历年英语四级真题及答案(完整版) (1)

('2011年6月大学英语四级真题PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofOnlineShopping.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1．现在网上购物已成为一种时尚2．网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题3．我的建议OnlineShopping注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesen-tenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.BritishCuisine:theBestofOldandNewBritishcuisine(烹饪)hascomeofageinrecentyearsaschefs(厨师)combinethebestofoldandnew.WhydoesBritishfoodhaveareputationforbeingsobad?Becauseitisbad!ThosearenotthemostencouragingwordstohearjustbeforeeatinglunchatoneofHongKong\'ssmartestBritishrestaurants,Alfie\'sbyKEE,butheadchefNeilTomeshasmoretosay."Thepast15yearsorsohavebeenanoticeableperiodofimprovementforfoodinEngland,"theEnglishchefsays,citingthetrendinBritishcuisineforbetteringredients,preparationandcookingmethods,andmoreappealingpresentation.ChefssuchasDeliaSmith,NigelSlater,JamieOliverandGordonRamsaymadethepublicrealisethatcooking-andeating-didn\'thavetobeaboringthing.Andnow,mostoftheBritishpublicisfamiliarevenwiththeextremesofHestonBlumenthaPsmoleculargastronomy,aformofcookingthatemploysscientificmethodstocreatetheperfectdish."It\'snolongerthecasethatthecommonmaninEnglandisembarrassedtoshowheknowsaboutfood,"Tomessays.Therewasplentyofroomforimprovement.Theproblemswiththenation\'scuisinecanbetracedbacktotheSecondWorldWar.BeforetheWar,muchofBritain\'sfoodwasimportedandwhenGermanU-boatsbeganattackingships1bringingfoodtothecountry,Britainwentonrations(配给)."Asrationingcametoanendinthe1950s,technologypickedupandwasusedtomass-producefood,"Tomessays."Andbythenpeoplewerejusthappytohaveadecentquantityoffoodintheirkitchens."Theyweren\'tlookingforcuredmeats,organicproduceorbeautifulpresentation;theywerelookingforwhatevertheycouldgettheirhandson,andthisprioritisationofquantityoverqualityprevailedfordecades,meaningagenerationwasbroughtupwithfoodthatcouldn\'tcompetewithneighbouringFrance,Italy,BelgiumorSpain.BeforestarchefssuchasOliverbeganmakingcookingfashionable,itwashardtofindarestaurantinLondonthatwasopenafter9pm.Butinrecentyearsthecapital\'sculinary(烹饪的)scenehasdevelopedtothepointthatitisnowconfidentofitsabilitytopleasethetastesofanyinternationalvisitor.WiththeopeningofAlfie\'sinApril,andotherssuchasThePawn,twoyearsago,modernBritishfoodhasmadeitswaytoHongKong."WithBritishfood,IthinkthatHongKongrestaurantsarekeepingup,"saysDavidTamlyn,theWelshexecutivechefatThePawninWanChai."HongKongdinersareextremelyresponsivetonewideasorpresentations,whichisgoodnewsfornewdishes."ChefsagreethatdinersinHongKongareembracingthemodernBritishtrend.Somerestaurantsaremodifyingtherecipes(菜谱)ofBritishdishestobreathenewlifeintotheclassics,whileothersareusingbetterqualityingredientsbutremainingtruetoBritishtraditionsandtastes.Tamlynisinthesecondcamp."Weselectourfoodveryparticularly.WeuseUSbeef,NewZealandlambandforourcustards(牛奶蛋糊)weuseBird\'sCustardPowder,"Tamlynsays."Somerestaurantsgoforcustardmadefreshwitheggs,sugarandcream,butBritishcustardisdifferent,andwestaytruetothat."MatthewHill,seniormanageratthetwo-year-oldSoHorestaurantYorkshirePudding,alsousesbetteringredientsasameansofimprovingdishes."TherearealotofexistingperceptionsaboutBritishfoodandsowecan\'talterthesetoomuch.We\'reatraditionalBritishrestaurantsotherearesomestaples(主菜)thatwillremainessentiallyunchanged."Thesetraditionaldishesincludefishandchips,steakandkidneypieandlargepiecesofroastedmeats.AtAlfie\'s,thenewestoftheBritishrestaurantsintownandperhapsthemostgentlemen\'sclub-likeindesign,NeilTomesexplainshispassionforprovenance(原产地)."Britainhasstartedtobecomereallyproudofthefoodit\'sproducing.Ithas2excellentorganicfarms,beautifullycraftedcheeses,high-qualitymeats."However,theBritishdon\'thaveahistoryofexportingtheirfoodstuffs,whichmakesitdifficultforrestaurantsinHongKongtosourceauthenticingredients."WecangetalotofouringredientsonceaweekfromtheUK,"Tamlynexplains."Butthereisalsopressuretobuylocalandsaveonfoodmiles,whichmeanswetakeourvegetablesfromthelocalmarkets,andtherearealotthatworkwellwithBritishstaples."ThePhoenix,inMid-Levels,offersthewidestinterpretationof"Britishcuisine",whilestilltryingtomaintainitssoul.Thegastro-pubhasexistedinvariouslocationsinHongKongsince2002.SingaporeanheadchefTommyTehKumChaioffersdailyspecialsonablackboard,ratherthanstickingtoamenu.ThisenableshimtoreinterpretBritishcuisinedependingonwhatisavailableinthelocalmarkets."Weusealotofingredientsthatpeoplewouldn\'tperhapsassociateasBritish,butarepresentedinaBritishway.Bellpeppersstuffedwithcouscous,alongsideratatouille,isaverypopulardish."Althoughtheingredientsmaynotstrikedinersasbeingtraditional,theycanbefoundindishesacrossBritain.Eventhetraditionalchefsareawareoftheneedtoadapttolocaltastesandcustoms,whilemaintainingtheBritishnessoftheircuisine.AtYorkshirePudding,Hillsaysthathisstaffasksdinerswhethertheywouldliketosharetheirmeals.Smalldishes,sharedmealsand"mixingitup"isnotsomethingcommonlydoneinBritain,butYorkshirePuddingwillbringfulldishestothetableandofferindividualplatesforeachdiner."Thatway,peoplestillgetthepresentationofthedishesastheyweredesigned,butcancarvethemuphowevertheylike,"Hillsays.ThispracticeisalsopopularatThePawn,althoughlargelyforrotisseries(烤肉馆),Tamlynsays."SometableswillarriveonaSunday,orderawholechickenandashoulderoflamborababypig,andjuststayforhoursenjoyingeverythingwebringoutforthem."SomeBritishtraditionsaretoosacred(神圣的)tomesswith,however,Tomessays."I\'dneverchangeafullEnglishbreakfast."注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.WhatisBritishfoodgenerallyknownfor?A)Itsuniqueflavour.C)Itsspecialcookingmethods.B)Itsbadtaste.D)Itsorganic3ingredients.2.TheSecondWorldWarledto__inBritain.A)aninadequatesupplyoffoodC)anincreaseinfoodimportB)adecreaseofgrainproductionD)achangeinpeople\'seatinghabits3.Whycouldn\'tBritaincompetewithsomeofitsneighbouringcountriesintermsoffoodinthepost-wardecades?A)Itsfoodlackedvariety.C)Itwasshortofwell-trainedchefs.B)Itspeoplecaredmoreforquantity.D)Itdidn\'thaveflavourfulfoodingredients.4.Withculinaryimprovementinrecentyears,London\'srestaurantsarenowabletoappealtothetastesof.A)mostyoungpeopleC)allkindsofoverseasvisitorsB)elderlyBritishdinersD)upper-classcustomers5.WhatdoHongKongdinerswelcome,accordingtoWelshexecutivechefDavidTamlyn?A)Authenticclassiccuisine.C)Newideasandpresentations.B)Locallyproducedingredients.D)Thereturnofhome-styledishes.6.Whileusingqualityingredients,DavidTamlyninsiststhatthedishesshould__________________________________________.A)benefitpeople\'shealthC)beofferedatreasonablepricesB)lookbeautifulandinvitingD)maintainBritishtraditionaltastes7.WhydoesNeilTomessayhelovesfoodingredientsfromBritain?A)TheyaB)TheyaC)TheyaD)Theyc8.TamlynsaysthatbesidesimportingingredientsfromBritainonceaweek,hisrestaurantalsobuysvegetablesfrom_______.9.ThePhoenixinMid-LevelsmaynotuseBritishingredients,butpresentsitsdishes______.10.YorkshirePuddingisarestaurantwhichwillbringfulldishestothetablebutofferplatestothosedinerswho4wouldliketo_______.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。11.A)Heiscarelessabouthisappearance.B)Heisashamedofhispresentcondition.C)Hechangesjobsfrequently.D)Heshaveseveryotherday.12.A)Janemaybecaughtinatrafficjam.B)Janeshouldhavestartedalittleearlier.C)HeknowswhatsortofpersonJaneis.D)HeisirritatedathavingtowaitforJane.13.A)TraB)Makingpreparationsforatrans-Atlantictrip.C)Collectinginformationaboutbaseballgames.D)Analyzingtheirrivals\'on-fieldperformance.14.A)He25.Heishospitalizedforaseriousinjury.26.Helosthismothertwoweeksago.27.Hehasbeenhavingahardtime.15.A)TheB)Themanhaddifficultyunderstandingthelecture.C)Themanismakingafussaboutnothing.D)Thewomanthinkshighlyofthespeaker.16.A)HeB)Statisticsandlogicarebothchallengingsubjects.C)Thewomanshouldseekhelpfromthetutoringservice.D)Tutoringservicesareverypopularwithstudents.17.A)HerovercoatisasstylishasJill\'s.C)Jillworetheovercoatlastweek.B)Jillmissedherclasslastweek.D)Sheclassastheman.518.A)Acomputergame.C)Anexcitingexperience.B)Animaginarysituation.D)Avacationbythesea.Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Beautifulsceneryinthecountryside.C)Painandpleasureinsports.B)Dangersofcross-countryskiing.D)Asportheparticipatesin.20.A)Hecan\'tfindgoodexamplestoillustratehispoint.B)Hecan\'tfindapeacefulplacetodotheassignment.C)Hedoesn\'tknowhowtodescribethebeautifulcountryscenery.D)Hecan\'tdecidewhethertoincludetheeffortpartofskiing.21.A)Newideascomeupasyouwrite.B)Muchtimeisspentoncollectingdata.C)Alotofeffortismadeinvain.D)Thewriter\'spointofviewoftenchanges.Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.22.A)JouB)Directorofeveningradioprograms.C)Produceroftelevisioncommercials.D)Hostessoftheweekly"BusinessWorld".23.A)HeB)Heandhiswifedideverythingbythemselves.C)Heworkedbothasacookandawaiter.D)Hehiredacookandtwolocalwaitresses.24.A)HeB)Headvertisesalotonradioandinnewspapers.C)HespendshugesumsonTVcommercialseveryyear.D)Hehireschildrentodistributeadsinshoppingcenters.25.A)Therestaurantlocation.C)Thefoodvariety.B)Therestaurantatmosphere.D)Thefoodprice.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2witha6singlelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。PassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A)Itsprotectionisoftenneglectedbychildren.B)Itcannotbefullyrestoredoncedamaged.C)Therearemanyfalsenotionsaboutit.D)Therearevariouswaystoprotectit.27.A)Itmaymakethewearerfeeltired.B)Itwillgraduallyweakentheeyesofadults.C)Itcanleadtothelossofvisioninchildren.D)Itcanpermanentlychangetheeyestructure.28.A)Itcanneverbedoneevenwithhightechnology.B)Itisthebestwaytorestoredamagedeyesight.C)Itisamajorachievementineyesurgery.D)Itcanonlybepartlyaccomplishednow.PassageTwoQuestions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.29.A)Theythinktheyshouldfollowthecurrenttrend.B)Nursinghomesarewell-equippedandconvenient.C)Adultday-carecentersareeasilyaccessible.D)Theyhavejobsandothercommitments.30.A)Theydon\'twanttouseupalltheirlifesavings.B)Theyfeartheywillregretitafterwards.C)Theywouldliketospendmoretimewiththem.D)Theydon\'twanttoseetheirhusbandspoorlytreated.31.A)Provideprofessionalstandardcare.C)Behelpfromothers.B)Beaffectionateandcooperative.D)Makcommunityfacilities.PassageThreeQuestions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.32.A)Healthandsafetyconditionsintheworkplace.B)Rightsandresponsibilitiesofcompanyemployees.C)Commoncomplaintsmadebyofficeworkers.D)Conflictsbetweenlaborandmanagement.33.A)Replaceitsout-datedequipment.B)Improvethewelfareofaffectedworkers.C)Followgovernmentregulationsstrictly.D)Provideextrahealthcompensation.34.A)TheB)Theyquitworktoprotecttheirunbornbabies.C)Theysoughthelpfromunionrepresentatives.7D)Theywantedtoworkshorterhours.35.A)Toshowhowtheylovewintersports.B)Toattracttheattentionfromthemedia.C)Toprotestagainstthepoorworkingconditions.D)Toprotectthemselvesagainstthecoldweather.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Contrarytotheoldwarningthattimewaitsfornoone,timeslowsdownwhenyouareonthemove.Italsoslowsdownmoreasyoumovefaster,whichmeansastronauts(宇航员)somedaymay(36)_____solonginspacethattheywouldreturntoanEarthofthe(37)_____future.Ifyoucouldmoveatthespeedoflight,yourtimewouldstandstill.Ifyoucouldmovefasterthanlight,yourtimewouldmove(38)_____.Althoughnoformofmatteryet(39)_____movesasfastasorfasterthanlight,(40)_____experimentshavealreadyconfirmedthataccelerated(41)_____causesatraveler\'stimetobestretched.AlbertEinstein(42)_____thisin1905,whenhe(43)_____theconceptofrelativetimeaspartofhisSpecialTheoryofRelativity.Asearchisnowunderwaytoconfirmthesuspectedexistenceofparticlesofmatter(44)____________________________________.Anobsession(沉迷)withtime–saving,gaining,wasting,losing,andmasteringit–(45)____________________________________.Humanityalsohasbeenobsessedwithtryingtocapturethemeaningoftime.Einstein(46)____________________________________.Thus,timeandtime\'srelativityaremeasurablebyanyhourglass,alarmclock,oranatomicclockthatcanmeasureabillionthofasecond.8PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thepopularnotionthatolderpeopleneedlesssleepthanyoungeradultsisamyth,scientistssaidyesterday.Whileelderlypeople__47__tosleepforfewerhoursthantheydidwhentheywereyounger,thishasa(n)__48__effectontheirbrain\'sperformanceandtheywouldbenefitfromgettingmore,accordingtoresearch.SeanDrummond,a.psychiatrist(心理医生)attheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,saidolderpeoplearemorelikelytosufferfrombrokensleep,whileyoungerpeoplearebetteratsleeping__49__straightthroughthenight.Moresleepinoldage,however,is__50__withbetterhealth,andmostolderpeoplewouldfeelbetterandmore__51__iftheysleptforlongerperiods,hesaid.“Theabilitytosleepinonechunk(整块时间)overnightgoesdownasweagebuttheamountofsleepweneedto__52__welldoesnotchange,”DrDrummondtoldtheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScienceconferenceinSanDiego.“It\'s__53__amyththatolderpeopleneedlesssleep.Themorehealthyanolderadultis,themoretheysleepliketheydidwhentheywere__54__.Ourdatasuggeststhatolderadultswouldbenefitfrom__55__togetasmuchsleepastheydidintheir30s.That\'s__56__frompersontoperson,buttheamountofsleepwehadat35isprobablythesameamountasweneedat75.”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A)alertI)formallyB)associatedJ)functionC)attractingK)mixedD)clingL)negativeE)continuingM)sufficientF)definitelyN)tendG)differentO)youngerSectionB9Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Severalrecentstudieshavefoundthatbeingrandomly(随机地)assignedtoaroommateofanotherracecanleadtoincreasedtolerancebutalsotoagreaterlikelihood(可能性)ofconflict.Recentreportsfoundthatlodgingwithastudentofadifferentracemaydecreaseprejudiceandcompelstudentstoengageinmoreethnicallydiversefriendships.AnOhioStateUniversitystudyalsofoundthatblackstudentslivingwithawhiteroommatesawhigheracademicsuccessthroughouttheircollegecareers.Researchersbelievethismaybecausedbysocialpressure.InaNewYorkTimesarticle,SamBoakye–theonlyblackstudentonhisfreshmanyearfloor-saidthat"ifyou\'resurroundedbywhites,youhavesomethingtoprove."Researchersalsoobservedproblemsresultingfrompairinginterracialstudentsinresidences.Accordingtotworecentstudies,randomlyassignedroommatesofdifferentracesaremorelikelytoexperienceconflictssostrainedthatoneroommatewillmoveout.AnIndianaUniversitystudyfoundthatinterracialroommateswerethreetimesaslikelyastwowhiteroommatestonolongerlivetogetherbytheendofthesemester.GraceKao,aprofessoratPennsaidshewasnotsurprisedbythefindings."Thismaybethefirsttimethatsomeofthesestudentshaveinteracted,andlived,withsomeoneofadifferentrace,"shesaid.AtPenn,studentsarenotaskedtoindicateracewhenapplyingforhousing."Oneofthegreatthingsaboutfreshmanhousingisthat,withsomeexceptions,theprocessthrowsyoutogetherrandomly,"saidUndergraduateAssemblychairmanAlecWebley."Thisisthedefinitionofintegration.""I\'veexperiencedroommateconflictsbetweeninterracialstudentsthathavebothbrokendownstereotypesandreinforcedstereotypes,"saidonePennresidentadvisor(RA).TheRAoftwoyearsaddedthatwhilesomeconflicts"providedmoremulticulturalacceptanceandmelding(融合),"therewerealso"jarringculturalconfrontations."TheRAsaidthattheseconflictshavealsooccurred10amongroommatesofthesamerace.Kaosaidshecautionsagainstforminganygeneralizationsbasedonanyoneofthestudies,notingthatmorebackgroundcharacteristicsofthestudentsneedtobestudiedandexplained.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。57.Whatcanwelearnfromsomerecentstudies?A)Conflictsbetweenstudentsofdifferentracesareunavoidable.B)Studentsofdifferentracesareprejudicedagainsteachother.C)Interraciallodgingdoesmoreharmthangood.D)Interraciallodgingmayhavediverseoutcomes.58.WhatdoesSamBoakye\'sremarkmean?A)Whitestudentstendtolookdownupontheirblackpeers.B)Blackstudentscancompetewiththeirwhitepeersacademically.C)Blackstudentsfeelsomewhatembarrassedamongwhitepeersduringthefreshmanyear.D)Beingsurroundedbywhitepeersmotivatesablackstudenttoworkhardertosucceed.59.WhatdoestheIndianaUniversitystudyshow?A)Interracialroommatesaremorelikelytofallout.B)Fewwhitestudentslikesharingaroomwithablackpeer.C)Roommatesofdifferentracesjustdon\'tgetalong.D)Assigningstudents\'lodgingrandomlyisnotagoodpolicy.60.WhatdoesAlecWebleyconsidertobethe"definitionofintegration"?A)Studentsofdifferentracesarerequiredtosharearoom.B)Interraciallodgingisarrangedbytheschoolforfreshmen.C)Lodgingisassignedtostudentsofdifferentraceswithoutexception.D)Theschoolrandomlyassignsroommateswithoutregardtorace.61.WhatdoesGraceKaosayaboutinterraciallodging?34.Itisunscientifictomakegeneralizationsaboutitwithoutfurtherstudy.35.Schoolsshouldbecautiouswhenmakingdecisionsaboutstudentlodging.36.Students\'racialbackgroundshouldbeconsideredbeforelodgingisassigned.37.Experiencedresidentadvisorsshouldbeassignedtohandletheproblems.11PassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear,accordingtoareportbytheGlobalHumanitarianForum,anorganizationledbyAnnan,theformerUnitedNationssecretarygeneral.Thereport,tobereleasedFriday,analyzeddataandexistingstudiesofhealth,disaster,populationandeconomictrends.Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangewasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutrition(营养不良)andheat-relatedhealthproblems.Butevenbeforeitsrelease,thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.Alongwiththedeaths,thereportsaidthatthelivesof325millionpeople,primarilyinpoorcountries,werebeingseriouslyaffectedbyclimatechange.Itprojectedthatthenumberwoulddoubleby2030.RogerPielkeJr.,apoliticalscientistattheUniversityofColorado,Boulder,whostudiesdisastertrends,saidtheForum\'sreportwas"amethodologicalembarrassment"becausetherewasnowaytodistinguishdeathsoreconomiclossesrelatedtohuman-drivenglobalwarmingamidthemuchlargerlossesresultingfromthegrowthinpopulationsandeconomicdevelopmentinvulnerable(易受伤害的)regions.Dr.Pielkesaidthat“climatechangeisanimportantproblemrequiringourutmostattention.”Butthereport,hesaid,"willharmthecauseforactiononbothclimatechangeanddisastersbecauseitissodeeplyflawed(有瑕疵的)."However,SorenAndreasen,asocialscientistatDalbergGlobalDevelopmentPartnerswhosupervisedthewritingofthereport,defendedit,sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.Inapressreleasedescribingthereport,Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazardswhilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheat-trappinggases.Morethan90%ofthehumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangeareoccurringinpoorcountries,accordingtothereport.62.WhatiA)Globaltemperaturesaffecttherateofeconomic12development.B)Ratesofdeathfromillnesseshaverisenduetoglobalwarming.C)Malnutritionhascausedserioushealthproblemsinpoorcountries.D)Economictrendshavetodowithpopulationandnaturaldisasters.63.WhatdowelearnabouttheForum\'sreportfromthepassage?A)Itwaschallengedbysomeclimateandriskexperts.B)Itarousedalotofinterestinthescientificcircles.C)Itwaswarmlyreceivedbyenvironmentalists.D)Itcausedabigstirindevelopingcountries.64.WhatdoesDr.PielkesayabouttheForum\'sreport?A)Itsstatisticslookembarrassing.C)Itdeservesourclosestattention.B)Itisinvalidintermsofmethodology.D)Itsconclusionispurposelyexaggerated.65.WhatisSorenAndreasen\'sviewofthereport?A)Itsconclusionsarebasedoncarefullycollecteddata.B)Itisvulnerabletocriticismifthestatisticsarecloselyexamined.C)ItwillgiverisetoheateddiscussionsattheCopenhagenconference.D)Itsroughestimatesaremeanttodrawtheattentionofworldleaders.66.WhatdCopenhagenconference?A)Howrichandpoorregionscanshareresponsibilityincurbingglobalwarming.B)Howhumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangecanbereduced.C)Howemissionsofheat-trappinggasescanbereducedonaglobalscale.D)Howrichcountriescanbetterhelppoorregionsreduceclimatehazards.PartVCloze(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthe13centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Whenitcomestoeatingsmartforyourheart,thinkingaboutshort-termfixesandsimplifylifewithastraightforwardapproachthatwillserveyouwellforyearstocome.Smarteatinggoesbeyondanalyzingeverybiteadyoulift__67__yourmouth."Inthepastweusedtobelievethat__68__amountsofindividualnutrients(营养物)werethe__69__togoodhealth,"LindaVanHorn,chairoftheAmericanHeartAssociation\'sNutritionCommittee."Butnowwehavea__70__understandingofhealthyeatingandthekindsoffoodnecessaryto__71__notonlyheartdiseasebutdisease__72__general,"sheadds.Scientistsnow__73__onthebroaderpictureofthebalanceoffoodeaten__74__severaldaysoraweek__75__thanonthenumberofmilligrams(毫克)ofthisorthat__76__ateachmeal.Fruits,vegetablesandwholegrains,forexample,providenutrientsandplant-basedcompounds__77__forgoodhealth.“Themorewelearn,themore__78__wearebythewealthofessentialsubstancesthey__79__,"VanHorncontinues,"andhowthey__80__witheachothertokeepushealthy."You\'llautomaticallybe__81__therightheart-healthytrackifvegetables,fruitsandwholegrainsmake__82__threequartersofthefoodonyourdinnerplate.__83__intheremainingonequarterwithleanmeatorchicken,fishoreggs.Thefoodsyouchoosetoeataswellasthoseyouchooseto__84__clearlycontributetoyourwell-being.Withouta__85__,eachofthesmalldecisionsyoumakeinthisrealmcanmakeabig__86__onyourhealthintheyearstocome.67.A)betweenB)throughC)insideD)to68.A)seriousB)splendidC)specificD)separate69.A)keyB)pointC)leadD)center70.A)strictB)differentC)typicalD)natural71.A)rescueB)preventC)forbidD)offend72.A)inB)uponC)forD)by73.A)turnB)putC)focusD)carry74.A)overB)alongC)withD)beyond75.A)otherB)betterC)ratherD)sooner76.A)conveyedB)consumedC)enteredD)exhausted77A)vitalB)initialC)validD)radical78.A)disturbedB)depressedC)amazedD)14amused79.A)retainB)containC)attainD)maintain80.A)interfereB)interactC)reckonD)rest81.A)atB)ofC)onD)within82.A)outB)intoC)offD)up83.A)EngageB)FillC)InsertD)Pack84.A)deleteB)hinderC)avoidD)spoil85.A)notionB)hesitationC)reasonD)doubt86.A)outcomeB)functionC)impactD)commitmentPartVITranslation(5minutes)Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。87.Theuniversityauthoritiesdidnotapprovetheregulation,_____________________(也没有解释为什么).88.Janeistiredofdealingwithcustomercomplaintsandwishesthatshe_____________________(能被分配做另一项工作).89.Johnrescuedthedrowningchild_____________________(冒着自己生命危险).90.Georgecalledhisbossfromtheairportbutit_____________________(接电话的却是他的助手).91.Althoughhewasinterestedinphilosophy,_____________________(他的父亲说服他)majoringinlaw.答案解析PartIWriting标准版DoingShoppingOnlineWiththedevelopmentoftheInternet,shoppingisnolongeratiringthing.Justclickyourmousetochoosethearticlesyoulike,andthepurchaseisdone.Youdon\'tevenhavetostepoutoftheroom.Itseemsalleasyandquick.However,people\'sopinionsvaryonthistrend.Somebelievethatonlineshoppingistimeandmoneysaving.Withplentifulselectionoptions,theycanbuywhatevertheylikeatanytimeconvenient.Stillothersinsistthatmis-purchasingaloneisannoyingenough,nottomentionthecredibilityofthesellersandthesafetyoftheir15accounts.Inmyopinion,theconvenienceandexcitementofonlineshoppingisbeyondalldoubts.Inthemeantime,wemustalwaysbearinmindthatcertaintrapsdoexist,sowe\'dbettermakesurethesellersaretrustworthybeforebuying.Inaddition,weshouldalsoguardourselvesfromthepotentialhackerswhomightstealouraccountinformation.文章点评：这是一篇“中等偏上”的学生作文。本文先对网购热潮进行简介，引出全篇；接着对网络购物的正反两方面进行对比；最后提出自己的看法结束全篇。整体看思路清晰，逻辑严密，行文流畅，用语较为地道。下面说一下这篇文章的有待提高之处：1.文章结构上，能看得出该同学试图采用议论文的“三段式”（提出问题、分析问题、解决问题）。但是，以“WiththedevelopmentoftheInternet”为开首语，有些落入俗套，有硬套模板的嫌疑。稍加注意，应该能写出更好的句子。2.微观语言点方面，有些语句稍显啰嗦，比如Withplentifulselectionoptions…简化成Withplentifulselections…更好，意思没有丝毫减损，表达力反而增强许多。高分版Withthehelpoftheeverrapiddevelopmentofinternettechnology,onlineshoppingiscomingintofashioninmostofcities.Onlineshoppingiswelcomedbymostpeopleduetovariousreasons.Fromtheperspectiveofconsumer,itcansavesometimeforpeoplewhodon\'thavemuchsparetime.Justclickthemouse,theycangetwhatevertheywantwhilestayingathome.Fortheretailers,itcancutsomecostsforthosewhodon\'thavemuchcirculatingfunds.Theydon\'thavetorentahouseandspendmoneyonemployeescomparedwiththetraditionaltrademode.However,therearestillsomedefectsinonlineshopping.First,laceoffacetofacedealmakesonlineshoppinglessreliableandtrustworthy.Second,peoplewilllosethefunofbargain.Itisundeniablethatshoppingontheinternethasbecomeanirresistibletrendinmodernsociety.It\'sofgreaturgencythatweneedtoregulatetherelativelawsaccordancewiththerapidgrowthofonlineshopping.Onlyinthiswaycanweenjoythepleasureandconvenienceofonlineshoppingwithouttheconcernofbeingtreated.点评：本次四级作文探讨的是最近的热点话题之一——互联网网购。目前网购的风靡程度是众所周知，因此，考生对于该话题还是比较熟悉的。但是，比较特殊的是，题干所列出的要求的是考生从一个客观的角度来阐述该话题，而不是简单陈述自己的意见。所以，考生应当审清楚题，在写作时不仅仅要列出网购的优点，还必须给出相应的16缺点。按照四级作文的要求，考生在第一段时应该总述现象并引出话题；第二段考生应当从正反两方面来论述网购，分别铺陈其优缺点；关于优点，网购的优点很多，考生可择其最突出显著的方面来阐述，比如说网购可以节省很多时间；网购可以节省很多成本开支等；其次，缺点方面考生可以把重心放在诚信方面；为了不至于跟优点相比，缺点方面太轻，考生可以考虑稍微提一下其他缺点，比如说与传统购物相比，网购少去了很多砍价的乐趣；第三点要求考生对于第二段列出的缺点给出自己的建议。此处我们可以根据第二段列出的缺点方面给出相应的防范应对措施。整篇作文话题比较好展开，难度不大，只要考生审好题，列出相应点，相信作文不会他是难题。外教版Onlineshoppinghasbeenaboontomanyindustriesandcompanieslookingtoexpandtheirmarkets.Also,it\'sconvenientforshopperswhoaretoobusytoleavethehouse.However,insomecasesnothingcanreplaceatruefacetofaceshoppingexperience.Internetshoppingisconvenientforthemotherswhospendalldaydoinghousechoresandforthefatherswhoworkafull-timejob.Ontheotherhand,therearelimitstoshoppingonline,forexample:guessingthecorrectsizeofclothingonacomputerscreencanbeveryfrustrating.Forthebusymotherandfather,onlineshoppingisaveryusefulandconvenienttool.But,thereareinstances,likeclothesshopping,wherenothingbeatstherealthing.点评：作者在第一段描述了网购作为一种时尚给大家的生活带来了便利，然后话锋一转，说网购仍然取代不了面对面的购物交流。第二段主要还是从正反两方面分析了网购的优势和不足，以此描述大家对网购的不同反应。第三段作者表明了自己的观点，对网购的便利和不足之处都做了描述。综合来讲，本篇文章观点明确，结构清晰，语言表达地道，有不少闪光词汇，但是，内容深度上来讲还有些欠缺，另外，最后一部分表达个人观点，和第二段稍有重复。考生需要注意观点的清晰，不宜模棱两可。PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)1.B.Itsbadtaste解析：题干中generallyknownfor对应原文areputationfor，根据原文第一句WhydoesBritishfoodhaveareputationforbeingsobad?Becauseitisbad!可知关键词为bad，故选B。2.A.aninadequatesupplyofproduction17解析：由题干关键词theSecondWorldWar可以定位到原文第四段，二战之前，英国的食品都是进口的，二战之后，食品供应船只遭到攻击，只能依靠配给。故选A，食品供给不足。3.B.Itspeoplecaredmoreforquantity解析：由competewithsomeofitsneighbouringcountries可以定位到原文第6段，theyweren\'tlookingfor…,theywerelookingfor…,thisprioritizationofquantityoverqualityprevailedfordecades.可见他们对数量的追求高于质量，因此选B。4.C.allkindsofoverseasvisitors解析：由题干关键词culinary定位到原文第7段，根据最后一句…itsabilitytopleasethetastesofanyinternationalvisitor.而anyinternationalvisitor就等同于答案allkindsofoverseasvisitors。故选C.5.C.Newideasandpresentations解析：问题是按照DavidTamlyn的观点，香港的饮食者喜欢什么。先根据DavidTamlyn这个人名定位到原文第八段，再根据最后一句话HongKongdinersareextremelyresponsivetonewideasorpresentations,…这里的areextremelyresponsiveto在意思上等于题干中的welcome。6.D.maintainBritishtraditionaltastes解析：一些饭店修改菜谱，采用新样式，而另外一些则保留英式口味，再根据Tamlynisinthesecondcamp，可知Tamlyn属于后者，即保留原汁原味。故答案选D。7.B.Theyareproducedonexcellentorganicfarms解析：由NeilTomes定位到原文第12段，根据最后两句话…Ithasexcellentorganicfarms,beautifullycraftedcheeses,high-qualitymeats可选出答案B，NeilTomes喜欢英国原料的原因就在于原料产于优秀的有机农场。8.thelocalmarkets解析：根据原文，…whichmeanswetakeourvegetablesfromthelocalmarkets,…即除了从英国直接进口，还有部分蔬菜从本地市场购买的。9.inaBritishway解析：先定位到ThePhoenix那一段，再找到下一段，Weusealotofingredientsthatpeoplewouldn\'tperhapsassociateasBritish,butarepresentedinaBritishway.10.sharetheirmeals解析：AtYorkshirePudding,Hillsaysthathisstaffasksdinerswhethertheywouldliketosharetheirmeals.餐厅之所以在上菜之后再供应碟子，原因就在于可能会有人愿意和别人分享食物。PartIIIListeningComprehensionSectionA11.M:Shawn\'sbeentryingformonthstofindajob.ButIwonderhowhecouldgetajobwhenhelookslikethat.W:Oh,thatpoorguy!Hereallyshouldshavehimself18everyotherdayatleastandputonsomethingclean.Q:WhatdowelearnaboutShawn?答案：A.Heiscarelessabouthisappearance.解析：男生首先对肖恩能否找到工作表示怀疑，因为他邋遢。女生接着提到肖恩不修边幅，又说他应该每隔一天刮一次胡子，把自己弄得整洁干净一点。由此可知，肖恩是一个对仪容仪表不太注重比较粗线条的人shave，刮胡子；becarelessabout不在乎，不介意；12.W:IwishJanewouldcallwhensheknowshe\'llbelate.Thisisnotthefirsttimewe\'vehadtowaitforher.M:Iagree.Butshedoeshavetodrivethroughveryheavytraffictogethere.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?答案：A.Janemaybecaughtinatrafficjam.解析：本题是推理题，在做题时要注意仔细推敲。女生说：“Jane已经不是第一次迟到让我们等了，我希望她能事先打电话告诉我们一下”，可见女生对Jane迟到的作法是不满的。男生又说：“Iagree.Butshedoeshavetodrivethroughveryheavytraffictogethere.”（我同意。但是她到这里的确要遭受很拥堵的交通。）由此得出，男生对此事的态度是理解或宽容的。Jane可能被堵在半路了。13.M:Congratulations!IheardyourbaseballteamisgoingtotheMiddleAtlanticChampionship.W:Yeah,we\'reallworkingrealhardrightnow!Q:Whatisthewoman\'steamdoing?答案：A.TrainingfortheMid-AtlanticChampionship.解析：对话开头男生提到女生所在的棒球队要参加Mid-AtlanticChampionship.女生说：“we\'reallworkingrealhardrightnow!”（我们现在正紧锣密鼓地练习呢！）由此可知，女生所在的棒球队正在进行赛前训练。此题还有一个迷惑选项B,Makingpreparationsforatrans-Atlantictrip,必须注意的是：这里并不是准备旅行，而是准备参赛。