2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)

('第1页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(三套全)目录2018年6月大学生英语四级真题试题一(完整版)............................................................................................................1答案....................................................................................................................................................................................152018年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷二(完整版)..........................................................................................................16答案....................................................................................................................................................................................302018年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷三(完整版)..........................................................................................................31答案....................................................................................................................................................................................402017年12月大学英语四级真题试题一(完整版)............................................................................................................41答案....................................................................................................................................................................................552017年12月大学英语四级真题试题二(完整版)............................................................................................................55答案....................................................................................................................................................................................642017年12月大学英语四级真题试题三(完整版)............................................................................................................64答案....................................................................................................................................................................................742017年6月大学英语四级真题试题一(完整版)..............................................................................................................75答案....................................................................................................................................................................................882017年6月大学英语四级真题试卷二(完整版)..............................................................................................................89答案..................................................................................................................................................................................1022017年6月大学英语四级真题试卷三(完整版)............................................................................................................102答案..................................................................................................................................................................................1112016年12月大学英语四级考试真题试卷一(完整版)..................................................................................................111答案..................................................................................................................................................................................1252016年12月大学英语四级考试真题试卷二(完整版)..................................................................................................125答案..................................................................................................................................................................................1392016年12月大学英语四级考试真题试卷三(完整版)..................................................................................................139答案..................................................................................................................................................................................148大学生英语四级真题试题一(完整版)PartIWriting(30minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanashorteasyontheimportanceofspeakingabilityandhowtodevelopit.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandquestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearquestions,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmark2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第2页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)thecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。Questions1to2arebasedonthenewreportyouhavejustheard.1.A)Thereturnofabottledmessagetoitsowner\'sdaughter.B)ANewHampshireman\'sjokewithfriendsonhiswife.C)Afather\'smessageforhisdaughter.D)Thehistoryofacentury-oldmotel.2.A)Shewantedtoshowgratitudeforhiskindness.B)Shewantedtohonorherfather\'spromise.C)Shehadbeenaskedbyherfathertodoso.D)Shewasexcitedtoseeherfather\'shandwriting.Questions3to4arebasedonthenewreportyouhavejustheard。3.A)Peoplewereconcernedaboutthenumberofbees.B)SeveralcasesofZikadiseasehadbeenidentified.C)Twomillionbeeswereinfectedwithdisease.D)Zikavirushaddestroyedsomebeefarms.4.A)Itapologizedtoitscustomers.B)Itwasforcedtokillitsbees.C)Itlostahugestockofbees.D)Itlost2.5milliondollars.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewreportyouhavejustheard.5.A)Itstayedintheairforabouttwohours.B)Ittookoffandlandedonafootballfield.C)Itprovedtobeofhighcommercialvalue.D)Itmadeaseriesofsharpturnsinthesky.6.A)Engineeringproblems.C)Inadequatefunding.B)Theairpollutionitproduced.D)Theoppositionfromthemilitary.7.A)Itusesthelatestaviationtechnology.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第3页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)B)Itfliesfasterthanacommercialjet.C)Itisasafermeansoftransportation.D)Itismoreenvironmentallyfriendly.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)Itseemsadepressingtopic.B)Itsoundsquitealarming.C)Ithaslittleimpactonourdailylife.D)Itisgettingmoreseriousthesedays.9.A)Themandoesn\'tunderstandSpanish.B)Thewomandoesn\'treallylikedancing.C)Theydon\'twantsomethingtoonoisy.D)Theycan\'tmakeittothetheatreintime.10.A)ItwouldbemorefunwithoutMr.Whiteheadhosting.B)Ithastoomanyactstoholdtheaudience’sattention.C)Itisthemostamusingshowhehaseverwatched.D)Itisashowinappropriateforanightofcharity.11.A)Watchacomedy.C)Booktheticketsonline.B)Goandseethedance.D)Seeafilmwiththeman.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Mostofherschoolmatesareyoungerthansheis.B)Shesimplyhasnoideawhatschooltotransferto.C)Therearetoomanyactivitiesforhertocopewith.D)Sheworriesshewon\'tfitinasatransferstudent.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第4页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)13.A)Seekadvicefromseniorstudents.B)Pickupsomemeaningfulhobbies.C)Participateinafter-schoolactivities.D)Lookintowhattheschooloffers.14.A)Giveherhelpwheneversheneedsit.B)Acceptherasatransferstudent.C)Findheraccommodationoncampus.D)Introducehertoherroommates.15.A)ShehasinterestssimilartoMr.Lee\'s.B)ShehasbecomefriendswithCatherine.C)ShehaschosenthemajorCatherinehas.D)Shehasjusttransferredtothecollege.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Toinvestigatehowbeingoverweightimpactsonhealth.B)Tofindoutwhichphysicaldriveisthemostpowerful.C)Todiscoverwhatmostmiceliketoeat.D)Todeterminewhatfeelingsmicehave.17.A)Whentheyarehungry.C)Whentheysmellfood.B)Whentheyarethirsty.D)Whentheywantcompany.18.A)Theysearchforfoodingroups.B)Theyareoverweightwhenfoodisplenty.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第5页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)C)Theyprefertobewithothermice.D)Theyenjoythecompanyofotheranimals.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)ItsconstructionstartedbeforeWorldWarI.B)Itsconstructioncostmorethan$40billion.C)Itisefficientlyusedfortransport.D)Itisoneofthebestintheworld.20.A)Toimprovetransportationinthecountryside.B)Tomovetroopsquicklyfromplacetoplace.C)Toenablepeopletotravelatahigherspeed.D)Tospeedupthetransportationofgoods.21.A)Inthe1970s.C)Inthe1950s.B)Inthe1960s.D)Inthe1940s.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)Chattingwhiledriving.B)Messagingwhiledriving.C)Drivingunderage.D)Speedingonhighways.23.A)Agadgettoholdaphoneonthesteeringwheel.B)Agadgettochargethephoneinacar.C)Adevicetocontrolthespeedofavehicle.D)Adevicetoensurepeopledrivewithbothhands.24.A)Thecarkeepsflashingitsheadlights.B)Thecarslowsdowngraduallytoahalt.C)Theyarealertedwithalightandasound.D)Theygetawarningontheirsmartphone.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第6页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)25.A)Installingacamera.C)Checkingtheiremails.B)Usingaconnectedapp.D)Keepingadailyrecord.PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices,Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AnofficetoweronMillerStreetinManchesteriscompletelycoveredinsolarpanels.Theyareusedtocreatesomeoftheenergyusedbytheinsurancecompanyinside.Whenthetowerwasfirst(26)_______in1962，itwascoveredwiththinsquarestones.Thesesmallsquarestonesbecameaproblemforthebuildingandcontinuedtofalloffthefacefor40yearsuntilamajorrenovationwas(27)_______.Duringthisrenovationthebuilding\'sowners,CIS，(28)_______thesolarpanelcompany,Solarcentury.Theyagreedtocovertheentirebuildinginsolarpanels.In2004，thecompletedCIStowerbecameEurope\'slargest(29)_______ofverticalsolarpanels.Averticalsolarprojectonsuchalarge(30)_______hasneverbeenrepeatedsince.Coveringaskyscraperwithsolarpanelshadneverbeendonebefore,andtheCIStowerwaschosenasoneofthe“10bestgreenenergyprojects”.Foralongtimeafterthisrenovationproject,itwasthetallestbuildingintheUnitedKingdom,butitwas(31)_______overtakenbytheMillbankTower.Greenbuildingslikethisaren\'t(32)_______cost-efficientfortheinvestor,butitdoesproducemuchlesspollutionthanthatcausedbyenergy(33)_______throughfossilfuels.Assolarpanelsget(34)_______，theworldislikelytoseemoreskyscraperscoveredinsolarpanels，collectingenergymuchliketreesdo.Imagineaworldwherebuildingthetallestskyscraperwasn\'taraceof(35)_______，butratheronetocollectthemostsolarenergy.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A)cheaperB)cleanerC)collectionD)competedE)constructedF)consultedG)dimensionH)discovered2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第7页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)I)eventuallyJ)heightK)necessarilyL)productionM)rangeN)scaleO)undertakenSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.AsTouristsCrowdOutLocals,VeniceFaces“Endangered”List[A]Onarecentfallmorning,alargecrowdblockedthestepsatoneofVenice\'smaintouristsites,theRialtoBridge.TheRialtoBridgeisoneofthefourbridgesspanningtheGrandCanal.Itistheoldestbridgeacrossthecanal,andwasthedividinglinebetweenthedistrictsofSanMarcoandSanPolo.Butonthisday,therewasatwist：itwasfilledwithVenetians,nottourists.[B]“Peoplearecheeringandholdingtheircartsintheair,saysGiovanniGiorgio,whohelpedorganizethemarchwithagrass-rootsorganizationcalledGenerazione’90.Thecartshereferstoaresmallshoppingcarts—thesymbolofatrueVenetian.“Itstartedasajoke,”hesayswithalaugh.“Theideawastoputbladesonthewheels!Youknow?LikeBenHur.Preciselylikethat,youjustgoaroundandrunpeopledown.\'\'[C]Veniceisoneofthehottesttouristdestinationsintheworld.Butthat\'saproblem.Upto90,000touristscrowditsstreetsandcanalseveryday—faroutnumberingthe55,000permanentresidents.Thetouristincreaseisonekeyreasonthecity\'spopulationisdownfrom175,000inthe1950s.TheoutnumberedVenetianshavebeensteadilyfleeing.Andthosewhostickaroundaretiredoflivinginaplacewheretheycan\'tevengettothemarketwithoutswimmingthroughaseaofpicture-snappingtourists.Imagine,navigatingthrough50,000peoplewhileonthewaytoschoolortowork.[D]LauraChigi,agrandmotheratthemarch,saysthelocalandnationalgovernmentshavefailedtodoanythingaboutthecrowdsfordecades,becausethey\'reonlyinterestedintourism—theprimaryindustryinVenice,worthmorethan$3billionin2015.“Veniceisacashcow,”shesays,“and2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第8页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)everyonewantsapiece.\'\'[E]JustbeyondSt.Mark’sSquare,acruiseshippasses,oneofhundredseveryyearthatappearovertheirmedieval(中世纪的）surroundings.Theirmassivewakecreatswavesatthebottomofthesea,weakeningthefoundationsofthecenturies-oldbuildingsthemselves.“EverytimeIseeacruiseship,Ifeelsad,”Chigisays.“Youseethemuditdrags；thedestructionitleavesinitswake?Thathurtstheancientwoodenpolesholdingupthecityunderwater.Onedaywe\'11seeVenicebreakdown.”[F]Foratime,UNESCO,theculturalwingoftheUnitedNations,seemedtoagree.Twoyearsago,itputItalyonnotice,sayingthegovernmentwasnotprotectingVenice.UNESCOconsiderstheentirecityaWorldHeritageSite,agreathonorthatmeansVenice,attheculturallevel,belongstoalloftheworld\'speople.In2014,UNESCOgaveItalytwoyearstomanageVenice,sflourishingtourismorthecitywouldbeplacedonanotherlist—WorldHeritageInDanger,joiningsuchsitesasAleppoandPalmyra,destroyedbythewarinSyria.[G]Venice\'sdeadlinepassedwithbarelyamurmur(嘟哝)thissummer,justasUNESCOwasmeetinginIstanbul.Onlyonerepresentative,JadTabetfromLebanon,triedtoraisetheissue.“Forseveralyears,thesituationofheritageinVenicehasbeenworsening,andithasnowreachedadramaticsituation,”TabettoldUNESCO.“Wehavetoactquickly,thereisnotamomenttowaste.\'\'[H]ButUNESCOdidn\'tevenholdavote.“It\'sbeenpostponeduntil2017，\'\'saysAnnaSomers,thefounderandCEOofTheArtNewspaperandtheformerheadofVeniceinPeril,agroupdevotedtorestoringVenetianart.ShesaysthemainreasontheU.N.culturalorganizationdidn\'tvotetodeclareVeniceaWorldHeritageSiteInDangerisbecauseUNESCOhasbecome“intenselypoliticized.Therewouldhavebeensomeback-roomnegotiations.[I]ItalyboastsmoreUNESCOWorldHeritageSitesthananyothercountryintheworld,grantingitconsiderablepowerandinfluencewithintheorganization.TheformerheadoftheUNESCOWorldHeritageCentre,whichoverseesheritagesites,isFrancescoBandarin,aVenetianwhonowservesasUNESCO\'sassistantdirector-generalforculture.[J]Earlierthisyear,ItalysignedanaccordwithUNESCOtoestablishataskforceofpoliceartdetectivesandarchaeologists(考古学家）toprotectculturalheritagefromnaturaldisastersandterrorgroups,suchasISIS.TheaccordunderlinedItaly\'sglobalreputationasagoodstewardofartandculture.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第9页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)[K]ButaddingVenicetotheUNESCOendangeredlist—whichisdominatedbysitesindevelopingandconflict-riddencountries—wouldbeaninternationalembarrassment,andcouldevenhurtItaly\'sprofitabletourismindustry.TheItalianCultureMinistrysaysitisunawareofanygovernmenteffortstopressureUNESCO.Asfortheorganizationitself,itdeclinedarequestforaninterview.[L]Thecity\'scurrentmayor,LuigiBrugnaro,hasridiculedUNESCOandtoldittominditsownbusiness,whilecontinuingtosupportthecruiseshipindustry,whichemploys5,000Veniceresidents.[M]AsforVenetians,they\'rebeyondfrustratedandhopingforasolutionsoon.“It\'sanightmareforme.Somesituationsarereallydifficultwithtouristsaround，”saysGiorgioashenavigatesaroundaswellingcrowdattheRialtoBridge.“Therearejustsomanyofthem.Theyneverknowwheretheyaregoing,anddonotwalkinanorderlymanner.Navigatingthestreetscanbeexhausting.”[N]Thenithitshim:Thiscrowdisn’tmadeupoftourists.They\'reVenetians.Giorgiosayshe’sneverexperiencedtheRialtoBridgethiswayinallhis22years.“Foronce,wearetheoneswhoareblockingthetraffic，”hesaysdelightedly.“Itfeelsunreal.Itfeelslikewe\'resomeformofendangeredspecies.It\'sjustnice.Thefeelingisjustpure.nBut,heworries,iftourismisn\'tmanagedandhisfellowlocalscontinuetomovetothemainland,hisgenerationmightbethelastwhocancallthemselvesnativeVenetians.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。36.ThepassingcruiseshipswillunderminethefoundationsoftheancientbuildingsinVenice.37.TheItaliangovernmenthasjustreachedanagreementwithUNESCOtotakemeasurestoprotectitsculturalheritage.38.TheheritagesituationinVenicehasbeendeterioratinginthepastfewyears.39.ThedecreaseinthenumberofpermanentresidentsinVeniceismainlyduetotheincreaseoftourists.40.Iftourismgetsoutofcontrol,nativeVenetiansmaydesertthecityaltogetheroneday.41.UNESCOurgedtheItaliangovernmenttoundertakeitsresponsibilitytoprotectVenice.42.TheparticipantsintheVenetianmarchusedshoppingcartstoshowtheywere100%localresidents.43.IgnoringUNESCO\'swarning,themayorofVenicemaintainshissupportofthecity\'stourismindustry.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第10页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)44.OnewomansaysthatfordecadestheItaliangovernmentandlocalauthoritieshaveonlyfocusedontherevenuesfromtourism.45.UNESCOhasnotyetdecidedtoputVeniceonthelistofWorldHeritageSitesInDanger.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Losingyourabilitytothinkandrememberisprettyscary.Weknowtheriskofdementia(痴呆症)increaseswithage.Butifyouhavememoryslips,youprobablyneedn\'tworry.Thereareprettycleardifferencesbetweensignsofdementiaandage-relatedmemoryloss.Afterage50，it\'squitecommontohavetroublerememberingthenamesofpeople,placesandthingsquickly,saysDr.KirkDaffnerofBrighamandWomen\'sHospitalinBoston.Thebrainagesjustliketherestofthebody.Certainpartsshrink,especiallyareasinthebrainthatareimportanttolearning,memoryandplanning.Changesinbraincellscanaffectcommunicationbetweendifferentregionsofthebrain.Andbloodflowcanbereducedasbloodvesselsnarrow.Forgettingthenameofanactorinafavoritemovie,forexample,isnothingtoworryabout.Butifyouforgettheplotofthemovieordon\'trememberevenseeingit,that\'sfarmoreconcerning,Daffnersays.Whenyouforgetentireexperiences,hesays,that\'s“aredflagthatsomethingmoreseriousmaybeinvolved”.Forgettinghowtooperateafamiliarobjectlikeamicrowaveoven,orforgettinghowtodrivetothehouseofafriendyou\'vevisitedmanytimesbeforecanalsobesignsofsomethinggoingwrong.Buteventhen,Daffnersays,peopleshouldn\'tpanic.Therearemanythingsthatcancauseconfusionandmemoryloss,includinghealthproblemsliketemporarystoppageofbreathingduringsleep,highbloodpressure,ordepression,aswellasmedications(药物)likeantidepressants.Youdon\'thavetofigurethisoutonyourown.Daffnersuggestsgoingtoyourdoctortocheckonmedications,healthproblemsandotherissuesthatcouldbeaffectingmemory.Andthebestdefenseagainstmemorylossistotrytopreventitbybuildingupyourbrain\'scognitive(认知的）reserve,Daffnersays.“Readbooks,gotomovies,takeonnewhobbiesoractivitiesthatforceonetothinkinnovelways,”2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第11页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)hesays.Inotherwords,keepyourbrainbusyandworking.Andalsogetphysicallyactive,becauseexerciseisaknownbrainbooster.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。46.Whydoestheauthorsaythatoneneedn\'tbeconcernedaboutmemoryslips?A)Notallofthemaresymptomsofdementia.B)Theyoccuronlyamongcertaingroupsofpeople.C)Notallofthemarerelatedtoone\'sage.D)Theyarequitecommonamongfifty-year-olds.47.Whathappensaswebecomeagedaccordingtothepassage?A)Ourinteractionskillsdeteriorate.B)Somepartsofourbrainstopfunctioning.C)Communicationwithinourbrainweakens.D)Ourwholebrainstartsshrinking.48.Whichmemory-relatedsymptomshouldpeopletakeseriously?A)Totallyforgettinghowtodoone\'sdailyroutines.B)Inabilitytorecalldetailsofone\'slifeexperiences.C)Failuretorememberthenamesofmoviesoractors.D)Occasionallyconfusingtheaddressesofone\'sfriends.49.Whatshouldpeopledowhensignsofseriousmemorylossshowup?A)Checkthebrain\'scognitivereserve.B)Stopmedicationsaffectingmemory.C)Turntoaprofessionalforassistance.D)Exercisetoimprovetheirwell-being.50.WhatisDr.Daffner\'sadviceforcombatingmemoryloss?A)Havingregularphysicalandmentalcheckups.B)Takingmedicinethathelpsboostone\'sbrain.C)Engaginginknownmemoryrepairactivities.D)Stayingactivebothphysicallyandmentally.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第12页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AletterwrittenbyCharlesDarwinin1875hasbeenreturnedtotheSmithsonianInstitutionArchives(档案馆）bytheFBIafterbeingstolentwice.“Werealizedinthemid-1970sthatitwasmissing，”saysEffieKapsalis,headoftheSmithsonianInstitutionArchives.“Itwasnotedasmissingandlikelytakenbyanintern(实习生），fromwhattheFBIistellingus.Wordgotoutthatitwasmissingwhensomeoneaskedtoseetheletterforresearchpurposes,”andtheinternputtheletterback.“Theinternlikelytooktheletteragainoncenobodywaswatchingit.”Decadespassed.Finally,theFBIreceivedatipthatthestolendocumentwaslocatedveryclosetoWashington,D.C.Theirartcrimeteamrecoveredtheletterbutwereunabletopresschargesbecausethetimeoflimitationshadended.TheFBIworkedcloselywiththeArchivestodeterminethattheletterwasbothauthenticanddefinitelySmithsonian\'sproperty.TheletterwaswrittenbyDarwintothankanAmericangeologist,Dr.FerdinandVandeveerHayden,forsendinghimcopiesofhisresearchintothegeologyoftheregionthatwouldbecomeYellowstoneNationalPark.Theletterisinfairlygoodcondition，inspiteofbeingoutofthecareoftrainedmuseumstaffforsolong.“Itwasluckilyingoodshape,\'\'saysKapsalis.“andwejusthavetodosomeminorthingsinordertobeabletounfoldit.Ithassomeglueonitthathascoloreditslightly,butnothingthatwillpreventusfromusingit.Afteritisrepaired,wewilltakedigitalphotosofitandthatwillbeavailableonline.Oneofourgoalsistogetitemsofhighresearchvalueorinteresttothepubliconline.”Itwouldnowbedifficultforanintern,visitororathieftostealadocumentlikethis.“Archivingpracticeshavechangedgreatlysincethe1970s，\'\'saysKapsalis,“andwekeepourhighvaluedocumentsinasafethatIdon\'tevenhaveaccessto.\'\'注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。51.WhathappenedtoDarwin\'sletterinthe1970s?A)ItwasrecoveredbytheFBI.B)Itwasstolenmorethanonce.C)Itwasputinthearchivesforresearchpurposes.D)ItwaspurchasedbytheSmithsonianArchives.52.WhatdidtheFBIdoaftertherecoveryoftheletter?2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第13页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)A)Theyproveditsauthenticity.B)Theykeptitinaspecialsafe.C)Theyarrestedthesuspectimmediately.D)Theypressedcriminalchargesinvain.53.WhatisDarwin\'sletterabout?A)TheevolutionofYellowstoneNationalPark.B)HiscooperationwithanAmericangeologist.C)Somegeologicalevidencesupportinghistheory.D)Hisacknowledgementofhelpfromaprofessional.54.WhatwilltheSmithsonianInstitutionArchivesdowiththeletteraccordingtoKapsalis?A)Reserveitforresearchpurposesonly.B)Turnitintoanobjectofhighinterest.C)Keepitapermanentsecret.D)Makeitavailableonline.55.WhathasthepasthalfcenturywitnessedaccordingtoKapsalis?A)Growinginterestinrareartobjects.B)Radicalchangesinarchivingpractices.C)Recoveryofvariousmissingdocuments.D)Increasesinthevalueofmuseumexhibits.PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.近年来，中国有越来越多的城市开始建设地铁。发展地铁有助于减少城市的交通拥堵和空气污染。地铁具有安全、快捷和舒适的优点。越来越多的人选择地铁作为每天上班或上学的主要交通工具。如今，在中国乘坐地铁正变得越来越方便。在有些城市里，乘客只需用卡或手机就可以乘坐地铁。许多当地老年市民还可以免费乘坐地铁。注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第14页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)答案12345678910111213141516171819202122232425ABBCACDADCBDCADBACDBABDCB26272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950EOFMNIKLAJEJGCNFBLDHACACD5152535455BADDB2018年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷二(完整版)PartIWriting(30minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanashorteasyontheimportanceofspeakingabilityandhowtodevelopit.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandquestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearquestions,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。Questions1to2arebasedonthenewreportyouhavejustheard.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第15页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)1.A)Annoyed.C)Confused.B)Scared.D)Offended.2.A)Itcrawledoverthewoman’shands.B)Itwounduponthesteeringwheel.C)Itwaskilledbythepoliceonthespot.D)Itwascoveredwithlargescales.Questions3to4arebasedonthenewreportyouhavejustheard.3.A)Astudyofthefast-foodservice.B)Fastfoodcustomersatisfaction.C)McDonald’snewbusinessstrategies.D)Competitioninthefast-foodindustry.4.A)Customers\'higherdemands.B)Theinefficiencyofemployees.C)Increasedvarietyofproducts.D)Therisingnumberofcustomers.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewreportyouhavejustheard.5.A)Internationaltreatiesregardingspacetravelprograms.B)Legalissuesinvolvedincommercialspaceexploration.C)U.S.government’sapprovalofprivatespacemissions.D)Competitionamongpublicandprivatespacecompanies.6.A)Deliverscientificequipmenttothemoon.B)Approveanewmissiontotravelintoouterspace.C)Workwithfederalagenciesonspaceprograms.D)LaunchamannedspacecrafttoMars.7.A)Itissignificant.B)Itispromising.C)Itisunpredictable.D)Itisunprofitable.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第16页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard。8.A)VisitingherfamilyinThailand.B)ShowingfriendsaroundPhuket.C)SwimmingaroundaThaiisland.D)LyinginthesunonaThaibeach.9.A)ShevisitedaThaiorphanage.B)ShemetaThaigirl’sparents.C)ShelearnedsomeThaiwords.D)ShesunbathedonaThaibeach.10.A)Hisclasswillstartinaminute.B)Hehasgotanincomingphonecall.C)Someoneisknockingathisdoor.D)Hisphoneisrunningoutofpower.11.A)HeisinterestedinThaiartworks.B)HeisgoingtoopenasouvenirshopC)Hecollectsthingsfromdifferentcountries.D)HewantstoknowmoreaboutThaiculture.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第17页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)12.A)Buyingsomefitnessequipmentforthenewgym.B)Openingagymandbecomingpersonaltrainers.C)Signingupforaweight-losscourse.D)Tryingoutanewgymintown.13.A)Professionalpersonaltraining.B)Freeexerciseforthefirstweek.C)Adiscountforahalf-yearmembership.D)Additionalbenefitsforyoungcouples.14.A)Thesafetyofweight-lifting.B)Thehighmembershipfee.C)Therenewalofhismembership.D)Theoperationoffitnessequipment.15.A)Shewantsherinvitationrenewed.B)Sheusedtodo200sit-upseveryday.C)Sheknowsthebasicsofweight-lifting.D)Sheusedtobethegym’spersonaltrainer.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Theytendtobenervousduringinterviews.B)Theyoftenapplyforanumberofpositions.C)Theyworryabouttheresultsoftheirapplications.D)Theysearchextensivelyforemployers\'information.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第18页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)17.A)Getbetterorganized.B)Edittheirreferences.C)Findbetter-paidjobs.D)Analyzethesearchingprocess.18.A)Providetheirdataindetail.C)Makeuseofbettersearchengines.B)Personalizeeachapplication.D)Applyformorepromisingpositions.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)Ifkidsdidnotlikeschool,reallearningwouldnottakeplace.B)Ifnotforcedtogotoschool,kidswouldbeoutinthestreets.C)Ifschoolsstayedthewaytheyare,parentsweresuretoprotest.D)Ifteachingfailedtoimprove,kidswouldstayawayfromschool.20.A)Allowthemtoplayinterestinggamesinclass.B)Trytostiruptheirinterestinlabexperiments.C)Letthemstayhomeandlearnfromtheirparents.D)Designactivitiestheynowenjoydoingonholidays.21.A)Allowkidstolearnattheirownpace.B)Encouragekidstolearnfromeachother.C)Organizekidsintovariousinterestgroups.D)Takekidsoutofschooltolearnatfirsthand.