2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案(三套全)

('第1页共43页2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）目录2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（一）..........................................................................................................1快速对答案........................................................................................................................................................................162018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（二）........................................................................................................17快速对答案........................................................................................................................................................................322018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三）........................................................................................................32快速对答案........................................................................................................................................................................422018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（一）PartIWriting(30minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayontheimportanceofbuildingtrustbetweenemployersandemployees.Youcanciteexamplestoillustrateyourviews.youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,you第2页共43页2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）willhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A)Itisatypicalsalad.B)ItisaSpanishsoup.C)Itisaweirdvegetable.D)Itisakindofspicyfood.2.A)Tomakeitthicker.B)Tomakeitmorenutritious.C)Toaddtoitsappeal.D)Toreplaceaningredient.3.A)Itcontainsverylittlefat.B)Itusesoliveoilincooking.C)Itusesnoartificialadditives.D)Itismainlymadeofvegetables.4.A)Itdoesnotgostalefortwoyears.B)Ittakesnospecialskilltoprepare.C)Itcomesfromaspecialkindofpig.D)Itisadelicacyblendedwithbread.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A)Theycomeinagreatvariety.B)Theydonotmakedecentgifts.C)Theydonotvarymuchinprice.D)TheygowellwithItalianfood.第3页共43页2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）6.A)$30-$40.C)$50-$60.B)$40-$50.D)Around$150.7.A)Theyareahealthychoiceforelderlypeople.B)TheyareespeciallypopularamongItalians.C)Theysymbolizegoodhealthandlongevity.D)Theygowellwithdifferentkindsoffood.8.A)ItinawineimportedfromCalifornia.B)Itislessspicythanallotherredwines.C)Itisfarmoreexpensivethanheexpected.D)ItisItaly\'smostfamoustypeofredwine.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to12arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)Learningothers\'secrets.C)Decodingsecretmessages.B)Searchingforinformation.D)Spreadingsensationalnews.10.A)TheyhelpedtheU.S.armyinWorldWarTwo.B)Theycouldwritedownspokencodespromptly.C)Theywereassignedtodecodeenemymessages.D)Theyweregoodatbreakingenemysecretcodes.第4页共43页2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）11.A)ImportantbattlesfoughtinthePacificWar.B)Decodingofsecretmessagesinwartimes.C)Amilitarycodethatwasneverbroken.D)NavajoIndians\'contributiontocodebreaking.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.12.A)Allserviceswillbepersonalized.B)Alotofknowledge-intensivejobswillbereplaced.C)Technologywillrevolutionizeallsectorsofindustry.D)Moreinformationwillbeavailable.13.A)Intheroboticsindustry.C)Inthepersonalcaresector.B)Intheinformationservice.D)Inhigh-endmanufacturing.14.A)Theychargehighprices.B)Theyneedlotsoftraining.C)Theycatertotheneedsofyoungpeople.D)Theyfocusoncustomers\'specificneeds.15.A)Therisingdemandineducationandhealthcareinthenext20years.B)Thedisruptioncausedbytechnologyintraditionallywell-paidjobs.C)Thetremendouschangesnewtechnologywillbringtopeople\'slives.D)Theamazingamountofpersonalattentionpeoplewouldliketohave.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B)，C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.第5页共43页2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）16.A)ItwasthelongestroadinancientEgypt.B)Itwasconstructedsome500yearsago.C)Itlay8milesfromthemonumentsites.D)Itlinkedastonepittosomewaterways.17.A)Sawsusedforcuttingstone.B)Tracesleftbyearlyexplorers.C)Anancientgeographicalmap.D)Somestonetoolsegments.18.A)Totransportstonestoblockfloods.B)Toprovideservicesforthestonepit.C)Tolinkthevariousmonumentsites.D)ToconnectthevillagesalongtheNile.Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19.A)Dr.Gongdidn\'tgivehimanyconventionaltests.B)Dr.Gongmarkedhisofficewithahand-paintedsign.C)Dr.Gongdidn\'taskhimanyquestionsabouthispain.D)Dr.Gongslippedinneedleswherehefeltnopain.20.A)Hehadheardofthewondersacupuncturecouldwork.B)Dr.GongwasveryfamousinNewYork\'sChinatown.C)Previousmedicaltreatmentsfailedtorelievehispain.D)Hefoundtheexpensivemedicaltestsunaffordable.21.A)Moreandmorepatientsaskforthetreatment.B)Acupuncturetechniqueshavebeenperfected.C)Itdoesn\'tneedtheconventionalmedicaltests.第6页共43页2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）D)Itdoesnothaveanynegativesideeffects.Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.22.A)Theywereonthevergeofbreakingup.B)Theywerecompatibledespitedifferences.C)Theyquarreledalotandneverresolvedtheirarguments.D)Theyarguedpersistentlyaboutwhethertohavechildren.23.A)Neitherofthemhasanybrothersorsisters.B)Neitherofthemwontheirparents\'favor.C)Theyweren\'tspoiledintheirchildhood.D)Theydidn\'tliketobetheappleoftheirparents\'eyes.24.A)Theyareusuallygoodatmakingfriends.B)Theytendtobeadventurousandcreative.C)Theyareoftencontentwithwhattheyhave.D)Theytendtobeself-assuredandresponsible.25.A)Theyenjoymakingfriends.B)Theytendtobewelladjusted.C)Theyareleastlikelytotakeinitiative.D)Theyusuallyhavesuccessfulmarriages.PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices,Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthe第7页共43页2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）correspondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.WhenElonMusksaysthathisnewpriorityisusingartificialintelligencetobuilddomesticrobots,weshouldlookforwardtothedayinadmiration.Mr.Muskisaguywhogetsthingsdone.Thefounderoftwotechcompanies,TeslaMotorsandSpaceX,isbringingelectricvehiclestomassmarketand(26)_______humanstoliveonotherplanets.Thissoundslikesomuchhotair,butthenear$13billionfortunethisentrepreneurhas(27)_______comesfrompracticalachievementsratherthanhypotheticalones.Alotofcleverpeopleare(28)_______aboutartificialintelligence,fearingthatrobotswillonedaybecomeso(29)_______thatthey’llmurderallofus.Thesefearsaremostly(30)_______:aswithhysteriaaboutgeneticmodification,wehumansaregenerallywiseenoughtomanagetheseproblemswithspeedandcare.Andjustthinkofhowwonderfulitwouldbeifyouhadalive-inrobot.Itcould,(31)_______,belikehavingababysitterandanurserolledintoone—or,ifthatrequired(32)_______intelligencebeyondthepowerofMr.Musk’simaginedmachine,atleastsomeonetochopthecarrots,washthecarandmowthelawn.Oncepurchasedandtrained,thiswouldallowthe(33)_______usertosavemoneyandtime,freeingup(34)_______spaceinourbusylivestoreadagoodbook.ThatiswhywewelcomeMr.Musk\'slatest(35)_______,andwishhimwell.Aslongasrobotsaddtothesumofhumanhappiness,reducesuffering,andcreatetimetoreadworld-classjournalism,weshouldbetheirfans.Especiallysincejournalismisonejobrobotswillneverdo.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A)amassedB)casualC)emotionalD)enablingE)eventuallyF)exaggeratedG)extravagantH)generouslyI)misleadingJ)preciousK)rewardL)smartM)sphereN)terrifiedO)ventureSectionB第8页共43页2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.IntheRealWorld,NobodyCaresthatYouWenttoanIvyLeagueSchool[A]Asahighschooljunior,everythinginmyliferevolvedaroundgettingintotherightcollege.IdiligentlyattendedmySAT,ACT,andAdvancedPlacementtestpreparationcourses.Ijuggled(尽力应付）cross-countryandtrackschedules,newspaperstaff,andmychurch\'syouthgroupanddramateam.Ididn\'tdrink,party,orevendomuchdating.Therightcollege,Ithought,wasonewithprestige,onewithaname.Itdidn\'thavetobetheIvyLeague,butitneededtobea"topschool".