14.W:John\'sbeenlookingafterhismotherinthehospital.Shewasinjuredinacaraccidenttwoweeksagoandstillincriticalcondition.M:Oh,that\'sterrible.Andyouknowhisfatherpassedawaylastyear.Q:WhatdowelearnaboutJohn?答案：D.Hehasbeenhavingahardtime.解析：根据听力原文可知，“John\'smotherisinthehospitalandhisfatherdiedlastyear.”（约翰的母亲出车祸住院了，父亲两年前也过世了）由此可见，John的近况还是蛮悲惨的；答案也就显而易见了。15.19M:Whataboringspeaker!Icanhardlystayawake.W:Well,Idon\'tknow.Infact,Ithinkit\'sbeenalongtimesinceI\'veheardanyoneisgood.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?答案：DThewomanthinkshighlyofthespeaker解析：根据听力原文可知，男生觉得演讲无趣，女生却很淡定地说：“其实我已经很久没有听到那么好的发言了”。由此可见，女生对发言还是很肯定的。选项D中“thinkshighlyof”即“对…评价高”，故D是正确答案。16.W:I\'mhavingalotoftroublewithlogicanditseemsmyprofessorcan\'texplainitinawaythatmakessensetome.M:Youknow,thereisatutoringserviceoncampus.Iwasabouttodropstatisticsbeforetheyhelpedmeout.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?答案：C.Thewomanshouldseekhelpfromtutoringservices.解析：首先女生说她逻辑学得很辛苦，接受不了老师的讲课方式也理解不了课程内容。而后男生说学校有辅导班，他在参加之前几乎要挂科了，辅导班帮了他大忙。言下之意是推荐女生也去上辅导班。17.M:Thisisastylishovercoat.Isawyouwearingitlastweek,did\'tI?W:Oh,thatwasn\'tme.ThatwasmysisterJill.She\'sinyourclass.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?答案：C.Jillworetheovercoatlastweek.解析：首先男生问女生上周是否穿过拉风外套，然后女生说：“ThatwasmysisterJill.She\'sinyourclass.”（那是我姐姐Jill，她和你同班）也就是说男生很有可能看到的那个穿着拉风外套的人是女生的姐姐Jill。18.M:Jane,supposeyoulostallyourmoneywhiletakingavacationoverseas,whatwouldyoudo?W:Well,IguessI\'dsellmywatchorcomputerordosomeoddjobstillIcouldaffordareturnplaneticket.Q:Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?答案：B.Animaginarysituation.解析：根据原文录音可知，对话开头男生讲到：“Jane,supposeyoulostallyourmoneywhiletakingavacationoverseas,whatwouldyoudo?”这里的"suppose"表明“假定、料想”由此可见，两人谈论的是一个虚拟场景。ConversationOne听力原文M:Hello,professorJohnson.W:Hello,Tony.Sowhatshallweworkontoday?20M:Well,theproblemisthatthiswritingassignmentisn\'tcomingoutright.WhatIthoughtIwaswritingonwastotalkaboutwhatparticularsportmeanstomewhenIparticipatein,W:Whatsportdidyouchoose?M:Idecidedtowriteaboutcross-countryskiing.W:Whatareyougoingtosayaboutskiing?M:That\'stheproblem.IthoughtIwouldwriteabouthowpeacefulitistobeoutinthecountry.W:Sowhyisthataproblem?M:AsIstartdescribinghowquietitistobeoutinthewoods.Ikeepmentioninghowmucheffortittakestokeepgoing.Cross-countryskiingisn\'taseasyassomepeoplethink.Ittakesalotofenergy,butthat\'snotpartofmypaper.SoIguessIshouldleaveitout.ButnowIdon\'tknowhowtoexplainthatfeelingofpeacefulnesswithoutexplaininghowhardyouhavetoworkforit.Itallfitstogether.It\'snotlikejustsittingdownsomewhereandwatchingthecloudsrollby.That\'sdifferent.W:Thenyou\'llhavetoincludethatinyourpoint.Thepeacefulnessofcross-countryskiingisthekindyouearnbyeffort.Whyleavethatout?Partofyourpointyouknewbeforehandbutpartyoudiscoveredasyouwrote.That\'scommon,right?M:Yeah,Iguessso.Q19:Whatisthetopicoftheman\'swritingassignment?C)PainandpleasureinsportsQ20:Whatproblemdoesthemanhavewhileworkingonhispaper?D)Hecan\'tdecidewhethertoincludetheeffortpartofskiing.Q21:Whatdoesthewomansayiscommoninwritingpapers?A)Newideascomeupasyouwrite.19.D)Asportheparticipatesin解析：题目问的是，男生论文的主题是什么，从talkaboutwhatparticularsportmeanstomewhenIparticipatein一句中，可得对应选项D。C选项是一个干扰项，painandpleasureinsports,意为运动中的痛苦与快乐，其中sports一词范围太大，对话中只谈到了cross-countryskiing,因此，C选项错。20.D)Hecan\'tdecidewhethertoincludetheeffortpartofskiing.解析：当男生打算将越野滑雪的艰辛剔除出论文时，教授说了一句“Thenyou\'llhavetoincludethatinyourpoint.”对应选项D21.A)Newideascomeupasyouwrite.解析：在对话的最后，教授提到“Partofyourpointyouknewbeforehandbutpartyoudiscoveredasyouwrote.21That\'scommon,right?”这句话意思是说，在写论文之前，论点的一部分我们已经有了，但另一部分在写的过程中才会发现，因此，对应选项A。A选项与D选项较易混淆，但从教授的话中，我们可以看出，不是论点发生变化，而是在写作过程中，会有新的想法产生。这篇长对话因为是围绕论文写作展开，而且涉及了一项我们中国人并不熟悉的运动，越野滑雪，因此，乍听之下，有些小抽象，小陌生。但细听之后，我们会发现，文中有一大段都提到了男生在写作中遇到的纠结处，那就是越野滑雪的畅快和由此所付出的艰辛，文章的主旨自然呼之欲出了。这篇对话主要考察对文章大意的理解，而不是纠结于一词一句的得失，因此，大家在做题时，也要注意把握主干，不要因为听到了一个自己不太熟悉的运动就舍本逐末。ConversationTwoW:Goodeveningandwelcometothisweek\'sBusinessWorld.Itprogramforandaboutbusinesspeople.TonightwehaveMr.AngelenowhocametotheUSsixyearsago,andisnowanestablishedbusinessmanwiththreerestaurantsintown.TellusMr.Angeleno,howdidyougetstarted?M:WellIstartedoffwithasmalldiner.Ididallthecookingmyselfandmywifewaitedontables.Itwasreallytoomuchworkfortwopeople.Mycookingisgreat.Andwordgotaroundtownaboutthefood.Withinayear,Ihadtohireanothercookandfourwaitresses.Whenthatrestaurantbecameverybusy,Idecidedtoexpandmybusiness.Nowwiththreeplacesmymainconcerniskeepingthebusinesssuccessfulandrunningsmoothly.W:Doyouadvertise?M:Ohyes.Idon\'thaveanyTVcommercials,becausetheyaretooexpensive.ButIadvertisealotonradioandinlocalnewspapers.Mychildrenusedtodistributeads.innearbyshoppingcentres,butwedon\'tneedtodothatanymore.W:Whydoyoubelieveyou\'vebeensosuccessful?M:Em,IalwaysservethefreshestpossiblefoodandImaketheatmosphereascomfortableandaspleasantasIcan,sothatmycustomerswillwanttocomeback.W:Soyoualwaysaimtopleasethecustomers?M:Absolutely!WithoutthemIwouldhavenobusinessatall.W:ThankyouMr.Angeleno.Ithinkyouradvicewillbehelpfulltothosejuststaringoutinbusiness.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.22Whatisthewoman\'soccupationD)Hostessoftheweekly“BusinessWorld”23whatdowelearnaboutMr.Angeleno\'sbusinessatitsbeginning22B)Heandhiswifedideverythingbythemselves.24whatdoesMr.Angelenosayaboutadvertisinghisbusiness.B)Headvertisesalotonradioandinnewspapers.25Whatdoesthemansaycontributetohissuccess?B)Therestaurantatmosphere22.D)Hostessoftheweekly“BusinessWorld”解析：从对话中可以听出，这是一个访谈节目，因此这个女性是节目主持人。23.B)Heandhiswifedideverythingbythemselves.解析：题目问的是，刚开始的时候，Angeleno的生意怎么样？对话中提到，Ididallthecookingmyselfandmywifewaitedontables.Angeleno负责做菜，他妻子负责接待，对应选项B。24.B)Headvertisesalotonradioandinnewspapers.解析：从ButIadvertisealotonradioandinlocalnewspapers.一句中，可以得到对应选项。25.B)Therestaurantatomsphere解析：题目问的是，什么有助于餐厅的成功？对话中提到，IalwaysservethefreshestpossiblefoodandImaketheatmosphereascomfortableandaspleasantasIcan,sothatmycustomerswillwanttocomeback.可见，Angeleno会提供尽可能新鲜的食物和舒适的用餐环境以吸引顾客，因此，对应选项B，也许，有童鞋会问，为什么不选C？注意，C选项是指各种各样的食物，与文意中“新鲜的食物”不符，是错误选项。这篇对话是一篇较为简单的访谈节目，主要涉及一些细节问题，其中，关键细节包括餐馆经营情况，广告宣传情况等，也是考点所在。童鞋们在听时，可以相应地做些简单的笔记，从而准确地选出选项。SectionBPassageOneTherearemanycommonlyheldbeliefsabouteyeglassesandeyesightthatarenotprovenfacts.Forinstance,somepeoplebelievethatwearingglassestoosoonweakenstheeyes.Butthereisnoevidencetoshowthatthestructureofeyesischangedbywearingglassesatayoungage.Wearingthewrongglasses,however,canproveharmful.Studiesshowthatforadultsthereisnodanger,butchildrencandeveloplossofvisioniftheyhaveglassesinappropriatefortheireyes.Wehaveallheardsomeofthecommonmythsabouthoweyesightgetsbad.Mostpeoplebelievethatreadingindimlightcausespooreyesight,butthatisuntrue.Toolittlelightmakestheeyesworkharder,sotheydogettiredandstrained.Eyestrainalsoresultsfromreadingalot,readinginbed,andwatchingtoomuchtelevision.However,althougheyestrainmaycausesomepainorheadaches,itdoesnotpermanentlydamageeyesight.Anothermythabouteyesisthattheycanbereplaced,23ortransferredfromonepersontoanother.Thereareclosetoonemillionnervefibresthatconnecttheeyeballtothebrain,asofyetitisimpossibletoattachthemallinanewperson.Onlycertainpartsoftheeyecanbereplaced.Butifwekeepclearingupthemythsandlearningmoreabouttheeyes,somedayafulltransplantmaybepossible.篇章类型及提要：论证文听力点睛：本文主要介绍关于纠正一些对眼镜及视力的常识的错误认识。注意文章首句"Therearemanycommonlyheldbeliefsabouteyeglassesandeyesightthatarenotprovenfacts."通常这种文章首句就是主旨句。这是做听力短文题必须要高度关注的。接下去可以推测下面内容必然围绕主题句展开，通过举例等来论证作者要表明的观点。所以听的时候也要高度专注那些关键词句，如forinstance,however,but,evidence,although,Studiesshowthat...这些关键词句后面的内容是听力常考的地方。最后文章给出一个总结句呼吁人们破除固有的一些认识，去更多了解我们的眼睛，头尾呼应。Questions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.Whatdoesthespeakerwanttotellusabouteyesight?答案：C）Therearemanyfalsenotionsaboutit.解析：从"eyesight"可以把答案定位于第一段，关键词有"weakenstheeyes""lossofvision".注意题目中是问speaker要告诉我们的，所以不要被somepeoplebelieve...误导，看清题目要问什么很重要。容易混淆的是A选项，文中提到如果孩子戴不合适的眼镜会使孩子的视力减弱，但并没有提到孩子经常忽视保护视力。B、D选项文中没有提及，可以排除。27.Whatdostudiesaboutwearingthewrongglassesshow?答案：C）Itcanleadtothelossofvisioninchildren.解析：本题关键词是"studies""wearingthewrongglasses".文章中作者很明显地给出了"Studiesshowthatforadults..."因此了解这个后面的内容，做出本题难度不大。文中说到"foradultsthereisnodanger"，因此排除B选项。"thereisnoevidence...thestructureofeyesischanged""itdoesnotpermanentlydamageeyesight"可以排除D选项，注意如果漏听了no，很可能就会选错。A选项前文没有提及，可以排除。28.Whatdowelearnabouteyetransplantingfromthetalk?答案：D）Itcanonlybepartlyaccomplishednow.解析：本题关键词"eyetransplanting"，迅速定位于听力后面部分。A、B、C选项文中没有提及，排除。文章最后部分"Onlycertainpartsoftheeyecanbereplaced""Onlycertainpartsoftheeyecanbereplaced"可以推断出答案是D选项。PassageTwoWhenpeoplecareforanelderlyrelative,theyoftendo24notuseavailablecommunityservicessuchasadultdaycarecenters.Ifthecaregiversareadultchildren,theyaremorelikelytousesuchservices,especiallybecausetheyoftenhavejobsandotherresponsibilities.Incontrast,aspouseusuallythewife,ismuchlesslikelytousesupportservicesortoputthedependentpersoninanursinghome.Socialworkersdiscoverthatthewifenormallytriestotakecareofherhusbandherselfforaslongasshecaninordernottouseuptheirlifesavings.Researchershavefoundthatcaringfortheelderlycanbeaverypositiveexperience.Theelderlyappreciatedthecareandattentiontheyreceived.Theywereaffectionateandcooperative.However,evenwhencaregivingissatisfying,itishardwork.Socialworkersandexpertsonagingoffercaregiversandpotentialcaregivershelpwhenarrangingforthecareofanelderlyrelative.Oneconsiderationistoaskparentswhattheywantbeforetheybecomesickordependent.Perhapstheyprefergoingintoanursinghomeandcanselectoneinadvance.Ontheotherhand,theymaywanttolivewiththeiradultchildren.Caregiversmustalsolearntostatetheirneedsandopinionsclearlyandaskforhelpfromothersespeciallybrothersandsisters.Brothersandsistersareoftenwillingtohelp,buttheymaynotknowwhattodoQuestions29to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.29.Whyareadultchildrenmorelikelytousecommunityservicestohelpcareforelderlyparents?答案：D）Theyhavejobsandothercommitments.解析：细节题。本题询问原因，文章开头很快就给出了本题答案"becausetheyoftenhavejobsandotherresponsibilities."注意D选项中的commitments的意思是“承诺，保证；承担义务”和responsibilities意思相近。这也是四级考试中常见的选项设置，用同义词或近义词替换掉文中的词汇。这要求考试在备考时，重点词汇及其同义词反义词都要有所了解。其他选项文中没有提及，可排除。30.Whyaremostwivesunwillingtoputtheirdependenthusbandsintonursinghomes?答案：A)Theydon\'twanttouseupalltheirlifesavings.解析：细节题。关键词"wives""husbands"。本题不难，文章中已经直接给出答案"inordernottouseuptheirlifesavings"。31.Accordingtothepassage,whatmustcaregiverslearntodo?31.Accordingtothepassage,whatmustcaregiverslearntodo?答案：C）Befrankandseekhelpfromothers.25解析：关键词"caregivers""learntodo"，问看护人应该要学会做的事情，然后迅速定位于最后部分，"Oneconsiderationistoask..."，"Caregiversmustalsolearntostate..."主要有两件事情，C选项是其中一个，另外一个选项中没有，排除A、B和D选项。PassageThreeSinceaunionrepresentativevisitedourcompanytoinformusaboutourrightsandprotections.Mycoworkershavebeenworryingabouthealthconditionsandcomplainingaboutsafetyhazardsintheworkplace.Severaloftheemployeesinthecomputerdepartment,forexample,claimtobedevelopingvisionproblemsfromhavingtostareatavideodisplayterminalforabout7hoursaday.Thesupervisorofthelaboratoryisbeginningtogetheadachesanddizzyspellsbecauseshesaysit\'sdangeroustobreathesomeofthechemicalsmokethere.AnX-raystechnicianisrefusingtodoherjobuntilthefirmagreestoreplaceitsout-datedequipment.Sheinsiststhatit\'sexposingworkerstounnecessarilyhighdosesofradiation.ShethinksthatshemayhavetocontacttheOccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministrationandaskedthatgovernmentagencytoinspectthedepartment.I\'veheardthatatafactoryintheareatwopregnantwomenwhowereworkingwithpaintrequestedatransfertoasaferdepartment,becausetheywantedtopreventdamagetotheirunbornbabies.Thesupervisorofpersonnelrefusedtherequest.Inanotherfirmtheworkerswereconstantlycomplainingaboutthemalfunctioningheatingsystem,buttheownerswastoobusyortoomeantodoanythingaboutit.Finally,theyallmetanagreetowearski-clothingtoworkthenextday.Theownerwastooembarrassedtotalktohisemployees.Buthehadtheheatingsystemreplacedrightaway.Questions32-35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.32Whatdoesthetalkfocuson?A)Healthandsafetyconditionsinworkplace.解析：主旨题。本题简单，了解了文章主要内容后，就可以直接选出答案。注意不要被文章中员工们得对工作环境的complaints影响而混淆了。33WhatdidtheX-raytechnicianaskhercompanytodo?Replaceitsout-datedequipments.答案：A）Replaceitsout-datedequipments.解析：细节题。作者有直接读出答案，比较简单。34Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthetwopregnantwomenworkingwithpaint?A)Theyrequestedtotransfertoasaferdepartment.答案：A)Theyrequestedtotransfertoasaferdepartment.26解析：细节题。作者有直接读出答案，比较简单。注意选B选项的同学可能犯了想当然的错误。做题还是要按照文章的事实根据来。35Whydidtheworkersinthefirmwearski-clothingtowork?C)Toprotestagainstthepoorworkingconditions.答案：C）Toprotestagainstthepoorworkingconditions.解析：推理题。本题容易误选D选项。因为是heatingsystem出了故障。但通过下文"tooembarrassed""hadtheheatingsystemreplacedrightaway"从老板的反应及采取的措施可以推断出，员工们穿滑雪服地原因其实为对差的工作环境向老板提出抗议。SectionCCompoundDictationContrarytotheoldwarningthattimewaitsfornoone,timeslowsdownwhenyouareonthemove.Italsoslowsdownmoreasyoumovefaster,whichmeansastronauts（宇航员）somedaymaysurvivesolonginspacethattheywouldreturntoanearthofthedistantfuture.Ifyoucouldmoveatthespeedoflight,yourtimewouldstandstill,ifyoucouldmovefasterthanlight,yourtimewouldmovebackward.Althoughnoformofmatteryetdiscovered,movesasfastasorfasterthanlight,scientificexperimentshasalreadyconfirmedthatacceleratedmotioncausesatraveler\'stimetobestretched.AlbertEinsteinpredictedthisin1905,whenheintroducedtheconceptofrelativetimeaspartofhisspecialtheoryofrelativity.Asearchisnowunderwaytoconfirmthesuspectedexistenceofparticlesofmatterthatmoveataspeedgreaterthanlight,andtherefore,mightserveasourpassportstothepast.Anobsessionwithtime-saving,gaining,wasting,losingandmasteringit-seemstohavebeenapartofhumanityforaslongashumanhaveexisted.Humanityalsohasbeenobsessedwithtryingtocapturethemeaningoftime.Einsteinusedadefinitionoftimeforexperimentalpurposes,asthatwhichismeasuredbyaclock.Thustimeandtime\'srelativityaremeasurablebyanyhourglass,alarmclock,oratomicclockthatcanmeasureabillionthofasecond.本文提要：本篇属于科技类文章，主要围绕时间和运动的关系展开；用谚语开篇引出全文，很有吸引力。中间引用爱因斯坦的相对论相关概念具体阐述主题。答案：36.survive解析：文章描述：运动越快，时间变慢得也更快，这也就意味着宇航员有朝一日可以在太空中生存（survive）很久，如此一来他们就可以在遥远（distant）的未来重返地球。37.distant27解析：这个空在future前面，所以预判该填形容词常用搭配无非near，close，distant等，根据听力原文，如上所述，确定是遥远的未来；填distant。38.backward解析：速度达到光速，时间静止；根据常识推断，若速度快于光速，那么时间将后退，即movebackward，根据听力原文可确定这一推断。39.discovered解析：空缺部分作后置定语，从音频可知是发现(discovered)，用其过去完成时态。40.scientific解析：该空后接名词，应为形容词，scientific。41.motion解析：原文描述，实验已证明运动加快会使宇航员的时间延长。这里的运动为motion。42.predicted解析：爱因斯坦在1905年时作出预测，用过去时predicted。43.introduced解析：这是爱因斯坦提出的一个相对时间的概念，用过去时introduced。44.thatmoveataspeedgreaterthanlight,andtherefore,mightserveasourpassportstothepast.解析：当下进行的研究旨在证实，是否有这样的物质，即能以超光速运行，并可以作为我们回归过去的“通行证”。填句只需意思相近就可以，关键抓住核心：超光速运行，可帮助人类回到过去。45.seemstohavebeenapartofhumanityforaslongashumanhaveexisted.解析：人类对时间的节约，获取，浪费以及流失等的着迷，自人类诞生以来就一直是其生活的一部分。核心：人类诞生以来就一直存在的，如影随形的。46.usedadefinitionoftimeforexperimentalpurposes,asthatwhichismeasuredbyaclock.解析：人类也对时间的含义非常着迷，爱因斯坦就曾提出一个试验性的定义，这个定义下的时间可以用钟表来测量。核心意思：试验性的定义，可以用钟表来测量。解题密钥：听类似文章时首先要注意把握逻辑结构，也即听第一遍听时把握大意，先不要急于填写所有空缺，重点是要缕清思路，听懂文章在说什么，记录关键信息词；有了对文章整体的把握后，第二遍听时就容易许多，这时就可以把空缺进量补齐，注意填句部分不一定非得按原文填写，只要意思相近就行；第三遍是最后一遍，此时要边听边检查已填写空缺，另外也可补填遗漏。听力音频结束后，可对所填词汇进行检查，此时主要根据语法知识保证词形，词性准确无误；另外也可重新组织语句，完善填句部分。28PartIVReadingComprehension(Readingindepth)SectionA文章大意：47Ntend48Lnegative49Hefficiently50Bassociated51Aalert52Jfunction/53Fdefinitely54Oyounger55Econtinuing56Gdifferent文章大意：本文主要讲述的是关于老年人睡眠的问题：是否老年人与年轻人相比只需要较少的睡眠时间？47.tendto固定搭配；表示“倾向于；”符合句意；48.空格后是effect，前面是a(n)，由此可见，该处需要填入一个形容词；题目给出的形容词有negative,sufficient,younger；根据前后语意，填入negative最为恰当，表示“少的睡眠时间对大脑的活动有负面的影响。”49.根据推测，该处应该填入一个副词，题目给出的副词有efficiently,definitely,formally；前面提到，老年人在睡觉的时候更容易被打断，而后面用while提出一个对比的概念，年轻人相比起来能获得更_______的睡眠；综合起来，选用efficiently（最有效率的）最为准确。50.beassociatedwith固定搭配；表示“与…联系在一起”；本句话表示“更多的睡眠通常都与健康度联系在一起”；51.先看整句话的含义，“如果他们能睡更长的时间，他们的感觉应该会更好以及…”那么，该处应该填入一个褒义词，选择alert比较恰当，表示“更加警觉，机灵”；52.根据判断，此处应该填入一个动词，剩下的动词有cling,function；整句话的意思是“当我们上了年纪的时候，我们一觉睡到天亮的能力下降了，但是，我们需要…的睡眠量并没有改变；”空格后的单词是well，cling在这里并不合适，一般与to连用；选用function最为适合；53.作者在首段已经提出这个观点是一个myth，那么显而易见最后一段中出现的myth是作为一种强调手段，应填入definitely；54.空格的前面是whentheywere…，“当他们年轻的时候”；应填入younger；55.本句的意思是“我们的数据显示老年人将从…获益；”空格的后面是“得到和他们在三十多岁的时候能得到的睡眠一样多”；根据上下文意思，该处应填入“continuing”；56.differentfrom固定搭配；表示“和…不同”；总的说来，建议大家在做题之前对所给的所有词汇进行一下简单的词性分类，这样，更有助于考生快速有效地从最小的范围内选出答案。SectionB29PassageOne57.Whatcanwelearnfromsomerecentstudies?答案：D.Interraciallodgingmayhavediverseoutcomes.关键词：recentstudies,butalso定位：题干中somerecentstudies提示答案定位在第一段第一句话。解析：问题提问从最近的研究中我们可以了解到什么？第一段第一句中Severalrecentstudiesfoundthat…与题干对应，由此可知that后的就是recentstudies的内容，即beingrandomlyassignedtoaroommateofanotherracecanleadtoincreasedtolerancebutalsotoagreaterlikelihoodofconflict。其中“beingrandomlyassignedtoaroommateofanotherrace”对应了选项D中的“interraciallodging”，“can…butalso…”说明了interraciallodging是有利有弊的。因此D选项符合文意。而C选项“弊大于利”不符合文意,A“不同种族学生之间的争执是不可避免的”选项与B“不同种族的学生相互存在偏见”原文中没有明确提及58.WhatdoesSamBoakye\'sremarkmean?答案：D.Beingsurroundedbywhitepeersmotivatesablackstudenttoworkhardertosucceed.关键词：surrounded,somethingtoprove定位：题干中出现的人名SamBoakye提示答案定位在第四段第一句话。解析：问题提问SamBoakye的话是什么意思？通过定位可以找到SamBoakye的那段话，即ifyou\'resurroundedbywhites,youhavesomethingtoprove.这句话前面的插入语-theonlyblackstudentonhisfreshmanyearfloor-介绍了SamBoakye作为黑人学生的背景，帮助我们理解之前那句话：如果你的周围都是白人，那么一定会去证明些什么，言下之意就是选项D“白人同伴的存在会激励黑人学生更加努力地去取得成功”。而选项A,B,C在文中没有明确提及。本题选项C有个干扰信息“thefreshmanyear”，在原文中出现。某些考生看到这个词，不假思索就选择了这个选项，但没有搞懂原文的意思，导致错误选择。请考生留意。59.WhatdoestheIndianUniversitystudyshow?答案：A.Interracialroommatesaremorelikelytofallout.关键词：IndianUniversity,morelikely,定位：题干中出现的机构名称IndianUniversity提示答案定位在第七段第一句话。解析：问题提问IndianUniversity的研究显示了什么？通过定位可以发现研究结果显示Interracialroommatewerethreetimesaslikelyastwowhiteroommatestonolongerlivetogether，与选项A中的morelikelytofallout对应，因此选择D。此处，fallout应该理解为“散伙，分开”有些考生可能因为不理解意思而产生歧义，请考生留意。60.WhatdoesAlecWebleyconsidertobethe“definitionofintegration”?答案：D.Theschoolrandomlyassignsroommateswithout30regardtorace.关键词：AlecWebley,definitionofintegration定位：题干出现的人名AlecWebley提示答案定位在第十段第一句。解析：通过定位找到人名，人名后出现“Thisisthedefinitionofintegration”，由“this”可知人名前就是我们要找的答案，即theprocessthrowsyoutogetherrandomly，“throwyoutogetherrandomly”与“randomlyassign”对应。意思与选项D符合。因此，此处选择D。61.WhatdoesGraceKaosayaboutinterraciallodging?答案：A.Itisunscientifictomakegeneralizationsaboutitwithoutfurtherstudy.关键词：GraceKao,generalizations定位：题干中出现的人名GraceKao以及generalizations提示答案定位在文章最后一段。根据最后一段意思：要得出Interraciallodging的一般规律，需要对学生的背景特征有更多的研究，与选项D的意思相同。而选项ABC在文中没有明确提及。PassageTwo本篇文章主要是围绕一份来自GlobalHumanitarianForum的报告展开的，在解题之前，通过对5个题干的浏览，以及在原文中的定位，可以发现，这篇文章是严格按照顺序原则来出题的。每一个题干中都有大写的字母，这些首字母大写的单词既是关键词，也是定位词，可以有效地帮助我们到原文中准确定位，节省答题时间。62.WhatisthefindingoftheGlobalHumanitarianForum?答案：B.Ratesofdeathfromillnesseshaverisenduetoglobalwarming.关键词：GlobalHumanitarianForum定位：第一段、第二段解析：一般而言，四级的阅读题目大致遵循顺序原则，此篇文章正好是遵循此规律的。在文章的第一段，第一行，我们看到“…300,000deathsandabout$125billion…”,根据这里，我们可以把答案锁定在选项A（economic）和选项B(Ratesofdeath)，然后我们接着往下看，可以发现，第二段就没有再提到金钱方面了，而都是在讲死亡和疾病的话题，如第二段的第三行“…deathratesfromillnesses…”。所以，最后正确的选项是B。63.WhatdowelearnabouttheForum\'sreportfromthepassage?答案：A.Itwaschallengedbysomeclimateandriskexperts.关键词：learn、Forum\'sreport定位：第三段解析：根据顺序原则，我们在接下来的第三段里就找到了63题的答案。第三段的第一行就讲到“thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk”，这和A选项是完全相一致的，challenged是criticism的同义替换。B选项中的“interest”表示“兴趣”，主要用于好的事物，这里讲的都是对theForum\'srepor的批评，显然就不合适了。C选项表达的意思跟原文正好相反，31这个是肯定要排除的。然后，有的同学可能会选到D选项，可能是受到文中第四段“…primarilyinpoorcountries,werebeingseriouslyeffected…”这句话的影响。但是D选项中“abigstir”“一阵巨大的骚乱”文中是完全没有提到的。64.WhatdoesDr.PielkesayabouttheForum\'sreport?答案：B.Itisinvalidintermsofmethodology.关键词：Dr.Pielke、say定位：第五段解析：在第五段，我们可以很快找到Pielke，然后找到他说的话，第二行“theForum\'sreportwas‘amethodologicalembarrassment\'”,然后在第六行“butthereport,hesaid‘willharmthe…itissodeeplyflawed\'”。根据这两句话，选项中invalid是flawed的同义替换，我们可以很容易地选到B。65.WhatisSorenAndreasen\'sviewofthereport?答案：D.Itsroughestimatesaremeanttodrawtheattentionofworldleaders.关键词：SorenAndreasen定位：第六段解析：在第六段的第二行和第三行，可以看到“thenumberwereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders…”,根据这两句话，我们就能较轻松地将正确答案锁定在D选项。66.WhatdoesKofiAnnansayshouldbethefocusoftheCopenhagenconference?答案：D.Howrichcountriescanbetterhelppoorregionsreduceclimatehazards.关键词：KofiAnnan、focusoftheCopenhagenconference定位：第七段（即文中的最后一段）解析：最后一段是KofiAnnan说的一段话。我们在最后一段的第二行，focuson后面“…fromrichtopoorregionstohelpreduce…”后面的内容就无需再花时间去看了，因为他focus（关注）的地方，在此就已经陈述清楚了，正确答案就是D。PartVCloze文章大意：67.to68.specific69.key70.different71.prevent72.in73.focus74.over75.rather76.consumed77.vital78.amazed3279.contain80.interact81.on82.up83.fill84.avoid85.doubt86.impact这是一篇关于科学饮食的科技新闻。为了让学生快速进入语境，文章第一段没有挖空。从第一段中，我们可以获得全文主旨：科学饮食的真谛是从大处着眼，67.第二段首句有个定语从句：科学饮食远不止分析每一口放到嘴里的饭。这里要选择一个介词，lift的原意是高举，在这里的意思就是“放到嘴边”，to表示方向。between表示在某某之间，不合题意。inside表示静态，与lift这个动作相矛盾。同理，B选项through，表示穿过，lift这个动作，到嘴边就结束了，并没有穿过嘴巴。68.按照原文的逻辑，接下来的一句话，表达过去人们如何如何，是为了给出“靶子”加以批评，所以，我们需要继续往后读，读到作者提倡的做法，然后反向理解一下，便可选出答案。69.根据语法搭配，只有key才可以和后面的to相搭配，所以选择A选项。70.句首的but，是题眼，表达对比之意，所以，下文开始讲述“另一种”“不同的”饮食习惯。因此，选择B选项，different。71.这里是个不定式短语，需要一个动词，由宾语heartdisease可知，“prevent”（预防）是最佳搭配。72.考察和general搭配的介词，只有in符合语法。73.需要一个动词和on搭配，语法上四个选项都可以搭配，只能从词义上判断，turnon表示打开，focuson表示注重，puton表示穿衣，carryon表示执行。根据宾语，“更广的层面”，可知应该选择focuson。74.需要一个和“时间段”搭配的介词，overaperiodoftime表示一段时间以来，符合题意。75.这里表示“是什么而不是什么”，应该用ratherthan才能准确达意。76.这是个分词短语作后置定语修饰前面的“thisorthat”，这里的thisorthat代指食物。convey是表达，不搭配。enter可以表示“输入，记下”，也不和食物搭配。和食物搭配的只有B和D，consume表示，消费或消耗。exhaust表示耗尽。很明显，这里的食物并不会耗尽，所以只能选B选项。这里我们可以回过头来，看一下第68题，文章的主旨是，“Scientistnowfocusonthebroaderpictureofthebalanceoffoodeatenoverseveraldaysoraweek”即“科学家现在注重最近几天内的均衡饮食”，与此能够形成对比的，“单个营养元素的定量摄入”，这里能表达特定量的词只有“certain”或者“specific”，这里用certain更自然，但是没有提供选项，因此就只能选择specific，表示“特定的”。3377.需要个形容词，做后置定语，和forgoodhealth搭配，这里只有vital能和for搭配，表示“对…重要”。78.这里是一个Themore…themore的固定表达，表示“越……越……”，这里用amazed表达科研人员，对新发现所产生的“惊奇之感”。79.这里的they表示食物，结合后面的动词，构成定语从句，修饰“必备营养元素”，这里的用contain才能准确达意，“食物包含必备营养元素”80.需要一个动词和with搭配，只能选择A和B，但从语义上判断，必备营养元素之间会相互反应，肯定不会相互干扰。因此只能选择interact。81.这里需要一个介词和track搭配，只有ontherighttrack才符合语法82.这里根据题意，“蔬菜、水果和谷物构成了饭菜的四分之三”，这里makeup表达“构成”之意。83.这里需要一个动词，宾语是“剩余的四分之一”，从语义上理解，我们需要选择“填充”，因此，fillin是符合语法的。84.这里需要一个动词，结合题意，这个空应该表达“不吃”，才能和前面的eat形成对比，这里的avoid，表达避免的意思，比delete（删除）更切题。85.文章在最后一句，要下一个结论，这里用withoutadoubt表达“毫无疑问”，符合题目要求。86.这里需要一个名词，和on搭配，只有impact符合题意。总之，今年四级的完型填空，涉及3处名词，5处介词，7处动词，4处形容词和1处副词。只有1题（第68题）需要整体把握，其余部分只要在句子内部或者句子之间进行上下文逻辑比对或语法搭配，即可完成。PartVITranslation87.Theuniversityauthoritiesdidnotapprovetheregulation,nordidtheymakeanyexplanation/nordidtheygivethereasonfordoingso(也没有解释为什么).解析：本题考察了两个知识点。①nor的倒装句用法，后半句表示“也不”的否定意义，注意助动词的时态与上半句保持一致；②对某事做出解释的表达，考察了汉译英中动词转名词的技巧，explain→explanation，或者nordidtheygivethereasonfordoingso同样可以。88.Janeistiredofdealingwithcustomercomplaintsandwishesthatshecouldbeassigned(to)anotherjob（能被分配做另一项工作）解析：本题考察了wish从句的虚拟语气用法（can→could）和“分配某人做某事”的词组搭配，assignsb.tosth.或者assignsb.sth.89.Johnrescuedthedrowningchildattheriskofhisownlife(冒着自己生命危险).解析：本题考察了“冒着…的危险/风险做某事”的词组搭配，可以用attherisk/expenseofone\'sownlife（冒着某人的生命危险做某事）3490.Georgecalledhisbossfromtheairportbutit①washisassistantwhoanswered/pickedupthephone；②turnedoutthathisassistantanswered/pickedupthephone（接电话的却是他的助手）解析：该句比较灵活，在句法上，既可以使用强调句结构，也可以采用turnout的惯用搭配；在“接电话”的表达上，可以用pickup/answerthephone。强调句结构为itbesb.whodosth.,而turnout变化则较多，可以用turnouttobesb.whodosth.或者turnout+that+从句。91.Althoughhewasinterestedinphilosophy,hisfatherpersuadedhiminto/talkedhiminto（他的父亲说服他）majoringinlaw.解析：本题考察“说服某人做某事”的表达，persuade/talksb.intodoingsth.整体评价：今年6月的翻译题难度适中，89和91题的词组搭配是拿分题，而87题的倒装结构和88题的虚拟语气用法也是广大四级考生的“老朋友”，不熟悉实在说不过去。2010年12月英语四级考试真题PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledHowShouldParentsHelpChildrentoBeIndependent?Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1.目前不少父母为孩子包办一切2.为了让孩子独立,父母应该……HowShouldParentsHelpChildrentoBeIndependent?注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上PartIIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning)（15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesen-tenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.AGrassrootsRemedyMostofusspendourlivesseekingthenaturalworld.Tothisend,wewalkthedog,playgolf,gofishing,sitinthegarden,drinkoutsideratherthaninsidethepub,haveapicnic,liveinthesuburbs,gototheseaside,buyaweekendplaceinthecountry.ThemostpopularleisureactivityinBritainisgoingforawalk.Andwhenjoggers(慢跑者)jog,theydon’trunthestreets.Everyoneof35theminstinctivelyheadstotheparkortheriver.Itismyprofoundbeliefthatnotonlydoweallneednature,butweallseeknature,whetherweknowwearedoingsoornot.Butdespitethis,ourchildrenaregrowingupnature-deprived(丧失).IspentmyboyhoodclimbingtreesonStreathamCommon,SouthLondon.Thesedays,childrenarerobbedoftheseancientfreedoms,duetoproblemslikecrime,traffic,thelossoftheopenspacesandoddnewperceptionsaboutwhatisbestforchildren,thatistosay,thingsthatcanbebought,ratherthanthingsthatcanbefound.Thetruthistobefoundelsewhere.AstudyintheUS:familieshadmovedtobetterhousingandthechildrenwereassessedforADHD—attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder(多动症).Thosewhoseaccommodationhadmorenaturalviewsshowedanimprovementof19%;thosewhohadthesameimprovementinmaterialsurroundingsbutnoniceviewimprovedjust4%.AstudyinSwedenindicatedthatkindergartenchildrenwhocouldplayinanaturalenvironmenthadlessillnessandgreaterphysicalabilitythanchildrenusedonlytoanormalplayground.AUSstudysuggestedthatwhenaschoolgavechildrenaccesstoanaturalenvironment,academiclevelswereraisedacrosstheentireschool.Anotherstudyfoundthatchildrenplaydifferentlyinanaturalenvironment.Inplaygrounds,childrencreateahierarchy(等级)basedonphysicalabilities,withthetoughonestakingthelead.Butwhenagrassyareawasplantedwithbushes,thechildrengotmuchmoreintofantasyplay,andthesocialhierarchywasnowbasedonimaginationandcreativity.Mostbullying(恃强凌弱)isfoundinschoolswherethereisatarmac(柏油碎石)playground;theleastbullyingisinanaturalareathatthechildrenareencouragedtoexplore.ThisremindsmeunpleasantlyofSunnyhillSchoolinStreatham,withitsharshtarmac,whereIusedtohangaboutincornersfantasisingaboutwildlife.Butchildrenarefrequentlydiscouragedfrominvolvementwithnaturalspaces,forhealthandsafetyreasons,forfearthattheymightgetdirtyorthattheymightcausedamage.So,instead,thedamageisdonetothechildrenthemselves:nottotheirbodiesbuttotheirsouls.OneofthegreatproblemsofmodernchildhoodisADHD,nowincreasinglyandexpensivelytreatedwithdrugs.YetonestudyafteranotherindicatesthatcontactwithnaturegiveshugebenefitstoADHDchildren.However,wespendmoneyondrugsratherthanongreenplaces.36Thelifeofoldpeopleismeasurablybetterwhentheyhaveaccesstonature.Theincreasingemphasisforthegrowingpopulationofoldpeopleisinqualityratherthanquantityofyears.Andstudyafterstudyfindsthatagardenisthesinglemostimportantthinginfindingthatquality.Inwiderandmoredifficultareasoflife,thereisevidencetoindicatethatnaturalsurroundingsimproveallkindsofthings.Evenproblemswithcrimeandaggressivebehaviourarereducedwhenthereiscontactwiththenaturalworld.DrWilliamBird,researcherfromtheRoyalSocietyfortheProtectionofBirds,statesinhisstudy,“Anaturalenvironmentcanreduceviolentbehaviourbecauseitsrestorativeprocesshelpsreduceangerandimpulsivebehaviour.”Wildplacesneedencouragingforthisreason,nomatterhowsmalltheircontribution.Wetendtolookonnatureconservationassomekindoffavourthathumanbeingsaregrantingtothenaturalworld.Theerrorhereisfartoodeep:notonlydohumansneednatureforthemselves,buttheveryideathathumanityandthenaturalworldareseparablethingsisprofoundlydamaging.Humanbeingsareaspeciesofmammals(哺乳动物).Forsevenmillionyearstheylivedontheplanetaspartofnature.Ourancestralselvesmissthenaturalworldandlongforcontactwithnon-humanlife.Anyonewhohaspattedadog,strokedacat,satunderatreewithapintofbeer,givenorreceivedabunchofflowersorchosentowalkthroughtheparkonaniceday,understandsthat.Weneedthewildworld.Itisessentialtoourwell-being,ourhealth,ourhappiness.Withoutthewildworldwearenotmorebutlesscivilised.Withoutotherlivingthingsarounduswearelessthanhuman.FivewaystofindharmonywiththenaturalworldWalk:Breaktherhythmofpermanentlybeingunderaroof.Getoffastopearlier,makeacircuitoftheparkatlunchtime,walkthechildtoandfromschool,getadog,feelyourselfmovinginmovingair,look,listen,absorb.Sit:Takeamoment,everynowandthen,tobestillinanopenspace.Inthegarden,anywherethat’snotintheoffice,anywhereoutofthehouse,awayfromtheroutine.Situnderatree,lookatwater,feelrefreshed,eversoslightlyrenewed.Drink:Thebestwaytoenjoythenaturalworldisbyyourself;thesecondbestwayisincompany.Takeadrinkoutsidewithagoodperson,agoodgathering:talkwiththesunandthewindwithbirdsongforbackground.37Learn:Expandyourboundaries.Learnfivespeciesofbird,fivebutterflies,fivetrees,fivebirdsongs.Thatway,youseeandhearmore:andyourmindrespondsgratefullytothegreateramountofwildnessinyourlife.Travel:Theplacesyoualwayswantedtovisit:bytheseaside,inthecountry,inthehills.Takeaweekendbreak,aday-trip,getoutthereanddoit:forthescenery,forthewaythroughthewoods,forthebirds,forthebees.Gosomewherespecialandbringspecialnesshome.Itlastsforever,afterall.