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)ItisespeciallypopularinFloridaandAlaska.B)Itisamajorsocialactivityamongtheyoung.C)Itisseenalmostanywhereandonanyoccasion.D)Itisevenmoreexpressivethanthewrittenword.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第19页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)23.A)ItislocatedinabigcityinIowa.B)Itisreallymarveloustolookat.C)Itoffersfreedanceclassestoseniors.D)Itofferspeopleachancetosocialize.24.A)Theirstateofmindimproved.C)Theyenjoyedbetterhealth.B)Theybecamebetterdancers.D)Theirrelationshipstrengthened.25.A)Itisfun.C)Itisexhausting.B)Itislife.D)Itisrhythmical.PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices,Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Neon(霓虹)istoHongKongasredphoneboothsaretoLondonandfogistoSanFrancisco.Whennightfalls,redandblueandothercolors(26)_______ahazy(雾蒙蒙的）glowoveracitylitupbytensofthousandsofneonsigns.Butmanyofthemaregoingdark,(27)_______bymorepractical,butlessromantic,LEDs(发光二极管）.Changingbuildingcodes,evolvingtastes,andthehighcostofmaintainingthosewonderfuloldsignshavebusinessesembracingLEDs,whichareenergy(28)_______,butstillcarrygreatcost.‘‘Tome，neonrepresentsmemoriesofthepast,”saysphotographerSharonBlance,whoseseriesHongKongNeoncelebratesthecity\'sfamoussigns.LookingatthesignsnowIgetafeelingofamazement,mixedwithsadness.\'\'2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第20页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)Buildinganeonsignisanartpracticedby(29)_______trainedonthejobtomoldglasstubesinto(30)_______shapesandletters.Theyfillthesetubeswithgasesthatglowwhen(31)_______.Neonmakesorange,whileothergasesmakeyelloworblue.Ittakesmanyhourstocraftasinglesign.BlancespentaweekinHongKongand(32)_______morethan60signs；22ofthemappearintheseriesthatcapturethesignslightinguplonelystreets—an(33)_______thatmakesiteasytoadmiretheircolorsandcraftsmanship.“Ilovethebeautiful,handcrafted,old-fashioned(34)_______ofneon,”saysBlance.Thesignsdonothingmorethan(35)_______arestaurant,theater,orotherbusiness,butdosointhemoststrikingwaypossible.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A)alternativeB)approachC)castD)challengingE)decorativeF)efficientG)electrifiedH)identifyI)photographedJ)professionalsK)qualityL)replacedM)stimulateN)symbolizesO)volunteersSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.NewJerseySchoolDistrictEasesPressureonStudents,BaringanEthnicDivide[A]Thisfall,DavidAderhold,thechiefofahigh-achievingschooldistrictnearPrinceton，NewJersey，sentparentsanalarming16-pageletter.Theschooldistrict,hesaid,wasfacingacrisis.Itsstudentswereoverburdenedandstressedout,havingtocopewithtoomuchworkandtoomanydemands.Inthepreviousschoolyear,120middleandhighschoolstudentswererecommendedformentalhealthassessmentsand40werehospitalized.Andonasurveyadministeredbythedistrict,studentswrotethingslike,“Ihategoingtoschool，”and“Comingoutof12yearsinthisdistrict,Ihavelearnedonething:thatagrade,apercentageorevenapointistobevaluedoveranythingelse.”[B]Withhisletter,AderholdinsertedWestWindsor-PlainsboroRegionalSchoolDistrictintoanationaldiscussionabouttheintensefocusonachievementateliteschools,andwhetherithasgonetoofar.Atfollow-upmeetings,heurgedparentstojoinhiminadvocatingawholechild”approachtoschooling2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第21页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)thatrespects“social-emotionaldevelopment”and“deepandmeaningfullearning”overacademicsalone.Thealternative,hesuggested,wastofacetheprospectofbecominganotherPaloAlto,California,whereoutsizestressonteenagestudentsisbelievedtohavecontributedtoanumberofsuicidesinthelastsixyears.[C]Butinsteadofbringingfamiliestogether,Aderhold\'sletterrevealedadivideinthedistrict,whichhas9,700students,andonethatbrokedownroughlyalongraciallines.OnonesidearewhiteparentslikeCatherineFoley,aformerpresidentoftheParent-Teacher-StudentAssociationatherdaughter\'smiddleschool,whohascometoseethedistrict\'sincreasinglypressuredatmosphereasopposedtolearning.“Mysonwasinfourthgradeandtoldme,‘I\'mnotgoingtoamounttoanythingbecauseIhavenothingtoputonmyresume，”shesaid.OntheothersideareparentslikeMikeJia,oneofthethousandsofAsian-Americanprofessionalswhohavemovedtothedistrictinthepastdecade,whosaidAderhold’sreformswouldamounttoa“dumbingdown”ofhischildren\'seducation.“Whatishappeningherereflectsanationalanti-intellectualtrendthatwillnotprepareourchildrenforthefuture，\'\'Jiasaid.[D]About10minutesfromPrincetonandanhourandahalffromNewYorkCity,WestWindsorandPlainsborohavebecomepopularbedroomcommunitiesfortechnologyentrepreneurs,researchersandengineers,drawninlargepartbythepublicschools.Fromthelastthreegraduatingclasses,16seniorswereadmittedtoMIT.ItproducesScienceOlympiadwinners,classicallytrainedmusiciansandstudentswithperfectSATscores.[E]ThedistricthasbecomeincreasinglypopularwithimmigrantfamiliesfromChina,IndiaandKorea.Thisyear,65percentofitsstudentsareAsian-American,comparedwith44percentin2007.ManyofthemarethefirstintheirfamiliesbornintheUnitedStates.Theyhavehadagrowinginfluenceonthedistrict.Asian-Americanparentsareenthusiasticsupportersofthecompetitiveinstrumentalmusicprogram.Theyhavebeenhugesupportersofthedistrict\'sadvancedmathematicsprogram,whichoncebeganinthefourthgradebutwillnowstartinthesixth.Thechangetotheprogram,inwhich90percentoftheparticipatingstudentsareAsian-American,isoneofAderhold\'sreforms.[F]Asian-Americanstudentshavebeeneagerparticipantsinastateprogramthatpermitsthemtotakesummerclassesoffcampusforhighschoolcredit,allowingthemtomaximizethenumberofhonorsandAdvancedPlacementclassestheycantake,anotherpracticethatAderholdislimitingthisschoolyear.WithmanyAsian-Americanchildrenattendingsupplementaryinstructionalprograms,thereisa2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第22页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)perceptionamongsomewhitefamiliesthattheelementaryschoolcurriculumisbeingspeduptoaccommodatethem.[G]BothAsian-Americanandwhitefamiliessaythetensionbetweenthetwogroupshasgrownsteadilyoverthepastfewyears,asthenumberofAsianfamilieshasrisen.ButthedivisionhasbecomemoreobviousinrecentmonthsasAderholdhasmadechanges,includingno-homeworknights,anendtohighschoolmidtermsandfinals,andaninitiativethatmadeiteasiertoparticipateinthemusicprogram.[H]JenniferLee,professorofsociologyattheUniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,andanauthorofTheAsianAmericanAchievementParadox,saysmisunderstandingsbetweenfirst-generationAsian-Americanparentsandthosewhohavebeeninthiscountrylongerarecommon.Whatwhitemiddle-classparentsdonotalwaysunderstand,shesaid,ishowmuchpressurerecentimmigrantsfeeltoboosttheirchildrenintothemiddleclass.“Theydon\'thavethesamechancestogettheirchildreninternships(实习职位）orjobsatlawfirms,”Leesaid.“Sowhattheybelieveisthattheirchildrenmustexcelandbeattheirwhitepeersinacademicsettingssotheyhavethesamechancestoexcellater.”[I]TheissueofthestressesfeltbystudentsineliteschooldistrictshasgainedattentioninrecentyearsasschoolsinplaceslikeNewton,Massachusetts,andPaloAltohavereportedanumberofsuicides.WestWindsor-Plainsborohasnothadateenagesuicideinrecentyears,butAderhold,whohasworkedinthedistrictforsevenyearsandbeenchiefforthelastthreeyears,saidhehadseentroublingsigns.Inarecentartassignment,amiddleschoolstudentdepicted(描绘）anoverburdenedchildwhowasbeingscoldedforearninganA,ratherthananA+,onamathexam.Intheimage,themotherscoldsthestudentwiththewords,“Shameonyou!”Further,hesaid,theNewJerseyEducationDepartmenthasflaggedatleasttwopiecesofwritingonstateEnglishlanguageassessmentsinwhichstudentsexpressedsuicidalthoughts.[J]Thesurveycommissionedbythedistrictfoundthat68percentofhighschoolhonorandAdvancedPlacementstudentsreportedfeelingstressedaboutschool“alwaysormostofthetime”.“Weneedtobringbacksomebalance,”Aderholdsaid.“Youdon\'twanttowaituntilit\'stoolatetodosomething.\'\'[K]Notallpublicopinionhasfallenalongraciallines.KarenSue,theChinese-Americanmotherofafifth-graderandaneighth-grader,believesthecompetitionwithinthedistricthasgottenoutofcontrol.Sue,whowasbornintheUnitedStatestoimmigrantparents,wantsherpeerstodialitback.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第23页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)“It\'sbecomeanarmsrace,aneducationalarmsrace,”shesaid.“Weallwantourkidstoachieveandbesuccessful.Thequestionis,atwhatcost?”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。36.Aderholdislimitingtheextraclassesthatstudentsareallowedtotakeoffcampus.37.WhiteandAsian-AmericanparentsrespondeddifferentlytoAderhold\'sappeal.38.Suicidalthoughtshaveappearedinsomestudents\'writings.39.Aderhold\'sreformoftheadvancedmathematicsprogramwillaffectAsian-Americanstudentsmost.40.Aderholdappealedforparents\'supportinpromotinganall-rounddevelopmentofchildren,insteadoffocusingonlyontheiracademicperformance.41.OneChinese-Americanparentthinksthecompetitioninthedistricthasgonetoofar.42.Immigrantparentsbelievethatacademicexcellencewillallowtheirchildrenequalchancestosucceedinthefuture.43.ManybusinessmenandprofessionalshavemovedtoWestWindsorandPlainsborobecauseofthepublicschoolsthere.44.AnumberofstudentsinAderhold\'sschooldistrictwerefoundtohavestress-inducedmentalhealthproblems.45.ThetensionbetweenAsian-Americanandwhitefamilieshasincreasedinrecentyears.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Livinginanurbanareawithgreenspaceshasalong-lastingpositiveimpactonpeople\'smentalwellbeing,astudyhassuggested.UKresearchersfoundmovingtoagreenspacehadasustainedpositiveeffect,unlikepayrisesorpromotions,whichonlyprovidedashort-termboost.Co-authorMathewWhite,fromtheUniversityofExeter,UK,explainedthatthestudyshowedpeoplelivingingreenerurbanareas2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第24页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)weredisplayingfewersignsofdepressionoranxiety.“Therecouldbeanumberofreasons,”hesaid,“forexample,peopledomanythingstomakethemselveshappier:theystriveforpromotionorpayrises,ortheygetmarried.Butthetroublewiththosethingsisthatwithinsixmonthstoayear,peoplearebacktotheiroriginalbaselinelevelsofwell-being.So,thesethingsarenotsustainable；theydon\'tmakeushappyinthelongterm.Wefoundthatforsomelottery(彩票）winnerswhohadwonmorethan£500,000thepositiveeffectwasdefinitelythere,butaftersixmonthstoayear,theywerebacktothebaseline.”Dr.Whitesaidhisteamwantedtoseewhetherlivingingreenerurbanareashadalastingpositiveeffectonpeople\'ssenseofwell-beingorwhethertheeffectalsodisappearedafteraperiodoftime.Todothis,theteamuseddatafromtheBritishHouseholdPanelSurveycompiledbytheUniversityofEssex.Explainingwhatthedatarevealed,hesaid:“Whatyouseeisthatevenafterthreeyears,mentalhealthisstillbetter,whichisunlikemanyotherthingsthatwethinkwillmakeushappy.”Heobservedthatpeoplelivingingreenspaceswerelessstressed,andlessstressedpeoplemademoresensibledecisionsandcommunicatedbetter.Withagrowingbodyofevidenceestablishingalinkbetweenurbangreenspacesandapositiveimpactonhumanwell-being,Dr.Whitesaid.There\'sgrowinginterestamongpublicpolicyofficials,butthetroubleiswhofundsit.Whatwereallyneedatapolicylevelistodecidewherethemoneywillcomefromtohelpsupportgoodqualitylocalgreenspaces.\'\'注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。46.Accordingtoonestudy,whatdogreenspacesdotopeople?A)Improvetheirworkefficiency.B)Addtotheirsustainedhappiness.C)Helpthembuildapositiveattitudetowardslife.D)Lessentheirconcernsaboutmaterialwell-being.47.WhatdoesDr.Whitesaypeopleusuallydotomakethemselveshappier?A)Earnmoremoney.B)Settleinanurbanarea.C)Gainfameandpopularity.D)Liveinagreenenvironment.48.WhatdoesDr.Whitetrytofindoutaboutlivinginagreenerurbanarea?A)Howitaffectsdifferentpeople.B)Howstrongitspositiveeffectis.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第25页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)C)Howlongitspositiveeffectlasts.D)Howitbenefitspeoplephysically..49.WhatdidDr.White\'sresearchrevealaboutpeoplelivinginagreenenvironment?A)Theirstresswasmoreapparentthanreal.B)Theirdecisionsrequiredlessdeliberation.C)Theirmemoriesweregreatlystrengthened.D)Theircommunicationwithothersimproved.50.AccordingtoDr.White,whatshouldthegovernmentdotobuildmoregreenspacesincities?A)Findfinancialsupport.B)Improveurbanplanning.C)Involvelocalresidentsintheeffort.D)Raisepublicawarenessoftheissue.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.YouprobablyknowabouttheTitanic,butitwasactuallyjustoneofthreestate-of-the-art(最先进的）oceanshipsbackintheday.TheOlympicclassshipswerebuiltbytheHarland&WolffshipmakersinNorthernIrelandfortheWhiteStarLinecompany.TheOlympicclassincludedtheOlympic,theBritannicandtheTitanic.WhatyoumaynotknowisthattheTitanicwasn\'teventheflagshipofthisclass.Allinall,theOlympicclassshipsweremarvelsofseaengineering,buttheyseemedcursedtosufferdisastrousfates.TheOlympiclaunchedfirstin1910,followedbytheTitanicin1911,andlastlytheBritannicin1914.Theshipshadninedecks,andWhiteStarLinedecidedtofocusonmakingthemthemostluxuriousshipsonthewater.Stretching269.13meters,theOlympicclassshipswerewondersofnavaltechnology,andeveryonethoughtthattheywouldcontinuetobesoforquitesometime.However,allsufferedterribleaccidentsontheopenseas.TheOlympicgotwreckedbeforetheTitanicdid，butitwastheonlyonetosurviveandmaintainasuccessfulcareerof24years.TheTitanicwasthefirsttosinkafterfamouslyhittingahugeicebergin1912.Followingthisdisaster,(heBritannichitanavalminein1916andsubsequentlysankaswell.Eachshipwascoal-poweredbyseveralboilersconstantlykeptrunningbyexhaustedcrewsbelowdeck.Mostrecognizableoftheshipdesignsaretheship\'ssmokestacks,butthefourthstackwasactuallyjustartisticinnatureandservednofunctionalpurpose.Whiletwooftheseshipssank,theywereall2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第26页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)designedwithdoublehulls(船体）believedtomakethem“unsinkable”，perhapsamistakenideathatledtotheTitanic’sandtheBritannic’stragicend.TheOlympicsufferedtwocrasheswithothershipsandwentontoserveasahospitalshipandtrooptransportinWorldWarI.Eventually,shewastakenoutofservicein1935，endingtheeraoftheluxuriousOlympicclassoceanliners.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。51.WhatdoesthepassagesayaboutthethreeOlympicclassships?A)Theyperformedmarvellouslyonthesea.B)Theycouldallbreaktheiceintheirway.C)Theyallexperiencedterriblemisfortunes.D)Theyweremodelsofmodernengineering.52.WhatdidWhiteStarLinehaveinmindwhenitpurchasedthethreeships?A)Theircapacityofsailingacrossallwaters.B)Theutmostcomfortpassengerscouldenjoy.C)Theirabilitytosurvivedisastersofanykind.D)Thelongvoyagestheywereabletoundertake.53.Whatissaidaboutthefourthstackoftheships?A)Itwasamerepieceofdecoration.B)Itwastheworkofafamousartist.C)Itwasdesignedtoletoutextrasmoke.D)Itwaseasilyidentifiablefromafar.54.WhatmighthaveledtothetragicendoftheTitanicandtheBritannic?A)Theirunscientificdesigns.B)Theircaptains\'misjudgment.C)Theassumptionthattheywerebuiltwiththelatesttechnology.D)Thebeliefthattheycouldneversinkwithadouble-layerbody.55.WhathappenedtotheshipOlympicintheend?A)Shewasusedtocarrytroops.B)ShewassunkinWorldWarI.C)Shewasconvertedintoahospitalship.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第27页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)D)Shewasretiredafterhernavalservice.PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.过去，乘飞机出行对大多数中国人来说是难以想象的。如今，随着经济的发展和生活水平的提高，越来越多的中国人包括许多农民和外出务工人员都能乘飞机出行。他们可以乘飞机到达所有大城市，还有很多城市也在筹建机场。航空服务不断改进，而且经常会有廉价机票。近年来，节假日期间选择乘飞机外出旅游的人数在不断增加。注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。答案12345678910111213141516171819202122232425BDACCABDADCDCACBABBDDCDAB26272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950CLFJEGIBKHFCIEBKHDAGBACDA5152535455CBADD2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第28页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)2018年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷三(完整版)PartIWriting(30minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanashorteasyontheimportanceofwritingabilityandhowtodevelopit.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)说明:2018年6月大学英语四级真题听力两套，本套听力内容与前两套重复，不在给出。PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices,Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Sincethe1940s,southernCaliforniahashadareputationforsmog.Thingsarenotasbadastheyoncewerebut,accordingtotheAmericanLungAssociation,LosAngelesisstilltheworstcityintheUnitedStatesforlevelsof(26)______.GazingdownonthecityfromtheGettyCenter,anartmuseumintheSantaMonicaMountains,onewouldfindtheviewofthePacificOceanblurredbythehaze(霾）.Noristhestate\'sbadair(27)_______toitssouth.Fresno,inthecentralvalley,comestopofthelistinAmericaforyear-roundpollution.Residents\'heartsandlungsareaffectedasa(28)_______.Allofwhich,combinedwithCalifornia\'sreputationasthehomeoftechnological(29)_______,makestheplaceidealfordevelopingandtestingsystemsdesignedtomonitorpollutionin(30)_______2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第29页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全).AndthatisjustwhatAclima,anewfirminSanFrancisco,hasbeendoingoverthepastfewmonths.Ithasbeentryingoutmonitoringstationsthatare(31)_______toyieldminute-to-minutemapsof(32)_______airpollution.Suchstationswillalsobeabletokeepaneyeonwhatishappeninginsidebuildings,includingoffices.Tothisend,Aclimahasbeen(33)_______withGoogle\'sStreetViewsystem.DavidaHerzl,Aclima\'sboss,saystheyhaverevealedpollutionhighsondayswhenSanFrancisco\'stransitworkerswentonstrikeandthecity\'s(34)_______wereforcedtousetheircars.Conversely,“cyclework”dayshavedonetotheirjobby(35)_______pollutionlows.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A)assistedB)collaboratingC)consequenceD）consumersE)creatingF)detailG)domesticH)frequentlyI)inhabitantsJ)innovationK)intendedL)outdoorM)pollutantsN)restrictedO)sumSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.SomeCollegeStudentsAreAngryThatTheyHavetoPaytoDoTheirHomework[A]Digitallearningsystemsnowchargestudentsforaccesscodesneededtocompletecoursework,takequizzes,andturninhomework.Asuniversitiesgodigital,studentsarecomplainingofanewhittotheirfinancesthat\'sreplacing一andsometimesjoining—expensivetextbooks:priceyonlineaccesscodesthatarerequiredtocompletecourseworkandsubmitassignments.[B]Thecodes—whichtypicallyrangeinpricefrom$80to$155percourse—givestudentsonlineaccesstosystemsdevelopedbyeducationcompanieslikeMcGrawHillandPearson.Thesecompanies,whichlongreapedbigprofitsastextbookpublishers,haveboastedthattheirnewonlineofferings，whenpushedtostudentsthroughuniversitiestheypartnerwith，representthefutureoftheindustry.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第30页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)[C]Butcriticssaythedigitalaccesscodesrepresentthesameprofit-seekingethos(观念)ofthetextbookbusiness,andareevenharderforstudentstooptoutof.Whiletheycouldoncebuysecond-handtextbooks,orsharecopieswithfriends,thedigitalsystemsareessentiallyimpossibletoavoid.[D]“Whenwetalkaboutaccesscodeweseeitasthenewfaceofthetextbookmonopoly(垄断），anewwaytolockstudentsaroundthissystem，”saidEthanSenack，thehighereducationadvocatefortheU.S.PublicInterestResearchGroup,toBuzzFeedNews.“Ratherthan$250(foraprinttextbook)you’repaying$120，”saidSenack.Butbecauseit’salldigitaliteliminatestheusedbookmarketandeliminatesanysharingandbecausehomeworkandtestsarethroughanaccesscode,iteliminatesanyabilitytooptout.[E]SannaHarper,a19-year-oldstudentatVirginiaTech,wasfacedwithatoughdilemmawhenshefirststartedcollegein2015—payrentorpaytoturninherchemistryhomework.ShetoldBuzzFeedNewsthatherfreshmanchemistryclassrequiredhertouseConnect,asystemprovidedbyMcGrawHillwherestudentscansubmithomework,takeexamsandtracktheirgrades.Butthecodetoaccesstheprogramcost$120—abigsumforHarper,whohadalreadyputdown$450fortextbooks,andhadrentdayapproaching.[F]Shedecidedtowaitforhernextwork-studypaycheck,whichwastypically$150-$200,topayforthecode.Sheknewthatherchemistrygrademaytakeadiveasaresult.“It\'sabalancingact,”shesaid.“CanIreallyaffordtheseaccesscodesnow?”Shedidn\'thandinherfirsttwoassignmentsforchemistry,whichstartedheroutintheclasswithafailinggrade.[G]Theaccesscodesmaybeanotherfinancialheadacheforstudents,butfortextbookbusinesses,they\'rethefuture.McGrawHill,whichcontrols21%ofthehighereducationmarket,reportedinMarchthatitsdigitalcontentsalesexceededprintsalesforthefirsttimein2015.Thecompanysaidthat45%ofits$140millionrevenuein2015“wasderivedfromdigitalproducts”.[H]APearsonspokespersontoldBuzzFeedNewsthat“digitalmaterialsarelessexpensiveandagoodinvestment”thatoffernewfeatures,likeaudiotexts,personalizedknowledgechecksandexpertvideos.Itsdigitalcoursematerialssavestudentsupto60%comparedtotraditionalprintedtextbooks,thecompanyadded.McGrawHilldidn\'trespondtoarequestforcomment,butitsCEODavidLevintoldtheFinancialTimesinAugustthat“inhighereducation,theeraoftheprintedtextbookisnowover”.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第31页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)[I]Thetextbookindustryinsiststheonlinesystemsrepresentabetterdealforstudents.“Thesedigitalproductsaren\'tjustmechanismsforstudentstosubmithomework,theyofferallkindsoffeatures,”DavidAnderson,theexecutivedirectorofhighereducationwiththeAssociationofAmericanPublishers,toldBuzzFeedNews.“Ithelpsstudentsunderstandinawaythatyoucan\'tdowithprinthomeworkassignments.”[J]DavidHunt,anassociateprofessorinsociologyatAugustaUniversity,whichhasrolledoutdigitaltextbooksacrossitsmathandpsychologydepartments,toldBuzzFeedNewsthatheunderstandstheutilityofusingsystemsthatrequireaccesscodes.Buthedoesn\'trequirehisstudentstobuyaccesstoalearningprogramthatcontrolstheclassassignments.“Itrytomakethingsasinexpensiveaspossible,”saidHunt,whousesfreedigitaltextbooksforhisclassesbutdesignshisowncurriculum.“TheonlinesystemsmaymakemylifealoteasierbutIfeellikeI\'mgivingupcontrol.Thediscussionsarethethingswheremyexpertisecanbenefitthestudentsmost.”K]A20-year-oldjunioratGeorgiaSouthernUniversitytoldBuzzFeedNewsthatshenormallyspends$500-$600onaccesscodesforclass.Inonecase,theprofessordidn\'trequirestudentstobuyatextbook,justanaccesscodetoturninhomework.Thisyearshesaidshespent$900onaccesscodestobooksandprograms.“That\'stwomonthsofrent,”shesaid.“Youcan\'tsellanyofitback.Withatraditionaltextbookyoucansellitfor$30-$50andthathelpstopayforyournewsemester\'sbooks.Withanaccesscode,you\'reoutofthatmoney.\'\'[L]BenjaminWolverton,a19-year-oldstudentattheUniversityofSouthCarolina,toldBuzzFeedNewsthat“it\'sridiculousthatafterpayingtensofthousandsintuitionwehavetopayforalltheseaccesscodestodoourhomework”.Manyoftheaccesscodeshe\'spurchasedhavebeenrequiredsimplytocompletehomeworkorquizzes.“Oftenit\'sonly10%ofyourgradeinclass，”hesaid.“You\'repayingsomuchmoneyforsomethingthathardlyaffectsyourgrade一butifyoudidn\'thaveit，itwouldaffectyourgradeenough.ItwouldbebadtostartoutataBorC.”Wolvertonsaidhespent$500onaccesscodesfordigitalbooksandprogramsthissemester.[M]Harper,apoultry(家禽）sciencemajor,istakingchemistryagainthisyearandhadtobuyanewaccesscodetohandinherhomework.Sherentedhereconomicsandstatisticstextbooksforabout$20each.Butheraccesscodesforhomework,whichcan\'tberentedorboughtsecond-hand,werehermostexpensivepurchases:$120and$85.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第32页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)[N]Shestillremembersthestingofherfirstexperienceskippinganassignmentduetothehighprices.“Wedon\'treallyhaveamissedassignmentpolicy，”shesaid.“Ifyoumissit，youjustmissit.Ijustgotzerosonacoupleoffirstassignments.Imanagedtopulleverythingbackup.Butasascaredfreshmanlookingattheirgrades，it\'snotfun.”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。36.Astudent\'syearlyexpensesonaccesscodesmayamounttotheirrentfortwomonths.37.Theonlineaccesscodesmaybeseenasawaytotiethestudentstothedigitalsystem.38.Ifastudenttakesacourseagain,theymayhavetobuyanewaccesscodetosubmittheirassignments.39.McGrawHillaccountsforoverone-fifthofthemarketshareofcollegetextbooks.40.Manytraditionaltextbookpublishersarenowofferingonlinedigitalproducts,whichtheybelievewillbethefutureofthepublishingbusiness.41.Onestudentcomplainedthattheynowhadtopayforaccesscodesinadditiontothehightuition.42.Digitalmaterialscancoststudentslessthanhalfthepriceoftraditionalprintedbooksaccordingtoapublisher.43.Onestudentdecidednottobuyheraccesscodeuntilshereceivedthepayforherpart-timejob.44.Onlinesystemsmaydepriveteachersofopportunitiestomakethebestuseoftheirexpertisefortheirstudents.45.Digitalaccesscodesarecriticizedbecausetheyareprofit-drivenjustlikethetextbookbusiness.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Forthousandsofyears,peoplehaveknownthatthebestwaytounderstandaconceptistoexplainittosomeoneelse.Whileweteach，welearn，”saidRomanphilosopherSeneca.Nowscientistsarebringingthisancientwisdomup-to-date.They’redocumentingwhyteachingissuchafruitfulwaytolearn,anddesigninginnovativewaysforyoungpeopletoengageininstruction.Researchershavefoundthatstudentswhosignuptotutorothersworkhardertounderstandthe2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第33页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)material,recallitmoreaccuratelyandapplyitmoreeffectively.Studentteachersscorehigheronteststhanpupilswho\'relearningonlyfortheirownsake.Buthowcanchildren,stilllearningthemselves,teachothers?Oneanswer:Theycantutoryoungerkids.Somestudieshavefoundthatfirst-bornchildrenaremoreintelligentthantheirlater-bomsiblings(兄弟姐妹）.ThissuggeststheirhigherIQsresultfromthetimetheyspendteachingtheirsiblings.Noweducatorsareexperimentingwithwaystoapplythismodeltoacademicsubjects.Theyengagecollegeundergraduatestoteachcomputersciencetohighschoolstudents,whointurninstructmiddleschoolstudentsonthetopic.Butthemostcutting-edgetoolunderdevelopmentisthe“teachableagent”—acomputerizedcharacterwholearns,tries,makesmistakesandasksquestionsjustlikeareal-worldpupil.Computerscientistshavecreatedananimated(动画的）figurecalledBetty\'sBrain,whohasbeen“taught”aboutenvironmentalsciencebyhundredsofmiddleschoolstudents.StudentteachersaremotivatedtohelpBettymastercertainmaterials.Whilepreparingtoteach,theyorganizetheirknowledgeandimprovetheirownunderstanding.Andastheyexplaintheinformationtoit,theyidentifyproblemsintheirownthinking.Feedbackfromtheteachableagentsfurtherenhancesthetutors\'learning.Theagents\'questionscompelstudenttutorstothinkandexplainthematerialsindifferentways,andwatchingtheagentsolveproblemsallowsthemtoseetheirknowledgeputintoaction.Aboveall，it\'stheemotionsoneexperiencesinteachingthatfacilitatelearning.Studenttutorsfeelupsetwhentheirteachableagentsfail，buthappywhenthesevirtualpupilssucceedastheyderiveprideandsatisfactionfromsomeoneelse\'saccomplishment.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。