[B]Lookingbacknow,nineyearslater,Ican\'trememberexactlywhatitwasabouttheseuniversitiesthatmadethemseemsomuchbetter.Wasitacurriculumthatappearedmorerigorous,perhaps?OranalumninetworkthatIhopedwouldopendoorsdowntheline?Maybe."Idothinkthereareadvantagestoschoolswithmorerecognition,"notesMarybethGasman,aprofessorofhighereducationattheUniversityofPennsylvania."Idon\'tnecessarilythinkthat\'sareasontogotoone."[C]Inreflection,myfirmbeliefinthepowerofthebrandwasnaive,nottomentionabitsnobby.Iquicklypassedoverstateschoolsandsouthernschools,believingtheircurriculumstobeautomaticallyinferiortonortheasternorwesterncounterparts.Instead,IdreamedoflivinginNewYorkCityandmyparentsobligedmewithavisittoNewYorkUniversity\'s(NYU)campus.Duringthetour,tuitionfeeswerediscussed.(NYUisconsistentlyrankedoneofthecountry,smostexpensiveschools,withroomandboardcoststotalingupwardsof$64,000ayear.)Upuntilthen,Ihadn\'ttrulyrealizedjusthowexpensiveaneducationcanbe.Overthenextfewmonths,IrealizednotonlycouldInotaffordmydreamschool,Icouldn\'tevenaffordtheoneswhereI\'dbeenaccepted.CityUniversityofNewYork(CUNY)，RutgersUniversity,andIndianaUniversitywereoutofreachaswereMississippiStateandtheUniversityofAlabama,whereIwouldhavetopayout-of-statefees.Furthercomplicatingmycollegesearchwasaflourishingtrackcareer—Iwantedtokeeprunningbutmytimesweren\'tquitefastenoughtosecureascholarship.[D]Andso,at11pmonthenightofGeorgiaStateUniversity\'s(GSU)midnightdeadline,Iapplied第9页共43页2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）online.RatedNo.466overallonForbes\'ListsTopColleges,No.183inResearchUniversities,andNo.108intheSouth,Ican\'tsayitwasmytopchoice.Still,thetrackcoachhadofferedmeawalk-onspot,andIactuallyfoundtheurbanAtlantacampusadecentconsolationprizeafterNewYorkCity.[E]Whileitmayhavebeenpractical,itwasn\'tprestigious.Buthere\'sthething：Ilovedmy"lower-tier(低层次的)university.(Iusetheterm"low-tier"cautiously,becauseGSUisawell-regardedresearchinstitutionthatattractshighqualityprofessorsandfacultyfromalloverthecountry.)Wearetaughttobelievethatonlybygoingtothebestschoolsandgettingthebestgradescanweescapetheratraceandbuildabetterfuture.Butwhatiflower-tiercollegesanduniversitieswerethetickettoescapingtheratrace?Afterall，whereelsecanyouleaveschoolwithadecentdegree—butwithoutalifetimeofdebt?[F]Myschooldidn’tcomepre-packagedlikethemorepopularoptions,sowewerelefttotakecareofourselves,figuringoutcitylifeandtryingtocompletedegreeprogramsthatnoonewaschampioningforustosucceedin.WhatI\'msayingis,Ilovedmyuniversitybecauseittaughtusalltoberesourcefulandwecouldmakewhatwewantedoutofit.[G]Iwasluckyenoughtohavemytuitioncoveredbyalottery-fundedscholarshipcalledHOPE(HelpingOutstandingPupilsEducationally).WhenIstartedcollege,theHOPEscholarshipwasfundedbythestateofGeorgiaandofferedtograduatinghighschoolseniorswithaGPAof3.0orhigher.LivingcostsandbooksIpaidforwithmoneyearnedduringhighschool,supplementedbyasmallcollegefundmydeceasedgrandfatherleftformeandamodestsavingsaccountmyparentscreatedwhenIwasborn.[H]Sowhataboutallthatnamerecognition?Sure,manyofmycolleaguesandcompetitorshavemoreglamorousalmamaters(母校)thanIdo.Asajournalist,IhavecompetedagainstNYU,Columbia,andNortheasterngraduatesforjobs.Andyet,notasingleinterviewerhaseveraskedmeaboutmyeducationalbackground.Infact,almosteveryinterviewI\'veeverhadwasduetoaconnection—onethatI\'vegainedthroughpuredetermination,notaschoolbrand.[I]AccordingtoTheBostonGlobe,studentswhoearnedtheirbachelor\'sin2012haveanaveragemonthlyloanpaymentof$312,whichisone-thirdmorethanthosewhograduatedin2004.Ultimately,that\'sthethinguniversitiesdon\'twanttoadmit.Privateuniversitiesaremoney-makinginstitutions.Ifyoucanaffordtobuyprestige,that\'syourchoice.Fortherestofus,however,ourheartylower-tiereduniversitiesarejustfine,thankyou.[J]Wealthyuniversitiestalkupthebenefitstheirnamewillgivegraduates:namely,strongalumni第10页共43页2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）networks,starfaculty,andaresumeboost.Butyouneedn\'tattendanIvyLeagueschooltoreapthoserewards.LudacrisandtheformerCEOofBankofAmericaKenLewisarealumniofmycollege,aswellasVICE\'sfirstfemaleeditor-in-chief,EllisJones.Successfulpeopletendtobesuccessfulnomatterwheretheygotoschool,andlower-tierschoolscanhavealumninetworksjustasstrongastheirbignamecounterparts.Infact,lower-tierschoolalumninetworksarearguablystronger,becausefellowalumnirecognizethatyoudidn’tnecessarilyhaveaneasypathtofollow.Theymightbemorewillingtooffercareerhelp,becauseyourlessfamousschooldenotesthat,likethem,youarealsofullofenergyandperseverance.[K]TheWashingtonPostreportedonarecentstudybyPrincetoneconomists,inwhichcollegegraduateswhoappliedtothemostselectiveschoolsinthe12thgradewerecomparedtothosewhoappliedtoslightlylessselectiveschools.Theyfoundthatstudentswithmorepotentialearnedmoreasadults,andthereverseheldtrueaswell,nomatterwheretheywenttoschool.[L]Likewise,starfacultyarenotalwaysfoundwhereyou\'dexpect.Bignameschoolsarenotnecessarilythebestplacesforprofessors；plus,manyprofessorssplitteachingtimebetweenmultiplecollegesand/oruniversities.Thismeans,forinstance,aCUNYstudentcouldreasonablyexpecttoreceivethesamequalityofinstructionfromaprestigiousprofessorastheywouldiftheywereenrolledinthesameclassatNYU.[M]It\'spossiblethatsomehiringmanagersmaybedrawntocandidateswithaparticulareducationalresume,butit\'snoguarantee.Accordingtoa2012surveydescribedinTheAtlantic,collegereputationrankedlowestinrelativeimportanceofattributesinevaluatinggraduatesforhire,beatenoutbytopfactorslikeinternships,employmentduringcollege,collegemajor,volunteerexperience,andextracurriculars.[N]Maybestudentswhochooselessprestigiousuniversitiesareboundtosucceedbecausetheyaredeterminedto.Itendtothinkso.Inanycase,ifIcoulddoitagain,I\'dstillmakethesamechoice.TodayI\'mdebt-free,resourceful—andIunderstandthateventheshiniestpackagingcan\'tpredictwhatyou\'llfindontheinside.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。36.Modestinstitutionscanalsohavesuccessfulgraduatesandstrongalumninetworks.37.Themoneytheauthormadeinhighschoolhelpedpayforherlivingexpensesandbooksatcollege.第11页共43页2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）38.Theauthorcametoseehowcostlycollegeeducationcouldbewhenshewastryingtochooseauniversitytoattend.39.Arecentstudyfoundthatagraduate\'ssalaryisdeterminedbytheirpotential,nottheuniversitytheyattended.40.Theauthorcannotrecallforsurewhatmadecertaintopuniversitiesappearalotbetter.41.Noneoftheauthor\'sjobinterviewerscaredwhichcollegeshewentto.42.Theauthorthinksshedidtherightthinginchoosingalessprestigiousuniversity.43.Inordertobeadmittedtoaprestigiousuniversity,theauthortookpartinvariousextracurricularactivitiesandattendedtestpreparationcourses.44.Theauthorlikedheruniversitywhichwasnotprestigiousbutlessexpensive.45.Collegesarereluctanttoadmitthatgraduatestodayareinheavierdebt.