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.Whatistheauthor’sprofoundbelief?［A］Peopleinstinctivelyseeknatureindifferentways.［B］Peopleshouldspendmostoftheirlivesinthewild.［C］Peoplehavequitedifferentperceptionsofnature.［D］Peoplemustmakemoreeffortstostudynature.2.Whatdoestheauthorsaypeoplepreferfortheirchildrennowadays?［A］Personalfreedom.［B］Thingsthatarenatural.［C］Urbansurroundings.［D］Thingsthatarepurchased.3.WhatdoesastudyinSwedenshow?［A］Thenaturalenvironmentcanhelpchildrenlearnbetter.［B］Moreaccesstonaturemakeschildrenlesslikelytofallill.［C］Agoodplaygroundhelpskidsdeveloptheirphysicalabilities.［D］NaturalviewscanpreventchildrenfromdevelopingADHD.4.Childrenwhohavechancestoexplorenaturalareas________.［A］tendtodevelopastrongloveforscience［B］aremorelikelytofantasiseaboutwildlife［C］tendtobephysicallytougherinadulthood［D］arelesslikelytobeinvolvedinbullying5.WhatdoestheauthorsuggestwedotohelpchildrenwithADHD?［A］Findmoreeffectivedrugsforthem.［B］Providemoregreenspacesforthem.［C］Placethemundermorepersonalcare.［D］Engagetheminmoremeaningfulactivities.6.Inwhatwaydoelderlypeoplebenefitfromtheircontactwithnature?38［A］Theylookonlifeoptimistically.［C］Theyareabletolivelonger.［B］Theyenjoyalifeofbetterquality.［D］Theybecomegood-humoured.7.DrWilliamBirdsuggestsinhisstudythat________.［A］humanityandnaturearecomplementarytoeachother［B］wildplacesmayinduceimpulsivebehaviourinpeople［C］accesstonaturecontributestothereductionofviolence［D］ittakesalongtimetorestorenatureoncedamaged8.Itisextremelyharmfultothinkthathumanityandthenaturalworldcanbe______________9.Theauthorbelievesthatwewouldnotbesocivilisedwithout____________________10.Thefivesuggestionstheauthorgivesattheendofthepassagearemeanttoencouragepeopletoseek_________________withthenaturalworld.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarked［A］,［B］,［C］and［D］,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。11.［A］Themanshouldvisitthemuseums.［C］Thebeachresortisagoodchoice.［B］Shecan’tstandthehotweather.［D］SheenjoysstayinginWashington.12.［A］Hernewresponsibilitiesinthecompany.［B］Whatherjobprospectsare.［C］Whatthecustomers’feedbackis.［D］Thedirector’sopinionofherwork13.［A］Combinehertrainingwithdieting.［B］Repeatthetrainingeverythreedays.［C］Avoidexcessivephysicaltraining.［D］Includeweightliftingintheprogram.14.［A］Whenshewillreturnhome.［B］Whethershecangobyherself.39［C］Whethershecantravelbyair.［D］Whenshewillcompletelyrecover.15.［A］Thewomanknowshowtodealwiththepolice.［B］Thewomanhadbeenfinedmanytimesbefore.［C］Thewomanhadviolatedtrafficregulations.［D］Thewomanisgoodatfindingexcuses.16.［A］Switchofftherefrigeratorforawhile.［B］Havesomeonerepairtherefrigerator.［C］Askthemantofixtherefrigerator.［D］Buyarefrigeratorofbetterquality.17.［A］Heownsapieceoflandinthedowntownarea.［B］Hehasgotenoughmoneytobuyahouse.［C］Hecanfinallydowhathehasdreamedof.［D］Heismovingintoabiggerapartment.18.［A］Sheisblackandblueallover.［B］Shehastogotoseeadoctor.［C］Shestayedawayfromworkforafewdays.［D］Shegothurtinanaccidentyesterday.Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.［A］Shewasabankmanager.［B］Shewasavictimoftherobbery.［C］Shewasadefencelawyer.［D］Shewasawitnesstothecrime.20.［A］Atallmanwithdarkhairandamoustache.［B］Ayouthwithadistinguishingmarkonhisface.［C］Athirty-year-oldguywearingalightsweater.［D］Amedium-sizedyoungmancarryingagun.21.［A］Identifythesuspectfrompictures.［B］Goupstairstosignsomedocument.［C］Haveherphototakenfortheirfiles.［D］Verifytherecordofwhatshehadsaid.Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.22.［A］Byreadinganewspaperad.［C］Bylisteningtothemorningnews.［B］ByseeingacommercialonTV.［D］Bycallinganemploymentservice.23.［A］Shecouldimproveherforeignlanguages.［B］Shecouldworkclosetoherfamily.［C］Shecouldtraveloverseasfrequently.［D］Shecoulduseherpreviousexperiences.24.［A］Takingmanagementcourses.［C］Workingasasecretary.［B］TeachingEnglishatauniversity.［D］StudyingforadegreeinFrench.28.［A］Prepareforaninterviewinacoupleofdays.［B］Readtheadvertisementagainformoredetails.40［C］Sendinawrittenapplicationassoonaspossible.［D］Gettoknowthecandidatesontheshortlist.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked［A］,［B］,［C］and［D］.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。PassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.［A］Theycannotseethefirefightersbecauseofthesmoke.［B］Theydonotrealizethedangertheyarein.［C］Theycannothearthefirefightersforthenoise.［D］Theymistakethefirefightersformonsters.27.［A］HetravelsalloverAmericatohelpputoutfires.［B］Heoftenteacheschildrenwhattododuringafire.［C］HeteachesSpanishinaSanFranciscocommunity.［D］Heprovidesoxygenmaskstochildrenfreeofcharge.28.［A］Hesavedthelifeofhisbrotherchokingonfood.［B］Herescuedastudentfromabigfire.［C］Heisverygoodatpublicspeaking.［D］Hegivesinformativetalkstoyoungchildren.29.［A］FirefightersplayanimportantroleinAmerica.［B］Kidsshouldlearnnottobeafraidofmonsters.［C］Carelessnesscanresultintragedies［D］Informativespeechescansavelives.PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.［A］Tosatisfytheneedsoftheirfamily.［B］Tofullyrealizetheirpotential.［C］Tomakemoneyforearlyretirement.［D］Togainasenseoftheirpersonalworth.31.［A］Theymayhavetocontinuetoworkinoldage.［B］Theymayregretthetimetheywasted.［C］Theymayhavenobodytodependoninthefuture.［D］Theymayhavefewerjobopportunities.32.［A］Makingwiseuseofyourtime.［B］Enjoyingyourselfwhileyoucan.［C］Savingasmuchasyoucan.41［D］Workinghardandplayinghard.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.［A］Hardworkingstudentsbeingaccusedofcheating.［B］Boystudentsbeingoftentreatedaslaw-breakers.［C］Innocentpeoplebeingsuspectedgroundlessly.［D］Junioremployeesbeingmadetoworkovertime.38.［A］Forbiddingstudentstotakefoodoutoftherestaurant.［B］Requestingcustomerstopaybeforetakingthefood.［C］Askingcustomerstoleavetheirbagsonthecounters.［D］Allowingonlytwostudentstoenteratatime.39.［A］Hewastakentothemanager.［B］Hewascloselywatched［C］Hewasaskedtoleave［D］Hewasovercharged.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题在答题卡2上作答。Writingkeepsusintouchwithotherpeople.Wewritetocommunicatewithrelativesandfriends.Wewriteto(36)__ourfamilyhistoriessoourchildrenandgrandchildrencanlearnand(37)______theirheritage(传统).WithcomputersandInternetconnectionsinsomany(38)_____,colleges,business,peoplee-mailingfriendsandrelativesallthetime—ortalkingtotheminwritinginonline(39)____rooms.Itischeaperthancallinglongdistance,andalotmore(40)________thanwaitinguntilSundayforthetelephone(41)_____todrop.Studentsaree-mailingtheirprofessorsto(42)_____anddiscusstheirclassroomassignmentsandto(43)_____________them.Theyaree-mailingclassmatestodiscussandcollaborate(合作)onhomework.(44)__________________.Despitethegrowingimportanceofcomputers,however,42therewillalwaysbeaplaceandneedforthepersonalletter.(45)_____________.Nomatterwhatthecontentofthemessage,itsrealpointis,“IwantyoutoknowthatIcareaboutyou.”(46)__________________________,butonlyinthesuccessofhumanrelationships.PartⅣReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whatdeterminesthekindofpersonyouare?Whatfactorsmakeyoumoreorlessbold,intelligent,orabletoreadamap?Alloftheseareinfluencedbytheinteractionofyourgenesandtheenvironmentinwhichyouwere47.Thestudyofhowgenesandenvironmentinteracttoinfluence48activityisknownasbehavioralgenetics.Behavioralgeneticshasmadeimportant49tothebiologicalrevolution,providinginformationabouttheextenttowhichbiologyinfluencesmind,brainandbehavior.Anyresearchthatsuggeststhat50toperformcertainbehaviorsarebasedinbiologyiscontroversial.Whowantstobetoldthattherearelimitationstowhatyoucan51basedonsomethingthatisbeyondyourcontrol,suchasyourgenes?Itiseasytoacceptthatgenescontrolphysicalcharacteristicssuchassex,raceandeyecolor.Butcangenesalsodeterminewhetherpeoplewillgetdivorced,how52theyare,orwhatcareertheyarelikelytochoose?Aconcernofpsychologicalscientistsisthe53towhichallofthesecharacteristicsareinfluencedbynatureandnurture(养育),bygeneticmakeupandtheenvironment.Increasingly,science54thatgeneslaythegroundworkformanyhumantraits.Fromthisperspective,peopleareborn55likeundevelopedphotographs:Theimageisalreadycaptured,butthewayit56appearscanvarybasedonthedevelopmentprocess.However,thebasicpictureistherefromthebeginning.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。［A］abilities［I］extent［B］achieve［J］indicates［C］appeal［K］proceeds［D］complaints［L］psychological［E］contributions［M］raised［F］displayed［N］smart［G］essentially［O］standard［H］eventuallySectionBPassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.43Itisprettymuchaone-waystreet.Whileitmaybecommonforuniversityresearcherstotrytheirluckinthecommercialworld,thereisverylittletrafficintheoppositedirection.Payhasalwaysbeenthebiggestdeterrent,aspeoplewithfamiliesoftenfeeltheycannotaffordthedropinsalarywhenmovingtoauniversityjob.Forsomeindustrialscientists,however,theattractionsofacademia(学术界)outweighanyfinancialconsiderations.HelenLeetooka70%cutinsalarywhenshemovedfromaseniorpostinAbbottLaboratoriestoamedicaldepartmentattheUniversityofCambridge.Hermainreasonforreturningtoacademiamid-careerwastotakeadvantageofthegreaterfreedomtochooseresearchquestions.Someareasofinquiryhavefewprospectsofacommercialreturn,andLee’sisoneofthem.Theimpactofasalarycutisprobablylesssevereforascientistintheearlystagesofacareer.GuyGrant,nowaresearchassociateattheUnileverCentreforMolecularInformaticsattheUniversityofCambridge,spenttwoyearsworkingforapharmaceutical(制药的)companybeforereturningtouniversityasapost-doctoralresearcher.Hetooka30%salarycutbutfeltitworthwhileforthegreaterintellectualopportunities.Higheruptheladder,whereapaycutisusuallymoresignificant,thedemandforscientistswithawealthofexperienceinindustryisforcinguniversitiestomakethetransition(转换)toacademiamoreattractive,accordingtoLee.Industrialscientiststendtoreceivetrainingthatacademicsdonot,suchashowtobuildamultidisciplinaryteam,managebudgetsandnegotiatecontracts.Theyarealsowellplacedtobringsomethingextratotheteachingsideofanacademicrolethatwillhelpstudentsgetajobwhentheygraduate,saysLee,perhapsexperienceinmanufacturingpracticeorproductdevelopment.“Onlyasmallnumberofundergraduateswillcontinueinanacademiccareer.Sosomeoneleavinguniversitywhoalreadyhastheskillsneededtoworkinanindustriallabhasfarmorepotentialinthejobmarketthansomeonewhohasspentalltheirtimeonanarrowresearchproject.”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。57.By“aone-waystreet”(Line1,Para.1),theauthormeans________.［A］universityresearchersknowlittleaboutthecommercialworld［B］thereislittleexchangebetweenindustryandacademia［C］fewindustrialscientistswouldquittoworkinauniversity44［D］fewuniversityprofessorsarewillingtodoindustrialresearch58.Theword“deterrent”(Line2,Para.1)mostprobablyreferstosomethingthat________.［A］keepssomeonefromtakingaction［C］attractspeople’sattention［B］helpstomovethetraffic［D］bringssomeoneafinancialburden59.WhatwasHelenLee’smajorconsiderationwhenshechangedherjobinthemiddleofhercareer?［A］Flexibleworkhours.［C］Herpreferenceforthelifestyleoncampus.［B］Herresearchinterests.［D］Prospectsofacademicaccomplishments.60.GuyGrantchosetoworkasaresearcheratCambridgeinorderto________.［A］dofinanciallymorerewardingwork［B］raisehisstatusintheacademicworld［C］enrichhisexperienceinmedicalresearch［D］exploitbetterintellectualopportunities61.Whatcontributioncanindustrialscientistsmakewhentheycometoteachinauniversity?［A］Increaseitsgraduates’competitivenessinthejobmarket［B］Developitsstudents’potentialinresearch.［C］Helpittoobtainfinancialsupportfromindustry.［D］Gearitsresearchtowardspracticalapplications.PassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Beingsociablelookslikeagoodwaytoaddyearstoyourlife.Relationshipswithfamily,friends,neighbours,evenpets,willalldothetrick,butthebiggestlongevity(长寿)boostseemstocomefrommarriageoranequivalentrelationship.Theeffectwasfirstnotedin1858byWilliamFarr,whowrotethatwidowsandwidowers(鳏夫)wereatamuchhigherriskofdyingthantheirmarriedpeers.Studiessincethensuggestthatmarriagecouldaddasmuchassevenyearstoaman’slifeandtwotoawoman’s.Theeffectholdsforallcausesofdeath,whetherillness,accidentorself-harm.Eveniftheoddsarestackedagainstyou,marriagecanmorethancompensate.LindaWaiteoftheUniversityofChicagohasfoundthatamarriedoldermanwithheartdiseasecanexpecttolivenearlyfouryearslongerthananunmarriedmanwithahealthyheart.Likewise,amarriedmanwhosmokesmorethanapackadayislikelytoliveaslongasadivorcedmanwhodoesn’tsmoke.There’saflipside,however,aspartnersaremorelikelytobecomeillordie45inthecoupleofyearsfollowingtheirspouse’sdeath,andcaringforaspousewithmentaldisordercanleaveyouwithsomeofthesamesevereproblems.Evenso,theoddsfavourmarriage.Ina30-yearstudyofmorethan10,000people,NicholasChristakisofHarvardMedicalSchooldescribeshowallkindsofsocialnetworkshavesimilareffects.Sohowdoesitwork?Theeffectsarecomplex,affectedbysocio-economicfactors,health-serviceprovision,emotionalsupportandothermorephysiological(生理的)mechanisms.Forexample,socialcontactcanboostdevelopmentofthebrainandimmunesystem,leadingtobetterhealthandlesschanceofdepressionlaterinlife.Peopleinsupportiverelationshipsmayhandlestressbetter.Thentherearethepsychologicalbenefitsofasupportivepartner.Alifepartner,childrenandgoodfriendsareallrecommendedifyouaimtoliveto100.Theultimatesocialnetworkisstillbeingmappedout,butChristakissays:“Peopleareinterconnected,sotheirhealthisinterconnected.”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。62.WilliamFarr’sstudyandotherstudiesshowthat_________.［A］sociallifeprovidesaneffectivecureforillness［B］beingsociablehelpsimproveone’squalityoflife［C］womenbenefitmorethanmenfrommarriage［D］marriagecontributesagreatdealtolongevity63.LindaWaite’sstudiessupporttheideathat_________.［A］oldermenshouldquitsmokingtostayhealthy［B］marriagecanhelpmakeupforillhealth［C］themarriedarehappierthantheunmarried［D］unmarriedpeoplearelikelytosufferinlaterlife64.Itcanbeinferredfromthecontextthatthe“flipside”(Line4,Para.2)refersto_________.［A］thedisadvantagesofbeingmarried［B］theemotionalproblemsarisingfrommarriage［C］theresponsibilityoftakingcareofone’sfamily［D］theconsequenceofabrokenmarriage65.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsocialnetworks?［A］Theyhaveeffectssimilartothoseofamarriage.［B］Theyhelpdeveloppeople’scommunityspirit.［C］Theyprovidetimelysupportforthoseinneed.［D］Theyhelprelievepeopleoftheirlife’sburdens.4666.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?［A］It’simportantthatwedevelopasocialnetworkwhenyoung.［B］Tostayhealthy,oneshouldhaveapropersocialnetwork.［C］Gettingadivorcemeansriskingareducedlifespan.［D］Weshouldshareoursocialnetworkswitheachother.PartⅤCloze(15minutes)注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Overhalftheworld’speoplenowliveincities.Thelatest“GlobalReportonHumanSettlements”saysasignificantchangetookplacelastyear.Thereport67thisweekfromU.N.Habitat,aUnitedNationsagency.Acenturyago,68thanfivepercentofallpeoplelivedincities.69themiddleofthiscenturyitcouldbeseventypercent,or70sixandahalfbillionpeople.Alreadythree-fourthsofpeoplein71countriesliveincities.Nowmosturbanpopulation72isinthedevelopingworld.Urbanizationcan73tosocialandeconomicprogress,butalsoput74oncitiestoprovidehousingand75.Thenewreportsaysalmosttwohundredthousandpeoplemove76citiesandtownseachday.Itsaysworseninginequalities,77bysocialdivisionsanddifferencesin78,couldresultinviolenceandcrime79citiesplanbetter.Anotherissueisurbansprawl(无序扩展的城区).Thisiswherecities80quicklyintoruralareas,sometimes81amuchfasterratethanurbanpopulationgrowth.Sprawlis82intheUnitedStates.Americansmovealot.Inarecentstudy,ArtHallattheUniversityofKansasfoundthatpeoplearemovingawayfromthe83citiestosmallerones.Heseesa84toward“de-urbanization”acrossthenation.85urbaneconomiesstillprovidemany86thatruralareasdonot.67.［A］cameon［B］cameoff［C］cameover［D］cameout68.［A］more［B］other［C］less［D］rather69.［A］By［B］Through［C］Along［D］To70.［A］really［B］barely［C］ever［D］almost71.［A］flourishing［B］developed［C］47thriving［D］fertile72.［A］extension［B］addition［C］raise［D］growth73.［A］keep［B］turn［C］lead［D］refer74.［A］pressure［B］load［C］restraint［D］weight75.［A］surroundings［B］communities［C］concerns［D］services76.［A］onto［B］into［C］around［D］upon77.［A］pulled［B］driven［C］drawn［D］pressed78.［A］situation［B］wealt［C］treasure［D］category79.［A］when［B］if［C］unless［D］whereas80.［A］expand［B］split［C］invade［D］enlarge81.［A］in［B］beyond［C］with［D］at82.［A］common［B］conventio［C］ordinary［D］frequent83.［A］essential［B］prior［C］primitive［D］major84.［A］trend［B］style［C］direction［D］path85.［A］Then［B］But［C］For［D］While86.［A］abilities［B］qualities［C］possibilities［D］realitiesPartVITranslation(5minutes)Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。87._________________________(为了确保他参加会议),Icalledhimupinadvance.88.Themagnificentmuseum______________(据说建成于)aboutahundredyearsago.89.Therewouldbenolifeonearth_____________(没有地球独特的环境).90.__________(给游客印象最深的)wasthefriendlinessandwarmthofthelocalpeople.91.Theyrequestedthat___________________(我借的书还回图书馆)bynextFriday.482010年12月英语四级真题答案解析【作文范文】范文1:TodayinChina,manyfamilieshaveonlyonechild.Sothechildrenusuallydoteduponbyallfamilymembers.Graduallysomeofthemgetusedtodependingontheirparentsandfamilymembers,asaresulttheylacktheabilitytofacetheirlivesbythemselves.Therearesomewaystohelpchildrentobeindependent.First,thechildshouldhaveachancetoseetheworldaroundhimindividuallytounderstandthattherearevariouspeopleandcompetitionsintheirlives,andlearntofindhisrightpositioninthesocietyonlybyindividualefforts.Second,itisimpossibletoaskachildnottodependonparentsatonce.Theparentsmaygivethechildenoughhelpandspacetomakehimfeelcomfortable.Achildneedshelpfromtheirfamilies.Becausewithoutanyhelp,thechildmaylosehisfaith.Thirdly,parentscanhelptheirchildrenmaketheirowndecisions,whichcanchallengehisabilitytodealwithproblems.Achildshouldbepraisedwhenheissuccessfulorencouragedwhenhefails.Tobeindependentisvitalforthechildren,becausenoparentscangowiththeirchildrenforthewholelife.Onlyanindependentpersoncanliveandenjoyafullandmeaningfullife.范文2：Nowadays,moreandmoreparentsindulgetheirchildrentoomuch,showingtoomuchlovetothem.Theparentsgetusedtomakeanarrangementofeverythingfortheirchildren.Asresult,manyadultchildrenwillnotdealwiththingsbythemselvesbutdependontheirparentsstrongly.Howshouldparentshelpchildrentobeindependent?Ontheonehand,parentsshouldtrytotellthechildrentheimportanceofindependenceatanearlyage.Ifthechildrenhavenoawarenessearly,howcanweexpectthemtoachieveindependencelater.Ontheotherhand,letthechildrenalwayshaveatrybythemselvesbeforeaskingforhelp.Letthemknowthatindependentthinkingisanabsolutenecessityintheirlife.Helpingchildrentowardsindependencewillalwaysbeourbusinesses.【快速阅读】（1）选A:Peopleinstinltivelyseeknatureindifferent49ways.解析：问题是作者的profoundbelief，第一段的最后一句给出了答案，whetherweknowwearedoingsoornot（不管我们知道与否）相当于句中的instinctively（本能地）.（2）选D:Thingsthatarepurchased.解析：文中第二段最后一句给出了答案，“oddnewperceptionsaboutwhatisbestforchildren,thatistosay,thingsthatcanbebought”，奇怪的新观念，什么对孩子最好，能买到的东西。（3）选B:Moreaccesstothenaturemakeschildrenlesslikelytofallill.解析：瑞典研究出现在文中的第四段第一句，在自然环境中玩耍的幼儿园小朋友比在运动场玩耍的小朋友少患病，身体也更健康。很明显，B选项最符合语意。（4）选D:arelesslikelytobeinvolvedinbullying解析：此题对应的是第六段的第一句，theleastbullyingisinanaturalareathatthechildrenareencouragedtoexplore，恃强凌弱的现象在孩子们感兴趣去发现的自然环境中很少发生。因此，D选项是正确答案。（5）选B:Providemoregreenspacesforthem.解析：第8段最后两句，众多研究表明，与自然接触对患有多动症的孩子最有益。虽然如此，我们还是把钱花在了药物上，而非绿化环境。因此B选项，提供更多的绿化面积，是正确答案。（6）选B:Theyenjoyalifeofbetterquality.解析：第九段第一句：Thelifeofoldpeopleismeasurablybetterwhentheyhaveaccesstonature.如果老年人有接触大自然的机会，生活状况会明显改善不少。第二句点出老龄人口增长的侧重点是在高质量的生活水平上，紧接着又指出绿色的生活方式是达到这种高质量生活水平的最重要因素。（7）选C:accesstonaturecontributestothereductionofviolence解析：第11段第二句话给出了答案，自然环境能减少暴力行为，因为其恢复过程有助于减少愤怒和冲动。因此，正确的答案应该是C。（8）separated50解析：对应到文中第12段，humanityandthenaturalworldareseparablethings，得到答案separated。照抄separable是不正确的。（9）thewildword解析：最后一段第二句：Withoutthewildworldwearenotmorebutlesscivilized.照抄过来就行。（10）harmony解析：这道题考察的是最后几段的小标题，Fivewaystofindharmonywiththenaturalworld。因此harmony是正确答案。【听力原文】SectionA短对话(11~18)11.M:Ohmygod!Theheatissimplyunbearablehere.Iwishwe’vegonetothebeachinstead.W:Well,withthemuseumsandrestaurantsinWashingtonI’llbehappyherenomatterwhatthetemperature.Q：Whatdoesthewomanmean?12.M:How’sthenewjobgoing?W:Well,I’mlearningalotofnewthings,butIwishthedirectorwouldgivemesomefeedback.Q：Whatdoesthewomanwanttoknow?13.M:CanyouhelpmeworkoutaphysicaltrainingprogramJohn?W:Sure,butwhateveryoudobecarefulnottooverdoit.LasttimeIhadtwoweeks’worthofweight-liftinginthreedaysandIhurtmyself.Q:Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?14.M:IhaveanelderlymotherandI’mworriedabouthergoingonaplane.Isthereanyrisk?W:Notifherheartisallright.Ifshehasaheartcondition,I’drecommendagainstit.Q:Whatdoesthemanwanttoknowabouthismother?5115.M:Whydidn’tyoustopwhenwefirstsignaledyouatthecrossroads?W:Sorry,Iwasjustabitabsent-minded.Anyway,doIhavetopayafine?Q:whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?16.M:I’mnoexpert,butthatnoiseinyourrefrigeratordoesn’tsoundright.Maybeyoushouldhaveitfixed.W:You’reright.AndIsupposeI’veputitofflongenough.Q:Whatwillthewomanprobablydo?17.M:Ididextremelywellonthesaleofmydowntownapartment.Now,IhaveenoughmoneytobuythatpieceoflandI’vehadmyeyeonandbuildahouseonit.W:Congratulations！Doesthatmeanyou’llbemovingsoon?Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthemanfromtheconversation?18.W:Myhandstillhurtsfromthefallontheiceyesterday.IwonderifIbrokesomething.M:I’mnodoctor,butit’snotblackandblueoranything.Maybeyoujustneedtorestitforafewdays.Q:whatdowelearnaboutthewomanfromtheconversation?长对话（19~21）M:Mrs.Dawson,thanksverymuchforcomingdowntothestation.IjustliketogooversomeofthethingsthatyoutoldpoliceofficerParmeratthebank.W:Allright.M:Well,couldyoudescribethemanwhorobbedthebankforthisreportthatwe’refillingouthere?Now,anythingatallthatyoucanrememberwouldbeextremelyhelpfultous.W:Well,just,IcanonlyrememberbasicallywhatIsaidbefore.M:That’sallright.W:Themanwastall,sixfoot,andhehaddarkhair,andhehadmoustache.M:Verygood.Allright,didhehaveanyotherdistinguishingmarks?W:Um,no,nonethatIcanremember.M:Doyourememberhowoldhewasbyanychance?W:Well,Iguessaround30,maybeyounger,giveortakea52fewyears.M:Mm,allright.Doyourememberanythingaboutwhathewaswearing?W:Yes,yes,hehadonadarksweater,asolidcolor.M:OK.Um,anythingelsethatstrikesyouatthemoment?W:Irememberhewaswearingalightshirtunderthesweater.Yes,yes.M:Allright.Mrs.Dawson,Ireallyappreciatewhatyou’vebeenthroughtoday.I’mjustgoingtoaskyoutolookatsomephotographsbeforeyouleaveifyoudon’tmind.Itwon’ttakeverylong.Canyoudothatforme?W:Oh,ofcourse.M:Wouldyouliketostepthiswaywithme,please?W:OK,sure.M:Thankyou.Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.Whatdowelearnaboutthewoman?20.Whatdidthesuspectlooklike?21.Whatdidthemanfinallyaskedthewomantodo?长对话（22~25）W:Goodmorning,I’mcallingaboutthejobthatwasinthepaperlastnight.M:Well,couldyoutellmeyourname?W:CandiderForsett.M:Ohyes.Whatexactlyisitthatinterestsyouaboutthejob?W:Well,Ithoughtitwasjustrightforme.M:Really?Um…Couldyoutellmealittleaboutyourself?W:Yes.I’m23.I’vebeenworkingabroad.M:Whereexactlyhaveyoubeenworking?W:InGeneva.M:Oh,Geneva.Andwhatwereyoudoingthere?W:Secretarialwork.Previoustothat,Iwasatuniversity.M:Whichuniversitywasthat?W:TheUniversityofManchester.I’vegotadegreeinEnglish.M:Yousaidyou’vebeenworkinginGeneva.Doyouhaveanyspecialreasonforwantingtocomeback?W:Ithoughtitwouldbenicetobeneartothefamily.M:Isee,andhowdoyouseeyourselfdevelopinginthisjob?W:Well,I’mambitious.Idohopethatmycareerasa53secretarywillleadmeeventuallyintomanagement.M:Isee.Youhaveforeignlanguages?W:FrenchandItalian.M:Well,Ithinkthebestthingforyoutodoisdoreplyawritingtotheadvertisement.W:Can’tIarrangeforaninterviewnow?M:Well,I’mafraidwemustwaituntilalltheapplicationsarein,inwriting,andwe’llthendecideontheshortlist.Ifyouareontheshortlist,ofcourseweshouldseeyou.W:Oh,Isee.M:Ilookforwardtoreceivingyourapplicationinwritinginadayortwo.W:Oh,yes,yes,certainly.M:Ok,thankyouverymuch.Goodbye.W:Thankyou.Goodbye.Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.22.Howdidthewomangettoknowaboutthejobvacancy?23.Whydidthewomanfindthejobappealing?24.WhathadthewomanbeendoinginGeneva?25.Whatwasthewomanaskedtodointheend?SectionBPassageOneOneofthegreatestheartbreaksforfirefightersoccurswhentheyfailtorescueachildfromaburningbuildingbecausethechild,frightenedbysmokeandnoise,hidesunderabedorinaclosetandislaterfounddead.Saddestofalliswhenchildrencatchaglimpseofthemaskedfirefighterbuthidebecausetheythinktheyhaveseenamonster.Topreventsuchtragedies,firefighterEricVelezgivestalkstochildreninhiscommunity,explainingthattheyshouldneverhideduringafire.Hedisplaysfirefighters’equipment,includingtheoxygenmask,whichheencourageshislistenerstoplaywithandputon.“Ifyouseeus,”Veleztellsthem,“don’thide!Wearenotmonsters.Wehavecometorescueyou.”VelezgiveshispresentationsinEnglishandSpanish.GrowingupinSanFrancisco,helearntSpanishfromhisimmigrantparents.VelezandotherfirefightersthroughoutNorthAmerica,whogivesimilarpresentations,willneverknowhowmanylivestheysavethroughtheirtalks.Butit’safactthatinformativespeakingsaveslives.Forexample,severalmonthsafterlisteningtoaninformativespeech,Pete54GentryinNorthCarolinarescuedhisbrotherwhoischokingonfood,byusingthemethodtaughtbystudentspeaker,JulieParis.Inadditiontosavinglives,informativespeakershelppeoplelearnnewskills,solveproblemsandacquirefascinatingfactsabouttheexcitingworldinwhichtheylive.26Whydosomechildrentrappedinaburningbuildinghidefrommaskedfirefighters?27WhatdoesthepassagetellusaboutfirefighterEricVelez?28WhatdowelearnaboutPeteGentry?29Whatmessageisthespeakertryingtoconvey?PassageTwoSomepeoplewanttomakeandsavealotofmoneyinordertoretireearly.Iseepeoplepursuinghigherpayingandincreasinglydemandingcareerstoaccomplishthisgoal.Theymakemanypersonalsacrificesinexchangeforincometoday.Theproblemisthattomorrowmightnotcome.Evenifitallgoesaccordingtoplan,willyouknowhowtobehappywhenyouarenotworkingifyouspendyourentirelifemakingmoney?Moreimportantly,whowillbearoundforyoutoshareyourleisuretimewith?Attheotherextremearepeoplewholiveonlyfortoday.WhybothersavingwhenImightnotbeheretomorrow,theyargue.Thedangerofthisapproachisthattomorrowmaycomeafterall.Andmostpeopledon\'twanttospendalltheirtomorrowsworkingforaliving.Theearlierneglectofsaving,however,makesitdifficultnottoworkwhenyouareolder.YoumaybesurprisetohearmesaythatifyoumustpickanextremeIthinkit\'sbettertopickthespend-allapproach.Aslongasyoudon\'tmindcontinuingtowork,assumingyourhealthallows,youshouldbeOK.Atleast,youaremakinguseofyourmoney,andhopefullyderivingvalueandpleasurefromit.Postponingdoingwhatyouloveandbeingwithpeopleyouloveuntilretirementcanbeamistake.Itmaynevercome.Retirementcanbeagreattimeforsomepeople.Forothers,itisatimeofboredom,lonelinessandpoorhealth.30Whydosomepeoplepursuehigherpayingbutdemandingcareers?31Whatisthedangerfacingpeoplewholiveonlyfor55today?32Whatdoesthespeakerseemtoadvocate?PassageThreeImaginethatsomeoneinyourneighborhoodbrokethelaw,andthejudgeputthewholeneighborhoodundersuspicion.Howfairwillthatbe?Well,ithappenseverydaytohighschoolers.Justbecausesomestudentshavestolenthingsinshops,allofusaretreatedlikethieves.EventhoughI’dneversteal.StoreemployeeslookedatmelikeI’msomekindofhardenedcriminal.Forexample,duringonelunchperiod,myfriendDennyandIwenttotheGrabenGoreRestauranttohaveahotdog.Wearrivedtofindalineofstudentswaitingoutside.Anewsigninthewindowtoldthestory.“Nomorethantwostudentsatatime”.After15minutes,wefinallygotin.Butthestoremangerlaidtheevileyeonus.Iaskedhimaboutthenewsign,andhesaid,“Youkidsarestealingtoomuchstuff.”Youkids?Toomuchstuff?Wewerenotonlyassumedtobethieves,butbrilliant,greedythieves.Themostannoyingthingthough,isthewayemployeeswatchedmyfriendsandme.It’shorrible.Once,atadrugstore,Iwaslookingaroundandfoundaguystandingonalargebox,stockingtheshelves.Hewaswatchingmyhands,morethanhewaswatchinghisown.Ishowedhimthatmyhandswereempty.Hegotdownoffhisboxandrushedoff,asifhewasgoingtogetthestoremanager.Howcrazyisthat!33.Whatdoesthespeakerfindtobeunfair?34.WhatmeasuredidtheGrabenGoreRestauranttaketostopstealing?35.Whathappenedinadrugstorethatgreatlyannoyedthespeaker?SectionCWritingkeepsusintouchwithotherpeople.Wewritetocommunicatewithrelativesandfriends.Wewritetopreserveourfamilyhistoriessoourchildrenandgrandchildrencanlearnandappreciatetheirheritage.WithcomputersandInternetconnectionsinsomanyhouseholds,colleges,andbusinesses,peoplearee-mailingfriendsand56relativesallthetime--ortalkingtotheminwritinginonlinechatrooms.Itischeaperthancallinglongdistance,andalotmoreconvenientthanwaitinguntilSundayforthetelephoneratestodrop.Studentsaree-mailingtheirprofessorstoreceiveanddiscusstheirclassroomassignmentsandtosubmitthem.Theyaree-mailingclassmatestodiscussandcollaborateonhomework.Theyarealsosharinginformationaboutconcertsandsportsevents,aswellasjokesandtheirphilosophiesoflife.Despitethegrowingimportanceofcomputers,however,therewillalwaysbeaplaceandneedforthepersonalletter.Ahand-writtennotetoafriendorafamilymemberisthebestwaytocommunicateimportantthoughts.Nomatterwhatthecontentofthemessage,itsrealpointis,"IwantyoutoknowthatIcareaboutyou."Thiswritingpracticebringsrewardsthatcan’tbeseeninbankaccounts,butonlyinthesuccessofhumanrelationships.