46.Whatareresearchersrediscoveringthroughtheirstudies?A)Seneca\'sthinkingisstillapplicabletoday.B)Betterlearnerswillbecomebetterteachers.C)Humanintelligencetendstogrowwithage.D)Philosophicalthinkingimprovesinstruction.47.WhatdowelearnaboutBetty\'sBrain?A)Itisacharacterinapopularanimation.B)Itisateachingtoolunderdevelopment.C)Itisacutting-edgeappindigitalgames.D)Itisatutorforcomputersciencestudents.48.Howdoesteachingothersbenefitstudenttutors?2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第34页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)A)Itmakesthemawareofwhattheyarestrongat.B)Itmotivatesthemtotrynovelwaysofteaching.C)Ithelpsthemlearntheiracademicsubjectsbetter.D)Itenablesthemtobetterunderstandtheirteachers.49.Whatdostudentsdototeachtheirteachableagents?A)Theymotivatethemtothinkindependently.B)Theyaskthemtodesigntheirownquestions.C)Theyencouragethemtogivepromptfeedback.D)Theyusevariouswaystoexplainthematerials.50.Whatisthekeyfactorthateasesstudenttutors\'learning?A)Theirsenseofresponsibility.B)Theiremotionalinvolvement.C)Thelearningstrategyacquired.D)Theteachingexperiencegained.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Anewbatchofyoungwomen—membersoftheso-calledMillennial(千禧的)generationhasbeenenteringtheworkforceforthepastdecade.Atthestartinglineoftheircareers,theyarebettereducatedthantheirmothersandgrandmothershadbeen—orthantheiryoungmalecounterpartsarenow.Butwhentheylookahead，theyseeroadblockstotheirsuccess.Theybelievethatwomenarepaidlessthanmenfordoingthesamejob.Theythinkit’seasierformentogettopexecutivejobsthanitisforthem.Andtheyassumethatifandwhentheyhavechildren,itwillbeevenharderforthemtoadvanceintheircareers.Whilethepublicseesgreaterworkplaceequalitybetweenmenandwomennowthanitdid20-30yearsago,mostbelievemorechangeisneeded.AmongMillennialwomen,75%saythiscountryneedstocontinuemakingchangestoachievegenderequalityintheworkplace,comparedwith57%ofMillennialmen.Evenso,relativelyfewyoungwomen(15%)saytheyhavebeendiscriminatedagainstatworkbecauseoftheirgender.AsMillennialwomencomeofagetheysharemanyofthesameviewsandvaluesaboutworkastheirmalecounterparts.Theywantjobsthatprovidesecurityandflexibility,andtheyplacerelatively2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第35页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)littleimportanceonhighpay.Atthesametime,however,youngworkingwomenarelesslikelythanmentoaimattopmanagementjobs:34%saythey’renotinterestedinbecomingabossortopmanager；only24%ofyoungmensaythesame.Thegendergaponthisquestionisevenwideramongworkingadultsintheir30sand40s,whenmanywomenfacethetrade-offsthatgowithworkandmotherhood.ThesefindingsarebasedonanewPewResearchCentersurveyof2,002adults,including810Millennial(ages18-32)，conductedOct.7-27,2013.Thesurveyfindsthat,inspiteofthedramaticgainswomenhavemadeineducationalattainmentandlaborforceparticipationinrecentdecades,youngwomenviewthisasaman’sworld—justasmiddle-agedandolderwomendo.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。51.WhatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraphaboutMillennialwomenstartingtheircareers?A)Theycangetaheadonlybystrivingharder.B)TheyexpecttosucceedjustlikeMillennialmen.C)Theyaregenerallyquiteoptimisticabouttheirfuture.D)Theyarebettereducatedthantheirmalecounterparts.52.HowdomostMillennialwomenfeelabouttheirtreatmentintheworkplace?A)Theyarethetargetofdiscrimination.B)Theyfinditsatisfactoryonthewhole.C)Theythinkitneedsfurtherimproving.D)Theyfindtheircomplaintsignored.53.WhatdoMillennialwomenvaluemostwhencomingofage?A)Asenseofaccomplishment.B)Jobstabilityandflexibility.C)Rewardsandpromotions.D)Joyderivedfromwork.54.Whatarewomenintheir30sand40sconcernedabout?A)Thewelfareoftheirchildren.B)Thenarrowingofthegendergap.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第36页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)C)Thefulfillmentoftheirdreamsinlife.D)Thebalancebetweenworkandfamily.55.WhatconclusioncanbedrawnaboutMillennialwomenfromthe2013survey?A)Theystillviewthisworldasonedominatedbymales.B)Theyaccountforhalftheworkforceinthejobmarket.C)Theyseetheworlddifferentlyfromoldergenerations.D)Theydobetterinworkthantheirmalecounterparts.PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.公交车曾是中国人出行的主要交通工具。近年来，由于私家车数量不断增多，城市的交通问题越来越严重。许多城市为了鼓励更多人乘坐公交车出行，一直在努力改善公交车的服务质量。车辆的设施不断更新，车速也有了显著提高。然而，公交车的票价却依然相当低廉。现在，在大多数城市，许多当地老年市民都可以免费乘坐公交车。注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。答案26272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950MNCJFKLBIEKDMGBLHFJCABCDB5152535455DCBDA2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第37页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)2017年12月大学英语四级真题试题一(完整版)PartIWriting(25minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanashorteasyonhowtobesthandletherelationshipbetweendoctorsandpatients.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandquestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearquestions,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。Questions1to2arebasedonthenewreportyouhavejustheard.1.A)Hergrandfather.B)Hergrandfather.C)HerfriendErika.D)Herlittlebrother.2.A)Bytakingpicturesforpassers-by.B)Bysellinglemonadeandpictures.C)Byworkingparttimeatahospital.D)Byaskingforhelponsocialmedia.Questions3to4arebasedonthenewreportyouhavejustheard.3.A)Testingtheefficiencyofthenewsolarpanel.B)Providingcleanenergytofivemillionpeople.C)Generatingelectricpowerforpassingvehicles.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第38页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)D)Findingcheaperwaysofhighwayconstruction.4.A)Theyaremadefromcheapmaterials.B)Theyareonlyabouthalfaninchthick.C)Theycanbelaidrightontopofexistinghighways.D)A)Theycanstandthewearandtearofnaturalelements.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewreportyouhavejustheard.5.A)Thelackofcluesaboutthespecies.B)Endlessfightingintheregion.C)Inadequatefundingforresearch.D)Thehazardsfromthedesert.6.A)Toobservethewildlifeinthetwonationalparks.B)TostudythehabitatoflionsinSudanandEthiopia.C)Toidentifythereasonsforthelions’disappearance.D)Tofindevidenceoftheexistenceofthe“lostlions”.7.A)Lions’tracks.B)Lionswalking.C)Somecampingfacilities.D)Trapssetbylocalhunters.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)Aspecialgiftfromtheman.B)Acallfromherdad.C)Herweddinganniversary.D)Her‘luckybirthday’.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第39页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)9.A)Threwherasurpriseparty.B)Boughtheragoodnecklace.C)Withatraveler’scheckD)Withhissmartphone10.A)Whatherhusbandandthemanareupto.B)Whathasbeentroublingherhusband.C)Thetripherhusbandhasplanned.D)Thegiftherhusbandhasbought.11.A)Hewantstofindoutaboutthecouple’sholidayplan.B)Heiseagertolearnhowthecouple’sholidayturnsout.C)Hewilltellthewomenthesecretifherhusbandagrees.D)Hewillbegladtobeaguideforthecouple’sholidaytrip.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Theytaketherival’sattitudeintoaccount.B)Theyknowwhentoadoptatoughattitude.C)Theyaresensitivetothedynamicsofanegotiation.D)Theyseetheimportanceofmakingcompromises.13.A)Theyknowwhentostop.B)Theyknowhowtoadapt.C)Theyknowwhentomakecompromises.D)Theyknowhowtocontroltheiremotion.14.A)Theyarepatient.B)Theylearnquickly.C)Theyaregoodatexpression.D)Theyupholdtheirprinciples.15.A)Clarifyitemsofnegotiation.B)Makeclearone\'sintentions.C)Gettoknowtheotherside.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第40页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)D)Formulateone\'sstrategy.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)HowspaceresearchbenefitspeopleonEarth.B)WhentheInternationalSpaceStationwasbuilt.C)Howmanyspaceshuttlemissionstherewillbe.D)WhenAmerica\'searliestspaceprogramstarted.17.A)Theytriedtomakebestuseofthelatesttechnology.B)Theytriedtomeetastronauts\'specificrequirements.C)Theydevelopedobjectsforastronautstouseinouterspace.D)Theyaccuratelycalculatedthespeedoftheorbitingshuttles.18.A)Theyareexpensivetomake.B)Theyareextremelyaccurate.C)Theywerefirstmadeinspace.D)Theywereinventedinthe1970s.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)Everythingwasnaturalandgenuinethen.B)Peoplehadplentyoflandtocultivatethen.C)Itmarkedthebeginningofsomethingnew.D)ItwaswhenherancestorscametoAmerica.20.A)Theywereknowntobecreative.B)Theyenjoyedlivingalivingalifeofease.C)Theyhadallkindsofentertainment.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第41页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)D)Theybelievedinworkingforgoals.21.A)Chattingwithherancestors.B)Doingneedleworkbythefire.C)Furnishinghercountryhouse.D)Polishingallthesilverwork.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)Sitdownandtrytocalmyourself.B)Callyourfamilyorfriendsforhelp.C)Useamaptoidentifyyourlocation.D)Trytofollowyourfootprintsback.23.A)Youmayendupenteringawonderland.B)Youmaygetdrownedinasuddenflood.C)Youmayexposeyourselftounexpecteddangers.D)Youmayfindawayoutwithoutyourknowingit.24.A)Walkuphill.B)Lookforfood.C)Startafire.D)Waitpatiently.25.A)Checkthelocalweather.B)Findamapandacompass.C)Prepareenoughfoodanddrink.D)Informsomebodyofyourplan.PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassage2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第42页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)throughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices,Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Weallknowthereexistsgreatvoid（空白）inthepubliceducationalsystemwhenitcomesto(26)_______toSTEM（Science,Technology,EngineeringMathematics）,OneeducatornamedDoriRobertsdecidedtodosomethingtochangethissystem.Doritaughthighschoolengineeringfor11years.Shenoticedtherewasarealvoidinqualitystemeducationatall(27)_______ofthepubliceducationalsystem.shesaid,“IstartedEngineeringforkids(EFK)afternoticingareallackofmath,scienceandengineeringprogramsto(28)_______myownkidsin.”Shedecidedtostartanafterschoolprogramwherechildren(29)_______inSTEM-basedcompetitions.Theclubgrewquicklyandwhenitreached180membersandthekidsintheprogramwonseveralstate(30)_______.shedecidedtodevoteallhertimetocultivatingand(31)_______itTheglobalbusinessEFKwasborn.DoribeganoperatingEFKoutofherVirginiahome,whichshethenexpandedto(32)_______recreationcenters.Today,theEFKprogram(33)_______over144branchesin32stateswithintheUnitedStatesandin21countries.Saleshavedoubledfrom$5millionin2014to$10millionin2015,with25newbranchesplannedfor2016.theEFKwebsitestates,“Ournationisnot(34)_______enoughengineers.Ourphilosophyistoinspirekidsatayoungagetounderstandthatengineeringisagreat(35)_______.”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A)attractedB)careerC)championshipsD)degreesE)developingF)enrollG)exposureH)feasibleI)feedingJ)graduatingK)interestL)levelsM)localN)operatesO)participatedSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Whyaren’tyoucuriousaboutwhathappened?2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第43页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)[A]“YoususpendedRayRiceafterourvideo，”areporterfromTMZchallengedNationalFootballLeagueCommissionerRogerGoodelltheotherday.“Whydidn’tyouhavethecuriositytogotothecasino（赌场）yourself?”Theimplicationofthequestionisthatamorecuriouscommissionerwouldhavefoundawaytogetthetape.[B]Theaccusationofincuriosityisonethatwehearoften,carryingthesuggestionthatthereissomethingwrongwithnotwantingtosearchoutthetruth,”havebeenbotheredforalongtimeaboutthecuriouslackofcuriosity,”saidaDemocraticmemberoftheNewJerseylegislaturebackinJuly,referringtoaninsufficientlyinquiringattitudeonthepartofanassistanttoNewJerseyGovernorChrisChristiewhochosenottoaskhardquestionsabouttheGeorgeWashingtonBridgetrafficscandal.“Isn’tthemainstreammediatheleastbitcuriousaboutwhathappened?”wroteconservativewriterJenniferRubinearlierthisyear,referringtotheattackonAmericansinBenghazi,Libya.[C]Theimplication,ineachcase,isthatcuriosityisagoodthing，andalackofcuriosityisaproblem.Aresuchaccusationssimplyeffortstoscorepoliticalpointsforone’sparty?Oristheresomethingofparticularvalueaboutcuriosityinandofitself?[D]ThejournalistIanLeslie,inhisnewandenjoyablebookCurious:TheDesiretoKnowandWhyYourFutureDependsonIt,insiststhattheanswertothatlastquestionis‘Yes’.Lesliearguesthatcuriosityisamuch-overlookedhumanvirtue,crucialtooursuccess,andthatwearelosingit.[E]Wearesuffering,hewrites,froma“serendipitydeficit.”Theword“serendipity”wascoinedbyHoraceWalpoleinan1854letter,fromataleofthreeprinceswho“werealwaysmakingdiscoveries,byaccident,ofthingstheywerenotinsearchof.”LeslieworriesthattheriseoftheInternet,amongothersocialandtechnologicalchanges,hasreducedourappetiteforaimlessadventures.Nolongerhavewetheinclinationtoletourselveswanderthroughfieldsofknowledge,readytobesurprised.Instead,weseekonlytheinformationwewant.[F]Whyisthisaproblem?Becausewithoutcuriositywewilllosethespiritofinnovationandentrepreneurship.Wewillseeunimaginativegovernmentsanddyingcorporationsmakedisastrousdecisions.Wewillloseavitalpartofwhathasmadehumanityasawholesosuccessfulasaspecies.[G]Lesliepresentsconsiderableevidenceforthepropositionthatthesocietyasawholeisgrowinglesscurious.IntheU.S.andEurope,forexample,theriseoftheInternethasledtoadeclining2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第44页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)consumptionofnewsfromoutsidethereader’sborders.Butnoteverythingistobeblamedontechnology.ThedeclineininterestinliteraryfictionisalsooneofthecausesidentifiedbyLeslie.Readingliteraryfiction,hesays,makesusmorecurious.[H]Moreover,inordertobecurious,‘"youhavetobeawareofagapinyourknowledgeinthefirstplace.\'\'AlthoughLeslieperhapspaintsabitbroadlyincontendingthatmostofusareunawareofhowmuchwedon’tknow,he’ssurelyrighttopointoutthattheproblemisgrowing:“Googlecangiveusthepowerfulillusionthatallquestionshavedefiniteanswers.”[I]Indeed,Google,forwhichLeslieexpressesadmiration,isalsohisfrequentwhippingboy(替罪羊)•HequotesGoogleco-founderLarryPagetotheeffectthatthe“perfectsearchengine”will“understandexactlywhatImeanandgivemebackexactlywhatIwant.”Elsewhereinthebook,Lesliewrites:“Googleaimstosaveyoufromthethirstofcuriosityaltogether.”[J]Somewhatnostalgically(怀旧地)，hequotesJohnMaynardKeynes\'sjustlyfamouswordsofpraisetothebookstore:“Oneshouldenteritvaguely,almostinadream,andallowwhatistherefreelytoattractandinfluencetheeye.Towalktheroundsofthebookshops,dippinginascuriositydictates,shouldbeanafternoon’sentertainment.”Ifonly![K]Citingtheworkofpsychologistsandcognitive(认知的）scientists，Lesliecriticizesthere-ceivedwisdomthatacademicsuccessistheresultofacombinationofintellectualtalentandhardwork.Curiosity,heargues,isthethirdkeyfactor—andadifficultonetopreserve.Ifnotcultivated,itwillnotsurvive:“Childhoodcuriosityisacollaborationbetweenchildandadult.Thesurestwaytokillitistoleaveitalone.”[L]Schooleducation,hewarns,isoftenconductedinawaythatmakeschildrenincurious.Childrenofeducatedandupper-middle-classparentsturnouttobefarmorecurious,evenatearlyages,thanchildrenofworkingclassandlowerclassfamilies.Thatlackofcuriosityproducesarelativelackofknowledge,andthelackofknowledgeisdifficultifnotimpossibletocompensateforlateron.[M]AlthoughLeslie’sbookisn\'taboutpolitics,hedoesn\'tentirelyshyawayfromtheproblem.Politicalleaders,likeleadersofotherorganizations,shouldbecurious.Theyshouldaskquestionsatcrucialmoments.Thereareseriousconsequences,hewarns,innotwantingtoknow.[N]HepresentsasanexamplethefailureoftheGeorgeW.Bushadministrationtoprepareproperlyfortheafter-effectsoftheinvasionofIraq.AccordingtoLeslie,thosewhoridiculedformerDefense2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第45页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)SecretaryDonaldRumsfeldforhis2002remarkthatwehavetobewaryofthe“unknownunknowns”weremistaken.Rumsfeld’sidea,Lesliewrites,“wasn’tabsurd一itwassmart.”Headds,“Thetragedyisthathedidn’tfollowhisownadvice.”[O]AllofwhichbringsusbacktoGoodellandtheChristiecaseandBenghazi.Eachcriticinthoseexamplesischarging,inadifferentway,thatsomeoneinauthorityisintentionallybeingincurious.Ileaveittothereader’spoliticalpreferencetodecidewhich,ifany,chargesshouldstick.Butlet’sbecarefulaboutdemandingcuriosityabouttheotherside’sweaknessesandremainingdeterminedlyincuriousaboutourown.Weshouldbedelightedtopursueknowledgeforitsownsake—evenwhenwhatwefindoutissomethingwedidn\'tparticularlywanttoknow.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。36.Tobecurious,weneedtorealizefirstofallthattherearemanythingswedon’tknow.37.AccordingtoLeslie,curiosityisessentialtoone’ssuccess.38.Weshouldfeelhappywhenwepursueknowledgeforknowledge\'ssake.39.Politicalleaders\'lackofcuriositywillresultinbadconsequences.40.Thereareoftenaccusationsaboutpoliticians’andthemedia’slackofcuriositytofindoutthetruth.41.Thelesscuriousachildis,thelessknowledgethechildmayturnouttohave.42.Itiswidelyacceptedthatacademicaccomplishmentliesinbothintelligenceanddiligence.43.Visitingabookshopascuriosityleadsuscanbeagoodwaytoentertainourselves.44.BoththeriseoftheInternetandreducedappetiteforliteraryfictioncontributetopeople’sdecliningcuriosity.45.Mankindwouldn\'tbesoinnovativewithoutcuriosity.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Aginghappenstoallofus,andisgenerallythoughtofasanaturalpartoflife.Itwouldseemsillytocallsuchathinga“disease.”Ontheotherhand,scientistsareincreasinglylearningthatagingandbiologicalagearetwodifferentthings,andthattheformerisakeyriskfactorforconditionssuchasheartdisease,cancerandmanymore.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第46页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)Inthatlight,agingitselfmightbeseenassomethingtreatable,thewayyouwouldtreathighbloodpressureoravitamindeficiency.BiophysicistAlexZhavoronkovbelievesthatagingshouldbeconsideredadisease.Hesaidthatdescribingagingasadiseasecreatesincentivestodeveloptreatments.“Ituntiesthehandsofthepharmaceutical(制药的）industrysothattheycanbegintreatingthediseaseandnotjustthesideeffects,”hesaid.‘‘Rightnow,peoplethinkofagingasnaturalandsomethingyoucan’tcontrol:’hesaid.“Inacademiccircles,peopletakeagingresearchasjustaninterestareawheretheycantrytodevelopinterventions.Themedicalcommunityalsotakesagingforgranted,andcandonothingaboutitexceptkeeppeoplewithinacertainhealthrange.”Butifagingwererecognizedasadisease,hesaid,“Itwouldattractfundingandchangethewaywedohealthcare.Whatmattersisunderstandingthatagingiscurable.”“Itwasalwaysknownthatthebodyaccumulatesdamage,”headded.“Theonlywaytocureagingistofindwaystorepairthatdamage.Ithinkofitaspreventivemedicineforage-relatedconditions.\'\'LeonardHayflick,aprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,saidtheideathatagingcanbecuredimpliesthehumanlifespancanbeincreased,whichsomeresearcherssuggestispossible.Hayflickisnotamongthem.“There’remanypeoplewhorecoverfromcancer,stroke,orheartdisease.Buttheycontinuetoage,becauseagingisseparatefromtheirdisease,”Hayflicksaid.“Evenifthosecausesofdeathwereeliminated,lifeexpectancywouldstillnotgomuchbeyond92years.”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。46.Whatdopeoplegenerallybelieveaboutaging?A)Itshouldcausenoalarmwhatsoever.B)Theyjustcannotdoanythingaboutit.C)Itshouldberegardedasakindofdisease.D)Theycandelayitwithadvancesinscience.47.Howdomanyscientistsviewagingnow?A)Itmightbepreventedandtreated.B)Itcanbeasriskyasheartdisease.C)Itresultsfromavitamindeficiency.D)Itisanirreversiblebiologicalprocess.48.WhatdoesAlexZhavoronkovthinkof“describingagingasadisease”?2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第47页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)A)Itwillpromptpeopletotakeagingmoreseriously.B)Itwillgreatlyhelpreducethesideeffectsofaging.C)Itwillfreepharmacistsfromtheconventionalbeliefsaboutaging.D)Itwillmotivatedoctorsandpharmaciststofindwaystotreataging.49.Whatdowelearnaboutthemedicalcommunity?A)Theynowhaveastronginterestinresearchonaging.B)Theydifferfromtheacademiccirclesintheirviewonaging.C)Theycancontributetopeople’shealthonlytoalimitedextent.D)Theyhavewaystointerveneinpeople\'sagingprocess.50.WhatdoesProfessorLeonardHayflickbelieve?A)Thehumanlifespancannotbeprolonged.B)Agingishardlyseparablefromdisease.C)Fewpeoplecanliveuptotheageof92.D)Heartdiseaseisthemajorcauseofaging.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Femaleapplicantstopostdoctoralpositionsingeoscienceswerenearlyhalfaslikelytoreceiveexcellentlettersofrecommendation，comparedwiththeirmalecounterparts.ChristopherIntagliatareports.Asinmanyotherfields,genderbiasiswidespreadinthesciences.Menscorehigherstartingsalaries,havemorementoring(指导），andhavebetteroddsofbeinghired.Studiesshowthey’realsoperceivedasmorecompetentthanwomeninSTEM(Science,Technology,Engineering,andMathematics)fields.Andnewresearchrevealsthatmenaremorelikelytoreceiveexcellentlettersofrecommendation,too.“Say，youknow,thisisthebeststudentI’veeverhad,”saysKuheliDutt,asocialscientistanddiversityofficeratColumbiaUniversity’sLamontcampus.“Comparethoseexcellentletterswithamerelygoodletter:\'Thecandidatewasproductive,orintelligent,orasolidscientistorsomethingthat’sclearlysolidpraise，’butnothingthatsinglesoutthecandidateasexceptionaloroneofakind.”Duttandhercolleaguesstudiedmorethan1,200lettersofrecommendationforpostdoctoralpositionsingeoscience.Theywerealleditedforgenderandotheridentifyinginformation,soDuttandherteamcouldassignthemascorewithoutknowingthegenderofthestudent.Theyfoundthatfemaleapplicantswereonlyhalfaslikelytogetoutstandingletters,comparedwiththeirmalecounterparts.Thatincludeslettersofrecommendationfromallovertheworld,andwrittenby,yes,menandwomen.ThefindingsareinthejournalNatureGeoscience.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第48页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)Duttsaystheywerenotabletoevaluatetheactualscientificqualificationsoftheapplicantsusingthedatainthefiles.Butshesaystheresultsstillsuggestwomeningeoscienceareatapotentialdisadvantagefromtheverybeginningoftheircareersstartingwiththoselessthanoutstandinglettersofrecommendation.“We’renottryingtoassignblameorcriticizeanyoneorcallanyoneconsciouslysexist.Rather,thepointistousetheresultsofthisstudytoopenupmeaningfuldialoguesonimplicitgenderbias,beitatadepartmentalleveloraninstitutionallevelorevenadisciplinelevel.”Whichmayleadtosomerecommendationsfortheletterwritersthemselves.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。51.Whatdowelearnaboutapplicantstopostdoctoralpositionsingeosciences?A)Therearemanymoremenapplyingthanwomen.B)Chancesforwomentogetthepositionsarescarce.C)Moremalesthanfemalesarelikelytogetoutstandinglettersofrecommendation.D)Maleapplicantshavemoreinterestinthesepositionsthantheirfemalecounterparts.52.Whatdostudiesaboutmenandwomeninscientificresearchshow?A)Womenengagedinpostdoctoralworkarequicklycatchingup.B)Fewerwomenareapplyingforpostdoctoralpositionsduetogenderbias.C)MenarebelievedtobebetterabletoexcelinSTEMdisciplines.D)WomenwhoarekeenlyinterestedinSTEMfieldsareoftenexceptional.53.Whatdothestudiesfindabouttherecommendationlettersforwomenapplicants?A)Theyarehardlyeversupportedbyconcreteexamples.B)Theycontainnothingthatdistinguishestheapplicants.C)Theyprovideobjectiveinformationwithoutexaggeration.D)Theyareoftenfilledwithpraiseforexceptionalapplicants.54.WhatdidDuttandhercolleaguesdowiththemorethan1,200lettersofrecommendation?A)Theyaskedunbiasedscholarstoevaluatethem.B)Theyinvitedwomenprofessionalstoeditthem.C)Theyassignedthemrandomlytoreviewers.D)Theydeletedallinformationaboutgender.55.WhatdoesDuttaimtodowithherstudy?2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第49页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)A)Raiserecommendationwriters’awarenessofgenderbiasintheirletters.B)Openupfreshavenuesforwomenpost-doctorstojoininresearchwork.C)AlertwomenresearcherstoalltypesofgenderbiasintheSTEMdisciplines.D)Startapublicdiscussiononhowtoraisewomen\'sstatusinacademiccircles.PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.黄山位于安徽省南部。它风景独特，尤以其日出和云海著称。要欣赏大山的宏伟壮丽，通常得向上看。但要欣赏黄山美景，就得向下看。黄山的湿润气候有利于茶树生长，是中国主要产茶地之一。这里还有许多温泉，其泉水有助于防治皮肤病。黄山是中国主要旅游目的地之一，也是摄影和传统国画最受欢迎的主题。注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第50页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)答案12345678910111213141516171819202122232425DBBCBDADACBCABCACBCDBACAD26272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950GLFOCEMNJBHDOMBLKJGFBADCA5152535455CCBDD2017年12月大学英语四级真题试题二(完整版)PartIWriting(25minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanashorteasyonhowtobesthandletherelationshipparentsandchildren.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)说明：2017年12月大学英语四级考试全国共考了两套听力.本套的听力内容与第二套相同，因此本套听力部分不再重复给出。PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices,Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Please2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第51页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)markthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Aratorpigeonmightnotbetheobviouschoicetotendtosomeonewhoissick,butthesecreatureshavesome(26)_______skillsthatcouldhelpthetreatmentofhumandiseases.Pigeonsareoftenseenasdirtybirdsandanurban(27)_______,buttheyarejustthelatestinalonglineofanimalsthathavebeenfoundtohaveabilitiestohelphumans.Despitehavingabrainnobiggerthanthe(28)_______ofyourindexfinger,pigeonshaveaveryimpressive(29)_______memory.Recentlyitwasshownthattheycouldbetrainedtobeasaccurateashumansatdetectingbreastcancerinimages.Ratsareoften(30)_______withspreadingdiseaseratherthan(31)_______it,butthislong-tailedanimalishighly(32)_______.Insidearat\'snoseareupto1.000differenttypesofolfactoryreceptors(嗅觉感受器），whereashumansonlyhave100to200types.Thisgivesratstheabilitytodetect(33)_______smells.Asaresult,someratsarebeingputtoworktodetectTB(肺结核).Whentheratsdetectthesmell,theystopandrubtheirlegsto(34)_______asampleisinfected.Traditionally,ahundredsampleswouldtakelabtechniciansmorethantwodaysto(35)_______,butforaratittakeslessthan20minutes.Thisratdetectionmethoddoesn’trelyonspecialistequipment.Itisalsomoreaccurate—theratsareabletofindmoreTBinfectionsand,therefore,savemorelives.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A)associatedB)examineC)indicateD)nuisanceE)peakF)preventingG)prohibitingH)sensitiveI)slightJ)specifyK)superiorL)suspiciousM)tipN)treatedO)visualSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.DoIn-ClassExamsMakeStudentsStudyHarder?2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第52页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)[A]Ihavealwaysbeenapoortest-taker.SoitmayseemratherstrangethatIhavereturnedtocollegetofinishthedegreeIleftundonesomefourdecadesago.IammakingmywaythroughColumbiaUniversity,surroundedbystudentswhoquicklysupplytheverbalanswerwhileIamstillprocessingthequestion.[B]Sincethereisnowayformetoavoidexams,Iamcurrentlyquestioningwhatkindarethemosttaxingandultimatelybeneficial.Ihavealreadysweatedthroughnumerousin-classmidtermsandfinals,andnowIhaveaprofessorwhoissuestake-homeones.IwasexcitedwhenIlearnedthis,figuringIhadafullweektodotheresearch,readthetexts,andwriteitallup.Infact.1wasstillrewritingmymidtermthemorningitwasdue.TosayIhadlostthethreadisputtingitmildly.[C]AsIwassufferingthroughmyweekofanxiety,overthinkingthematerialandguessingmygraspofit,Ididsomeofmyownpollingamongstudentsandprofessors.DavidEisenbach,whoteachesapopularclassonU.S.presidentsatColumbia,prefersthein-classvariety.Hebelievesstudentsultimatelylearnmoreandencouragesthemtoformstudygroups.