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Economicallyspeaking,arewebetteroffthanweweretenyearsago?Twentyyearsago?Intheirthirstforevidenceonthisissue,commentatorsseizedontherecentreportbytheCensusBureau，whichfoundthataveragehouseholdincomeroseby5.2%in2015.Unfortunately,thatconclusionputstoomuchweightonauseful,butflawedandincomplete,statistic.AmongthemoresignificantproblemswiththeCensus’smeasurearethat：1)itexcludestaxes,transfers,andcompensationlikeemployer-providedhealthinsurance；and2)itisbasedonsurveysratherthandata.Evenifpreciselymeasured,incomedataexcludeimportantdeterminantsofeconomicwell-being,suchasthehoursofworkneededtoearnthatincome.Whilethinkingaboutthequestion,wecameacrossarecentlypublishedarticlebyCharlesJonesandPeterKlenow,whichproposesaninterestingnewmeasureofeconomicwelfare.Whilebynomeansperfect,itisconsiderablymorecomprehensivethanaverageincome,takingintoaccountnotonlygrowth第12页共43页2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）inconsumptionperpersonbutalsochangesinworkingtime,lifeexpectancy,andinequality.Moreover,itcanbeusedtoassesseconomicperformancebothacrosscountriesandovertime.TheJones-Klenowmethodcanbeillustratedbyacross-countryexample.SupposewewanttocomparetheeconomicwelfareofcitizensoftheU.S.andFrancein2005.In2005,astheauthorsobserve,realconsumptionperpersoninFrancewasonly60%ashighastheU.S.,makingitappearthatAmericanswereeconomicallymuchbetteroffthantheFrenchonaverage.However,thatcomparisonomitsotherrelevantfactors:leisuretime,lifeexpectancy,andeconomicinequality.TheFrenchtakelongervacationsandretireearlier,sotypicallyworkfewerhours；theyenjoyahigherlifeexpectancy,presumablyreflectingadvantageswithrespecttohealthcare,diet,lifestyle,andthelike；andincomeandconsumptionaresomewhatmoreequallydistributedtherethanintheU.S.Becauseofthesedifferences,comparingFrance\'sconsumptionwiththeU.S.\'soverstatesthegapineconomicwelfare.SimilarcalculationscanbeusedtocomparetheU.S.andothercountries.Forexample,thiscalculationputseconomicwelfareintheUnitedKingdomat97%ofU.S.levels,butestimatesMexicanwell-beingat22%.TheJones-Klenowmeasurecanalsoassessaneconomy\'sperformanceovertime.Accordingtothismeasure,asoftheearly-to-mid-2000s,theU.S.hadthehighesteconomicwelfareofanylargecountry.Since2007,economicwelfareintheU.S.hascontinuedtoimprove.However,thepaceofimprovementhasslowedmarkedly.Methodologically,thelessonfromtheJones-Klenowresearchisthateconomicwelfareismulti-dimensional.Theirapproachisflexibleenoughthatinprincipleotherimportantquality-of-lifechangescouldbeincorporated—forexample,decreasesintotalemissionsofpollutantsanddeclinesincrimerates.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。46.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthe2015reportbytheCensusBureau?A)Itisbasedonquestionablestatistics.B)Itreflectstheeconomicchanges.C)Itevidencestheimprovedwelfare.D)Itprovidesmuchfoodforthought.第13页共43页2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）47.WhatdoestheauthorsayabouttheJones-Klenowmethod?A)Itiswidelyusedtocomparetheeconomicgrowthacrosscountries.B)Itrevolutionizesthewayofmeasuringordinarypeople\'slivelihood.C)Itfocusesonpeople\'sconsumptionratherthantheiraverageincome.D)Itisamorecomprehensivemeasureofpeople\'seconomicwell-being.48.WhatdoJonesandKlenowthinkofthecomparisonbetweenFranceandtheU.S.intermsofrealconsumptionperperson?A)Itreflectedtheexistingbiggapbetweenthetwoeconomies.B)Itneglectedmanyimportantindicatorsofpeople’swelfare.C)Itcoveredupthedifferencesbetweenindividualcitizens.D)Itfailedtocountintheirdifferenceinnaturalresources.49.WhatisanadvantageoftheJones-Klenowmethod?A)Itcanaccuratelypinpointacountry\'scurrenteconomicproblems.B)Itcanhelptoraisepeople\'sawarenessoftheireconomicwell-being.C)Itcandiagnosethecausesofacountry\'sslowingpaceofeconomicimprovement.D)Itcancompareacountry\'seconomicconditionsbetweendifferentperiodsoftime.50.WhatcanweinferfromthepassageaboutAmericanpeople\'seconomicwell-being?A)ItismuchbetterthanthatoftheirEuropeancounterparts.B)Ithasbeenonthedeclineeversincetheturnofthecentury.C)IthasnotimprovedasmuchasreportedbytheCensusBureau.D)Ithasnotbeenaccuratelyassessedandreportedsincemid-2000s.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Ifyou\'veeverstartedasentencewith,"IfIwereyou…"orfoundyourselfscratchingyourheadatacolleague\'sagonyoveradecisionwhentheansweriscrystal-clear,there\'sascientificreasonbehindit.Ourowndecision-makingabilitiescanbecomedepletedoverthecourseofthedaycausingindecisionor第14页共43页2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）poorchoices，butchoosingonbehalfofsomeoneelseisanenjoyabletaskthatdoesn\'tsufferthesamepitfalls.Theproblemis"decisionfatigue",apsychologicalphenomenonthattakesatollonthequalityofyourchoicesafteralongdayofdecisionmaking,saysEvanPolman,aleadingpsychologist.Physicianswhohavebeenonthejobforseveralhours,forexample,aremorelikelytoprescribeantibioticstopatientswhenit\'sunwisetodoso."Presumablyit\'sbecauseit\'ssimpleandeasytowriteaprescriptionandconsiderapatientcaseclosedratherthaninvestigatefurther,"Polmansays.Butdecisionfatiguegoesawaywhenyouaremakingthedecisionforsomeoneelse.Whenpeopleimaginethemselvesasadvisersandimaginetheirownchoicesasbelongingtosomeoneelse,theyfeellesstiredandrelylessondecisionshortcutstomakethosechoices."Bytakingupontheroleofadviserratherthandecisionmaker,onedoesnotsuffertheconsequencesofdecisionfatigue，"hesays."It\'sasifthere\'ssomethingfunandliberatingaboutmakingsomeoneelse\'schoice.\'\'Gettinginputfromothersnotonlyoffersafreshperspectiveandthoughtprocess,itoftenalsoincludesriskierchoices.Whilethissoundsundesirable,itcanbequitegood,saysPolman."Whenpeopleexperiencedecisionfatigue—whentheyaretiredofmakingchoices—theyhaveatendencytochoosetogowiththestatusquo(现状)，"hesays."Butthestatusquocanbeproblematic,sinceachangeinthecourseofactioncansometimesbeimportantandleadtoapositiveoutcome."Inordertoachieveasuccessfuloutcomeorreward,somelevelofriskisalmostalwaysessential."Peoplewhoaresusceptibletodecisionfatiguewilllikelychoosetodonothingoversomething,"hesays."That\'snottosaythatriskisalwaysgood,butitisrelatedtotakingaction,whereasdecisionfatigueassuredlyleadstoinactionandthepossiblechagrin(澳恼)ofadecisionmakerwhomightotherwisepreferanewcoursebutisunfortunatelyhindered."Justbecauseyoucanmakegoodchoicesforothersdoesn’tmeanyou\'11dothesameforyourself,Polmancautions."Researchhasfoundthatwomennegotiatehighersalariesforothersthantheydoforthemselves,"hesays,addingthatpeopleslipinandoutofdecisionroles.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。51.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpeoplemakingdecisions?A)Theymaybecomeexhaustedbymakingtoomanydecisionsforthemselves.第15页共43页2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）B)Theyaremorecautiousinmakingdecisionsforothersthanforthemselves.C)Theytendtomakedecisionsthewaytheythinkadvantageoustothem.D)Theyshowconsiderabledifferencesintheirdecision-makingabilities.52.Whatdoestheexampleaboutthephysiciansillustrate?A)Patientsseldomreceiveduecaretowardstheendoftheday.B)Prescriptionofantibioticscanbeharmfultopatients’health.C)Decisionfatiguemaypreventpeoplemakingwisedecisions.D)Medicaldoctorsareespeciallysusceptibletodecisionfatigue.53.Whendopeoplefeellessdecisionfatigue?A)Whentheytakedecisionshortcuts.B)Whentheyhelpotherstomakedecisions.C)Whentheyhavemajordecisionstomake.D)Whentheyhaveadviserstoturnto.54.Whatarepeoplelikelytodowhendecisionfatiguesetsin?A)Theyturntophysiciansforadvice.B)Theytendtomakeriskydecisions.C)Theyadoptatotallynewperspective.D)Theyrefrainfromtryinganythingnew.55.Whatdoesthepassagesayabouttakingsomeriskindecisionmaking?A)Itisvitalforonetoreachthegoaldesired.B)Itislikelytoentailseriousconsequences.C)Itwillenablepeopletobemorecreative.D)Itwillmoreoftenthannotendinregret.PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.第16页共43页2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）中国目前拥有世界上最大最快的高速铁路网。高铁列车的运行速度还将继续提升，更多的城市将修建高铁站。高铁大大缩短了人们出行的时间。相对飞机而言，高轶列车的突出优势在于准时，因为基本不受天气或交通管制的影响。高铁极大地改变了中国人的生活方式。如今，它已经成了很多人商务旅行的首选交通工具。越来越多的人也在假日乘高铁外出旅游。还有不少年轻人选择在一个城市工作而在邻近城市居住，每天乘高铁上下班。注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。快速对答案12345678910111213141516171819202122232425BADCBADDCACBCABDABDCACADB26272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950DANLFECBJ0JGCKBHNAEIADBDC5152535455ACBDA第17页共43页2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（二）PartIWriting(30minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayontheimportanceofbuildingtrustbetweenbusinessesandconsumers.Youcanciteexamplestoillustrateyourviews.youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A)Sheadvocatesanimalprotection.B)Shesellsaspecialkindofcoffee.C)Sheisgoingtostartacafechain.D)Sheistheownerofaspecialcafe.2.A)Theybearalotofsimilarities.B)Theyareaprofitablebusinesssector.