【听力答案及解析】SectionA短对话（11~18）答案及解析：11.A)Themanshouldvisitthemuseums.B)Shecan’tstandthehotweather.C)Thebeachresortisagoodchoice.D)SheenjoysstayinginWashington.答案：D解析：Woman最后说到I’llbehappyherenomatterwhatthetemperature.这表明了她待在这里很愉快，很享受待在华盛顿，故选D。12.A)Hernewresponsibilitiesinthecompany.B)Whatherjobprospectsare.C)Whatthecustomers’feedbackis.D)Thedirector’sopinionofherwork.答案：D解析：Woman说到butIwishthedirectorwouldgivemesomefeedback.这表明了她希望得到director的意见（即反馈）故选D。13.A)Combinehertrainingwithdieting.B)Repeatthetrainingeverythreedays.C)Avoidexcessivephysicaltraining.D)Includeweightliftingintheprogram.答案：C解析：Man以自己上次因运动（举重）过量而受伤为例，建议女士应该量力而行，避免过量运动，故选C。14.A)Whenshewillreturnhome.B)Whethershecango57byherself.C)Whethershecantravelbyair.D)Whethershewillcompletelyrecover.答案：C解析：Man开头就说到I’mworriedabouthergoingonaplane.从中可知，他担心的是年老的母亲能不能乘飞机，故选C。15.A)Thewomanknowshowtodealwiththepolice.B)Thewomanhadbeenfinedmanytimesbefore.C)Thewomanhadviolatedtrafficregulations.D)Thewomanisgoodatfindingexcuses.答案：C解析：警察开头问到Whydidn’tyoustopwhenwefirstsignaledyouatthecrossroads?通过这句话就可以知道女士没有遵守交通规则，故选C。16.A)Switchofftherefrigeratorforawhile.B)Havesomeonerepairtherefrigerator.C)Askthemantofixtherefrigerator.D)Buyarefrigeratorofbetterquality.答案：B解析：Man说到Maybeyoushouldhaveitfixed，女士回答到You’reright.这说明女士也同意男士的看法，但并未提到让这个男士来修，故选B。17.A)Heownsapieceoflandinthedowntownarea.B)Hehasgotenoughmoneytobuyahouse.C)Hecanfinallydowhathehasdreamedof.D)Heismovingintoabiggerapartment.答案：C解析：Man第二句话说到Now,IhaveenoughmoneytobuythatpieceoflandI’vehadmyeyeonandbuildahouseonit.表明他能实现买地建房的理想了，故选C。18.A)Sheisblackandblueallover.B)Shehastogotoseeadoctor.C)Shestayedawayfromworkforafewdays.D)Shegothurtinanaccidentyesterday.答案：D解析：Woman说的第一句话是Myhandsstillhurtsfromthefallontheiceyesterday.从中可知这位女士昨天在冰上滑倒受伤了，但是男士认为伤势并不严重，只建议她休养几天就可以了，不必去看医生。C是较强的干扰项，应该是女士现在需要休息而不是过去已经休息了几天，故选D。对话精析：第一个短对话：谈论天气theheatisunbearable，强调有了华盛顿的museumsandrestaurants，天气再热也无所谓I’llbehappyherenomatterwhatthetemperature.学会看看生活中的积极因素，有了博物馆和餐馆，天气再热都热爱华盛顿，这是何等的乐天精神啊！58第二个短对话：谈论新工作，I’mlearningalotofnewthings,butIwishthedirectorwouldgivemesomefeedback.我学了很多新东西呢，但是我希望上司能给我点反馈！！！feedback是反馈也是答案的题眼。这位女士想知道什么呢，想知道上司对她的看法嘛！第三个短对话：关于锻炼身体的，还是关于制定锻炼身体的计划的！Canyouhelpmeworkoutaphysicaltrainingprogram,John?你能帮我制定个锻炼的项目吗？Sure,butwhateveryoudobecarefulnottooverdoit.当然啦，不过不管你做什么，得小心点别过头啊！接下来的句子是举例子LasttimeIhadtwoweeks’worthofweight-liftinginthreedaysandIhurtmyself.上次我三天就完成了两个星期的举重的训练，结果我就受伤了。问题是这个男人要建议这个女人什么？四六级考试委员会一片苦心啊，这里分明在告诫同学们，平时锻炼身体悠着点儿。第四个短对话：这个对话好！弘扬爱护老人的美德的！儿子说，我妈妈年纪大啦，Ihaveanelderlymother然后表达他对妈妈乘飞机的担心I’mworriedabouthergoingonaplane.Isthereanyrisk?有没有危险啊？接下来，医生的回答，再次体现四六级客观而乐观的精神，Notifherheartisallright.Ifshehasaheartcondition,I’drecommendagainstit.她心脏没问题就没事啊，如果她心脏有问题的话，那我就不建议她去（乘飞机啦）第五个短对话：交通违规怎么做？！四六级听力教你谦恭有礼做回答。首先，第一句的男士质问，Whydidn’tyoustopwhenwefirstsignaledyouatthecrossroads?我们第一次示意让你在交叉口停车，你干嘛不停呢?(潜台词是，瞧，还不是被我给逮回来训话了么？！在这种情况之下，这位女士态度是诚恳的，Sorry,Iwasjustabitabsent-minded.Anyway,doIhavetopayafine?对不起啊，我有点心不在焉。但不管怎么说，我需要罚款吗?人嘛，都是有时候情绪化的嘛，并且我认罚，这句子学会了顺便大家开车的素质都提高了哈！第六个短对话：家庭琐事。第一个人说，I’mnoexpert我不是专家butthatnoiseinyourrefrigeratordoesn’tsoundright.Maybeyoushouldhaveitfixed.但是你冰箱里面的噪音听起来不大对啊，也许你应该去修理了吧。haveitfixed这个结构是考官们发誓要考生学会的havesthdone的结构。第二个人开腔了，You’reright.对话基调钉牢，我同意你，就是冰箱确实坏了。AndIsupposeI’veputitofflongenough.我恐怕我已经拖得够久了，putoff,另一个考官立誓要教会全中国考生的内容，拖延，putoff,核心之核心。问题，这女的可能会怎么做呢？她学会了核心单词听懂了整个对话以后，一定会去修冰箱！！59并且，这里强调是找人修冰箱，haveitfixed而不是她自己修！shewillfixitherself.第七个短对话：买房问题。全国热议啊，考试考到的角度那是真叫一个艺术！我市区的公寓卖得不错！Ididextremelywellonthesaleofmydowntownapartment.也就是说卖了一个好价钱啦！Now,IhaveenoughmoneytobuythatpieceoflandI’vehadmyeyeonandbuildahouseonit.现在，我可有钱买一块我早就看中的地啦，我能建一所房子啦！偷偷感叹下，这说明了城乡的房价是多么滴有茶具啊！不过考官还是仁慈的，不考那么隐晦的，来个简单的，听到这句话的人呢说Congratulations！Doesthatmeanyou’llbemovingsoon?恭喜你啊，那这是不是说明你很快要搬家了啊？！问题问我们知道第一个陈述的那个男人什么情况？！简单，字面意思就够你用来解答了，卖公寓了有了钱买地建房子了！第八个短对话：还是运动，不过这里面涉及了一点点西方的固定搭配，blackandblue又黑又蓝，这实际上说的是咱中文里面的，身上摔得又青又紫。第一个人是在说她昨天在冰上摔了一跤，手到现在还疼呢，Myhandstillhurtsfromthefallontheiceyesterday.IwonderifIbrokesomething.我想知道我是不是摔坏哪儿了啊（Iwonderif这个句型好，走过路过不要错过，IwonderifIcouldgetmarriedwithSisterPhoenix我真想知道我能不能娶凤姐啊？！）下面这位男士的回答是，I’mnodoctor,butit’snotblackandblueoranything.Maybeyoujustneedtorestitforafewdays.我不是医生，但是如果没有什么又青又紫也没其他问题的话，也许你只是需要休息几天罢了。问题，此女发生了什么问题?答案，手摔了，焦虑，问了一男的，这男的很冷静，告诉她没啥事。长对话（19~25）答案及解析：19.Whatdowelearnaboutthewoman?答案：D)Shewasawitnesstothecrime.解析：文中男士需要女士描述一下抢劫银行的人（describethemanwhorobbedthebank）。选项中B提到了robbery，但是对话中没有说明女士是受害者（victim）；D选项提到了她目击了某个犯罪经过，robbery显然是crime的一种。20.Whatdidthesuspectlooklike?答案：A)Atallmanwithdarkhairandamoustache.解析：原文中提到Themanwastall,sixfoot,andhehaddarkhair,andhehadmoustache.，对应选项A。21.Whatdidthemanfinallyaskedthewomantodo?答案：A)Identifythesuspectfrompictures.解析：对话结尾处，男士要求女士lookatsomephotographs，很显然，他的目的是让女士通过照片来辨别嫌疑人。60因此选择A。22.Howdidthewomangettoknowaboutthejobvacancy?答案：A)Byreadinganewspaperad.解析：jobvacancy指空缺的职位。在对话一开始，女士就说到她的目的：I’mcallingaboutthejobthatwasinthepaperlastnight.从这句话中可以看出她得知职位信息的来源是thepaperlastnight，对应A选项。23.Whydidthewomanfindthejobappealing?答案：B)Shecouldworkclosetoherfamily.解析：本题关键词是appealing，意为引起兴趣的。女士提到她喜欢这份工作的原因是beneartothefamily.，close是near的同义替换词，因此选择B选项。24.WhathadthewomanbeendoinginGeneva?答案：C)Workingasasecretary.解析：女士提到她在日内瓦做了一些secretarialwork，也就是选项C中的secretary。虽然她也提到之前在大学学习，但是她取得的学位是adegreeinEnglish，而非选项D中的adegreeinFrench.25.Whatwasthewomanaskedtodointheend?答案：C)Sendinawrittenapplicationassoonaspossible.解析：对话中女士希望得到面试机会，但是男士要求先要递交书面申请（replyawritingtotheadvertisement），并不是所有人都能得到面试机会，因此选择答案C。题材考点分析：长对话第二篇围绕女士求职面试展开，男士问了很多关于女士个人信息的问题，女士做出回答。做题时需要考生把握住对话大意、抓住细节信息以及两人的态度。对话中的考点主要集中在细节、重点一些词组含义，以及同意词组替换。对话中关键信息包括：beenworkinginGeneva,secretarialwork,degreeinEnglish,beneartothefamily,applicationsinwriting等。考题也正是针对这些关键信息出的，在听的时候考察考生对于细节的把握，尤其是叙述相同类型的事情时，更需要记下其中的区别，从而在做题时能够准确的选出选项。如对话中提到女士会French和English，区别是会说French，拿到了degreeinEnglish.其中有几题考察同义词组替换。比如23题中用close替换了near，24题中用secretary替换了secretarialwork。选项中频频出现同义词组替换，由此可见考生平时应该注意积累同一个意思不同的表达法。另外，从说话的语气和表达情绪的词，也可以听出说话人的态度。比如女士在问到能否安排面试时，男士的回答“Well,I’mafraid…”由此看出男士否定了女士的想法。因此在做题中，很容易地排除了安排面试的选项。总体来说，这篇听力难度中等，关键是要抓住细节。SectionBPassageOne61听力文章分析：本文难度不大，生词和难词不是很多，关键是整体上的及关键句的理解。先是消防队员在营救火灾中时常遇到小孩对消防队员的设备不熟悉，以为是带着面具的怪兽（monster），从而躲起来，无法得到及时营救而丧失的现象入手，引出EricVelez为了防止此类现象再次发生，在社区里开始对孩子消防知识的教育。再举例进一步说明教育性质的演讲在拯救生命的巨大作用。最后再简略地说下此类演讲的其他作用。做题要点：（1）抓关键句。一般篇章类听力，篇幅较长，听的时候一定要学会准确提取有用的信息，如原因目的、结果、数字、开头和结尾部分等。“becausetheythinktheyhaveseenamonster”“Topreventsuchtragedies,firefighterEricVelezgivestalkstochildreninhiscommunity,explainingthattheyshouldneverhideduringafire.”“Butit’safactthatinformativespeakingsaveslives.”“PeteGentryinNorthCarolinarescuedhisbrotherwhoischokingonfood,”“Inadditiontosavinglives,”这几句就包括了所有题目的答案，只要抓住这几句并理解了其意，题目就不难做出。（2）抓住细节，但无需执着于细节。本文的题目每题都设置了很多细节干扰项。如果太过执着于细节如frightenedbysmokeandnoise；EricVelezlearntSpanishfromhisimmigrantparents就会使得做题时容易被细节分心，从而无法立即准确地判断和加以选择。重点词汇：firefighters消防队员monster怪兽、怪物heartbreaks伤心事catchaglimpseof瞥见masked戴面具的oxygenmask氧气面罩informative教育性的，有益的答案及解析：26.D)Theymistakethefirefightersformonsters.解析：细节题，从开始whenchildrencatchaglimpseofthemaskedfirefighterbuthidebecausetheythinktheyhaveseenamonster一句中便可得出因为不熟悉消防人员戴面具的形象，孩子们以为来救援的消防人员是怪兽，所以躲起来。所以选D。其他选项文中都没有涉及到。27.B)Heoftenteacheschildrenwhattododuringafire.解析：本篇文章大篇幅讲的是EricVelez给社区里的孩子讲解消防知识，让他们熟悉消防人员及消防工具的过程。选项A，putoutfire虽然是EricVelez的工作，但是本文重点不是在其消防员救活这个工作上，C、D选项很容易就可以排除。所以选B。28.A)Hesavedthelifeofhisbrotherchokingonfood.解析：细节题，从PeteGentryinNorthCarolinarescuedhisbrotherwhoischokingonfood一句便可得出答案，文章中关于PeteGentry的主要信息就是他救了噎着食物的弟弟。所以选62A。做题时一定要把人名及其所做的事准确对应起来。29.D)Informativespeechescansavelives.解析：主旨题，本文举了一个大例子，一下小例子来证明教育性的演说有救人性命的好处。虽然在文章最后也列举了下其他好处，但是主旨还是拯救生命。所以选D。其他几个选项都主要讲细节处，很容易就可以排除。PassageTwo听力文章分析：本篇听力讲述的是截然不同的两种生活态度，一种是“makeandsavealotofmoneyinordertoretireearly”，另一种则是“liveonlyfortoday”，作者在陈述两种不同态度之后，针对两种态度给出了自己的看法“it\'sbettertopickthespend-allapproach”。本篇听力不是太难，没有较难的词汇，虽然有几个需要注意的句式，如：“Attheotherextremearepeoplewholiveonlyfortoday.Whybothersaving…”等，但是通过上下文也是不难理解的，而且结构也比较清楚，基本上可以分为三部分：两种不同的态度和作者的观点，所考察的三道题也上针对了这三个主要的点。由此可见，听听力的时候依然首先要从全文来把握，把握文章的要点，在把握要点的基础上，有重点的去听一些细节，如与要点相关的原因和后果，以及作者本人对这些事情的看法，遇到与此相关的信号词或者关键词时就一定要注意重点记忆。答案及解析：30.C)Tomakemoneyforearlyretirement.解析：本题考察原因，问为什么人们喜欢比较苛求但收入较高的工作，其实听力一开始就用inorderto给出了原因，即：retireearly，所以选C项。31.A)Theymayhavetocontinuetoworkinoldage.解析：本题考察后果，问只为当下而活的人面临着什么危险，从“Theearlierneglectofsaving,however,makesitdifficultnottoworkwhenyouareolder.”中可以看出A是正确选项，及在年老时有可能不得不继续工作。32.B)Enjoyingyourselfwhileyoucan.解析：本课考察文章作者的态度，从“Postponingdoingwhatyouloveandbeingwithpeopleyouloveuntilretirementcanbeamistake.”中可以看出，作者认为想等到退休后再做自己想做的事情以及和自己喜欢的人在一起可能是一种错误，所以选B，即趁着自己还可以的时候要懂得享受生活。PassageThree听力文章分析：此篇短文听力难度适中。叙述者，即文中的speaker，通过记叙自己的境遇表达个人观点。三个自然段分别对应文章后的三道题，结构清晰明了，题目答案导向明确。第一段通过开篇点题引出本文话题，“以偏概全”着实有失公平；第二段记叙一个发生在GrabenGore饭店的故事，关键句：Anewsigninthewindowtoldthestory.“Nomorethantwostudentsatatime”；第三段同样是记叙一个发生在药店的故事，故事情节较为简单。63此三题听时关键在于抓关键句子，个别人名等不需做过多关注。答案及解析：33.C)Innocentpeoplebeingsuspectedgroundlessly。文章第一段中，由”Howfairwillthatbe”的前一句和后一句均可推出此答案。前一句即“一个邻居犯了法，所有的邻居们都成了怀疑对象”。后一句即“因为有些学生小偷小摸，所有的学生就都被当成小偷来看待……”，二者表明一个意思，即“无辜者被毫无理由的怀疑属实不公平”。34.D)Allowingonlytwostudentstoenteratatime。第一个小故事中的一个关键句后面紧跟答案。该关键句为，”Anewsigninthewindowtoldthestory.”而这个sign的内容就是紧随其后的“Nomorethantwostudentsatatime”.35.B)Hewascloselywatched.此题需要自己稍作总结，最后一个小故事说到文中的“我”去药店，却一直被盯着；此事让“我”很是不满。SectionC36.preserve37.appreciate38.households39.chat40.convenient41.rates42.receive43.submit44.Theyarealsosharinginformationaboutconcertsandsportsevents,aswellasjokesandtheirphilosophiesoflife.45.Ahand-writtennotetoafriendorafamilymemberisthebestwaytocommunicateimportantthoughts.46.Thiswritingpracticebringsrewardsthatcan’tbeseeninbankaccounts【仔细阅读】SECTIONA47.M)raised48.L)psychological49.E)contributions50.A)abilities51.B)achieve52.N)smart53.I)extent54.J)indicates55.G)essentially56.H)eventually64SECTIONBPASSAGE157.By“aone-waystreet”(Line1,Para1),theauthormeans_______.A)universityresearchersknowlittleaboutthecommercialworld.B)thereislittleexchangebetweenindustryandacademia.C)fewindustrialscientistswouldquittoworkinauniversity.D)fewuniversityprofessorsarewillingtodoindustrialresearch.58.Theword“deterrent”(Line3,Para1)mostprobablyreferstosomethingthat_______.A)keepssomeonefromtakingaction.B)helpstomovethetraffic.C)attractspeople’sattention.D)bringssomeoneafinancialburden.59.WhatwasHelenLee’smajorconsiderationwhenshechangedherjobinthemiddleofhercareer?A)Flexibleworkhours.B)Herresearchinterests.C)Herpreferenceforthelifestyleoncampus.D)Prospectsofacademicaccomplishments.60.GuyGrantchosetoworkasaresearcheratCambridgeinorderto_______.A)dofinanciallymorerewardingwork.B)raisehisstatusintheacademicworld.C)enrichhisexperienceinmedicalresearch.D)exploitbetterintellectualopportunities.61.Whatcontributioncanindustrialscientistsmakewhentheycometoteachinauniversity?A)Increaseitsgraduates’competitivenessinthejobmarket.B)Developitsstudents’potentialinresearch.C)Helpittoobtainfinancialsupportfromindustry.D)Gearitsresearchtowardspracticalapplications.文章关于学术界和商界之间的一些关系。很少有商界人士愿意改行做纯学术研究，但是也有例外的。这些人对高校学生的就业意义比较大。57题，问单行道的意思是什么。文章第一段就说“Itisprettymuchaone-waystreet.Whileitmaybecommonforuniversityresearcherstotrytheirluckinthecommercialworld,65thereisverylittletrafficintheoppositedirection.”高校研究者到商界去碰运气可能很常见，但是相反的方向却人很少。也就是说很少有商界的人愿意回归学校做纯学术研究。所以选C，很少有工业科学家愿意放弃去一个高校工作。industrialscientists在文中指的就是商界人士。58题，问deterrent这个词的意思。这题有一定迷惑性，要根据上下文来判断。上文说的是很少有商界的人愿意回高校的。原因就在于薪酬（pay),后面接着具体解释：没人能接受换个高校的工作后工资下降。所以deterrent这个词是表明原因的，要么是A选项阻碍因素要么是C选项促进因素。而从上下文看薪酬是阻碍商界人士去高校工作的，也就是阻碍因素，所以选A。另外，如果知道deterrent这个词的意思话可以迅速作答：威慑因素。59题，问HelenLee在职业生涯中期换工作的首要考虑是什么。第二段是这么说的：Hermainreasonforreturningtoacademiamid-careerwastotakeadvantageofthegreaterfreedomtochooseresearchquestions。利用更大的自由来选择研究的问题。也就是说之前不在academia的时候，没有那么多的选择空间：什么赚钱做什么，现在可以自己根据自己的喜好来choose了。所以选B。60题，问GuyGrant问什么选择做剑桥研究者。第三段的最后一句话是这么说的：Hetooka30%salarycutbutfeltitworthwhileforthegreaterintellectualopportunities.所以这题选D。61题，问当工业科学家去高校教书时能做什么样的贡献。答案在最后一段：Theyarealsowellplacedtobringsomethingextratotheteachingsideofanacademicrolethatwillhelpstudentsgetajobwhentheygraduate。他们给学术角色的教书面带来了一些额外的东西，这些东西在学生毕业时可以帮助他们找工作。所以选A：提高毕业生在就业市场上的竞争力。PASSAGE262.WillianFarr\'sstudyandotherstudiesshowthat.A)sociallifeprovidesaneffectivecureforillnessB)beingsociablehelpsimproveone\'squalityoflifeC)womenbenefitmorethanmenfrommarriageD)marriagecontributesagreatdealtolongevity选择D项。66根据题目中的关键词WillianFarr找到对应的出题段落——文章第一段。根据文章第一段中thebiggestlongevity(长寿)boostseemstocomefrommarriage…直接可以得知D项正确。A项“交际活动能有效治疗疾病”和B项“好交际能提高一个人的生活质量”在文中找不到依据，文章的重点是讲述交际活动（主要是夫妻间）对于寿命的积极作用；由文中marriagecouldaddasmuchassevenyearstoaman\'slifeandtwotoawoman\'s可知C项错误。63.LindaWaite\'sstudiessupporttheideathat.A)oldermenshouldquitsmokingtostayhealthyB)marriagecanhelpmakeforillhealthC)themarriedarehappierthantheunmarriedD)unmarriedpeoplearelikelytosufferinlaterlife选择B项。由关键词LindaWaite锁定本题的出题源应该在第二段。由第二段中的两个例子：一是患有心脏疾病的已婚老人要比没有相关疾病的未婚老人寿命长约4年；二是一个每天要抽一包多香烟的已婚老人和一个从不吸烟的离过婚的老人寿命几乎一样长。可以推断出B项“婚姻有助于人的身体健康。”A项“为了身体健康老人应戒烟”并不是LindaWaite的研究发现；C、D两项在文中找不到依据。64.Itcanbeinferredfromthecontextthatthe"flipside"(Line5,Para.2)refersto.A)thedisadvantagesofbeingmarriedB)theemotionalproblemsarisingfrommarriageC)theresponsibilityoftakingcareofone\'sfamilyD)theconsequenceofabrokenmarriage选择A项。由问题中的关键词flipside找到此题的出题源——文章第二段。flipside的字面意思是“反面，对立面”，第二段短语flipside前面讲了两个例子来说明婚姻对老年人身体健康的积极意义（见63题解析），后面用however一转，又给了两个研究发现：一、夫妻双67方当其中一个去世了，另一个在随后的几年内很可能生病或是离世；二、一人在照顾其换有精神错乱疾病的配偶时可能后来也患有相同的疾病。这两个发现显然都是夫妻生活的负面影响，因此选择A项。65.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsocialnetworks?A)Theyhaveeffectssimilartothoseofamarriage.B)Theyhelpdeveloppeople\'scommunityspirit.C)Theyprovidetimelysupportforthoseinneed.D)Theyhelprelievepeopleoftheirlife\'sburdens.选择A项。由问题中的关键词socialnetworks找到出题源——文章第二段最后一句。由allkindsofsocialnetworkshavesimilareffects可推断选择A项。很显然这里的similareffects指的是marriage’seffects。文章的第三段提到了社交网络对一个人的种种益处，但并未谈及B、C、D三项所陈述的内容。66.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A)It\'simportantthatwedevelopasocialnetworkwhenyoung.B)Tostayhealthy,oneshouldhaveapropersocialnetwork.C)Gettingadivorcemeansriskingareducedlifespan.D)Weshouldshareoursocialnetworkswitheachother.选择B项。题目问的是“由最后一段能推断出什么？”最后一段主要讲的是“要想寿命长就要建立社交网络”。有意思的是Christakis的这句话"Peopleareinterconnected,sotheirhealthisinterconnected."（人类是相互联系的群体，他们的健康也是如此）仔细品味它的弦外之音，假如你的朋友个个身体欠佳，那么你身体也不会好到哪里去。由此可推断出本题选B项。【完型填空】67.Dcameout表示出版，公布，这里表示报告的公布。6868.Cless根据上下文可知这里说的是都市人口的增长，强调之前的少和现在的多，所以用少于更合适。lessthan：少于，不到。69.Dby在这里表示截止到某时间为止。70.Aalmost几乎，将近，对前面的解释，说明人口有多少。71.Bdeveloped根据上下文意思，以及后文相对的developingworld可知应该是发达国家，即：developedcountries。72.Cgrowth仔细阅读的话可以发现下文就有答案，这里讲的是都市人口的增长，所以用growth。73.Bleadleadto表示导致，通向，本段末也有出现过，在这里是说都市化有助于社会和经济的进步。74.Apressure从下文的描述可以看出过快的都市化也给城市带来了巨大压力，所以选pressure。75.Bservices服务，城市为人们提供住房和服务。76.Binto介词选择，moveinto移入，迁入；固定搭配。77.Cdriven表示推动，驱动，drivenby由…驱动，由什么原因引起的。78.Cwealth财富；socialdivisionanddifferencesinwealth社会分化和财富上的差距。79.Cunless除非，这里说的是除非城市规划更好，否则各部分财富分配不均的局面将可能导致犯罪问题。80.Dexpand指扩张，expandintoruralareas扩张到农村地区。81.Catatamuchfasterrate以更快的速度，固定搭配82.Ccommon表示某事件很普遍，平常。从下文的acrossAmerica可知这种情况很普遍很常见。83.Amajormajorcities，大城市，与后文中的smallercities形成对比84.Dtrend趋势，这里是对前面情况的概括，atrendtowardde-urbanization表示一种逆城市化的发展趋势。85.Cbut表示转折，说城市还是有自身优点的，与前面的“逆城市化”形成转折关系。6986.Bpossibilities可能性，这里表示城市依然能够提供农村所不能提供的机会和可能性。整篇解析：这篇完型填空取材自2009年10月9日的VOASpecialEnglish节目，谈论的是城市发展的问题。（点击查看VOA原文>>）从抓主旨的角度来说，这样一篇小小200词的文章，纵览了世界城市发展史，又横览了城市化带来的种种问题，里面的核心论点之间逻辑关联紧密，考生如果没有任何背景知识和推理能力，解题会遇到一定的困难。比如说第二个空格，很多考生在more和less之中犹豫不决，在没有具体背景信息的情况之下，就需要依据上下文的文脉进行推理。既然强调的是城市化的迅速发展，从5%到几乎70%，这个5%前面究竟填入超过还是不到。从作者的叙述语气一致可以推知，他必定在感叹这个变化的巨大，因此前文应该是不到5%。对于into/at这样一些介词小词的考查历来都是完型填空的重点，moveintocities/atafasterrate，这都是比较容易选择的基础搭配。【翻译】87.Toensurethathecanattendthemeeting88.issaidtohavebeenbuilt89.withoutthedistinctenvironmentoftheearth90.Whatimpressedthetouristsmost91.Ireturnthebooktothelibrary2010年6月英语四级考试真题PartIWriting(30minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofDueAttentionShouldBeGivenToSpelling.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1.如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写2.出现这种情况的原因3.为了改变这种状况，我认为…DueAttentionShouldBeGivenToSpelling_______________________________________________________________________________PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionson70AnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.CaughtintheWebAfewmonthsago,itwasn\'tunusualfor47-year-oldCarlaToebetospend15hoursperdayonline.She\'dwakeupearly,turnonherlaptopandchatonInternetdatingsitesandinstant-messagingprograms–leavingherbedforonlybriefintervals.Herhouseholdbillspiledup,alongwiththedishesanddirtylaundry,butittooknear-constantcomplaintsfromherfourdaughtersbeforesherealizedshehadaproblem."Iwasstartingtofeellikemywholeworldwasfallingapart–kindofslippingintoadepression,"saidCarla."IknewthatifIdidn\'tgetoffthedatingsites,I\'djustkeepgoing,"detaching(使脱离)herselffurtherfromtheoutsideworld.Toebe\'sconclusion:Shefeltlikeshewas"addicted"totheInternet.She\'snotalone.ConcernaboutexcessiveInternetuseisn\'tnew.Asfarbackas1995,articlesinmedicaljournalsandtheestablishmentofaPennsylvaniatreatmentcenterforoverusersgeneratedinterestinthesubject.There\'sstillnoconsensusonhowmuchtimeonlineconstitutestoomuchorwhetheraddictionispossible.ButasrelianceontheWebgrows,therearesignsthatthequestionisgettingmoreseriousattention:Lastmonth,astudypublishedinCNSSpectrumsclaimedtobethefirstlarge-scalelookatexcessiveInternetuse.TheAmericanPsychiatricAssociationmayconsiderlistingInternetaddictioninthenexteditionofitsdiagnosticmanual.AndscoresofonlinediscussionboardshavepoppeduponwhichpeoplediscussnegativeexperiencestiedtotoomuchtimeontheWeb."There\'snoquestionthatthere\'repeoplewho\'reseriouslyintroublebecausethey\'reoverdoingtheirInternetinvolvement,"saidpsychiatrist(精神科医生)IvanGoldberg.Goldbergcallstheproblemadisorderratherthanatrueaddiction.JonathanBishop,aresearcherinWalesspecializinginonlinecommunities,ismoreskeptical."TheInternetisanenvironment,"hesaid."Youcan\'tbeaddictedtotheenvironment."Bishopdescribestheproblemassimplyamatterofpriorities,whichcanbesolvedbyencouragingpeopletoprioritizeotherlifegoalsandplansinplaceoftimespentonline.ThenewCNSSpectrumsstudywasbasedonresultsofa71nationwidetelephonesurveyofmorethan2,500adults.Likethe2005survey,thisonewasconductedbyStanfordUniversityresearchers.About6%ofrespondentsreportedthat"theirrelationshipssufferedbecauseofexcessiveInternetuse."About9%attemptedtoconceal"nonessentialInternetuse,"andnearly4%reportedfeeling"preoccupiedbytheInternetwhenoffline."About8%saidtheyusedtheInternetasawaytoescapeproblems,andalmost14%reportedthey"foundithardtostayawayfromtheInternetforseveraldaysatatime.""TheInternetproblemisstillinitsinfancy,"saidEliasAboujaoude,aStanfordprofessor.Nosingleonlineactivityistoblameforexcessiveuse,hesaid."They\'reonlineinchatrooms,checkinge-mail,orwritingblogs.[Theproblemis]notlimitedtoporn(色情)orgambling"websites.ExcessiveInternetuseshouldbedefinednotbythenumberofhoursspentonlinebut"intermsoflosses,"saidMaressaOrzack,aHarvardUniversityprofessor."Ifit\'saloss[where]you\'renotgettingtowork,andfamilyrelationshipsarebreakingdownasaresult,thenit\'stoomuch."Sincetheearly1990s,severalclinicshavebeenestablishedintheU.S.totreatheavyInternetusers.TheyincludetheCenterforInternetAddictionRecoveryandtheCenterforInternetBehavior.ThewebsiteforOrzack\'scenterliststhefollowingamongthepsychologicalsymptomsofcomputeraddiction:●Havingasenseofwell-being(幸福)orexcitementwhileatthecomputer.●Longingformoreandmoretimeatthecomputer.●Neglectoffamilyandfriends.●Feelingempty,depressedorirritablewhennotatthecomputer.●Lyingtoemployersandfamilyaboutactivities.●Inabilitytostoptheactivity.●Problemswithschoolorjob.Physicalsymptomslistedincludedryeyes,backaches,skippingmeals,poorpersonalhygiene(卫生)andsleepdisturbances.PeoplewhostrugglewithexcessiveInternetusemaybedepressedorhaveothermooddisorders,Orzacksaid.WhenshediscussesInternethabitswithherpatients,theyoftenreportthatbeingonlineoffersa"senseofbelonging,andescape,excitement[and]fun,"shesaid."Somepeoplesayrelief…becausetheyfindthemselvessorelaxed."SomepartsoftheInternetseemtodrawpeopleinmorethanothers.Internetgamersspendcountlesshours72competingingamesagainstpeoplefromallovertheworld.Onesuchgame,calledWorldofWarcraft,iscitedonmanysitesbyposterscomplainingofa"gamingaddiction."AndrewHeidrich,aneducationnetworkadministratorfromSacramento,playsWorldofWarcraftforabouttwotofourhourseveryothernight,butthat\'snothingcomparedwiththe40to60hoursaweekhespentplayingonlinegameswhenhewasincollege.Hecutbackonlyafterafull-scalefamilyintervention(干预),inwhichrelativestoldhimhe\'dgainedweight."There\'sthiswholecultureofcompetitionthatsuckspeoplein"withonlinegaming,saidHeidrich,nowafatheroftwo."Peopledoitattheexpenseofeverythingthatwasaconstantintheirlives."Heidrichnowvisitswebsitesthatdiscussgamingaddictionregularly"toremindmyselftokeepmyloveforonlinegamesincheck."ToebealsoregularlyvisitsasitewherepostersdiscussInternetoveruse.InAugust,whenshefirstrealizedshehadaproblem,shepostedamessageonaYahooInternetaddictiongroupwiththesubjectline:"IhaveanInternetAddiction.""I\'mself-employedandneedtheInternetformywork,butI\'mfailingtoaccomplishmywork,totakecareofmyhome,togiveattentiontomychildren,"shewroteinamessagesenttothegroup."Ihavenomoneyorinsurancetogetprofessionalhelp;Ican\'tevenpaymymortgage(抵押贷款)andfacelosingeverything."Sincethen,Toebesaid,shehaskeptherpromisetoherselftocutbackonherInternetuse."Ihaveaboyfriendnow,andI\'mnotinterestedinonlinedating,"shesaidbyphonelastweek."It\'salotbetternow."注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.WhateventuallymadeCarlaToeberealizeshewasspendingtoomuchtimeontheInternet?A)Herdaughter\'srepeatedcomplaints.B)Fatigueresultingfromlackofsleep.C)Thepoorlymanagedstateofherhouse.D)Thehighfinancialcostsaddingup.2.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutexcessiveInternetuse?A)Peopleshouldbewarnedofitsharmfulconsequences.B)Ithasbecomevirtuallyinevitable.C)Ithasbeensomewhatexaggerated.D)Peoplehaven\'tyetreachedagreementonitsdefinition.3.JonathanBishopbelievesthattheInternetoveruseproblemcanbesolvedifpeople______.A)trytoimprovetheInternetenvironment73B)becomeawareofitsseriousconsequencesC)canrealizewhatisimportantinlifeD)canreachaconsensusonitsdefinition4.AccordingtoProfessorMaressaOrzack,Internetusewouldbeconsideredexcessiveif______.A)itseriouslyaffectedfamilyrelationshipsB)onevisitedpornwebsitesfrequentlyC)toomuchtimewasspentinchatroomsD)peoplegotinvolvedinonlinegambling5.AccordingtoOrzack,peoplewhostrugglewithheavyrelianceontheInternetmayfeel______.A)discouragedB)pressuredC)depressedD)puzzled6.WhydidAndreHeidrichcutbackonlinegaming?A)Hehadlostalotofmoney.B)Hisfamilyhadintervened.C)Hehadoffendedhisrelatives.D)Hiscareerhadbeenruined.7.AndrewHeidrichnowvisitswebsitesthatdiscussonlinegamingaddictionto______.A)improvehisonlinegamingskillsB)curbhisdesireforonlinegamingC)showhowgoodheisatonlinegamingD)exchangeonlinegamingexperience8.Inoneofthemessagesshepostedonawebsite,Toebeadmittedthatshe______.9.ExcessiveInternetusehadrenderedToebesopoorthatshecouldn\'taffordtoseek______.10.Nowthatshe\'sgotaboyfriend,Toebeisnolongercrazyabout______.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。11.A)Hehasprovedtobeabetterreaderthanthewoman.B)Hehasdifficultyunderstandingthebook.C)Hecannotgetaccesstotheassignedbook.D)Hecannotfinishhisassignmentbeforethedeadline.12.A)Shewilldrivethemantothesupermarket.74B)Themanshouldbuyacarofhisown.C)Themanneedn\'tgoshoppingeveryweek.D)Shecanpickthemanupatthegrocerystore.13.A)Getmorefoodanddrinks.B)Askhisfriendtocomeover.C)Tidyuptheplace.D)Holdaparty.14.A)ThetalkscanbeheldanydayexceptthisFriday.B)HecouldchangehisscheduletomeetJohnSmith.C)Thefirst-roundtalksshouldstartassoonaspossible.D)ThewomanshouldcontactJohnSmithfirst.15.A)Heunderstandsthewoman\'sfeelings.B)Hehasgonethroughasimilarexperience.C)Thewomanshouldhavegoneonthefieldtrip.D)Theteacherisjustfollowingtheregulations.16.A)Shewillmeetthemanhalfway.B)ShewillaskDavidtotalkless.C)Sheissorrythemanwillnotcome.D)ShehastoinviteDavidtotheparty.17.A)FewstudentsunderstandProf.Johnson\'slectures.B)FewstudentsmeetProf.Jonson\'srequirements.C)ManystudentsfindProf.Johnson\'slecturesboring.D)ManystudentshavedroppedProf.Johnson\'sclass.18.A)Checktheircomputerfiles.B)Makesomecomputations.C)Studyacomputerprogram.D)Assembleacomputer.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Itallowshimtomakealotoffriends.B)Itrequireshimtoworklonghours.C)Itenableshimtoapplytheorytopractice.D)Ithelpshimunderstandpeoplebetter.20.A)Itisintellectuallychallenging.B)Itrequireshimtodowashing-upallthetime.C)Itexposeshimtooilysmokealldaylong.D)Itdemandsphysicalenduranceandpatience.21.A)Inahospital.B)Atacoffeeshop.C)Atalaundry.D)Inahotel.22.A)Gettingalongwellwithcolleagues.B)Payingattentiontoeverydetail.C)Planningeverythinginadvance.D)Knowingtheneedsofcustomers.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.A)ThepocketmoneyBritishchildrenget.B)TheannualinflationrateinBritain.C)ThethingsBritishchildrenspendmoneyon.75D)TherisingcostofraisingachildinBritain.24.A)Itenableschildrentolivebetter.B)Itgoesdownduringeconomicrecession.C)Itoftenriseshigherthaninflation.D)Ithasgoneup25%inthepastdecade.25.A)Saveupfortheirfutureeducation.B)Payforsmallpersonalthings.C)Buytheirownshoesandsocks.D)Makedonationswhennecessary.来源:考试大-英语四级考试SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。PassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.26.A)Districtmanagers.B)Regularcustomers.C)Salesdirectors.D)Seniorclerks.27.A)Thesupportprovidedbytheregularclients.B)Theinitiativeshownbythesalesrepresentatives.C)Theurgencyofimplementingthecompany\'splans.D)Theimportantpartplayedbydistrictmanagers.28.A)Someofthemwerepolitical-minded.B)Fiftypercentofthemwerefemale.C)Onethirdofthemwereseniormanagers.D)Mostofthemwereratherconservative.29.A)Heusedtoomanyquotations.B)Hewasnotgendersensitive.C)Hedidnotkeeptothepoint.D)Hespenttoomuchtimeondetails.PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.A)Stateyourproblemtotheheadwaiter.B)Demandadiscountonthedishesordered.C)Asktoseethemanagerpolitelybutfirmly.D)Askthenameofthepersonwaitingonyou.31.A)Youproblemmaynotbeunderstoodcorrectly.B)Youdon\'tknowifyouarecomplainingattherighttime.76C)Yourcomplaintmaynotreachthepersonincharge.D)Youcan\'ttellhowthepersononthelineisreacting.32.A)Demandapromptresponse.B)Provideallthedetails.C)Senditbyexpressmail.D)Sticktothepoint.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.A)FashiondesignerB)Architect.C)Cityplanner.D)Engineer.34.A)Dosomevolunteerwork.B)Getawell-paidpart-timejob.C)Workflexiblehours.D)Gobacktoherpreviouspost.35.A)Fewbaby-sitterscanbeconsideredtrustworthy.B)Itwilladdtothefamily\'sfinancialburden.C)Ababy-sitterisnoreplacementforamother.D)Thechildrenwon\'tgetalongwithababy-sitter.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Almosteverychild,onthefirstdayhesetsfootinaschoolbuilding,issmarter,more(36)______,lessafraidofwhathedoesn\'tknow,betteratfindingand(37)______thingsout,moreconfident,resourceful(机敏的),persistentand(38)______thanhewilleverbeagaininhisschooling–or,unlessheisvery(39)______andverylucky,fortherestofhislife.Already,bypayingcloseattentiontoand(40)______withtheworldandpeoplearoundhim,andwithoutanyschool-type(41)______instruction,hehasdoneataskfarmoredifficult,complicatedand(42)______thananythinghewillbeaskedtodoinschool,orthananyofhisteachershasdoneforyears.Hehassolvedthe(43)______oflanguage.Hehasdiscoveredit–babiesdon\'tevenknowthatlanguageexists–and(44)77________________________________________________.Hehasdoneitbyexploring,byexperimenting,bydevelopinghisownmodelofthegrammaroflanguage,(45)________________________________________________untilitdoeswork.Andwhilehehasbeendoingthis,hehasbeenlearningotherthingsaswell,(46)________________________________________________,andmanythataremorecomplicatedthantheonestheydotrytoteachhim.