjoyrapidgrowth,asnewcustomersareattractedbygoodreviewsand45____provideyetmorepositivefeedback.Sogreatistheinfluenceofonlineratingsthatmanycompaniesnowhiredigitalreputationmanagerstoensureafavorableonlineidentity.A)accountableB)capacityC)controlledD)entailE)forgedF)incentivesG)occasionallyH)overstatedI)persistingJ)pessimisticK)professionalsL)slashM)specializingN)spectatorsO)subsequentlySectionBPlasticSurgeryAbettercreditcardisthesolutiontoeverlargerhackattacks[A]Athinmagneticstripe(magstripe)isallthatstandsbetweenyourcredit-cardinformationandthebadguys.Andthey\'vebeenworkinghardtobreakin.That\'swhy2014isshapingupasamajorshowdown:banks,lawenforcementandtechnologycompaniesarealltryingtostopanetworkofhackerswhoaresucceedinginstealingaccountnumbers,names,emailaddressesandothercrucialdatausedinidentitytheft.Morethan100millionaccountsatTarget,NeimanMarcusandMichaelsstoreswereaffectedinsomewayduringthemostrecentattacks,startinglastNovember.[B]Swipe（刷卡）istheoperativeword:cardsareincreasinglyvulnerabletoattackswhenyoumakepurchasesinastore.Inseveralrecentincidents,hackershavebeenabletoobtainmassiveinformationofcredit-,debit-（借记）orprepaid-cardnumbersusingmalware,i.e.malicioussoftware,insertedsecretlyintotheretailers\'point-of-salesystem—thecheckoutregisters.Hackersthensoldthedatatoasecondgroupofcriminalsoperatinginshadowycomersoftheweb.Notlongafter,thestolendatawasshowinguponfakecardsandbeingusedforonlinepurchases.[C]Thesolutioncouldcostaslittleas$2extraforeverypieceofplasticissued.ThefixisasecuritytechnologyusedheavilyoutsidetheU.S.WhileAmericancreditcardsusethe40-year-oldmagstripetechnologytoprocesstransactions,muchoftherestoftheworldusessmartercardswithatechnologycalledEMV(shortforEuropay,MasterCard,Visa)thatemploysachipembeddedinthecardplusacustomerPIN(personalidentificationnumber)toauthenticate（验证）everytransactiononthespot.IfapurchaserfailstopunchinthecorrectPINatthecheckout,thetransactiongetsrejected.(Onlinepurchasescanbemadebysettingupaseparatetransactioncode.)[D]Whyhaven\'tbigbanksadoptedthemoresecuretechnology?Whenitcomestomailingoutnewcreditcards,it\'sallaboutrelativecosts,saysDavidRobertson,whorunstheNihonReport,anindustrynewsletter:"Thecostofthecard,puttingthestickeronit,codingtheaccountnumberandexpirationdate,embossing（凸印）it,thesmallenvelop—allputtogether,youareinthedollarrange."Achip-and-PINcardcurrentlycostscloserto$3,saysRobertson,becauseofthepriceofchips.(Oncelargeissuersconverttogether,thechipcostsshoulddrop.)[E]Multiply$3bythemorethan5billionmagstripecreditandprepaidcardsincirculationintheU.S.Thenconsiderthatthere\'sanestimated$12.4billionincardfraudonaglobalbasis\'saysRobertson.With44%ofthatintheU.S.,Americancredit-cardfraudamountstoabout$5.5billionannually.CardissuershavesofarcalculatedthatabsorbingtheliabilityforevenbighacksliketheTargetoneisstillcheaperthanreplacingallthatplastic.