第18页共43页2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）C)Theycatertodifferentcustomers.D)Theyhelptakecareofcustomers\'pets.3.A)Bygivingthemregularcleaningandinjections.B)Byselectingbreedsthataretameandpeaceful.C)Byplacingthematasafedistancefromcustomers.D)Bybriefingcustomersonhowtogetalongwiththem.4.A)Theywanttolearnaboutrabbits.B)Theyliketobringintheirchildren.C)Theylovetheanimalsinhercafe.D)Theygivehercafefavoritereviews.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A)Itcontainstoomanyadditives.B)Itlackstheessentialvitamins.C)Itcancauseobesity.D)Itismostlygarbage.6.A)Itsfancydesign.B)TVcommercials.C)Itstasteandtexture.D)Peerinfluence.7.A)Investingheavilyintheproductionofsweetfoods.B)Marketingtheirproductswithordinaryingredients.C)Tryingtotrickchildrenintobuyingtheirproducts.D)Offeringchildrenmorevarietiestochoosefrom.8.A)Theyhardlyatevegetables.B)Theyseldomhadjunkfood.第19页共43页2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）C)Theyfavoredchocolate-coatedsweets.D)TheylikedthefoodadvertisedonTV.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to12arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)Stretchesoffarmland.C)Tombsofancientrulers.B)TypicalEgyptiananimalfarms.D)Ruinsleftbydevastatingfloods.10.A)Itprovideshabitatsformoreprimitivetribes.B)Itishardlyassociatedwithgreatcivilizations.C)Ithasnotyetbeenfullyexploredandexploited.D)Itgatherswaterfrommanytropicalruinforests.11.A)Itcarriesaboutonefifthoftheworld’sfreshwater.B)Ithasnumeroushumansettlementsalongitsbanks.C)ItissecondonlytotheMississippiRiverinwidth.D)ItisaslongastheNileandtheYangtzecombined.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.12.A)Livingalifeinthefastlaneleadstosuccess.B)Wearealwaysinarushlodovariousthings.C)Thesearchfortranquilityhasbecomeatrend.D)Allofusactuallyyearnforaslowandcalmlife.第20页共43页2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）13.A)ShehadtroublebalancingfamilyandworkB)Sheenjoyedthevarioussocialevents.C)Shewasaccustomedtotightschedules.D)Shespentallherleisuretimewritingbooks.14.A)Thepossibilityofruiningherfamily.B)Becomingawareofherdeclininghealth.C)Thefatiguefromlivingafast-pacedlife.D)Readingabookaboutslowingdown.15.A)Shestartedtofollowtheculturalnorms.B)Shecametoenjoydoingeverydaytasks.C)Shelearnedtousemorepoliteexpressions.D)Shestoppedusingto-dolistsandcalendars.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B)，C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A)Theywillrootoutnativespeciesaltogether.B)Theycontributetoaregion\'sbiodiversity.C)Theyposeathreattothelocalecosystem,D)Theywillcrossbreedwithnativespecies.17.A)Theirclassificationsaremeaningful.B)Theirinteractionsarehardtodefine.第21页共43页2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）C)Theirdefinitionsarechangeable.D)Theirdistinctionsareartificial.18.A)Onlyafewofthemcauseproblemstonativespecies.B)Theymayturnouttobenefitthelocalenvironment.C)Fewofthemcansurviveintheirnewhabitats.D)Only10percentofthemcanbenaturalized.Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19.A)Respecttheirtraditionalculture.B)Attendtheirbusinessseminars.C)Researchtheirspecificdemands.D)Adopttherightbusinessstrategies.20.A)Showingthemyourpalm.B)Givingthemgiftsofgreatvalue.C)Drinkingalcoholoncertaindaysofamonth.D)Clickingyourfingersloudlyintheirpresence.21.A)Theyareveryeasytosatisfy.B)Theyhaveastrongsenseofworth.C)Theytendtobefriendlyandenthusiastic.D)Theyhaveabreakfrom2:00to5:30p.mQuestions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.22.A)Hecompletelychangedthecompany\'sculture.B)Hecollectedpaintingsbyworld-famousartists.C)HetookoverthesalesdepartmentofReader’sDigest.D)Hehadthecompany\'sboardroomextensivelyrenovated.第22页共43页2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）23.A)Itshouldbesoldatareasonableprice.B)Itsarticlesshouldbeshortandinspiring.C)Itshouldbepublishedintheworld\'sleadinglanguages.D)Itsarticlesshouldentertainblue-andpink-collarworkers.24.A)Heknewhowtomakethemagazineprofitable.B)Heservedasachurchministerformanyyears.C)Hesufferedmanysetbacksandmisfortunesinhislife.D)Hetreatedtheemployeeslikemembersofhisfamily.25.A)Itcarriedmanymoreadvertisements.B)GeorgeGrunejoineditasanadsalesman.C)Severalhundredofitsemployeesgotfired.D)Itssubscriptionsincreasedconsiderably.PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices,Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.DidSarahJosephaHalewrite"Mary\'sLittleLamb"，theeternalnurseryrhyme(儿歌）aboutagirlnamedMarywithastubbornlamb?Thisisstilldisputed,butit\'sclearthatthewoman(26)_______forwritingitwasoneofAmerica\'smostfascinating(27)_______.Inhonorofthepoem\'spublicationonMay24,1830,here\'smoreaboutthe(28)_______author\'slife.第23页共43页2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）Halewasn’tjustawriter,shewasalsoa(29)_______socialadvocate,andshewasparticularly(30)_______withanidealNewEngland,whichsheassociatedwithabundantThanksgivingmealsthatsheclaimedhad"adeepmoralinfluence".Shebegananationwide(31)_______tohaveanationalholidaydeclaredthatwouldbringfamiliestogetherwhilecelebratingthe(32)_______festivals.In1863,after17yearsofadvocacyincludingletterstofivepresidents,Halegotit.PresidentAbrahamLincoln,duringtheCivilWar,issueda(33)_______settingasidethelastThursdayinNovemberfortheholiday.Thetrueauthorshipof"Mary\'sLittleLamb"isdisputed.AccordingtotheNewEnglandHistoricalSociety,Halewroteonlypartofthepoem,butclaimedauthorship.Regardlessoftheauthor,itseemsthatthepoemwas(34)_______byarealevent.WhenyoungMarySawyerwasfollowedtoschoolbyalambin1816，itcausedsomeproblems.AbystandernamedJohnRoulstonewroteapoemabouttheevent,then,atsomepoint,Haleherselfseemstohavehelpedwriteit.However,ifa1916piecebyhergreat-nieceistobetrusted,Haleclaimedforthe(35)_______ofherlifethat“someotherpeoplepretendedthatsomeoneelsewrotethepoem”.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A)campaignB)careerC)charactersD)featuresE)fierceF)inspiredG)latterH)obsessedI)proclamationJ)rectifiedK)reputedL)restM)supposedN)traditionalO)versatileSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.GrowPlantsWithoutWater[A]Eversincehumanitybegantofarmourownfood，we\'vefacedtheunpredictablerainthatisbothfriendandenemy.Itcomesandgoeswithoutmuchwarning,andafieldoflush(茂盛的）leafygreensoneyearcandryupandblowawaythenext.Foodsecurityandfortunesdependonsufficient第24页共43页2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）rain,andnowheremoresothaninAfrica,where96%offarmlanddependsonraininsteadoftheirrigationcommoninmoredevelopedplaces.Ithasconsequences:SouthAfricasongoingdrought—theworstinthreedecades一willcostatleastaquarterofitscorncropthisyear.[B]BiologistJillFarrantoftheUniversityofCapeTowninSouthAfricasaysthatnaturehasplentyofanswersforpeoplewhowanttogrowcropsinplaceswithunpredictablerainfall.Sheishardatworkfindingawaytotaketraitsfromrarewildplantsthatadapttoextremedryweatherandusetheminfoodcrops.Astheearth\'sclimatechangesandrainfallbecomesevenlesspredictableinsomeplaces,thoseanswerswillgrowevenmorevaluable.ThetypeoffarmingI\'maimingforisliterallysothatpeoplecansurviveasit\'sgoingtogetmoreandmoredry,"Farrantsays.[C]Extremeconditionsproduceextremelytoughplants.IntherustyreddesertsofSouthAfrica,steep-sidedrockyhillscalledinselbergsrearupfromtheplainslikethebonesoftheearth.Thehillsareremnantsofanearliergeologicalera,scrapedbareofmostsoilandexposedtotheelements.Yetontheseandsimilarformationsindesertsaroundtheworld,afewfierceplantshaveadaptedtoendureunderever-changingconditions.[D]Farrantcallsthemresurrectionplants(复苏植物）.Duringmonthswithoutwaterunderaharshsun,theywither,shrinkandcontractuntiltheylooklikeapileofdeadgrayleaves.Butrainfallcanrevivetheminamatterofhours.Hertime-lapse(间歇性拍摄的）videosoftherevivalslooklikesomeoneplayingatapeoftheplant\'sdeathinreverse.