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whenwethinkofgreenbuildings,wetendtothinkofnewones–thekindofhigh-tech,solar-paneledmasterpiecesthatmakethecoversofarchitecturemagazines.ButtheU.S.hasmorethan100millionexistinghomes,anditwouldbe__47__wastefultotearthemalldownand__48__themwithgreenerversions.Anenormousamountofenergyandresourceswentintotheconstructionofthosehouses.Anditwouldtakeanaverageof65yearsforthe__49__carbonemissionsfromanewenergy-efficienthometomakeupfortheresourceslostbydestroyinganoldone.Sointhebroadest__50__,thegreenesthomeistheonethathasalreadybeenbuilt.Butatthesametime,nearlyhalfofU.S.carbonemissionscomefromheating,coolingand__51__ourhomes,officesandotherbuildings."Youcan\'tdealwithclimatechangewithoutdealingwithexistingbuildings,"saysRichardMoe,thepresidentoftheNationalTrust.Withsome__52__,theoldesthomestendtobetheleastenergy-efficient.Housesbuiltbefore1939useabout50%moreenergypersquarefootthanthosebuiltafter2000,mainlyduetothetinycracksandgapsthat__53__overtimeandletinmoreoutsideair.Fortunately,therearea__54__numberofrelativelysimplechangesthatcangreenolderhomes,from__55__oneslikeLincoln\'sCottagetoyourownpostwarhome.Andefficiencyupgrades(升级)cansavemorethanjustthe78earth;theycanhelp__56__propertyownersfromrisingpowercosts.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A)accommodationsB)clumsyC)doubtfulD)exceptionsE)expandF)historicG)incrediblyH)poweringI)protectJ)reducedK)replaceL)senseM)shiftedN)supplyingO)vastSectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Youneverseehim,butthey\'rewithyoueverytimeyoufly.Theyrecordwhereyouaregoing,howfastyou\'retravelingandwhethereverythingonyourairplaneisfunctioningnormally.Theirabilitytowithstandalmostanydisastermakesthemseemlikesomethingoutofacomicbook.They\'reknownastheblackbox.Whenplanesfallfromthesky,asaYemeniairlinerdidonitswaytoComorosIslandsintheIndiaoceanJune30,2009,theblackboxisthebestbetforidentifyingwhatwentwrong.SowhenaFrenchsubmarine(潜水艇)detectedthedevice\'shomingsignalfivedayslater,thediscoverymarkedahugesteptowarddeterminingthecauseofatragedyinwhich152passengerswerekilled.In1958,AustralianscientistDavidWarrendevelopedaflight-memoryrecorderthatwouldtrackbasicinformationlikealtitudeanddirection.Thatwasthefirstmodeforablackbox,whichbecamearequirementonallU.S.commercialflightsby1960.Earlymodelsoftenfailedtowithstandcrashes,however,soin1965thedevicewascompletelyredesignedandmovedtotherearoftheplane–thearealeastsubjecttoimpact–fromitsoriginalpositioninthelandingwells(起落架舱).Thesameyear,theFederalAviationAuthorityrequiredthattheboxes,whichwereneveractuallyblack,bepaintedorangeoryellowtoaidvisibility.Modernairplaneshavetwoblackboxes:avoicerecorder,whichtrackspilots\'conversations,andaflight-datarecorder,whichmonitorsfuellevels,enginenoisesandotheroperatingfunctionsthathelpinvestigatorsreconstructtheaircraft\'sfinalmoments.Placedinaninsulated(隔绝的)caseandsurroundedbyaquarter-inch-thickpanelsofstainlesssteel,theboxescanwithstand79massiveforceandtemperaturesupto2,000℉.Whensubmerged,they\'realsoabletoemitsignalsfromdepthsof20,000ft.ExpertsbelievetheboxesfromAirFranceFlight447,whichcrashednearBrazilonJune1,2009,areinwaternearlythatdeep,butstatisticssaythey\'restilllikelytoturnup.Intheapproximately20deep-seacrashesoverthepast30years,onlyoneplane\'sblackboxeswereneverrecovered.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。57.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheblackbox?A)Itensuresthenormalfunctioningofanairplane.B)Theideaforitsdesigncomesfromacomicbook.C)Itsabilitytowardoffdisastersisincredible.D)Itisanindispensabledeviceonanairplane.58.WhatinformationcouldbefoundfromtheblackboxontheYemeniairliner?A)Dataforanalyzingthecauseofthecrash.B)Thetotalnumberofpassengersonboard.C)Thesceneofthecrashandextentofthedamage.D)Homingsignalssentbythepilotbeforethecrash.59.Whywastheblackboxredesignedin1965?A)Newmaterialsbecameavailablebythattime.B)Toomuchspacewasneededforitsinstallation.C)Theearlymodelsoftengotdamagedinthecrash.D)Theearlymodelsdidn\'tprovidetheneededdata.60.WhydidtheFederalAviationAuthorityrequiretheblackboxesbepaintedorangeoryellow?A)Todistinguishthemfromthecolouroftheplane.B)Tocautionpeopletohandlethemwithcare.C)Tomakethemeasilyidentifiable.D)Toconformtointernationalstandards.61.WhatdoweknowabouttheblackboxesfromAirFranceFlight447?A)Thereisstillagoodchanceoftheirbeingrecovered.B)Thereisanurgentneedforthemtobereconstructed.C)Theyhavestoppedsendinghomingsignals.D)TheyweredestroyedsomewherenearBrazil.PassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.The$11billionself-helpindustryisbuiltontheideathatyoushouldturnnegativethoughtslike"Ineverdoanythingright"intopositiveoneslike"Icansucceed."ButwaspositivethinkingadvocateNormanVincentPealeright?Istherepowerinpositivethinking?ResearchersinCanadajustpublishedastudyinthejournalPsychologicalSciencethatsaystryingtoget80peopletothinkmorepositivelycanactuallyhavetheoppositeeffect:itcansimplyhighlighthowunhappytheyare.Thestudy\'sauthors,JoanneWoodandJohnLeeoftheUniversityofWaterlooandElainePerunovicoftheUniversityofNewBrunswick,beginbycitingolderresearchshowingthatwhenpeoplegetfeedbackwhichtheybelieveisoverlypositive,theyactuallyfeelworse,notbetter.IfyoutellyourdimfriendthathehasthepotentialofanEinstein,you\'rejustunderlininghisfaults.Inone1990sexperiment,ateamincludingpsychologistJoelCooperofPrincetonaskedparticipantstowriteessaysopposingfundingforthedisabled.Whentheessayistswerelaterpraisedfortheirsympathy,theyfeltevenworseaboutwhattheyhadwritten.Inthisexperiment,Wood,LeeandPerunovicmeasured68students\'self-esteem.Theparticipantswerethenaskedtowritedowntheirthoughtsandfeelingsforfourminutes.Every15seconds,onegroupofstudentsheardabell.Whenitrang,theyweresupposedtotellthemselves,"Iamlovable."Thosewithlowself-esteemdidn\'tfeelbetteraftertheforcedself-affirmation.Infact,theirmoodsturnedsignificantlydarkerthanthoseofmembersofthecontrolgroup,whoweren\'turgedtothinkpositivethoughts.Thepaperprovidessupportfornewerformsofpsychotherapy(心理治疗)thaturgepeopletoaccepttheirnegativethoughtsandfeelingsratherthanfightthem.Inthefighting,wenotonlyoftenfailbutcanmakethingsworse.Meditation(静思)techniques,incontrast,canteachpeopletoputtheirshortcomingsintoalarger,morerealisticperspective.Callitthepowerofnegativethinking.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。62.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraphabouttheself-helpindustry?A)Itisahighlyprofitableindustry.B)Itisbasedontheconceptofpositivethinking.C)ItwasestablishedbyNormanVincentPeale.D)Ithasyieldedpositiveresults.63.WhatisthefindingoftheCanadianresearchers?A)Encouragingpositivethinkingmanydomoreharmthangood.B)Therecanbenosimpletherapyforpsychologicalproblems.C)Unhappypeoplecannotthinkpositively.D)Thepowerofpositivethinkingislimited.64.Whatdoestheauthormeanby"…you\'rejust81underlininghisfaults"(Line4,Para.3)?A)Youarenottakinghismistakesseriouslyenough.B)Youarepointingouttheerrorshehascommitted.C)Youareemphasizingthefactthatheisnotintelligent.D)Youaretryingtomakehimfeelbetterabouthisfaults.65.WhatdowelearnfromtheexperimentofWood,LeeandPerunovic?A)Itisimportantforpeopletocontinuallyboosttheirself-esteem.B)Self-affirmationcanbringapositivechangetoone\'smood.C)Forcingapersontothinkpositivethoughtsmaylowertheirself-esteem.D)Peoplewithlowself-esteemseldomwritedowntheirtruefeelings.66.Whatdowelearnfromthelastparagraph?A)Theeffectsofpositivethinkingvaryfrompersontoperson.B)Meditationmayprovetobeagoodformofpsychotherapy.C)Differentpeopletendtohavedifferentwaysofthinking.D)Peoplecanavoidmakingmistakesthroughmeditation.PartVCloze(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Theterme-commercereferstoallcommercialtransactionsconductedovertheInternet,includingtransactionsbyconsumersandbusiness-to-businesstransactions.Conceptually,e-commercedoesnot__67__fromwell-knowncommercialofferingssuchasbankingbyphone,"mailorder"catalogs,orsendingapurchaseordertosupplier__68__fax.E-commercefollowsthesamemodel__69__inotherbusinesstransactions;thedifference__70__inthedetails.Toaconsumer,themostvisibleformofe-commerceconsists__71__onlineordering.Acustomerbeginswithacatalogofpossibleitems,__72__anitem,arrangesaformofpayment,and__73__anorder.Insteadofaphysicalcatalog,e-commercearrangesforcatalogstobe__74__ontheInternet.Insteadofsendinganorderonpaperorby82telephone,e-commercearrangesfororderstobesent__75__acomputernetwork.Finally,insteadofsendingapaperrepresentationofpaymentsuchasacheck,e-commerce__76__onetosendpaymentinformationelectronically.Inthedecade__77__1993,e-commercegrewfroman__78__novelty(新奇事物)toamainstreambusinessinfluence.In1993,few__79__hadawebpage,and__80__ahandfulallowedonetoorderproductsorservicesonline.Tenyears__81__,bothlargeandsmallbusinesseshadwebpages,andmost__82__userswiththeopportunitytoplaceanorder.__83__,manybanksaddedonlineaccess,__84__onlinebankingandbillpayingbecame__85__.Moreimportantly,thevalueofgoodsandservices__86__overtheInternetgrewdramaticallyafter1997.67.A)distractB)descendC)differD)derive68.A)withB)viaC)fromD)off69.A)appearedB)usedC)resortedD)served70.A)situatesB)liesC)rootsD)locates71.A)onB)ofC)forD)to72.A)reflectsB)detectsC)protectsD)selects73.A)sendsinB)putsoutC)standsforD)carriesaway74.A)visibleB)responsibleC)feasibleD)sensible75.A)besideB)overC)beyondD)up76.A)appealsB)admitsC)advocatesD)allows77.A)afterB)behindC)untilD)toward78.A)optionalB)invalidC)occasionalD)insignificant79.A)communitiesB)corpsC)corporationsD)compounds80.A)largelyB)slightlyC)solelyD)only81.A)latelyB)laterC)lateD)latter82.A)offeredB)convincedC)equippedD)provided83.A)InsteadB)NeverthelessC)HoweverD)Besides84.A)andB)orC)butD)though85.A)differentB)flexibleC)widespreadD)productive86.A)acquiredB)adaptedC)practicedD)proceededPartVITranslation(5minutes)Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyoutranslationonAnswerSheet2.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。8387.Becauseofthenoiseoutside,Nancyhadgreatdifficulty__________________(集中注意力在实验上).88.Themanagerneverlaughed;neither__________________(她也从来没有发过脾气).89.Welookforwardto__________________(被邀请出席开幕式).90.Itissuggestedthattheairconditioner__________________(要安装在窗户旁).91.The16-year-oldgirldecidedtotravelabroadonherowndespite__________________(她父母的强烈反对).作文范文：DueAttentionShouldBeGivenToSpellingCorrectspellingisabasicskillinEnglishstudy.However,nowadaysmanystudentsdonotpaymuchattentiontoit.Theyhavetheirownreasonsformisspelling.Firstofall,theylikeaneasywayofstudying,whichcausessomeomissionsandchangesinspelling.Second,theteachersmightnotbeverystrictinstudents’spelling.InChina,teachersseemtobemoreconcernedwithgrammarandvocabularybutnotspelling.Tochangethissituation,inmyopinion,theteachersandthestudentsshouldworktogether.Ononeand,theteachersshouldgivemoreattentiontostudents’spelling,askingthestudentstobeconsciousoftheimportanceofcorrectspellingfromtheverybeginningoftheirEnglishstudy.Ontheotherhand,thestudentsthemselvesaresupposedtobeawarethatcorrectspellingisamustinEnglishstudy.Tosumup,correctspellingissoimportantthatbothstudentsandtheteachersshouldsparenoeffortstoachievecorrectspelling.2010年6月大学英语四级答案1.A)herdaughters\'repeatedcomplains2.D)Peoplehaven\'tyetreachedagreementonitsdefinition3.C)canrealizewhatisimportantinlife4.A)itseriouslyaffectedfamilyrelationships5.C)depressed6.B)Hisfamilyhadintervened7.B)curbhisdesireforonlinegaming8.hadanInternetaddiction9.professionalhelp10.onlinedating听力答案SectionAshortconversation8411.C)Hecannotgetaccesstotheassignedbook.12.A)Shewilldrivethemantothesupermarket.13.C)Tidyuptheplace.14.A)ThetalkscanbeheldanydayexceptthisFriday.15.A)Heunderstandsthewoman’sfeelings.16.D)ShehastoinviteDavidtotheparty.17.C)ManystudentsfindProf.Johnson’slecturesboring.18.D)Assembleacomputer.longconversation19.B)Itrequireshimtoworklonghours.20.D)Itdemandsphysicalenduranceandpatience.21.D)Inahotel.22.B)Payingattentiontoeverydetail.23.A)ThepocketmoneyBritishchildrenget.24.C)Itoftenriseshigherthaninflation.25.B)Payforsmallpersonalthings.SectionBPassage126.B)Districtmanagers27.D)Theimportantpartplayedbydistrictmanagers28.B)Fiftypercentofthemwerefemale29.B)HewasnotgendersensitivePassage230.C)Asktoseethemanagerpolitelybutfirmly31.D)Youcan’ttellhowthepersononthelineisreacting32.D)SticktothepointPassage333.B)Architect34.A)Dosomevolunteerwork.35.C)Ababy-sitterisnoreplacementforamother.SectionC36.curious37.figuring38.independent39.unusual40.interacting41.formal42.abstract43.mystery44.hehasfoundouthowitworksandlearnttouseitappropriately45.bytryingitoutandseeingwhetheritworks,bygraduallychangingitandrefiningit46.includingmanyoftheconceptsthattheschoolsthinkonlytheycanteachhim仔细阅读答案SectionA47.Gincredibly48.Kreplace49.Jreduced50.Lsense51.Hpowering52.Dexceptions53.Eexpand54.Ovast55.F85historic56.IprotectSectionBPassage157.C)Itsabilitytowardoffdisastersisincredible.58.A)Dataforanalyzingthecauseofthecrash.59.C)Theearlymodelsoftengotdamagedinthecrash.60.C)Tomakethemeasilyidentifiable.61.A)Thereisstillagoodchancefortheirbeingrecovered.Passage262.B)Itisbasedontheconceptofpositivethinking63.A)Encouragingpositivethinkingmaydomoreharmthangood64.B)Youarepointingouttheerrorshehascommitted65.C)Forcingapersontothinkpositivethoughtsmaylowertheirself-esteem66.B)Meditationmayprovetobeagoodformofpsychotherapy完型答案67.B)differ68.B)via69.B)used70.B)lies71.B)of72.D)selects73.A)sendsin74.A)visible75.C)beyond76.D)allows77.B)behind78.D)insignificant79.C)corporations80.D)only81.B)later82.D)provided83.D)besides84.A)and85.C)widespread86.A)acquired翻译答案87.(in)concentratingontheexperiment/focusingherattentionontheexperiment.88.didshebecomeangry/didshelosehertemperbefore.89.beinginvitedtoattendtheopeningceremony.90.(should)befixed/installedbythewindow91.thestrongoppositionofherparents/herparents’strongopposition.2009年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案PartⅠWriting(30minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutes86towriteashortessayonthetopicofCreatingaGreenCampus.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1.建设绿色校园很重要2.绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境……3.为了建设绿色校园，我们应该……CreatingaGreenCampusPartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestion8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.Collegestakinganotherlookatvalueofmerit-basedaidGoodgradesandhightestsscoresstillmatter—alot—tomanycollegesastheyawardfinancialaid.Butwithlow-incomestudentsprojectedtomakeupanever-largershareofthecollege-boundpopulationincomingyears,someschoolsarere-examiningwhetherthataid,typicallyknownas“meritaid”,isthemosteffectiveuseofpreciousinstitutionaldollars.GeorgeWashingtonUniversityinWashington,D.C.,forexample,saidlastweekthatitwouldcutthevalueofitsaveragemeritscholarshipsbyaboutone-thirdandreducethenumberofrecipients(接受者),pouringthesavings,about$2.5million,intoneed-basedaid.AlleghenyCollegeinMeadville,Pa.,madeasimilardecisionthreeyearsago.Now,HamiltonCollegeinClinton,N.Y.,saysitwillphaseoutmeritscholarshipsaltogether.Nocurrentmerit-aidrecipientswilllosetheirscholarships,butneed-basedaidalonewillbeawardedbeginningwithstudentsenteringinfall2008.Notallcollegesoffermeritaid;generally,themoreselectiveaschool,thelesslikelyitistodoso.HarvardandPrinceton,forexample,offergenerousneed-basedpackages,butmanyfamilieswhodon’tmeetneedeligibility(资格)havebeenwillingtopaywhatevertheymustforabig-nameschool.Forsmallregionalcollegesthatstrugglejusttofillseats,meritaidcanbeanimportantrevenue-builderbecausemanyrecipientsstillpayenoughtuitiondollarsoverandabovethescholarshipamounttokeeptheinstitutionrunning.Butforrankings-consciousschoolsinbetween,meritaidhasservedprimarilyasatooltorecruittopstudentsandtoimprovetheiracademicprofits.“They’retryingto87buystudents,”saysSkidmoreCollegeeconomistSandyBaum.Studiesshowmeritaidalsotendstobenefitdisproportionatelystudentswhocouldaffordtoenrollwithoutit.“Aswelooktothefuture,weseeamorepressingneedtoinvestinneed-basedaid,”saysMonicaInzer,deanofadmissionandfinancialaidatHamilton,whichhasofferedmeritscholarshipsfor10years.Duringthattime,itroseinUSNews&WorldReport’srankingofthebestliberalartscolleges,from25to17.Meritaid,whichbenefitedabout75studentsayear,orabout4%ofitsstudentbody,atacostofabout$1millionayear,“serveduswell,”Inzersays,but“tobediscountingthepriceforfamiliesthatdon’tneedfinancialaiddoesn’tfeelrightanymore.”Need-basedaidremainsbyfarthelargestshareofallstudentaid,whichincludesstate,federalandinstitutionalgrants.Butmeritaid,offeredprimarilybyschoolsandstates,isgrowingfaster,bothoverallandattheinstitutionallevel.Between1995-96and2003-04,institutionalmeritaidaloneincreased212%,comparedwith47%forneed-basedgrants.Atleast15statesalsooffermeritaid,typicallyinabidtoenrolltopstudentsinthestate’spublicinstitutions.Butinrecentyears,agrowingchorus(异口同声)ofcriticshasbegunpressuringschoolstodropthepractice.RecentdecisionsbyHamiltonandothersmaybe“asignthatpeoplearestartingtorealizethatthere’sthisdestructivecompetitiongoingon,”saysBaum,co-authorofarecentCollegeReportthatraisesconcernsabouttheroleofinstitutionalaidnotbasedonneed.DavidLaird,presidentoftheMinnesotaPrivateCollegeCouncil,saysmanyofhisschoolswouldliketoreducetheirmeritaidbutfearthatindoingso,theywouldlosetopstudentstotheircompetitors.“Noonecantakeone-sidedaction,”saysLaird,whoisexploringwhethertoseekanexemption(豁免)fromfederalanti-trustlawssomembercollegescandiscusshowtheycouldjointlyreducemeritaid,“Thisisamerry-go-roundthat’sgoingveryfast,andnoneoftheinstitutionsbelievetheycansustaintherisksoftryingtobreakawaybythemselves.”Acomplicatingfactoristhatmeritaidhasbecomesopopularwithmiddle-incomefamilies,whodon’tqualifyforneed-basedaid,thatmanyhavecometodependonit.And,astuitionscontinuetoincrease,thelinebetweenmeritandneedblurs.88That’sonereasonAlleghenyCollegedoesn’tplantodropmeritaidentirely.“Westillbelieveinrewardingsuperiorachievementsandknowthatthesetopstudentstrulyvaluethescholarship,”saysScottFriedhoff,Allegheny’svicepresidentforenrollment.EmoryUniversityinAtlanta,whichboastsa$4.7billionendowment(捐赠),meanwhile,istakinganotherapproach.Thisyear,itannounceditwouldeliminateloansforneedystudentsandcapthemformiddle-incomefamilies.Atthesametime,itwouldexpandits28-year-oldmeritprogram.“Yeah,we’replayingthemeritgame,”acknowledgesTomLancaster,associatedeanforundergraduateeducation.Butithasitsstrongpoint,too,hesays.“Thefactofthematteris,it’snotjustaboutthelowest-incomepeople.It’stheaverageAmericanmiddle-classfamilywho’sbeingpricedoutofthemarket.”Afewwordsaboutmerit-basedaid:Merit-basedaidisaidofferedtostudentswhoachieveexcellenceinagivenarea,andisgenerallyknownasacademic,athleticandartisticmeritscholarships.Academicmeritscholarshipsarebasedonstudents’grades,GPAandoverallacademicperformanceduringhighschool.Theyaretypicallymeantforstudentsgoingstraighttocollegerightafterhighschool.However,therearescholarshipsforcurrentcollegestudentswithexceptionalgradesaswell.Thesemeritscholarshipsusuallyhelpstudentspaytuitionbills,andtheycanberenewedeachyearaslongastherecipientscontinuetoqualify.Insomecases,studentsmayneedtoberecommendedbytheirschoolorateacheraspartofthequalificationprocess.Athleticmeritscholarshipsaremeantforstudentsthatexcel(突出)insportsofanykind,fromfootballtotrackandfieldevents.Recommendationforthesescholarshipsisrequired,sinceexceptionalathleticperformancehastoberecognizedbyacoachorareferee(裁判).Applicantsneedtosendinatapecontainingtheirbestperformance.Artisticmeritscholarshipsrequirethatapplicantsexcelinagivenartisticarea.Thisgenerallyincludesanycreativefieldsuchasart,design,fashion,music,danceorwriting.Applyingforartisticmeritscholarshipsusuallyrequiresthatstudentssubmitaportfolio(选辑)ofsomesort,whetherthatincludesacollectionofartwork,arecordingofamusicalperformanceoravideoofthemdancing.1.Withmoreandmorelow-incomestudentspursuing89highereducation,anumberofcollegesare________.A)offeringstudentsmoremerit-basedaidB)revisingtheirfinancialaidpoliciesC)increasingtheamountoffinancialaidD)changingtheiradmissionprocesses2.WhatdidAlleghenyCollegeinMeadvilledothreeyearsago?A)Ittriedtoimplementanovelfinancialaidprogram.B)Itadded$2.5milliontoitsneed-basedaidprogram.C)Itphasedoutitsmerit-basedscholarshipsaltogether.D)Itcutsitsmerit-basedaidtohelptheneedystudents.3.Thechiefpurposeofrankings-consciouscollegesinofferingmeritaidisto______.A)improveteachingqualityB)boosttheirenrollmentsC)attractgoodstudentsD)increasetheirrevenues4.MonicaInzer,deanofadmissionandfinancialaidatHamilton,believes______.A)itdoesn’tpaytospend$1millionayeartoraiseitsrankingB)itgivesstudentsmotivationtoawardacademicachievementsC)it’sillogicaltousesomuchmoneyononly4%ofitsstudentsD)it’snotrighttogiveaidtothosewhocanaffordthetuition5.Inrecentyears,merit-basedaidhasincreasedmuchfasterthanneed-basedaiddueto______.A)moregovernmentfundingtocollegesB)fiercecompetitionamonginstitutionsC)theincreasingnumberoftopstudentsD)schools’improvedfinancialsituations6.Whatistheattitudeofmanyprivatecollegestowardmeritaid,accordingtoDavidLaird?A)Theywouldliketoseeitreduced.B)Theyregarditasanecessaryevil.C)Theythinkitdoesmoreharmthangood.D)Theyconsideritunfairtomiddle-classfamilies.7.Whydoesn’tAlleghenyCollegeplantodropmeritaidentirely?A)Raisingtuitionshavemadecollegeunaffordableformiddle-classfamilies.B)Withrisingincomes,fewerstudentsareapplyingforneed-basedaid.C)Manystudentsfrommiddle-incomefamilieshavecometorelyonit.90D)Risingincomeshavedisqualifiedmanystudentsforneed-basedaid.8.Annualrenewalofacademicmeritscholarshipsdependsonwhethertherecipientsremain______.9.Applicantsforathleticmeritscholarshipsneedarecommendationfromacoachorarefereewho______theirexceptionalathleticperformance.10.Applicantsforartisticmeritscholarshipsmustproduceevidencetoshowtheir______inaparticularartisticfieldPartⅢListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichthebestansweris.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions11to18arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.11.A)Getsomesmallchange.B)Findashoppingcenter.C)Cashacheckatabank.D)Findaparkingmeter.12.A)Shoppingwithhisson.B)Buyingagiftforachild.C)Promotinganewproduct.D)Bargainingwithasalesgirl.13.A)Takingphotographs.B)Enhancingimages.C)Mendingcameras.D)Paintingpictures.14.A)HemovedtoBaltimorewhenhewasyoung.B)Hecanprovidelittleusefulinformation.C)HewillshowthewomanaroundBaltimore.D)Hewillasksomeoneelsetohelpthewoman.15.A)Heisratherdisappointed.B)Heishighlyambitious.C)Hecan’tfaceuptothesituationD)Heknowshisownlimitation.16.A)ShemusthavepaidalotB)Sheisknowntohaveaterrificfigure.C)Hergymexercisehasyieldedgoodresults.D)Herefforttokeepfitisreallypraiseworthy.17.A)Femalestudentsareunfitforstudyingphysics.B)Hecanserveasthewoman’stutor.C)Physicsisanimportantcourseatschool.D)Theprofessor’ssuggestionisconstructive.9118.A)Indifferent.B)Doubtful.C)Pleased.D)Surprised.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Heprefersthesmallereveningclasses.B)Hehassignedupforadaycourse.C)Hehastoworkduringtheday.D)Hefindstheeveningcoursecheaper.20.A)Learnacomputerlanguage.B)Learndataprocessing.C)Buysomecomputersoftware.D)Buyafewcoursebooks.21.A)Thursdayevening,from7:00to9:45.B)FromSeptember1toNewYear’seve.C)EveryMonday,lastingfor12weeks.D)Threehoursaweek,45hoursintotal.22.A)Whattobringforregistration.B)Wheretoattendtheclass.C)HowhecangettoFrostHall.D)Whetherhecanuseacheck.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.A)Atrainingcoach.B)Atradingadviser.C)Aprofessionalmanager.D)Afinancialtrader.24.A)Hecansaveonlivingexpenses.B)Heconsiderscookingcreative.C)Hecanenjoyhealthierfood.D)Hethinkstake-awayistasteless.25.A)Itissomethinginevitable.B)Itisfrustratingsometimes.C)Ittakespatiencetomanage.D)Itcanbeagoodthing.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A)Therewerenoplanetswithoutmoons.B)TherewasnoairorwateronJupiter.C)Lifewasnotpossibleinouterspace.D)Themysteryoflifecouldnotberesolved.27.A)Ithasanumberofactivevolcanoes.B)Ithas92anatmosphereliketheearth’s.C)Ithasalargeoceanunderitssurface.D)Ithasdeepcavesseveralmileslong.28.A)Lightisnotanessentialelementtoit.B)Lifecanforminveryhottemperatures.C)Everyformoflifeundergoesevolution.D)Oxygenisnotneededforsomelifeforms.PassageTwoQuestions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.29.A)Whethertheyshouldtakethechildhome.B)WhatDr.Mayer’sinstructionsexactlywere.C)Whoshouldtakecareofthechildathome.D)Whenthechildwouldcompletelyrecover.30.A)Sheencouragesthemtoaskquestionswhenindoubt.B)Shemakesthemwritedownallherinstructions.C)Shehasthemactoutwhattheyaretodoathome.D)Sheasksthemtorepeatwhattheyaresupposedtodo.31.A)Itlacksthestabilityoftheprintedword.B)Itcontainsmanygrammaticalerrors.C)Itisheavilydependentonthecontext.D)ItfacilitatesinterpePassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.32.A)Jobsecurity.B)Goodlabourrelations.C)Challengingwork.D)Attractivewagesandbenefits.33.A)Manytediousjobscontinuetobedonemanually.B)Moreandmoreunskilledworkerswilllosejobs.C)Computerswillchangethenatureofmanyjobs.D)Boringjobswillgraduallybemadeenjoyable.34.A)Offerthemchancesofpromotion.B)Improvetheirworkingconditions.C)Encouragethemtocompetewitheachother.D)Givethemresponsibilitiesaspartofateam.35.A)Theywillnotbringrealbenefitstothestaff.B)Theyconcernasmallnumberofpeopleonly.C)Theyarearbitrarilysetbytheadministrators.D)Theyarebeyondthecontrolofordinaryworkers.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to9346youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题在答题卡2上。Inthehumanities,authorswritetoinformyouinmanyways.Thesemethodscanbe(36)______intothreetypesofinformationalwriting:factual,descriptive,andprocess.Factualwritingprovides(37)______informationonanauthor,composer,orartistoronatypeofmusic,literature,orart.Examplesoffactualwritingincludenotesonabookjacketor(38)______coverandlongerpieces,suchasanarticledescribingastyleofmusicwhichyoumightreadinamusic(39)______course.Thiskindofwritingprovidesa(40)______foryourstudyofthehumanities.Asitsname(41)______,descriptivewritingsimplydescribes,orprovidesan(42)______of,apieceofmusic,art,orliterature.Forexample,descriptivewritingmightlistthecolorsanartistusedinapaintingorthe(43)______acomposerincludedinamusicalcomposition,soastomakepicturesorsoundsinthereader’smindbycallingupspecificdetailsofthework.(44)________.Processwritingexplainsaseriesofactionsthatbringaboutaresult.(45)________.Thiskindofwritingisoftenfoundinart,whereunderstandinghowanarthascreatedacertaineffectisimportant.(46)_________.PartⅣReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Infamilieswithtwoworkingparents,fathersmayhavemoreimpactonachild’slanguagedevelopmentthanmothers,anewstudysuggests.Researchers4792familiesform11childcarecentersbeforetheirchildrenwereayearold,interviewingeachtoestablishincome,levelofeducationandchildcarearrangements.Overall,itwasagroupofwell-class94families,withmarriedparentsbothlivinginthehome.Whenthechildrenwere2,researchersvideotapedthemathomeinfree-playsessionswithbothparents,48alloftheirspeech.ThestudywillappearintheNovemberissueofTheJournalofAppliedDevelopmentalPsychology.Thescientistsmeasuredthe49numberofutterance(话语)oftheparents,thenumberofdifferentwordstheyused,thecomplexityoftheirsentencesandother50oftheirspeech.Onaverage,fathersspokelessthanmothersdid,buttheydidnotdifferinthelengthofutterancesorproportionofquestionsasked.Finally,theresearchers51thechildren’sspeechatage3,usingastandardizedlanguagetest.Theonlypredictorsofhighscoresonthetestwerethemother’slevelofeducation,the52ofchildcareandthenumberofdifferentwordsthefatherused.Theresearchersare53whythefather’sspeech,andnotthemother’s,hadaneffect.“It’swell54thatthemother’slanguagedoeshaveanimpact,”saidNadyaPancsofar,theleadauthorofthestudy.Itcouldbethatthehigh-functioningmothersinthestudyhad55hadastronginfluenceontheirchildren’sspeechdevelopment,Ms.Pancsofarsaid,“oritmaybethatmothersare56inawaywedidn’tmeasureinthestudy.”注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。