2017年12月大学英语六级考试真题含答案解析(三套全)

('.2017年12月英语六级考试真题及答案（第一套）“考试采取“多题多卷”模式，试题顺序不统一，请依据试题进行核对。”PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingonthesaying"Respectothers,andyouwillberespected."youcanciteexamplestoilustrateyourviews.youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200。PartIIListeningcomprehension(30miutes)SectionaDirections:inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversationsattheendofeachcomversationyouwillhearfourquestions.boththecomversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.afieryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkeda,b)candd).thenmarkthecorrespondingletteronanswerSheetiwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard1.a)theyrewardbusinessesthateliminatefoodwastb)theyprohibitthesaleoffoodsthathavegonestalec)theyfacilitatethedonationofunsoldfoodstotheneedyd)theyforbidbusinessestoproducemorefoodsthanneeded2.a)itimposedpenaltiesonbusinessesthatwastefoodb)itpassedalawaimingtostopoverproductionC)itvotedgainstfoodimportfromoutsideeurope1/57.d)itprohibitedthepromotionofbulkfoodsales.3.a)ithaswarmeditspeopleagainstpossiblefoodshortage.b)ithaspenalizedbusinessesthatkeepoverproducingfoodsc)ithasstartedanationwidecampaignagainstfoodwaste.d)ithasbannedsupermarketsfromdumpingediblefoods.4.a)theconfusionoverfoodexpirationlabels.b)thesurplusresultingfromoverproductionc)americans\'habitofbuyingfoodinbulkd)alackofregulationonfoodconsumptionQuestions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.a)ithasstartedaweek-longpromotioncampaign.b)ithasjustlauncheditsannualanniversarysalesc)itoffersregularweekendsalesalltheyearroundd)itspecializesinthesaleofladiesdesignerdresses6.a)pricereductionsforitsfrequentcustomers.b)couponsforcustomerswithbulkpurchases.c)freedeliveryofpurchasesforseniorcustomers.d)priceadjustmentswithinsevendaysofpurchase.7.a)mailagiftcardtoher.b)allowhertobuyoncredic)creditittoheraccountd)givehersomecoupons.2/57.8.a)refundingforgoodsreturnedb)freeinstallingofappliances.c)prolongedgoodswarranty.d)complimentarytailoringSectionbDirections:inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearIreeorfourquestions.boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonceAfteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkeda,b,candd).thenmarkthecorrespondingletteronanswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard9.a)theyarethin,tall,andunlikerealhumanbeings.b)theyhavemorethantwentydifferenthairtexturesc)theyhavetwenty-fourdifferentbodyshapesintotald)theyrepresentpeoplefromvirtuallyallwalksoflife.10.a)theydonotreflectyounggirlsaspirationsb)theyarenotsoldtogetherwiththeoriginalc)theirflatfeetdonotappealtoadolescentsd)theirbodyshapeshavenotchangedmuch11.a)intoystoresb)inshoppingmalls.c)ontheinternetd)atbarbieshopsQuestions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.3/57.12.a)moveablemetaltypebegantobeusedinprintingb)chineseprintingtechnologywasfirstintroducec)theearliestknownbookwaspublishedd)metaltypewasimportedfromkorea13.a)ithadmorethanahundredprintingpresses.b)itwasthebiggestprinterinthe16thcentury.c)ithelpedthegermanpeoplebecomeliterate.d)itproducedsome20millionvolumesintotal14.a)itpushedhandwrittenbooksoutofcirculation.b)itboostedthecirculationofpopularworks.c)itmadewritingaveryprofitablecareer.d)itprovidedreaderswithmorechoices.15.a)itacceleratedtheextinctionofthelatinlanguage.b)itstandardizedthepublicationofgrammarbooks.c)turnedtranslationintoawelcomeprofession.d)itpromotedthegrowthofnationallanguagesSectioncDirections:inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkeda,b,candd)Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteronanswersheet1withasinglelinethroughcentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.a)theygetboredafterworkingforaperiodoftime.4/57.b)theyspendanaverageofoneyearfindingajob.c)theybecomestuckinthesamejobfordecades.d)theychooseajobwithoutthinkingitthrough.17.a)seeiftherewillbechancesforpromotion.b)findoutwhatjobchoicesareavailable.c)watchafilmaboutwaysofjobhunting.d)decidewhichjobismostattractivetoyou.18.a)thequalificationsyouhave.b)thepayyouaregoingtoget.c)thecultureofyourtargetcompany.d)theworkenvironmentyouwillbein.19.a)itisasimportantaschristmasforafrican-americans.b)itisaculturalfestivalfoundedforafrican-americans.c)itisanancientfestivalcelebratedbyafrican-americans.d)itisareligiousfestivalcelebratedbyafrican-americans20.a)tourgeafrican-americanstodomoreforsociety.b)tocallonafrican-americanstoworshiptheirgodsc)tohelpafrican-americanstorealizetheirgoals.d)toremindafrican-americansoftheirsufferings.21.a)faithinself-determinationb)thefirstfruitsoftheharvestc)unityandcooperativeeconomics5/57.dcreativeworkandachievement.22.a)theyreciteaprincipleb)theytakeasolemnoathc)theydrinkwinefromtheunitycupd)theycallouttheirancestors\'names.Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard23.a)itisoneoftheworld\'smosthealthydiets.b)itcontainslargeamountsofdairyproducts.c)itbegantoimpacttheworldinrecentyears.d)itconsistsmainlyofvariouskindsofseafood.4.a)itinvolved13,000researchersfromasia,europeandamerica.b)itwasconductedinsevenmid-easterncountriesinthe1950sc)itisregardedasoneofthegreatestresearchesofitskind.d)ithasdrawntheattentionofmedicaldoctorstheworldover.25.a)theycaremuchabouttheirhealth.b)theyeatfoodswithlittlefat.c)theyuselittleoilincookingd)theyhavelowermortalityratesPartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbya6/57.letter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Inthepast12months,Nigeriahassufferedfromashrinkingeconomy,aslidingcurrency,andaprolongedfuelshortage.Now,Africa’slargestinfacingafoodcrisisasmajortomatofieldshavebeendestroyedbyaninsect,leadingtoanationwideshortageandescalatingprices.Theinsect,Tutaabsoluta,hasdestroyed80%offarmsinKaduna,Nigeria\'slargesttomatoproducingstate,leadingthegovernmenttheretodeclareastateof26.Theinsect,alsoknownasthetomatoleafminer,devastatescropsby27onfruitsanddiggingintoandmovingthroughstalks.It28incrediblyquickly,breedingupto12generationsperyearifconditionsarefavorable.itisbelievedtohave29inSouthAmericaintheearly1900s,andlaterspreadtoEuropebeforecrossingovertosub-SaharanAfrica.InNigeria,wheretomatoesareastapleoflocaldiets,theinsect\'seffectsaredevastating.Retailpricesfora30oftomatoesatlocalmarketshaverisenfrom$0.50to$2.50.Farmersarereportingsteeplossesandanew$20milliontomato-pastefactoryhas31productionduetotheshortages.Giventhemoth\'sabilityalsotoattackcropslikepepperandpotatoes,AuduOgbeh,Nigeria\'sministerofagriculture,haswarnedthatthepestmay"createseriousproblemsforfood32"inthecountry.Ogbehsaysexpertsareinvestigatinghowtocontrolthepest’sdamageandpreventitsspread,whichhasgonelargely33untilnow.Despitebeingthecontinent\'ssecond-largestproduceroftomatoes,Nigeriais34on$1billionworthoftomato-pasteimportseveryyear.asaround75%ofthelocalharvestgoestowastethankstoalackofproperstoragefacilities.Afurther35inlocalsuppliesisyetanotherunwelcomesetbacktotheindustry.A)dependentI）originatedB)EmbarkingJ)reductionC)emergencK)reproducesD)feedingL）securityE)grazesM）terror7/57.F)haltedN)uncheckedG)handfulO）uncheckedH)multitudeSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.who\'sreallyaddictingyoutoTechnology?A."Nearlyeveryoneiknowisaddictedinsomemeasuretotheinternet,"wrotetonySchwartzinTheNewYorkTimes.it\'sacommoncomplaintthesedays.Asteadystreamofsimilarheadlinesaccusethenetanditsoffspringapps,socialmediasitesandonlinegamesofaddictingustodistractionB.There\'slittledoubtthatnearlyeveryonewhocomesincontactwiththenethasdifficultyconcentrationthanittakestopostastatusupdate.asonepersonironicallyputitinthecommentssectionofSchwartz\'sonlinearticle,"AsIwasreadingthisveryexcellentarticle.Istoppedatleasthalfadozentimestocheekmyemail.C.There\'ssomethingdifferentaboutthistechnology:itisbothinvasiveandpersuasive.butwho\'satfaultforitsoveruse？