[E]Thebigdifferencebetween"drought-tolerant"plantsandthesetoughplants:metabolism.Manydifferentkindsofplantshavedevelopedtacticstoweatherdryspells.Someplantsstorereservesofwatertoseethemthroughadrought；otherssendrootsdeepdowntosubsurfacewatersupplies.Butoncetheseplantsuseuptheirstoredreserveortapouttheundergroundsupply,theyceasegrowingandstarttodie.Theymaybeabletohandleadroughtofsomelength,andmanypeopleusetheterm"droughttolerant"todescribesuchplants,buttheyneveractuallystopneedingtoconsumewater,soFarrantpreferstocallthemdroughtresistant.[F]Resurrectionplants,definedasthosecapableofrecoveringfromholdinglessthan0.1gramsofwater第25页共43页2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）pergramofdrymass,aredifferent.Theylackwater-storingstructures,andtheirexistenceonrockfacespreventsthemfromtappinggroundwater,sotheyhaveinsteaddevelopedtheabilitytochangetheirmetabolism.Whentheydetectanextendeddryperiod,theydiverttheirmetabolismsproducingsugarsandcertainstress-associatedproteinsandothermaterialsintheirtissuesAstheplantdries,theseresourcestakeonfirstthepropertiesofhoney,thenrubber,andfinallyenteraglass-likestatethatis"themoststablestatethattheplantcanmaintain"，FarrantsaysThatslowstheplant\'smetabolismandprotectsitsdried-outtissues.TheplantsalsochangeshapeshrinkingtominimizethesurfaceareathroughwhichtheirremainingwatermightevaporateTheycanrecoverfrommonthsandyearswithoutwater,dependingonthespecies.[G]Whatelsecandothisdry-out-and-revivetrick?Seeds—almostallofthem.Atthestartofhercareer,Farrantstudied"recalcitrantseeds(顽拗性种子）\'\'，suchasavocados,coffeeandlychee.Whiletasty,suchseedsaredelicate—theycannotbudandgrowiftheydryout(asyoumaknowifyou\'veevertriedtogrowatreefromanavocadopit).Intheseedworld,thatmakesthemrare,becausemostseedsfromfloweringplantsarequiterobust.Mostseedscanwaitoutthedry,unwelcomingseasonsuntilconditionsarerightandtheysprout(发芽）.Yetoncetheystartgrowing,suchplantsseemnottoretaintheabilitytohitthepausebuttononmetabolismintheirstemsorleaves.[H]AftercompletingherPh.D.onseeds,Farrantbeganinvestigatingwhetheritmightbepossibletoisolatethepropertiesthatmakemostseedssoresilient(迅速恢复活力的）andtransferthemtootherplanttissues.WhatFarrantandothershavefoundoverthepasttwodecadesisthattherearemanygenesinvolvedinresurrectionplants\'responsetodryness.Manyofthemarethesamethatregulatehowseedsbecomedryness-tolerantwhilestillattachedtotheirparentplants.Nowtheyaretryingtofigureoutwhatmolecularsignalingprocessesactivatethoseseed-buildinggenesinresurrectionplants—andhowtoreproducethemincrops.Mostgenesareregulatedbyamastersetofgenes,\'\'Farrantsays."We\'relookingatgenepromotersandwhatwouldbetheirmasterswitch.\'\'[I]OnceFarrantandhercolleaguesfeeltheyhaveabettersenseofwhichswitchestothrow，theywillhavetofindthebestwaytodosoinusefulcrops."I\'mtryingthreemethodsofbreeding,"Farrantsays:conventional,geneticmodificationandgeneediting.Shesayssheisawarethatplentyofpeopledonotwanttoeatgeneticallymodifiedcrops,butsheispushingaheadwitheveryavailabletooluntil第26页共43页2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）oneworks.Farmersandconsumersalikecanchoosewhetherornottousewhicheverversionprevails:"I\'mgivingpeopleanoption."[J]Farrantandothersintheresurrectionbusinessgottogetherlastyeartodiscussthebestspeciesofresurrectionplanttouseasalabmodel.Justlikemedicalresearchersuseratstotestideasforhumanmedicaltreatments,botanistsuseplantsthatarerelativelyeasytogrowinalaborgreenhousesettingtotesttheirideasforrelatedspecies.TheQueenslandrockvioletisoneofthebeststudiedresurrectionplantssofar,withadraftgenome(基因图谱）publishedlastyearbyaChineseteam.Alsolastyear,Farrantandcolleaguespublishedadetailedmolecularstudyofanothercandidate,Xerophytaviscosa,atough-as-nailSouthAfricanplantwithlily-likeflowers,andshesaysthatagenomeisontheway.Oneorbothofthesemodelswillhelpresearcherstesttheirideas一sofarmostlydoneinthelab—ontestplots.[K]Understandingthebasicsciencefirstiskey.Therearegoodreasonswhycropplantsdonotusedrynessdefensesalready.Forinstance,there\'sahighenergycostinswitchingfromaregularmetabolismtoanalmost-no-watermetabolism.Itwillalsobenecessarytounderstandwhatsortofyieldfarmersmightexpectandtoestablishtheplant\'ssafety."Theyieldisnevergoingtobehigh，"Farrantsays,sotheseplantswillbetargetednotatIowafarmerstryingtosqueezemorecashoutofhigh-yieldfields,butsubsistencefarmerswhoneedhelptosurviveadroughtlikethepresentoneinSouthAfrica."Myvisionisforthesubsistencefarmer,"Farrantsays."I，mtargetingcropsthatareofAfricanvalue."注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。36.Thereareacoupleofplantstoughandadaptableenoughtosurviveonbarerockyhillsandindeserts.37.Farrantistryingtoisolategenesinresurrectionplantsandreproducethemincrops.38.FarmersinSouthAfricaaremoreatthemercyofnature,especiallyinconsistentrainfall.39.Resurrectioncropsaremostlikelytobethechoiceofsubsistencefarmers.40.Eventhoughmanyplantshavedevelopedvarioustacticstocopewithdryweather,theycannotsurviveaprolongeddrought.41.Despiteconsumerresistance,researchersarepushingaheadwithgeneticmodificationofcrops.42.Mostseedscanpullthroughdryspellsandbegingrowingwhenconditionsareripe,butoncethis第27页共43页2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）processstarts,itcannotbeheldback.43.Farrantisworkinghardtocultivatefoodcropsthatcansurviveextremedrynessbystudyingthetraitsofrarewildplants.44.Byadjustingtheirmetabolism,resurrectionplantscanrecoverfromanextendedperiodofdrought.45.Resurrectionplantscancomebacktolifeinashorttimeafterarainfall.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Humanmemoryisnotoriouslyunreliable.Evenpeoplewiththesharpestfacial-recognitionskillscanonlyremembersomuch.It’stoughtoquantifyhowgoodapersonisatremembering.Noonereallyknowshowmanydifferentfacessomeonecanrecall,forexample,butvariousestimatestendtohoverinthethousands—basedonthenumberofacquaintancesapersonmighthave.Machinesaren\'tlimitedthisway.Givetherightcomputeramassivedatabaseoffaces,anditcanprocesswhatitsees—thenrecognizeafaceit\'stoldtofind—withremarkablespeedandprecision.Thisskilliswhatsupportstheenormouspromiseoffacial-recognitionsoftwareinthe21stcentury.It\'salsowhatmakescontemporarysurveillancesystemssoscary.Thethingis,machinesstillhavelimitationswhenitcomestofacialrecognition.Andscientistsareonlyjustbeginningtounderstandwhatthoseconstraintsare.Tobegintofigureouthowcomputersarestruggling,researchersattheUniversityofWashingtoncreatedamassivedatabaseoffaces—theycallitMegaFace—andtestedavarietyoffacial-recognitionalgorithms(算法）astheyscaledupincomplexity.Theideawastotestthemachinesonadatabasethatincludedupto1milliondifferentimagesofnearly700,000differentpeople—andnotjustalargedatabasefeaturingarelativelysmallnumberofdifferentfaces,moreconsistentwithwhat’sbeenusedinotherresearch.Asthedatabasesgrew,machineaccuracydippedacrosstheboard.Algorithmsthatwereright95%of第28页共43页2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）thetimewhentheyweredealingwitha13,000-imagedatabase,forexample,wereaccurateabout70%ofthetimewhenconfrontedwith1millionimages.That\'sstillprettygood,saysoneoftheresearchers,IraKemelmacher-Shlizerman."Muchbetterthanweexpected,"shesaid.Machinesalsohaddifficultyadjustingforpeoplewholookalotalike—eitherdoppelgangers(长相极相似的人），whomthemachinewouldhavetroubleidentifyingastwoseparatepeople,orthesamepersonwhoappearedindifferentphotosatdifferentagesorindifferentlighting,whomthemachinewouldincorrectlyviewasseparatepeople."Oncewescaleup,algorithmsmustbesensitivetotinychangesinidentitiesandatthesametimeinvarianttolighting,pose,age,"Kemelmacher-Shlizermansaid.Thetroubleis,formanyoftheresearcherswho’dliketodesignsystemstoaddressthesechallenges,massivedatasetsforexperimentationjustdon’texist—atleast,notinformatsthatareaccessibletoacademicresearchers.TrainingsetsliketheonesGoogleandFacebookhaveareprivate.Therearenopublicdatabasesthatcontainmillionsoffaces.MegaFace\'screatorssayit’sthelargestpubliclyavailablefacial-recognitiondatasetoutthere."Anultimatefacerecognitionalgorithmshouldperformwithbillionsofpeopleinadataset,"theresearcherswrote.