A)alreadyB)analyzedC)aspectsD)charactersE)contributingF)describingG)establishedH)qualityI)quotedJ)recordingK)recruitedL)totalM)unconsciousN)unsureO)yetSectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Throughoutthislong,tenseelection,everyonehasfocusedonthepresidentialcandidatesandhowthey’llchangeAmerica.Rightlyso,butselfishly,I’mmorefascinatedbyMichelleObamaandwhatshemightbeabletodo,notjustforthiscountry,butformeasanAfrican-Americanwoman.AsthepotentialFirstLady,shewouldhavetheworld’sattention.AndthatmeansthatforthefirsttimepeoplewillhaveachancetogetupcloseandpersonalwiththetypeofAfrican-Americanwomantheysorarelysee.95Usually,thelivesofblackwomengolargelyunexamined.Theprevailingtheoryseemstobethatwe’reallhot-temperedsinglemotherswhocan’tkeepaman.Evenintheworldofmake-believe,blackwomenstillcan’tescapethestereotypeofbeingeye-rolling,oversexedfemalesraisedbyournever-married,alcoholic(酗酒的)mothers.Theseimageshavehelpeddefinethewayallwomenareviewed,includingMichelleObama.Beforesheevergetsthechancetocommittoacause,charityorfoundationasFirstLady,hermosturgentandperhapsmostcomplicateddutymaybesimpletobeherself.Itwon’tbeeasy.Becausefewmainstreampublicationshavedonein-depthfeaturesonregularAfrican-Americanwomen,littleisknownaboutwhoweare,whatwethinkandwhatwefaceonaregularbasis.Forbetterorworse,Michellewillrepresentusall.Justasshewillhavehercritics,shewillalsohavemillionsoffanswhousuallyhavelittleinterestintheFirstLady.ManyAfrican-Americanblogshavewrittenaboutwhatthey’dliketoseeMichellebringtotheWhiteHouse—mainlyshowingtheworldthatablackwomancansupporthermanandraiseastrongblackfamily.Michellewillhavetoworktopleaseeveryone—animpossibletask.ButformanyAfrican-Americanwomenlikeme,justalittleofherpoise(沉着),confidenceandintelligencewillgoalongwayinchanginganimagethat’sbeenaroundforfartoolong.57.WhydoesMichelleObamaholdastrongfascinationfortheauthor?A)SheservesasarolemodelforAfricanwomen.B)ShepossessesmanyadmirablequalitiesbecomingaFirstLady.C)ShewillpresenttotheworldanewimageofAfrican-Americanwomen.D)ShewillpaycloserattentiontotheinterestsofAfrican-Americanwomen.58.WhatisthecommonstereotypeofAfrican-Americanwomenaccordingtotheauthor?A)Theyarevictimsofviolence.B)Theyareofaninferiorviolence.C)Theyusequitealotofbodylanguage.D)Theyliveoncharityandsocialwelfare.59.WhatdomanyAfrican-Americanswriteaboutintheirblogs?A)WhetherMichellecanliveuptothehighexpectationsofherfans.B)HowMichelleshouldbehaveasapublicfigure.96C)HowproudtheyaretohaveablackwomanintheWhiteHouse.D)WhatMichelleshoulddoaswifeandmotherintheWhiteHouse.60.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutMichelleObamaasaFirstLady?A)Howevermanyfansshehas,sheshouldremainmodest,B)Sheshouldn’tdisappointtheAfrican-Americancommunity.C)Howeverhardshetries,shecan’texpecttopleaseeverybody.D)ShewillgiveprioritytoAfrican-Americanwomen’sconcerns.61.WhatdomanyAfrican-AmericanwomenhopeMichelleObamawilldo?A)Helpchangetheprevailingviewaboutblackwomen.B)HelpherhusbandinthetaskofchangingAmerica.C)OutshinepreviousFirstLady.D)Fullydisplayherfinequalities.PassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whennextyear’scropofhigh-schoolgraduatesarriveatOxfordUniversityinthefallof2009,they’llbejoinedbyanewface;AndrewHamilton,the55-year-oldprovost(教务长)ofYale,who’llbecomeOxford’svice-chancellor—apositionequivalenttouniversitypresidentinAmerica.Hamiltonisn’ttheonlyeducatorcrossingtheAtlantic.SchoolsinFrance,Egypt,Singapore,etc,havealsorecentlymadetop-levelhiresfromabroad.Highereducationhasbecomeabigandcompetitivebusinessnowadays,andlikesomanybusinesses,it’sgoneglobal.Yetthetalentflowisn’tuniversal.High-levelpersonneltendtoheadinonlyonedirection:outwardfromAmerica.ThechiefreasonisthatAmericanschoolsdon’ttendtoseriouslyconsiderlookingabroad.Forexample,whentheboardoftheUniversityofColoradosearchedforanewpresident,itwantedaleaderfamiliarwiththestategovernment,amajorsourceoftheuniversity’sbudget.“Wedidn’tdoanyglobalconsideration,”saysPatriciaHayes,theboard’schair.TheboardultimatelypickedBruceBenson,a69-year-oldColoradobusinessmanandpoliticalactivist(活动家)whoislikelytodowellinthemaintaskofmodernuniversitypresidents:fund-raising.Fund-raisingisadistinctivelyAmericanthing,sinceU.S.schoolsrelyheavilyondonations.Thefund-raisingabilityislargelyaproductofexperienceandnecessity.ManyEuropeanuniversities,meanwhile,arestillmostly97dependentongovernmentfunding.Butgovernmentsupporthasfailedtokeeppacewithrisingstudentnumber.Thedeclineingovernmentsupporthasmadefunding-raisinganincreasingnecessaryabilityamongadministratorsandhashiringcommitteeshungryforAmericans.Inthepastfewyears,prominentschoolsaroundtheworldhavejoinedthetrend.In2003,whenCambridgeUniversityappointedAlisonRichard,anotherformerYaleprovost,asitsvice-chancellor,theuniversitypubliclystressedthatinherpreviousjobshehadoverseen“amajorstrengtheningofYale’sfinancialposition.”Ofcourse,fund-raisingisn’ttheonlyskilloutsidersoffer.Theglobalizationofeducationmeansmoreuniversitieswillbeseekingheadswithinternationalexperienceofsomekindofpromoteinternationalprogramsandattractaglobalstudentbody.Foreignerscanofferafreshperspectiveonestablishedpractices.62.Whatisthecurrenttrendinhighereducationdiscussedinthepassage?A)InstitutionsworldwidearehiringadministratorsfromtheU.S.B)Alotofpoliticalactivistsarebeingrecruitedasadministrators.C)Americanuniversitiesareenrollingmoreinternationalstudents.D)Universitypresidentsarepayingmoreattentiontofunding-raising.63.WhatisthechiefconsiderationofAmericanuniversitieswhenhiringtop-leveladministrators?A)Thepoliticalcorrectness.B)Theirabilitytoraisefunds.C)Theirfameinacademiccircles.D)Theiradministrativeexperience.64.WhatdowelearnaboutEuropeanuniversitiesfromthepassage?A)Thetuitionstheychargehavebeenrisingconsiderably.B)Theiroperationisunderstrictgovernmentsupervision.C)Theyarestrengtheningtheirpositionbyglobalization.D)Mostoftheirrevenuescomefromthegovernment.65.CambridgeUniversityappointedAlisonRichardasitsvice-chancellorchieflybecause_____.A)shewasknowntobegoodatraisingmoneyB)shecouldhelpstrengthenitstieswithYaleC)sheknewhowtoattractstudentsoverseasD)shehadboostedYale’sacademicstatus9866.Inwhatwaydotop-leveladministratorsfromabroadcontributetouniversitydevelopment?A)Theycanenhancetheuniversity’simage.B)Theywillbringwiththemmoreinternationalfaculty.C)Theywillviewalotofthingsfromanewperspective.D)Theycansetupnewacademicdisciplines.PartⅤCloze(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Olderpeoplemustbegivenmorechancestolearniftheyaretocontributetosocietyratherthanbeafinancialburden,accordingtoanewstudyonpopulationpublishedrecently.Thecurrentpeopleapproachwhich67onyoungerpeopleandonskillsforemploymentisnot68tomeetthechallengesofdemographic(人口结构的)change,itsays.Only1%oftheeducationbudgetis69spentontheoldestthirdofthepopulation.The70includethefactthatmostpeoplecanexpecttospendathirdoftheirlivesin71,thattherearenowmorepeopleover59thanunder16andthat11.3millionpeopleare72statepensionage.“73needstocontinuethroughoutlife.Ourhistoricconcentrationofpolicyattentionandresources74youngpeoplecannotmeetthenew75,”saysthereport’sauthor,ProfessorStephenMcNair.Themajor76ofoureducationbudgetisspentonpeoplebelowtheageof25.77peoplearechangingtheirjobs,78,partnersandlifestylesmoreoftenthan79,theyneedopportunitiestolearnateveryage80,somepeoplearestartingnewcareersintheir50sandlater.Peopleneedopportunitiestomakea“midlifereview”to81tothelaterstageofemployedlife,andtoplanforthetransition(过渡)82retirement,whichmaynowhappen83atanypointfrom50toover90,saysMcNair.Andthereshouldbemoremoney84tosupportpeopleinestablishinga85ofidentityandfindingconstructive86forthe“thirdage”,the20ormoreyearstheywillspendinhealthyretiredlife.67.A)operatesB)focusesC)countsD)depends68.A)superiorB)regularC)essentialD)adequate69.A)currentlyB)barelyC)anxiouslyD)heavily9970.A)regulationsB)obstaclesC)challengesD)guidelines71.A)enjoymentB)retirementC)stabilityD)inability72.A)overB)afterC)acrossD)beside73.A)IndentifyingB)LearningC)InstructingD)Practicing74.A)atB)byC)inD)on75.A)desiresB)realmsC)needsD)intentions76.A)measureB)ratioC)areaD)portion77.A)WhenB)UntilC)WhetherD)Before78.A)neighborsB)moodsC)homesD)minds79.A)ageB)everC)previouslyD)formerly80.A)ForexampleB)BycontrastC)InparticularD)Onaverage81.A)transformB)yieldC)adjustD)suit82.A)withinB)fromC)beyondD)to83.A)unfairlyB)unpredictablyC)instantlyD)indirectly84.A)reliableB)considerableC)availableD)feasible85.A)senseB)conscienceC)projectD)definition86.A)ranksB)assetsC)idealsD)rolesPartVITranslation(5minutes)Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.87.Youwouldnothavefailedifyou__________________________(按照我的指令去做).88.Despitethehardshipheencountered,Marknever______________(放弃对知识的追求).89.Scientistsagreethatitwillbealongtime______________(我们找到治愈癌症的方法).90.Productionhastobeincreasedconsiderablyto__________________(与消费者不断增长的需求保持同步).91.Themoreexerciseyoutake,________________________(你越不大可能得感冒).2009年12月大学英语四级考试答案详解PartⅠWriting审题谋篇本次四级作文主题为“绿色校园”，这是一个看似简单普通的话题，写起来却不是那么容易。因为很多考生对于“绿色校园”所表达的内涵感觉比较生僻。假如对“绿色校园”这一主题感到难以把握考生可以从作文提纲入手进行分析以获取对“绿色校园”这一概念的相关信息。根据作文提示2，可以看出此处的“绿色校园”指的决不仅仅是青青的草地和高大的树木构成的校园绿色风景，也不仅仅指对校园环境的珍视和爱护，而是指一种环境保护的文化氛围和师生具有的环境素养，以及由此带来的和谐的人文环境和社会绩效。在100深入理解概念的基础上，考生还应对“绿色校园”的重要性进行剖析，这时，考生可以从多个角度组织素材，比如从校园的环境问题出发，进而扩展到师生的环境意识对“绿色校园”所产生的长远意义以及为未来环境改善所做的贡献。最后是阐述建设“绿色校园”所要采取的措施。需要注意的就是作文给分的重点在于考生如何用恰当的语言词汇表达自己的思想观点。而不是写得越多，得分就越高。一般分成三个自然段，大概十句话，基本的分布为首段、末段合起来五句或六句，中间段五句或四句，做到结构清楚，重点突出，就可以了。参考范文CreatingaGreenCampusRecently,withtheideaofmakingandmaintaining“agreenearth”beingthefocusofthesociety,“greencampus”hasbecomeamoreandmorepopularconceptinuniversitiesorcolleges,which,undoubtedly,willbringusanever-lastingbenefittobothourcampusandoursociety.Theconceptof“greencampus”doesnotonlymeanagreenenvironmentbutalsoreferstoanenvironmentalsenseinpeople’smind.Campusplaysacrucialroleineducatingtheyounggenerationandtheconsciousnessof“greencampus”willdefinitelyproduceaprofoundeffectonstudents’variousenvironmentalprotectionactivitiesaftertheirgraduation.What’smore,theyounggenerationisundertheburdenofsevereenvironmentalpollutionandtherearemanyproblemswaitingforthemtosolve.Tomake“greencampus”cometrue,firstly,itisnecessarytoworkouteffectiveprinciplesforthedevelopmentofsustainableandrecyclablecampus.Secondly,itcallsforpeople’sawarenessoftheseriouspollutionaroundusandactualactiontoreducethewaste.Lastbutnotleast,itisnecessarytostrengthenthetiesbetweencampusandsociety,soastoensurethat“greencampus”canworksmoothlywiththeco-effortofthewholesociety.建设绿色校园近来，随着建设并保持“绿色地球”的观念成为社会关注的焦点，“绿色校园”也成为校园里流行的话题。这无疑会给我们的校园和社会带来长远的利益。“绿色校园”不仅仅指绿色的环境，还包括人们头脑中的环境意识。学校在培养年轻一代上起着关键作用，“绿色校园”的意识必定会对学生毕业后的环境保护意识产生长远影响。更为重要的是，年轻一代面临着严重的环境污染，有太多问题等待他们去解决。为使“绿色校园”成为现实，首先应该制定出可持续发展、可长远发展的有效政策。其次，还需要人们对环境污染的严肃性有正确认识并采取实际行动切实减少污染。最后但同样重要的是，有必要加强学校和社会的联系以便在全社会共同努力下使“绿色校园”顺利实施。范文点评范文以“绿色校园”开篇，保证了文章切题。第一段开门见山，101强调当今环保理念下构建“绿色校园”的长远意义。第二段，着重讨论“绿色校园”的含义，指出“绿色校园”不仅指校园中的绿化，还指生活在校园中的人们的绿色和环保意识，把校园这个小环境和社会这个大环境结合起来，说理更加深刻。第三段是谈及具体的做法分一、二、三点进行论述，无疑是使“绿色校园”的理念落在实处。结构完整，首尾呼应，用词准确。关系词的正确使用让句与句之间、段与段之间衔接紧凑，思想表达成熟有深度。【生动的用词】maintain保持;concept概念;profound长远的;sustainable可持续的;recyclable可循环的。【丰富的短语】bringbenefitto带来利益;playacrucialrolein发挥关键作用;undertheburdenof在……重负下;cometrue实现;callfor要求。【多变的句式】范文中长句、短句、简单句、复杂句交叉使用。不同句型之间的转换，能让阅卷老师更好地了解考生对句子结构的掌握运用，从而获得高分。避错指导本次作文在题材上，虽然仍然延续了我们所熟悉校园类话题，但与社会背景有很大关系。刚刚闭幕的哥本哈根世界气候大会使环保减排这个主题成为焦点，在全世界都提倡可持续发展、和谐发展这一背景下的“绿色校园”，同时也是一个社会热点话题，这是我们审题时所必须考虑的。另外开篇时，切忌拖泥带水，应直截了当，使阅卷老师对文章主题一目了然。除正确审题之外，考生还应注意语言的准确运用，不落俗套。不同句型之间转换时，考生应对句子结构全面掌握，避免句式错误造成扣分。最后，应尽量避免单词拼写错误。本次作文常见的卷面拼写错误如下表：正确拼写词性及词义错误的拼写focusn.焦点focuseeffectn.影响effection/affectenvironmentn.环境envirment/invironmentburdenn.负担burdonsolvev.解决sloveseriousa.严肃的seroustruea.真的turesocietyn.社会soceitytheoryn.理论thery总之，考生在构思和写作过程中要尽可能做到思路完整，恰如其分地选择词汇。毕竟，无错表达才是四级语言表达合格的核心。能力拓展【同义词转换】作文表达除了准确，还要做到句式多变，词汇灵活多样。1.realize→beawareof意识到We’dbetterbeawareoftheseriousnessofpollutionaroundus.我们最好意识到周围污染的严峻性。2.keep→preserve保持Itisnecessarytoeducatethestudentstobeconscious102oftheimportancetopreservetheenvironment.有必要教育学生意识到保护环境的重要性。3.lead→conduct引导Thiswillhelpconducttheactivitiesofthecollegestudents.这有助于引导大学生的行为。【话题备考锦囊】6.Theideaof“agreencampus”isbeyondagreenenvironment.“绿色校园”绝不仅仅是一个绿色环境。7.Theconstructionof“agreencampus”willgreatlystimulatestudentstotakepartinvariousenvironmentalprotectionactivities.建设“绿色校园”将会极大激励学生参与环境保护。8.Tobring“agreencampus”toitsfullplay,effectivemeasuresshouldbetaken.为全面实施“绿色校园”，必须采取有效措施。9.Campusconstructionisofvitalimportancenotonlytothephysicaldevelopmentofstudentsbuttotheirmentalhealthaswell.校园建设不仅对学生的身体发展很重要，而且对他们的心理健康也很重要。10.Thereislittledoubtthatfurtherconsiderationmustbepaidtoourgreencampus.毫无疑问，对于绿色校园应该给与更多的思考。【话题词汇拓展】devastationn.毁坏disastrousa.损失惨重的doomv.厄运，毁灭existencen.存在，生活healthfula.健康的messya.肮脏的，凌乱的participationn.分享，参与preservev.保存，保护preventivea.预防性的purifyv.澄清，净化stimulationn.激励，鼓舞arouseconsciousness唤起意识命题风向标本次作文难度适中，与之前考试中出现的“限塑”主题有千丝万缕的联系。考生要想在本次作文中获取高分，除了审题恰当独到，还要有扎实的语言基础。如本文主题“绿色校园”可以采用多种表达greencampus和environmental-friendlycampus;“绿色校园的构建”可以使用create，buildup，establish和construct等，以体现考生对词汇多样性的积累。从关注白色污染到关注博物馆免费开放，再到绿色校园构建，四级作文命题重点在侧重校园类话题的同时开始向与大学生生活有关的话题转移。由此也凸显了对历年真题分析的重要意义。更多地立足真题，总结规律，切实提高自己语言能力，始终是四级作文备考的根本。PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)103篇章结构核心词汇1.aidn.①帮助，援助②助手v.帮助，援助【用】financialaid经济援助;meritaid/Merit-based奖学金need-basedaid助学金或经济资助;foreignaid外援，对外援助;hearingaid助听器;aidsandappliances用具，设备【搭】inaidto用来帮助，起……作用;leadone’said(to)援助，给予帮助;inaidof作为援助……之用【拓】aidancen.协助，帮助;aidanta.帮助的;aideda.辅助的2.projectv.①设计②发射n.事业，计划，工程【用】ProjectHope希望工程;projectmanager项目经理;projectplan项目规划;projectbudget项目预算，工程预算【拓】projectionn.突出，发射;projectinga.突出的3.selectivea.选择性的4.【用】selectiveanalysis重点分析;selectivebreeding选择育种，选择性繁殖【拓】selectv.挑选，选拔a.精选的;selectionn.选择，挑选，选集5.packagen.包裹;套装软件，程序包a.一揽子的【用】packagedesign包装设计;packageagreement一揽子安排一揽子方案;packageholiday(旅行社安排一切的)一揽子旅游;packagetour包办旅行(路线、地点、时间和费用等均作统一规定和安排的旅游);packageprogram组装程序【拓】packn.包装，背包v.包装，压紧;packageda.袋装的;packagern.打包机6.rankinga.头等的;n.等级，地位【用】rankinglist排名;rankingmethod等级法，排序法【拓】rankn.等级;队列;v.排列，列队7.grantv.①授予②承认;n.①授予物②拨款【用】grantofapatent授予专利权【搭】take…forgranted认为……是理所当然;Granted/Grantingthat即使……(也)【拓】grantsn.补助金，津贴(grant的复数)8.enrolv.登记，入学，参军，注册【搭】enrolin选课，参加【拓】enrollmentn.登记，入伍;enrolleen.入学者，入伍者9.eliminatev.消除，排除104【用】eliminateilliteracy扫盲;eliminatepoverty消除贫困eliminatenoise消除噪声【拓】eliminate是指把已进入者从中排除;excludev.指把想进入者拒之门外10.qualifyv.使具有资格，证明……合格【用】qualifyingexamination资格考试，初试;qualifyingcompetition预选赛，资格赛【搭】qualifyas取得……资格，作为……合适;qualifyfor有……的资格，合格【拓】qualifieda.有资格的，合格的11.excelv.胜过，优于，擅长n.[计算机]软件名称【搭】toexcelin/at(在某方面)胜过(或超过)别人;toexcelinmusic擅长音乐【拓】excellenta.极好的，卓越的;excellencen.优秀，长处12.submitv.使服从，提交【用】submitoneselftodiscipline遵守纪律;submitregistration提交登记表，提交注册【搭】submitto服从;submit…to将……呈交给【拓】submissionn.服从，投降试题详解1.【原题译文】随着越来越多的低收入学生追求高等教育，一些学院__。B【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是moreandmore，low-incomestudents和pursuinghighereducation。由此即可定位到原文第二段，全文的主旨段。【篇章分析】原文第二段指出：“Butwithlow-incomestudentsprojectedtomakeupanever-largershareofthecollege-boundpopulationincomingyears,someschoolsarere-examiningwhetherthataid,typicallyknownasmeritaid,isthemosteffectiveuseofpreciousinstitutionaldollars.”原文中withlow-incomestudentsprojectedtomakeupanever-largershareofthecollege-boundpopulation和题干中withmoreandmorelow-incomestudentspursuinghighereducation意思一致;原文中re-examining和B选项中revise意思相同。所以答案为B。2.【原题译文】位于米德维尔的阿勒格尼学院三年前做了什么?D【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是大学名称AlleghenyCollegeinMeadville和do，由此定位到原文第三段。【篇章分析】原文第三段指出：“GeorgeWashingtonUniversityinWashington,D.C.,forexample,saidlastweekthatitwouldcutthevalueofitsaveragemeritscholarshipsbyaboutone-thirdandreducethenumberofrecipients(接受者),pouringthesavings,about$2.5million,intoneed-basedaid.AlleghenyCollegeinMeadville,Pa.,madeasimilardecisionthreeyearsago.”题目中的D项Itcutitsmerit-basedaidhelptheneedystudents与原文cutthevalueofitsaveragemeritscholarshipsbyaboutone-thirdandreducethenumberofrecipients,pouringthesavings,about$2.5million,intoneed-basedaid意思相同，所以答案为D。3.【原题译文】有排名意识的大学提供奖学金的主要目的是__。105C【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是rankings-conscious和purpose，由此可定位到原文第七段。【篇章分析】原文第七段指出：“Butforrankings-consciousschoolsinbetween,meritaidhasservedprimarilyasatooltorecruittopstudentsandtoimprovetheiracademicprofiles.”原文中的recruit表示“招收”，和答案C中的attract意思相似，所以答案为C。4.【原题译文】汉密尔顿的入学和助学金办公室主任莫尼卡•英泽相信__。D【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是MonicaInzer,deanofadmissionandfinancialaidatHanilton，由此可定位到原文第十段。【篇章分析】原文第十段指出：“tobediscountingthepriceforfamiliesthatdon’tneedfinancialaiddoesn’tfeelrightanymore.”原文与D项it’snotrighttogiveaidtothosewhocanaffordthetuition意思相同，所以答案为D。5.【原题译文】近年来，奖学金的增长比助学金快得多，是因为__。B【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是merit-basedaid和increased，由此即可定位到原文第十二段第二句。【篇章分析】原文第十二段第二句指出：“typicallyinabidtoenrolltopstudentsinthestate’spublicinstitutions.”inabidto可以理解为“为了……，力求……”。enrolltopstudentsinthestate’spublicinstitutions符合原题意思，所以答案为B6.【原题译文】依大卫•莱尔德来看，许多私立学院对奖学金的态度是什么?A【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是DavidLaird，attitude，privatecolleges和meritaid，由此即可定位到原文第十四段。【篇章分析】原文第十四段指出：“DavidLaird,presidentoftheMinnesotaPrivateCollegeCouncil,saysmanyofhisschoolswouldliketoreducetheirmeritaid”。原文和答案A项Theywouldliketoseeitreduced意思一致，所以答案为A。7.【原题译文】为什么阿勒格尼学院不打算完全取消奖学金?C【快速解题】本题的题干是AlleghenyCollege和dropmeritaid。由此即可定位到原文第十六段。【篇章分析】原文第十六段指出：“Acomplicatingfactoristhatmeritaidhasbecomesopopularwithmiddle-incomefamilies,whodon’tqualifyforneed-basedaid,thatmanyhavetodependonit.”。原文中dependon和答案C选项中的relyon意思相同，所以答案为C。8.qualified【原题译文】每年是否可以继续享受学术奖学金取决于奖学金得主是否继续________。【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是annualrenewal，academic，meritscholarships和recipient，由此即可定位到原文Afewwordsaboutmerit-basedaid这一部分。106【篇章分析】原文Afewwordsaboutmerit-basedaid部分第四句指出：“Thesemeritscholarshipsusuallyhelpstudentspaytuitionbills,andtheycanberenewedeachyearaslongastherecipientscontinuetoqualify”。这些奖学金通常帮助学生交纳学费，只要他们继续符合条件，每年都可以继续享受。原文中的eachyear在本题中被换成了annual，原文中的renewed在本题中被换成了名词renewal，原文中的continue被转换成了remain，所以本题应该填形容词qualified。9.recognizes【原题译文】体育奖学金申请者要求有______其在运动方面有杰出表现的教练或裁判的推荐。【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是athletic和acoachorareferee，由此即可定位到原文Afewwordsaboutmerit-basedaid这一部分第三段。【篇章分析】原文Afewwordsaboutmerit-basedaid这一部分第三段：“Recommendationforthisscholarshipsisrequired,sinceexceptionalathleticperformancehastoberecognizedbyacoachorareferee(裁判).”本奖学金必须有人推荐，因为杰出的运动表现必须得到教练或裁判的认可。题目把原文的被动结构变成了主动，而acoachorareferee是第三人称单数，所以本题应该填的答案是recognizes。10.excellence【原题译文】艺术奖学金要求申请者必须提交能表明其在某一领域______的证明。【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是applicants，artisticmeritscholarships，produceevidence和show，由此可定位到原文Afewwordsaboutmerit-basedaid这一部分第四段。【篇章分析】原文Afewwordsaboutmerit-basedaid这一部分第四段指出：“Artisticmeritscholarshipsrequirethatapplicantsexcelinagivenartisticarea”。艺术奖学金要求申请者在一定艺术领域有突出表现。原文中的inagivenartisticfield和题目中的inaparticularartisticfield同义，题目中需要填的是动词show的宾语，即一个名词，而原句中对应的excel却是动词词性，需要变成名词形式，所以答案就是excel的名词形式excellence。全文精译大学重新审视奖学金的价值许多大学给予学生经济资助时，最重要的依据仍然是学生良好的评估等级和较高的试卷分数。但是在未来几年里，预计低收入家庭的学生数占大学生总数的比例越来越大。一些学校正在重新考虑奖学金是否是利用大学宝贵的资金最有效的途径。例如，华盛顿特区的乔治•华盛顿大学上周公布说将削减约三分之一的奖学金，减少奖学金得主数，而将节省下来的大约250万美元用于助学金。位于宾夕法尼亚州米德维尔的阿勒格尼学院三年前也做出了类似的决定。纽约克林顿市的哈密尔顿学院说它将逐步淘汰奖学金。该规定不会使现有的奖学金得主失去奖学金，助学金制度将从2008年秋天入107学的学生开始实行。并不是所有的大学都提供奖学金;一般来说，淘汰率越高的学校，越不太可能提供奖学金。例如，哈佛大学和普林斯顿大学慷慨地提供了各种助学金，但是许多不符合助学条件的家庭为了上名牌大学不管付多少钱都愿意。对于规模较小的地方性学院来说，他们只是努力填满空缺，奖学金只是财政收入的重要来源，因为许多奖学金得主仍需支付比奖学金金额更高的学费，而正是这些学费维持大学的运转。但是对于有排名意识的学校，奖学金已经成为招收一流学生和改善他们的学术效益的一种主要工具。斯基德莫尔大学的经济学家桑迪•波美说，“他们试图购买学生”。研究表明奖学金存在一种倾向，即大部分奖学金得主不依靠奖学金仍能支付得起学费。“展望未来，更迫切需要的助学金投资”，汉密尔顿的入学和助学金办公室主任莫尼卡•英泽说。汉密尔顿大学已提供10年的奖学金。在这段时间里，在《美国新闻和世界报导》对最好的文学院的排名中，它从第25名上升到第17名。奖学金每年帮助了大约75名学生，或大约4%的学生，花费大约为一年1百万美元，“奖学金给我们带来了好处”，英泽说，但“奖学金这种变相优惠学费的做法对不需要经济援助的家庭来说，似乎不妥。”助学金目前仍是学生接受资助的主要方式，包括国家助学金、联邦助学金和机构助学金。但是，从总体上和大学层面上来看，主要由学校和州提供的奖学金增长速度很快。一项由美国宾州州立大学教授唐纳德•海勒主持的研究报告表明在1995-96和2003-04年之间，仅就大学的奖学金而言，增加了212%，而助学金增加了47%。至少有15个州也提供奖学金，通常是为了在公立大学中招收优等生。但是近年来，越来越多的批评已经迫使大学开始减少这种做法。汉密尔顿和其他大学最近的决策可能是“一种迹象，表明人们开始意识到这种破坏性的竞争”，波美说。波美与他人合作，共同发表了一份《大学报告》，对于大学资助不是建立在需要的基础之上表示担忧。明尼苏达私立大学委员会主席大卫•莱尔德认为，很多私立学校想减少奖学金，但害怕这样做，会使优秀学生流失到他们的竞争对手那里去。“没有人可以采取单方面行动，”莱尔德说。他正在探索是否能获得联邦反托拉斯法的豁免，以使会员大学可以讨论如何共同降低奖学金。“这是一个跑得很快的旋转木马，没有大学相信他们能承受摆脱木马束缚的风险。”一个复杂因素就是，奖学金已经在不符合助学金条件的中产阶级家庭中变得很受欢迎，结果许多家庭都依靠它。并且，随着学费不断增加，奖助学金之间的界限也变得模糊了。这是阿勒格尼大学并不打算完全取消奖学金的理由之一。“我们仍然相信对成绩优异者进行奖励的效用，好学生很重视奖学金”，阿勒格尼大学负责招生的副校长斯科特•弗利达霍夫说。位于亚特兰大的艾莫利大学以拥有47亿美元的捐赠而自豪。同时该校拟采取新政策。今年，该大学宣布将取消特困生贷款，同时对108中产阶级家庭的贷款进行限额，但它将扩大其已有28年历史的奖学金项目。“是的，我们在玩奖学金游戏，”负责大学本科教育的副院长汤姆兰•卡斯特承认。但这也有它的优势，他说，“事实上，这不仅仅关系到低收入人群，它还关系到无缘问津助学金、普通的美国中产阶级家庭。”关于奖学金制度的几点补充奖学金是向在某一领域杰出的学生提供的资助，通常是指学术、体育和艺术奖学金。学术奖学金是以学生在高中阶段的分数，平均成绩和学术表现为基础。它们通常是专门为学生在高中毕业后直接进入大学而设置的然而，还有为学习成绩格外突出的在校大学生准备的奖学金。这些奖学金通常帮助学生交纳学费，只要他们继续符合条件，每年都可以继续享受。某些情况下，学生在申请过程中可能需要学校或者一位教师推荐。运动奖学金是为在任何一种体育运动中突出的学生设置的奖学金，从足球到田径项目。本奖学金必须有人推荐，因为杰出的运动表现必须得到教练或裁判的认可。申请者需要寄送包含他们最佳表现的一盘磁带。艺术奖学金要求申请者在一定艺术领域有突出表现。一般包括创作领域，如艺术、设计、时装、音乐、舞蹈或写作。申请艺术奖学金，通常要求学生提供一个选辑，它可以包括艺术作品集、音乐表演录像或舞蹈的视频PartⅢListeningComprehensionSectionA试题详解11.A)Getsomesmallchange.A)换取零钱。B)Findashoppingcenter.B)找一个购物中心。C)Cashacheckatabank.C)在银行兑现支票。D)Findaparkingmeter.D)找一个停车计费器。【听音指导】选项均缺少主语，属于细节题加转折题型，预读时无需关注句意，直接找相似场景即可，并且按照听力短对话规律，重点仍然在女士话语当中，典型的“转折”出答案题型。【正确项分析】由but后的moneychanger可知男生需要换零钱可快速排除选项B(购物中心)和选项D(停车)二个场景，答案应在选项A、C当中。C选项虽也和“钱”有关，但对话中对该选项中的银行只字未提，由此可知答案为选项A。【原文及译文】M:Excuseme.Doyouhavechangeforaten-dollarnote?Ineedtopaytheparkingmeter.W:I’msorry,butIthinkyoucangetitthroughthemoneychangerintheshoppingcenteracrossthestreet.Q:Whatisthemantryingtodo?男士：打扰一下，你能给我换开一张10美元的钞票吗?我需要支付停车费。女士：很抱歉，但我觉得你可以到马路对面的购物中心里的货币兑换中换取零钱。问题：男士要干什么?109【词汇点拨】parkingmeter停车计费器;cashacheck支票兑现;changen.零钱12.A)Shoppingwithhisson.A)与儿子一起购物。B)Buyingagiftforachild.B)给孩子买礼物。C)Promotinganewproduct.C)促销新产品。D)Bargainingwithasalesgirl.D)与女售货员讨价还价。【听音指导】预览选项，可发现均缺少主语，与11题一样，属于细节题加建议题型，直接寻找相似场景即可，可快速排除选项C，因为只有C选项是关于“出售”(促销)，而其它选项都和“购买”有关;答案应在选项A、B、D中。【正确项分析】女士话语仍具有绝对指导意义，非常简单的建议考点，竟然直接用到了suggest，其后必有答案，女生提到toytrain和brand，加上男生说的schoolboy，可确定答案为选项B。【干扰项分析】A选项中的son是无中生有，切忌主观猜测。选项D可在听时排除，原文中并无任何涉及关于“还价”或具体金额的内容。【原文及译文】M:Canyourecommendsomethingthataschoolboyof7or8willreallylike?W:I’dsuggestthistoytrain,sir.It’sanexcellentbrand.Verypopularallovertheworldthesedays.Q:Whatisthemandoing?男士：你能给我推荐一个七八岁学童真正喜欢的东西吗?女士：我给你推荐这款玩具火车。这是一个优秀的品牌。在世界各地都非常受欢迎。问题：男士正在做什么?【词汇点拨】recommendv.推荐;brandn.品牌;promotev.促销;bargainv.讨价还价13.A)Takingphotographs.A)拍照。B)Enhancingimages.B)突显形象。C)Mendingcameras.C)修理相机。D)Paintingpictures.D)画画。【听音指导】选项仍均缺少主语，属于细节考查题。选项D与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。第一句由女士发出，需仔细聆听，原文提到takingpictures(拍照)，由此确定话题方向。【正确项分析】女士说话中提到takingpictures，与选项A中的takingphotographs一致，答案为A选项。【原文及译文】W:Doyouletpeopleknowwhenyou’retakingpicturesofthem?M:Itrynotto.Youknowanypictureofapersonwhoposesforthecamerawouldlookdullandunnatural.Q:Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?女士：你给人们拍照时，会让他们知道吗?男士：尽量不让他们知道。你也知道一个人为拍照摆出的姿势看起来呆滞、不自然。问题：讲话人在谈论什么?【词汇点拨】posev.摆姿势n.姿势，姿态;enhancev.提高，110加强;imagen.图像，形象14.A)HemovedtoBaltimorewhenhewasyoung.A)他年轻的时候搬到巴尔的摩。B)Hecanprovidelittleusefulinformation.B)他提供不了太多有用信息。C)HewillshowthewomanaroundBaltimore.C)他将领女士参观巴尔的摩。D)Hewillasksomeoneelsetohelpthewoman.D)他将找其他人来帮助女士。【听音指导】此题考查意义解释题加转折题型，此类题型答案多为“听见什么不选什么”。本题需要对考生有一定的实力要求，属于可“失分”的题目。关注动词moveto，provide，showaround和ask。【正确项分析】经典转折考法，直接用but定位答案即可，男生说自己当时还很年轻，言下之意自己对当地情况不够了解。答案为B选项。【干扰项分析】根据四级听力中短对话“尾词错误原则”，即结尾内容听得越清楚越不能选，可顺利排除A选项。选项C没有提及。选项D与选项B为相似项，其中应有答案，男士并未主动提出找人帮忙，故排除选项D。【原文及译文】W:IneedtotalktosomeonewhoknowsBaltimorewell.I’mtoldyoulivedthere.M:Oh,butIwasreallyyoungatthetimeQ:Whatdoesthemanmean?女士：我需要找个非常了解巴尔的摩的人。我听说你曾在那里居住过。男士：哦，但是我那时候太年轻了。问题：男士是什么意思?【词汇点拨】showaround领……参观15.A)Heisratherdisappointed.A)他非常失望。B)Heishighlyambitious.B)他很有抱负。C)Hecan’tfaceuptothesituation.C)他不能面对处境。D)Heknowshisownlimitation.D)他知道自己的不足。【听音指导】预读四个选项时只有B提到了“正面、积极”的方向可初步排除。选项预读较难，但本题属于经典转折题型，关注相应标志词即可。but出现表示“前否后肯”，直接用but定位答案，就可选出正确选项。【正确项分析】原文是“承担责任前需要积累更多经验”，表明他知道自己的不足之处，与选项D同义。【干扰项分析】A选项中是rather，与原文的alittle不一致，可排除。C选项原文中未曾提及。【原文及译文】W:Aren’tyoudisappointedthatyoudidn’tgetthepromotion?M:Maybealittle,butIknowIneedmoreexperiencebeforeI’mreadyforthatkindofresponsibility.111Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthemanfromthisconversation?女士：你没有被提升，不觉得失望吗?男士：可能有一点，但我觉得承担责任前需要积累更多经验。问题：从此对话可以得知男士的什么信息?【词汇点拨】disappointeda.失望的;ambitiousa.有雄心的;promotionn.晋升;responsibilityn.责任16.A)Shemusthavepaidalotforthegym.A)她一定在健身房花了很多钱。B)Sheisknowntohaveaterrificfigure.B)她以身材好而闻名。C)Hergymexercisehasyieldedgoodresults.C)她的健身锻炼取得了很好的效果。D)Herefforttokeepfitisreallypraiseworthy.D)她努力健身的做法值得称赞。【听音指导】预读四个选项，可知选项A与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。选项B、C都是关于锻炼效果极佳的表达，按照惯例其中应该有答案。本题为意义解释题，同义替换是答案。【正确项分析】男士提到yourefforthaspaidoff，这与选项C中的hasyieldedgoodresults一致，故选择C项。【干扰项分析】男士赞扬女士身材好，但未曾提到她以此闻名，B选项可排除。男士也未称赞她的作法，故排除选项D。【原文及译文】W:I’vebeenworkingoutthegymsinceJanuary.Iwasabitoutofshape.M:Youlookterrific.Itseemsthatyourefforthaspaidoff.Q:Whatdoesthemanimplyaboutthewoman?女士：我从一月份一直在健身房锻炼。我之前都有些走形了。男士：现在你看起来很棒。看来你的努力没有白费。问题：男士暗示女士什么?【词汇点拨】gymn.健身房;yieldv.产生;keepfit保持体型workout体育锻炼;outofshape走形，走样;payoff得到好结果17.A)Femalestudentsareunfitforstudyingphysics.A)女学生不适合学习物理。B)Hecanserveasthewoman’stutor.B)他可以担当女士的家庭教师。C)Physicsisanimportantcourseatschool.C)在学校，物理是一门很重要的学科。D)Theprofessor’ssuggestionisconstructive.D)教授的建议是有建设性的。【听音指导】本题选项预读最难，找不出明显的相反或相似选项听前可暂时确定两组方向。选项A、C与物理有关，选项B、D是导师的建议，待场景明确后再排除。【正确项分析】首句用到suggest接着说到tutor场景明确，和选项B、D有关，排除选项A、C。首句ProfessorClarksuggestedIgetatutorforadvancedphysics，可知答案为选项D。112【原文及译文】W:ProfessorClarksuggestedIgetatutorforadvancedphysics.M:Well,thatmighthelp.Advancedphysicsisaprettydifficultcourse.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?女士：克拉克教授建议我得为高等物理找个家庭教师。男士：嗯，那可能有帮助。高等物理确实是一门比较难的科目。问题：男士的意思是什么?【词汇点拨】tutorn.家庭教师;constructivea.有益的，建设性的18.A)Indifferent.A)漠不关心的。B)Doubtful.B)怀疑的。C)Pleased.C)高兴的。D)Surprised.D)惊奇的。【听音指导】预读时可排除唯一的“积极”选项C。本题为加了“弦外之音”意义解释题，同义替换是答案，此类题有较少的明显的语言点可以指示答案，难度较大。听音时关注说话者的语气。【正确项分析】女士所谓的好消息是谈话的两个人都没有被炒鱿鱼。男士却既不兴奋，也没有表示怀疑，所以轻易排除选项B、C。因为他已经有点厌倦这份工作了，甚至想到要去辞职。与选项A意义相符。【原文及译文】W:Bill,haveyouheardthelatestnews?Itappearswetwowon’tbelaidoffafterall.M:Oh,I’msomewhattiredofworkinghere.I’vebeenwonderingwhetherIshouldresign.Anyway,thenewsseemstobegoodforyou.Q:Howdoesthemanfeelaboutthenews?女士：比尔，知道最新消息吗?好像我俩都没有被炒鱿鱼。男士：哦，我在这儿工作有些厌烦了，我一直在考虑我是否应该辞职。无论如何，这个消息对你来说是个好事。问题：男士对新闻是怎么看的?【词汇点拨】indifferenta.漠不关心的;doubtfula.持怀疑态度的;layoff解雇;resignv.辞职;betiredof…对……厌倦Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Heprefersthesmallereveningclasses.A)他更喜欢晚上的小班课程。B)Hehassignedupforadaycourse.B)他已经报名参加白天课程。C)Hehastoworkduringtheday.C)他白天上班。D)Hefindstheeveningcoursecheaper.D)他发现晚上课程更便宜。【听音指导】预览选项，选项A、D讨论eveningclass，选项B讲述daycourse，立刻可推测此长对话与课程有关，且该课程有dayclass和eveningclass之分。从这四个选项暗含的意义推测，男士应偏重于eveningclass，可初步推测，此题考查男士选择113eveningclass的原因。【正确项分析】原文中男士明确说明itwouldhavetobeaneveningcoursesinceIworkduringtheday，关键词在于since，正所谓“因果必考”，选项C与原文相符。20.A)Learnacomputerlanguage.A)学习一门计算机语言。B)Learndataprocessing.B)学习数据处理。C)Buysomecomputersoftware.C)买一些电脑软件。D)Buyafewcoursebooks.D)买一些课本。【听音指导】行为动作考查题，根据19题推测，本对话涉及报班由本题四个选项可知，所报课程与电脑有关，因为前三项均与computer有关。可知选项D与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。本题也为一细节题，在听力过程中，应适时记录相关信息。【正确项分析】女士先提到了Haveyoutakenanycoursesindataprocessing，在其后紧跟着又对其进行了解释dataprocessingisacourseyouhavetotakebeforeyoucantakecomputerprogramming。对于dataprocessing在对话中重复出现，且与问题相符，故选择B选项。21.A)Thursdayevening,from7:00to9:45.A)周四晚，7点至9点45分。B)FromSeptember1toNewYear’seve.B)从9月1号至新年前夕。C)EveryMonday,lastingfor12weeks.C)每周一，持续12周。D)Threehoursaweek,45hoursintotal.D)一星期三小时，总共45小时。【听音指导】由选项即可知本题考查数字的细节题，且考查的数字为持续的时间，初步推测为某一课程所持续的时间。所以如在听力过程中涉及数字都要作笔记，且应注意数字的上下文场景。【正确项分析】对该问题的回答，信息较分散，最初提到了everyMonday,from7to9:45。接下来在letmesee停顿之后出现答案12weeks，fromSeptember1toChristmaseve.整合以上信息，应选C。【干扰项分析】选项A错在Thursdayevening，原文中明确给出应该是Mondayevening。选项B中的NewYear’seve也是偷梁换柱应为Christmaseve。选项D涉及小计算，每晚3小时，持续12周，应大约总共36小时才正确。22.A)Whattobringforregistration.A)登记时需要带什么。B)Wheretoattendtheclass.B)到哪里去上课。C)HowhecangettoFrostHall.C)去弗罗斯特大厅怎么走。D)Whetherhecanuseacheck.D)他是否能用支票。【听音指导】根据“前二后二必考”原则，本题又为本对话的最后一题，此题必在文章后面出题。由四选项的形式可初步推测，本题考查的是问题的内容。【正确项分析】本题的问题直截了当，在原文中男士给出了明确的提问，IsthereanythingthatIshouldbringwithme?与选项A同义。114【干扰项分析】许多考生按照常理或主观臆测选定选项B，此项在原文中恰恰没有提到。原文中男士也明确表明Iknowhowtogetthere，选项C是多余的。文中虽提到checkbook，是女士对男士问题的回答，而非男士的发问，故排除。【原文及译文】W:Hello,ParksonCollege.MayIhelpyou?M:Yes.I’mlookingforinformationoncoursesincomputerprogramming.Iwouldneeditforthefallsemester.W:Doyouwantadayoreveningcourse?M:Well,itwouldhavetobeaneveningcoursesinceIworkduringtheday.W:Aha.Haveyoutakenanycoursesindataprocessing?M:No.W:Oh!Well,dataprocessingisacourseyouhavetotakebeforeyoucantakecomputerprogramming.M:Oh,Isee.Well,whenisitgiven?IhopeitisnotonThursdays.W:Well,there’saclassthatmeetsonMondayeveningsat7.M:Justonceaweek?W:Yes.Butthat’salmost3hoursfrom7to9:45.M:Oh!Well,that’salright.Icouldmanagethat.Howmanyweeksdoesthecourselast?W:Mm,letmesee.12weeks.YoustartthefirstweekinSeptember,andfinish,oh,justbeforeChristmas.December21st.M:Andhowmuchisthecourse?W:That’s300dollarsincludingthenecessarycomputertime.M:Ah-hum.Okay,Eh,wheredoIgotoregister?W:RegistrationisonthesecondandthirdofSeptemberbetween6and9inFrostHall.M:Isthattheroundbuildingbehindtheparkinglot?W:Yes,that’stheone.M:Oh,Iknowhowtogetthere.IsthereanythingthatIshouldbringwithme?W:No,justyourcheckbook.M:Well,thankyouverymuch.W:You’reverywelcome.Bye!M:Bye!19:Whydoesthemanchoosetotakeaneveningcourse?20:Whatdoesthemanhavetodobeforetakingthecourseofcomputerprogramming?21:Whatdowelearnaboutthescheduleoftheeveningcourse?22:Whatdoesthemanwanttoknowattheendoftheconversation?115女士：你好。