“Thatwaytheysocializeoverhistoryoutsidetheclass，whichwouldn\'thappenwithoutthepressureofanin-classexam,”heexplained.“Furthermore，in-classexamsforcestudentstolearnhowtoperformunderpressure,anessentialworkskill.”[D]Healsosaysthereislesschanceofcheatingwiththein-classvariety.In2012,125studentsatHarvardwerecaughtupinascandalwhenitwasdiscoveredtheyhadcheatedonatake-homeexamforaclassentitled“IntroductionToCongress”Somecollegeshavewhattheycallan\'•honorcode/\'thoughifyouaresmartenoughtogetintotheseschools,youareeithersmartenoughtogetaroundanycodesorhopefully,tooethicaltoconsiderdoingso.AsIsatblockedandcluelessfortwosoliddays.ImomentarilywonderedifIcouldn’tjustcallanexpertonthesubjectmatterwhichIwastackling，orsomeonewhotooktheclasspreviously,togetmegoing.[E]FollowingtheHarvardscandal，MaryMiller,theformerdeanofstudentsatYale,madeanimpassionedappealtoherschool’sprofessorstorefrainfromtake-homeexams.“Studentsriskhealthandwellbeing,aswellasperformanceinotherend-of-termwork,whenfacultyofferstake-homeexamswithoutclear,time-limitedboundaries,”shetoldme.“Researchnowshowsthatregularquizzes，shortessays,andotherassignmentsoverthecourseofatermbetterenhancelearningandretention.”2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第53页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)[F]Mostcollegeprofessorsagreethekindofexamtheychooselargelydependsonthesubject.Aquantitative-basedone,forexample,isunlikelytobesenthome,whereonecouldasktheirolderbrothersandsisterstohelp.Vocational-typeclasses，suchascomputerscienceorjournalism,ontheotherhand,areoftenmoreresearch-orientedandlendthemselvestotake-hometesting.ChrisKoch,whoteaches“HistoryofBroadcastJournalism”atMontgomeryCommunityCollegeinRockville,Maryland,pointsoutthatreportingisaboutinvestigationratherthanthememorizationofminutedetails.“Inmyfield,it’snotwhatyouknow一it’swhatyouknowhowtofindout，’’saysKoch.“Thereiswaytoomuchinformation,andmorecomingallthetime,foranyonetoremember.Iwantmysbyusingalltheresourcesavailabletothem.”[G]Students’test-formpreferencesvary,too,oftendependingonthesubjectandcoursedifficulty.“Ipreferlake-homeessaysbecauseitisthenreallyaboutthewriting,soyouhavetimetoeditanddomoreresearch,\'\'saysElizabethDresser,ajunioratBarnard.Thenthereisthestressfactor.FrancescaHaass,asenioratMiddlebury,says,“1findthein-classonesaremorestressfulintheshortterm,butthereisimmediatereliefasyouswallowinformationlikemad，andthenyougettoforgetitall.Take-homesrequirethoughtfulengagementwhichcanleadtolongertermstressasthereisneveramomentwhenthetimeisup.”Meanwhile,OliviaRubin,asophomoreatEmory,saysshehardlyevenconsiderstake-homestrueexams.“Ifyouunderstandthematerialandhavetheabilitytoarticulate(说出）yourthoughts,theyshouldbeabreeze.”[H]Howstudentsultimatelyhandletestsmaydependontheirpersonaltest-takingabilities.Therearepeoplewhoalwayswaituntilthelastminute,andmakeitmuchharderthanitneedstobe.Andthentherearethosewho,notknowingwhatquestionsarecomingatthem,andhavingnoresourcestoreferto,canfreeze.Andthentherearewerarefolkswhofitboththosedescriptions.[I]Yes,myadvancedagemustfactorintotheequation(等式)，inpartbecauseofmyinabilitytoaccesstheinformationasquickly.AsanotherreturningstudentatColumbia,KateMarber,toldme,“Wearelearningnotonlyallthisinformation,butessentiallyhowtolearnagain.Ourfellowstudentshavejustcomeoutofhighschool.Alothaschangedsincewewerelastinschool.”[J]Ifnothingelse,thesituationhasgivenmycollegesonandmesomethingtoshare.WhenIaskedhisopiniononthismatter,heresponded,“1likein-classexamsbecausethetimeisalreadyreserved,asopposedtousingmyfreetimeathometoworkonatest,\'\'lieresponded.Itseemstomethatacompromisewouldbereceivingtheexamquestionsadayortwoinadvance,andthendoingthe2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第54页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)actualtestinclasswiththetickingclockoverhead.[K]Betteryet，howaboutwhatoneHunterCollegeprofessorreportedlydidrecentlyforherfinalexam:Sheencouragedtheclassnottostressorevenstudy,promisingthat.“Itisgoingtobeapieceofcake.”Whenthestudentscamein,sharpenedpencilsinhand,therewasnotabluebookinsight.Rather,theysawalargechocolatecakeandtheyeachweregivenaslice.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。36.Elderlystudentsfindithardtokeepupwiththerapidchangesineducation.37.Somebelievetake-homeexamsmayaffectstudents\'performanceinothercourses.38.Certainprofessorsbelievein-classexamsareultimatelymorehelpfultostudents.39.In-classexamsarebelievedtodiscouragecheatinginexams.40.Theauthorwashappytolearnshecoulddosomeexamsathome.41.Studentswhoputofftheirworkuntilthelastmomentoftenfindtheexamsmoredifficultthantheyactuallyare.42.Theauthordroppedoutofcollegesomefortyyearsago.43.Somestudentsthinktake-homeexamswilleatuptheirfreetime.44.Theauthordroppedoutofcollegesomefortyyearsago.45.Somestudentsthinktake-homeexamswillcatuptheirfreetime.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thatpeopleoftenexperiencetroublesleepinginadifferentbedinunfamiliarsurroundingsisaphenomenonknownasthe“first-night”effect.Ifapersonstaysinthesameroomthefollowingnighttheytendtosleepmoresoundly.YukaSasakiandhercolleaguesatBrownUniversitysetouttoinvestigatetheoriginsofthiseffect.Dr.Sasakiknewthefirst-nighteffectprobablyhassomethingtodowithhowhumansevolved.Thepuzzlewaswhatbenefitwouldbegainedfromitwhenperformancemightbeaffectedthefollowingday.Shealsoknewfrompreviousworkconductedonbirdsanddolphinsthattheseanimalsputhalfoftheirbrainstosleepatatimesothattheycanrestwhileremainingalertenoughtoavoidpredators(捕食者2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第55页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)Thisledhertowonderifpeoplemightbedoingthesamething.Totakeacloserlook,herteamstudied35healthypeopleastheysleptintheunfamiliarenvironmentoftheuniversity’sDepartmentofPsychologicalSciences.Theparticipantseachsleptinthedepartmentfortwonightsandwerecarefullymonitoredwithtechniquesthatlookedattheactivityoftheirbrains.Dr.Sasakifound,asexpected,theparticipantssleptlesswellontheirfirstnightthantheydidontheirsecond,takingmorethantwiceaslongtofallasleepandsleepinglessoverall.Duringdeepbleep,theparticipants’brainsbehavedinasimilarmannerseeninbirdsanddolphins.Onthefirstnightonly,thelefthemispheres(半球）oftheirbrainsdidnotsleepnearlyasdeeplyastheirrighthemispheresdid.Curiousifthelefthemisphereswereindeedremainingawaketoprocessinformationdetectedinthesurroundingenvironment,Dr.Sasakire-rantheexperimentwhilepresentingthesleepingparticipantswithamixofregularlytimedbeeps(蜂鸣声）ofthesametoneandirregularbeepsofadifferenttoneduringthenight.Sheworkedoutthat,ifthelefthemispherewasstayingalerttokeepguardinastrangeenvironment,thenitwouldreacttotheirregularbeepsbystirringpeoplefromsleepandwouldignoretheregularlytimedones.Thisispreciselywhatshefound.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。46.Whatdidresearchersfindpuzzlingaboutthefirst-nighteffect?A)Towhatextentitcantroublepeople.C)Whatcircumstancesmaytriggerit.B)Whatroleithasplayedinevolution.D)Inwhatwayitcanbebeneficial.47.WhatdowelearnaboutDr.YukaSasakidoingherresearch?A)Shefoundbirdsanddolphinsremainalertwhileasleep.B)Shefoundbirdsanddolphinssleepinmuchthesameway.C)Shegotsomeideafrompreviousstudiesonbirdsanddolphins.D)Sheconductedstudiesonbirds’anddolphins\'sleepingpatterns.48.WhatdidDr.Sasakidowhenshefirstdidherexperiment?A)Shemonitoredthebrainactivityofparticipantssleepinginanewenvironment.B)Sherecruited35participantsfromherDepartmentofPsychologicalSciences.C)Shestudiedthedifferencesbetweenthetwosidesofparticipants’brains.D)Shetestedherfindingsaboutbirdsanddolphinsonhumansubjects.49.WhatdidDr.Sasakidowhenre-runningherexperiment?A)Sheanalyzedthenegativeeffectofirregulartonesonbrains.B)Sherecordedparticipants\'adaptationtochangedenvironment.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第56页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)C)Sheexposedherparticipantstotwodifferentstimuli.D)Shecomparedtheresponsesofdifferentparticipants."50.WhatdidDr.Sasakifindabouttheparticipantsinherexperiment?A)Theytendedtoenjoycertaintonesmorethanothers.B)Theytendedtoperceiveirregularbeepsasathreat.C)Theyfeltsleepywhenexposedtoregularbeeps.D)Theydifferedintheirtoleranceofirregulartones.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.It’stimetoreevaluatehowwomenhandleconflictatwork.Beingoverworkedorover-committedathomeandonthejobwillnotgetyouwhereyouwanttobeinlife.Itwillonlyslowyoudownandhinderyourcareergoals.Didyouknowwomenaremorelikelythanmentofeelexhausted?Nearlytwiceasmanywomenthanmenages18-44reportedfeeling“verytired”or‘.exhausted’’，accordingtoarecentstudy.Thismaynotbesurprisinggiventhatthisistheagerangewhenwomenhavechildren.It’salsotheagerangewhenmanywomenaretryingtobalancecareersandhome.Onereasonwomenmayfeelexhaustedisthattheyhaveahardtimesaying“no.”Womenwanttobeabletodoitall一volunteerforschoolpartiesorcookdeliciousmeals—andsotheiranswertoanyrequestisoften“Yes，1can.”Womenstruggletosay“no”intheworkplaceforsimilarreasons,includingthedesiretobelikedbytheircolleagues.Unfortunately,thisinabilitytosay“no”maybehurtingwomen’shealthaswellastheircareer.Attheworkplace,menuseconflictasawaytopositionthemselves,whilewomenoftenavoidconflictorstrivetobethepeacemaker,becausetheydon\'twanttobeviewedasaggressiveordisruptiveatwork.Forexample,there’saproblemthatneedstobeaddressedimmediately,resultinginadisputeoverwhoshouldbetheonetofixit.Menaremorelikelytofacethatdisputefromtheperspectiveofwhatbenefitsthemmost，whereaswomenmayapproachthesamedisputefromtheperspectiveofwhat’stheeasiestandquickestwaytoresolvetheproblem—evenifthatmeansdoingtheboringworkthemselves.Thisdifferenceinhandlingconflictcouldbethedecidingfactoronwhogetspromotedtoaleadershippositionandwhodoesnot.Leadershavetobeabletodelegateandmanageresourceswisely—includingstaffexpertise.Shoulderingmoreoftheworkloadmaynotearnyouthatpromotion.Instead,itmayhighlightyourinabilitytodelegateeffectively.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第57页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)51.Whatdoestheauthorsayistheproblemwithwomen?A)Theyareoftenunclearaboutthecareergoalstoreach.B)Theyareusuallymorecommittedathomethanonthejob.C)Theytendtobeover-optimisticabouthowfartheycouldgo.D)Theytendtopushthemselvesbeyondthelimitsoftheirability.52.Whydoworkingwomenofchild-bearingagetendtofeeldrainedofenergy?A)Theystruggletosatisfythedemandsofbothworkandhome.B)Theyaretoodevotedtoworkandunabletorelaxasaresult.C)Theydotheirbesttocooperatewiththeirworkmates.D)Theyareobligedtotakeuptoomanyresponsibilities.53.Whatmayhinderthefutureprospectsofcareerwomen?A)Theirunwillingnesstosay“no”.B)Theirdesiretobeconsideredpowerful.C)Anunderestimateoftheirownability.D)Alackofcouragetofacechallenges.54.Menandwomendifferintheirapproachtoresolvingworkplaceconflictsinthat_______.A)womentendtobeeasilysatisfiedB)menaregenerallymorepersuasiveC)mentendtoputtheirpersonalinterestsfirstD)womenaremuchmorereadytocompromise55.Whatisimportanttoagoodleader?A)Adominantpersonality.C)Thecouragetoadmitfailure.B)Theabilitytodelegate.D)Astrongsenseofresponsibility.PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.泰山位于山东省西部。海拔1500余米，方圆约400平方公里。泰山不仅雄伟壮观，而且是一座历史文化名山，过去3000多年一直是人们前往朝拜的地方。据记载，共有72位帝王曾来此游览。许多作家到泰山获取灵感，写诗作文，艺术家也来此绘画。山上因此留下了许许多多的文2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第58页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)物古迹。泰山如今己成为中国一处主要的旅游景点。注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。答案12345678910111213141516171819202122232425DBBCBDADACBCABCACBCDBACAD26272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950KDMOAFHICJIECDBHGFAJDCACB5152535455DAADB2017年12月大学英语四级真题试题三(完整版)PartIWriting(25minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanashorteasyonhowtobesthandletherelationshipbetweenteachersandstudents.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)说明：2017年12月大学英语四级考试全国共考了两套听力.本套的听力内容与第二套相同，因此本套听力部分不再重复给出。PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionA2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第59页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices,Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TechnologicalchangesbroughtdramaticnewoptionstoAmericanslivinginthe1990s.Duringthisdecadenewformsofentertainment,commerce,research,andcommunicationbecamecommonplaceintheU.S.Thedrivingforcebehindmuchofthischangewasa(n)(26)_______popularlyknownastheInternet.TheInternetwasdevelopedduringthe1970sbytheDepartmentofDefense.Inthecaseofanattack,militaryadviserssuggestedthe(27)_______ofbeingabletooperateonecomputerfromanotherterminal.Intheearlydays,theInternetwasusedmainlybyscientiststocommunicatewithotherscientists.TheInternet(28)_______undergovernmentcontroluntil1984.OneearlyproblemfacedbyInternetuserswasspeed.Phonelinescouldonlytransmitinformationata(29)_______rate.Thedevelopmentoffiber-optic(光纤）cablesallowedforbillionsofbitsofinformationtobereceivedeveryminute.CompanieslikeInteldevelopedfastermicroprocessors,sopersonalcomputerscouldprocessthe(30)_______signalsatamorerapidrate.Intheearly1990s,theWorldWideWebwasdeveloped,inlargepart,for(31)_______purposes.Corporationscreatedhomepageswheretheycouldplacetextandgraphicstosellproducts.Soonairlinetickets,hotel(32)_______,andevencarsandhomescouldbepurchasedonline.Universities(33)_______researchdataontheInternet,sostudentscouldfind(34)_______informationwithoutleavingtheirdormitories.Companiessoondiscoveredthatworkcouldbedoneathomeand(35)_______online,soawholenewclassoftelecommutersbegantoearnalivingfromhomeofficesunshavenandwearingpajamas(睡衣）.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A)advantageB)commercialC)conservationD)equippedE)incomingF)innovationG)limitedH)localI)maintainedJ)occupationsK)postedL)remainedM)reservationsN)submittedO)valuableSectionB2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第60页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheHealthBenefitsofKnitting[A]About15yearsago,Iwasinvitedtojoinaknittinggroup,Iagreedtogiveitatry.[B]Mymotherhastaughtmetoknitat15,andIknittedinclassthroughoutcollegeandforafewyearsthereafter.Thendecadespassedwithoutmytouchingaknittingneedle.ButwithintwoMondaysinthegroup,Iwashooked,notonlyonknittingbutalsooncrocheting(钩织)，andIwasonmywaytobecomingahighlyproductivecrafter.[C]I’vemadecountlessbabyblankets，sweaters，scarves,hats，capsfornewborns.Itakeaknittingprojectwithmeeverywhere,especiallywhenIhavetositstillandlisten.AsIdiscoveredincollege,whenmyhandsarebusy,mymindstaysfocusedonthehereandnow.[D]Itseems,too,thatI’mpartofanationalrenewalofinterestinneedleandotherhandicrafts(手工艺）.TheCraftYarnCouncilreportsthatathirdofwomenages25-35nowknitorcrochet.Evenmenandschoolchildrenareswellingtheranks,amongthemmyfriend’sthreesmallgrandsons.LastApril,thecouncilcreatedaStitchAwayStress”campaigninhonorofNationalStressAwarenessMonth.Dr.HerbertBenson,apioneerinmind/bodymedicineandauthorofTheRelaxationResponse,saysthattherepetitiveactionofneedleworkcaninducearelaxedstatelikethatassociatedwithmeditation(沉思)andyoga.Onceyougetbeyondtheinitiallearningcurve,knittingandcrochetingcanlowerheartrateandbloodpressure.[E]Butunlikemeditation，craftactivitiesresultintangibleandoftenusefulproductsthatcanenhanceself-esteem.Ikeepphotosofmysingularaccomplishmentsonmycellphonetoboostmyspiritswhenneeded.[F]Sincethe1990s,thecouncilhassurveyedhundredsofthousandsofknittersandcrocheters,whoroutinelyliststressreliefandcreativefulfillmentastheactivities’mainbenefits.Amongthemisthefatherofaprematurelyborndaughterwhoreportedthatduringthebaby5sfiveweeksintheintensivecareunit,“learninghowtoknitinfanthatsgavemeasenseofpurposeduringatimethatI2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第61页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)feltveryhelpless.It’sahobbythatI’vestuckwith,anditcontinues;tohelpmecopewithstressatwork,provideasenseoforderinhectic(忙乱的）days,andallowmybraintimetosolveproblems.’’[G]Arecentemailfromtheyarn(纺纱)companyRedHearttitled“HealthBenefitsofCrochetingandKnitting”promptedmetoexplorewhatelsemightbeknownaboutthehealthvalueofactivitieslikeknitting.Myresearchrevealedthattherewardsgowellbeyondreplacingstressandanxietywiththesatisfactionofcreation.[H]Forexample,KarenHayes,alifecoachinToronto,conductsknittingtherapyprograms,includingKnittoQuittohelpsmokersgiveupthehabit,andKnittoHealforpeoplecopingwithhealthcrises,likeacancerdiagnosisorseriousillnessofafamilymember.Schoolsandprisonswithcraftprogramsreportthattheyhaveacalmingeffectandenhancesocialskills.Andhavingtofollowinstructionsoncomplexcraftprojectscanimprovechildren’smathskills.[I]Somepeoplefindthatcraftworkhelpsthemcontroltheirweight.Justasit’schallengingtosmokewhileknitting,whenhandsareholdingneedlesandhooks，there,slesssnackingandmindlesseatingoutofboredom.[J]I’vefoundthatmyhandiworkwithyamhashelpedmyarthritic(患关节炎的）fingersremainmoredexterous(灵巧的）asIage.AwomanencouragedtotryknittingandcrochetingafterdevelopinganautoimmunediseasethatcausedalotofhandpainreportedontheCraftYamCouncilsitethatherhandsarenowlessstiffandpainful.[K]A2009UniversityofBritishColumbiastudyof38womenwithaneatingdisorderwhoweretaughttoknitfoundthatlearningthecraftledtosignificantimprovements.Seventy-fourpercentofthewomensaidtheactivitylessenedtheirfearsandkeptthemfromthinkingabouttheirproblem.[L]BetsanCorkhill,awellnesscoachinBath,England,andauthorofthebookKnitforHealth&Wellness，establishedawebsite,Stitchlinks,toexplorethevalueofwhatshecallstherapeuticknitting.Amongherrespondents,54percentofthosewhowereclinicallydepressedsaidthatknittingmadethemfeelhappyorveryhappy.Inastudyof60self-selectedpeoplewithpersistentpain,Ms.Corkhillandcolleaguesreportedthatknittingenabledthemtoredirecttheirfocus,reducingtheirawarenessofpain.Shesuggestedthatthebraincanprocessjustsomuchatonce,andthatactivities2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第62页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)likeknittingandcrochetingmakeitharderforthebraintoregisterpainsignals.Perhapsmostexcitingisresearchthatsuggeststhatcraftslikeknittingandcrochetingmayhelptokeepoffadeclineinbrainfunctionwithage.Ina2011study,researchersledbyDr.YonasGedaattheMayoClinicinRochesterinterviewedarandom(随机的）sampleof1,321peopleages70-89，mostofwhomwerecognitively(在认知方面）normal,aboutthecognitiveactivitiestheyengagedinlateinlife.Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofNeuropsychiatry&ClinicalNeurosciences,foundthatthosewhoengagedincraftslikeknittingandcrochetinghadadiminishedchanceofdevelopingmildcognitivedisorderandmemoryloss.[M]Althoughitispossiblethatonlypeoplewhoarecognitivelyhealthywouldpursuesuchactivities,thosewhoreadnewspapersormagazinesorplayedmusicdidnotshowsimilarbenefits.Theresearchersspeculatethatcraftactivitiespromotethedevelopmentofnervepathwaysinthebrainthathelptomaintaincognitivehealth.[N]Insupportofthatsuggestion,a2014studybyDeniseC.ParkoftheUniversityofTexasatDallasandcolleaguesdemonstratedthatlearningtoknitordodigitalphotographyenhancedmemoryfunctioninolderadults.Thosewhoengagedinactivitiesthatwerenotintellectuallychallenging,eitherinasocialgrouporalone，didnotshowsuchimprovements.[O]Giventhatsustainedsocialcontactshavebeenshowntosupporthealthandalonglife,thosewishingtomaximizethehealthvalueofcraftsmightconsiderjoiningagroupoflike-mindedfolks.Iforonetrynottomissasingleweeklymeetingofmyknittinggroup.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。51.Whentheauthorwasacollegestudent,shefoundthatknittinghelpedherconcentrate.52.Knittingcanhelppeoplestayawayfromtobacco.53.Evenmenandchildrenarenowjoiningthearmyofknitters.54.Beingamemberofacraftsgroupenhancesone’shealthandprolongsone’slife.55.Knittingdivertspeople9sattentionfromtheirpain.56.Theauthorlearnttoknitasateenager,butitwasnotuntilshewasmucholderthatshebecamekeenlyinterested.57.Whenpeopleareknitting,theytendtoeatfewersnacks.58.Surveyfindingsshowthatknittingcanhelppeoplerelievestress.59.Accordingtoastudy,knittersandcrochetersarelesslikelytosuffermildcognitivedamage.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第63页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)60.Theproductsofknittingcanincreaseone’ssenseofself-respect.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.NobodyreallyknowshowbigLagosis.What’sindisputableisthatit’sgrowingveryquickly.Betweennowand2050,theurbanpopulationofAfricacouldtriple.Yetcitiesinsub-SaharanAfricaarenotgettingricherthewaycitiesintherestoftheworldhave.MosturbanAfricansliveinslums(贫民窟）；migrantsareoftennotmuchbetteroffthantheywereinthecountryside.Why?Theimmediateproblemispoverty.MostofAfricaisurbanisingatalowerlevelofincomethanotherregionsoftheworlddid.Thatmeansthere’slittlemoneyaroundforinvestmentthatwouldmakecitiesliveableandmoreproductive.Withoutupgradesandnewcapacity，bridges，roadsandpowersystemsareunabletocopewithexpandingpopulations.WiththeexceptionofSouthAfrica,theonlylightrailmetrosysteminsub-SaharanAfricaisinAddisAbaba,Ethiopia.Trafficjamleadstoexpenseandunpredictability,thingsthatkeepinvestorsaway.Inotherpartsoftheworld,increasingagriculturalproductivityandindustrialisationwenttogether.Moreproductivefarmersmeanttherewasasurplusthatcouldfeedcities；inturn,thatcreatedapooloflabourforfactories.ButAfricancitiesaredifferent.Theyaretoooftenbuiltaroundconsumingnaturalresources.Governmentisconcentratedincapitals，soisthemoney.MosturbanAfricansworkforasmallminorityoftherich,whotendtobeinvolvedineithercronyish(有裙带关系的)businessesorpolitics.SinceAfricanagricultureisstillbroadlyunproductive,foodisimported,consumingaportionofrevenue.Sowhatcanbedone?ThroughAfricancountriesarepoor,notallAfricancitiesare.InLagos,foreignoilworkerscanpayasmuchas$65,000peryearinrentforamodestapartmentinasafepartoftown.Ifthatincomewerebettertaxed,itmightprovidetherevenueforbetterinfrastructure.Ifcityleadersweremoreaccountabletotheirresidents,theymightfavourprojectsdesignedtohelpthemmore.Yetevenasnewroadsarebuilt,newpeoplearrive.Whenacity’spopulationgrowsby5%ayear,itisdifficulttokeepup.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第64页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。46.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutcitiesinsub-SaharanAfrica?A)Theyhavemoreslumsthanothercitiesintheworld.B)Theyaregrowingfastwithoutbecomingricher.C)Theyareasmodernisedasmanycitieselsewhere.D)Theyattractmigrantswhowanttobebetteroff.47.Whatdoestheauthorimplyabouturbanisationinotherpartsoftheworld?A)Itbenefitedfromthecontributionofimmigrants.B)Itstartedwhenpeople’sincomewasrelativelyhigh.C)Itbenefitedfromtheacceleratedriseinproductivity.D)Itstartedwiththeimprovementofpeople’slivelihood.48.Whyissub-SaharanAfricaunappealingtoinvestors?A)Itlacksadequatetransportfacilities.B)Thelivingexpensestherearetoohigh.C)Itisonthewholetoodenselypopulated.D)Thelocalgovernmentsarecorrupted.49.InwhatwaydoestheauthorsayAfricancitiesaredifferent?A)Theyhaveattractedhugenumbersoffarmlabourers.B)Theystillrelyheavilyonagriculturalproductivity.C)Theyhavedevelopedattheexpenseofnature.D)Theydependfarmoreonforeigninvestment.50.WhatmightbeasolutiontotheproblemsfacingAfricancities?2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第65页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)A)Loweringofapartmentrent.B)Bettereducationforresidents.C)Morerationaloverallplanning.D)Amoreresponsiblegovernment.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Forthepastseveraldecades，itseemsthere’sbeenageneralconsensusonhowtogetaheadinAmerica:Getacollegeeducation,findareliablejob,andbuyyourownhome.ButdoAmericansstillbelieveinthatpath,andiftheydo,isitattainable?ThemostrecentNationalJournalpollaskedrespondentsabouttheAmericandream,whatittakestoachievetheirgoals,andwhetherornottheyfeltasignificantamountofcontrolovertheirabilitytobesuccessful.Overwhelmingly,theresultsshowthattoday,theideaoftheAmericandream—andwhatittakestoachieveit一looksquitedifferentthanitdidinthelate20thcentury.Byandlarge,peoplefeltthattheiractionsandhardwork—notoutsideforces—werethedecidingfactorinhowtheirlivesturnedout.Butrespondentshaddecidedlymixedfeelingsaboutwhatactionsmakeforabetterlifeinthecurrenteconomy.Inthelastsevenyears，Americanshavegrownmorepessimisticaboutthepowerofeducationtoleadtosuccess.Eventhoughtheyseegoingtocollegeasafairlyachievablegoal,amajority—52percent—thinkthatyoungpeopledonotneedafour-yearcollegeeducationinordertobesuccessful.MiguelMaeda,42，whohasamaster’sdegreeandworksinpublichealth,wasthefirstinhisfamilytogotocollege,whichhasallowedhimtoachieveasenseoffinancialstabilityhisparentsandgrandparentsneverdid.Whilesome,likeMaeda,emphasizedthevalueofthedegreeratherthantheeducationitself,othersstillseecollegeasawaytogainnewperspectivesandlifeexperiences.Sixty-year-oldWillFendley,whohadasuccessfulcareerinthemilitaryandneverearnedacollegedegree,thinks“personaldrive”isfarmoreimportantthanjustgoingtocollege.ToFendley,asenseofdriveandpurpose,aswellasaneffectivehigh-schooleducation,andbasiclifeskills,likebalancingacheckbook,arethenecessaryingredientsforasuccessfullifeinAmerica.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。51.ItusedtobecommonlyacknowledgedthattosucceedinAmerica,onehadtohave_______.E)anadvancedacademicdegree2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第66页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)F)anambitiontogetaheadG)afirmbeliefintheirdreamH)asenseofdriveandpurpose52.WhatisthefindingofthelatestNationalJournalpollconcerningtheAmericandream?A)MoreandmoreAmericansarefindingithardtorealize.B)ItremainsaliveamongthemajorityofAmericanpeople.C)Americans’ideaofithaschangedoverthepastfewdecades.D)AnincreasingnumberofyoungAmericansareabandoningit.53.WhatdoAmericansnowthinkoftheroleofcollegeeducationinachievingsuccess?E)Itstillremainsopentodebate.F)Ithasprovedtobebeyonddoubt.G)Itisnolongerasimportantasitusedtobe.H)Itismuchbetterunderstoodnowthanever.54.Howdosomepeopleviewcollegeeducationthesedays?A）Itpromotesgenderequality.C)Itaddstoculturaldiversity.B）Itneedstobestrengthened.D)Ithelpsbroadentheirminds.55.WhatisonefactoressentialtosuccessinAmerica,accordingtoWillFendley?A）Adesiretolearnandtoadapt.B）Astrongsenseofresponsibility.C）Awillingnesstocommitoneself.D）Aclearaimandhighmotivation.PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.华山位于华阴市,距西安120公里。华山是秦岭的一部分,秦岭不仅分隔陕南与陕北,也分隔华南与华北。与从前人们常去朝拜的泰山不同,华山过去很少有人光临,因为上山的道路极其危险。然而,希望长寿的人却经常上山,因为山上生长着许多药草,特别是一些稀有的药草。自上世纪90年代安装缆车以来,参观人数大大增加。2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第67页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。答案1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950FALGEBMKONCHDOLBIFLEBBACD5152535455BCADD2017年6月大学英语四级真题试题一(完整版)PartIWriting(25minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanadvertisementonyourcampuswebsitetosellacomputeryouusedatcollege.Youradvertisementmayincludeitsbrand,specifications/features,conditionandprice,andyourcontactinformation.