[F]ThatleavesAmericanretailersprettymuchalonetheworldoverinrelyingonmagstripetechnologytochargepurchases—andleavesconsumersvulnerable.Eachmagstripehasthreetracksofinformation,explainspaymentssecurityexpertJeremyGumbley,thechieftechnologyofficerofCreditCall,anelectronic-paymentscompany.Thefirstandthirdareusedbythebankorcardissuer.Yourvitalaccountinformationlivesonthesecondtrack,whichhackerstrytocapture."Malwareisscanningthroughthememoryinrealtimeandlookingfordata,"hesays."Itcreatesatextfilethatgetsstolen."[G]Chip-and-PINcards,bycontrast,makefakecardsorskimmingimpossiblebecausetheinformationthatgetsscannedisencrypted（加密）.ThehistoricalreasontheU.S.hasstuckwithmagstripe,ironicallyenough,isoncesuperiortechnology.Ourcheap,ultra-reliablewirednetworksmadecredit-cardauthenticationoverthephonefrictionless.InFrance,cardcompaniescreatedEMVinpartbecausethetelephonemonopolywassomaddeninglyinefficientandexpensive.TheEMVsolutionallowedtransactionstobeverifiedlocallyandsecurely.[H]Somebigbanks,likeWellsFargo,arenowofferingtoconvertyourmagstripecardtoachip-and-PINmodel.(It\'sactuallyahybrid（混合体）thatwillstillhaveamagstripe,sincemostU.S.merchantsdon\'thaveEMVterminals.)Shouldyoutakethemuponit?Ifyoutravelinternationally,theanswerisyes.[I]Keepinmind,too,thatcreditcardstypicallyhavebetterliabilityprotectionthandebitcards.Ifsomeoneusesyourcreditcardfraudulently（欺诈性地）it\'stheissuerormerchant,notyou,thattakesthehit.Debitcardshavedifferentliabilitylimitsdependingonthebankandtheeventssurroundinganyfraud."Ifit\'savailable,thelogicalthingistogetachip-and-PINcardfromyourbank,"saysEricAdamowsky,aco-founderofCreditCardInsider.com."Iwouldusecreditcardsoverdebitcardsbecauseofliabilityissues."Cashstillworksprettywelltoo.[J]Retailersandbanksstandtobenefitfromthelowerfraudlevelsofchip-and-PINcardsbuthavebeenreluctantforyearstoinvestinthenewinfrastructure（基础设施）neededforthetechnology,especiallyifconsumersdon\'thaveaccesstoit.It\'sachicken-and-eggproblem;noonewantstospendthemoneyonupgradedpoint-of-salesystemsthatcanreadthechipcardsifshoppersaren\'tcarryingthem一yetthere\'slittlepointinconsumers\'carryingthefancyplasticifstoresaren\'tequippedtousethem.(AnearliereffortbyTargettomovetochipandPINnevergainedprogress.)AccordingtoGumbley,there\'sa"you-firstmentality.Thelogjam（僵局）hastobebroken."[K]JPMorganChaseCEOJamieDimonrecentlyexpressedhiswillingnesstodoso,notingthatbanksandmerchantshavespentthepastdecadesuingeachotheroverinterchangefees—thepercentageofthetransactionpricetheykeep-ratherthandealwiththegrowinghackingproblem.Chaseoffersachip-enabledcardunderitsownbrandandseveralothersfortravel-relatedcompaniessuchasBritishAirwaysandRitz-Carlton.[L]TheTargetandNeimanhackshavealsochangedthecostcalculation:althoughretailershavebeenreluctanttospendthe$6.75billionthatCapgeminiconsultantsestimateitwilltaketoconvertalltheirregisterstobechip-and-PIN-compatible,thepotentialliabilitytheynowfaceisdramaticallygreater.Targethasbeenhitwithclassactionsfromhackedconsumers."It\'stheultimatenightmare,"aretailexecutivefromawell-knownchainadmittedtoTIME.