Tofindsolutions,it\'simportanttounderstandwhatwe’redealingwith.Therearefourpartiesconspiringtokeepyouconnectedthetech,yourboss,yourfriendsandyou.D.Thetechnologiesthemselvesandtheirmakers,aretheeasiestsuspectstoblameforourdiminishingattentionspans.NicholasCarr,authorofTheShallows：whattheinternetisdoingOurbrains,wrote,Thenetisdesignedtobeaninterruptionsystem,amachinegearedtodividingattention.E.OnlineserviceslikeFacebook,twitterandthelike,arecalledoutofmanipula-tion--making，productssogoodthatpeoplecan\'tstopusingthem.afterstudyingtheseproductsforseveralyears,Iwroteabookabouthowtheydoit.Ilearneditallstartswiththebusinessmodel.sincetheseservicesrelyonadvertisingrevenue,Themorefrequentlyyouusemoneythey8/57.make.It’snowinderthesecompaniesemployteamsofpeoplefocusedonengineeringtheirservicestobeasengagingaspossible.theseproductsaren\'thabit-formingbychance;it\'sbydesign.theyhaveanincentivetokeepushooked.F.However,asgoodastheseservicesare,therearesimplestepswecantaketokeepthematbay.Forexample,wecanchangehowoftenwereceivethedistractingnotificationsthattriggeroururgetocheck.Accordingtoadammarchick,ceoofmobilemarketingcompanykahuna,lessthan15percentofsmartphoneuserseverbothertoadjusttheirnotificationsetlings--meaningtheremaining85percentofusdefaulttotheappmakers\'everypresettrigger.GoogleandApplehavemadeitfartoodifficulttoadjustthesesettingssoit\'suptoustotakestepsensurewesetthesetriggerstosuitourownneeds,nottheneedsoftheappmakers.G.WhilecompanieslikeFacebookharvestattentiontogeneraterevenuefromadvertisers,othertechnologieshavenosuchagenda.takeemail,forexample.thissystemcouldn\'tcarelesshowoftenyouuseit.Yettomany,emailisthemosthabit-formingmediumofall.Wecheckemailatallhoursoftheday--we\'reobsessed,butwhy?Becausethat\'swhatthebosswants.Foralmostallwhite-collarjobs,AslowResponsetoamessagecouldhurtnotonlyyourreputationbutalsoyourlivelihood.H.Yourfriendsarealsoresponsible.Thinkaboutthisfamiliarscene.Peoplegatheredaroundatable,enjoyingfoodandeachotherscompany.there\'slaughterandabitofkidding.Then,duringanintervalintheconversation,someonetakesouttheirphonetocheckwhoknowswhat.Barelyanyonenoticesandnoonesaysathing.I.Nowimaginethesamedinner,butinsteadofcheckingtheirphone,thepersonbelches(打嗝）-loudly.Everyonenotices.unlessthemealtakesplaceinabeerhouse,thisisconsideredbadmanners.Theimpoliteactviolatesthebasicrulesofetiquette.onehastowonderwhydon’tweapplythesamesocialnormstocheckingphonesduringmeals,meetingsandconversationsaswedotootherantisocialbehaviorssomehow,weacceptitandsaynothingwhensomeoneoffends.J.Therealityistakingone\'sphoneoutatthewrongtimeisworsethanbelchingbecause,unlikeotherminoroffense,checkingtechiscontagious.onceonepersonlooksattheirphone,otherpeoplefeelcompelledtodothesame,startingachainreaction.themorepeopleareontheirphones,thefewerpeoplearetalkinguntilfinallyyouaretheonlyoneleftnotreadingemailorcheckingtwitter.fromasocietalperspective,phonecheckingislesslikebelchinginpublicandmorelikeanotherbadhabit.ourphonesarelikecigarettes-somethingtodowhenwereboredorwhenourfingersneedsomethingtotoywithseeingothersenjoyasmoke,orsneakaquickglance,istootemptingtoresistandsooneveryoneisdoingit.9/57.K.Thetechnology,yourboss,andyourfriends,allinfluencehowoftenyoufindyourselfusing(oroverusing)thesegadgets.butthere\'sstillsomeonewhodeservesscrutiny--thepersonholdingthephone.L.Ihaveaconfession.eventhoughistudyhabit-formingtechnologyforaliving,disconnectingisnoteasyforme.I\'monlinefarmorethanI\'dlikelikeSchwartzandsomanyothers,Ioftenfindmyselfdistractedandofftack.Iwantedtoknowwhysoibeganself-monitoringtotrytounderstandmybehavior.that\'swhenidiscoveredanuncomfortabletruth.iusetechnologyasanescape.whenI\'mdoingsomethingI\'drathernotdo,orwhenI\'msomeplaceI\'drathernotattentionwasoftenagoodthing,likewhenpassingtimeonpublictransportation,butfrequentlymytechusewasnotsobenign.whenifaceddifficultwork,likethinkingthroughanarticleideaoreditingthesamedraftforthehundredthtime,forexample,amoresinisterscreenwoulddrawmein.icouldeasilyescapediscomfort.temporarlly.byansweringemailorbrowsingingthewebunderthepretenseofso-called"research."thoughIdesperatelywantedtolayblameelsewhere,ifinallyhadtoadmitthatmybadhabitshadlesstodowithnew-age.technologyandmoretodowithold-fashionedprocrastination(拖延）M.it\'seasytoblametechnologyforbeingsodistracting,butdistractionisnothingnew.AristotleandSocratesdehatednatureof“akrasia”--ourtendencytodothingsagninstourinterests.Ifwe\'rehonestwithourselves,techisjustanotherwaytooccupyourtimeandminds,ifweweren’tonourdevices.We’dlikelydosimilarlyunproductive.N.personaltechnologyisindeedmoreengagingthanever,andthere\'snodoubtcompaniesareengineeringtheirproductsandservicestobemorecompellingandattractivebutwouldwantitanyotherwaytheintendedresultofmakingsomethingbetteristhatpeopleuseitmore.that\'snotnecessarilyaproblem,that\'sprogress.O.Theseimprovementsdon\'tmeanweshouldn\'tattempttocontrolouruseoftechnology.Inordertomakesureitdoesn\'tcontrolus,weshouldcometotermswiththefactthatit\'smorethanthetechnologyitselfthat’sresponsibleforourhabits.ourworkplaceculture,socialnornsandindividualbehaviorsallplayaparttoputtechnologyinitsplace,wemustbeconsciousnotonlyofhowtechnologyischanging,butalsoofhowitischangingus.36.Onlineservicesaresodesignedthatthemoretheyareused,themoreprofittheygenerate.37.Theauthoradmitsusingtechnologyasanescapefromthetaskathand.38.Checkingphonesatdinnersisnowacceptedasnormalbutnotbelching10/57.39.Tomakeproperuseoftechnology,weshouldnotonlyincreaseourawarenessofhowitischangingbutalsohowitisimpactingus.40.Mostofusfindithardtofocusonourimmediatetasksbecauseofinternetdistractions41.whenonepersonstartscheckingtheirphone,theotherswillfollowsuit.42.Thegreatmajorityofsmartphoneusersdon\'ttakethetroubletoadjusttheirsettingstosuittheirownpurposes.43.Theinternetisregardedbysomeasdesignedtodistractourattention.44.Theauthorattributeshistechaddictionchieflytohishabitofputtingoffdoingwhatheshould45.White-collarworkerscheckemailroundtheclockbecauseitisrequiredbytheiremployersSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.who\'sreallyaddictingyoutoTechnology?A."Nearlyeveryoneiknowisaddictedinsomemeasuretotheinternet,"wrotetonySchwartzinTheNewYorkTimes.it\'sacommoncomplaintthesedays.Asteadystreamofsimilarheadlinesaccusethenetanditsoffspringapps,socialmediasitesandonlinegamesofaddictingustodistractionB.There\'slittledoubtthatnearlyeveryonewhocomesincontactwiththenethasdifficultyconcentrationthanittakestopostastatusupdate.asonepersonironicallyputitinthecommentssectionofSchwartz\'sonlinearticle,"AsIwasreadingthisveryexcellentarticle.Istoppedatleasthalfadozentimestocheekmyemail.C.There\'ssomethingdifferentaboutthistechnology:itisbothinvasiveandpersuasive.butwho\'satfaultforitsoveruse？Tofindsolutions,it\'simportanttounderstandwhatwe’redealingwith.Therearefourpartiesconspiringtokeepyouconnectedthetech,yourboss,yourfriendsandyou.11/57.D.Thetechnologiesthemselvesandtheirmakers,aretheeasiestsuspectstoblameforourdiminishingattentionspans.NicholasCarr,authorofTheShallows：whattheinternetisdoingOurbrains,wrote,Thenetisdesignedtobeaninterruptionsystem,amachinegearedtodividingattention.E.OnlineserviceslikeFacebook,twitterandthelike,arecalledoutofmanipula-tion--making，productssogoodthatpeoplecan\'tstopusingthem.afterstudyingtheseproductsforseveralyears,Iwroteabookabouthowtheydoit.Ilearneditallstartswiththebusinessmodel.sincetheseservicesrelyonadvertisingrevenue,Themorefrequentlyyouusemoneytheymake.It’snowinderthesecompaniesemployteamsofpeoplefocusedonengineeringtheirservicestobeasengagingaspossible.theseproductsaren\'thabit-formingbychance;it\'sbydesign.theyhaveanincentivetokeepushooked.F.However,asgoodastheseservicesare,therearesimplestepswecantaketokeepthematbay.Forexample,wecanchangehowoftenwereceivethedistractingnotificationsthattriggeroururgetocheck.Accordingtoadammarchick,ceoofmobilemarketingcompanykahuna,lessthan15percentofsmartphoneuserseverbothertoadjusttheirnotificationsetlings--meaningtheremaining85percentofusdefaulttotheappmakers\'everypresettrigger.GoogleandApplehavemadeitfartoodifficulttoadjustthesesettingssoit\'suptoustotakestepsensurewesetthesetriggerstosuitourownneeds,nottheneedsoftheappmakers.G.WhilecompanieslikeFacebookharvestattentiontogeneraterevenuefromadvertisers,othertechnologieshavenosuchagenda.takeemail,forexample.thissystemcouldn\'tcarelesshowoftenyouuseit.Yettomany,emailisthemosthabit-formingmediumofall.Wecheckemailatallhoursoftheday--we\'reobsessed,butwhy?Becausethat\'swhatthebosswants.Foralmostallwhite-collarjobs,AslowResponsetoamessagecouldhurtnotonlyyourreputationbutalsoyourlivelihood.H.Yourfriendsarealsoresponsible.Thinkaboutthisfamiliarscene.Peoplegatheredaroundatable,enjoyingfoodandeachotherscompany.there\'slaughterandabitofkidding.Then,duringanintervalintheconversation,someonetakesouttheirphonetocheckwhoknowswhat.Barelyanyonenoticesandnoonesaysathing.I.Nowimaginethesamedinner,butinsteadofcheckingtheirphone,thepersonbelches(打嗝）-loudly.Everyonenotices.unlessthemealtakesplaceinabeerhouse,thisisconsideredbadmanners.Theimpoliteactviolatesthebasicrulesofetiquette.onehastowonderwhydon’tweapplythesamesocialnormstocheckingphonesduringmeals,meetingsandconversationsaswedotootherantisocialbehaviorssomehow,weacceptitandsaynothingwhensomeoneoffends.12/57.J.Therealityistakingone\'sphoneoutatthewrongtimeisworsethanbelchingbecause,unlikeotherminoroffense,checkingtechiscontagious.onceonepersonlooksattheirphone,otherpeoplefeelcompelledtodothesame,startingachainreaction.themorepeopleareontheirphones,thefewerpeoplearetalkinguntilfinallyyouaretheonlyoneleftnotreadingemailorcheckingtwitter.fromasocietalperspective,phonecheckingislesslikebelchinginpublicandmorelikeanotherbadhabit.ourphonesarelikecigarettes-somethingtodowhenwereboredorwhenourfingersneedsomethingtotoywithseeingothersenjoyasmoke,orsneakaquickglance,istootemptingtoresistandsooneveryoneisdoingit.K.Thetechnology,yourboss,andyourfriends,allinfluencehowoftenyoufindyourselfusing(oroverusing)thesegadgets.butthere\'sstillsomeonewhodeservesscrutiny--thepersonholdingthephone.L.Ihaveaconfession.eventhoughistudyhabit-formingtechnologyforaliving,disconnectingisnoteasyforme.I\'monlinefarmorethanI\'dlikelikeSchwartzandsomanyothers,Ioftenfindmyselfdistractedandofftack.Iwantedtoknowwhysoibeganself-monitoringtotrytounderstandmybehavior.that\'swhenidiscoveredanuncomfortabletruth.iusetechnologyasanescape.whenI\'mdoingsomethingI\'drathernotdo,orwhenI\'msomeplaceI\'drathernotattentionwasoftenagoodthing,likewhenpassingtimeonpublictransportation,butfrequentlymytechusewasnotsobenign.whenifaceddifficultwork,likethinkingthroughanarticleideaoreditingthesamedraftforthehundredthtime,forexample,amoresinisterscreenwoulddrawmein.icouldeasilyescapediscomfort.temporarlly.byansweringemailorbrowsingingthewebunderthepretenseofso-called"research."thoughIdesperatelywantedtolayblameelsewhere,ifinallyhadtoadmitthatmybadhabitshadlesstodowithnew-age.technologyandmoretodowithold-fashionedprocrastination(拖延）M.it\'seasytoblametechnologyforbeingsodistracting,butdistractionisnothingnew.AristotleandSocratesdehatednatureof“akrasia”--ourtendencytodothingsagninstourinterests.Ifwe\'rehonestwithourselves,techisjustanotherwaytooccupyourtimeandminds,ifweweren’tonourdevices.We’dlikelydosimilarlyunproductive.N.personaltechnologyisindeedmoreengagingthanever,andthere\'snodoubtcompaniesareengineeringtheirproductsandservicestobemorecompellingandattractivebutwouldwantitanyotherwaytheintendedresultofmakingsomethingbetteristhatpeopleuseitmore.that\'snotnecessarilyaproblem,that\'sprogress.O.Theseimprovementsdon\'tmeanweshouldn\'tattempttocontrolouruseoftechnology.Inordertomakesureitdoesn\'tcontrolus,weshouldcometotermswiththefactthatit\'smorethanthetechnologyitselfthat’sresponsibleforourhabits.ourworkplaceculture,socialnornsand13/57.individualbehaviorsallplayaparttoputtechnologyinitsplace,wemustbeconsciousnotonlyofhowtechnologyischanging,butalsoofhowitischangingus.36.Onlineservicesaresodesignedthatthemoretheyareused,themoreprofittheygenerate.37.Theauthoradmitsusingtechnologyasanescapefromthetaskathand.38.Checkingphonesatdinnersisnowacceptedasnormalbutnotbelching39.Tomakeproperuseoftechnology,weshouldnotonlyincreaseourawarenessofhowitischangingbutalsohowitisimpactingus.40.Mostofusfindithardtofocusonourimmediatetasksbecauseofinternetdistractions41.whenonepersonstartscheckingtheirphone,theotherswillfollowsuit.42.Thegreatmajorityofsmartphoneusersdon\'ttakethetroubletoadjusttheirsettingstosuittheirownpurposes.43.Theinternetisregardedbysomeasdesignedtodistractourattention.44.Theauthorattributeshistechaddictionchieflytohishabitofputtingoffdoingwhatheshould45.White-collarworkerscheckemailroundtheclockbecauseitisrequiredbytheiremployersPartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromchineseintoEnglish.youshouldwriteyouransweronanswersheet2.太湖是中国东部的一个淡水湖,占地面积2250平方公里,是中国第三大淡水湖,仅次于鄱阳和洞庭。太湖约有90个岛屿,大小从几平方米到几平方公里不等。太湖以其独特的“太湖石”而闻名,太湖石常用于装饰中国传统园林。太湖也以高产的捕鱼业闻名。自上世纪70年代后期以来,捕捞鱼蟹对沿湖的居民来说极为重要,并对周边地区的经济作出了重大贡献。太湖地区是中国陶瓷(ceramics)业基地之一,其中宜兴的陶瓷厂家生产举世闻名的宜兴紫砂壶(clayteapot,)14/57.2017年12月英语六级考试真题及答案（第二套）PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingonthesaying"Seektounderstandothers,andyouwillbeunderstood"youcanciteexamplestoilustrateyourviews.youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200。PartIIListeningcomprehension(30miutes)Sectiona15/57.Directions:inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversationsattheendofeachcomversationyouwillhearfourquestions.boththecomversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.afieryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkeda,b)candd).thenmarkthecorrespondingletteronanswerSheetiwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard1.a)theyrewardbusinessesthateliminatefoodwastb)theyprohibitthesaleoffoodsthathavegonestalec)theyfacilitatethedonationofunsoldfoodstotheneedyd)theyforbidbusinessestoproducemorefoodsthanneeded2.a)itimposedpenaltiesonbusinessesthatwastefoodb)itpassedalawaimingtostopoverproductionC)itvotedgainstfoodimportfromoutsideeuroped)itprohibitedthepromotionofbulkfoodsales.3.a)ithaswarmeditspeopleagainstpossiblefoodshortage.b)ithaspenalizedbusinessesthatkeepoverproducingfoodsc)ithasstartedanationwidecampaignagainstfoodwaste.d)ithasbannedsupermarketsfromdumpingediblefoods.4.a)theconfusionoverfoodexpirationlabels.b)thesurplusresultingfromoverproductionc)americans\'habitofbuyingfoodinbulkd)alackofregulationonfoodconsumptionQuestions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.a)ithasstartedaweek-longpromotioncampaign.16/57.b)ithasjustlauncheditsannualanniversarysalesc)itoffersregularweekendsalesalltheyearroundd)itspecializesinthesaleofladiesdesignerdresses6.a)pricereductionsforitsfrequentcustomers.b)couponsforcustomerswithbulkpurchases.c)freedeliveryofpurchasesforseniorcustomers.d)priceadjustmentswithinsevendaysofpurchase.7.a)mailagiftcardtoher.b)allowhertobuyoncredic)creditittoheraccountd)givehersomecoupons.8.a)refundingforgoodsreturnedb)freeinstallingofappliances.c)prolongedgoodswarranty.d)complimentarytailoringSectionbDirections:inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearIreeorfourquestions.boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonceAfteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkeda,b,candd).thenmarkthecorrespondingletteronanswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard9.a)theyarethin,tall,andunlikerealhumanbeings.b)theyhavemorethantwentydifferenthairtextures17/57.c)theyhavetwenty-fourdifferentbodyshapesintotald)theyrepresentpeoplefromvirtuallyallwalksoflife.10.a)theydonotreflectyounggirlsaspirationsb)theyarenotsoldtogetherwiththeoriginalc)theirflatfeetdonotappealtoadolescentsd)theirbodyshapeshavenotchangedmuch11.a)intoystoresb)inshoppingmalls.c)ontheinternetd)atbarbieshopsQuestions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.12.a)moveablemetaltypebegantobeusedinprintingb)chineseprintingtechnologywasfirstintroducec)theearliestknownbookwaspublishedd)metaltypewasimportedfromkorea13.a)ithadmorethanahundredprintingpresses.b)itwasthebiggestprinterinthe16thcentury.c)ithelpedthegermanpeoplebecomeliterate.d)itproducedsome20millionvolumesintotal14.a)itpushedhandwrittenbooksoutofcirculation.b)itboostedthecirculationofpopularworks.c)itmadewritingaveryprofitablecareer.18/57.d)itprovidedreaderswithmorechoices.15.a)itacceleratedtheextinctionofthelatinlanguage.b)itstandardizedthepublicationofgrammarbooks.c)turnedtranslationintoawelcomeprofession.d)itpromotedthegrowthofnationallanguagesSectioncDirections:inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkeda,b,candd)Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteronanswersheet1withasinglelinethroughcentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.a)theygetboredafterworkingforaperiodoftime.b)theyspendanaverageofoneyearfindingajob.c)theybecomestuckinthesamejobfordecades.d)theychooseajobwithoutthinkingitthrough.17.a)seeiftherewillbechancesforpromotion.b)findoutwhatjobchoicesareavailable.c)watchafilmaboutwaysofjobhunting.d)decidewhichjobismostattractivetoyou.18.a)thequalificationsyouhave.b)thepayyouaregoingtoget.c)thecultureofyourtargetcompany.d)theworkenvironmentyouwillbein.19/57.19.a)itisasimportantaschristmasforafrican-americans.b)itisaculturalfestivalfoundedforafrican-americans.c)itisanancientfestivalcelebratedbyafrican-americans.d)itisareligiousfestivalcelebratedbyafrican-americans20.a)tourgeafrican-americanstodomoreforsociety.b)tocallonafrican-americanstoworshiptheirgodsc)tohelpafrican-americanstorealizetheirgoals.d)toremindafrican-americansoftheirsufferings.21.a)faithinself-determinationb)thefirstfruitsoftheharvestc)unityandcooperativeeconomicsdcreativeworkandachievement.22.a)theyreciteaprincipleb)theytakeasolemnoathc)theydrinkwinefromtheunitycupd)theycallouttheirancestors\'names.Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard23.a)itisoneoftheworld\'smosthealthydiets.b)itcontainslargeamountsofdairyproducts.c)itbegantoimpacttheworldinrecentyears.d)itconsistsmainlyofvariouskindsofseafood.4.a)itinvolved13,000researchersfromasia,europeandamerica.20/57.b)itwasconductedinsevenmid-easterncountriesinthe1950sc)itisregardedasoneofthegreatestresearchesofitskind.d)ithasdrawntheattentionofmedicaldoctorstheworldover.25.a)theycaremuchabouttheirhealth.b)theyeatfoodswithlittlefat.c)theyuselittleoilincookingd)theyhavelowermortalityratesPartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Thepacificislandnationofpalauhasbecomehometothesixthlargestmarineworld.thenewmarinereserve,nowthelargestinthepacific,will--26--nofishingormining.Palaualsoestablishedtheworld,firstsharksanctuaryin2009.Thetinyislandnationhassetaside500,000squarekilometres-80percent-ofitsmaritime--27--,forfullprotection,that\'sthehighestpercentageofan--28--economiczonedevotedtoremaining20percentofthepalauseaswillbereservedforlocalfishingbyindividualsandsmall-scale--29--fishingbusinesseswithlimitedexports."island--30--havebeenamongthehardesthitbythethreatsfacingtheocean,"saidpresident.Tommyremengesaujrinastatement."creatingthissanctuaryisaboldmovethatthepeopleofpalaurecogniseas31tooursurvival.wewanttoleadthewayinrestoringthehealthoftheoccanforfuturegenerationPalauhasonlybeenan_32nationfortwentyyearsandhasastronghistoryofenvironmentalprotection.itishometooneoftheworld\'sfinestmarineecosystems,withmorethan1,300speciesoffishand700speciesofcoral.21/57.Senatorhokkonsbauleslead33ofthepalaunationalmarinesanctuaryact,saidthesanctuarywillhelpbuilda-34futureforthepalauanpeoplebyhonoringtheconservationtraditionsofourpast".theseincludethecenturies-oldcustomof"",whereleaderswouldcallatemporarystoptofishingforkeyspeciesinordertogivefish35anopportunitytoreplenish(补充).a)allocateb)celebritiesc)commerciald)communitiese）essentialf）exclusiveg)independenth)indulgei)permitj)securek)solitaryL)spectaclem)sponsorn)stockso)temitoryDatasharing:anopenmindonopendate[A]Itisamovementbuildingsteadymomentum:acalltomakeresearchdata,softwarecodeandexperimentalmethodspubliclyavailableandtransparent.aspiritofopennessisgainingacceptanceinthesciencecommunity,andistheonlyway,sayadvocates,toaddressa\'crisis\'inciencewherebytoofewfindingsaresuccessfullyreproduced.furthermore,theysay,itisthe22/57.bestwayforresearcherstogathertherangeofobservationsthatarenecessarytospeedupdiscoveriesortoidentifylarge-scaletrends.