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandquestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearquestions,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmark2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第68页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)thecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。Questions1to2arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.2.A)Themaninthecarwasabsent-minded.B)Thetestdrivermadeawrongjudgement.C)Theself-drivingsystemwasfaulty.D)Thecarwasmovingatafastspeed.2.A)Theyhavedonebetterthanconventionalcars.B)Theyhavecausedseveralseverecrashes.C)Theyhaveposedathreattootherdrivers.D)Theyhavegenerallydonequitewell.Questions3to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.3.A)Heworksatanationalpark.B)Heisaqueenbeenspecialist.C)Heremovedthebeyondfromtheboot.D)Hedrovethebeesawayfromhiscar.4.A)TheywerelookingafterthequeenB)TheyweremakingalotofnoiseC)TheywerelookingforanewboxtoliveinD)TheyweredancinginauniquewayQuestions5to7arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A)ThediscoveryofanewspeciesofsnakeB)ThesecondtriptoasmallremoteislandC)Thefindingof2newspeciesoffrogD)Thelatesttestonrareanimalspecies6.A)ApoisonoussnakeattackedhimonhisfieldtripB)HediscoveredararefogonadesertedC)AsnakecrawledontohisheadinhissleepD)Hefellfromatallpalmtreebyaccident2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第69页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)7.A)FromitsgenesB)FromitslengthC)FromitsoriginD)FromitscolourSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)ThesecuritychecktakestimeB)HehastocheckalotofluggageC)Hisflightisleavinginlessthan2hoursD)Theairportisalongwayfromthehotel9.A)IncashB)BycreditcardC)Withatraveler’scheckD)Withhissmartphone10.A)GivehimareceiptB)ConfirmhisflightC)LookafterhisluggageD)Findaporterforhim11.A)SigningupformembershipofSHotelB)StayinginthesamehotelnexttimehecomesC)LoadingherluggageontotheairportshuttleD)Postingacommentonthehotel’swebpageQuestions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)HeistheonlyboyinhisfamilyB)Hebecomestearfulinwind2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第70页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)C)HehasstoppedmakingterriblefacesD)Heishisteacher\'sfavoritestudent13.A)TellhimtoplayinherbackyardB)DosomethingfunnytoamusehimC)GivehimsomecherrystonestoplaywithD)Warnhimofdangerbymakingupastory14.A)Theycouldbreakpeople\'slegsB)TheycouldsometimesterrifyadultsC)TheycouldflyagainstastrongwindD)Theycouldknockpeopleunconscious15.A)OnewouldgetaspotontheirtonguesiftheytoldaliedeliberatelyB)OnewouldhavetoshavetheirheadtoremoveabatintheirhairC)OnewouldgotoprisoniftheyputastamponupsidedownD)OnewouldhavecurlyhairiftheyatetoomuchstalebreadSectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassagesoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Everythingseemedtobechanging.B)Peoplewereformalanddisciplined.C)Peoplewereexcitedtogotravellingoverseas.D)ThingsfromtheVictorianeracamebackalive.17.A)WatchingTVathome.B)Meetingpeople.C)Drinkingcoffee.D)Tryingnewfoods.20.A)Hewasinterestedinstylishdresses.B)Hewasabletotakealotofmoney.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第71页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)C)Hewasastudentinthe1960s.D)Hewasamanfullofimagination.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.21.A)Theyavoidlookingatthem.B)Theyrunawayimmediately.C)Theyshowangerontheirfaces.D)Theymakethreateningsounds.20.A)Itturnstoitsownerforhelp.B)Itturnsawaytoavoidconflict.C)Itlooksawayandgetsangry,too.D)Itfocusesitseyesontheirmouths.21.A)Byobservingtheirfacialfeaturescarefully.B)Byfocusingonaparticularbodymovement.C)Bytakingintheirfacialexpressionsasawhole.D)Byinterpretingdifferentemotionsindifferentways.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)Theyhavetolookforfoodandshelterunderground.B)Theytakelittlenoticeofthechangesintemperature.C)Theyresorttodifferentmeanstosurvivethebittercold.D)Theyhavedifficultyadaptingtothechangedenvironment.23.A)Theyhavetheirweightreducedtominimum.B)Theyconsumetheenergystoredbeforethelongsleep.C)Theycanmaintaintheirheartbeatatthenormalrate.D)Theycankeeptheirbodytemperaturewarmandstable.24.A)Bystayinginhidingplacesandeatingverylittle.B)Byseekingfoodandshelterinpeople’shouses.C)Bygrowingthickerhairtostaywarm.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第72页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)D)Bystoringenoughfoodbeforehand.25.A)Tostaysafe.B)Tosaveenergy.C)Tokeepcompany.D)Toprotecttheyoung.PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices,Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Themethodformakingbeerhaschangedovertime.Hops(啤酒花)，forexample,whichgivemanyamodembeeritsbitterflavor,area(26)_______recentadditiontothebeverage.Thiswasfirstmentionedinreferencetobrewingintheninthcentury.Now,researchershavefounda(27)_______ingredientinresidue(残留物）from5,000-year-oldbeerbrewingequipment.WhilediggingtwopitsatasiteinthecentralplainsofChina,scientistsdiscoveredfragmentsfrompotsandvessels.Thedifferentshapesofthecontainers(28)_______theywereusedtobrew,filter,andstorebeer.Theymaybeancient“beer-makingtools,”andtheearliest(29_______evidenceofbeerbrewinginChina,theresearchersreportedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.To(30)_______thattheory,theteamexaminedtheyellowish,dried(31)_______insidethevessels.Themajorityofthegrains,about80%,werefromcerealcropslikebarley(大麦),andabout10%werebitsofroots,(32)_______lily,whichwouldhavemadethebeersweeter,thescientistssay.Barleywasanunexpectedfind:thecropwasdomesticatedinWesternEurasiaanddidn\'tbecomea(33)_______foodincentralChinauntilabout2,000yearsago,accordingtotheresearchers.Basedonthattiming,theyindicatebarleymayhave(34)_______intheregionnotasfood,butas(35)_______materialforbeerbrewing.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A)ArrivedB)consumingC)directD)exclusively2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第73页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)E)includingF)informG)rawH)reachedI)relativelyJ)remainsK)resourcesL)stapleM)suggestN)surprisingO)testSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheBlessingandCurseofthePeopleWhoNeverForgetAhandfulofpeoplecanrecallalmosteverydayoftheirlivesinenormousdetail—andafteryearsofresearch,neuroscientists(神经科学专家)arefinallybeginningtounderstandhowtheydoit.[A]Formostofus,memoryisamessofblurredandfadedpicturesofourlives.Asmuchaswewouldliketoclingontoourpast,eventhesaddestmomentscanbewashedawaywithtime.[B]AskNimaVeisehwhathewasdoingforanydayinthepast15years,however,andhewillgiveyouthedetailsoftheweather,whathewaswearing,orevenwhatsideofthetrainhewassittingonhisjourneytowork.“Mymemoryislikealibraryofvideotapes,walk-throughsofeverydayofmylifefromwakingtosleeping,”heexplains.[C]Veisehcanevenputadateonwhenthosetapesstartedrecording:15December2000,whenhemethisfirstgirlfriendathisbestfriend\'s16thbirthdayparty.Hehadalwayshadagoodmemory,butthethrillofyoungloveseemstohaveshiftedagearinhismind:fromnowon,hewouldstartrecordinghiswholelifeindetail.“Icouldtellyoueverythingabouteverydayafterthat.”[D]Needlesstosay,peoplelikeVeisehareofgreatinteresttoneuroscientistshopingtounderstandthewaythebrainrecordsourlives.Acoupleofrecentpapershavefinallyopenedawindowonthesepeople’sextraordinaryminds.Andsuchresearchmightevensuggestwaysforusalltoreliveourpastwithgreaterclarity.[E]“Highlysuperiorautobiographicalmemory”（orHSAMforshort)firstcametolightintheearly2000s,withayoungwomannamedJillPrice.EmailingtheneuroscientistandmemoryresearcherJimMcGaughoneday,sheclaimedthatshecouldrecalleverydayofherlifesincetheageof12.Couldhehelpexplainherexperiences?[F]McGaughinvitedhertohislab,andbegantotesther:hewouldgiveheradateandaskhertotellhimabouttheworldeventsonthatday.Truetoherword,shewascorrectalmosteverytime.[G]Itdidn’ttakelongformagazinesanddocumentaryfilm-makerstocometounderstandher“totalrecall”，andthanktothesubsequentmediainterest,afewdozenothersubjects(includingVeiseh)have2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第74页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)sincecomeforwardandcontactedtheteamattheUniversityofCalifornia,Irvine.[H]Interestingly,theirmemoriesarehighlyself-centred:althoughtheycanremember“autobiographical”lifeeventsinextraordinarydetail,theyseemtobenobetterthanaverageatrecallingimpersonalinformation,suchasrandom(任意选取的）listsofwords.Noraretheynecessarilybetteratrememberingaroundofdrinks,say.Andalthoughtheirmemoriesarevast,theyarestilllikelytosufferfrom“falsememories”.Clearly,thereisnosuchthingasa“perfect”memory—theirextraordinarymindsarestillusingthesameflawedtoolsthattherestofusrelyon.Thequestionis,how?[I]LawrencePatihisattheUniversityofSouthernMississippirecentlystudiedaround20peoplewithHSAMandfoundthattheyscoredparticularlyhighontwomeasures:fantasyproneness(倾向)andabsorption.Fantasypronenesscouldbeconsideredatendencytoimagineanddaydream,whereasabsorptionisthetendencytoallowyourmindtobecomefullyabsorbedinanactivitytopaycompleteattentiontothesensations(感受)andtheexperiences.“I’mextremelysensitivetosounds,smellsandvisualdetail,”explainsNicoleDonohue,whohastakenpartinmanyofthesestudies.“Idefinitelyfeelthingsmorestronglythantheaverageperson.”[J]Theabsorptionhelpsthemtoestablishstrongfoundationsforrecollection,saysPatihis,andthefantasypronenessmeansthattheyrevisitthosememoriesagainandagaininthecomingweeksandmonths.Eachtimethisinitialmemorytraceis“replayed”,itbecomesevenstronger.Insomeways,youprobablygothroughthatprocessafterabigeventlikeyourweddingday,butthedifferenceisthatthankstotheirotherpsychologicaltendencies,theHSAMsubjectsaredoingitdayin,dayout,forthewholeoftheirlives.[K]NoteveryonewithatendencytofantasisewilldevelopHSAM,though,soPatihissuggeststhatsomethingmusthavecausedthemtothinksomuchabouttheirpast.“Maybesomeexperienceintheirchildhoodmeantthattheybecameobsessed(着迷）withcalendarsandwhathappenedtothem,”saysPatihis.[L]ThepeoplewithHSAMI’veinterviewedwouldcertainlyagreethatitcanbeamixedblessing.Ontheplusside,itallowsyoutorelivethemosttransformativeandenrichingexperiences.Veiseh,forinstance,travelledalotinhisyouth.Inhissparetime,hevisitedthelocalartgalleries,andthepaintingsarenowlodgeddeepinhisautobiographicalmemories.[M]“Imaginebeingabletoremembereverypainting,oneverywall,ineverygalleryspace,betweennearly40countries，”hesays.“That’sabigeducationinartbyitself.”Withthiscomprehensiveknowledgeofthehistoryofart,hehassincebecomeaprofessionalpainter.[N]Donohue,nowahistoryteacher,agreesthatithelpedduringcertainpartsofhereducation.“IcandefinitelyrememberwhatIlearnedoncertaindaysatschool.Icouldimaginewhattheteacherwassayingorwhatitlookedlikeinthebook.”[O]NoteveryonewithHSAMhasexperiencedthesebenefits,however.Viewingthepastinhigh2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第75页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)definitioncanmakeitverydifficulttogetoverpainandregret.“Itcanbeveryhardtoforgetembarrassingmoments,”saysDonohue.“Youfeelthesameemotions—itisjustasraw,justasfresh...Youcan’tturnoffthatstreamofmemories,nomatterhowhardyoutry.”Veisehagrees.“Itislikehavingtheseopenwounds—theyarejustapartofyou,”hesays.[P]Thismeanstheyoftenhavetomakeaspecialefforttolaythepasttorest.Bill,forinstance,oftengetspainful“flashbacks”，inwhichunwantedmemoriesintrudeintohisconsciousness,butoverallhehaschosentoseeitasthebestwayofavoidingrepeatingthesamemistakes.“Somepeopleareabsorbedinthepastbutnotopentonewmemories,butthat’snotthecaseforme.Ilookforwardtoeachdayandexperiencingsomethingnew.”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。36.PeoplewithHSAMhavethesamememoryasordinarypeoplewhenitcomestoimpersonalinformation.37.FantasypronenesswillnotnecessarilycausepeopletodevelopHSAM.38.Veisehbegantorememberthedetailsofhiseverydayexperiencesafterhemethisfirstyounglove.39.ManymorepeoplewithHSAMstartedtocontactresearchersduetothemassmedia.40.PeoplewithHSAMoftenhavetomakeeffortstoavoidfocusingonthepast.41.Mostpeopledonothaveclearmemoriesofpastevents.42.HSAMcanbebothacurseandablessing.43.Ayoungwomansoughtexplanationfromabrainscientistwhenshenoticedherunusualmemory.44.SomepeoplewithHSAMfinditveryhardtogetridofunpleasantmemories.45.ArecentstudyofpeoplewithHSAMrevealsthattheyareliabletofantasyandfullabsorptioninanactivity.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thephrasealmostcompletesitself:midlifecrisis.It’sthestageinthemiddleofthejourneywhenpeoplefeelyouthvanishing,theirprospectsnarrowinganddeathapproaching.There’sonlyoneproblemwiththecliche(套话).Itisn’ttrue.“Infact,thereisalmostnohardevidenceformidlifecrisisotherthanafewsmallpilotstudiesconducteddecadesago,”BarbaraHagertywritesinhernewbook,LifeReimagined.Thevastbulkoftheresearchshowsthattheremaybeapause,orashiftingofgearsinthe40sor50s,butthisshift“canbe2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第76页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)exciting,ratherthanterrifying”.BarbaraHagertylooksatsomeofthefeaturesofpeoplewhoturnmidlifeintoarebirth.Theybreakroutines,because“autopilotisdeath”.Theychoosepurposeoverhappiness一havingaclearsenseofpurposeevenreducestheriskofAlzheimer’sdisease.Theygiveprioritytorelationships,ascareersoftenrecede(逐渐淡化).LifeReimaginedpaintsapictureofmiddleagethatisfarfromgloomy.Midlifeseemslikethesecondbigphaseofdecision-making.Youridentityhasbeenformed;you’vebuiltupyourresources;andnowyouhavethechancetotakethebigriskspreciselybecauseyourfoundationisalreadysecure.KarlBarthdescribedmidlifepreciselythisway.Atmiddleage,hewrote,“thesowingisbehind;nowisthetimetoreap.Therunhasbeentaken;nowisthetimetoleap.Preparationhasbeenmade;nowisthetimefortheventureoftheworkitself.”Themiddle-agedperson,Barthcontinued,canseedeathinthedistance,butmoveswitha“measuredhaste”togetbignewthingsdonewhilethereisstilltime.WhatBarthwrotedecadesagoiseventruertoday.Peoplearehealthyandenergeticlonger.Wehavepresidentialcandidatesrunningfortheirfirstterminofficeatage68,69and74.Alongerlifespanischangingthenarrativestructureoflifeitself.Whatcouldhavebeenconsideredthebeginningofadescentisnowapotentialturningpoint—theturningpointyouaremostequippedtotakefulladvantageof.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。46.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthephrase“midlifecrisis”？A)Ithasledtoalotofdebate.B)Itiswidelyacknowledged.C)Itisnolongerfashionable.D)Itmisrepresentsreallife.47.HowdoesBarbaraHagertyviewmidlife?A)Itmaybethebeginningofacrisis.B)Itcanbeanewphaseofone’slife.C)Itcanbeterrifyingfortheunprepared.D)Itmayseeold-agediseasesapproaching.48.HowismidlifepicturedinthebookLifeReimagined?A)Itcanbequiterose.B)Itcanbeburdensome.C)Itundergoesradicaltransformation.D)Itmakesforthebestpartofone’slife.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第77页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)49.AccordingtoKarlBarth,midlifeisthetime_______.A)torelaxB)tomatureC)toharvestD)toreflect50.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutmidlifetoday?A)Itismoremeaningfulthanotherstagesoflife.B)Itislikelytochangethenarrativeofone’slife,C)Itismoreimportanttothosewithalongerlifespan.D)Itislikelytobeacriticalturningpointinone’slife.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inspring,chickensstartlayingagain,bringingawelcomesourceofproteinatwinter’send.Soit’snosurprisethatculturesaroundtheworldcelebratespringbyhonoringtheegg.Sometraditionsaresimple,liketheredeggsthatgetbakedintoGreekEasterbreads.Otherselevatetheeggintoafancyart,liketheheavilyjewel-covered“eggs”thatwerefavoredbytheRussiansstartinginthe19thcentury.OneancientformofeggartcomestousfromUkraine.Forcenturies,Ukrainianshavebeendrawingcomplicatedpatternsoneggs.Contemporaryartistshavefollowedthistraditiontocreateeggsthatspeaktotheanxietiesofourage:Lifeisprecious,anddelicate.Eggsare,too.“There’ssomethingabouttheirdelicatenaturethatappealstome,”saysNewYorkercartoonistRozChast.Severalyearsago,shebecameinterestedineggsandlearnedthetraditionalUkrainiantechniquetodrawherverymodemcharacters.“I’vebrokeneggsateverystageoftheprocess—fromtheverybeginningtothevery,veryend.”Butthere’sanappealinthatvulnerability.“There’spartofthissickeninghorrorofknowingyou’rewalkingontheedgewiththis,thatIkindoflike,knowingthatitcouldallfallapartatanysecond.”Chast’sdesigns,suchasaworriedmanaloneinatinyrowboat,reflectthatdelicateness.TraditionalUkrainiandecoratedeggsalsospoketothosefears.Theelaboratepatternswerebelievedtoofferprotectionagainstevil.“There’sanancientlegendthataslongastheseeggsaremade,evilwillnotprevailintheworld,”saysJoanBrander,aCanadianegg-painterwhohasbeenpaintingeggsforover60years,havinglearnedtheartfromherUkrainianrelatives.Thetradition,datingbackto300B.C.,waslaterincorporatedintotheChristianchurch.Theoldsymbols,however,stillendure.Adecoratedeggwithabirdonit,giventoayoungmarriedcouple,isawishforchildren.Adecoratedeggthrownintothefieldwouldbeawishforagoodharvest.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第78页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。51.Whydopeopleinmanyculturesprizetheegg?A)Itisawelcomesignofthecomingofspring.B)Itistheirmajorsourceofproteininwinter.C)Itcaneasilybemadeintoaworkofart.D)Itcanbringwealthandhonortothem.52.Whatdowelearnaboutthedecorated“eggs”inRussia?A)Theyareshapedlikejewelcases.B)Theyarecherishedbytherich.C)Theyareheavilypaintedinred.D)Theyarefavoredasaformofart.53.Whyhavecontemporaryartistscontinuedtheeggarttradition?A)Eggsserveasanenduringsymbolofnewlife.B)Eggshaveanovalshapeappealingtoartists.C)Eggsreflecttheanxietiesofpeopletoday.D)Eggsprovideauniquesurfacetopainton.54.WhydoesChastenjoytheprocessofdecoratingeggs?A)Sheneverknowsiftheeggwillbreakbeforethedesigniscompleted.B)Shecanaddmultipledetailstothedesigntocommunicateheridea.C)Shealwaysderivesgreatpleasurefromdesigningsomethingnew.D)Sheisneversurewhatthefinaldesignwilllooklikeuntiltheend.55.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutegg-painting?A)ItoriginatedintheeasternpartofEurope.B)Ithasahistoryofovertwothousandyears.C)Itisthemosttime-honoredformoffancyart.D)Itisespeciallyfavoredasachurchdecoration.PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第79页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)在珠江是华南一大河系，流经广州市，是中国第三长的河流，仅次于长江和黄河。珠江三角洲(delta)是中国最发达的地区之一，面积约11，000平方公里。它在面积和人口方面也是世界上最大的城市聚集区。珠江三角洲九个最大城市共有5700多万人口。上世纪70年代末中国改革开放以来，珠江三角洲已成为中国和世界主要经济区域和制造中心之一。注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。答案12345678910111213141516171819202122232425BDABACDCBADCDABABCADCCBDA26272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950INMCOJELAGHKCGPALEOIDBACD5152535455ADCAB2017年6月大学英语四级真题试卷二(完整版)PartIWriting(25minutes)2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第80页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanadvertisementonyourcampuswebsitetosellabicycleyouusedatcollege.Youradvertisementmayincludeitsbrand,features,conditionandprice,andyourcontactinformation.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandquestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearquestions,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。Questions1to2arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A)Themajorityofdriversprefertodriveandparkthemselves.B)Humandriversbecomeeasilydistractedortiredwhiledriving.C)Mostdriversfeeluncertainaboutthesafetyofself-drivingcars.D)Mostdrivershavetestdrivencarswithautomaticbrakingfeatures.2.A)Theirdriverswouldfeelsafeaftergettingusedtotheautomaticdevices.B)Theywouldbeunpopularwithdriverswhoonlytrusttheirownskills.C)Theirincreasedcomfortlevelshaveboostedtheirsales.D)Theyarenotactuallyassafeasautomakersadvertise.Questions3to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.3.A)TheftsofsnowmobiledogsinAlaska.B)Aseriesofinjuriestosnowmobiledrivers.C)AttacksonsomeIditarodRacecompetitors.D)AseriousaccidentintheAlaskasportsevent.4.A)Hestayedbehindtolookafterhisinjureddogs.B)HehaswontheAlaskaIditarodRacefourtimes.C)HereceivedaminorinjuryintheIditarodRace.D)HehasquitthecompetitioninAlaskaforgood.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第81页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)Questions5to7arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A)Itsankintotheseaduetooverloading.B)ItranintoNicaragua’sBigCornIsland.C)Itdisappearedbetweentwolargeislands.D)Itturnedoverbecauseofstrongwinds.6.A)13.B)25.C)30.D)32.7.A)Hehashelpedwiththerescueeffort.B)Heisbeinginvestigatedbythepolice.C)Hewasdrownedwiththepassengers.D)Heisamongthosepeoplemissing.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)Atashoppingcentre.B)Atacommunitycollege.C)Atanaccountancyfirm.D)AtanITcompany.9.A)Helpingoutwithdatainput.B)Arranginginterviews.C)Sortingapplicationforms.D)Makingphonecalls.10.A)Heenjoysusingcomputers.B)Heneedsthemoneybadly.C)Hewantstoworkinthecitycentre.D)Hehasrelevantworkingexperience.11.A)Purchasesomebusinesssuits.B)Learnsomecomputerlanguage.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第82页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)C)Improvehisprogrammingskills.D)Reviewsomeaccountancyterms.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Theyarekeenonhightechnology.B)Theyarepoorattechnologyskills.C)TheyoftenlistentoNationalPublicRadio.D)Theyfeelsuperiorinscienceandtechnology.13.A)Japanese.B)Germans.C)Poles.D)Americans.14.A)Emailing.B)Texting.C)Science.D)Literacy.15.A)Itisundergoingadrasticreform.B)Itlaysemphasisoncreativethinking.C)Ithasmuchroomforimprovement.D)Itprioritizestrainingofpracticalskills.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassagesoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Theyhavesmallroots.B)Theygrowwhiteflowers.C)Theytastelikeapples.D)TheycomefromCentralAfrica.17.A)Theyturnedfromwhitetopurpleincolor.B)Theybecamepopularontheworldmarket.C)Theybecameanimportantfoodforhumans.D)Theybegantolooklikemodern-daycarrots.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第83页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)18.A)Theywerefoundquitenutritious.B)Therewereseriousfoodshortages.C)Peoplediscoveredtheirmedicinalvalue.D)Farmmachineshelpedlowertheirprices.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)Shecouldupdateherfamilyanytimesheliked.B)ShecouldcallupherfamilywhenevershelikedC)Shecouldlocateherfriendswherevertheywere.D)Shecoulddownloadasmanypicturesassheliked.20.A)Shelikedtoinformherfriendsabouthersuccess.B)Sheenjoyedreadingherfriends’statusupdates.C)Shefeltquitepopularamongthem.D)Shefeltshewasateenageragain.21.A)Shecouldbarelyrespondtoallher500Facebookfriends.B)Shespentmoretimeupdatingherfriendsthanherfamily.C)ShecouldbarelybalanceFacebookupdatesandherwork.D)Shedidn’tseemtobedoingaswellasherFacebookfriends.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)Theyhavestrongmuscles.B)Theylivealongerlifethanhorses.C)Theyeatmuchlessinwinter.D)Theycanworklongerthandonkeys.23.A)ItwasapetofaSpanishking.B)ItwasboughtbyGeorgeWashington.C)ItwasbroughtoverfromSpain.D)ItwasdonatedbyaU.S.Ambassador.24.A)Theymetandexchangedideasonanimalbreeding.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第84页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)B)Theyparticipatedinamule-drivingcompetition.C)Theyshowedandtradedanimalsinthemarket.D)Theyfedmuleswiththebestfoodtheycouldfind.25.A)Thewideruseofhorses.B)Thearrivaloftractors.C)Ashrinkinganimaltrade.D)Agrowingdonkeypopulation.PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices,Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.America’sInternetisfasterthaneverbefore,butpeoplestillcomplainabouttheirInternetbeingtooslow.NewYork’sAttorneyGeneral’soffice(26)_______aninvestigationinthefallintowhetherornotVerizon,CablevisionandTimeWarneraredeliveringbroadbandthat’sasfastastheproviders(27)_______itis.Earlierthismonth,theofficeaskedforthepublic’shelptomeasuretheirspeedresults,sayingconsumers(28)_______togetthespeedstheywerepromised.“Toomanyofusmaybepayingforonething,andgettinganother，”theAttorneyGeneralsaid.Iftheinvestigationuncoversanything,itwouldn’tbethefirsttimeatelecomprovidergotinto(29)_______overthebroadbandspeedsitpromisedanddeliveredcustomers.BackinJune,theFederalCommunicationsCommissionfinedAT&T$100millionover(30)_______thatthecarriersecretlyreducedwirelessspeedsaftercustomersconsumedacertainamountof(31)_______.Evenwhentheystayontherightsideofthelaw,Internetprovidersarousecustomers’angeroverbandwidthspeedandcost.Justthisweek,aninvestigationfoundthatmediaandtelecomgiantComcastisthemost(32)_______provider.Over10months,Comcastreceivednearly12,000customercomplaints,many(33)_______toitsmonthlydatacapandoverage(超过额度的）charges.SomeAmericansaregettingso(34)_______withInternetprovidersthey’rejustgivingup.Arecent2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第85页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)studyfoundthatthenumberofAmericanswithhigh-speedInternetathometoday(35)_______fellduringthelasttwoyears,and15%ofpeoplenowconsiderthemselvestobe“cord-cutters.”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A)accusationsB)actuallyC)claimD)communicatingE)complainF)dataG)deservedH)frustratedI)hatedJ)launchedK)relatingL)timesM)troubleN)usuallyO)worriedSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.FromAccountanttoYogi:MakingaRadicalCareerChange[A]Atsomepoint,almostallofuswillexperienceaperiodofradicalprofessionalchange.Someofuswillseekitout;forothersitwillfeellikeanunwelcomeintrusionintootherwisestablecareers.Eitherway,wehavechoicesabouthowwerespondtoitwhenitcomes.[B]WerecentlycaughtupwithyogaentrepreneurLeahZaccaria,whoputherselfthroughthefireofchangetocompletelyreinventherself.Inhersearchtolivealifeofpurpose,Leahleftherhigh-payingaccountingjob,herhusband,andherhome,intheprocess,shebuiltaradicallynewlifeandcareer.Sincethen,shehasfoundedtwoyogastudios,metanewlifepartner,andformedanewcommunityofpeople.Evenifyourpersonalreinventionislessdrastic,wethinktherearelessonsfromherexperiencethatapply.[C]Wheredotheseedsofchangecomefrom?theNativeAmericanIndianshaveasaying:“Payattentiontothewhisperssoyouwon’thavetohearthescreams.”Oftenthebestideasforbigchangescomefromunexpectedplaces—it’sjustamatteroftuningin.Greatleadersrecognizetheweaksignalsorslightsignsthatpointtobigchangestocome.Leahreflectsonatimeshelistenedtothewhispers:“Aboutthetimemydaughterwasfiveyearsold.Istartedhavingasensethat‘thisisn’tright.”’Shethenrealizedthatherlifenolongermatchedhervisionforit.[D]Upuntilthatpoint,Leahhadfollowedtraditionalmeasuresofsuccess.Aftergraduatingwitha2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第86页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)degreeinbusinessandaccounting,shejoinedapublicaccountingfirm,married,boughtahouse,putlotsofstuffinit,andhadababy.“Ididwhateverybodyelsethoughtlookedsuccessful,”shesays.Leaheasilycouldhavefallenintoatrapoffeelingcontent;instead,herenergysparkedaperiodofexperimentationandrenewal.[E]Feelingtheneedtochange,Leahstartedplayingwithfuturepossibilitiesbyexploringherinterestsanddevelopingnewcapabilities.Firsttryingphysicalexerciseanddieting,shelostsomeweightanddiscoveredaninnerstrength.