帕克森大学，有什么事需要帮忙吗?男士：是的。我想咨询有关计算机程序设计课程的信息。我想在秋季学期上课。女士：白天上课还是晚上上课?男士：哦，因为我白天工作，我想晚上上课。女士：嗯。你学过关于数据处理的课程吗?男士：没有。女士：哦!好的，在学习计算机编程之前必须学习数据处理。男士：哦，我明白了。数据处理什么时候上课?我希望不是星期四。女士：哦，有一个班在周一晚上7点。男士：一周仅上一次?女士：是的。从7点到9点45分，差不多3个小时。男士：哦!没关系，我可以做到。几个星期的课程?女士：嗯，让我看看。12周。你从九月第一次周末开始，哦，圣诞节前夕12月21日结课。男士：这门课程多少钱?女士：300美元，包括必要的上机时间。男士：好的，嗯，我到哪里去登记?女士：在9月2号、3号6点至9点在弗罗斯特大厅登记。男士：是停车场后面的圆形大楼吗?女士：是的，就是那儿。男士：哦，我知道怎么到那儿去。我必须要带什么东西吗?女士：不用，只要带着支票簿即可。男士：哦，太谢谢了。女士：不用客气。再见!男士：再见!19：为什么男士选择晚间上课?20：在上计算机程序设计课程之前必须要做什么?21：我们能从晚间课程了解到什么信息?22：在谈话最后男士想了解什么信息?【词汇点拨】coursen.课程;computerprogramming计算机编程;dataprocessing数据处理;parkinglot停车场;schedulen.时间表Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.A)Atrainingcoach.A)教练员。B)Atradingadviser.B)商业顾问。C)Aprofessionalmanager.C)职业经理。D)Afinancialtrader.D)金融交易商。【听音指导】本题为本长对话的第一题，出题点必在对话开始，由选项可知，本题涉及职业，对于职业的考查也是前几年四级考试的重点。【正确项分析】男士在文中明确提及tradinginfinancialmarkets，根据同义推断原理，可推断该男士的职业是financialtrader.24.A)Hecansaveonlivingexpenses.A)他可以节省生活费用。116B)Heconsiderscookingcreative.B)他认为烹饪是具有创新性的。C)Hecanenjoyhealthierfood.C)他喜欢健康食物。D)Hethinkstake-awayistasteless.D)他觉得外带食品不好吃。【听音指导】预览选项，可知选项A与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。本题与食物或烹饪有关。所以在听音过程中，如提及cooking或food，应多加注意，适时记录。【正确项分析】听音过程中听到此句Ialwayscookamealratherthanhaveatake-away，即可知答案就在附近，接下来的一句Todosomethingmybrainwillregardascreative中，出现了关键词creative，选项B与之相符，故选择B选项。25.A)Itissomethinginevitable.A)是某种不可避免的事情。B)Itisfrustratingsometimes.B)有时候令人沮丧。C)Ittakespatiencetomanage.C)它需要耐心来管理。D)Itcanbeagoodthing.D)它可能是件好事。【听音指导】本题是细节加评论题，关键要弄清楚各选项中it所指代的内容。本文出现频率最多的词是stress，可大胆推测，此题考查的是对stress的评述。本题又是此长对话的最后一题，答案应在听力对话的后两句。【正确项分析】Idoactuallyenjoyanelementofuncertainty.只要抓住此句中的一个关键词uncertainty，此题便可轻易而解，选项A正确。【原文及译文】W:So,whyexactlydoesyourjobhaveareputationforbeingstressful?M:Stressisgenerallydrivenbythefeelingofbeingoutofcontrolofasituationandthefeelingofasituationcontrollingyou.Tradinginfinancialmarketscombinesboth.W:Howdoyourelaxintheevening?M:Iveryrarelydoanythingwork-relatedsoit’seasytoescapethemarkets.Igenerallygotothegymorgoforarun,especiallyifI’vehadabadday.Ialwayscookamealratherthanhaveatake-away.Todosomethingmybrainwouldregardascreative.W:Doyouthinkwhatyoudoforrelaxationisaneffectivewaytobeatstress?M:Idon’tthinkthereisaspecificruleabouthowtobeatstress.IgenerallyfindoutwhatIdoiseffectiveforme.W:Wouldyouconsiderchangingyourjobbecauseofthehighstressfactor?M:Ihaveconsideredleavingmyjobduetostress-relatedfactors.However,Idothinkthatanelementofstressisagoodthing,andifusedtherightway,itcanactuallybeapositivething.117W:Whatdoyouenjoyaboutthestressfulaspectsofyourjob?M:Havingsaidallthat,Idoactuallyenjoyanelementofuncertainty.Ienjoyamentalchallenge.Tradinggeneratesawiderangeofemotionssecondbysecond.Howyoudealwithandmanagethoseemotionsdictatesshort,mediumandlongtermtradingperformanceandsuccess.23:Whatistheman’sjob?24:Whydoesthemanprefertocookamealratherthanhaveatake-away?25:Whatdoesthemansayaboutanelementofstressinhisjob?女士：那么，到底为什么你的工作以紧张出名呢?男士：当人们束手无策或感觉被控制时，就会有压力感。金融市场上的交易正是这两者的结合。女士：你晚上如何放松?男士：我很少做与工作有关的事情，所以很容易逃脱市场。我通常去健身房或是出去跑步。尤其是在我感觉某天很糟糕的时候，更是如此。我总是做饭，而不是叫外卖。做点儿有创意的事。女士：你认为你放松自己的方法对消除压力有效吗?男士：消除压力没有特定的法宝。总的来说，我发现我所做的一切对我来说都是有效的。女士：你是否因压力大而考虑换工作呢?男士：因为压力的因素我曾考虑过离开我的工作。但是，我认为压力是一件好事。如果运用得当，压力实际上是有益的。女士：你喜欢工作中的哪些压力?男士：说了这么多，我的确喜欢不确定因素。我喜欢挑战。交易会在瞬间产生一系列大范围的情绪波动。你如何处理及管理这些情绪支配着中短期及长期交易业绩和成功。23：男士的工作是什么?24：为什么男士喜欢做饭，而不是叫外卖?25：关于工作中的压力感，男士说了什么?【词汇点拨】reputationn.名声，名气;combinev.合并;financiala.金融的;take-away外带食品;positivea.积极的，有益的;uncertaintyn.不确定性SectionBPassageOne篇章结构本次四级听力篇章从内容难度上来讲，比2009年6月的更难。此篇文章属于天文类，讲的是除地球以外的星球上形成生命的可能性。曾经科学家们认为其他星球上存在生命的可能性不大，但是现在科学家在渐渐地定位那些有可能会形成生命的地方。文章对此举了一个例子，就是木星的一个卫星，叫木卫二。词汇点拨fascinateda.着迷的;surfacen.表面;bacterian细菌;automaticallyad.自动地;proben.探头，探针;evolutionn.进化话题词汇118beneathprep.在……之下Jupitern.木星moonn.卫星，月球nitrogenn.氮planetn.行星，星球volcanicactivity火山活动难句解析1.Sinceearlytimes,peoplehavebeenfascinatedwiththeideaoflifeexistingsomewhereelsebesidesearth.【解析】sinceearlytimes作时间状语，主句主语为people，谓语为befascinatedwith，即“对……着迷”，着迷的对象是ideaoflife，existingsomewhereelsebesidesearth为现在分词作定语修饰名词life。2.TheprobeshavealsomadescientiststhinkthatunderitssurfaceEuropahasarockycoregivingoffvolcanicheat.【解析】本句主句部分谓语成分为makesb.dosth.，让某人做某事，that引出think的从句。从句的主语为Europa，givingoffvolcanicheat作定语修饰has的宾语arockycore。试题详解26.A)Therewerenoplanetswithoutmoons.A)除了卫星外没有行星。B)TherewasnoairorwateronJupiter.B)在木星上没有空气或水。C)Lifewasnotpossibleinouterspace.C)在外空是没有生命的。D)ThemysteryoflifecouldnotberesolvedD)生命的奥秘是不能解决的。【听音指导】预览选项，可知本题考查细节事实题。鉴于此题位于本短文的第一题，答案应在最初几句中找到，具体的说，是在开头30秒。选项D与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。听音时关注noplanets，noairorwater还是nolife。【正确项分析】第一题问的是科学家曾经(once)相信什么事实?那么根据我们的理解，应该是他们认为外太空不可能存在生命。这个答案出现在原文的第二句，原文是Untilrecently,scientistsbelievedthatlifeonotherplanetswasjustahopefuldream，意为科学家们认为在其他星球上存在生命只不过是个充满希望的梦。故选择C项。27.A)Ithasanumberofactivevolcanoes.A)有很多活火山。B)Ithasanatmosphereliketheearth’s.B)有像地球上的大气层。C)Ithasalargeoceanunderitssurface.C)在它的表面有一个大海洋。D)Ithasdeepcavesseveralmileslong.D)有几英里长的深洞穴。【听音指导】通过选项即可确定本题为对于某一事物的细节描述题，所以首先要解决各选项中it所指的内容。由第一题选项可初步推测，本题很可能考查的是对一个星球的描述。【正确项分析】问题为科学家在木卫二星球上找到什么，那么应该是SpaceprobeshaveprovidedevidencethatEuropahasa119largeoceanunderitssurface，意为航空观测镜发现了星球表面下有个大的海洋。C选项与原文一模一样。28.A)Lightisnotanessentialelementtoit.A)光不是必备因素。B)Lifecanforminveryhottemperatures.B)生命在很热的温度下能够形成。C)Everyformoflifeundergoesevolution.C)每种生命的形成都需要进化。D)Oxygenisnotneededforsomelifeforms.D)氧在生命形成过程中没有必要。【听音指导】根据惯例，最后一个问题答案出现在篇章结束前三十秒左右，选项均涉及生命形成因素，分别为light，hottemperatures，evolution和oxygen，根据这些信息，可轻易在短文结束前找到答案。【正确项分析】注意转折连词but前后，原文为Untilrecently,scientiststhoughtthatlightwasessential.Butnow,placeshavebeenfoundonearththatareintotalblacknesssuchascavesseveralmilesbeneaththeocean.Andbacteria,primitiveformsoflife,havebeenseenthere。意为科学家一直以为光是很重要的，但是现在他们发现完全黑暗的地方—比如几英里深的洞里，也有生命，即细菌。可见，光不是必备因素，选项A正确。原文及译文Sinceearlytimes,peoplehavebeenfascinatedwiththeideaoflifeexistingsomewhereelsebesidesearth.Untilrecently,scientistsbelievedthatlifeonotherplanetswasjustahopefuldream.Butnowtheyarebeginningtolocateplaceswherelifecouldform.In1997,theysawevidenceofplanetsnearotherstarslikethesun.Butscientistsnowthinkthatlifecouldbeevennearerinourownsolarsystem.OneplanetscientistsarestudyingverycloselyisEuropa,amoonofJupiter.SpaceprobeshaveprovidedevidencethatEuropahasalargeoceanunderitssurface.TheprobeshavealsomadethescientiststhinkthatunderitssurfaceEuropahasarockycoregivingoffvolcanicheat.Waterandheatfromvolcanicactivityaretwobasicconditionsneededforlifetoform.Athirdiscertainbasicchemicalssuchascarbon,oxygenandnitrogen.ScientistsbelievetheremightbesuchchemicalslyingatthebottomofEuropa’socean.Theymayhavealreadycreatedlifeormaybeaboutto.Youmaywonderiflightisalsoneededforlifetoform.Untilrecently,scientiststhoughtthatlightwasessential.Butnow,placeshavebeenfoundonearththatareintotalblacknesssuchascavesseveralmilesbeneaththeocean.Andbacteria,primitiveformsoflifehavebeenseenthere.SothelackoflightinEuropa’ssub-surfaceoceandoesn’tautomaticallyruleoutlifeforming.12026.Whatdidscientistsoncebelieveaccordingtothepassage?27.WhathavescientistsfoundaboutEuropa,amoonofJupiter?28.Whathavescientistscometoknowrecentlyabouttheformationoflife?从很早以前，人们一直迷恋着地球以外的地方也存在生命的想法。直到近来，科学家们认为在其他星球上存在生命只不过是个充满希望的梦。但是，现在他们开始查找可能有生命的地方。1997年，科学家们在恒星附近，例如太阳，发现了行星的踪迹。科学家们现在认为生命可能我们更近，就在太阳系内。科学家们正密切关注的地方是木卫二，木星的一个卫星。太空探测器提供了证据表明木卫二表层之下有一个海洋。探测器也让科学家们认为木卫二表层有散发出火山热的岩石核心。火山活动的水和热量是生命形成的两个基本条件。第三个是一些基本的化学物质，如碳、氧和氮。科学家们认为在木卫二海洋底部可能存在这样的化学成分。他们可能已经创造了生命或即将产生生命。你可能在想光也是生命形成的必要条件。直到最近，科学家们仍认为光是不可或缺的。但现在已经在地球上发现，海洋几英里之下的黑暗的洞穴内有细菌，即原始生命形式的存在。所以不能排除缺乏光的木卫二地下海洋有生命形成的可能性。26.根据短文，科学家曾相信什么?27.科学家们发现关于木卫二的什么信息?28.最近，科学家就生命的形成了解到什么?PassageTwo篇章结构本篇讲述医生发现用纸记录下的东西比口语交流的信息更加准确和稳定。问题源自一位医生在对一个孩子的家庭口述交待了出院后的注意事项之后，发现这些亲属们竟然记不清到底医生讲了些什么，于是医生决定在以后交待注意事项的时候要把这些内容全印成纸质的东西，因为纸质的东西比口语更可靠。词汇点拨sufferv.遭受;confusinga.令人迷惑的;episoden.插曲;versionn.版本;challengev.挑战话题词汇contextn.上下文physiciann.内科医生recoverv.恢复stabilityn.稳定性actout表演出来emergencyroom急诊室oralcommunication口头交际tailoredto定制的难句解析1.Alsolisteningtoherwereahalfadozenotherfamilymembers.【解析】此句为倒装句，强调listeningtoher，主语为ahalfadozenotherfamilymembers。正常语序为：Ahalfadozenotherfamilymemberswerealsolisteningtoher.2.AllofthemhadheardthesimpleinstructionsIhavegivenjustafewhoursbefore,buttheyhavethreeorfourdifferentversions.121【解析】本句两分句由连词but连接，hadheard为过去完成时，表示在家人问玛雅医生之前就发生了此动作。Ihavegivenjustafewhoursbefore做定语修饰thesimpleinstructions，省略连接词that。试题详解29.A)Whethertheyshouldtakethechildhome.A)他们是否应该将孩子带回家。B)WhatDr.Mayer’sinstructionsexactlywere.B)玛雅医生的医嘱到底是什么。C)Whoshouldtakecareofthechildathome.C)谁在家照顾孩子。D)Whenthechildwouldcompletelyrecover.D)什么时候这个孩子能完全恢复。【听音指导】浏览四个选项，应注意到都为wh-开头的疑问词，且提到了医生和孩子，takecareof以及recover，可初步推测此题涉及的场景为医院，病人为孩子。【正确项分析】问题为孩子的家人因为什么而争论，原文为thefamilyaskedhertosettleanargumentthey’dbeenhavingoverexactlywhatadviceshehadgiven，意为亲属们就医生到底讲过什么建议争论不休，问医生如何解决。选项B中的instructions与原文的advice同义，选项B正确。30.A)Sheencouragesthemtoaskquestionswhenindoubt.A)她鼓励他们拿不准时就提问题。B)Shemakesthemwritedownallherinstructions.B)她让他们记下她的医嘱。C)Shehasthemactoutwhattheyaretodoathome.C)她让他们把将在家里做的事情表演出来。D)Sheasksthemtorepeatwhataresupposedtodo.D)她让他们复述要做的事。【听音指导】由第一题的选项可很有把握地推测she指代的是DoctorMyer，而与医生相对的多半为病人。注意关键词askquestion，writedown，actout和repeat。【正确项分析】玛雅医生如何确定病人完全明白了自己的建议呢?原文为Sheasksthemtotellherwhattheythinktheyaresupposedtodo，原文的tellher与选项D中的关键词repeat一致，选项D为正确答案，31.A)Itlacksthestabilityoftheprintedword.A)它缺乏印刷体的稳定性。B)Itcontainsmanygrammaticalerrors.B)它包含许多语法错误。C)Itisheavilydependentonthecontext.C)它十分依赖上下文语境。D)Itfacilitatesinterpersonalcommunication.D)它有助于人际交往。【听音指导】本题为短文最后一题，应在文章最后出现。需要注意关键字stability，errors，context和communication。【正确项分析】此题是典型的篇章问题考法。答案出现在结尾处问题是作者对于人类口语交流(humanspeech)总结了什么。原文为122humanspeechlacksthestabilityandpermanenceoftheprintedword，与选项A一致。原文及译文Inherearlydaysasanemergencyroomphysician,DoctorJoannaMayertreatedachildwhohadsufferedaseconddegreeburn.Afterthechildhadbeentreatedandwasbeingpreparedfordischarge,DoctorMayertalkedtotheparentsabouthowtheyshouldcareforthechildathome.Alsolisteningtoherwereahalfadozenotherfamilymembers.Afewhourslater,whenshecametosaygoodbye,thefamilyaskedhertosettleanargumentthey’dbeenhavingoverexactlywhatadviceshehadgiven.“AsItalkedtothem,Iwasamazed.”shesaid,“AllofthemhadheardthesimpleinstructionsIhavegivenjustafewhoursbefore,buttheyhavethreeorfourdifferentversions.Themostbasicdetailswereunclearandconfusing.Iwassurprised,becausethesewereintelligentpeople.”ThisepisodegaveDoctorMayerherfirstcluetosomethingeverydoctorlearnssoonerorlater----mostpeoplejustdon’tlistenverywell.Nowadays,shesayssherepeatsherinstructions,andevenconductsarealitycheckwithsomepatients.Sheasksthemtotellherwhattheythinktheyaresupposedtodo.Shealsoprovidestake-homesheetswhicharecomputerprintoutstailoredtothepatients’situation.Doc.Mayer’slistenersarenotunusual.Whennewordifficultmaterialispresented,almostalllistenersarefacedwithachallengebecausehumanspeechlacksthestabilityandpermanenceoftheprintedword.Oralcommunicationisfast-movingandimpermanent.29.Whatdidthechild’sfamilymembersargueaboutinthehospital?30.WhatdoesDoc.Mayerdotoinsureherpatientsunderstandherinstructions?31.Whatdoesthespeakersayabouthumanspeech?乔安娜•玛雅是一名急诊室医生。早年，她曾医治了一名二度烧伤的孩子。这个孩子接受完治疗准备出院时，玛雅医生告诉孩子父母在家如何照顾孩子，在场的还有六位家庭其他成员。几小时后，当她来与孩子再见的时候，孩子一家请她解决争论，他们一直争论她的医嘱到底是什么。“因为我已经告诉过他们，所以我很惊讶。”她说“他们所有的人都在短短几小时前听到了我给出的简单的医嘱，但是他们有三、四个不同的版本。最基本的细节都不清楚且很困惑。我很吃惊，因为这些是聪明人。”这一段插曲给了玛雅医生第一个线索而这迟早每个医生都会懂得，即大多数人听的不准确。如今，玛雅说她反复重复医嘱，甚至对一些病人进行现场核查。她要他们告诉她他们应该做的事。她还根据病人的情况提供可带回家的打印文本。玛雅医生的听众都是正常人。当面对新资料或难度较大的资料时，几乎所有的听众都会面临挑战，因为人类口语缺乏书面123文字的稳定性和永久性。口头交流速度快但持续时间短。29.孩子的家庭成员在医院里争论的是什么?30.为确保病人明白她的医嘱，玛雅医生做了什么?31.说话者如何评述人类口语?PassageThree篇章结构此篇讲的是商务工作中对员工的激励机制。主要内容为公司对员工的激励机制并非是人们通常以为的工资或者工作环境，而是工作中的挑战。词汇点拨challenginga.挑战性的;logicala.合理的;manuallyad.手动地;identifyv.认同;tediousa.单调的，沉闷的话题词汇arbitrarilyad.专横地mechanicala.机械的roboticsn.机器人学bydefinition当然jobsecurity职业安全感laborrelations劳资关系难句解析1.It’slogicaltosupposethatthingslikegoodlaborrelations,goodworkingconditions,goodwagesandbenefitsandjobsecuritymotivateworkers,butoneexpert,FrederickHerzbergarguedthatsuchconditionsdonotmotivateworkers.【解析】此句结构是由转折连词but引导的两个分句。前面一个分句中，it做形式主语，后面的不定式tosuppose是真正主语。That引导宾语从句，介词like以及其引导内容做things的后置定语。后面一个分句中，oneexpert与FrederickHerzberg为同位语，that后引导宾语从句。2.However,evenwiththedevelopmentofcomputersandrobotics,there’realwaysplentyofboring,repetitiveandmechanicaljobsandlotsofunskilledpeoplewhohavetodothem.【解析】本句主句为therebe句型，常见的短语withthedevelopmentof作时间状语，意为“随着……的发展”。jobs和people为表语，三个并列形容词boring，repetitive和mechanical一起修饰jobs，who引导的定语从句修饰先行词unskilledpeople试题详解32.A)Jobsecurity.A)职业安全感。B)Goodlaborrelations.B)愉快的劳资关系。C)Challengingwork.C)挑战性的工作。D)Attractivewagesandbenefits.D)有吸引力的工资和利益。【听音指导】预览选项中的关键词jobsecurity，laborrelation，work，和wagesandbenefits可知，此篇短文主旨与工作有关，可初步推测与人们对工作的满足感有关。【正确项分析】此题问的是主题，到底什么可以真正激励员工好好工作呢。原文Motivators,incontrast,includethingssuchashavingachallengingandinterestingjob,recognition124andresponsibility，连接词incontrast附近出现了答案，意为起到激励作用的东西包括工作的挑战性和趣味性，以及工作中需承担的责任即最终获得的认可。所以选选项C，即挑战性的工作。【干扰项分析】原文首句虽谈及选项A、B、D各项内容，但是but转折后全盘否定butoneexpert,FrederickHerzbergarguedthatsuchconditionsdonotmotivateworkers。故可全部排除。33.A)Manytediousjobscontinuetobedonemanually.A)许多单调工作继续由手工做。B)Moreandmoreunskilledworkerswilllosejobs.B)越来越多的非技术工人将失业。C)Computerswillchangethenatureofmanyjobs.C)电脑将改变很多工作性质。D)Boringjobswillgraduallybemadeenjoyable.D)无聊的工作将变得快乐。【听音指导】从选项内容可知，本题考查的是工作的性质，应注意关键提示词—tedious，unskilledandlosejob，computer和boringandenjoyable。【正确项分析】此题问到作者对电脑信息时代总结了什么。从原文中However,evenwiththedevelopmentofcomputersandrobotics,there’realwaysplentyofboring,repetitiveandmechanicaljobsandlotsofunskilledpeoplewhohavetodothem.，连接词however后出现了答案。意为，尽管电脑和机器人技术不断发展，还是存在无聊的、重复的、机械性的工作，需要人力完成，对应到正确答案A选项中的tedious以及manually。34.A)Offerthemchancesofpromotion.A)提供给他们晋升机会。B)Improvetheirworkingconditions.B)改善他们的工作条件。C)Encouragethemtocompetewitheachother.C)鼓励他们相互竞争。D)Givethemresponsibilitiesaspartofateam.D)给他们责任，让他们成为团队一部分。【听音指导】此题为一细节题。选项B与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。听音时，注意选项中的promotion，compete和team。【正确项分析】原文中激励超市员工工作是个案，但是问题本身针对的是总结性的答案。即出现在forexample前的总结句：Givethemsomeresponsibilities,notasindividuals,butasapartofateam。but后强调的是team，正确答案为选项D。35.A)Theywillnotbringrealbenefitstothestaff.A)他们将不能给员工带来真正利益。B)Theyconcernasmallnumberofpeopleonly.B)他们与少数人相关。C)Theyarearbitrarilysetbytheadministrators.C)是管理人员随意制定的。D)Theyarebeyondthecontrolofordinaryworkers.D)他们超出了普通工人的控制。【听音指导】首先意识到最后一题的答案应在文章结束前几句找由各选项可知，所描述的对象并不是积极的，而是有负面影响的。125【正确项分析】为什么金钱诱惑刺激不了工作热情，答案出现在结尾前30秒处，即Suchvaluesaremorelikelytomotivateworkersthanfinancialtargetswhichautomaticallyonlyconcernafewpeople，意为团队精神更能激起工作热情，因为金钱利益最终只会与团队中的个别人相关。答案为选项B。原文及译文It’slogicaltosupposethatthingslikegoodlaborrelations,goodworkingconditions,goodwagesandbenefitsandjobsecuritymotivateworkers,butoneexpert,FrederickHerzbergarguedthatsuchconditionsdonotmotivateworkers.Theyaremerelysatisfiers.Motivators,incontrast,includethingssuchashavingachallengingandinterestingjob,recognitionandresponsibility.However,evenwiththedevelopmentofcomputersandrobotics,there’realwaysplentyofboring,repetitiveandmechanicaljobsandlotsofunskilledpeoplewhohavetodothem.Sohowdomanagersmotivatepeopleinsuchjobs?Onesolutionistogivethemsomeresponsibilities,notasindividuals,butasateam.Forexample,somesupermarketscombineofficestaff,thepeoplewhofilltheshelves,andthepeoplewhoworkatthecheckoutintoateam,andletthemdecidewhatproductlinestostock,howtodisplaythemandsoon.Manypeoplenowtalkabouttheimportanceofacompany’ssharedvaluesorculturewithwhichallthestaffcanidentify,forexample,beingthebesthotelchain,ormakingthebest,themostuser-friendlyorthemostreliableproductsinaparticularfield.Suchvaluesaremorelikelytomotivateworkersthanfinancialtargetswhichultimatelyonlyconcernafewpeople.Unfortunately,there’sonlyalimitednumberofsuchgoalstogoaroundandbydefinition,notallthecompetingcompaniesinanindustrycanseriouslyplayintobethebest.32:WhatcanactuallymotivateworkersaccordingtoFrederickHerzberg?33:Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutjobsinthecomputerera?34:Whatdosomesupermarketsdotomotivateemployees?35:Whydoesthespeakersayfinancialtargetsarelesslikelytomotivateworkers?认为良好的劳资关系、愉悦的工作环境、较高的工资和福利待遇工作安全性好能够激励员工，这是完全符合逻辑的。然而，专家弗洛迪克•赫兹伯格认为这些条件并不能激励员工，只是让员工得到满足的物质条件而已。相反，激励因素包括挑战性和趣味性的工作、认可和责任等。然而，即使随着计算机技术和机器人技术的发展，仍有大量无聊的、重复的和机械的工作，并且还必须有大量做这些工作的非技术人员。所以管理人员如何激励从事这种工作的人呢?一种解决办法就是让他们承担责任，不是作为个人，而是作为团队。例如，有些超市把办公室人员、填货人和收银员编成一组，让他们决定进什么货126产品如何陈列等。现在很多人在谈论员工认同的公司的价值观和公司文化的重要性，如怎样成为最好的旅馆连锁，或在某一特定领域做最好的，用户最亲善的或者最可靠的产品。这样的价值观比那些只与少数人有关的财务目标更有可能激励员工。不幸的是，只有个别公司才会有这样的目标，当然，并不是所有的竞争公司在业界都能做成最好的。32：根据弗洛迪克•赫兹伯格的观点，什么可以激励员工?33：说话者就计算机时代的工作发表了什么观点?34：一些超市为激励员工采取了什么措施?35：为什么说财务目标不太可能激发员工?SectionC原文重现Inthehumanities,authorswritetoinformyouinmanyways.Thesemethodscanbe(36)classifiedintothreetypesofinformationalwriting:factual,descriptive,andprocess.Factualwritingprovides(37)backgroundinformationonanauthor,composerorartistoronatypeofmusic,literature,orart.Examplesoffactualwritingincludenotesonabookjacketor(38)albumcoverandlongerpieces,suchasanarticledescribingastyleofmusicwhichyoumightreadinamusic(39)appreciationcourse.Thiskindofwritingprovidesa(40)contextforyourstudyofthehumanities.Asitsname(41)implies,descriptivewritingsimplydescribesorprovidesan(42)imageof,apieceofmusic,artorliterature.Forexample,descriptivewritingmightlistthecolorsanartistusedinapaintingorthe(43)instrumentsacomposerincludedinamusicalcomposition,soastomakepicturesofsoundsinthereaders’mindbycallingupspecificdetailsofthework.(44)Descriptivewritinginhumanity,particularlyinliteratureisoftenmixedwithcriticalwriting.Processwritingexplainsaseriesofactionsthatbringaboutaresult.(45)Ittellsthereaderhowtodosomething,forexample,explainingthetechniqueusedtoshowafilm.Thiskindofwritingisoftenfoundinart,whereunderstandinghowanarthascreatedacertaineffectisimportant.(46)Authorsmayactuallyusemorethanonetypeoftechniquesinthegivenpieceofinformationalwriting.篇章结构此次复合式听写的话题比较专业，介绍了三类写作题材，即事实性的，描述性的和解说性的。短文结构，先总后分。原文中充斥了许多长难词，致使考生预读时就一头雾水。尤其是全文的首句：Inthehumanities,authorswritetoinformyouinmanyways.关键是要正确理解humanities(人文学科)一词。词汇点拨humanitiesn.人文学科;contextn.环境，语境，上下127文;techniquen.技巧话题词汇composern.作曲家bookjacket护封instrumentn.乐器backgroundinformation背景知识musicappreciation音乐鉴赏musicalcomposition乐曲试题详解36.【听音指导】根据空前后内容，可推测此空意为“归类成……”，轻易可以联想到常考词classified，构成beclassifiedinto结构。37.【听音指导】事实性写作方式会提供什么样的信息，在预读时很容易将其推测为形容词，但background是常见词，而backgroundinformation作为背景知识，在日常生活中常常用到。38.【听音指导】此空中的内容与book，longpiece并列，可知此空填写的词为名词，且与book等为一类。album发音特殊，一般不会与其他词相混，应注意拼写。39.【听音指导】由题意很容易判断此部分应为音乐鉴赏课，此空的难点在于appreciation(“鉴赏”)这个词的拼写。appreciate作动词，意为鉴赏，此空需要其名词形式。40.【听音指导】为研究人文学科提供环境，其中context是高频词，几乎在每次考试中都能考到，此题不易失分。41.【听音指导】此句话应理解为“正如名字所显示的那样”，立刻可以联系到show等词，而原文中的imply在以往四级考试中也反复出现。42.【听音指导】描述性的写作能提供什么?立刻就想到形象、印象。image这个词很容易填出。43.【听音指导】作曲家所用的音乐器具，自然为musicalinstrument。然而此空需要注意的是它的复数形式。44.【听音指导】此段讲述的是descriptivewriting，此句位于本段的最后一句，应为总结性话语。答案为Descriptivewritinginthehumanities,particularlyinliteratureisoftenmixedwithcriticalwriting。particularly可替换为especially，bemixedwith意为“与……混合”。也可写为Descriptivewritingismixedwithcriticalwriting，那么既保留了句子的大意，而且也能规避如particularly这样的长难词。采分点为descriptivewriting和criticalwriting。45.【听音指导】此段讲述的是processingwriting，按照惯例此句为对其的总结性解释。shootafilm，意为拍电影。采分点为howtodosomething和technique。46.【听音指导】整篇文章为总分式，先总述了三种写作题材，然后分别讲述每种写作题材的适用范围。此空独立成句，很可能论述三部分适用范围的交集。采分点为morethanonetypeoftechniqueisusedinwriting。全文精译在人文学科中，作者可以通过多种写作方式告知读者信息。这些方法可分为三类信息写作题材：事实性的，描述性的和解说性的。事实性写作提供了一位作家、作曲家或艺术家或者是一种音乐、文学或艺术的背景信息。事实性写作包括封面上的说明和专辑封面，较长的作品如音乐鉴赏课中可能读到的描述一种音乐风格的文章。这种写作128题材为人文学科研究提供了依据。正如它的名字所暗示的，描写性写作指简单的描述或为一段音乐、一种艺术和文学树立一种形象。例如，描写性写作可能介绍一位艺术家在画中用过的色彩，或一位乐器作曲家在音乐作品中所用的乐器。通过具体描述，在读者的脑海里留下声音的图画。人文学科中的描写性写作，特别在文学中，经常与评论式写作共同使用。解说性写作是解释会带来某种结果的一系列的行动。它告诉读者如何做某事，例如，拍电影的技术。这种写作往往用于艺术中，因为理解艺术家如何创造了一种特定效果是很重要的。在一篇指定的信息写作中，作者可以运用多种写作技巧。PartIVReadingComprehensionSectionA篇章结构全文共分为七段。第一段介绍了本文的主题——双职工家庭中，父亲可能比母亲对于孩子语言的发展有更大的影响力。第二至六段介绍研究者们对九十二个家庭的孩子的活动以及父母与之交流的语言进行了跟踪、调查，最后，当孩子们三岁时，研究者们对孩子进行了标准化的语言测试，并对他们的言语进行了分析。研究者们发现父亲而非母亲的言语对孩子更有影响。最后一段，那达亚•潘克索发说可能因为在研究中能力强的母亲已经对孩子的言语发展产生了很大的影响，或者可能母亲起作用的方式在研究中没有测量。词汇热身【名词】aspects方面;characters性质，特征;quality质量【动词】analyzed分析;established确定的，证实的;quoted引用;recruited招聘，招募;contributing贡献，捐献;describing描述;recording记录【形容词】total总共的，总计的;unconscious不知道的，无意识的;unsure不确定;【副词】yet还，仍旧;already已经难句解析4.Researchersrecruited92familiesform11childcarecentersbeforetheirchildrenwereayearold,interviewingeachtoestablishincome,levelofeducationandchildcarearrangements.【解析】本句的主干是Researchersrecruited92families，主干之后form11childcarecenters是介词短语作定语,修饰families,而beforetheirchildrenwereayearold是时间状语从句。句子的第二部分interviewingeachto…是现在分词短语作谓语recruit的伴随状语。【译文】研究者们从十一个幼儿护理中心招募了九十二个家庭，他们的孩子都不到一岁，并且逐一了解他们的收入、受教育状况、以及孩子的照顾情况。5.“It’swellestablishedthatthemother’slanguagedoeshaveanimpact,”saidNadyaPancsofar,theleadauthorofthestudy.【解析】句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是that从句。其中It’swellestablishedthat…,意为“大家公认……”，而真正的主语thatthemother’slanguagedoeshaveanimpact中的129does用来表示强调，意为“的确，确实”。【译文】该研究的主要作者那达亚•潘克索发说：“大家公认母亲的语言的确有影响力。”试题详解47.【快速解题】动词辨义题。K【火眼金睛】本句缺少谓语，根据句中before引导的时间状语从句中的过去时态，可以断定谓语动词应使用过去时。根据句意，备选动词中recruited符合题意。此外备选词中analyzed是强干扰项，但其实并不合适，因为“研究者们分析了92个家庭……，并且逐一询问了他们的收入、受教育状况、孩子的照顾情况。”其中“分析”与“逐一询问”在逻辑意义上不符。48.【快速解题】动词辨义题。J【火眼金睛】空格处在with短语中，且应该作宾语parents的补足语。根据句意可知此处应为“研究人员将他们与父母双方在家自由玩耍的情景录制下来，并记录他们所有的谈话。”可以看出此处需填一个动名词，并含有“记录”的意思，备选动词中recording符合题意。49.【快速解题】动词辨义题。L【火眼金睛】空格位于the与number之间，可知此处需填入一个形容词作定语。备选形容词中total符合题意，意为“父母亲话语总的数量”。50.【快速解题】名词辨义题。C【火眼金睛】空格位于other之后，可知此处需填入名词，备选名词只有aspects符合题意，意为“科学家们测量了父母亲话语总的数量，使用不同词汇的数量，他们的语句的复杂程度以及他们语言的其他方面。”51.【快速解题】动词辨义题。B【火眼金睛】空格在主语theresearchers之后，可知此处应填入谓语动词的过去时态。剩余的备选动词中analyzed符合题意，意为“最后，当孩子们三岁时，研究者们对孩子进行了标准化的语言测试，并对他们的语言进行了分析。”52.【快速解题】名词辨义题。H【火眼金睛】空格处前后分别为the与of，可知此处需填入名词，根据上下文可知该句意为“测试中，预测高分的指标包括母亲受教育的程度，养育孩子的质量，父亲使用不同词汇的数量。”备选名词中quality符合题意。53.【快速解题】形容词辨义题。N【火眼金睛】空格位于be动词与why从句之间，可知需填入形容词或过去分词，以构成系表结构。动词中的剩余词汇，均不能使句意通顺。备选形容词中unsure可使句意通顺，意为“令研究者们疑惑的是为什么父亲而非母亲的语言对孩子有影响。”54.【快速解题】动词辨义题。G【火眼金睛】空格处在iswell和that从句之间，此处需要填入过去分词。备选动词中established符合题意,其中itiswellestablishedthat…，意为“大家公认……”。55.【快速解题】副词辨义题。A【火眼金睛】本句结构完整，空格处需填入一个副词。空格前后的had并不相同，前面的had是构成过去完成时态的助动词，后面130的had是短语haveastronginfluenceon…，结合句意，备选副词中already符合题意。56.【快速解题】动词辨义题。E【火眼金睛】纵观全句，空格处应填入现在分词，与are构成现在进行时态。根据句意“最终对于整个学校的文化氛围都会产生有益的影响”。备选动词中contributing符合题意,意为“可能母亲起作用的方式在研究中我们没有测量。”全文精译一项新的研究表明，父母都工作的家庭，父亲可能比母亲对于孩子语言的发展有更大的影响力。研究者们从十一个幼儿护理中心招募了九十二个家庭，他们的孩子都不到一岁，并且逐一询问了他们的收入、受教育状况、孩子的照顾情况。总之，它们都是受过良好教育的中产阶级家庭，父母双亲都和孩子住在一起。当孩子两岁时，研究人员将他们与父母双方在家自由玩耍的情景录制下来，并记录他们所有的谈话。该研究将发表在《应用发展心理学杂志》第十一期。科学家们测量了父母亲话语总的数量、使用不同词汇的数量、他们的语句的复杂程度以及他们语言的其他方面。通常，父亲比母亲说的少，但是在话语的长度和问问题的多少方面，他们没有差别。最后，当孩子们三岁时，研究人员对孩子进行了标准化的语言测试，并对他们的语言进行了分析。测试中，预测高分的指标包括母亲受教育的程度、养育孩子的质量和父亲使用不同词汇的数量。令研究者们疑惑的是为什么父亲而非母亲的语言对孩子有影响。该研究的主要作者那达亚•潘克索发说：“大家都公认母亲的语言的确有影响力。”也可能因为在研究中能力强的母亲已经对孩子的语言发展产生了很大的影响。她又讲到，“或者可能母亲起作用的方式在研究中我们没有测量。”SectionBPassageOne篇章结构本文是一篇议论文，选自《新闻周刊》2008年11月刊，题目为MICHELLEOBAMAISABLACKSKINNEDBEAUTY!。全文共五段。第一段作者介绍作为黑人女性，她更关注米歇尔•奥巴马，因为作为准第一夫人，米歇尔代表的正是人们平时极少接触的非洲裔女性美国公民。第二至四段介绍过去人们对黑人女性带有成见的看法，因此米歇尔将代表所有黑人女性来改变世人对她们的看法。最后一段介绍米歇尔作为第一夫人，美国黑人对她的期望，以及她身上所具有的、黑人女性应该学习的品质。核心词汇9.candidaten.候选人，申请求职者【文中实例】Throughoutthislong,tenseelection,everyonehasfocusedonthepresidentialcandidatesandhowthey’llchangeAmerica.在这个持久而紧张的选举中，每个候选人都成为了众人的焦点，人们关注着他们如何来改变整个美国。【实例拓展】HeisrunningasacandidateforLiberalparty。他作为民主党候选人参选。【举一反三】同义词applicant，seeker，nomineen.申请者，131候选人10.fascinatev.使着迷，使极感兴趣【文中实例】I’mmorefascinatedbyMichelleObamaandwhatshemightbeabletodo,….我更期待米歇尔•奥巴马，不止期待着她能够为这个国家做些什么，……。【实例拓展】Herbeautyfascinatedeveryboy.她的美貌使所有的男孩子都着了迷。【举一反三】派生词fascinateda.着迷的;fascinatinga.令人着迷的;fascinationn.魅力11.prevailinga.普遍的，盛行的，流行的【文中实例】Theprevailingtheoryseemstobethatwe’reallhot-temperedsinglemotherswhocan’tkeepaman.时下流行的看法是大多黑人女性都是脾气暴躁的单身妈妈，吸引不住男人。【实例拓展】aprevailingsetofculturalvalues一套盛行的文化价值观【举一反三】派生词prevail(over)v.胜过，压倒，占优势12.stereotypen.陈规，固定的看法【文中实例】Evenintheworldofmake-believe,blackwomenstillcan’tescapethestereotypeofbeingeye-rolling,oversexedfemalesraisedbyournever-married,alcoholic(酗酒的)mothers.在人们的想象中，黑人女性给人留下的刻板印象往往是：受人歧视，性交过度，通常被未婚的酒鬼老妈养大。【实例拓展】It’swrongtostereotypepeople,asiftheywereallalike.把人们看作都是一样的，这是错误的。【举一反三】派生词stereotypev.使模式化stereotypeda.固定化的，老一套的13.commitv.承诺，使受约束【文中实例】Beforesheevergetsthechancetocommittoacause,charityorfoundationasFirstLady,…在有机会作为第一夫人去成就一番事业，去做慈善或办基金会之前，……。【实例拓展】Hehascommittedhimselftosupportthem.他答应负担他们的生活。【举一反三】派生词committeda.坚定的，忠诚的;commitmentn.承诺，诺言6.featuren.特写，专题报道【文中实例】Becausefewmainstreampublicationshavedonein-depthfeaturesonregularAfrican-Americanwomen,….因为主流的媒体们都未曾深入地报道过普通非洲裔美国女性，……。【实例拓展】afrontpagefeatureoncoalmining头版上关于采煤的特写【举一反三】词义扩展featuren.特征，容貌;v.以……为特征，特写难句解析1.Forexample,whentheboardoftheUniversityofColoradosearchedforanewpresident,itwantedaleaderfamiliarwiththestategovernment,amajorsourceofthe132university’sbudget.【解析】when引导时间状语从句，其后是主句，该主句中的familiarwiththestategovernment是形容词短语作定语，修饰leader;而句末amajorsourceoftheuniversity’sbudget是同位语来说明thestategovernment。【译文】例如，科罗拉多大学董事会在遴选新校长时，他们想聘用一个与州政府熟悉的领导人，因为州政府是学校的主要资金来源。2.In2003，whenCambridgeUniversityappointedAlisonRichard,anotherformerYaleprovost,asitsvice-chancellor,theuniversitypubliclystressedthatinherpreviousjobshehadoverseen“amajorstrengtheningofYale’sfinancialposition.”【解析】句首的when从句是非限制性定语从句，补充说明2003。句子的主句是theuniversity…stressedthat…，其中that引出宾语从句。宾语从句中的主句为shehadoverseenamajorstrengthening。【译文】2003年，剑桥大学任命前耶鲁大学教务长艾莉森•理查德为副校长。学校公开强调艾莉森之前的工作确保了“耶鲁大学财政状况良好”。3.Theglobalizationofeducationmeansmoreuniversitieswillbeseekingheadswithinternationalexperienceofsomekindtopromoteinternationalprogramsandattractaglobalstudentbody.【解析】本句的主干简单易懂，是Theglobalizationofeducationmeans…。但其后的宾语从句的结构复杂，该从句的主干是moreuniversitieswillbeseekingheads，heads之后的withinternationalexperienceofsomekind是介词短语做定语。句末的topromoteinternationalprogramsandattractaglobalstudentbody是目的状语。【译文】教育全球化意味着更多的大学将要聘用那些具有国际经验的校长，以促进国际间项目的合作，招收留学生。试题详解62.Whatisthecurrenttrendinhighereducationdiscussedinthepassage?62.文章中讨论的目前高等教育的趋势是什么?A)InstitutionsworldwidearehiringadministratorsfromtheU.S.A)世界范围的高校正在从美国聘请管理人员。B)Alotofpoliticalactivistsarebeingrecruitedasadministrators.B)大量政治活动家被聘为管理人员。C)Americanuniversitiesareenrollingmoreinternationalstudents.C)美国大学扩招留学生.D)Universitypresidentsarepayingmoreattentiontofunding-raisingD)大学校长更加注重筹措资金。【快速解题】事实细节题。根据题干中thecurrenttrendinhighereducation，定位答案在第二段最后两句。【正确项分析】根据这两句话Yetthetalentflowisn’tuniversal.High-levelpersonneltendtoheadinonlyonedirection:outwardfromAmerica.如今，高等教育已成为极具竞133争力的商业行为，并且日渐国际化。但是人才的流动并不是世界性的高层的管理人员往往来自一个地方：美国。选项A意思与之相近，故选择A。【干扰项分析】根据第三段末“筹措资金的能力在很大程度上依靠经验，也是美国校长必须具备的能力”，D项表述与原文不符。B、C项文中均未提及。63.WhatisthechiefconsiderationofAmericanuniversitieswhenhiringtop-leveladministrators?62.在聘请高层管理人员时，美国大学主要考虑的问题是什么?A)Thepoliticalcorrectness.A)政治方向的准确性。B)Theirabilitytoraisefunds.B)筹措资金的能力。C)Theirfameinacademiccircles.C)学术界的声誉。D)Theiradministrativeexperience.D)管理经验。【快速解题】语义理解题。根据题干中thechiefconsideration，定位答案在第三段第三段。【正确项分析】在第三段TheboardultimatelypickedBruceBenson,a69-year-oldColoradobusinessmanandpoliticalactivistwhoislikelytoexcelatthemaintaskofmodernuniversitypresidents:fund-raising。选项B中的raisefunds表示“筹款”。答案为B选项。64.WhatdowelearnaboutEuropeanuniversitiesfromthepassage?64.从文章中可以了解关于欧洲大学的哪些信息?A)Thetuitionstheychargehavebeenrisingconsiderably.A)学费迅速上涨。B)Theiroperationisunderstrictgovernmentsupervision.B)学校运转受到政府严格监督。C)Theyarestrengtheningtheirpositionbyglobalization.C)他们通过全球化强化自己的位置。D)Mostoftheirrevenuescomefromthegovernment.D)大部分资金来源于政府。【快速解题】语义理解题。根据题干Europeanuniversities，答案可定位在第四段第一、二句。【正确项分析】根据第四段第一、二句ManyEuropeanuniversitiesarestillmostlydependentongovernmentfunding.Butgovernmentsupporthasfailedtokeeppacewithrisingstudentnumber。即很多欧洲大学仍然依靠政府投入。而政府的投入却没能跟上不断扩大的学生规模。因此可知学校的大部分资金来源于政府，故选择D选项。【干扰项分析】B项是强干扰项，根据第四段第一、二句可知很多欧洲大学仍然依靠政府投入，但却没有提及学校运转受到政府的严格监督。A、C项文中均未提及。65.CambridgeUniversityappointedAlisonRichardasitsvice-chancellorchieflybecause_______?65.牛津大学为什么任命艾莉森•理查德为副校长?A)Shewasknowntobegoodatraisingmoney.A)她在筹措资金方面有名B)ShecouldhelpstrengthenitstieswithYale.B)她可以加强与耶鲁大学的联系134C)SheknewhowtoattractstudentsoverseasC)她知道如何吸引海外学生。D)shehadboostedYale’sacademicstatus.D)她提升了耶鲁大学的学术地位【快速解题】事实细节题。根据题干中的AlisonRichardasitsvice-chancellor，答案可定位在第五段第二句。【正确项分析】根据theuniversitypubliclystressedthatinherpreviousjobshehadoverseen“amajorstrengtheningofYale’sfinancialposition.”，学校公开强调艾莉森之前的工作确保了“耶鲁大学财政状况良好”。由此可知她有很强的筹措资金的能力，故选A选项。