[M]Thecard-paymentcompaniesMasterCardandVisaarepushinghardforchange.Thetwofirmshavewarnedallpartiesinthetransactionchain一merchant,network,bank一thatiftheydon\'tbecomeEMV-compliantbyOctober2015,thepartythatisleastcompliantwillbearthefraudrisk.[N]Inthemeantime,app-equippedsmartphonesanddigitalwallets—allofwhichcanuseEMVtechnology—arebeginningtomakeinroads（侵袭）oncardsandcash.PayPal,forinstance,istestinganappthatletsyouuseyourmobilephonetopayontheflyatlocalmerchants—withoutsurrenderinganycardinformationtothem.Andfurtherdowntheroadisbiometricauthentication,whichcouldbeencryptedwith,say,afingerprint.[O]Creditanddebitcards,though,aregoingtobewithusfortheforeseeablefuture,andsoarehackers,ifwestickwithmagstripetechnology."Itseemscrazytome,"saysGumbley,whoisEnglish,"thatacutting-edge-technologycountryisdependingona40-year-oldtechnology."That\'swhyitmaybeuptoconsumerstomovetheneedleonchipandPIN.SaysRobertson:‘‘Whenyougettheconsumerintoapositionofworryandinconvenience,that\'swheretherubberhitstheroad."46.It\'sbesttouseanEMVcardforinternationaltravel.47.Personalinformationoncreditanddebitcardsisincreasinglyvulnerabletohacking.48.TheFrenchcardcompaniesadoptedEMVtechnologypartlybecauseofinefficienttelephoneservice.49.WhilemanycountriesusethesmarterEMVcards,theU.S.stillclingstoitsoldmagstripetechnology.50.Attemptsarebeingmadetopreventhackersfromcarryingoutidentitytheft.51.Creditcardsaremuchsafertousethandebitcards.52.Bigbankshavebeenreluctanttoswitchtomoresecuretechnologybecauseofthehighercostsinvolved.53.Thepotentialliabilityforretailersusingmagstripeisfarmorecostlythanupgradingtheirregisters.54.TheuseofmagstripecardsbyAmericanretailersleavesconsumersexposedtotherisksoflosingaccountinformation.55.ConsumerswillbeadrivingforcebehindtheconversionfrommagstripetoEMVtechnology.仔细阅读实际只考了两套PartIVTranslation汉朝是中国历史上最重要的朝代之一。汉朝统治期间有很多显著的成就。它最先向其他文化敞开大门，对外贸易兴旺。汉朝开拓的丝網之路通向了中西亚乃至罗马。各类艺术一派繁荣，涌现了很多文学、历史、哲学巨著。公元100年中国第一部字典编撰完成，收入9000个字，提供释义并列举不同的写法。其间，科技方面也取得了很大进步，发明了纸张、水钟、日暴(sundials)以及测量地震的仪器。汉朝历经400年，但统治者的腐败最终导致了它的灭亡。2015年6月大学英语六级考试真题(一)答案写作TheImportanceofPractice“Knowledgeisatreasure,butpracticeisthekeytoit”isaproverbvividlyshowingtherelationshipbetweenknowledgeandpractice.Apparently,thissayingdeliversthemessagethatifwewanttotrulyacquiretheknowledge,weoughtnottostoppracticingwhatwe’velearned.\ue004Asforuscollegestudents,practiceisofgreatimportance.Therearetworeasonsforthisstatement.Tobeginwith,itisbypracticethatwecanapplytheknowledgewehaveobtainedfromourtextbookstosolvingpracticalproblems.Bydoingso,wecangetmoreexperience.What’smore,knowledgehasbecomesogrowinglycomplicatedthatifwedon’tponderoveritagainandagain,wecannotgenuinelygrasptheessenceofit.OralEnglishlearningisagoodcaseinpoint.Evenifoneisextremelyfamiliarwiththegrammarofthelanguage,hewillneverbeafluentspeakerifhedoesn’topenhismouthtospeak.Tosumup,practiceisofgreatimportanceforthosewhoaredeterminedtotrulygraspknowledge.Practicenotonlyassistsusingettingmoresocialexperience,butalsoenablesustocapturetheessenceofknowledge.