[B]theopen-datashiftposesaconfusingproblemforjuniorresearchers.ontheonehand,thedrivetoshareisgatheringofficialsteam.since2013,globalscientificbodieshavebeguntobackpoliticsthatsupportincreasedpublicaccesstoreseach.ontheotherhand,scientistsdisagreeabouthowmuchandwhentheyshouldsharedate,andtheydebatewhethersharingitismorelikelytoacceleratescienceandmakeitmorerobust,ortointroducevulnerabilitiesandproblems.asmorejournalsandmakeitmorerobust,ortointroducevulnerabilitiesandproblems.asmorejournalandfundersadoptdata-sharingrequirements,andasagrowingnumberofenthusiastscallformoreopenness,juniorresearchersmustfindtheirplacebetweenadoptersandthosewhocontinuetoholdout,evenastheystrivetolaunchtheirowncareers.[C]onekeychallengefacingyoungscientistsishowtobeopenwithoutbecomingscientificallyvulnerable.theymustdeterminetheriskofjeopardizingajobofferoracollaborationprosalfromthosewhoarewaryof-orunfamiliarwith-openscience.andtheymustlearnHowtocapitalizeonthemovement\'sbenefitssuchasopportunitiesformorecitationsandawaytobuildareputationwithouttheneedforconventionalmetrics,suchaspublicationinhigh-impactjournals.[D]somefieldshaveembracedopendatamorethanothers.researchersinpsychology,afieldrockedbyfindingsofirreproducibilityinthepastfewyears,havebeenespeciallyvocalsup-portersofthedriveformore-openscience.Afewpsychologyjournalshavecreatedincentivestoincreaseinterestinreparopenscience.afewpsychologyjournalshavecreatedincentivesportersofthedriveformeluciblescience-forexample,byaffixingan",badgetoarticlesthatclearlystatewheredataareavailable.accordingtosocialpsychologistbriannoseexecutivedirectorofthecenterforopenscience,theaveragedata-sharingrateforthejournalPsychologicalscience,whichusesthebadges,increasedtenfoldto38%from2013to2015.[E]funders,too,areincreasinglyadoptinganopen-datapolicy.severalstronglyergement,andsomerequire,adate-managementplanthatmakesdataavailable.Theusnationalsciencefoundationisamongthese,somephilanthropic(慈善的)funders,includingthebillGatesfoundationinseattle,washington,andthewellcometrustinlondon,alopendatafromtheirgrantrecipients.[F]butmanyyoungresearchers,especiallythosewhohavenotbeenmentoredinopenscience.areuncertainaboutwhethertoshareortostayprivate.Graduatestudentsandpostdoes,whooftenareworkingontheirlabhead\'sgrantmayhavenochoiceiftheirsupervisororanothersenioropposessharing.23/57.[G]somefearthatthepotentialimpactofsharingistoohigh,especiallyattheearlystagesofacareer."Everybodyhasascarystoryaboutsomeonegettingscooped(被抢先),”saysnewYorkuniversityastronomerdavidhogg.thosefearsmaybeafactorinalingeringhesitationtosharedataevenwhenpublishinginjournalsthatmandateit.[H]researchersatsmalllabsoratinstitutionsfocusedonteachingarguablyhavethemosttolosewhensharinghard-wondata.""withmyinstitutionandteachingload,idon\'thavepostdocsandgradstudents",saysterrymcglynn,atropicalbiologistatcaliforniastateuniversity,Dominguezhills."thestakesarehighertosharedatabecauseit\'sabiggerfractionofhatshappeninginmylab.[I]researchersalsopointtothetimesinkthatisinvolvedinpreparingdataforotherstoview.Oncethedataandassociatedmaterialsappearinarepository(存储库),answeringquestionsandhandlingcomplaintscantakemanyhours.[J]thetimeinvestmentcanpresentotherproblems.insomecases,saysdatascientistkarthikRam,itmaybedifficultforjuniorresearcherstoembraceopennesswhenseniorcolleaguesmanyofwhomheadselectionandpromotionteeshtridiculewhattheymayviewasmisplacedenergies."i\'veheardthisrecently-thatembracingtheideaofopendatadcodemakestraditionalacademicsuncomfortable,"saysram."theconcemseemstobethatopenadvocatesdon\'tspendtheirtimebeingasproductiveaspossible."[K]anopen-sciencestancecanalsoaddcomplexitytoacollaboration.kateratliff,whostudiessocialattitudesattheuniversityofflorida,gainesville,saysthatitcanseemasiftherearetwocampsinafield-thosewhocareaboutopenscienceandthosewhodon\'t."thereanewareatonavigate-\'areyoucoolwiththefactthati\'llwanttomakethedataopen?\'-whentalkingwithsomebodyaboutaninterestingresearchidea,"shesays.[L]despitecomplicationsandconcerns,theupsidesofsharingcanbesignificant.forexample,wheninformationisuploadedtoarepository,adigitalobjectidentifier(DOI)isassigned.ScientistscanuseaDOTtopublisheachstepoftheresearchlifecycle,notjustthefinalpaper.Insodoing,theycanpotentiallygetthreecitations-oneeachforthedataandsoftware.inadditiontothepaperitself.andalthoughsomesaythatcitationsforsoftwareordatahavelittlecurrencyinacademia,theycanhaveotherbenefits.[M]manyadvocatesthinkthattransparentdataprocedureswithadateandtimestampwillprotectscientistsfrombeingscooped."thisisthesweetspotbetweensharingandgettingcreditforit.whilediscouragingplagiarism(剽窃)."saysivogrigorov,aprojectcoordinatoratthenaionalinstituteofaquaticresot24/57.Researchsecreta-incharlottenlund,denmark.hoggsaysthatscoopingislessofaproblemthanmanythink."thetwocasesi\'mfamiliarwithdidn\'tinvolveopendataorcode,"hesays.[N]Opensciencealsooffersjuniorresearchersthechancetolevelthepalyingfieldbygainingbetteraccesstocrucialdate.rossmounce,apostdocstudyingevolutionarybiologyattheuniversityofcambrige,UK,isavocalchampionofopenscience,partlybecausehisfossilothers\'data.hesaysthatmoreopennessinsciencecouldhelptodiscouragewhatsomeperceiveasacommompracticeofshuttingoutearly-careerscientists\'requestsfordata.[O]communicationalsohelpsforthosewhoworryaboutjeopardizingacollaboration,hesays,Concemsaboutopenshouldbediscussedattheoutsetofastudy."wheneveryoustartaprojectwithsomeone,youhavetoestablishaclearunderstandingofexpectationsforwhoownsthedata,atwhatpointtheygopublicandwhocandowhatwiththem,hesays.[p]intheend,sharingdata,softwareandmaterialswithcolleaguescanhelpanearly-careerresearchertogainrecognition--acrucialcomponentofsuccess."thethingyouaresearchingforreputation"saystitusbrown,agenomics(基因组学)researcherattheuniversityofCalifomia,davis,."togetgrantsandjobsyouhavetoberelevantandachievesomelevelofpublicrecognition.anythingyoudothatadvancesyourpresence-especiallyinalargerphere,outsidethecommunitiesyouknow-isanetwin."36.astronomerdavidhoggdoesn\'tthinkscoopingisasseriousaproblemasgenerallythought.37.someresearchersarehesitanttomaketheirdatapublicforfearthatothersmightpublishsomethingsimilarbeforethem38.somepsychologyjoumalshaveofferedincentivestoencourageauthorstosharetheirdata.39.thereisagrowingdemandinthesciencecommunitythatresearchdatabeopentothepublic.40.sharingdataoffersearly-careerresearchersthechancetobuildacertainlevelofreputation41.datasharingenablesscientiststopublisheachstepoftheirresearchwork,thusleadingtomorecitations42.scientistsholddifferentopinionsabouttheextentandtimingofdatasharing43.potentialproblemsrelatedtodatasharingshouldbemadeknowntoanddiscussedbyallparticipantsatthebeginningofajointresearchproject25/57.44.sharingdataandhandlingdata-relatedissuescanbetime-consuming45.juniorresearehersmayhavenosaywhenitcomestosharingdata.SectioncDirections:thereare2passagesinthissection.eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatementsforeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkeda,b,c)andD)YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageoneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inthebeginningofthemovie,robot,arobothastodecidewhomtosaveaftertwocarsplungeintothewater-delspoonerorachild.eventhoughspoonerscreams"savehersaveher!"therobotrescueshimbecauseitcalculatesthathehasa45percentchanceofsurvivalcomparedtosarah\'s11percent.therobot\'sdecisionanditscalculatedapproachraiseanimportantquestion:wouldhumansmakethesamechoice?andwhichchoicewouldwewantourroboticcounterpartstomake?Isaacasimovevadedthewholenotionofmoralityindevisinghisthreelawsofrobotics,whichholdthat1.robotscannotharmhumansorallowhumanstocometoharm;2.robotsmustobeyhumans,exceptwheretheorderwouldconflictwithlawi;and3.robotsmustactinself-preservation,unlessdoingsoconflictswithlawsior2.theselawsareprogrammedintoasimov\'srobots-theydon\'thavetothink,judge,orvalue.theydon\'thavetolikehumansorbelievethatwrongorbad.theysimplydon\'tdoit.Therobotwhorescuesspoonerslifein/robotfollowsasimov\'szerothlaw:robotscannotharmhumanity(asopposedtoindividualhumansorallowhumanitytocometoharm--anexpansionofthefirstlawthatallowsrobotstodeterminewhat\'sinthegreatergood.underthefirstlaw,arobotcouldnotharmadangerousgunman,butunderthezerothlaw,arobotcouldkillthegunmantosaveothers.Whetherit\'spossibletoprogramarobotwithsafeguardssuchasasimov\'slawsisdebatableawordsuchas"harm"isvague(whataboutemotionalharmisreplacingahumanemployharm),andabstractconceptspresentcodingproblems.therobotsinasimov\'sfictionexposecomplicationsandloopholesinthethreelaws,andevenwhenthelawswork,robotsstillhavetoassesssituation.26/57.Assessingsituationscanbecomplicated.arobothastoidentifytheplayers