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。46.Comparedwithhumanmemory,machinescan_______.A)identifyhumanfacesmoreefficientlyB)tellafriendfromamereacquaintanceC)storeanunlimitednumberofhumanfacesD)perceiveimagesinvisibletothehumaneye47.WhydidresearcherscreateMegaFace?A)Toenlargethevolumeofthefacial-recognitiondatabase.B)Toincreasethevarietyoffacial-recognitionsoftware.C)Tounderstandcomputers\'problemswithfacialrecognition.D)Toreducethecomplexityoffacial-recognitionalgorithms.第29页共43页2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）48.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutmachineaccuracy?A)Itfallsshortofresearchers’expectations.B)Itimproveswithaddedcomputingpower.C)Itvariesgreatlywithdifferentalgorithms.D)Itdecreasesasthedatabasesizeincreases.49.Whatissaidtobeashortcomingoffacial-recognitionmachines?A)Theycannoteasilytellapartpeoplewithnear-identicalappearances.B)Theyhavedifficultyidentifyingchangesinfacialexpressions.C)Theyarenotsensitivetominutechangesinpeople\'smood.D)Theyhaveproblemsdistinguishingpeopleofthesameage.50.Whatisthedifficultyconfrontingresearchersoffacial-recognitionmachines?A)Nocomputerisyetabletohandlehugedatasetsofhumanfaces.B)Theredonotexistpublicdatabaseswithsufficientfacesamples.C)Therearenoappropriatealgorithmstoprocessthefacesamples.D)Theyhavetroubleconvertingfacedatasetsintotherightformat.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.There’recurrently21.5millionstudentsinAmerica，andmanywillbefundingtheircollegeonborrowedmoney.Giventhatthere\'snowover$1.3trillioninstudentloansonthebooks,it\'sprettyclearthatmanystudentsarefarfromsensible.Theaveragestudent’sdebtupongraduationnowapproaches$40,000,andascollegebecomesevermoreexpensive,callstomakeit"free"aremultiplying.EvenHillaryClintonsaysthatwhenitcomestocollege，"Costswon\'tbeabarrier."Buttheonlywaycollegecouldbefreeisifthefacultyandstaffdonatedtheirtime,thebuildingsrequirednomaintenance,andcampusesrequirednoutilities.Aslongasit’simpossibletoproducesomethingfromnothing,costsareabsolutelyabarrier.Theactualquestionwedebateiswhoshouldpayforpeopletogotocollege.Iftaxpayersaretobearthecostofforgivingstudentloans,shouldn\'ttheyhaveasayinhowtheirmoneyisused?Atleasttaxpayersshouldbeabletodecidewhatstudentswillstudyonthepublicdime.Ifwe\'re第30页共43页2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）goingtoforcetaxpayerstofootthebillforcollegedegrees,studentsshouldonlystudythosesubjectsthat\'reofgreatestbenefittotaxpayers.Afterall,studentsmakingtheirownchoicesinthisrespectiswhatcausedtheprobleminthefirstplace.Wesimplydon\'tneedmorepoetry,genderstudies,orsociologymajors.Howdoweknowwhichsubjectsbenefitsociety?Easy.Averagestartingsalariesgiveaclearindicationofwhattypeoftrainingsocietyneedsitsnewworkerstohave.Certainly,there’rebenefitstoacollegemajorbeyondthejobastudentcanperform.Butifwe\'retalkingaboutthebenefitstosociety,theonlythingthatmattersiswhatthemajorenablesthestudenttoproduceforsociety.Andthevalueofwhatthestudentcanproduceisreflectedinthewageemployersarewillingtopaythestudenttoproduceit.Alowwageforelementaryschoolteachers,however,doesn’tmeanelementaryeducationisn\'timportant.Itsimplymeansthere\'retoomanyelementaryschoolteachersalready.Meanwhilethere’refewwho\'rewillingandabletoperformjobsrequiringapetroleumengineeringmajor,sothevalueofonemoreofthosepeopleisveryhigh.Sowecanhavetaxpayerspickupstudents\'tuitioninexchangefordictatingwhatthosestudentswillstudy.Orwecanallowstudentsbothtochoosetheirmajorsandpayfortheireducationthemselves.Butintheend,oneoftwothingsistrue：Eitheracollegemajorisworthitscostoritisn’t.Ifyes,taxpayerfinancingisn’tneeded.Ifnot,taxpayerfinancingisn\'tdesirable.Eitherway,taxpayershavenobusinesspayingforstudents’collegeeducation.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。51.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofcollegestudentsfundingtheireducationthroughloans?A)Theyonlyexpecttogethugereturns.B)Theyareactinginanirrationalway.C)Theybenefitattaxpayers\'expense.D)Theywillregretdoingsosomeday.52.Intheauthor\'sopinion,freecollegeeducationis_______.A)impracticalC)agoaltostriveforB)unsustainableD)awaytosocialequality第31页共43页2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）53.Whatshouldstudentsdoiftaxpayersaretobeartheircollegecosts?A)Workevenhardertorepaysociety.B)Choosetheirsubjectsmorecarefully.C)Choosemajorsthatwillservesociety\'spracticalneeds.D)Allowtaxpayerstoparticipateincollegeadministration.54.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthevalueofastudent\'scollegeeducation?A)Itisunderestimatedbyprofit-seekingemployers.B)Itistobeprovedbywhattheycandoonthejob.C)Itiswellreflectedintheiraveragestartingsalary.D)Itisembodiedinhowtheyremovesocialbarriers.55.Whatmessagedoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthepassage?A)Studentsshouldthinkcarefullywhethertogotocollege.B)Taxpayersshouldonlyfinancethemostgiftedstudents.C)Theworthofacollegeeducationisopentodebate.D)Collegestudentsshouldfundtheirowneducation.PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.过去，拥有一辆私家车对大部分中国人而言是件奢侈的事。如今，私家车在中国随处可见。汽车成了人们生活中不可或缺的一部分，他们不仅开车上下班，还经常驾车出游。有些城市的汽车增长速度过快，以至于交通拥堵和停车位不足的问题日益严峻，这些城市的市政府不得不出台新规，限制上路汽车的数量。由于空气污染日益严重，现在越来越多的人选择购买新能源汽车，中国政府也采取了一些措施，支持新能源汽车的发展。注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。第32页共43页2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）快速对答案12345678910111213141516171819202122232425DAACDBCBCBABCDBCDAACDDBDC26272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950KCMEHANIFLCHAKEIGBFDCCDAB5152535455BACCD2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三）目录2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三）..........................................................................................................1快速对答案........................................................................................................................................................................16第33页共43页2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）PartIWriting(30minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayontheimportanceofbuildingtrustbetweenteachersandstudents.Youcanciteexamplestoillustrateyourviews.youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)说明：2018年6月大学英语六级考试全国共考了两套听力.本套的听力内容与第二套相同，因此本套听力部分不再重复给出。PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices,Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.ScientistsscanningandmappingtheGizapyramidssaythey\'vediscoveredthattheGreatPyramidofGizaisnotexactlyeven.Butreallynotbymuch.Thispyramidistheoldestoftheworld\'sSeven第34页共43页2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）Wonders.Thepyramid’sexactsizehas(26)_______expertsforcenturies,asthe"morethan21acresofhard,whitecasingstones"thatoriginallycovereditwere(27)_______longago.Reportinginthemostrecentissueofthenewsletter"AERAGRAM",which(28)_______theworkoftheAncientEgyptResearchAssociates,engineerGlenDashsayshisteamusedanewmeasuringapproachthatinvolvedfindinganysurviving(29)_______ofthecasinginordertodeterminewheretheoriginaledgewas.Theyfoundtheeastsideofthepyramidtobea30)_______of5.5inchesshorterthanthewestside.Thequestionthatmost31)_______him,however,isn’thowtheEgyptianswhodesignedandbuiltthepyramidgotitwrong4,500yearsago,buthowtheygotitsodoseto32)_______."WecanonlyspeculateashowtheEgyptianscouldhavelaidouttheselineswithsuch(33)_______usingonlythetoolstheyhad,"Dashwrites.Hesayshis34)_______isthattheEgyptianslaidouttheirdesignonagrid,notingthatthegreatpyramidisorientedonly(35)_______awayfromthecardinaldirections(itsnorth-southaxisruns3minutes54secondswestofduenorth,whileitseast-westaxisruns3minutes51secondsnorthofdueeast)—anamountthat’s"tinybutsimilar",archeologistAtlasObscurapointsout.