听力1.C)Attendtheconcert.2.D)Noneofthepassengerswereinjuredorkilled.3.A)Anarticleabouttheelection.4.A)Therestaurantwasnotuptothespeakers’expectations.5.C)Hehasmanythingstodealwithrightnow.6.D)Morestudentshavetoappeartomaketheirvoiceheard.7.B)ThespeakerslikewatchingTVverymuch.8.D)Thewomanwillbeabletoattendtheclassesshewants.9.B)Exportbikestoforeignmarkets.10.B)Thegovernmenthascontroloverbicycleimports.11.A)Extracostsmighteatuptheirprofitsabroad.12.C)Conductafeasibilitystudy.13.C)Fuelrefinedfromoilextractedfromunderground.14.D)Oilproductionwillbegintodeclineworldwideby2025.15.B)Startdevelopingalternativefuels.16.A)Theabilitytopredictfashiontrends.17.D)Purchasinghandicraftsfromallovertheworld.18.B)Sheisdoingwhatsheenjoysdoing.19.B)Getinvolvedinhiscommunity.20.A)Deteriorationinthequalityoflife.21.D)Theyaretoobigforindividualefforts.22.C)Hehaddoneasmalldeedofkindness.23.B)Pressureandheartdisease.24.A)Itexperiencedaseriesofmisfortunes.25.C)Theycoulddonothingtohelphim.26.aresupposedto27.inserting28.drawing-out29.distinguished30.spark31.flame32.schooling33.controversies34.areconcernedwith35.dissatisfaction阅读36-40NsweptBdisplacedAbenefitsHproductiveCemployed41-45FjoblessMshrunkKrhythmEimpactDeventually46-50ETheprocessdescribedbyCuttingevokesaprinciplethatthesociologistBTheintuitiveansweristhatsomeworksofartarejustgreat:HAlthoughmanyhavetried,itdoesseemimprobablethatthepainting’sCCutting,aprofessoratCornellUniversity,wonderedifapsychologicalKTheintrinsicqualityofaworkofartisstartingtoseemlikeitsleast51-55DCuttingbelieveshisexperimentoffersaclueastohowcanonsareformed.LAstudyintheBritishJournalofAestheticssuggeststhattheexposureFWhenWattslookedintothehistoryof“thegreatestpaintingofalltime”JAlthoughtherigidhigh-lowdistinctionfellapartinthe1960s,I“Sayingthatculturalobjectshavevalue,”BrianEnooncewrote,56-60CUnemployment.DPourmoneyintothemarketthroughassetbuying.BDeflation.CTightenfinancialregulation.AShepossessesstrongpersuasivepower.61-65ATogettheirshareofcleanair.DFailingtopasslawstocurbenvironmentalpollution.BOurrelationshiptotheplantworld.DBypoolingtheireffortstogether.CSharelifewithnature.翻译ThetraditionalChinesehospitalityrequiresthatthefoodsservedaresodiversethatguestscannoteatupallthedishes.AtypicalChinesebanquetmenuincludescolddishesservedatthebeginning,followedbyhotdishes,suchasmeat,poultry,vegetables,andsoon.Atmostbanquets,thewholefishisconsideredtobeessential,unlessvariouskindsofseafoodhavebeenserved.Nowadays,ChinesepeoplewouldliketocombineWesternspecialtieswithtraditionalChinesedishes.Therefore,itisnotraretoseesteakbeingserved,either.Saladhasalsobeencatchingon,althoughtraditionallyChinesepeoplegenerallydonoteatanyfoodwithoutcooking.Thereisusuallyatleastabowlofsoup,servedeitheratthebeginningorintheendofthebanquet.Dessertsandfruitusuallymarktheendofthebanquet.2015年6月大学英语六级考试真题(二)答案写作OnCuriosityAlbertEinsteinoncesaid,“Ihavenospecialtalents.Iamonlypassionatelycurious.”Simpleastheremarkmaysound,itinformsusofthesignificanceofcuriosity.Actuallydoingeverythingcuriouslyisconducivetoourdevelopmentandeventuallyleadsustosuccess.Foronething,curiosityisanimportantsourceofcreativity,whichisthekeytosuccess.Let’stakeEdisonasanexample.Itwascuriositythatmadehiminventsomanythingsandachievedgreatsuccessinhiscareer.Foranother,curiosityisthedrivingforceforustogoforward.Curiositycanchangeboredomintofreshness,whichwillmakeusacquirenewknowledgeconstantly.Lastbutnotleast,curiosityishelpfulinresolvingdifficultiesonebyone.Apersonwithcuriosityispronetofindtheessenceoftheproblemandovercomevariousdifficulties.Fromwhathasbeenmentionedabove,curiosityisveryimportantandhelpfulinpersonaldevelopment.Beingenthusiasticaboutcuriosityhelpsusachievesuccesssoonerorlater.听力1.C)Themanisunhappywiththewoman’sremark.2.C)Noneofthepassengerswereinjuredorkilled.3.D)Atacommercialbank.4.D)Therestaurantwasnotuptothespeakers’expectations.5.A)Prof.Laurenceisgoingintoanactiveretirement.6.B)FindingareplacementforLeon.7.D)Helenhasbeenlookingforwardtotheexhibition.8.A)Thespeakerssharethesameopinion.9.B)Itisstimulating.10.A)Aquickpromotion.11.D)Hehastosignalong-termcontract.12.C)Themanisintheprocessofjobhunting.13.A)Toinquireabouttheinterestratesatthewoman’sbank.14.B)Athree-monthdeposit.15.C)Sheofferedhimdiningcoupons.16.D)Theabilitytopredictfashiontrends.17.A)Purchasinghandicraftsfromallovertheworld.18.C)Sheisdoingwhatsheenjoysdong.19.C)Itrepresentsseveralcountriesthatexportcoffee.20.A)ThefreezingweatherinBrazil.21.B)Heisyoung,handsomeandsingle.22.B)Coffeepricesandhisadvertisingcampaign.23.D)Theyweredelayedbythetrainforhours.24.A)Itwascanceledbecauseofanunexpectedstrike.25.B)Stayathome.26.puzzled27.suicide28.creatures29.sufficiently30.migration31.destructive32.floatonwater33.ahugebodyof34.assume35.obstacle阅读36-40JphilosophyCcontainsBconstrainedDexploreLsneaking41-45KpotentialOviolentFinteractingAassessNundermines46-50COurcurrentbrandofcapitalismisafakecapitalism.AAdangeroustrendhasdevelopedoverthispastthirdofacentury.ESowhyhasAmericachosentheseinequality-enhancingpolicies?IOurdivisionsaredeep.BOverthepastyearandahalf,51-55PWeneednotjustanewwaronpovertybutawartoprotectthemiddleclassMWherejusticeisconcerned,thereisalsoahugeFIdeologyandinterestscombinedviciously.NJusticehasbecomeacommodity,KWithalmostaquarterofAmericanchildren56-60BTheyareusedbybigbusinessestomonopolizeDMorescientificresearchonGMcrops.AFeedingthegrowingpopulationmakesitDWhateverisusefultoboostfarmingefficiencyCEffortsspentonitshouldbeturnedtomore61-65BAttendtheschooloncetheyareadmittedATomakesuretheygetqualifiedstudents.CItallowsthemlittletimetomakeinformedDItplacesstudentsfromlower-incomefamiliesBAvoidchoosingearlydecisionunlesstheyare翻译Theyearof2011isahistoricmomentintheprocessofurbanizationinChina,whentheurbanpopulationexceedstheruralpopulationforthefirsttime.Inthenext20years,itisestimatedthatabout350millionruralpopulationswillmigratetocities.Suchascaleofurbandevelopmentisbothachallengeandanopportunityforurbantransportation.TheChinesegovernmenthasalwaysbeenadvocatingtheconceptof“people-oriented”development,stressingthatpeopleshouldtravelbybusesinsteadofprivatecars.Italsocallsfortheconstructionof“resource-savingandenvironment-friendlysociety”.Withthisexplicitgoal,Chinesecitiescanmakebetterplansfortheirurbanization,andturnamassiveinvestmenttothedevelopmentofsafe,cleanandeconomicaltransportationsystem.2015年6月大学英语六级考试真题(三)答案注：第三套试题的听力和仔细阅读与前面两套一样，故不再重复。写作DoingSmallThingsinaGreatWayThroughouttheages,onlyafewpeoplecanclimbtheladderofsuccesstothetopandbeadmiredbytheworld.Whatmaysurpriseusisthatmostpeopleachievesuccessbydoingsmallthingsinagreatway.Justasthesayinggoes,“Ifyoucannotdogreatthings,dosmallthingsinagreatway.”Thatmeansonedoesnotnecessarilybecomeagreatman,buthecanstillbesuccessfulandwinrespectfromothersbydoingcommonworkinaperfectway.Actually,historyaboundswithexamplestoprovethissaying.ThelateCEOofApple,SteveJobs,isacaseinpoint.Hewassoaddictedtodetailsthathecouldnotstoppushinghisstafftopursueperfectionindesignandproduction.ItisduetohisfocusonsmallthingsthatApplehasmadegreatsuccessinthemobilefield,producingproductsthatarenotonlyinnovative,butalsosuperior.Ascollegestudents,weshouldkeepinmindthatitisofgreatnecessityforustoenhanceourselvesbydoingsmallthingsperfectly.Onlywhenallsmallthingsaddupcanmanyimpossibilitiesbemadepossible.阅读36-40CcontrolledLslashMspecializingKprofessionalsEforged41-45AaccountableFincentivesBcapacityHoverstatedOsubsequently46-50HSomebigbanks,likeWellsFargo,arenowofferingtoconvertyourBSwipe(刷卡)istheoperativeword:cardsareincreasinglyvulnerabletoattacksGChip-and-PINcards,bycontrast,makefakecardsorskimmingimpossibleCThesolutioncouldcostaslittleas$2extraforeverypieceofplasticissued.AAthinmagneticstrip(magstripe)isallthatstandsbetweenyourcredit-card51-55IKeepinmind,too,thatcreditcardstypicallyhavebetterliabilityprotectionDWhyhaven\ue10btbigbanksadoptedthemoresecuretechnology?LTheTargetandNeimanhackshavealsochangedthecostcalculation:FThatleavesAmericanretailersprettymuchalonetheworldoverinrelyingonmagstripeOCreditanddebitcards,though,aregoingtobewithusfortheforeseeablefuture,翻译TheHandynastyisoneofthemostimportantdynastiesinChinesehistory.TherearelotsofremarkableachievementsduringthereignoftheHandynasty.Beingthefirstdynastytoopenthedoortoothercultures,itexcelledinforeigntrade.TheSilkRoadopenedintheHandynastyledtoCentralandWesternAsia,evenRome.Withallsortsofartschoolsflourishing,thereappearedmanygreatworksinliterary,history,andphilosophy.In100AD,China’sfirstdictionarywascompleted,whichincluded9000characters,providingdefinitionsanddifferentwaystowritethecharacters.Duringthatperiod,thescienceandtechnologyhadalsomadegreatprogress,withpaper,waterclock,sundialsandinstrumentsusedtomeasureearthquakesinvented.ThoughtheHandynastyhadahistoryof400years,thecorruptionofitsrulersfinallycontributedtoitscollapse.',)