,conditions,andpossibeoutcomesforvariousscenarios,Itsdoubtfulthatacomputerprogramcandothat-aleast,notwithoutsomeundesirableresults.aroboticistatthebristolroboticslaboratoryprogrammedarobottosavehuroxies(5)called""fromdanger.whenoneh-boheadedfordanger,therobotsuccessfullypusheditoutoftheway.butwhentwoh-botsbecamepercentofthetime,unabletodecidewhichtosaveandlettingthemboth"die."theexperimenthighlightstheimportanceofmoralitywithoutit,howcanarobotdecidewhomtosaveorwhat\'sbestforhumanity,especiallyifitcan\'tcalculatesurvivalodds?46.whatquestiondoestheexampleinthemovieraise?a)whetherrobotscanreachbetterdecisionsb)whetherrobotsfollowasimov\'szero"d)howrobotsshouldbeprogrammed.47.whatdoestheauthorthinkofasimovsthreelawsofrobotics?a)theyareapparentlydivorcedfromreality.b)theydidnotfollowthecodingsystemofrobotics.c)theylaidasolidfoundationforrobotics.d)theydidnottakemoralissuesintoconsideration.48.whatdoestheauthorsayaboutasimov\'srobots?atheyknowwhatisgoodorbadforhumanbeingsb)theyareprogrammednottohurthumanbegingsc)theyperformdutiesintheirowners\'bestinterest.d)theystopworkingwhenamoralissueisinvolved.49.whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioningtheword"harm"inasimov\'slaws?a)abstractconceptsarehardtoprogram.27/57.b)itishardforrobotstomakedecisionsc)robotsmaydoharmincertainsituationsd)asimov\'slawsusetoomanyvagueterms50.whathastheroboticistatthebristolroboticslaboratoryfoundinhisexperiment.a）robotscanbemadeasintelligentashumanbegingssomedayb)robotscanhavemoralissuesencodedintotheirprogramc)robotscanhavetroublemakingdecisionsincomplexscenarion.d)robotscanbeprogrammedtoperceivepotentialperils.PassageTwoQuestions5ito55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Ourworldnowmovessofastthatweseldomstoptoseejusthowfastweseldomstoptoseejusthowfarwuhavecomeinjustafewyear.ThelatestiPone6s,forexample,hasadual-coreproccssorandfitenicelyintoyourpocket.bycomparison,youwouldexpecttofindatechnologicalspecificationlikethisonyourtandardlaptopinanofficeanywhereintheworld.itsnowondershatnewapplicationsfortheinternetofthingsaremovingahcadfastwhenalmosteverynewdecicewebuyhasaplupontheengofitorawirelessconnectiontotheinternet.Soon,ourcurrentsmartphonelifestylewilateourownsmarthomelifestyletoo.Allresearchesagreethatcloseto25billiondevices,thingsandsensorswillbeconnectedby2020whichincidentallyisalsothemomentthatmillennials(千禧一代)areexpectedtomakeupofouroverallworkforce,andthefullyconnectedhome.becomearealityforlargeumbersofpeopleworldwide.Howeverthisisjustthetipoftheproverbialicebergassmartbuildingsandevencitiesincreasinglybecomethenormasleadersandbusinessownersbegintowakeuptothemassivesavingsthattechnologycandeliverthroughconnectedsensorsandnewformsofautomationcoupledwithligentenergyandfacilitiesmanagemen.28/57.Onlinesecuritycameras,intelligentlightingandawealthofsensorsthatcontrolbothtemperatureandairqualityareofferinganunprecedentedlevelofcontrol,efficiency,andimprovementstohatwereonceclassednecessarycostswhenrunningabusinessormanagingalargebuilding.Wecanexpectthattheever-growinglistofdevices,systemsandenvironmentsremainconnected,alwaysonlineandtalkingtoeachother.thebigbenefitwillnotonlybeinthehousingofthisenormousandrapidlygrowingamountofdata,butwillalsobeintheabilitytorunrealtimedataanalyticstoextractactionableandongoingknowledge.Thebiggestandmostexcitingchallengeofthistechnologyishowtocreativelyleveragethisever-growingamountofdatatodelivercostsavings,improvementsandtangiblebenefitstobothbusinessesandcitizensofthesesmartcitiesThegoodnewsisthatmostofthistechnologyisalreadyinvented.let\'sfaceit,itwasn\'ttoolongagothattheideaofworkingfromanywhereandatanytimewassomeformofadistantutopim(乌托邦式的)dream,andyetnowwecanperformalmostanyoffice-basedtaskfromanylocationintheworldaslongaswehaveaccesstotheinternet.it\'stimetowakeuptothefactthatmakingsmartbuildings,citiesandhomeswilldramaticallyimproveourqualityoflifeintheyearsahead.51.Whatdoestheexampleofiphone6sservetoshow?a)thehugecapacityofthesmartphonespeoplenowuseb)thewidespreaduseofsmartphonesallovertheworldc)thehugeimpactofnewtechnologyonpeople\'severydaylife.d)therapidtechnologicalprogressinaveryshortperiodoftime52.whatcanweexpecttoseebytheyear2020?a)appsfortheinternetofthingsc)theemergenceofmillennialsb)thepopularizationofsmarthomes.d)totalglobalizationoftheworld29/57.53.whatwillbusinessownersdowhentheybecomeawareofthebenefitsoftheinternetofthings?a）employfewerworkersintheiroperationsb)gainautomaticcontroloftheirbusinessec)investinmoresmartbuildingsandcitiesd)embracewhatevernewtechnologythereis54.whatisthemostexcitingchallengewhenwepossessmoreandmoredata?a)howtoturnittoprofitableusec)howtolinktheactionablesystemsb)howtodorealtimedataanalysisd)howtodevisenewwaystostoreit.55.whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutworkingfromanywhereandatanytime?a)itisfeasiblewithaconnectiontotheinternetb)itwillthriveinsmartbuildings,citiesandhomesc)itisstilladistantutopiandreamforordinaryworkersd)itwilldelivertangiblebenefitstobothbossandworkerPartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromchineseintoEnglish.youshouldwriteyouransweronanswersheet2.洞庭湖位于湖南省东北部，面积很大，但湖水很浅。洞庭湖是长江的蓄洪池，湖的大校很大程度上取决于季节变化，湖北和湖南两省因其与湖的相对位置而得名，湖北意为“湖的北边”，而湖南则为“湖的南边”。洞庭湖作为龙舟赛的发源地，在中国文化中享有盛名。据说龙舟赛始于洞庭湖东岸。为的是搜寻30/57.楚国爱国诗人屈原的遗体。龙舟赛与洞庭湖及周边的美景，每年都吸引着成千上万来自全国和世界各地的游客。参考答案：PartIWriting范文"Seektounderstandothers,andyouwillbeunderstood"Theenlightenmentofthissayingisnotlostinourerabutunwillingtounderstandothersseemsprevalent.Theimplicationofthismessageisthatpeoplecanunderstandeachotheraslongastheytrytodothisfirst;thereare,infact,manywhogetunderstoodbyothersbecausetheymanagetounderstandothersfirst.Thereareseveralfactorstobetakenintoaccountwhenweagreeon“seektounderstandothers,andwillbeunderstood”:Onereasonisthattryingtounderstandotherscanshowyourkindnesstoothers.Otherpeoplewouldbethankful,soitiseasierforthemtoacceptyourideas.Ontheotherhand,itwillletyouthinkwhatotherpeoplethinksothatyoucangettoknowthembetter.Therefore,yourideaswouldhaveagreaterchancetobeunderstood.Whenweseektounderstandothers,weelevatethegoodwillandteam-workspirit.Thereisastimulativeeffectthatkicksinwhenpeoplesharethisspirit.Byseekingtounderstandothers,weboostopportunityforfulfillingunderstandingbetweeneachother.PartIIListeningComprehensionSectionALongConversation11.【答案】C.Theyfacilitatethedonationofunsoldfoodtotheneedy.2.【答案】B.Itpassedalawaimingtostopoverproduction.3.【答案】D.Ithasbannedsupermarketsfromdumpingediblefood.4.【答案】A.theconfusionoverfoodexpirationlabels.LongConversation231/57.5.【答案】B.Ithasjustlauncheditsannualanniversarysales.6.【答案】D.Priceadjustmentwithinsevendaysofpurchase.7.【答案】C.Creditittoheraccount.8.【答案】D.Complimentarytailoring.SectionBPassage19.【答案】A.Theyarethin,tall,andunlikerealhumanbeings.10.【答案】D.Theirbodyshapeshavenotchangedmuch.11.【答案】C.OntheInternet.Passage212.【答案】A.Moveablemetaltypebegantobeusedinprinting.13.【答案】B.Itwasthebiggestprinterinthe16thcentury.14.【答案】B.Itboostedthecirculationofpopularworks.15.【答案】D.Itpromotedthegrowthofnationallanguages.SectionCRecording116.【答案】D)Theychooseajobwithoutthinkingitthrough.17.【答案】B)Findoutwhatjobchoicesareavailable.18.【答案】A)Thequalificationsyouhave.Recording219.【答案】B)ItisaculturalfestivalfoundedforAfrican-Americans.20.【答案】C)TohelpAfrican-Americanstorealizetheirgoals.32/57.21.【答案】B)Thefirstfruitsoftheharvest.22.【答案】A)Theyreciteaprinciple.Recording323.【答案】A)Itisoneoftheworld’smosthealthydiets.24.【答案】C)Itisregardedasoneofthegreatestresearchersofitskind.25.【答案】D)Theyhavelowermortalityrates.PartIIIReadingComprehensionSectionA26.i)permitThenewmarinereserve,nowthelargestinthePacific,willnofishingormining.该空考察will之后的动词原形，因此，结合上下句语境，不难得出该空为permit(允许零捕鱼区);27.o)territoryThetinyislandnationhassetaside500,000squarekilometers-80percent-ofitsmaritime.该空考察maritime后的搭配，考虑到形容词后的搭配，不难得出该空考察maritime后的名词为territory(小岛领土);28.f）exclusiveThat’sthehighestpercentageofaneconomiczonedevotedtomarineconservationbyanycountryintheworld.该空考察不定冠词an后的搭配，同时考虑空后的economic，可以得出exclusive(专属经济区);29.c)commercialbyindividualsandsmall-scalefishingbusinesseswithlimitedexports33/57.该空考察individuals及small-scale后的搭配，根据上下文语境可以得出，该空答案为commercial(商业捕鱼区);30.d)communitiesIslandhavebeenamongthehardesthitbythethreatsfacingtheocean.此处考察从句的主语部分，考虑前后文，可以得出“Islandcommunities”(小岛社区);31.e）essentialThepeopleofPalaurecogniseastooursurvival.Recogniseas后接该空出所问的“这个大胆的一步”所处的地位，“essential”一词为正确答案(Palau地区居民认为的必需品);32.g)independentPalauhasonlybeenannationfortwentyyearsandhasastronghistoryofenvironmentalprotection.此处考察搭配“anindependentnation”(独立的国家)，故根据前后搭配，答案很容易得出;33.m)sponsorSenatorHokkonsBaules,leadofthePalauNationalMarineSanctuaryAct,said....该提出现在句中的同位语处，因此，考虑到这个人的身份，不难得出答案为sponsor(主要赞助商);34.j)secureHelpbuildafuture...该空考察搭配，“帮助建立...的未来”，因此，“安全的未来”符合语境，故选secure;35.n)stocks34/57.Callatemporarystoptofishingforkeyspeciesinordertogivefishanopportunitytoreplenish.此处考察搭配fish后的搭配，因此，“给...