“1feltpowerfulbecause1brokethroughmyownlimitations,”sherecalls.[F]However,itwasanotherinterestthatledLeahtoradicallyreinventherself.“Iremembersittingonabenchwithmyauntatayogastudio,’’shesaid,havingamomentofclarityrightthenandthere:Yogaissavingmylife.Yogaiswakingmeup.I’mnothappyandIwanttochangeandI’mdonewiththis.”InthatmomentofclarityLeahmadeanimportantleap,conqueringherinnerresistancetochangeandmakingafirmcommitmenttotakebiggersteps.[G]Creatingthefutureyouwantisaloteasierifyouarereadytoexploittheopportunitiesthatcomeyourway.WhenLeahmadethecommitmenttochange,sheprimedherselftonewopportunitiesshemayotherwisehaveoverlooked.Sherecalls:[H]OnedayamanIworkedwith,Ryan,whohadhisofficenexttomine,said,“Leah,let’sgolookatthisspaceonQueenAnne.”Heknewmyloveforyogaandhadseenaspaceclosetowherehelivedthathethoughtmightbegoodtoserveasayogastudio.AssoonasIsawthelocation,Iknewthiswasit.OfcourseIwasscared,yetIhadthisstrongsenseof“Ihavetodothis.”OnlyafewmonthslaterLeahopenedherfirstyogastudio,butsuccesswasnotinstant.[I]Creatingthefuturetakestime.That’swhyleaderscontinuetomanagethepresentwhilebuildingtowardthebigchangesofthefuture.Whenit’stimetomaketheleap,theytakeactionandimmediatelydropwhat’snolongerservingtheirpurpose.InitiallyLeahstayedwithheraccountingjobwhilestartinguptheyogastudiotomakeitallwork.[J]Soonafter,sheknewshehadtomakeaboldmovetofullycommittohernewfuture.Withintwoyears,Leahshedthesafetyofheraccountingjobandmadetheswitchcomplete.Suchdrasticchangeisnoteasy.[K]Steeringthroughchangeandfacingobstaclesbringsusfacetofacewithourfears.Leahreflectsononeincidentthattriggeredherfears,whenherinvestorsthreatenedtoshutherdown:“IwasprobablyupagainstthemostfearI’veeverhad，”shesays.“Ihadspenttwoyearscultivatingthiscommunity,andithadbecomesuccessfulveryfast,butwithinsixmonthsIwasfacingtheprospectoflosingitall.”[L]Sheconnectedwithhersenseofpurposeanddugdeep,cultivatingatremendoussenseofstrength.“IwasfeelingsointentionalandstrongthatIwasn’tgoingtoletfearjusttakeover.Iwasthinking,‘OK,guys,ifyouwanttotrytoshutmedown,shutmedown.’AndIknewitwasanegotiation2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第87页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)scheme,soIwasabletosaytomyself,‘Thisisnotreal.’”Bynamingherfearsandfacingthemhead-on,Leahgainedconfidence.Formostofus,lettinggoofthesafetyandsecurityofthepastgivesusgreatfear.Callingoutourfearsexplicitly,asLeahdid,canhelpusactdecisively.[M]Thecycleofrenewalneverends.Leah’sgrowthspurredhertoopenhersecondstudio—anditwasn’tforthemoney.[N]Ihavenodesiretomakemillionsofdollars.It’snotaboutthat;it’saboutgrowthforme.Honestly,Ididn’tneedtoopenasecondstudio.IwasmakingasmuchmoneyasIwasasanaccountant.ButIknowifyoudon’tgrow,youstandstill,andthatdoesn’tworkforme.[O]Considerthecurrentmomentinyourownlife,yourteamoryourorganization.Whereareyouinthecycleofrenewal:Areyouactivelypreservingthepresent,orselectivelyforgettingthepast,orboldlycreatingthefuture?WhatadvicewouldLeahgiveyoutomoveyouaheadonyourjourney?Oncewe’reonthepathofgrowth,wecancontinuallymovethroughtheseasonsoftransformationandrenewal.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。36.Readinesstotakeadvantageofnewopportunitieswillmakeiteasiertocreateone’sdesiredfuture.37.Byconventionalstandards,Leahwasatypicalsuccessfulwomanbeforeshechangedhercareer.38.Leahgainedconfidencebylayingoutherfearsandconfrontingthemdirectly.39.Insearchofameaningfullife,Leahgaveupwhatshehadandsetupherownyogastudios.40Leah\'sinterestinyogapromptedhertomakeafirmdecisiontoreshapeherlife.41.Smallsignsmayindicategreatchangestocomeandthereforemeritattention.42.Leah’sfirstyogastudiowasbynomeansanimmediatesuccess.43.Somepeopleregardprofessionalchangeasanunpleasantexperiencethatdisturbstheirstablecareers.44.TheworstfearLeaheverhadwastheprospectoflosingheryogabusiness.45.Assheexplorednewinterestsanddevelopednewpotentials，Leahfeltpowerfulinternally.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheUrbanization—migrationawayfromthesuburbstothecitycenter—willbethebiggestrealestatetrendin2015,accordingtoanewreport.ThereportsaysAmerica’surbanizationwillcontinuetobethemostsignificantissueaffectingtheindustry,ascitiesacrossthecountryimitatethewalkabilityandtransit-orienteddevelopmentmaking2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第88页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)citieslikeNewYorkandSanFranciscososuccessful.Assmallercitiescopythemodelofthese“24-hourcities，’’moreaffordableversionsoftheseplaceswillbecreated.Thereportreferstothisasthecomingofthe“18-hourcity，”，andusesthetermtorefertocitieslikeHouston,Austin,Charlotte,andNashville,whichare“positioningthemselvesashighlycompetitive,intermsoflivability,employmentofferings,andrecreationalandculturalfacilities.”Anothertrendthatlookssignificantin2015isthatAmerica’slargestpopulationgroup,Millennials(千禧一代)，willcontinuetoputoffbuyingahouse.ApartmentswillretaintheirappealforawhileforMillennials,hauntedbywhathappenedtohome-owningparents.Thistrendwillcontinueintothe2020s,thereportprojects.Afterthat,surveyrespondentsdisagreeoverwhetherthisgenerationwillfollowintheirparents’footsteps,movingtothesuburbstoraisefamilies,orwillchoosetoremaininthecitycenter.AnotherissueaffectingrealestateinthecomingyearwillbeAmerica’sfailinginfrastructure.Mostroads,bridges,transit,watersystems,theelectricgrid,andcommunicationsnetworkswereinstalled50to100yearsago,andtheyarelargelytakenforgranteduntiltheyfail.Thereport’swritersstatethatAmerica’sfailuretoinvestininfrastructureimpactsnotonlythehealthofthereal-estatemarket,butalsoourabilitytoremaingloballycompetitive.Apartfromthespecifictrendshighlightedabove,whichcausesomeinvestorstoworry,thereportportraysanoveralloptimismbornebytherecenthealthyreal-estate“upcycle”andimprovingeconomy.Seventy-fourpercentoftherespondentssurveyedreporta“goodtoexcellent”expectationofreal-estateprofitabilityin2015.Whileexcessiveoptimismcanpromotebadinvestmentpatterns,resultinginareal-estate“bubble,”thereport’swritersdownplaythatpotentialoutcomeinthatithasnotyetoccurred.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。46.Accordingtothenewreport,realestatedevelopmentin2015willwitness_______.A)anacceleratingspeedB)ashifttocitycentersC)anewfocusonsmallcitiesD)anever-increasingdemand47.Whatcharacterizes“24-hourcities”likeNewYork?A)Peoplecanlivewithoutprivatecars.B)Peoplearegenerallymorecompetitive.C)Peoplecanenjoyservicesaroundtheclock.D)Peopleareinharmonywiththeenvironment.48.WhyareMillennialsreluctanttobuyahouse?2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第89页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)A)Theycanonlyaffordsmallapartments.B)Thehousepricesarecurrentlytoohigh.C)Theirparents\'badexperiencestillhauntsthem.D)Theyfeelattachedtothesuburbanenvironment.49.WhatmighthinderrealestatedevelopmentintheU.S.?A)Thecontinuingeconomicrecessioninthecountry.B)Thelackofconfidenceonthepartofinvestors.C)Thefierceglobalcompetition.D)Theworseninginfrastructure.50.HowdomostoftherespondentsinthesurveyfeelabouttheU.S.real-estatemarketin2015?A)Pessimistic.B)Hopeful.C)Cautious.D)Uncertain.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thebrainisaseeminglyendlesslibrary,whoseshelveshouseourmostpreciousmemoriesaswellasourlifetime’sknowledge.Butisthereapointwhereitreachescapacity?Theanswerisno,becausebrainsaremoresophisticatedthanthat.Insteadofjustcrowdingin,oldinformationissometimespushedoutofthebrainfornewmemoriestoform.Previousbehaviouralstudieshaveshownthatlearningnewinformationcanleadtoforgetting.Butinanewstudy,researchersdemonstratedforthefirsttimehowthiseffectoccursinthebrain.Indailylife,forgettingactuallyhasclearadvantages.Imagine,forinstance,thatyoulostyourbankcard.Thenewcardyoureceivewillcomewithanewpersonalidentificatipnnumber(PIN).EachtimeyourememberthenewPIN,yougraduallyforgettheoldone.Thisprocessimprovesaccesstorelevantinformation,withoutoldmemoriesinterfering.Andmostofusmaysometimesfeelthefrustrationofhavingoldmemoriesinterferewithnew,relevantmemories.Considertryingtorememberwhereyouparkedyourcarinthesamecarparkyouwereataweekearlier.Thistypeofmemory(whereyouaretryingtoremembernew,butsimilarinformation)isparticularlyvulnerabletointerference.Whenweacquirenewinformation,thebrainautomaticallytriestoincorporate(合并)itwithinexistinginformationbyformingassociations.Andwhenweretrieve(检索)information,boththedesiredandassociatedbutirrelevantinformationisrecalled.,Themajorityofpreviousresearchhasfocusedonhowwelearnandremembernewinformation.But2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第90页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)currentstudiesarebeginningtoplacegreateremphasisontheconditionsunderwhichweforget,asitsimportancebeginstobemoreappreciated.Averysmallnumberofpeopleareabletorememberalmosteverydetailoftheirlife.Whileitmaysoundlikeanadvantagetomany,peoplewiththisrareconditionoftenfindtheirunusualabilityburdensome.Inasense,forgettingisourbrain’swayofsortingmemories,sothemostrelevantmemoriesarereadyforretrieval.Normalforgettingmayevenbeasafetymechanismtoensureourbraindoesn’tbecometoofull.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。51.Whathavepastbehaviouralstudiesfoundaboutourbrain?A)Itscapacityactuallyknowsnolimits.B)Itgrowssophisticatedwithpractice.C)Itkeepsourmostpreciousmemoriesuntillife’send.D)Newinformationlearnedpushesoldinformationout.52.Whatisthebenefitofforgetting?A)Itfreesusfrompainfulmemories.B)Ithelpsslowdownouragingprocess.C)Itfacilitatesouraccesstorelevantinformation.D)Itpreventsoldinformationfromformingassociations.53.Whatistheemphasisofcurrentstudiesofmemory?A)Whenpeopletendtoforget.B)Whatcontributestoforgetting.C)Hownewtechnologyhindersmemorycapacity.D)Whylearningandforgettingarecomplementary.54.Whatdopeoplefindabouttheirrareabilitytoremembereverydetailoftheirlife?A)Itaddstotheburdenoftheirmemory.B)Itmakestheirlifemorecomplicated.C)Itcontributestotheirsuccessinlife.D)Itconstitutesarareobjectofenvy.55.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutforgetting?A)Itcanenlargeourbraincapacity.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第91页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)B)Ithelpsgetridofnegativememories.C)Itisawayoforganisingourmemories.D)Itshouldnotcauseanyalarminanyway.PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.长江是亚洲最长、世界上第三长的河流。长江流经多种不同的生态系统，是诸多濒危物种的栖息地，灌溉了中国五分之一的土地。长江流域(riverbasin)居住着三分之一的人口。长江在中国历史、文化和经济上起着很大的作用。长江三角洲(delta)产出多达20%的中国国民生产总值。几千年来，长江一直被用于供水、运输和工业生产。长江上还坐落着世界最大的水电站。注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。答案2017年6月大学英语四级真题试卷三(完整版)PartIWriting(30minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)12345678910111213141516171819202122232425CACBDDBCABDBADCADBABDACCB26272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950JCGMAFIKHBGDLBFCHAKEBCCDB5152535455DCBAC第92页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanadvertisementonyourcampuswebsitetosellsomeofthecoursebooksyouusedatcollege.Youradvertisementmayincludeabriefdescriptionoftheircontent,theircondition,theirpriceandyourcontactinformation.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)说明：2017年6月大学英语四级考试全国共考了两套听力.本套的听力内容与第二套相同，因此本套听力部分不再重复给出。PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices,Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Asifyouneededanotherreasontohatethegym,itnowturnsoutthatexercisecanexhaustnotonlyyourmuscles,butalsoyoureyes.Fearnot,however,forcoffeecanstimulatethemagain.During(26)_______exercise,ourmusclestireastheyrunoutoffuelandbuildupwasteproducts.Muscleperformancecanalsobeaffectedbya(27)_______called"centralfatigue,”inwhichanimbalanceinthebody’schemicalmessengerspreventsthecentralnervoussystemfromdirectingmusclemovements（28)_______.Itwasnotknown,however,whethercentralfatiguemightalsoaffectmotorsystemsnotdirectly(29)_______intheexerciseitself,suchasthosethatmovetheeyes.Tofindout,researchersgave11volunteercyclistsacarbohydrate(碳水化合物的）(30)_______eitherwithamoderatedoseofcaffeine(咖啡因)，whichisknowntostimulatethecentralnervoussystem,orasaplacebo(安慰剂）without,during3hoursof(31)_______.Afterexercising,thescientiststestedthecyclistswitheye-trackingcamerastoseehowwelltheirbrainscouldstill(32)_______theirvisualsystem.Theteamfoundthatexercisereducedthespeedofrapideyemovementsbyabout8%,(33)_______theirabilitytocapturenewvisualinformation.Thecaffeine,theequivalentoftwostrongcupsofcoffee,was(34)_______toreversethiseffect,withsomecyclistsevendisplaying(35)_______2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第93页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)eyemovementspeeds.Soitmightbeagoodideatogetsomeoneelsetodriveyouhomeafterthatmarathon.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A)cautiouslyB)commitC)controlD)cyclingE)effectivelyF)increasedG)involvedH)limitedI)phenomenonJ)preventingK)sensitiveL)slowingM)solutionN)sufficientO)vigorousSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Teamspirit[A]Teamshavebecomethebasicbuildingblocksoforganizations.Recruitmentadvertisementsroutinelycallfor“teamplayers”.Businessschoolsgradetheirstudentsinpartontheirperformanceingroupprojects.Officemanagersknockdownwallstoencourageteambuilding.Teamsareasoldascivilization,ofcourse:evenJesushad12co-workers.ButanewreportbyDeloitte,“GlobalHumanCapitalTrends”,basedonasurveyofmorethan7,000executivesinover130countries,suggeststhatthefashionforteamworkhasreachedanewhigh.Almosthalfofthosesurveyedsaidtheircompanieswereeitherinthemiddleofrestructuringorabouttoembarkon(开始）it;andforthemostpart,restructuringmeantputtingmoreemphasisonteams.[B]Companiesareabandoningconventionalfunctionaldepartmentsandorganisingemployeesintocross-disciplinaryteamsthatfocusonparticularproducts,problemsorcustomers.Theseteamsaregainingmorepowertoruntheirownaffairs.Theyarealsospendingmoretimeworkingwitheachotherratherthanreportingupwards.Deloittearguesthataneworganisationalformisontherise:anetworkofteamsisreplacingtheconventionalhierarchy(等级体制).[C]Thefashionforteamsisdrivenbyasensethattheoldwayoforganisingpeopleistoorigidforboththemodemmarketplaceandtheexpectationsofemployees.Technologicalinnovationplacesgreatervalueonagility(灵活性).JohnChambers,chairmanofCiscoSystemsInc.,aworldwideleaderinelectronicsproducts,saysthat“wecompeteagainstmarkettransitions(过渡)，notcompetitors.Producttransitionsusedtotakefiveorsevenyears;nowtheytakeoneortwo.”Digitaltechnologyalsomakesiteasierforpeopletoco-ordinatetheiractivitieswithoutresortingtohierarchy.The“millennials”(千禧一2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第94页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)代)whowillsoonmakeuphalftheworkforceinrichcountrieswereraisedfromnurseryschoolonwardstoworkingroups.[D]Thefashionforteamsisalsospreadingfromtheusualcorporatesuspects(suchasGEandIBM)tosomemoreunusualones.TheClevelandClinic,ahospitaloperator,hasreorganiseditsmedicalstaffintoteamstofocusonparticulartreatmentareas;consultants,nursesandotherscollaboratecloselyinsteadofbeingseparatedbyspeciality(专业)andrank.TheUSArmyhasgonethesameway.Inhisbook,“TeamofTeams\'GeneralStanleyMcChrystaldescribeshowthearmy’shierarchicalstructurehindereditsoperationsduringtheearlystagesoftheIraqwar.Hissolutionwastolearnsomethingfromtheinsurgentsitwasfighting:decentraliseauthoritytoself-organisingteams.[E]Agoodruleofthumbisthatassoonasgeneralsandhospitaladministratorsjumponamanagementbandwagon,itistimetoaskquestions.LeighThompsonofKelloggSchoolofManagementinIllinoiswarnsthat,‘Teamsarenotalwaystheanswer—teamsmayprovideinsight,creativityandknowledgeinawaythatapersonworkingindependentlycannot;butteamworkmayalsoleadtoconfusion,delayandpoordecision-making.”ThelateRichardHackmanofHarvardUniversityonceargued,“Ihavenoquestionthatwhenyouhaveateam,thepossibilityexiststhatitwillgeneratemagic,producingsomethingextraordinary...Butdon’tcountonit.”[F]Hackman(whodiedin2013)notedthatteamsarehamperedbyproblemsofco-ordinationandmotivationthatchipawayatthebenefitsofcollaboration.High-flyersforcedtoworkinteamsmaybeundervaluedandfree-ridersempowered.Groupthinkmaybeunavoidable.Inastudyof120teamsofseniorexecutives,hediscoveredthatlessthan10%oftheirsupposedmembersagreedonwhoexactlywasontheteam.Ifitishardenoughtodefineateam’smembership,agreeingonitspurposeisharderstill.[G]Profoundchangesintheworkforcearemakingteamstrickiertomanage.Teamsworkbestiftheirmembershaveastrongcommonculture.Thisishardtoachievewhen,asisnowthecaseinmanybigfirms,alargeproportionofstaffaretemporarycontractors.Teamworkimproveswithtime:America’sNationalTransportationSafetyBoardfoundthat73%oftheincidentsinitscivil-aviationdatabaseoccurredonacrew’sfirstdayofflyingtogether.However,asAmyEdmondsonofHarvardpointsout,organisationsincreasinglyuse“team”asaverbratherthananoun:theyformteamsforspecificpurposesandthenquicklydisbandthem.[H]Theleastthatcanbeconcludedfromthisresearchisthatcompaniesneedtothinkharderaboutmanagingteams.Theyneedtoridtheirmindsofsentimentalism(感情用事)：themostsuccessfulteamshaveleaderswhoareabletosetanoveralldirectionandtakeimmediateaction.Theyneedtokeepteamssmallandfocused:givingintopressuretobemore“inclusive”isaguaranteeofdysfunction.JeffBezos,Amazon’sboss,saysthat“IfIseemorethantwopizzasforlunch,theteamistoobig.”Theyneedtoimmunizeteamsagainstgroup-think:Hackmanarguedthatthebestonescontain“deviants”(离经叛道2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第95页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)者）whoarewillingtodosomethingthatmaybeupsettingtoothers.[I]Anewstudyof12,000workersin17countriesbySteelcase,afurniture-makerwhichalsodoesconsulting,findsthatthebestwaytoensureemployeesare“engaged”istogivethemmorecontroloverwhereandhowtheydotheirwork―whichmaymeanliberatingthemfromhavingtodoeverythingincollaborationwithothers.[J]However,organisationsneedtolearnsomethingbiggerthanhowtomanageteamsbetter:theyneedtobeinthehabitofaskingthemselveswhetherteamsarethebesttoolsforthejob.Teambuildingskillsareinshortsupply:Deloittereportsthatonly12%oftheexecutivestheycontactedfeeltheyunderstandthewaypeopleworktogetherinnetworksandonly21%feelconfidentintheirabilitytobuildcross-functionalteams.Looselymanagedteamscanbecomehotbedsofdistraction―employeesroutinelycomplainthattheycan’tgettheirworkdonebecausetheyareforcedtospendtoomuchtimeinmeetingsorcompelledtoworkinnoisyoffices.Evenintheageofopen-planofficesandsocialnetworkssomeworkisbestlefttotheindividual.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。36.Successfulteamleadersknowexactlywheretheteamshouldgoandareabletotakepromptaction.37.Decentralisationofauthoritywasalsofoundtobemoreeffectiveinmilitaryoperations.38.Inmanycompanies,theconventionalformoforganisationisgivingwaytoanetworkofteams.39.Membersofpoorlymanagedteamsareeasilydistractedfromtheirwork.40.Teamworkismosteffectivewhenteammemberssharethesameculture.41.AccordingtoareportbyDeloitte,teamworkisbecomingincreasinglypopularamongcompanies.42.Someteammembersfindithardtoagreeonquestionslikemembershipandtheteam’spurpose.43.Somescholarsthinkteamworkmaynotalwaysbereliable,despiteitspotentialtoworkwonders.44.Toensureemployees’commitment,itisadvisabletogivethemmoreflexibilityastowhereandhowtheywork.45.Producttransitionstakemuchlesstimenowthaninthepast.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheShoppersintheUKarespendinglessmoneyontoiletpapertosavemoney,researchhasshown.Penny-pinchingUKconsumerschoosecheaperproductsfromdiscounterssuchasAldiandLidl2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第96页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)ratherthanluxuryalternatives.Thishaswiped6%offthevalueofthesofttissuepapermarketintheUK.Ithasshrunkfrom£1.19billionin2011to£1.12billionin2015,accordingtoanewreportfrommarketresearchcompanyMintel.Furthermore,thefutureofthemarketlooksfarfromrosy,withsalesexpectedtofallfurtherto£1.11billionin2016.Inthelastyearalone,despiteanincreaseintheUKpopulationandasubsequentriseinthenumberofhouseholds,salesoftoiletpaperfellby2%,withtheaveragehouseholdreducingtheirtoiletrollspendingfrom£43in2014to£41in2015.Overall,almostthreeinfivepeoplesaytheytrytolimittheirusageofpaper—includingfacialtissueandkitchenroll―tosavemoney.“Strength，softnessandthicknessremaintheleadingindicatorsoftoiletpaperquality,withjustasmallproportionofconsumerspreferringmoreluxuriousalternatives,suchasthosewithflowerpatternsofperfume,saidMintelanalystJackDuckett.\'\'Theseextrafeaturesaredeemedunnecessarybythemajorityofshoppers,whichprobablyreflectshowthesetypesofproductsaretypicallymoreexpensivethanregulartoiletpaper,evenwhenonspecialoffer.”Whileconsumersarespendinglessontoiletpaper,theyremainfussy―intheoryatleast—whenitcomestopaperquality.TopofBritons’toiletpaperwishlistissoftness(57%)followedbystrength(45%)andthickness(36%).Onein10buyersrandtoiletrollsmadefromrecycledpaperamongtheirtopconsiderations,highlightinghowoveralltheenvironmentismuchlessofaconsiderationforshoppersthanproductquality.Inachallengeformanufacturers,81%ofpaperproductuserssaidtheywouldconsiderbuyingrecycledtoilettissueifitwerecomparableinqualitytostandardpaper.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。46.Themarketsalesoftoiletpaperhavedecreasedbecause_______.A)BritonshavecuttheirspendingonitB)itspriceshavegoneupovertheyearsC)itsqualityhasseenmarkedimprovementD)Britonshavedevelopedthehabitofsaving47.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofthefutureofthetissuepapermarketintheUK?A)Itwillexpendintime.B)Itwillremaingloomy.C)Itwillexperienceupsanddowns.D)Itwillrecoveraspopulationgrows.48.WhatdoesJackDuckettsayabouttoiletpaper?A)Specialofferswouldpromoteitssales.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第97页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)B)Consumersareloyaltocertainbrands.C)Luxuriousfeaturesaddmuchtotheprice.D)Consumershaveavarietytochoosefrom.49.WhatdowelearnaboutBritonsconcerningtoiletpaper?A)Theyareparticularaboutthequalityoftoiletpaper.B)Theyemphasizethestrengthoftoiletpaperthemost.C)Theyprefercheaptoiletpapertorecycledtoiletpaper.D)Theyrejectusingtoiletpaperwithunnecessaryfeatures.50.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A)MoreandmoreBritonsbuyrecycledtoilerpapertoprotecttheenvironment.B)Toiletpapermanufacturersarefacingagreatchallengeinpromotingitssales.C)Toiletpapermanufacturerscompetewithoneanothertoimproveproductquality.D)EnvironmentalprotectionisnotmuchofaconcernwhenBritonsbuytoiletpaper.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.“OneofthereasonsIfindthistopicveryinterestingisbecausemymomwasasmokerwhenIwasyounger，”saysLindson-Hawley,whostudiestobaccoandhealthattheUniversityofOxford.Bystudyingabout700adultsmokers,shefoundoutthathermomquittherightway—bystoppingabruptlyandcompletely.Inherstudy,participantswererandomly(随机地）assignedtotwogroups.Onehadtoquitabruptlyonagivenday,goingfromaboutapackadaytozero.Theothercutdowngraduallyoverthecourseoftwoweeks.Peopleinbothgroupsusednicotine(尼古丁）patchesbeforetheyquit,inadditiontoasecondformofnicotinereplacement,likegumorspray.Theyalsohadtalktherapywithanursebeforeandafterquitday.Sixmonthsout,morepeoplewhohadquitabruptlyhadstuckwithit—morethanone-fifthofthem,comparedtoaboutone-seventhintheothergroup.Althoughthesenumbersappearlow,itismuchhigherthanifpeopletrywithoutsupport.Andthequitrateswereparticularlyconvincinggiventhatbeforethestudystarted,mostofthepeoplehadsaidthey’drathercutdowngraduallybeforequitting.“Ifyou’retrainingforamarathon,youwouldn’texpecttoturnupandjustbeabletorunit.AndIthinkpeopleseethatforsmokingaswell.Theythink,‘Well，ifIgraduallyreduce,it’slikepractice，’”saysLindson-Hawley.Butthatwasn’tthecase.Insteadofgivingpeoplepractice,thegradualreductionlikelygavethemcravings(瘾）andwithdrawalsymptomsbeforetheyevenreachedquitday,whichcouldbewhyfewerpeopleinthatgroupactuallymadeittothatpoint.“Regardlessofyourstatedpreference,ifyou’rereadytoquit,quitting2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第98页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)abruptlyismoreeffective,”saysDr.GabrielaFerreira.“Whenyoucanquoteaspecificnumberlikeafifthofthepatientswereabletoquit,that’scompelling.Itgivesthemtheencouragement,Ithink,toreallygoforit，’’Ferreirasays.Peoplerarelymanagetoquitthefirsttimetheytry.Butatleast,shesays,theycanmaximizetheoddsofsuccess.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。51.WhatdoesLindson-Hawleysayabouthermother?A)Shequitsmokingwithherdaughter’shelp.B)Shesucceededinquittingsmokingabruptly.C)Shewasalsoaresearcheroftobaccoandhealth.D)Shestudiedthesmokingpatternsofadultsmokers.52.WhatkindofsupportdidsmokersreceivetoquitsmokinginLindson-Hawley’sstudy?A)Theyweregivenphysicaltraining.B)Theywerelookedafterbyphysicians.C)Theywereencouragedbypsychologists.D)Theywereofferednicotinereplacements.53.HowdoesDr.GabrielaFerreiraviewtheresultofLindson-Hawley’sexperiment?A)Itisidealized.B)Itisunexpected.C)Itisencouraging.D)Itismisleading.54.Theideaof“amarathon”（Line2,Para.5)illustratesthepopularbeliefthatquittingsmoking_______A)issomethingfewcanaccomplishB)needssomepracticefirstC)requiresalotofpatienceD)isachallengeatthebeginning55.Whathappenswhenpeopletrytoquitsmokinggradually?A)Theyfinditevenmoredifficult.B)Theyaresimplyunabletomakeit.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第99页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)C)Theyshowfewerwithdrawalsymptoms.D)Theyfeelmuchlesspainintheprocess.PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.黄河是亚洲第三、世界第六长的河流。“黄”这个字描述的是其河水浑浊的颜色。黄河发源于青海，流经九个省份，最后注入渤海。黄河是中国赖以生存的几条河流之一。黄河流域(riverbasin)是中国古代文明的诞生地，也是中国早期历史上最繁荣的地区。然而，由于极具破坏力的洪水频发，黄河曾造成多次灾害。在过去几十年里，政府采取了各种措施防止灾害发生。注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。答案2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950OIEGMDCJNFHDBJGAFEICABCAD5152535455BDCBA第100页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)2016年12月大学英语四级考试真题试卷一(完整版)PartIWriting(25minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessay.Supposeyouhavetwooptionsupongraduation:oneistofindajobsomewhereandtheothertostartabusinessofyourown.Youaretomakeadecision.Writeanessaytoexplainthereasonsforyourdecision.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandquestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearquestions,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。Questions1to2arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A）Itwasdangeroustolivein.B）Itwasgoingtoberenovated.C）Hecouldnolongerpaytherent.D）Hehadsoldittotheroyalfamily.2.A）Astrike.B）Astorm.C）Aforestfire.D）Aterroristattack.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第101页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)Questions3to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.3.A）Theylostcontactwiththeemergencydepartment.B）Theyweretrappedinanundergroundelevator.C）Theywereinjuredbysuddenlyfallingrocks.D）Theysentcallsforhelpviaaportableradio.4.A）Theytriedhardtorepairtheelevator.B）Theyreleasedthedetailsoftheaccident.C）Theysentsuppliestokeeptheminerswarm.D）Theyprovidedtheminerswithfoodandwater.Questions5to7arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A）Raisepostagerates.B）Improveitsservices.C）Redesigndeliveryroutes.D）Closesomeofitspostoffices.6.A）Shorteningbusinesshours.B）Closingofficesonholidays.C）StoppingmaildeliveryonSaturdays.D）Computerizingmallsortingprocesses.7.A）Manypostofficestaffwilllosetheirjobs.B）Manypeoplewillbegintocomplain.C）Taxpayerswillbeverypleased.D）Alotofcontroversywillarise.