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A)chroniclesB)completeC)establishedD)fascinatesE)hypothesisF)maximumG)momentumH)mysteriouslyI)perfectJ)precisionK)puzzledL)remnantsM)removedN)revelationsO)slightlySectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.PeerPressureHasaPositiveSide[A]Parentsofteenagersoftenviewtheirchildren\'sfriendswithsomethinglikesuspicion.Theyworrythattheadolescentpeergrouphasthepowertopushitsmembersintobehaviorthatisfoolishandevendangerous.Suchwarinessiswellfounded:statisticsshow,forexample,thatateenagedriver第35页共43页2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）withasame-agepassengerinthecarisathigherriskofafatalcrashthananadolescentdrivingaloneorwithanadult.[B]Ina2005study,psychologistLaurenceSteinbergofTempleUniversityandhisco-author,psychologistMargoGardner,thenatTemple,divided306peopleintothreeagegroups:youngadolescents,withameanageof14;olderadolescents,withameanageof19;andadults,aged24andolder.Subjectsplayedacomputerizeddrivinggameinwhichtheplayermustavoidcrashingintoawallthatmaterializes,withoutwarning,ontheroadway.SteinbergandGardnerrandomlyassignedsomeparticipantstoplayaloneorwithtwosame-agepeerslookingon.[C]Olderadolescentsscoredabout50percenthigheronanindexofriskydrivingwhentheirpeerswereintheroom—andthedrivingofearlyadolescentswasfullytwiceasrecklesswhenotheryoungteenswerearound.Incontrast,adultsbehavedinsimilarwaysregardlessofwhethertheywereontheirownorobservedbyothers."Thepresenceofpeersmakesadolescentsandyouth,butnotadults,morelikelytotakerisks，"SteinbergandGardnerconcluded.[D]Yetintheyearsfollowingthepublicationofthisstudy,Steinbergbegantobelievethatthisinterpretationdidnotcapturethewholepicture.Asheandotherresearchersexaminedthequestionofwhyteensweremoreapttotakerisksinthecompanyofotherteenagers,theycametosuspectthatacrowd\'sinfluenceneednotalwaysbenegative.Nowsomeexpertsareproposingthatweshouldtakeadvantageoftheteenbrain\'skeensensitivitytothepresenceoffriendsandleverageittoimproveeducation.[E]Ina2011study,SteinbergandhiscolleaguesturnedtofunctionalMRI(磁共振）toinvestigatehowthepresenceofpeersaffectstheactivityintheadolescentbrain.Theyscannedthebrainsof40teensandadultswhowereplayingavirtualdrivinggamedesignedtotestwhetherplayerswouldbrakeatayellowlightorspeedonthroughthecrossroad.[F]Thebrainsofteenagers,butnotadults,showedgreateractivityintworegionsassociatedwithrewardswhentheywerebeingobservedbysame-agepeersthanwhenalone.Inotherwords,rewardsaremoreintenseforteenswhentheyarewithpeers,whichmotivatesthemtopursuehigher-risk第36页共43页2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）experiencesthatmightbringabigpayoff(suchasthethrillofjustmakingthelightbeforeitturnsred).ButSteinbergsuspectedthistendencycouldalsohaveitsadvantages.Inhislatestexperiment,publishedonlineinAugust,SteinbergandhiscolleaguesusedacomputerizedversionofacardgamecalledtheIowaGamblingTasktoinvestigatehowthepresenceofpeersaffectsthewayyoungpeoplegatherandapplyinformation.[G]Theresults:TeenswhoplayedtheIowaGamblingTaskundertheeyesoffellowadolescentsengagedinmoreexploratorybehavior，learnedfasterfrombothpositiveandnegativeoutcomes，andachievedbetterperformanceonthetaskthanthosewhoplayedinsolitude.Whatourstudysuggestsisthatteenagerslearnmorequicklyandmoreeffectivelywhentheirpeersarepresentthanwhenthey\'reontheirown，"Steinbergsays.Andthisfindingcouldhaveimportantimplicationsforhowwethinkabouteducatingadolescents.[H]MatthewD.Lieberman,asocialcognitiveneuroscientistattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,andauthorofthe2013bookSocial:WhyOurBrainsAreWiredtoConnect，suspectsthatthehumanbrainisespeciallyskillfulatlearningsociallysignificantinformation.Hepointstoaclassic2004studyinwhichpsychologistsatDartmouthCollegeandHarvardUniversityusedfunctionalMRItotrackbrainactivityin17youngmenastheylistenedtodescriptionsofpeoplewhileconcentratingoneithersociallyrelevantcues(forexample，tryingtoformanimpressionofapersonbasedonthedescription)ormoresociallyneutralinformation(suchasnotingtheorderofdetailsinthedescription).Thedescriptionswerethesameineachcondition,butpeoplecouldbetterrememberthesestatementswhengivenasocialmotivation.[I]Thestudyalsofoundthatwhensubjectsthoughtaboutandlaterrecalleddescriptionsintermsoftheirinformationalcontent,regionsassociatedwithfactualmemory,suchasthemedialtemporallobe,becameactive.Butthinkingaboutorrememberingdescriptionsintermsoftheirsocialmeaningactivatedthedorsomedialprefrontalcortex—partofthebrain\'ssocialnetwork—evenastraditionalmemoryregionsregisteredlowlevelsofactivity.Morerecently,ashereportedina2012review,Liebermanhasdiscoveredthatthisregionmaybepartofadistinctnetworkinvolvedinsociallymotivatedlearningandmemory.Suchfindings,hesays,suggestthat"thisnetworkcanbecalledontoprocessandstorethekindofinformationtaughtinschool—potentiallygivingstudentsaccesstoa第37页共43页2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）rangeofuntappedmentalpowers".[J]Ifhumansaregenerallygearedtorecalldetailsaboutoneanother,thispatternisprobablyevenmorepowerfulamongteenagerswhoareveryattentivetosocialdetails:whoisin,whoisout,wholikeswhom,whoismadatwhom.Theirdesireforsocialdramaisnot—ornotonly—awayofdistractingthemselvesfromtheirschoolworkorofdrivingadultscrazy.Itisactuallyaneurological(神经的)sensitivity,initiatedbyhormonalchanges.Evolutionarilyspeaking,peopleinthisagegroupareatastageinwhichtheycanpreparetofindamateandstarttheirownfamilywhileseparatingfromparentsandstrikingoutontheirown.Todothissuccessfully,theirbrainpromptsthemtothinkandevenobsessaboutothers.[K]Yetourschoolsfocusprimarilyonstudentsasindividualentities.Whatwouldhappenifeducatorsinsteadtookadvantageofthefactthatteensarepowerfullycompelledtothinkinsocialterms?InSocial，Liebermanlaysoutanumberofwaystodoso.HistoryandEnglishcouldbepresentedthroughthelensofthepsychologicaldrivesofthepeopleinvolved.OnecouldthereforepresentNapoleonintermsofhisdesiretoimpressorChurchillintermsofhislonelygloom.Lessinherentlyinterpersonalsubjects,suchasmath,couldacquireasocialaspectthroughteamproblemsolvingandpeertutoring.Researchshowsthatwhenweabsorbinformationinordertoteachittosomeoneelse,welearnitmoreaccuratelyanddeeply,perhapsinpartbecauseweareengagingoursocialcognition.[L]Andalthoughanxiousparentsmaynotwelcomethenotion,educatorscouldturnadolescentrecklessnesstoacademicends."Risktakinginaneducationalcontextisavitalskillthat-enablesprogressandcreativity,"wroteSarah-JayneBlakemore,acognitiveneuroscientistatUniversityCollegeLondon,inareviewpublishedlastyear.Yet,shenoted,manyyoungpeopleareespeciallyunwillingtotakerisksatschool—afraidthatonelowtestscoreorpoorgradecouldcostthemaspotataselectiveuniversity.Weshouldassuresuchstudentsthatrisk,andevenpeerpressure,canbeagoodthing—aslongasithappensintheclassroomandnotinthecar.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。第38页共43页2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）36.Itisthoughtprobablethatthehumanbrainisparticularlygoodatpickingupsociallyimportantinformation.37.Itcanbeconcludedfromexperimentsthatthepresenceofpeersincreasesrisk-takingbyadolescentsandyouth.38.Studentsshouldbetoldthatrisk-takingintheclassroomcanbesomethingpositive.39.Theurgeoffindingamateandgettingmarriedaccountsforadolescents\'greaterattentiontosocialinteractions.40.AccordingtoSteinberg,thepresenceofpeersincreasesthespeedandeffectivenessofteenagers’learning.41.Teenagers\'parentsareoftenconcernedaboutnegativepeerinfluence.42.Activatingthebrain\'ssocialnetworkinvolvedinsociallymotivatedlearningandmemorymayallowstudentstotapunusedmentalpowers.43.Thepresenceofpeersintensifiesthefeelingofrewardsinteens\'brains.44.Whenweabsorbinformationforthepurposeofimpartingittoothers,wedosowithgreateraccuracyanddepth.45.Someexpertsaresuggestingthatweturnpeerinfluencetogooduseineducation.