一个补充的机会”，因此，该空答案为fishstocks(鱼类);sectionB36M)AstronomerDavidHoggdoesn\'tthinkscoopingisasseriousaproblemasgenerallythought.37.G)someresearchersarehesitanttomaketheirdadapublicforfearthatothersmightpublishsomethingsimilarbeforethem.38.D)somepsychologyjournalshaveofferedincentivestoencourageauthorstoharetheirdata.39.A)thereisagrowingdemandinthesiencecommunitythatresearchdatabeopenthepublic.40.P)sharingdataoffersearly-careerresarchersthechancetobuildacertainlevelofreputation.41.C)Datasharingenablesscientiststopublisheachstepoftheirresearchwork.thusleadingtomorecitations.42.B)scientistsholddifferentopinionsabouttheextentandtimingofdatasharing.43.O)Potentialproblemsrelatedtodatasharingshouldbemadeknowntoanddiscussedbyallparticipantsatthebeginningofajointresearchproject.44.F)sharingdataandhandlingdata-reatedissuescanbetime-consuming45.F)juniorresearchersmayhavenosaywhenitcomestosharingdata.Sectionc46.A47.D35/57.48.B49.A50.B51.D52.B53.B54.A55.APartIVTranslationDongtinglakeisalarge,shallowlakeinnortheasternhunanprovince,china.itisafloodbasinoftheyangtzeRiver.Hencethelake\'ssizedependsontheseason.theprovincesofhubeiandhunanarenamedaftertheirlocationrelativetothelake:Hubeimeans"northofthelakeandHunanmeans"southofthelake.dongtinglakeenjoysagoodreputationinchinesecultureastheplaceoforiginofdragonboatracing.dragonboatracingissaidtohavebegunontheeasternshoresofDongtinglakeasasearchforthebodyofQuYuan,theChupatrioticpoet.DragonBoatracingandthebeautyofDongtingLakeandthesurroundingareaattractthousandsoftouristsathomeandabroadeachyear.2017年12月英语六级考试真题及答案（第三套）“考试采取“多题多卷”模式，试题顺序不统一，请依据试题进行核对。”PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingonthesaying"Helpothers,andyouwillbehelpedwhenyouareinneed"youcanciteexamplestoilustrateyourviews.youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200。PartII36/57.Listeningcomprehension(30miutes)SectionaSectionaQuestions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1、a)theyforbidbusinessproducemorefoodsthanneededb)theyfacilitatethedonationofunsoldfoodstotheneedyc)theyprohibitthesaleoffoodsthathavegonestaled)theyrewardbusinessesthateliminatefoodwaste2、a)itpassedalawaimingtostopoverproductionb)itprohibitedthepromotionofbulkfoodsalesc)itvotedagainstfoodimportfromoutsideeuroped)imposedpenaltiesonbusinessesthatwastefood3.a)ithaspenalizedbusinessesthatkeepoverproducingfoodsb)ithasstartedanationwidecampaignagainstfoodwastec)ithaswarmeditspeopleagainstpossiblefoodshortagd)ithasbannedsupermarketsfromdumpingediblefoods4.a)americanshabitofbuyingfoodinbulk.b)alackofregulationonfoodconsumption.c)theconfusionoverfoodexpirationlabelsd)thesurplusresultingfromoverproductionQuestions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.a)itspecializesinthesaleofladies\'designerdressesb)itoffersregularweekendsalesalltheyearroundc)ithasjustlauncheditsannualanniversarysales37/57.d)ithasstartedaweek-longpromotioncampaign.6.a)pricereductionsforitsfrequentcustomers.b)couponsforcustomerswithbulkpurchasesc)freedeliveryofpurchasesforseniorcustomersd)priceadjustmentswithinsevendaysofpurchase7.a)mailagiftcardtoher.b)allowhertobuyoncredic)creditittoheraccountd)givehersomecoupons8.a)refundingforgoodsreturnedb)freeinstallingofappliances.c)prolongedgoodswarranty.d)complimentarytailoringSectionbDirections:inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearIreeorfourquestions.boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonceAfteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkeda,b,candd).thenmarkthecorrespondingletteronanswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard9.a)theyarethin,tall,andunlikerealhumanbeings.b)theyhavemorethantwentydifferenthairtexturesc)theyhavetwenty-fourdifferentbodyshapesintotald)theyrepresentpeoplefromvirtuallyallwalksoflife.10.a)theydonotreflectyounggirlsaspirations38/57.b)theyarenotsoldtogetherwiththeoriginalc)theirflatfeetdonotappealtoadolescentsd)theirbodyshapeshavenotchangedmuch11.a)intoystoresb)inshoppingmalls.c)ontheinternetd)atbarbieshopsQuestions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard12.a)moveablemetaltypebegantobeusedinprintingb)chineseprintingtechnologywasfirstintroducec)theearliestknownbookwaspublishedd)metaltypewasimportedfromkorea13.a)itproducedsome20millionvolumesintotalb)ithelpedthegermanpeoplebecomeliteratc)itwasthebiggestprinterinthe16thcentury,d)ithadmorethanahundredprintingpresses.14.a)itboostedthecirculationofpopularworksb)itprovidedreaderswithmorechoicec)itmadewritingaveryprofitablecareerd)itpushedhandwrittenbooksoutofcirculation15.a)itacceleratetheextinctionofthelatinlanguage.b)itpromotedthegrowthofnationallanguages39/57.c)itturnedtranslationintoawelcomeprofessin.d)itstandardizedthepublicationofgrammarbooksSectioncDirections:inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkeda,b,candd)Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteronanswersheet1withasinglelinethroughcentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.a)theychooseajobwithoutthinkingitthroughb)theybecomestuckinthesamejobfordecadesc)theyspendanaverageofoneyearfindingajobd)theygetboredafterworkingforaperiodoftime17.a)decidewhichjobismostattractivetoyoub)seeiftherewillbechancesforpromotionc)watchafilmaboutwaysofjobhuntingd)findoutwhatjobchoicesareavailable18.a)thepayyouaregoingtogetb)thequalificationsyouhavec)thecultureofyourtargetcompanyd)theworkenvironmentyouwillbein.Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19.a)itisareligiousfestivalcelebratedbyafriean-amencars.b)itisanancientfesitivalcelebratedbyafriean-amencars.40/57.c)itissculturalfesitivalcelebratedbyafriean-amencars.d)itisasimportantaschristmasforafrican-americans20.a)tocallonafrican-americanstoworshiptheirgodsb)tourgeafrican-americanstodomoreforsocitey.c)toremindafrican-americansoftheirsufferingsd)tohelpafrican-americanstorealizetheirgoals.21.a)faithinself-determination.b)thefirstfruitsoftheharvest,c)creativeworkandachievementd)unityandcooperativeeconomics22.a)theytakeasolemnoathb)theydrinkwinefromtheunitycupc)theyreciteaprincipled)theycallouttheirancestors\'namesQuestions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.23.a)itconsistsmainlyofvariouskindsofseafoodb)itbegantoimpacttheworldinrecentyearsc)itcontainslargeamountsofdairyproductsd)itisoneoftheworld\'smosthealthydiets24.a)itisregardedasoneofthegreatestresearchesofitskindb)ithasdrawntheattentionofmedicaldoctorstheworldoverc)itwasconductedinsevenmid-easterncountriesinthe1950s41/57.d)itinvolved13,000researchersfromasia,europeandamerica25.a)theyeatfoodswithlittlefatb)theyhavelowermortalityratesc)theyuselittleoilincookingd)theycaremuchabouttheirhealthPartIIIReadingSectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.ThepacificislandnationofPalauhasbecomehometothesixthlargestmarinesanctuaryintheworld.thenewmarinereserve.Nowthelargestinthepacific,will26nofishingormining.Palaualsoestablishedtheworld\'sfirstsharksanctuaryin2009.Thetinyislandnationhassetaside500,000squarekilometres-80percent-ofitsmaritime27,forfullprotectionthat\'sthehighestpercentageofan28economiczonedevotedtomarineconservationbyanycountryintheworld.theremaining20percentofthepalauseaswillbereservedforlocalfishingbyindividualsandsmall-scale29fishingbusinesseswithlimitedexports."island30-havebeenamongthehardesthitbythethreatsfacingtheocean,"saidPresidentTommyRemengesaujr.inastatement."creatingthissanctuaryisaboldmovethatthepeopleofPalaurecogniseas31tooursurvival.wewanttoleadthewayinrestoringthehealthoftheoceanforfuturegenerations.Palauhasonlybeenan32nationfortwentyyearsandhasastronghistoryofenvironmen-talprotection.itishometooneoftheworldsfinestmarineecosystems,withmorethan1,300speciesoffishand700speciesofcoral.SenatorHokkonsBauleslead33-ofthePalauNationalmarinesanctuaryact,saidthesanctuarywillhelpbuilda34futureforthepalauanpeoplebyhonoringtheconservationtraditionsofourpast".theseincludethecenturies-oldcustomof"",whereleaderswouldcalla42/57.temporarystoptofishingforkeyspeciesinordertogivefish35anopportunitytoreplenish（补充）.A）allocateI)permitB）celebritiesJ)secureC）commercialK)solitaryD）communitiesL)spectacleE）essentialM)sponsorF）exclusiveN)stocksG）independentO)territoryH）indulgeSectionBDirections:inthissection,youangoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoiteachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninineoftheparagraphs.identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.answerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespandingletteronanswersheet2Datasharing:anopenmindonopendata[A]itisamovementbuildingsteadymomentum:acalltomakeresearchdata,softwarecodeandexperimentalmetbodspubliclyavailablcandtransparentAspiritofopennessisgainingacceptanceinthesciencecommunity,andistheonlyway,sayadvocates,toaddressa\'crisisinsciencewherebytoofewfindingsaresuccessfullyreproduced.furthermore,theysay,itisthebestwayforresearcherstogathertherangeofobservationsthatarenecessarytospeedupdiscoveriesortoidentifylarge-scaletrends[b]theopen-datashiftposesaconfusingproblemforjuniorresearchers,ontheonehand,thedrivetoshareisgatheringofficialsteam.since2013,globalscientificbodieshavebeguntothatsupportincreasedpublicaccesstoresearchontheotherhand,scientistsdisagreeabouthowmuchandwhentheyshouldsharedata,andtheydebatewhethersharingitismorelikelytoacceleratescienceandmakeitmorerobust,ortointroducevulnerabilitiesand43/57.problems.asmorejoumalsandfundersadoptdata-sharingrequirements,andasagrowingnumberofenthusiastscallformoreopenness.juniorresearchersmustfindtheirplacebetweenadoptersandthosewhocontinuetoholdout,evenastheystrivetolaunchtheirowncareers.