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第102页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A）Hewillbekeptfrompromotion.B）Hewillgothroughretraining.C）Hewillbegivenawarning.D）Hewilllosepartofhispay.9.A）Heisalwaysontime.B）Heisatrustworthyguy.C）Heisanexperiencedpressoperator.D）Heisongoodtermswithhisworkmates.10.A）Sheisatradeunionrepresentative.B）Sheisinchargeofpublicrelations.C）Sheisaseniormanageroftheshop.D）Sheisbetterathandlingsuchmatters.11.A）Heisskilledandexperienced.B）Heisveryclosetothemanager.C）Heisalwaystryingtostiruptrouble.D）Heisalwayscomplainingaboutlowwages.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A）Open.B）Friendly.C）Selfish.D）Reserved.13.A）Theystayquiet.B）Theyreadabook.C）Theytalkabouttheweather.D）Theychatwithfellowpassengers.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第103页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)14.A）Shewasalwaystreatedasaforeigner.B）ShewaseagertovisitanEnglishcastle.C）Shewasneverinvitedtoacolleague\'shome.D）Shewasunwillingtomakefriendswithworkmates.15.A）Housesaremuchmorequiet.B）Housesprovidemoreprivacy.C）Theywanttohavemorespace.D）Theywantagardenoftheirown.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassagesoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A）Theydon\'thavemuchchoiceofjobs.B）Theyarelikelytogetmuchhigherpay.C）Theydon\'thavetogothroughjobinterviews.D）Theywillautomaticallybegivenhiringpriority.17.A）Asktheirprofessorsforhelp.B）Lookatschoolbulletinboards.C）Visittheschoolcareersservice.D）Gothroughcampusnewspapers.18.A）Helpingstudentsfindthebooksandjournalstheyneed.B）Supervisingstudyspacestoensureaquietatmosphere.C）Helpingstudentsarrangeappointmentswithlibrarians.D）Providingstudentswithinformationaboutthelibrary.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第104页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)19.A）Ittastesbetter.B）Itiseasiertogrow.C）Itmaybesoldatahigherprice.D）Itcanbettersurviveextremeweathers.20.A）Itishealthierthangreentea.B）Itcangrowindriersoil.C）Itwillreplacegreenteaoneday.D）Itisimmunetovariousdiseases.21.A）Ithasbeenwellreceivedbymanyteadrinkers.B）Itdoesnotbringthepromisedhealthbenefits.C）Ithasmadeteafarmers\'lifeeasier.D）Itdoesnothaveastablemarket.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A）Theyneeddecorationstoshowtheirstatus.B）Theypreferuniqueobjectsofhighquality.C）Theydecoratetheirhomesthemselves.D）Theycaremoreaboutenvironment.23.A）Theywereproudoftheircreations.B）Theycouldonlytrytocreateatnight.C）Theymadegreatcontributionstosociety.D）Theyfocusedonthequalityoftheirproducts.24.A）Makewisechoices.B）Identifyfakecrafts.C）Designhandicraftsthemselves.D）Learntheimportanceofcreation.25.A）Toboostthelocaleconomy.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第105页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)B）Toattractforeigninvestments.C）Toarousepublicinterestincrafts.D）Topreservethetraditionalculture.PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices,Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theoceanisheatingup.That\'stheconclusionofanewstudythatfindsthatEarth\'soceansnow(26)_______heatattwicetheratetheydid18yearsago.Aroundhalfofoceanheatintakesince1865hastakenplacesince1997,researchersreportonlineinNatureClimateChange.Warmingwatersareknownto(27)_______tocoralbleaching(珊瑚白化)andtheytakeupmorespacethancoolerwaters,raisingsea(28)_______.Whilethetopoftheoceaniswellstudied,itsdepthsaremoredifficultto(29)_______.Theresearchersgathered150yearsofoceantemperaturedatainordertogetabetter(30)_______ofheatabsorptionfromsurfacetoseabed.Theygatheredtogethertemperaturereadingscollectedbyeverythingfroma19thcentury(31)_______ofBritishnavalshipstomodemautomatedoceanprobes.Theextensivedatasources,(32)_______withcomputersimulations(计算机模拟),createdatimelineofoceantemperaturechanges,includingcoolingfromvolcanicoutbreaksandwarmingfromfossilfuel(33)_______.About35percentoftheheattakeninbytheoceansduringtheindustrialeranowresidesata(34)_______ofmorethan700meters,theresearchersfound.Theysaythey\'re(35)_______whetherthedeep-seawarmingcanceledoutwarmingatthesea\'ssurface.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A.AbsorbB.CombinedC.ContributeD.depthE.emissionsF.ExcursionG.exploreH.floorI.heightsJ.indifferentK.LevelsL.mixedM.pictureN.unsureO.voyage2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第106页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.CanBurglarsJamYourWirelessSecuritySystem?A)Anyproductthatpromisestoprotectyourhomedeservescarefulexamination．Soitisn’tsurprisingthatyou’11findplentyofstrongopinionsaboutthepotentialvulnerabilitiesofpopularhome—securitysystems．B)Themostlikelytypeofburglary(人室盗窃)byfaristheunsophisticatedcrimeofopportunity，usuallyinvolvingabrokenwindoworsomeforcedentry．AccordingtotheFB1．crimesliketheseaccountedforroughlytwo．thirdsofallhouseholdburglariesintheUSin2013．Thewidemajorityoftherestwereillegal．unforcedentriesthatresultedfromsomethinglikeawindowbeingleftopen．TheoddsofacriminalusingtechnicalmeanstobypassasecuritysystemaresosmallthattheFBIdoesn’teventrackthosestatistics．C)Oneofthemaintheoreticalhome—securityconcernsiswhetherornotagivensystemisvulnerabletobeingblockedfromworkingaltogether．Withwiredsetups，thefearisthataburglar(人室盗贼)mightbeabletoshutyoursystemdownsimplybycuttingtherightcable．Withawirelesssetup．youstickbattery—poweredsensorsuparoundyourhomethatkeepaneyeonwindows。doors，motion，andmore．Iftheydetectsomethingwrongwhilethesystemisarmed．they’lltransmitawirelessaleftsignaltoabasestationthatwillthenraisethealarm．Thatapproachwilleliminatemostcord—cuttingconcerns--butwhatabouttheirwirelessequivalent，jamming?withthefightdevicetunedtothefightfrequency，what’stostopathieffromjammingyoursetupandblockingthatalertsignalfromeverreachingthebasestation?D)Jammingconcernsarenothingnew，andthey’renotuniquetosecuritysystems．Anydevicethat’sbuilttoreceiveawirelesssignalataspecificfrequencycanbeoverwhelmedbyastrongersignalcominginonthesamefrequency．Forcomparison．1et’ssayyouwantedto“jam”aconversationbetweentwopeople--allyou’dneedtodoisyellinthelistener’sear．E)Securitydevicesarerequiredtolistthefrequenciestheybroadcaston—matmeansthatapotentialthiefcanfindwhattheyneedtoknowwithminimalGoogling．Theywill．however．needtoknowwhatsystemthey’relookingfor．Ifyouhaveasigninyouryarddeclaringwhatsetupyouuse，that’d2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第107页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)pointthemintherightdirection，thoughatthatpoint，we’retalkingaboutahighlytargeted，semi—sophisticatedattack，andnotthesortofforced—entryattackthatmakesupthemajorityofburglaries．It’seasiertofindandacquirejammingequipmentforsomefrequenciesthanitisforothers．F)Wirelesssecurityproviderswilloftentakestepstohelpcombatthethreatofjammingattacks．SimpliSafe，winnerofourEditors’Choicedistinction．utilizesaspecialsystemthat’scapableofseparatingincidentalRFinterferencefromtargetedjammingattacks．Whenthesystemthinksit’sbeingjammed，it’llnotifyyouviapushalert(推送警报)．Fromthere，it’suptoyoutosoundthealarmmanually．G)SimpliSafewassingledoutinonerecentarticleonjamming，completewithavideoshowingtheentiresystembeingeffectivelybypassedwithhandheldjammingequipment．AftertakingappropriatemeasurestocontaintheRFinterferencetoourtestlab，wetestedtheattackoutforourselves，andwereabletoverifythatit’spossiblewiththerightequipment．However．wealsoverifiedthatSimpliSafe’santi-jammingsystemworks．Itcaughtusintheact，sentanalerttomysmartphone，andalsolistedourRFinterferenceonthesystem’seventlog．Theteambehindthearticleandvideoinquestionmakenomentionofthesystem，orwhetherornotitdetectedthem．H)Weliketheuniquenatureofthatsoftware．Itmeansthatathieflikelywouldn’tbeabletoGooglehowthesystemworks．thenfigureoutawayaroundit．Eveniftheycould，SimpliSafeclaimsthatitssystemisalwaysevolving，andthatitvariesslightlyfromsystemtosystem，whichmeanstherewouldn’tbeauniversalmagicformulaforcrackingit．Othersystemsalsoseemconfidentonthesubjectofjamming．TheteamatFrontpointaddressestheissueinablogonitssite，citingtheirownjamprotectionsoftwareandclaimingthattherearen’tanydocumentedcasesofasuccessfuljamattacksincethecompanybeganofferingwirelesssecuritysensorsinthel980s．I)Jammingattacksareabsolutelypossible．Assaidbefore．withthefightequipmentandtherightknow—how，it’spossibletojamanywirelesstransmission．Buthowprobableisitthatsomeonewillsuccessfullyjamtheirwayintoyourhomeandstealyourstuff?J)Let’simaginethatyouliveinasmallhomewithawirelesssecuritysetupthatoffersafunctionalanti—jammingsystem．First，athiefisgoingtoneedtotargetyourhome，specifically．Then，he’sgoingtoneedtoknowthetechnicaldetailsofyoursystemandacquirethespecificequipmentnecessaryforjammingyourspecificsetup．Presumably，youkeepyourdoorslockedatnightandwhileyou’reaway，sothethiefwillstillneedtobreakin．Thatmeansdefeatingthelocksomehow，orbreakingawindow．He’11needtobejammingyouatthispoint，asabrokenwindoworopeneddoorwouldnormallyreleasethealarm．S0，too，wouldthemotiondetectorsinyourhome，sothethiefwillneedtocontinuejammingoncehe’sinsideandsearchingforthingstosteal．However．he’11needtodosowithouttrippingtheanti-jammingsystem，thedetailsofwhichhealmostcertainlydoesnothaveaccess2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第108页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)to．K)Attheendoftheday，thesekindsofsystemsareprimarilydesignedtoprotectagainstthesortofopportunisticsmash—and—grabattackthatmakesupthemajorityofburglaries．They’realsoonlyasinglelayerinwhatshouldideallybeamany—sidedapproachtosecuringyourhome，onethatincludescommonsensethingslikesoundlocksandproperexteriorlightingatnight．Nosystemisimpenetrable，andnonecanpromisetoeliminatetheworstcasecompletely．Everyoneofthemhasvulnerabilitiesthataknowledgeablethiefcouldtheoreticallyexploit．Agoodsystemisonethatkeepsthatworst—casesettingasimprobableaspossiblewhilealsoofferingstrongprotectionintheeventofaless-extraordinaryattack．注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。36．Itispossibleforburglarstomakejammingattackswiththenecessaryequipmentandskill．37．Interferingwithawirelesssecuritysystemissimilartointerferingwithaconversation．38．Aburglarhastocontinuouslyjamthewirelesssecuritydevicetoavoidtriggeringthealarm，bothinsideandoutsidethehouse．39．SimpliSafeprovidesdevicesthatareabletodistinguishincidentalradiointerferencefromtargetedjammingattacks．40．Onlyaverysmallproportionofburglariesarecommittedbytechnicalmeans．41．ItisdifficulttocrackSimpliSafeasitssystemkeepschanging．42．Wirelessdeviceswilltransmitsignalssoastoactivatethealarmoncesomethingwrongisdetected．43．Differentmeasuresshouldbetakentoprotectone’shomefromburglaryinadditiontothewirelesssecuritysystem．44．SimpliSafe’sdevicecansendawarningtothehouseowner’scellphone．45．Burglarscaneasilygetasecuritydevice’sfrequencybyInternetsearch．SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage."Sugar,alcoholandtobacco,"economistAdamSmithoncewrote,"arecommoditieswhicharenowherenecessariesoflife,whichhavebecomeobjectsofalmostuniversalconsumption,andwhichare,2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第109页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)therefore,extremelypopularsubjectsoftaxation."Twoandahaftcenturieson,mostcountriesimposesomesortoftaxonalcoholandtobacco.Withsurgingobesitylevelsputtingincreasingstrainonpublichealthsystems,governmentsaroundtheworldhavebeguntotoywiththeideaoftaxingsugaraswell.Whethersuchtaxesworkisamatterofdebate.ApreliminaryreviewofMexico\'staxationfoundafallinpurchasesoftaxeddrinksaswellasariseinsalesofuntaxedandhealthierdrinks.Bycontrast,aDanishtaxonfoodshighinfatswasabandonedayearafteritsintroduction,amidclaimsthatconsumerswereavoidingitbycrossingthebordertoGermanytosatisfytheirdesireforcheaper,fattierfare.Thefoodindustryhas,ingeneral,beenfirmlyopposedtosuchdirectgovernmentaction.Nonetheless,therenewedfocusonwaistlinesmeansthatindustrygroupsareunderpressuretodemonstratetheirproductsarehealthyaswellastasty.Overthepastthreedecades,theindustryhasmadesomeeffortstoimprovethequalityofitsofferings.Forexample,somedrinkmanufacturershavecuttheamountofsugarintheirbeverages.Manyofthereductionsoverthepast30yearshavebeenachievedeitherbyreducingtheamountofsugar,saltorfatinaproduct,orbyfindinganalternativeingredient.Morerecently,however,somecompanieshavebeeninvestingmoneyinamoreambitiousundertaking:learninghowtoadjustthefundamentalmake-upofthefoodtheysell.Forexample,havingsaltontheoutside,butnoneontheinside,reducesthesaltcontentwithoutchangingthetaste.Whilereformulatingrecipes(配方)isonewaytoimprovepublichealth,itshouldbepartofamulti-sidedapproach.Thekeyistorememberthatthereisnotjustonesolution.Todealwithobesity,amixtureofapproaches--includingreformulation,taxationandadjustingportionsizes--willbeneeded.Thereisnosilverbullet.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。46.WhatdidAdamSmithsayaboutsugar,alcoholand.tobacco?A)Theywereprofitabletomanufacture.B）Theywereinever-increasingdemand.C）Theyweresubjecttotaxationalmosteverywhere.D）Theywerenolongerconsiderednecessitiesoflife.47.Whyhavemanycountriesstartedtoconsidertaxingsugar?A)Theyareundergrowingpressuretobalancetheirnationalbudgets.B）Theyfinditeverhardertocopewithsugar-inducedhealthproblems.C）Thepracticeoftaxingalcoholandtobaccohasprovedbothpopularandprofitable.D）Thesugarindustryisovertakingalcoholandtobaccobusinessingeneratingprofits.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第110页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)48.WhatdowelearnaboutDanishtaxationonfat-richfoods?A)Itdidnotworkoutaswellaswasexpected.B）Itgaverisetoalotofproblemsontheborder.C）ItcouldnotsucceedwithoutGermancooperation.D）Itmetwithfirmoppositionfromthefoodindustry.49.Whatisthemorerecenteffortbyfoodcompaniestomakefoodsanddrinksbothhealthyandtasty?A)Replacingsugarorsaltwithalternativeingredients.B）Settingalimitontheamountofsugarorsaltintheirproducts.C）Investinginresearchtofindwaystoadapttoconsumers\'needs.D）Adjustingthephysicalcompositionoftheirproducts.50.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying,attheendofthepassage,"Thereisnosilverbullet"(Line4,Para.7)?A)Thereisnosingleeasyquicksolutiontotheproblem.B）Thereisnohopeofsuccesswithoutpubliccooperation.C）Thereisnohurryinfindingwaystosolvetheobesityproblem.D）Thereisnoeffectivewaytoreducepeople\'ssugarconsumption.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Youmayhaveheardsomeofthefashionindustryhorrorstories:modelseatingtissuesorcottonballstoholdoffhunger,andmodelscollapsingfromhunger-inducedheartattacksjustsecondsaftertheystepofftherunway.Excessivelyskinnymodelshavebeenapointofcontroversyfordecades,andtworesearcherssayamodel\'sbodymassshouldbeaworkplacehealthandsafetyissue.InaneditorialreleasedMondayintheAmericanJournalofPublicHealth,KatherineRecordandBrynAustinmadetheircaseforgovernmentregulationofthefashionindustry.Theaverageinternationalrunwaymodelhasabodymassindex(BMI)under16--lowenoughtoindicatestarvationbytheWorldHealthOrganization\'sstandard.AndRecordandAustinareworriednotjustaboutthemodelsthemselves,butaboutthevastnumberofgirlsandwomentheirimagesinfluence."Especiallygirlsandteens,"saysRecord."Seventypercentofgirlsaged10to18reportthattheydefineperfectbodyimagebasedonwhattheyseeinmagazines."That\'sespeciallyworrying,she2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第111页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)says,giventhatanorexia(厌食症)resultsinmoredeathsthandoesanyothermentalillness,accordingtotheNationalInstituteofMentalHealth.It\'scommonlyknownthatcertaindiseasesarelinkedwithoccupationslikelungdiseaseincoalminers.Professionalfashionmodelsareparticularlyvulnerabletoeatingdisordersresultingfromoccupationaldemandstomaintainextremethinness.Record\'ssuggestionistoprohibitagentsfromhiringmodelswithaBMIbelow18.InApril,Francepassedalawsettinglowerlimitsforamodel\'sweight.AgentsandfashionhouseswhohiremodelswithaBMIunder18couldpay$82,000infinesandspendupto6monthsinjail.RegulatingthefashionindustryintheUnitedStateswon\'tbeeasy,Recordsays.ButwiththenewrulesinFrance,U.S.supportcouldmakeadifference."Adesignercan\'tsurvivewithoutparticipatinginParisFashionWeek",shesays,adding,"OurargumentisthatthesamewouldbetrueofNewYorkFashionWeek."注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。51.WhatdoRecordandAustinsayaboutfashionmodels\'bodymass?A）Ithascausedneedlesscontroversy.B）Itisbutamatterofpersonaltaste.C）Itisthefocusofthemodelingbusiness.D）Itaffectsmodels\'healthandsafety.52.WhatareRecordandAustinadvocatingintheMondayeditorial?A）Achangeinthepublic\'sviewoffemalebeauty.B）Governmentlegislationaboutmodels\'weight.C）Eliminationofforcedweightlossbymodels.D）Prohibitionofmodelseatingnon-foodstuff.53.WhyareRecordandAustinespeciallyworriedaboutthelowbodymassindexofmodels?A）Itcontributestomanymentalillnesses.B）Itdefinesthefutureofthefashionindustry.C）Ithasgreatinfluenceonnumerousgirlsandwomen.D）Itkeepsmanyotherwisequalifiedwomenofftherunway.54.WhatdowelearnaboutFrance\'sfashionindustry?A）Ithasdifficultyhiringmodels.B）Ithasnowanewlawtofollow.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第112页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)C）Itallowsgirlsunder18ontherunway.D）IthasovertakenthatoftheUnitedStates.55.WhatdoesRecordexpectofNewYorkFashionWeek?A）Itwillcreateacompletelynewsetofrules.B）ItwilldobetterthanParisFashionWeek.C）ItwilldifferfromParisFashionWeek.D）ItwillhavemodelswithahigherBMI.PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.在中国文化中，红色通常象征着好运、长寿和幸福。在春节和其他喜庆场合，红色到处可见。人们把现金作为礼物送给家人或亲密朋友时，通常放在红信封里。红色在中国流行的另一个原因是人们把它与中国革命和共产党相联系。然而，红色并不总是代表好运和快乐。因为从前死者的名字常用红色书写，用红墨水书写中国人名被看成是一种冒犯行为。注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。答案12345678910111213141516171819202122232425ABBCDCADBDCDACBDCBCADBBAA26272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950ACKGMOBEDNIDJFBHCKGECBADA5152535455DBCBD2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第113页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)2016年12月大学英语四级考试真题试卷二(完整版)PartIWriting(25minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessay.Supposeyouhavetwooptionsupongraduation:oneistoworkinastate-ownedbusinessandtheotherinajointventure.Youaretomakeachoicebetweenthetwo.Writeanessaytoexplainthereasonsforyourdecision.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandquestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearquestions,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。Questions1to2arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A）Tosatisfythecuriosityoftourists.B）Toreplacetwooldstonebridges.C）ToenabletouriststovisitGoatIsland.D）Toimproveutilityservicesinthestate.2.A）Countlesstreelimbs.B）Afewskeletons.C）Lotsofwreckedboatsandships.D）Millionsofcoinsonthebottom.Questions3to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.3.A）ItsuspendeddiplomaticrelationswithLibya.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第114页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)B）IturgedtouriststoleaveTunisiaimmediately.C）ItshutdowntwobordercrossingswithLibya.D）ItlaunchedafierceattackagainstIslamicState.4.A）AdviseTunisianciviliansonhowtotakesafetyprecautions.B）Trackdowntheorganizationresponsiblefortheterroristattack.C）TrainqualifiedsecuritypersonnelfortheTunisiangovernment.D）DeviseamonitoringsystemontheTunisianborderwithLibya.Questions5to7arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A）Anenvironment-friendlybattery.B）Anenergy-savingmobilephone.C）Aplant-poweredmobilephonecharger.D）Adevicetohelpplantsabsorbsunlight.6.A）Whilesittingintheirschool\'scourtyard.B）Whileplayinggamesontheirphones.C）Whilesolvingamathematicalproblem.D）Whiledoingachemicalexperiment.7.A）Itincreasestheapplicationsofmobilephones.B）Itspeedsuptheprocessofphotosynthesis.C）Itimprovesthereceptionofmobilephones.D）Itcollectstheenergyreleasedbyplants.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第115页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)8.A）HevisitedtheworkshopsintheGrimsbyplant.B）Hecalledthewomanandleftheramessage.C）Heusedstand-insasreplacementsonalllines.D）Heaskedatechniciantofixthebrokenproductionline.9.A）Itisthemostmodernproductionline.B）Itassemblessuper-intelligentrobots.C）Ithasstoppedworkingcompletely.D）Itisgoingtobeupgradedsoon.10.A）Toseekherpermission.B）Toplaceanorderforrobots.C）Torequesthertoreturnatonce.D）ToaskforTom\'sphonenumber.11.A）Sheisonduty.B）Sheishavingherdayoff.C）Sheisonsickleave.D）Sheisabroadonbusiness.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A）Hesavedababyboy\'slife.B）Hewantedtobeasuperhero.C）Hepreventedatraincrash.D）Hewasawitnesstoanaccident.13.A）Hehasa9-month-oldboy.B）Heiscurrentlyunemployed.C）Heenjoystheinterview.D）Hecommutesbysubway.14.A）Arockonthetracks.B）Amisplacedpushchair.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第116页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)C）Astrongwind.D）Aspeedingcar.15.A）Sheaskedforother’shelp.B）Shecouldn’thelpcrying.C）Shewasinhorror.D）Shewasunawareofthisincident.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassagesoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A）Sheinheritedherfamilyice-creambusinessinBillings.B）Shelovedtheice-creambusinessmorethanteachingprimaryschool.C）Shestartedanice-creambusinesstofinanceherdaughter\'seducation.D）Shewantedtohaveanice-creamtruckwhenshewasalittlegirl.17.A）Topreserveatradition.B）Toamuseherdaughter.C）Tohelplocaleducation.D）Tomakesomeextramoney.18.A）Toraisemoneyforbusinessexpansion.B）Tomakehertruckattractivetochildren.C）Toallowpoorkidstohaveice-creamtoo.D）Toteachkidsthevalueofmutualsupport.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A）Thereasonsforimposingtaxes.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第117页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)B）Thevariousservicesmoneycanbuy.C）Thevariousburdensonordinarycitizens.D）Thefunctionofmoneyinthemodemworld.20.A）Educatingandtrainingcitizens.B）Improvingpublictransportation.C）Protectingpeople\'slifeandproperty.D）Buildinghospitalsandpubliclibraries.21.A）Byaskingfordonations.B）Bysellingpubliclands.C）Bysellinggovernmentbonds.D）Byexploitingnaturalresources.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A）TaxesinthiscountryarelowB）PeopletherespeakmostlyGermanC）ItislocatedinthePyreneesMountainsD）Itisoneofthemostfamoussmallcountries23.A）ItissituatedonMediterraneanSea.B）ItsrulermarriedanAmericanactress.C）Itsrulerwasahandsomeprince.D）ItissurroundedbyFranceonthreesides.24.A）Tobacco.B）Potatoes.C）Machinery.D）Clothing.25.A）Amarriagebetweenaprinceandactress.B）SeveralexcellentskiinglocationsinEurope.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第118页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)C）SomeverysmallcountriesinEurope.D）MainexportproductsinsomeEuropeancountries.PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices,Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Manymenandwomenhavelongboughtintotheideathatthereare"male"and"female"brains,believingthatexplainsjustabouteverydifferencebetweenthesexes.Anewstudy(26)_______thatbelief,questioningwhetherbrainsreallycanbedistinguishedbygender.Inthestudy,TelAvivUniversityresearchers(27)_______forsexdifferencesthroughouttheentirehumanbrain.Andwhatdidtheyfind?Notmuch.Ratherthanofferevidencefor(28)_______brainsas"male"or"female,"researchshowsthatbrainsfallintoawiderange,withmostpeoplefallingrightinthemiddle.DaphnaJoel,wholedthestudy,saidherresearchfoundthatwhiletherearesomegender-based(29)_______,manydifferenttypesofbraincan\'talwaysbedistinguishedbygender.Whilethe"average"maleand"average"femalebrainswere(30)_______different,youcouldn\'ttellitbylookingatindividualbrainscans.Onlyasmall(31)_______ofpeoplehad"all-male"or"all-female"characteristics.LarryCahill,anAmericanneuroscientist(神经科学家),saidthestudyisanimportantadditiontoagrowingbodyofresearchquestioning(32)_______beliefsaboutgenderandbrainfunction.Buthecautionedagainstconcludingfromthisstudythatallbrainsarethesame,(33)_______ofgender."There\'samountainofevidence(34)_______theimportanceofsexinfluencesatalllevelsofbrainfunction,"hetoldTheSeattleTimes.Ifanything,hesaid,thestudy(35)_______thatgenderplaysaveryimportantroleinthebrain--"evenwhenwearenotclearexactlyhow."注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第119页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)A.abnormalB.appliedC.brieflyD.categorizingE.challengesF.figureG.percentageH.provingI.regardlessJ.searchedK.similaritiesL.slightlyM.suggestsN.tastes0.traditionalSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.WhenWorkBecomesaGameA)Whatmotivatesemployeestodotheirjobswell?Competitionwithcoworkers,forsome.Thepromiseofrewards,forothers.Pureenjoymentofproblem-solving,foraluckyfew.B)Increasingly,companiesaretappingintothesedesiresdirectlythroughwhathascometobeknownas"gamification":essentially,turningworkintoagame."Gamificationisaboutunderstandingwhatitisthatmakesgamesengagingandwhatgamedesignersdotocreateagreatexperienceingames,andtakingthoselearningsandapplyingthemtoothercontextssuchastheworkplaceandeducation,"explainsKevinWerbach,agamificationexpertwhoteachesattheWhartonSchoolofBusinessattheUniversityofPennsylvaniaintheUnitedStates.C)Itmightmeanmonitoringemployeeproductivityonadigitalleaderboardandofferingprizestothewinner,orgivingemployeesdigitalbadgesorstarsforcompletingcertainactivities.Itcouldalsomeantrainingemployeeshowtodotheirjobsthroughvideogameplatforms.CompaniesfromGoogletoL\'OréaltoIBMtoWellsFargoareknowntousesomedegreeofgamificationintheirworkplaces.Andmoreandmorecompaniesarejoiningthem.Arecentreportsuggeststhattheglobalgamificationmarketwillgrowfrom$1.65billionin2015to$11.1billionby2020.D)Theconceptofgamificationisnotentirelynew,Werbachsays.Companies,marketersandteachershavelonglookedforfunwaystoengagepeople\'sreward-seekingorcompetitivespirits.CrackerJackshasbeen"gamifying"itssnackfoodbyputtingasmallprizeinsideformorethan100years,headds,andtheturn-of-the-centurysteelmagnate(巨头)CharlesSchwabissaidtohaveoftencomeintohisfactoryandwrittenthenumberoftonsofsteelproducedonthepastshiftonthefactoryfloor,thusmotivatingthenextshiftofworkerstobeatthepreviousone.E)Buttheword"gamification"andthewidespread,consciousapplicationoftheconceptonlybeganinearnestaboutfiveyearsago,Werbachsays.Thanksinparttovideogames,thegenerationnowenteringtheworkforceisespeciallyopentotheideaofhavingtheirworkgamified."Weareatapointwhereinmuchofthedevelopedworldthevastmajorityofyoungpeoplegrewupplayingvideogames,andan2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第120页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)increasinglyhighpercentageofadultsplaythesevideogamestoo,"Werbachsays.F)Anumberofcompanieshavesprungup--GamEffective,BunchbailandBadgeville,tonameafew--inrecentyearsofferinggamificationplatformsforbusinesses.Theplatformsthataremosteffectiveturnemployees\'ordinaryjobtasksintopartofarichadventurenarrative."Whatmakesagamegame-likeisthattheplayeractuallycaresabouttheoutcome,"Werbachsays."Theprincipleisaboutunderstandingwhatismotivatingtothisgroupofplayers,whichrequiressomeunderstandingofpsychology."G)Somepeople,Werbachsays,aremotivatedbycompetition.Salespeopleoftenfallintothiscategory.Forthem,therightkindofgamificationmightbeturningtheirsalespitchesintoacompetitionwithotherteammembers,completewithadigitalleaderboardshowingwhoiswinningatalltimes.Othersaremoremotivatedbycollaborationandsocialexperiences.OnecompanyWerbachhasstudiedusesgamificationtocreateasenseofcommunityandboostemployees\'morale(士气).Whenemployeeslogintotheircomputers,they\'reshownapictureofoneoftheircoworkersandaskedtoguessthatperson\'sname.H)Gamificationdoesnothavetobedigital.MonicaCornettirunsacompanythatgamifiesemployeetrainings.Sometimesthisinvolvestechnology,butoftenitdoesnot.Sherecentlydesignedagamificationstrategyforasalestrainingcompanywithastorm-chasingtheme.Employeesformed"stormchaserteams"andcompetedinstorm-themededucationalexercisestoearnvariousrewards."Rewardsdonothavetobestuff,"Cornettisays."Rewardscanbeflexibleworkinghours."Anothertraining,thisoneforpayrolllaw,usedaSnowWhiteandtheSevenDwarfstheme."SnowWhite"isavailableforeveryonetouse,butthe"dwarfs"arestillundercopyright,soCornettiinventedsound-alikecharacters(GrumpyGus,DopeyDan)toillustratespecificpayrolllawprinciples.I)Somepeopledonottakenaturallytogamifiedworkenvironments,Cornettisays.Inherexperience,peopleinpositionsofpowerorpeopleinfinanceorengineeringdonottendtolikethesoundoftheword."Ifwearedesigningforengineers,I\'mnottalkingabouta\'game\'atall,"Cornettisays."I\'mtalkingabouta\'simulation\'(模拟),I\'mtalkingabout\'beingabletosolvethisproblem.