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheEbroDelta,inSpain,famousasabattlegroundduringtheSpanishCivilWar,isnowthesettingforadifferentcontest,onethatispittingricefarmersagainsttwoenemies：therice-eatinggiantapplesnail,andrisingsealevels.WhathappensherewillhaveabearingonthefutureofEuropeanriceproductionandtheoverallhealthofsouthernEuropeanwetlands.LocatedontheMediterraneanjusttwohourssouthofBarcelona,theEbroDeltaproduces120millionkilogramsofriceayear,makingitoneofthecontinent\'smostimportantrice-growingareas.As第39页共43页2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）seacreepsintothesefresh-watermarshes,however,risingsalinity(盐分）ishamperingriceproduction.Atthesametime,thissea-wateralsokillsoffthegreedygiantapplesnail,anintroducedpestthatfeedsonyoungriceplants.Themostpromisingstrategyhasbecometoharnessonefoeagainsttheother.Thebattleiscurrentlybeingwagedonland,ingreenhousesattheUniversityofBarcelona.Scientistsworkingunderthebanner"ProjectNeurice"areseekingvarietiesofricethatcanwithstandtheincreasingsalinitywithoutlosingtheabsorbencythatmakesEuropeanriceidealfortraditionalSpanishandItaliandishes.Theprojecthastwosides，"saysXavierSerrat，NeuriceprojectmanagerandresearcherattheUniversityofBarcelona,"theshort-termfightagainstthesnail,andamid-tolong-termfightagainstclimatechange.Butthesnailhasgiventheprojectgreaterurgency."OriginallyfromSouthAmerica,thesnailswereaccidentallyintroducedintotheEbroDeltabyGlobalAquaticTechnologies,acompanythatraisedthesnailsforfresh-wateraquariums(水族馆），butfailedtopreventtheirescape.Fornow,thegiantapplesnail\'spresenceinEuropeislimitedtotheEbroDelta.Butthesnailcontinuesitsmarchtonewterritory,saysSerrat."Thequestionisnotwhetheritwillreachotherrice-growingareasofEurope,butwhen."Overthenextyearandahalfinvestigatorswilltestthevariousstrainsofsalt-tolerantricethey’vebred.In2018,farmerswillplantthevarietieswiththemostpromiseintheEbroDeltaandEurope\'sothertwomainrice-growingregions—alongthePoinItaly,andFrance\'sRhone.Aseasoninthefieldwillhelpdeterminewhich,ifany,ofthevarietiesarereadyforcommercialization.AsanEU-fundedeffort,thesearchforsalt-tolerantvarietiesofriceistakingplaceinallthreecountries.EachteamiscrossbreedingalocalEuropeanshort-grainricewithalong-grainAsianvarietythatcarriesthesalt-resistantgene.Thescientistsarebreedingsuccessivegenerationstoarriveatvarietiesthatincorporatesalttolerancebutretainabout97percentoftheEuropeanricegenome(基因组）.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。46.WhydoestheauthormentiontheSpanishCivilWaratthebeginningofthepassage?A)IthadgreatimpactonthelifeofSpanishricefarmers.B)ItisofgreatsignificanceintherecordsofSpanishhistory.C)RicefarmersintheEbroDeltaarewagingabattleofsimilarimportance.D)RicefarmersintheEbroDeltaareexperiencingashardatimeasinthewar.第40页共43页2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）47whatmaybethemosteffectivestrategyforricefarmerstoemployinfightingtheirenemies?A)Strikingtheweakerenemyfirst.B)Killingtwobirdswithonestone.C)Eliminatingtheenemyonebyone.D)Usingoneeviltocombattheother.48.Whatdowelearnabout"ProjectNeurice"？A)Itsgoalswillhavetoberealizedatacost.B)ItaimstoincreasetheyieldofSpanishrice.C)Itsimmediatepriorityistobringthepestundercontrol.D)Ittriestokillthesnailswiththehelpofclimatechange.49.WhatdoesNeuriceprojectmanagersayaboutthegiantapplesnail?A)ItcansurviveonlyonsouthernEuropeanwetlands.B)Itwillinvadeotherrice-growingregionsofEurope.C)Itmultipliesataspeedbeyondhumanimagination.D)Itwasintroducedintothericefieldsonpurpose.50.WhatistheultimategoaloftheEU-fundedprogram?A)Cultivatingidealsalt-resistantricevarieties.B)IncreasingtheabsorbencyoftheSpanishrice.C)IntroducingSpanishricetotherestofEurope.D)Popularizingthericecrossbreedingtechnology.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Photographywasonceanexpensive,laboriousordealreservedforlife\'sgreatestmilestones.Now，theonlyapparentcosttotakinginfinitephotosofsomethingascommonasamealisthespaceonyourharddriveandyourdiningcompanion\'spatience.Butisthereanothercost,adeepercost,todocumentingalifeexperienceinsteadofsimplyenjoyingit?"Youhearthatyoushouldn\'ttakeallthesephotosandinterrupttheexperience,andit\'sbadforyou,第41页共43页2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）andwe\'renotlivinginthepresentmoment,"saysKristinDiehl,associateprofessorofmarketingattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniaMarshallSchoolofBusiness.Diehlandherfellowresearcherswantedtofindoutifthatwastrue,sotheyembarkedonaseriesofnineexperimentsinthelabandinthefieldtestingpeople\'senjoymentinthepresenceorabsenceofacamera.Theresults,publishedintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology,surprisedthem.Takingphotosactuallymakespeopleenjoywhatthey\'redoingmore,notless."Whatwefindisyouactuallylookattheworldslightlydifferently,becauseyou\'relookingforthingsyouwanttocapture,thatyoumaywanttohangonto，"Diehlexplains."Thatgetspeoplemoreengagedintheexperience,andtheytendtoenjoyitmore."Takesightseeing.Inoneexperiment,nearly200participantsboardedadouble-deckerbusforatourofPhiladelphia.Bothbustoursforbadetheuseofcellphonesbutonetourprovideddigitalcamerasandencouragedpeopletotakephotos.Thepeoplewhotookphotosenjoyedtheexperiencesignificantlymore,andsaidtheyweremoreengaged，thanthosewhodidn\'t.Snappingaphotodirectsattention,whichheightensthepleasureyougetfromwhateveryou\'relookingat,Diehlsays.Itworksforthingsasboringasarchaeological(考古的）museums,wherepeopleweregiveneye-trackingglassesandinstructedeithertotakephotosornot."Peoplelooklongeratthingstheywanttophotograph,"Diehlsays.Theyreportlikingtheexhibitsmore,too.TothereliefofInstagrammers(Instagram用户)everywhere,itcanevenmakemealsmoreenjoyable.Whenpeoplewereencouragedtotakeatleastthreephotoswhiletheyatelunch,theyweremoreimmersedintheirmealsthanthosewhoweren\'ttoldtotakephotos.Wasitthesatisfyingclickofthecamera?Thephysicalactofthesnap?No,theyfound:justtheactofplanningtotakeaphoto—andnotactuallytakingit—hadthesamejoy-boostingeffect."Ifyouwanttotakementalphotos,thatworksthesameway，\'\'Diehlsays."Thinkingaboutwhatyouwouldwanttophotographalsogetsyoumoreengaged."注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。51.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutphoto-takinginthepast?A)Itwasapainstakingeffortforrecordinglife’smajorevents.B)Itwasaluxurythatonlyafewwealthypeoplecouldenjoy.第42页共43页2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）C)Itwasagoodwaytopreserveone\'spreciousimages.D)Itwasaskillthatrequiredlotsofpracticetomaster.52.KnstinDiehlconductedaseriesofexperimentsonphoto-takingtofindout_______.A)whatkindofpleasureitwouldactuallybringtophoto-takersB)whetherpeopleenjoyeditwhentheydidsightseeingC)howitcouldhelptoenrichpeople\'slifeexperiencesD)whetheritpreventedpeopleenjoyingwhattheyweredoing53.WhatdotheresultsofDiehl\'sexperimentsshowaboutpeopletakingpictures?A)Theyaredistractedfromwhattheyaredoing.B)Theycanbetterrememberwhattheyseeordo.C)Theyaremoreabsorbedinwhatcatchestheireye.D)Theycanhaveabetterunderstandingoftheworld.54.Whatisfoundaboutmuseumvisitorswiththeaidofeye-trackingglasses?A)Theycomeoutwithbetterphotographsoftheexhibits.B)Theyfocusmoreontheexhibitswhentakingpictures.C)Theyhaveabetterviewofwhatareondisplay.D)Theyfollowthehistoricaleventsmoreeasily.55.Whatdowelearnfromthelastparagraph?A)Itisbettertomakeplansbeforetakingphotos.B)Mentalphotoscanbeasbeautifulassnapshots.C)Photographerscanderivegreatjoyfromtheclickofthecamera.D)Eventheverythoughtoftakingaphotocanhaveapositiveeffect.PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.自行车曾经是中国城乡最主要的交通工具，中国一度被称为"自行车王国"。如今，随着城市第43页共43页2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（三套全）交通拥堵和空气污染日益严重，骑自行车又开始流行起来。近来，中国企业家将移动互联网技术与传统自行车结合在一起。发明了一种称为共享单车（sharedbikes)的商业模式。共享单车的出现使骑车出行更加方便，人们仅需一部手机就可以随时使用共享单车。为了鼓励人们骑车出行，很多城市修建了自行车道。现在，越来越多的中国人也喜欢通过骑车健身。注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。快速对答案26272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950KMALFDIJEOHCLJGAIFKDCDCBA5152535455ADCBD',)