(c)onekeychallengefacingyoungscientistsishowtobeopenwithoutbecomingscientificallyvulnerable.theymustdeterminetheriskofjeopardizingajobofferoracollaborationproposalfromthosewhoarewaryof-orunfamiliarwith-openscience.andtheymustlearnhowtocapitalizeonthemovementsbenefits,suchasopportunitiesformorecitationsandawaytobuildareputationwithouttheneedforconventionalmetrics,suchaspublicationinhigh-impactjournals.[D]somefieldshaveembracedopendatamorethanothers.researchersinpsychology,afieldrockedbyfindingsofirreproducibilityinthepastfewyears,havebeenespeciallyvocalsupportersofthedriveformore-openscience.afewpsychologyjournalshavecreatedincentivestoincreaseinterestinreproduciblescience-forexample,byaffixingan"badgetoarticlesthatclearlystatewheredataareavailable.accordingtosocialpsychologistbriannosek,executivedirectorofthecenterforopenscience,theaveragedata-sharingrateforthejoumalPsychologicalscience,whichusesthebadges,increasedtenfoldto38%from2013to2015.[E]funders,too,areincreasinglyadoptinganopen-datapolicyseveralstronglyencourage,andsomerequireadata-managementplanthatmakesdataavailable.theionalsciencFoundationisamongthese.somephilanthropic(&)funders,includingthebill&melindaGatesfoundationinseattle,washington,andthewellcometrustinlondon,alsomandateopendatafromtheirgrantrecipients.[F]butmanyyoungrescarchers,especiallythosewhohavenotbeenmentoredinopenscienceareuncertainaboutwhethertoshareortostayprivate.graduatestudentsandwhooftenareworkingontheirlabheadsgrant,mayhavenochoiceiftheirsupervisororanotherseniorcolleagueopposessharing.[G]somefearthatthepotentialimpactofsharingistoohigh,especiallyattheearlystagesofacareer"Everybodyhasastoryaboutsoneonegettingscooped"saysNewYorkuniversityastronomerdavidhogg.thosefearsmaybeafactorinalingeringhesitationtosharedataevenwhenpublishinginjournalsthatmandateit.[H]researchersatsmalllabsoratinstitutionsfocusedonteachingarguablyhavethemosttolose.whensharinghard-wondata."withmyinstitutionandteachingload,idon\'thavepostdocsandgradstudents,"saysterrymcglynn,atropicalbiologistatcaliforniastateuniversity,Dominguezhills."thestakesarehigherformetosharedatabecauseit\'sabiggerfractionofwhat\'shappeninginmylab."44/57.[I]researchersalsopointtothetimesinkthatisinvolvedinpreparingdataforotherstoviewOncethedataandassociatedmaterialsappearinarepository(存储库),answeringquestionsandhandlingcomplaintscantakemanyhour.[J]thetimeinvestmentcanpresentotherproblems.insomecases,saysdatascientistkarthikRam,itmaybedifficultforjuniorresearcherstoembraceopennesswhenseniorcolleaguesmanyofwhomheadselectionandpromotioncommittees-mightridiculewhattheymayviewasmisplacedenergiesihaveheardthisrecentlythatembracingtheideaofopendataandcodemakestraditionalacademicsuncomfortable,"saysram."theconcemseemstobethatopenadvocatesdon\'tspendtheirtimebeingasproductiveaspossible[K]anopen-sciencestancecanalsoaddcomplexitytoacollaboration.kateratliff,whostudiessocialattitudesattheuniversityofflorida,gainesville,saysthatitcanseemasiftherearetwocampsinafield-thosewhocareaboutopenscienceandthosewhodon\'t"thereisanewareatonavigate-"areyoucoolwiththefactthati\'llwanttomakethedataopen?\'-whentalkingwithsomebodyaboutaninterestingresearchidea,shesays.[L]despitecomplicationsandconcerns,theupsidesofsharingcanbesignificant.forexample,wheninformationisuploadedtoarepository,adigitalobjectidentifier(DOI)isassigned.Scientistscanuseadoitopublisheachstepoftheresearchlifecycle,notjustthefinalpaperInsodoing,theycanpotentiallygetthreecitations-oneeachfortthedataandsoftware,inadditiontothepaperitself.andalthoughsomesaythatcitationsforsoftwareordatahacelittlecurrencyinacademia,theycanhaveotherbenefits[M]manyadvocatesthinkthattransparentdataprocedureswithadateandtimestampwillprotectientistsfrombeingscooped."thisisthesweetspotbetweensharingandgettingcreditforit.whilediscouragingplagiarismsayslvoGrigorovaprojectcooedinatoratthenationalinstituteofaquaticresourcesresearchsecretariatincharlottenlund,denmark.hogg.saysthatscoopingislessofaproblemthanmanythink."thetwocasesi\'mfamiliarwithdidn\'tinvolveopendataorcode,"hesays.[N]opensciencealsooffersjunorresearchersthechancetoleveltheplayingfieldbygainingbetteraccesstocrucialdata.rosemounceapostdocstudingecolutionarybiologyattheUniversityofcambridge,uk,isavocalchampionofopenscience,partlybecausehisfossilbasedresearchdependsonaccesstoothers\'data.hesaysthatmoreopennessinsciencecouldhelptodiscouragewhatsomeperceiveasacommonpracticeofshuttingoutearly-careerscientistsrequestsfordata.45/57.[[O]communicationalsohelpsforthosewhoworryaboutjeopardizingacollaboration,hesaysConcemsaboutopenscienceshouldbediscussedattheoutsetofastudy.""wheneveryoustartaprojectwithsomeone,youhavetoestablishaclearunderstandingofexpectationsforwhoownsthedata,atwhatpointtheygopublicandwhocandowhatwiththem,"hesays.[P]intheend,sharingdata,softwareandmaterialswithcolleaguescanhelpanearly-careerresearchertogainrecognition-acrucialcomponentofsuccess.thethingyouaresearchingforisreputation,"saystitusbrown,agenomics(基因组学)researcherattheuniversityofCalifornia,davis."togetgrantsandjobs,youhavetoberelevantandachievesomelevelofpublicrecognition.anythingyoudothatadvancesyourpresence-especiallyinalargersphere,outsidethecommunitiesyouknow-isanetwin."36.astronomerdavidhoggdoesn\'tthinkscoopingisasseriousaproblemasgenerallythought.37.someresearchersarehesitanttomaketheirdatapublicforfearthatothersmightpublishnethingsimilarbeforethem.38.somepsychologyjournalshaveofferedincentivestoencourageauthorstosharetheirdata39.thereisagrowingdemandinthesciencecommunitythatresearchdatabeopentothepublic40.sharingdataofferscarlycareerresearchersthechancetobuildacertainlevelofreputation.41.datasharingenablesscientiststopublisheachstepoftheirresearchwork,thusleadingtomorecitations.42.scientistsholddifferentopinionsabouttheextentandtimingofdatasharing43.potentialproblemsrelatedtodatasharingshouldbemadeknowntoanddiscussedbyallparticipantsatthebeginningofajointresearchproject44.sharingdataandhandlingdata-relatedissuescanbetime-consuming45.juniorresearchersmayhavenosaywhenitcomestosharingdataSectioncPassageoneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.46/57.Inthebeginningofthemovie/robotarobothastodecidewhomtosaveaftertwocarsplungeintothewater-delspoonerorachild.eventhoughspoonerscreams"savehersaveher.therobotrescueshimbecauseitcalculatesthathehasa45percentchanceofsurvivalcomparedtosarah\'sllpercent.therobotsdecisionanditscalculatedapproachraiseanimportantquestion:wouldhumansmakethesamechoiceandwhichchoicewouldwewantourroboticcounterpartstomake?Isaacasimovevadedthewholenotionofmoralityindevisinghisthreelawsofrobotics,whichhoIdthatI.robotscannotharmhumansorallowhumanstocometoharm;2.robotsmustobeypreservation,unlessdoingsoconflictswithlawsior2.theselawsareprogrammedintoAsimov\'srobots--theydon\'thavetothink,judge,orvalue.theydonthavetolikehumansorbelievethathurtingthemiswrongorbad.theysimplydon\'tdoit.TherobotwhorescuesSpooner\'slifeini,robotfollowsAsimov\'szerolaw:robotscannotharmhumanity(asopposedtoindividualhumansorallowhumanitytocometoharm--anexpan-sionofthefirstlawthatallowsrobotstodeterminewhat\'sinthegreatergood.underthefirstlaw.arobotcouldnotharmadangerousgunman,butunderthezero"law,arobotcouldkillthegunmantosaveothers.Whetherit’spossibletoprogramarobotwithsafeguardssuchasasimov\'slawsisdebatableAwordsuchas"harm"isvague(whataboutemotionalharm?isreplacingahumanemployeeharm?)andabstractconceptspresentcodingproblems.therobotsinasimecomplicationsandloopholesinthethreelaws,andevenwhenthelawswork,robotsstillhavetoasscsssituations.Assessingsituationscanbecomplicated.arobothastoidentifytheplayers,conditions,andpossibleoutcomesforwariousscennrios.It’sdoubtfulthatacomputerprogramcandothat-atleast,notwithoutsomeundesirableresults.Arobotocostatthebristolroboticslaboratoryprogrammedarobottosavehumanproxies(替身)called“H’bots”fromdanger.whenoneH-botofheadedfordanger,therobotsucecssfullypusheditouttheway.butwhentwoh-botsbecameimperiled,therobotchoked42percentofthetime,unabletodecidewhichtosaveandlettingthembothdie.Therobotchoked42percentofthetime,unabletodecidewhichtosaveandlettingthemheadedfordanger,therobotsuccessfullypushedit.howcanarobotdecidewhomtosaveorwhat’sbestforhumanity,especiallyifitcan\'tcalculatesurvivalodds?46.whatquestiondoestheexampleinthemovieraise?awhetherrobotscanreachbetterdecisionsb)whetherrobotsfollowAsimov’szero’law47/57.c)howrobotsmaymakebadjudgmentsd)howrobotsshouldbeprogrammed47.whatdoestheauthorthinkofasimov\'sthreelawsofrobotics?a)theyareapparentlydivorcedfromrealityb)theydidnotfollowthecodingsystemofroboticsc)theylaidasolidfoundationforrobotics.d)theydidnottakemoralissuesintoconsideration.48.whatdoestheauthorsayaboutasimovsrobots?atheyknowwhatisgoodorbadforhumanbeingsb)theyareprogrammednottohurthumanbeingsc)theyperformdutiesintheirowners\'bestinterest.d)theystopworkingwhenamoralissueisinvolved.49.whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioningtheword"harm"inasimovslaws?aabstractconceptsarehardtoprogram.b)itishardforrobotstomakedecisions.c)robotsmaydoharmincertainsituations.d)lawsusetoomanyvagueterms.50.whathastheroboticistatthebristolroboticslaboratoryfoundinhisexperiment?a)robotscanbemadeasintelingentashumanbeiegssomeday.b)robotscanhavemoralissuesencodedintotheirprograms.c)robotscanhavetroublemakingdecisionsincomplexscenarios.d)robotscanbeprogrammedtoperceivepotentialperils.48/57.PassageTwoQuestions5ito55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Ourworldnowmovessofastthatweseldomstoptoseejusthowfarwehavecomeinjustafewyears.ThelasestiPhone6s,forexample,hasadual-coreprocessorandfitsnicelyintoyourpocket.bycomparison,youwouldexpecttofindatechnologicalspecificationlikethisonyourstandardlaptopinanofficeanywhereintheworld.It’snowonderthatdevicewebuyhasaplugontheendofitorawirelessconnectiontointernetsoon.ourcurrentsmartphonelifestylewillexpandtocreateourownsmarthomelifestyletoo.Allresearchesagreethatcloseto25billiondevices.thingsandsensorswillbeconnnectedby2020whichincidentallyisalsothemomentthatMillennias(千禧一代)areexpectedtomakeup75percentofouroverallworkforce,andthefullyconnectedhomebecomearealityforlargenumbersofpeopleworldwide.However,thisisjustthetipoftheprovebialicebergassmartbuildingsandevencitiesincrasimglybecomethenormasleadersandbusinessownersbegintowakeuptothemassivesavingsthattechnologycandeliverthroughconnectedsensorsandnewformsofautomationcoupledwithintelligentenergyandfacilitiesmanagemen.Onlinesecuritycameras,intelligentlightingandawealthofsensorsthatcontrolbothtemperatureandairqualityareofferinganunprecedentedlevelofcontrol,efficiency,andimprovementstowhatwereonceclassednecessarycostswhenrunningabusinessormanagingalargebuilding.Wecanexpectthattheever-growinglistofdevices,systemsandenvironmentsremainconnected,alwaysonlineandtalkingtoeachother.thebigbenefitwillnotonlybeinthehousingofthisenormousandrapidlygrowingamountofdata,butwillalsobeintheabilitytorunrealtimedataanalyticstoextractactionableandongoingknowledge.Thebiggestandmostexcitingchallengeofthistechnologyishowtocreativelyleveragethisever-growingamountofdatatodelivercostsavings,improvementsandtangiblebenefitstobothbusinessesandcitizensofthesesmartcities.Thegoodnewsisthatmostofthistechnologyisalreadyinvented.let\'sfaceit,itwasn\'ttoolongagothattheideaofworkingfromanywhereandatanytimewassomeformofadistantwtopim(乌托邦式的)dream,andyetnowwecanperformalmostanyoffice-basedtaskfromanylocationintheworldaslongaswehaveaccesstotheinternet.49/57.It\'stimetowakeuptothefactthatmakingsmartbuildings,citiesandhomeswilldramaticallyimproveourqualityoflifeintheyearsahead.51.whatdoestheexampleofiphone6sservetoshow?A)Thebugecapacityofthesmartphonespeoplenowuse.B)thewidespreaduseofsmartphonesallovertheworldc)thehugeimpactofnewtechnologyonpeople,everydaylifed)therapidtechnologicalprogressinaveryshortperiodoftime52.whatcanweexpecttoseebytheyear2020?A)appsfortheinternetofthingsB)Thepopularizationofsmarthomesc)theemergenceofmillennialsD)totalglobalizationoftheword53.whatwillbusinessownersdowhentheybecomeawareofthebenefitsoftheinternetofthings?A)employfewerworkersintheiroperationB)gainautomaticcontroloftheirbusinessesC)investinmoresmartbuildingsandcitiesD)embracewhatevernewtechnologythereis54.Whatisthemostexcitingchallengewhenwepossessmoreandmoredata?A)HowtoturnittoprofitableuseB)howtodorealtimedataanalysisC)howtolinktheactionablesystems.D)howtodevisenewwaystostoreit50/57.55.whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutworkingfromanywhereandatanytime?A)itisfeasiblewithaconnectiontotheinternetB)itwillthriveinsmartbuildings,citiesandhomesC)itisstilladistantutopiandreamforordinaryworkersD)itwilldelivertangiblebenefitstobothbossandworkerPartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromchineseintoEnglish.youshouldwriteyouransweronanswersheet2.青海湖位于海拔3205米、青海省省会西宁以西约100公里处。是中国最大的咸水湖,面积4317平方公里最深处25.5米,有23条河注入湖中,其中大部分是季节性的。百分之八十的湖水源于五条主要河流。青海湖位于跨越亚洲的几条候鸟迁徙路线的交叉处。许多鸟类把青海湖作为迁徙过程中的暂息地,湖的西侧是著名的鸟岛”,吸引着来自世界各地的观鸟者。每年夏天，游客们也来这里观看国际自行车比赛。参考答案PartIWritingThereisanoldsayinghelpothers,andyouwillbehelpedwhenyouareinneed.it\'stheexperienceofourforefathers,however,itiscorrectinmanycaseseventoday.anumberoffactorsareaccountableforthisoldsaying.oneofthemostcommonfactoristhathelpingeachotherenablespeopletogetworkdoneeasilyandquickly.Forinstance,ifastudentmeetsadifficultquestionabouttheirmajor,heorshecanseekhelpfromfellowclassmates,anditisclearthiswillsavemoretimeandenergytosolvetheproblem.anothercontributingcauseisthathelpingothersmakespeoplefeelwarminside.youcanjustimaginethathowwarmitiswhenyougethelpinbigcitieslikeBeijingorshanghaiwithoutanyrelatives,whichwillquaranteepeople\'srelatives,whichwillguaranteepeople\'smentalhealth.51/57.Itcandirectlypromotetherapidprogressoftheworldandindirectlyspurscontinuousdevelopmentoftheindividuals.Andeventuallybringseconomicprosperityandsocialharmony.PartIIListeningComprehensionSectionALongConversation1SectionALongConversation11、b)theyfacilitatethedonationofunsoldfoodstotheneedy2、a)itpassedalawaimingtostopoverproduction3、d)ithasbannedsupermarketsfromdumpingediblefoods4、d)ithasbannedsupermarketsfromdumpingediblefoodsLongConversation25、c)ithasjustlauncheditsannualanniversarysales6、b)couponsforcustomerswithbulkpurchases7、c)creditittoheraccount8、d)complimentarytailoringSectionBPassage19、a)theyarethin,tall,andunlikerealhumanbeings.10、d)theirbodyshapeshavenotchangedmuch52/57.11、c)ontheinternetPassage212、a)moveablemetaltypebegantobeusedinprinting13、c)itwasthebiggestprinterinthe16thcentury,14、a)itboostedthecirculationofpopularworks15、b)itpromotedthegrowthofnationallanguagesSectionCRecording116、a)theychooseajobwithoutthinkingitthrough17、a)theychooseajobwithoutthinkingitthrough18、b)thequalificationsyouhaveRecording219、c)itissculturalfesitivalcelebratedbyafriean-amencars.20、d)tohelpafrican-americanstorealizetheirgoals.21、b)thefirstfruitsoftheharvest,22、c)theyreciteaprincipleRecording323、d)itisoneoftheworld\'smosthealthydiets24、d)itisoneoftheworld\'smosthealthydiets25、b)theyhavelowermortalityratesPartIIIReadingComprehension参考答案：53/57.26、I)permitThenewmarinereserve,nowthelargestinthePacific,willnofishingormining.该空考察will之后的动词原形，因此，结合上下句语境，不难得出该空为permit(允许零捕鱼区);27.o)territoryThetinyislandnationhassetaside500,000squarekilometers-80percent-ofitsmaritime.该空考察maritime后的搭配，考虑到形容词后的搭配，不难得出该空考察maritime后的名词为territory(小岛领土);28.f）exclusiveThat’sthehighestpercentageofaneconomiczonedevotedtomarineconservationbyanycountryintheworld.该空考察不定冠词an后的搭配，同时考虑空后的economic，可以得出exclusive(专属经济区);29.c)commercialbyindividualsandsmall-scalefishingbusinesseswithlimitedexports该空考察individuals及small-scale后的搭配，根据上下文语境可以得出，该空答案为commercial(商业捕鱼区);30.d)communitiesIslandhavebeenamongthehardesthitbythethreatsfacingtheocean.此处考察从句的主语部分，考虑前后文，可以得出“Islandcommunities”(小岛社区);31.e）essentialThepeopleofPalaurecogniseastooursurvival.Recogniseas后接该空出所问的“这个大胆的一步”所处的地位，“essential”一词为正确答案(Palau地区居民认为的必需品);54/57.32.g)independentPalauhasonlybeenannationfortwentyyearsandhasastronghistoryofenvironmentalprotection.此处考察搭配“anindependentnation”(独立的国家)，故根据前后搭配，答案很容易得出;33.m)sponsorSenatorHokkonsBaules,leadofthePalauNationalMarineSanctuaryAct,said....该提出现在句中的同位语处，因此，考虑到这个人的身份，不难得出答案为sponsor(主要赞助商);34.j)secureHelpbuildafuture...该空考察搭配，“帮助建立...的未来”，因此，“安全的未来”符合语境，故选secure;35.n)stocksCallatemporarystoptofishingforkeyspeciesinordertogivefishanopportunitytoreplenish.此处考察搭配fish后的搭配，因此，“给...一个补充的机会”，因此，该空答案为fishstocks(鱼类);sectionB36M)AstronomerDavidHoggdoesn\'tthinkscoopingisasseriousaproblemasgenerallythought.37.G)someresearchersarehesitanttomaketheirdadapublicforfearthatothersmightpublishsomethingsimilarbeforethem.38.D)somepsychologyjournalshaveofferedincentivestoencourageauthorstoharetheirdata.55/57.39.A)thereisagrowingdemandinthesiencecommunitythatresearchdatabeopenthepublic.40.P)sharingdataoffersearly-careerresarchersthechancetobuildacertainlevelofreputation.41.C)Datasharingenablesscientiststopublisheachstepoftheirresearchwork.thusleadingtomorecitations.42.B)scientistsholddifferentopinionsabouttheextentandtimingofdatasharing.43.O)Potentialproblemsrelatedtodatasharingshouldbemadeknowntoanddiscussedbyallparticipantsatthebeginningofajointresearchproject.44.F)sharingdataandhandlingdata-reatedissuescanbetime-consuming45.F)juniorresearchersmayhavenosaywhenitcomestosharingdata.Sectionc46、a）whetherrobotscanreachbetterdecisions47、d)theydidnottakemoralissuesintoconsideration.48、b)theyareprogrammednottohurthumanbeings49、a)abstractconceptsarehardtoprogram.50、b)robotscanhavemoralissuesencodedintotheirprograms.51、d)therapidtechnologicalprogressinaveryshortperiodoftime52、B)Thepopularizationofsmarthomes53、B)gainautomaticcontroloftheirbusinesses54、A)Howtoturnittoprofitableuse55、A)itisfeasiblewithaconnectiontotheinternet56/57.PartIVTranslation3,205metersabove(the)sealevel,Qinghailakeislocatedabout100kilometerswestofXining,capitalofQinghaiprovinceinwesternchina.Qinghailake,thelargestsalinelakeinthecountry,hasasurfaceareaof4.317squarekilometerswithamaximumdepthof25.5meters.Mostofthe23riversandstreamsthatemptyintoQinghailakeareseasonal.fivemajorstreamsprovide80%ofthelakestotalinflux.locatedathecrossroadsofseveralbirdmigrationroutesacrossAsia,Qinghailakeoffersmanyspeciesanintermediatestopduringtheirmigration.Onthewesternsideofthelakearethewell-known"BirdIslandswhichattractbirdwatchersfromacrosstheglobe.everysummerseesnumerousvisitorscomeheretowatchtheQinghailakeInternationalCyclingRace.57/57',)