\'"J)Gamificationis"notamagicbullet,"Werbachwarns.Agamificationstrategythatisnotsufficientlythoughtthroughorwelltailoredtoitsplayersmayengagepeopleforalittlewhile,butitwillnotmotivatepeopleinthelongterm.Itcanalsobeexploitative,especiallywhenusedwithvulnerablepopulations.Forworkers,especiallylow-paidworkers,whodesperatelyneedtheirjobsyetknowtheycanbeeasilyreplaced,gamificationmayfeelmoreliketheHungerGames.WerbachgivestheexampleofseveralDisneylandhotelsinAnaheim,California,whichusedlargedigitalleaderboardstodisplayhowefficientlylaundryworkerswereworkingcomparedtooneanother.Someemployeesfoundtheboardmotivating.Toothers,itwastheoppositeoffun.Somebegantostoptakingbathroombreaks,worriedthatiftheirproductivityfelltheywouldbefired.Pregnantemployeesstruggledtokeepup.InaLosAngelesTimesarticle,oneemployeereferredtotheboardasa"digitalwhip.""Itactuallyhadavery2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第121页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)negativeeffectonmoraleandperformance,"Werbachsays.K)Still,gamificationonlystandstobecomemorepopular,hesays,"asmoreandmorepeoplecomeintotheworkforcewhoarefamiliarwiththestructuresandexpressionsofdigitalgames.""Wearefarfromreachingthepeak,"Cornettiagrees."Thereisnoreasonthiswillgoaway."注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。36.Somefamouscompaniesarealreadyusinggamificationandmorearetryingtodothesame.37.Gamificationisnotamiraclecureforallworkplacesasitmayhavenegativeresults.38.Toenhancemorale,onecompanyasksitsemployeestoidentifytheirfellowworkerswhenstartingtheircomputers.39.Theideaofgamificationwaspracticedbysomebusinessesmorethanacenturyago.40.Thereisreasontobelievethatgamificationwillbeheretostay.41.Videogamescontributedinsomewaystothewideapplicationofgamification.42.Whenturningworkintoagame,itisnecessarytounderstandwhatmakesgamesinteresting.43.Gamificationinemployeetrainingdoesnotalwaysneedtechnology.44.Themostsuccessfulgamificationplatformstransformdailyworkassignmentsintofunexperiences.45.Itisnecessarytousetermsotherthan"gamification"forsomeprofessions.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.RecentlyIattendedseveralmeetingswherewetalkedaboutwaystoretainstudentsandkeepyoungerfacultymembersfromgoingelsewhere.Itseemshighereducationhasbecomeanindustryofmeeting-holderswhosetaskitisto"solve"problems--realorimagined.Andinmypositionasaprofessoratthreedifferentcolleges,theactualproblemsineducatingouryoungpeopleandolderstudentshavedeepened,whilethenumberofpeoplehired--nottoteachbuttoholdmeetings--hasincreasedsignificantly.Everynewproblemcreatesanewjobforanadministrativefixer.TakeourCenterforTeachingExcellence.Contrarytoitstitle,thecenterisaclearinghouse(信息交流中心)forusingtechnologyinclassroomsandinonlinecourses.It\'sanadministrativesham(欺诈)ofthekindthathasmultipliedoverthelast30years.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第122页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)Iofferasimplepropositioninresponse:Manyofourproblems--classattendance,educationalsuccess,studenthappinessandwell-being--mightbeimprovedbycuttingdownthebureaucratic(官僚的)mechanismsandmeetingsandinsteadhiringanarmyofgoodteachers.Ifwereplacedhalfofouradministrativestaffwithclassroomteachers,wemightactuallygetamajorityofourclassesbackto20orfewerstudentsperteacher.Thiswouldbeanenvironmentinwhichteachersandstudentsactuallykneweachother.Theteachersmustbefreetoteachintheirownway--thecurriculumshouldbeflexibleenoughsothattheycanusetheirindividualtalentstoachievethegoalsofthecourse.Additionally,theyshouldbeallowedtoteach,andberewardedfordoingitwell.Teachersarenotpeoplewhoaregreatatandconsumedbyresearchandhappentoappearinaclassroom.Goodteachingandresearcharenotexclusive,buttheyarealsonotautomaticcompanions.Teachingisanartandacraft,talentandpractice;itisnotsomethingthatjustanyonecanbegoodat.Itisutterlyconfusingtomethatpeopledonotrecognizethis,despitethefactthatprettymuchanyonewhohasbeenastudentcantellthedifferencebetweentheirbestandworstteachers.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。46.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpresent-dayuniversities?A）Theyareeffectivelytacklingrealorimaginedproblems.B）Theyoftenfailtocombineteachingwithresearch.C）Theyareover-burdenedwithadministrativestaff.D）Theylacktalenttofixtheirdeepeningproblems.47.Accordingtotheauthor,whatkindofpeopledouniversitieslackmost?A）Goodclassroomteachers.B）Efficientadministrators.C）Talentedresearchers.D）Motivatedstudents.48.Whatdoestheauthorimplyabouttheclassesatpresent?A）Theyfacilitatestudents\'independentlearning.B）Theyhelpstudentsformcloserrelationships.C）Theyhavemoreolderstudentsthanbefore.D）Theyaremuchbiggerthanisdesirable.49.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofteachingability?2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第123页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)A）Itrequirestalentandpractice.B）Itiscloselyrelatedtoresearch.C）Itisachieffactoraffectingstudents\'learning.D）Itcanbeacquiredthroughpersistentpractice.50.Whatistheauthor\'ssuggestionforimprovinguniversityteaching?A）Creatinganenvironmentforteacherstosharetheirteachingexperiences.B）Hiringmoreclassroomteachersandallowingthemtoteachintheirownway.C）Usinghightechnologyinclassroomsandpromotingexchangeofinformation.D）Cuttingdownmeetingsandencouragingadministrativestafftogotoclassrooms.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thesecrettoeatinglessandbeinghappyaboutitmayhavebeencrackedyearsago--byMcDonald\'s.AccordingtoanewstudyfromCornellUniversity\'sFoodandBrandLab,smallnon-foodrewards--likethetoysinMcDonald\'sHappyMeals--stimulatethesamerewardcentersinthebrainasfooddoes.Theresearchers,ledbyMartinReimann,carriedoutaseriesofexperimentstoseeifpeoplewouldchooseasmallermealffitwaspairedwithanon-fooditem.Theyfoundthatthemajorityofbothkidsandadultsoptedforahaft-sizedportionwhencombinedwithaprize.Bothoptionswerepricedthesame.Evenmoreinterestingisthatthepromiseofafuturerewardwasenoughtomakeadultschoosethesmallerportion.Oneoftheprizesusedwasalotteryticket(彩票),witha$10,$50or$100payout,andthiswasaseffectiveasatangiblegiftinpersuadingpeopletoeatless."Thefactthatparticipantswerewillingtosubstitutepartofafooditemforthemereprospectofarelativelysmallmonetaryawardisinteresting,"saysReimann.Hetheorizesthatitistheemotionalcomponentoftheseintangibleprizesthatmakethemeffective.Infact,vaguely-statedpossibilitiesofwinningaprizeweremoreeffectivethanoptionswithhardoddsincluded."Oneexplanationforthisfindingisthatpossibleawardsmaybemoreemotionallyprovokingthancertaintyawards,”saysReimann."Theuncertaintyofwinningprovidesaddedattractionanddesirabilitythroughemotional\'thrills.\'Thepossibilityofreceivinganawardalsoproducesastateofhope--astatethatisinitselfpsychologicallyrewarding."Inotherwords,there\'sareasonwhypeopleliketogamble.Howmightthisknowledgebeusedtohelppeopleeatmorehealthily?Onepossibilityisahealthyoptionthatoffersthechancetowinaspa(温泉疗养)weekend.Or2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第124页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)maybetherewardofahalf-sizedportioncouldbeahalf-sizeddesserttobeclaimedonlyonafuturedate.Thatwouldgetyoubackintherestaurant--andmakeyoueatalittleless.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。51.WhatdowelearnaboutMcDonald\'sinclusionoftoysinitsHappyMeals?A)Itmayshedlightonpeople\'sdesiretocrackasecret.B）IthasprovedtobekeytoMcDonald\'sbusinesssuccess.C）Itappealstokid\'scuriositytofindoutwhatishiddeninside.D）Itmaybeapleasantwayforkidstoreducetheirfoodintake.52.WhatisthefindingoftheresearchersledbyMartinReimann?A)ReducingfoodintakeisnotthatdifficultifpeoplegotoMcDonald\'smore.B）Mostkidsandadultsdon\'tactuallyfeelhungrywhentheyeathalfoftheirmeal.C）Eatingasmallerportionoffooddoesgoodtothehealthofkidsandadultsalike.D）Mostkidsandadultswouldchooseasmallermealthatcamewithanon-fooditem.53.WhatismostinterestinginMartinReimann\'sfinding?A)Kidspreferredanawardintheformofmoneytooneintheformofatoy.B）Adultschosethesmallerportiononthemerepromiseofafutureaward.C）Bothkidsandadultsfeltsatisfiedwithonlyhalfoftheirmealportions.D）Neitherchildrennoradultscouldresistthetemptationofafreetoy.54.HowdoesMartinReimanninterprethisfinding?A)Theemotionalcomponentoftheprizesisatwork.B）Peoplenowcaremoreaboutqualitythanquantity.C）Peopleprefercertaintyawardstopossibleawards.D）Thedesireforafuturerewardisoverwhelming.55.WhatcanweinferfromMartinReimann\'sfinding?A)Peopleshouldeatmuchlessiftheywishtostayhealthyandhappy.B）MorefastfoodrestaurantsarelikelytofollowMcDonald\'sexample.C）Wecanleadpeopletoeatlesswhilehelpingtherestaurantbusiness.D）Morestudiesareneededtofindouttheimpactofemotiononbehavior.PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseinto2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第125页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)English.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.随着中国的改革开放，如今很多年轻人都喜欢举行西式婚礼。新娘在婚礼上穿着白色婚纱，因为白色被认为是纯洁的象征。然而，在中国传统文化中，白色经常是葬礼上使用的颜色。因此务必记住，白花一定不要用作祝人康复的礼物，尤其不要送给老年人或危重病人。同样，礼金也不能装在白色的信封里，而要装在红色的信封里。注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。答案12345678910111213141516171819202122232425BDCDCADBCABABCCDACACBDBDC26272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950EJDKLGOIHMCJGDKEBHFICADAB5152535455DDBAC2016年12月大学英语四级考试真题试卷三(完整版)PartIWriting(25minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessay.Supposeyouhavetwooptionsupongraduation:oneistoworkinastate-ownedbusinessandtheotherinajointventure.Youareto2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第126页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)makeachoicebetweenthetwo.Writeanessaytoexplainthereasonsforyourdecision.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)说明：2016年12月大学英语四级考试全国共考了两套听力.本套的听力内容与第二套相同，因此本套听力部分不再重复给出。PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices,Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whensomeonecommitsacriminalact,wealwayshopethepunishmentwillmatchtheoffense.Butwhenitcomestooneofthecruelestcrimes--animalfighting--things(26)_______workoutthatway.Dog-fightingvictimsare(27)_______andkilledforprofitand"sport,"yettheircriminalabusersoftenreceivea(28)_______sentenceforcausingalifetimeofpain.Roughlyhalfofallfederally-convictedanimalfightersonlygetprobation(缓刑).Someprogresshasbeenmadeintheprosecution(起诉)ofanimalfighters.ButfederaljudgesoftenrelyheavilyontheU.S.SentencingGuidelineswhenthey(29)_______penalties,andinthecaseofanimalfighting,thoseguidelinesareoutdatedandextremely(30)_______.TheU.S.SentencingCommission,which(31)_______thesesentencingguidelines,isrevisitingthem,proposingtoraisetheminimumsentencefrom6-12to21-27months.Thisisastepintheright(32)_______,butwe\'dliketoseetheU.S.SentencingCommissionmakefurtherchangestotheguidelines.Alongwiththiseffort,we\'reworkingwithanimaladvocatesandstateandfederallawmakersto(33)_______anti-crueltylawsacrossthecountry,aswellassupportinglawsandpoliciesthatassist2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第127页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)overburdenedanimal(34)_______thatcareforanimalfightingvictims.Thishelpis(35)_______importantbecausethehighcostofcaringforanimalvictimsisamajorfactorthatpreventspeoplefromgettinginvolvedincrueltycasesinthefirstplace.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A.ConvenientB.createsC.criticallyD.determineE.directionF.HesitateG.inadequateH.inspiredI.methodJ.minimalK.RarelyL.sheltersM.strengthenN.sufferingsO.torturedSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheSecrettoRaisingSmartKidsA)Ifirstbegantoinvestigatethebasisofhumanmotivation--andhowpeoplepersevereaftersetbacks--asapsychologygraduatestudentatYaleUniversityinthe1960s.AnimalexperimentsbypsychologistsattheUniversityofPennsylvaniahadshownthatafterrepeatedfailures,mostanimalsconcludethatasituationishopelessandbeyondtheircontrol.Aftersuchanexperienceananimaloftenremainspassiveevenwhenitcaneffectchange--astatetheycalledlearnedhelplessness.B)Peoplecanlearntobehelpless,too.Whydosomestudentsgiveupwhentheyencounterdifficulty,whereasotherswhoarenomoreskilledcontinuetostriveandlearn?Oneanswer,Isoondiscovered,layinpeople\'sbeliefsaboutwhytheyhadfailed.C)Inparticular,attributingpoorperformancetoalackofabilitydepressesmotivationmorethandoesthebeliefthatlackofeffortistoblame.WhenItoldagroupofschoolchildrenwhodisplayedhelplessbehaviorthatalackofeffortledtotheirmistakesinmath,theylearnedtokeeptryingwhentheproblemsgottough.Anothergroupofhelplesschildrenwhoweresimplyrewardedfortheirsuccessoneasierproblemsdidnotimprovetheirabilitytosolvehardmathproblems.Theseexperimentsindicatedthatafocusoneffortcanhelpresolvehelplessnessandgeneratesuccess.D)Later,Idevelopedabroadertheoryofwhatseparatesthetwogeneralclassesoflearners--helplessversusmastery-oriented.Irealizedthesedifferenttypesofstudentsnotonlyexplaintheirfailuresdifferently,buttheyalsoholddifferent"theories"ofintelligence.Thehelplessonesbelieveintelligenceis2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第128页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)afixedcharacteristic:youhaveonlyacertainamount,andthat\'sthat.Icallthisa"fixedmind-set(思维模式)."Mistakescracktheirself-confidencebecausetheyattributeerrorstoalackofability,whichtheyfeelpowerlesstochange.Theyavoidchallengesbecausechallengesmakemistakesmorelikely.Themastery-orientedchildren,ontheotherhand,thinkintelligenceisnotfixedandcanbedevelopedthrougheducationandhardwork.Suchchildrenbelievechallengesareenergizingratherthanintimidating(令人生畏);theyofferopportunitiestolearn.Studentswithsuchagrowthmind-setweredestined(注定)forgreateracademicsuccessandwerequitelikelytooutperformtheircounterparts.E)WevalidatedtheseexpectationsinastudyinwhichtwootherpsychologistsandImonitored373studentsfortwoyearsduringthetransitiontojuniorhighschool,whentheworkgetsmoredifficultandthegradingmorestrict,todeterminehowtheirmind-setsmightaffecttheirmathgrades.Atthebeginningofseventhgrade,weassessedthestudents\'mind-setsbyaskingthemtoagreeordisagreewithstatementssuchas"Yourintelligenceissomethingverybasicaboutyouthatyoucan\'treallychange."Wethenassessedtheirbeliefsaboutotheraspectsoflearningandlookedtoseewhathappenedtotheirgrades.F)Aspredicted,thestudentswithagrowthmind-setfeltthatlearningwasamoreimportantgoalthangettinggoodgrades.Inaddition,theyheldhardworkinhighregard.Theyunderstoodthatevengeniuseshavetoworkhard.Confrontedbyasetbacksuchasadisappointingtestgrade,studentswithagrowthmind-setsaidtheywouldstudyharderortryadifferentstrategy.Thestudentswhoheldafixedmind-set,however,wereconcernedaboutlookingsmartwithlessregardforlearning.Theyhadnegativeviewsofeffort,believingthathavingtoworkhardwasasignoflowability.Theythoughtthatapersonwithtalentorintelligencedidnotneedtoworkhardtodowell.Attributingabadgradetotheirownlackofability,thosewithafixedmind-setsaidthattheywouldstudylessinthefuture,trynevertotakethatsubjectagainandconsidercheatingonfuturetests.G)Suchdifferentoutlookshadadramaticimpactonperformance.Atthestartofjuniorhigh,themathachievementtestscoresofthestudentswithagrowthmind-setwerecomparabletothoseofstudentswhodisplayedafixedmind-set.Butastheworkbecamemoredifficult,thestudentswithagrowthmind-setshowedgreaterpersistence.Asaresult,theirmathgradesovertookthoseoftheotherstudentsbytheendofthefirstsemester--andthegapbetweenthetwogroupscontinuedtowidenduringthetwoyearswefollowedthem.H)Afixedmind-setcanalsohindercommunicationandprogressintheworkplaceanddiscourageorignoreconstructivecriticismandadvice.Researchshowsthatmanagerswhohaveafixedmind-setarelesslikelytoseekorwelcomefeedbackfromtheiremployeesthanaremanagerswithagrowthmind-set.I)Howdowetransmitagrowthmind-settoourchildren?Onewayisbytellingstoriesaboutachievementsthatresultfromhardwork.Forinstance,talkingaboutmathematicalgeniuseswhoweremoreorlessbornthatwayputsstudentsinafixedmind-set,butdescriptionsofgreatmathematicians2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第129页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)whofellinlovewithmathanddevelopedamazingskillsproduceagrowthmind-set.J)Inaddition,parentsandteacherscanhelpchildrenbyprovidingexplicitinstructionregardingthemindasalearningmachine.Idesignedaneight-sessionworkshopfor91studentswhosemathgradesweredecliningintheirfirstyearofjuniorhigh.Forty-eightofthestudentsreceivedinstructioninstudyskillsonly,whereastheothersattendedacombinationofstudyskillssessionsandclassesinwhichtheylearnedaboutthegrowthmind-setandhowtoapplyittoschoolwork.Inthegrowthmind-setclasses,studentsreadanddiscussedanarticleentitled"YouCanGrowYourBrain."Theyweretaughtthatthebrainislikeamusclethatgetsstrongerwithuseandthatlearningpromptsthebraintogrownewconnections.Fromsuchinstruction,manystudentsbegantoseethemselvesasagentsoftheirownbraindevelopment.Despitebeingunawarethatthereweretwotypesofinstruction,teachersreportedsignificantmotivationalchangesin27%ofthechildreninthegrowthmind-setworkshopascomparedwithonly9%ofstudentsinthecontrolgroup.K)Researchisconverging(汇聚)ontheconclusionthatgreataccomplishmentandevengeniusistypicallytheresultofyearsofpassionanddedicationandnotsomethingthatflowsnaturallyfromagift.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。36.Theauthor\'sexperimentshowsthatstudentswithafixedmind-setbelievehavingtoworkhardisanindicationoflowability.37.Focusingoneffortiseffectiveinhelpingchildrenovercomefrustrationandachievesuccess.38.Wecancultivateagrowthmind-setinchildrenbytellingsuccessstoriesthatemphasizehardworkandloveoflearning.39.Students\'beliefaboutthecauseoftheirfailureexplainstheirattitudetowardsetbacks.40.Intheauthor\'sexperiment,studentswithagrowthmind-setshowedgreaterperseveranceinsolvingdifficultmathproblems.41.Theauthorconductedanexperimenttofindoutabouttheinfluenceofstudents\'mind-setsonmathlearning.42.Afterfailingagainandagain,mostanimalsgiveuphope.43.Informingstudentsaboutthebrainasalearningmachineisagoodstrategytoenhancetheirmotivationforlearning.44.Peoplewithafixedmind-setbelievethatone\'sintelligenceisunchangeable.45.Intheworkplace,feedbackmaynotbesowelcometomanagerswithafixedmind-set.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshould2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第130页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)decideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Asapersonwhowritesaboutfoodanddrinkforaliving。Icouldn’ttellyouthefirstthingaboutBillPerryorwhetherthebeershesellsarethatgreat．ButIcantellyouthatIlikethisguy．That’sbecauseheplanstobantippinginfavorofpayinghisserversanactuallivingwageIhatetipping．Ihateitbecauseit’sanobligationdisguisedasanoption．Ihateitforthepost—dinnermathitrequiresofme．Butmostly．IhatetippingbecauseIbelievelwouldbeinabetterplaceifpaydecisionsregardingemployeesweresimplyleftuptotheiremployers，asisthecustominvirtuallyeveryotherindustry．Mostofyouprobablythinkthatyouhatetipping，too．Researchsuggestsotherwise．Youactuallylovetipping!Youliketofeelthatyouhaveavoiceinhowmuchmoneyyourservermakes．Nomatterhowthemathworksout，youpersistentlyviewrestaurantswithvoluntarytippingsystemsasbeingabettervalue，whichmakesitextremelydifficultforrestaurantsandbarstodoawaywiththetippingsystem．Oneargumentthatyoutendtohearalotfromthepr0—tippingcrowdseemslogicalenough：theserviceisbetterwhenwaitersdependontips，presumablybecausetheyseeabenefittosuccessfullyveilingtheircontemptforyou．Well．ifthisweretrue．wewouldallbeslippingafewl00-dollarbillstoourdoctorson-thewayouttheirdoors，too．Butasitturnsout，waitersseeonlyatinybumpintipswhentheydoanexceptionaljobcomparedtoapassableone．Waiters，keenobserversofhumanitythattheyare．arecatchingontothis；inonepoll，afull30％saidtheydidn’tbelievethejobtheydidhadanyimpactonthetipstheyreceived．Socomeon，folks：getonboardwithditchingtheoutdatedtipsystem．Payalittlemoreupfrontforyourbeerorburger．SupportBillPerry’spub，andanyotherbarorrestaurantthatdoesn’taskyoutododrunkenmath．注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。46．WhatcanwelearnaboutBillPerryfromthepassage?A)Herunsapubthatservesexcellentbeer．B）Heintendstogetridofthetippingpractice．C）Hegiveshisstaffaconsiderablesumfortips．D）Helivescomfortablywithoutgettinganytips．2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第131页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)47．Whatisthemainreasonwhytheauthorhatestipping?A)Itsetsabadexampleforotherindustries．B）Itaddstotheburdenofordinarycustomers．C）Itforcesthecustomertocompensatethewaiter．D）Itposesagreatchallengeforcustomerstodomath．48．Whydomanypeoplelovetippingaccordingtotheauthor?A)Theyhelpimprovethequalityoftherestaurantstheydinein．B）Theybelievewaitersdeservesuchrewardsforgoodservice．C）Theywanttopreserveawonderfultraditionoftheindustry．D）Theycanhavesomesayinhowmuchtheirserversearn．49．Whathavesomewaiterscometorealizeaccordingtoasurvey?A)Servicequalityhaslittleeffectontipsize．B）Itisinhumannaturetotrytosaveontips．C）Tipsmakeitmoredifficulttopleasecustomers．D）Tipsbenefitthebossratherthantheemployees．50．Whatdoestheauthorargueforinthepassage?A)Restaurantsshouldcalculatethetipsforcustomers．B）Customersshouldpaymoretipstohelpimproveservice．C）Waitersdeservebetterthanjustrelyingontipsforaliving．D）Waitersshouldbepaidbyemployersinsteadofcustomers．PassageTwoPassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inthepast，fallingoilpriceshavegivenaboosttotheworldeconomy，butrecentforecastsforglobalgrowthhavebeentoneddown．evenasoilpricessinklowerandlower．Doesthatmeanthelinkbetweenloweroilpricesandgrowthhasweakened?Someexpertssaytherearestillgoodreasonstobelievecheapoilshouldheatuptheworldeconomy．Consumershavemoremoneyintheirpocketswhenthey’repayinglessatthepump．Theyspendthatmoneyoffotherthings，whichstimulatestheeconomy．ThebiggestgainsgotocountriesthatimportmostoftheiroillikeChina．Japan．andIndia．Butdoesn\'ttheextramoneyinthepocketsofthosecountries\'consumersmeananequallossinoil-producing2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第132页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)countries,cancellingoutthegains?Notnecessarily,sayeconomicresearcherSaraJohnson."Manyoilproducersbuiltuphugereservefundswhenpriceswerehigh,sowhenpricesfalltheywilldrawontheirreservestosupportgovernmentspendingandsubsidies(补贴)fortheirconsumers.Butnotalloilproducershavebigreserves.InVenezuela,collapsingoilpriceshavesentitseconomyintofree-fall.EconomistCarlWeinbergbelievesthenegativeeffectsofplungingoilpricesareoverwhelmingthepositiveeffectsofcheaperoil.Theimplicationisasharpdeclineinglobaltrade,whichhasplungedpartlybecauseoil-producingnationscan\'taffordtoimportasmuchastheyusedto.SaraJohnsonacknowledgesthattheglobaleconomicbenefitfromafallinoilpricestodayislikelylowerthanitwasinthepast.Onereasonisthatmorecountriesarebigoilproducersnow,sothenationssufferingfromthepricedropaccountforalargershareoftheglobaleconomy.Consumers,intheU.S.atleast,areactingcautiouslywiththesavingsthey\'regettingatthegaspump,asthememoryoftherecentgreatrecessionisstillfreshintheirmind.Andanumberofoil-producingcountriesaretrimmingtheirgasolinesubsidiesandraisingtaxes,sothenetsavingsforglobalconsumersisnotasbigastheoilpriceplungemightsuggest.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。51.Whatdoestheauthormainlydiscussinthepassage?A）Thereasonsbehindtheplungeofoilprices.B）Possiblewaystostimulatetheglobaleconomy.C）Theimpactofcheapoilonglobaleconomicgrowth.D）Theeffectoffallingoilpricesonconsumerspending.52.Whydosomeexpertsbelievecheapoilwillstimulatetheglobaleconomy?A）Manufacturerscanproduceconsumergoodsatamuchlowercost.B）Loweroilpriceshavealwaysgivenabigboosttotheglobaleconomy.C）Oilpricesmayriseorfallbuteconomiclawsarenotsubjecttochange.D）Consumerswillspendtheirsavingsfromcheapoilonothercommodities.53.Whathappensinmanyoil-exportingcountrieswhenoilpricesgodown?A）Theysuspendimportofnecessitiesfromoverseas.B）Theyreduceproductiondrasticallytoboostoilprices.C）Theyusetheirmoneyreservestobackupconsumption.D）Theytrytostoptheireconomyfromgoingintofree-fall.2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)第133页共133页2019年6月大学生英语四级真题试卷及详细答案(12套全)54.HowdoesCarlWeinbergviewthecurrentoilpriceplunge?A）Itisonethathasseennoparallelineconomichistory.B）Itsnegativeeffectsmorethancanceloutitspositiveeffects.C）Itstillhasachancetogiverisetoaboomintheglobaleconomy.D）Itseffectsontheglobaleconomygoagainstexistingeconomiclaws.55.Whyhaven\'tfallingoilpricesboostedtheglobaleconomyastheydidbefore?A）Peoplearenotspendingallthemoneytheysaveongas.B）Theglobaleconomyislikelytoundergoanotherrecession.C）Oilimportersaccountforalargerportionoftheglobaleconomy.D）Peopletheworldoverareafraidofafurtherplungeinoilprices.PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.在中国文化中，黄颜色是一种很重要颜色，因为它具有独特的象征意义。在圭蝗(feudal)社会中，它象征统治者权力和权威。那时，黄色是专为皇帝使用颜色，皇家宫殿全都漆成黄色，皇袍总是黄色的，而普通老百姓是禁止穿黄色衣服的。在中国，黄色也是收获象征。秋天庄稼成熟时，田野变得一片金黄。人们兴高采烈，庆祝丰收。注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答答案1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950KOJDGBEMLCFCIFGEAJDHBCDAD5152535455CDCBC2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷及答案(完整版)',)