66.Inwhatwaydotop-leveladministratorsfromabroadcontributetouniversitydevelopment?66.外国的高层领导从哪些方面促进了学校的发展?A)Theycanenhancetheuniversity’simage.A)他们可以提升学校的形象B)Theywillbringwiththemmoreinternationalfaculty.B)他们可以带来更多国际化人才C)Theywillviewalotofthingsfromanewperspective.C)他们将从新的角度审视问题。D)Theycansetupnewacademicdisciplines.D)他们能创立新的学科【快速解题】语义理解题。根据题干top-leveladministratorsfromabroadcontributetouniversitydevelopment答案定位在末段末句。【正确项分析】该句Foreignerscanofferafreshperspectiveonestablishedpractices，告诉读者外国人能够给学校业已成立的体系带来新的活力。此意与C选项的意思相近，故选C选项。全文精译2009年毕业的高中生进入牛津大学的同时，他们也会迎来一个新的面孔，安德鲁•汉密尔顿，55岁的耶鲁大学教务长。他将入主牛津，职位相当于美国大学的校长。汉密尔顿并不是第一位跨越大西洋到外国任职的教育家。法国、埃及、新家坡等一些国家的学校近年来纷纷从国外聘请学校的高层管理人员。像其他商业活动一样，如今，高等教育已成为极具竞争力的商业行为，并且日渐国际化。但是人才的流动并不是世界性的。高层的管理人员往往来自一个地方：美国。其主要原因是许多学校并不真地想从国外引进人才。例如，科罗拉多大学董事会在遴选新校长时，想聘用一个与州政府熟悉的领导人，因为州政府是学校的主要资金来源。“我们不会在全球范围内聘用校长”，帕特立夏•海说，该校最终聘用了布鲁斯•本森，69岁的科罗拉多州商人、政治活动家。他能够胜任现代大学校长的职务：筹措资金。筹措资金为美国大学所特有，因为美国大学的运转主要依赖捐款。筹措资金的能力在很大程度上依靠经验，也是美国校长必须具备的能力。与此同时，很多欧洲大学仍然依靠政府投入。而政府的投入却没能跟上不断扩大的学生规模。政府投入的减少，使得筹措资金成为学135校管理部门的当务之急，于是对美国的人才求贤若渴。在过去几年里，世界各地的优秀学校都加入了这一行列。2003年，剑桥大学任命前耶鲁大学教务长艾莉森•理查德为副校长。学校公开强调艾莉森之前的工作确保了“耶鲁大学财政状况良好”。当然，这些外国管理者不仅只是筹措资金。教育全球化意味着更多的大学将要聘用那些具有国际经验的校长，以促进国际间项目的合作，招收留学生。外国人能够给学校业已成立的体系带来新的活力PartVCloze篇章结构本次完形填空选自2009年1月20日www.guardian.co.uk网站的一则报道，题目是OlderPeople’sEducation‘neglected’(‘被忽视的’老年教育)，选入本文时略有删减。从题材看，本次完形填空属于论说文体，主题为教育。阐述了教育对于每个阶段的人的重要性和终身学习的意义。全文共六段，第一段首先指出学习对于老年人的重要意义。接着讲述老年人教育面临的种种问题和阻力，与此同时也指出了对老年人进行教育投入的必要性。文章最后提出了一个发人深思的问题：应该有更多的资金来保证人们塑造个性和在“第三年龄段”发挥建设性作用。核心词汇1.contributev.捐助，捐献，贡献【搭】contributefor为……捐助;contributeto把……捐给【拓】contributionn.贡献，捐献;contributinga.贡献的2.focusn.集中，聚集【搭】focusone’sattention集中注意力;focuson/upon强调，使集中于焦点;focusthecameraon把照相机的焦点对准……3.concentratev.①专心于，注意②集中，聚集【搭】concentrateefforts集中力量;concentrateone’smind专心【拓】concentrationn.集中，专心难句解析4.Thecurrentapproachwhichfocusesonyoungerpeopleandonskillsforemploymentisnotadequatetomeetthechallengesofdemographicchange.【解析】该句的主语是Thecurrentapproach，主语后跟了一个which引导的定语从句。“isnotadequate”是谓语，其后为动词不定式作目的状语。【译文】现在的教育方法倾向于年轻人和技能性训练，难以应对人口结构变化的挑战。5.Thechallengesincludethefactthatmostpeoplecanexpecttospendathirdoftheirlivesinretirement,thattherearenowmorepeopleover59thanunder16andthat11.3millionpeopleareoverstatepensionage.【解析】该句看起来很长但结构并不复杂。是由一个主句Thechallengesincludethefact和三个that引导的同位语从句构成的。【译文】这些挑战包括：多数人生命的三分之一将在退休后度过;五十九岁以上人口数高于十六岁以下人口数;一千一百三十万人达到国家法定领取退休金年龄。6.Peopleneedopportunitiestomakea“midlife136review”toadjusttothelaterstagesofemployedlife,andtoplanforthetransitiontoretirement,whichmaynowhappenunpredictablyatanypointfrom50toover90.【解析】本句主句成分为“Peopleneedopportunities”，其后是两个动词不定式作目的状语。划线部分是retirement的定语从句。【译文】人们需要一个“中年回首”的机会来适应以后的工作生涯，规划退休后的角色转化。这种转化可以发生在五十岁到九十多岁的漫长时间内。试题详解67.【快速解题】本题考查动词词义辨析。B【正确项分析】这四个动词都能够与介词on搭配，因此此处应在首段基础上着手分析该句句意。首段提出老年人学习的重要性，而该句“年轻人和技能性训练”指出了该项方法的侧重点。focuson“集中，针对”，因此确定答案为选项B。【干扰项分析】根据句意可以比较容易地排除其他三此个干扰项dependon依靠，依赖;counton依靠，指望;operateon对……实施手术。68.【快速解题】本题考查形容词词义辨析。D【正确项分析】该空格所要填的词应该与前文内容相呼应，首段指出老年人需要学习，而本句侧重的是年轻人的职业技能。这说明该教育方法面临挑战，由此可见它是不充分的，因此确定答案为选项D。【干扰项分析】superior高级的，出众的;essential基本的;regular有规则的，有秩序的。均不符合该句上下文的关系，故排除。【篇章分析】该句句意为“现在的教育方法倾向于年轻人和技能性训练，难以应对人口结构变化的挑战。”olderpeople，youngerpeople和demographicchange之间的关系能够帮助考生迅速确定答案。另外从后句的表达也可以帮助找出该题的正确答案。69.【快速解题】本题为副词词义辨析题。A【正确项分析】only1%指出当前对老年人投入的教育资金之有限，符合题意的选项应为currently“通常，当前”。因此正确选项为选项A。【干扰项分析】barely表示“仅仅，刚刚”;heavily表示“沉重地”;anxiously表示“忧虑地，不安地”，均可轻易排除。70.【快速解题】本题为词义辨析题。C【正确项分析】该空在本句中作主语成分，其后面的内容均涉及老龄人口和退休人员的现状，结合前文教育状况，可以判断challenge“挑战”最符合该句句意。因此选C选项。【干扰项分析】regulation规则，规章;obstacle障碍;guideline方针;用在本句均显勉强。【篇章分析】虽然本题属于词义辨析题，但根据前后文信息复现能够迅速确定答案。如果考生细心的话，就会发现第二段曾经指出对“人口结构的挑战”，此处列举挑战的种种问题。71.【快速解题】本题为词义辨析题。B【正确项分析】解答本题除了能够辨析四个名词词义外，还要从句意入手推敲最符合题意的答案。该句说的是老龄人口的问题，同时指出他们退休后时间漫长，暗示对他们进行教育投入的必要性。所以137正确答案为选项B。【干扰项分析】enjoyment享受，享乐;stability稳定性;inability无能，无力;均不符合题意，故排除。【篇章分析】本题并非单纯的词义辨析，应该在篇章的基础上把握上下文暗示的信息。72.【快速解题】本题是介词词义辨析题。A【正确项分析】从statepensionage“领退休金的年龄”，和前文指出的老龄人口之众，可以判断overstatepensionage“达到国家法定领取退休金年龄”。故正确选项为选项A。【能力拓展】age不仅仅指年龄，还有很多其他搭配，表示“时期“，如theStoneAge石器时代;thecomputerage电脑时代。73.【快速解题】本题为词义辨析题。B【正确项分析】前文一直在说老年人教育问题，同时强调对这些人进行教育投入的必要性。该句作为第四段主题句，承接上文指出“学习应贯穿人的一生“。所以正确选项为B。【干扰项分析】practice练习，训练;instruct教导，命令;identify识别，鉴别。均可根据上下文排除。74.【快速解题】本题考查固定搭配。D【正确项分析】该句主语为concentration“集中，专注”，其后常跟介词on，构成concentrationon“集中于……”。因此答案为选项D。【能力拓展】英语中蕴含着丰富的词语搭配，考生在备考过程中有意识地对这些固定搭配进行识记，考试时便可从容应对。例如：liveon/by靠……生活，以……为食;liein在于;appealto呼吁，要求;aimat瞄准，针对。75.【快速解题】本题考查固定搭配。C【正确项分析】该句要求考生选择动词meet的固定搭配，从其句意可以判断出是“满足要求”之意，meettheneeds/requirements是常用的表达。因此正确选项为选项C。【干扰项分析】realm领域;intention意图，目的;desire期望，欲望。均可排除。【能力拓展】英语中有些动词常跟固定搭配的名词构成词组，如payattentionto注意;bringaccessto接近;layemphasison强调。考生应在备考中注意积累。76.【快速解题】本题为词汇辨析题。D【正确项分析】该句句意为“大多数教育预算集中在二十五岁以下的年轻人身上。”portion意为“一部分”，故正确选项为选项D。【干扰项分析】measure度量标准;ratio比率;area区域;均不符合题意77.【快速解题】本题考查上下文逻辑关系。A【正确项分析】该句为主从复合句，主句“处在各种年龄段的人们都渴望重新学习的机会”，从句作为一个时间状语指出当前的背景：人们工作和居住地不断变化，生活伴侣和生活方式也不断更新。因此应该选择选项A。【干扰项分析】whether引导让步状语从句，可迅速排除;until和before虽引导时间状语从句，但其表达的时间概念不符合本句句意。【篇章分析】该题所要填的是一个表示时间关系的连词，所以要138从句意上着手分析。78.【快速解题】本题考查词义辨析。C【正确项分析】通过对本句句式结构的分析可以看出，该空缺处应添一个与jobs，partners和lifestyles相并列的词汇，所以正确选项为选项C。【干扰项分析】mind思想;mood心情;neighbour邻居。比较起来home更加贴近文中的事实，“人们工作和居住地不断变化”。79.【快速解题】本题考查固定搭配。B【正确项分析】四个选项都有“之前”的意思，所以很难通过词义辨析选出正确答案。但与比较词than搭配时，应固定地使用ever，表示“比以前任何时候都……”，因此正确选项为选项B。【干扰项分析】formerly“从前，以前”，一般常用former，较少使用formerly;previously“先前，以前”;ago常与某一过去时间段搭配。80.【快速解题】本题考查上下文逻辑关系。A【正确项分析】本句是在前文基础上的一个例证，是为了更好地支撑前面的观点的。所以正确选项为A。【干扰项分析】bycontrast与……相对比;onaverage一般地;inparticular尤其，特别。均与上下文逻辑关系不符，故排除。81.【快速解题】本题是词义辨析题。C【正确项分析】本题不属于固定搭配的考查，因为四个选项都能与to构成搭配。此处说持续学习的重要性，中年阶段的学习会让人们更好地适应以后的生活。adjust“调整，调节，使适应”，因此正确选项为选项C。【干扰项分析】transform转换;suit适应;yield屈服。均不符合题意。82.【快速解题】本题考查固定搭配。D【正确项分析】该题非常简单，属于对常见短语搭配的考查。与transition搭配的介词为to，表示“向……过渡“。所以正确选项为选项D。83.【快速解题】本题为词义辨析题。B【正确项分析】atanypoint表明上述事情发生的不确定性，unpredictably“不可预知地”。因此正确选项为选项B。【干扰项分析】indirectly间接地;unfairly不公平地;instantly立即地。可排除。84.【快速解题】本题为词义辨析题。C【正确项分析】本句句意“有足够支配的钱支撑……。”available“可用的”，因此正确选项为选项C。【干扰项分析】feasible可行的;reliable可靠的，可信赖的;considerable值得考虑的，相当可观的。故排除。85.【快速解题】本题为词义辨析题。A【正确项分析】此处表达的意思为“塑造个性感觉”。sense“感觉，感知”，因此确定正确选项为选项A。【干扰项分析】project计划，工程;definition定义;conscience良心，道德心。【篇章分析】本题干扰项具有很大的迷惑性，很容易导致误选。这就要求考生平时对相关的近义词进行辨析，分清他们的侧重点，同时还要从语篇的角度分析空缺处的意义。13986.【快速解题】本题为词义辨析题。D【正确项分析】此处为“发挥建设性作用”。因此正确选项为选项D。【干扰项分析】ideal理想;asset资产，有用的东西;rank等级。故可排除。全文精译今天发表的一项新的人口研究报告表明：老年人要想不成为社会的负担，继续发挥余热，就必须有更多学习机会。该报告声称：现在的教育方法倾向于年轻人和技能性训练，难以应对人口结构变化的挑战。占人口总数三分之一的老年人只占有百分之一的教育预算。这些挑战包括：多数人三分之一的生命将在退休后度过;五十九岁以上人数高于十六岁以下人数;一千一百三十万人达到了国家法定领取退休金年龄。报告的作者史蒂芬•迈克威尔教授说：“学习应该贯穿人生的整个过程，我们以前的政策重心和资源配置更多偏重于年轻人，难以适应新的需求。绝大多数教育预算集中在二十五岁以下的年轻人身上。当今社会由于人们工作和居住地不断变化，生活伴侣和生活方式也不断更新，处在各种年龄段的人们都渴望重新学习的机会。”例如，该报告指出有些人到了五十多岁又重新开始创业。人们需要一个“中年回首”的机会来适应以后的工作生涯，规划退休后的角色转化。这种转化可以发生在五十岁到九十多岁的漫长时间内。应该有更多的资金来保证人们塑造个性和在“第三年龄段”发挥建设性作用。87.hadfollowedmyinstructions/orders【结构分析】本句的主语是You。谓语动词是wouldnothavefailed。ifyouhadfollowedmyinstructions是if引导的条件状语从句。【要点解析】本题考查的是虚拟语气的用法。①if从句的虚拟语气考查，根据语法规定，如果主句中出现would+have的形式，从句中应该采用had+过去分词的结构。②“按照……的指令”可表达为followmyinstructions/orders。③根据主句的wouldnothavefailed结构就可以推断这是对过去事实的虚拟，那么从句则是had+done结构，所以答案为youhadfollowedmyinstructions/orders。【原句精译】如果你按照我的指令去做，就不会失败了。88.gaveuppursuingknowledge【结构分析】本句的主语是Mark。谓语是gaveuppursuingknowledge。despitethehardshipheencountered是despite引导的状语从句。【要点解析】本题考查动词give的搭配。①“放弃”可译为giveup。②encounterthehardship也是非常重要的固定搭配，意为“遇到困难”。需要填写的部分应该采用过去时。③“对知识的追求”可译为pursuingknowledge.【原句精译】尽管马克遇到困难，但是他从未放弃对知识的追求【能力拓展】动词give的常见搭配。①giveup放弃，交出例：Whenyougraduate,willyougiveupyourstudy?你毕业后会140不会放弃学习?②giveoneselfupto献身于，沉溺于，热衷于例：Theboygiveshimselfuptoelectronicgames.这个男孩沉溺于电子游戏。③giveaway泄露，出卖例：Hegavemysecretaway.他泄露了我的秘密。④givein屈服，让步例：Youmustgiveinyourexaminationpapersnow.你们现在必须把试卷交上来。89.beforewefindthemethodsofcuringcancers/beforewefindthecureforcancer【结构分析】本句的主语是Scientists，谓语是agree，thatitwillbealongtime是that引导的宾语从句，beforewefindthemethodsofcuringcancers是before引导的时间状语从句。【要点解析】“治愈”可译为cure，而不应译为treat，treat是“治疗”的意思。cure有疗法的意思，所以治愈癌症的方法还可以译为cureforcancer。根据句子的已知部分，可以判断出填写的部分用一般现在时【原句精译】科学家们认为，要过很长时间才能找到治愈癌症的方法。【能力拓展】before引导的状语从句。①句型A：it+be+一段时间+before…：意思是“要过很久才会……”。例：ThefieldresearchwilltakeJohnandMikeaboutfivemonths;itwillbealongtimebeforewemeetthemagain.实地考察要花约翰和迈克五个月的时间;他们过很久才会再见面。②句型B：itwassometimebefore…：意思是“在……之前过了一段时间”。例：Hewastoldthatitwouldbeatleastthreemoremonthsbeforehecouldrecoverandreturntowork.他被告知至少过三个月才能康复，重返工作岗位。90.keeppacewiththeconstantlyincreasingdemandsofconsumers或keepupwiththeconstantlygrowingneedsofconsumers【结构分析】本句的主语是Production，谓语是hastobeincreased，后面的tokeeppacewiththeconstantlyincreasingdemandsofconsumers是目的状语。【要点解析】①固定搭配“与……保持同步”，可以翻译为keeppacewith或keepupwith。②“不断增长的”，可以翻译为increasing，growing或rising。③“需求”可翻译为demands或needs。④“消费者”翻译为consumer。【原句精译】只有大幅提高产量才能与消费者不断增长的需求保持同步。【能力拓展】①keeppacewith和……并驾齐驱，跟上例：Wemustworkhardtokeeppacewiththedevelopmentofmoderntechnology.我们必须努力学习才能跟上现代科技的发展。②keepupwith赶得上，和……保持联系例：Studentsmustworkhardtokeepupwiththeirschoolwork.学生必须努力学习才能跟上功课。91.thefewerchancesyouwillhaveofcatchingacold【结构分析】本句的前半部分是从句，后半部分是主句。主句的主语是You。谓语是willhave。【要点解析】本题主要考查themore，theless的用法。其用法与themore，themore一致，可翻141译为“越……越……”。①固定搭配“可能做某事”，可翻译为belikelytodosth;②固定搭配“感冒”，可翻译为catchacold。【原句精译】锻炼越多，你越不大可能感冒。【能力拓展】“越……越……”句型：这种句型表达为：the+比较级+句子，the+比较级+句子。若themore修饰名词，则名词要提前，直接置于themore后，如试题中句子：Themoreexerciseyoutake,thefewerchancesyouwillhaveofcatchingacold注意：资料收集于网上，仅供参考。2009年6月英语四级考试真题与答案真题：PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutetowriteashortessayonthetopicofstudentsselectingtheirlectures.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbellow:1.越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？2.也会带来一些问题3.你的看法？FreeadmissiontomuseumsPartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.HowDoYouSeeDiversity?Asamanager,Tiffanyisresponsibleforinterviewingapplicantsforsomeofthepositionswithhercompany.Duringoneinterview,shenoticedthatthecandidatenevermadedirecteyecontact.Shewaspuzzledandsomewhatdisappointedbecauseshelikedtheindividualotherwise.Hehadaperfectresumeandgavegoodresponsestoherquestions,butthefactthatheneverlookedherintheeyesaid“untrustworthy,”soshedecidedtoofferthejobtohersecondchoice.“Itwasn’tuntilIattendedadiversityworkshopthatIrealizedthepersonwepassedoverwastheperfect142person,”Tiffanyconfesses.Whatshehadn’tknownatthetimeoftheinterviewwasthatthecandidate’s“different”behaviorwassimplyaculturalmisunderstanding.HewasanAsian-Americanraisedinahouseholdwhererespectforthoseinauthoritywasshownbyaverting(避开)youreyes.“Iwasjustthrownoffbythelackofyecontact;notrealizingitwascultural,”Tiffanysays.“Imissedout,butwillnotmissthatopportunityagain.”Manyofushavehadsimilarencounterswithbehaviorsweperceiveasdifferent.Astheworldbecomessmallerandourworkplacesmorediverse,itisbecomingessentialtoexpandourunder-standingofothersandtoreexaminesomeofourfalseassumptions.HireAdvantageAtatimewhenhiringqualifiedpeopleisbecomingmoredifficult,employerswhocaneliminateinvalidbiases(偏爱)fromtheprocesshaveadistinctadvantage.Mycompany,MindsetsLLC,helpsorganizationsandindividualsseetheirownblindspots.Arealestaterecruiterweworkedwithillustratesthepositivedifferencesuchtrainingcanmake.“DuringmyMindsetscoachingsession,Iwastaughthowtorecruitadiversifiedworkforce.Irecruitedpeoplefromdifferentculturesandskillsets.Theagentswereabletoutilizetheirfullpotentialandexperiencestobuildupthecompany.Whentherealestatemarketbegantochange,itwasbecausewehadadiverseagentpoolthatwewereabletostayintherealestatemarketmuchlongerthanothersinthesameprofession.”BlindedbyGenderDaleisanaccountexecutivewhoattendedoneofmyworkshopsonsupervisingadiverseworkforce.“Throughoneofthesessions,Idiscoveredmypersonalbias,”herecalls.“IlearnedIhadnotbeenlookingatapersonasawholeperson,andbeingopentodifferences.”Inhiscase,theblindnesswasnotaboutculturebutrathergender.“Ihadamanagementpositionopeninmydepartment;andthetwofinalistswereamanandawoman.HadInotattendedthisworkshop,Iwouldhaveautomaticallyassumedthemanwasthebestcandidatebecausethepositionrequiredquiteabitofextensivetravel.Myreasoningwouldhavebeenthateventhoughbothcandidatesweregreatandcouldhavebeensuccessfulintheposition,Iassumedthewomanwouldhavewantedtobehomewithherchildrenandnottravel.”Dale’sassumptionsareanotherexampleofthewell-intentionedbutincorrect143thinkingthatlimitsanorganization’sabilitytotapintothefullpotentialofadiverseworkforce.“Ilearnedfromtheclassthatinsteadofimposingmygenderbiasesintothesituation,Ineededtopresentthefullrangeofduties,responsibilitiesandexpectationstoallcandidatesandallowthemtomakeaninformeddecision.”Dalecreditstheworkshop,“becauseithelpedmemakedecisionsbasedonfairness.”YearoftheKnow-It-AllDougisanothersupervisorwhoattendedoneofmyworkshops.Herecallsamajorlessonlearnedfromhisownemployee.“OneofmymostembarrassingmomentswaswhenIhadaChinese-AmericanemployeeputinarequesttotaketimeofftocelebrateChineseNewYear.Inmyignorance,Iassumedhehadhisdateswrong,asthefirstofJanuaryhadjustpassed.WhenIadvisedhimofthis,Igavehimalongtalking-toaboutturninginrequestsearlywiththeproperdates.“Hepatientlywaited,thenwhenIwasdone,hesaidhewouldlikeChineseNewYeardidnotbeginJanuaryfirst,andthatChineseNewYear,whichistiedtothelunarcycle,isoneofthemostcelebratedholidaysontheChinesecalendar.Needlesstosay,Ifeltveryembarrassedinassuminghehadhisdatesmixedup.ButIlearnedagreatdealaboutassumptions,andthatthetimingofholidaysvariesconsiderablyfromculturetoculture.“AttendingthediversityworkshophelpedmerealizehowmuchIcouldlearnbysimplyaskingquestionsandcreatingdialogueswithmyemployees,ratherthanmakingassumptionsandtryingtobeaknow-it-all,”Dougadmits.“ThebiggestthingItookawayfromtheworkshopislearninghowtobemore‘inclusive’todifferences.”AbetterBottomLineAnopenmindaboutdiversitynotonlyimprovesorganizationsinternally,itisprofitableaswell.Thesecommentsfromacustomerservicerepresentativeshowhowaninclusiveattitudecanimprovesales.”MostofmycustomersspeakEnglishasasecondlanguage.Oneofthebestthingsmycompanyhasdoneistocontractwithalanguageservicethatofferstranslationsoverthephone.Itwasn’tuntilmybossreceivedMindsets’trainingthatshewasabletounderstandhowimportantinclusivenesswastocustomerservice.Asresult,ourcustomerbasehasincreased.”Oncewestarttoseepeopleasindividuals.anddiscardthestereotypes,wecanmovepositivelytoward144inclusivenessforeveryone.Diversityisaboutcomingtogetherandtakingadvantageofourdifferencesandsimilarities.Itisaboutbuildingbettercommunitiesandorganizationsthatenhanceusasindividualsandreinforceoursharedhumanity.Whenwebegintoquestionourassumptionsandchallengewhatwethinkwehavelearnedfromourpast,fromthemedia,peers,family,friends,etc,webegintorealizethatsomeofourconclusionsareflawed(有缺陷的)orcontrarytoourfundamentalvalues.Weneedtotrainour-selvestothinkdifferently,shiftourmindsetsandrealizethatdiversityopensdoorsforallofus,creatingopportunitiesinorganizationsandcommunitiesthatbenefiteveryone.1.WhatbotheredTiffanyduringaninterviewwithhercandidate?A)Hejustwouldn’tlookherintheeye.B)Hewasslowinansweringherquestions.C)Hisanswerstosomeofherquestionswereirrelevant.D)Hisanswerstosomeofherquestionswereirrelevant.2.Tiffany’smisjudgmentaboutthecandidatestemmedfrom.A)Racialstereotypes.C)Racialstereotypes.B)Invalidpersonalbias.D)Emphasisonphysicalappearance3.Whatisbecomingessentialinthecourseofeconomicglobalizationaccordingtotheauthor?A)Hiringqualifiedtechnicalandmanagementpersonnel.B)Increasingunderstandingofpeopleofothercultures.C)Constantlyupdatingknowledgeandequipment.D)Expandingdomesticandinternationalmarkets.4.WhatkindoforganizationisMindsetsLLC?A)Arealestateagency.C)Aculturalexchangeorganization.B)Apersonneltrainingcompany.D)Ahi-techcompany5.Afteroneoftheworkshops,accountexecutiveDalerealizedthat.A)Hehadhiredthewrongperson.B)Hecouldhavedonemoreforhiscompany.C)Hehadnotmanagedhisworkforcewell.D)Hemustgetridofhisgenderbias.6.WhatdidDalethinkofMindsetsLLC’sworkshop?A)Itwaswell-intentionedbutpoorlyconducted.B)Ittappedintotheexecutives’fullpotential.145C)Ithelpedhimmakefairdecisions.D)Itmetparticipants’diverseneeds.7.HowdidDoug,asupervisor,respondtoaChinese-Americanemployee’srequestforleave?A)Hetoldhimtogetthedatesright.C)HeflatlyturneditdownB)Hedemandedanexplanation.D)Hereadilyapprovedit.8.Dougfeltwhenherealizedthathisassumptionwaswrong.9.AfterattendingMindsets’workshops,theparticipantscametoknowtheimportanceoftotheirbusiness.10.Whenweviewpeopleasindividualsandgetridofstereotypes,wecanachievediversityandbenefitfromthebetweenus.PartIVReadingComprehension(readingindepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinbankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.EveryyearinthefirstweekofmyEnglishclass,somestudentsinformmethatwrithingistoohard.Theyneverwrite,unlessassignments47it.Theyfinethewritingprocess48anddifficult.Howawfultobeabletospeakinalanguagebutnottowriteinit-49English,withitsrichvocabulary.Beingabletospeakbutnotwriteislikelivinginan50mansion(豪宅)andneverleavingonesmallroom.WhenImeetstudentswhothinktheycan’twrite,Iknowasateachermy51istoshowthemtherestoftherooms.Mytaskistobuildfluencywhileprovidingtheopportunityinherentinanywritingactivityto52themoralandemotionaldevelopmentofmystudents.Onegreatwaytodothisisbyhavingstudentswriteinajournalinclasseveryday.Writingabilityislikestrengthtraining.Writingneedstobedone53,justlikeexercise;justasmusclesgrowstrongerwithexercise,writingskillsimprovequicklywithwritingpractice.Ioftenseearise146instudentconfidenceand54afteronlyafewweeksofjournalwriting.ExpressingoneselfinwritingisoneofthemostimportantskillsIteachtostrengthenthewholestudent.Whenmystudentspracticejournalwriting,theyarepracticingfortheirfutureacademic,political,and55lives.Theybuildskillssothatsomedaytheymightwriteagreatnovel,apieceofsorelyneededlegislation,ortheperfectloveletter.Everydaythattheywriteintheirjournalsputsthemastep56tofluency,eloquence(雄辩),andcommandoflanguage.A)closerI)painfulB)dailyJ)performanceC)emotionalK)professionD)enhanceL)remarkablyE)enormousM)requireF)especiallyN)sensitiveG)hinderO)urgeH)missionSectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheJanuaryfashionshow,calledFutureFashion,exemplifiedhowfargreendesignhascome.OrganizedbytheNewYork-basednonprofitEarthPledge,theshowinspiredmanytopdesignerstoworkwithsustainablefabricsforthefirsttime.Severalhavesincemadepledgestoincludeorganicfabricsintheirlines.Thedesignerswhoundertakegreenfashionstillfacemanychallenges.ScottHahn,cofounderwithGregoryofRoganandLoomstate,whichusesall-organiccotton,sayshigh-qualitysustainablematerialscanstillbetoughtofine.“Mostdesignerswithexistinglabelsarefindingtherearen’tcomparablefabricsthatcanjustreplacewhatyou’redoingandshatyourcustomersareusedto,”hesays.Forexample,organiccottonandnon-organiccottonarevirtuallyindistinguishableoncewovenintoadress.Butsomepopularsynthetics,likestretchnylon,stillhavefeweco-friendlyequivalents.Thosewhodomaketheswitcharefindingtheyhave147moresupport.LastyeartheinfluentialtradeshowDesigners&Agentsstoppedchargingitsparticipationfeeforyounggreenentrepreneurs(企业家)whoattenditstwospringtimeshowsinLosAngelesandNewYorkandgavespecialrecognitiontodesignerswhosecollectionsareatleast25%sustainable.Itnowcountsmorethan50greendesigners,upfromfewerthanadozentwoyearsago.ThisweekWal-Martissettoannounceamajorinitiativeaimedathelpingcottonfarmersgoorganic:itwillbuytransitional(过渡型的)cottonathigherprices,thushelpingtoexpandthesupplyofakeysustainablematerial.“Mainstreamisabouttooccur,”saysHahn.Someanalysts(分析师)arelesssure.Amongconsumers,only18%areevenawarethatecofashionexists,upfrom6%fouryearsago.NatalieHormilla,afashionwriter,isanexampleoftheunconvertedconsumer,whenaskedifsheownedanysustainableclothes,shereplied:“NotthatI’mawareof.”Likemostconsumers,shefindslittletimetoshop,andwhenshedoes,she’sonthehuntfor“cutestuffthatisn’ttooexpensive.”Byherownadmission,greenjustisn’tyetonhermind.But–thankstothecombinedeffortsofdesigners,retailersandsuppliers–onedayitwillbe.57.WhatissaidaboutFutureFashion?A)Itinspiredmanyleadingdesignerstostartgoinggreen.B)Itshowedthatdesignersusingorganicfabricswouldgofar.C)Itservedasanexampleofhowfashionshowsshouldbeorganized.D)Itconvincedthepublicthatfashionableclothesshouldbemadedurable.58.AccordingtoScottHahn,onebigchallengetodesignerswhowillgoorganicisthat.A)muchmoretimeisneededtofinishadressusingsustainablematerials.B)theyhavetocreatenewbrandsforclothesmadeoforganicmaterials.C)customershavedifficultytellingorganicfromnon-organicmaterials.D)qualityorganicreplacementsforsyntheticsarenotreadilyavailable.59.WelearnfromParagraph3thatdesignerswhoundertakegreenfashion.A)canattendvarioustradeshowsfree.B)arereadilyrecognizedbythefashionworldC)canbuyorganiccottonatfavorableprices.148D)aregainingmoreandmoresupport.60.WhatisNatalieHormilla’sattitudetowardecofashion?A)Shedoesn’tseemtocareaboutit.C)Sheisdoubtfulofitspracticalvalue.B)Shedoesn’tthinkitissustainableD)Sheisverymuchopposedtotheidea61.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofgreenfashion?A)Greenproductswillsoongomainstream.B)Ithasaverypromisingfuture.C)Consumershavethefinalsay.D)Itwillappealmoretoyoungpeople.PassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Scientistshavedevisedawaytodetermineroughlywhereapersonhaslivedusingastrand(缕)ofhair,atechniquethatcouldhelptrackthemovementsofcriminalsuspectsorunidentifiedmurdervictims.Themethodreliesonmeasuringhowchemicalvariationsindrinkingwatershowupinpeople’shair.“You’rewhatyoueatanddrink,andthat’srecordedinyouhair,”saidThureCerling,ageologistattheUniversityofUtah.WhileU.Sdietisrelativelyidentical,watersuppliesvary.Thedifferencesresultfromweatherpatterns.Thechemicalcompositionofrainfallchangesslightlyasraidcloudsmove.Mosthydrogenandoxygenatomsinwaterarestable,buttracesofbothelementsarealsopresentasheavierisotopes(同位素).Theheaviestraidfallsfirst.Asaresult,stormsthatformoverthePacificdeliverheavierwatertoCaliforniathantoUtah.SimilarpatternsexistthroughouttheU.S.Bymeasuringtheproportionofheavierhydrogenandoxygenisotopesalongastrandofhair,scientistscanconstructageographictimeline.Eachinchofhaircorrespondstoabouttwomonths.Cerling’steamcollectedtapwatersamplesfrom600citiesandconstructedamopoftheregionaldifferences.Theycheckedtheaccuracyofthemapbytesting200hairsamplescollectedfrom65barbershops.Theywereabletoaccuratelyplacethehairsamplesinbroadregionsroughlycorrespondingtothemovementofraidsystems.“It’snotgoodforpinpointing(精确定位),”Cerlingsaid.“It’sgoodforeliminatingmanypossibilities.”ToddPark,alocaldetective,saidthemethodhashelpedhimlearnmoreaboutanunidentifiedwomanwhoseskeletonwasfoundnearGreatSaltLake.149KimiyukiSudashouldbeaperfectcustomerforJapan’scar-makers.He’sayoung,successfulexecutiveatanInternet-servicescompanyinTokyoandhasplentyofdisposable67.HeusedtoownToyota’sHiluxSurf,asportutilityvehicle.Butnowheuses68subwaysandgrains.“It’snotinconvenientatall,”hesays69,“havingacarisso20thcentury.”Sudareflectsaworrisome70inJapan;theautomobileislosingitsemotionalappeal,71amongtheyoung,whoprefertospendtheirmoneyonthelatestelectronicdevices.72mini-carsandluxuryforeignbrandsarestillpopular,everythinginbetweenis73.Lastyearssalesfell6.7percent,7.6percent74youdon’tcountthemini-carmarket.Therehavebeen75one-yeardropsinothernations:salesinGermanyfell9percentin200776ataxincrease.ButexpertssayJapanis77inthatsaleshavebeendecreasingsteadily78time.Since1990,yearlynew-carsaleshavefallenfrom7.8millionto5.4millionunitsin2007.Thewomanwas5feettall.Policerecovered26bones,aT-shirtandseveralstrandsofhair.WhenParkheardabouttheresearch,hegavethehairsamplestotheresearchers.Chemicaltestingshowedthatoverthetwoyearsbeforeherdeath,shemovedabouteverytwomonths.ShestayedintheNorthwest,althoughthetestcouldnotbemorespecificthansomewherebetweeneasternOregonandwesternWyoming.“It’sstillasubstantialarea,”Parksaid“Butitnarrowsitwaydownforme.”62.Whatisthescientists’newdiscovery?A)One’shairgrowthhastodowiththeamountofwatertheydrink.B)Aperson’shairmayrevealwheretheyhavelived.C)Hairanalysisaccuratelyidentifiescriminalsuspects.D)Thechemicalcompositionofhairvariesfrompersontoperson.63.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“You’rewhatyoueatanddrink”(Line1,Para.3)?A)Foodanddrinkaffectone’spersonalitydevelopment.B)Foodanddrinkpreferencesvarywithindividuals.C)Foodanddrinkleavetracesinone’sbodytissues.D)Foodanddrinkareindispensabletoone’sexistence.64.WhatissaidabouttherainfallinAmerica’sWest?A)ThereismuchmorerainfallinCaliforniathaninUtah.B)Thewateritdeliversbecomeslighterwhenitmovesinland.C)Itschemicalcompositionislessstablethaninotherareas.D)Itgathersmorelightisotopesasitmoveseastward.65.WhatdidCerling’steamproduceintheirresearch?A)Amapshowingtheregionaldifferencesoftapwater.B)Acollectionofhairsamplesfromvariousbarbershops.C)Amethodtomeasuretheamountofwaterinhumanhair.D)Achartillustratingthemovementoftherainsystem.66.WhatisthepracticalvalueofCerling’sresearch?A)Ithelpsanalyzethequalityofwaterindifferentregions.B)Ithelpsthepolicedeterminewhereacrimeiscommitted.C)Ithelpsthepolicenarrowdownpossibilitiesin150detectivework.D)Ithelpsidentifythedrinkinghabitsofthepersonunderinvestigation.PartVCloze(15minutes)PartVITranslation(5minutes)Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.87.Soonafterhetransferredtothenewschool,Alifoundthathehad(很难跟上班里的同学)inmathandEnglish.88.Ifshehadreturnedanhourearlier,Mary(就不会被大雨淋湿了).89.Itissaidthatthosewhoarestressedorworkingovertimeare(更有可能增加体重).90.(很多人所没有意识到的)isthatSimonisaloverofsports.andfootballinparticular.91.Thestudyshowsthatthepoorfunctioningofthehumanbodyis(与缺乏锻炼密切相关)15167.A)profitC)incomeB)paymentD)budget68.A)mostlyC)occasionallyB)partiallyD)rarely69.A)ThereforeC)OtherwiseB)BesidesD)Consequently70.A)driftC)currentB)tideD)trend71.A)remarkablyC)speciallyB)essentiallyD)particularly72.A)WhileC)WhenB)BecauseD)Since73.A)surgingC)slippingB)stretchingD)shaking74.A)unlessC)asB)ifD)after75.A)lowerC)broaderB)slighterD)larger76.A)liabletoC)thankstoB)intermsofD)inviewof77.A)uniqueC)mysteriousB)similarD)strange78.A)overC)onB)againstD)behindAlarmedbythisstateof79,theJapanAutomobileManufacturersAssociation(JAMA)80acomprehensivestudyofthemarketin2006.Itfoundthata81wealthgap,demographic(人口结构的)changesand82lackofinterestincarsledJapanesetoholdtheir83longer,replacetheircarswithsmallerones84giveupcarownershipaltogether.JAMA85afurthersalesdeclineof1.2percentthisyear.Someexpertsbelievethatifthetrendcontinuesformuchlonger,furtherconsolidation(合并)intheautomotivesectoris86.79.A)messC)growthB)boomD)decay80.A)proceededC)launchedB)relievedD)revised81.A)quickeningC)strengtheningB)wideningD)lengthening82.A)averageC)abundantB)massiveD)general83.A)labelsC)vehiclesB)cyclesD)devices84.A)orC)butB)untilD)then85.A)concludesC)reckonsB)predictsD)prescribes86.A)distantC)temporaryB)likelyD)immediate参考答案PartIWritingFreeAdmissiontoMuseums（满分版）Nowadays,anincreasingnumberofmuseumsareadmission-freetovisitorshomeandabroad.Thehiddenreasonbehindthisisnothardtoanalyzeasthere’sagrowingawarenessfortheauthoritiesregardingtheurgencyofpopularizationofculture,knowledgeandhistorywitheveryaveragepersoninoursociety.Onlywithfreeaccesstothislive‘database’,canmostpeoplefullyenjoywhatmuseumscouldoffertothem.However,freeadmissiontomuseumsmightleadtosomesocialproblemsaswell.Themostobviousproblemisthatitmightgivemuseumsaveryheavyeconomicburdenwhichdirectlyimpedesthesustainabledevelopmentoftheseorganizations.Asaresult,ourgovernmenthastoworkoutotherwaystocollectfundsfromdifferentchannels,whichmightbedifficulttooperateorcontrol.Ontheotherhand,freeadmissionattractstoomanyvisitors,someofwhichmightnotbewell-purposedanddosomeconsciousorunconsciousdamagetothevaluabletreasureswhichusedtobewell-preservedinthemuseums.Asauniversitystudent,Iaminfavorofthefree-admissionconduct.Yetitisproposedthatsomemeasuresshouldbetakentosolvethepotentialproblemscausedbyit.Forexample,museumscanmakesomeregulationstoguidethebehaviorofvisitorsorsetsome‘closed’daysformuseumsforregularmaintenance.Onlyinthiswaycanfree-admissiontomuseumsbecomealong-lastingphenomenonandhavesustainabledevelopment.PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)阅读答案1.A.Hejustwouldn’tlookherinthedye。2.Cculturalignorance3.BIncreasingunderstandingofpeopleofothercultures。4.BApersonneltrainingcompany。5.Dhemustgetridofhisgenderbias6.CIthelpedhimmakefairdecisions。7.AHetoldhimtogetthedatesright。8.embarrassed9.inclusiveness10.differencesandsimilarities15247.Mrequire48.Ipainful49.Fespecially50.Eenormous51.Hmission52.Denhance53.Bdaily54.Jperformance55.Kprofession56Adaily57Aitinspiredmanyleadingdesignerstostartgoinggree58Dqualityorganicreplacementsforsyntheticsarenotreadilyavailable59Daregainingmoreandmoresupport60Ashedoesn\'tseemtocareaboutit61Bithasaverypromisingfuture62Baperson\'shairmayrevealwheretheyhavelived。63Cfoodanddrinkleavetracesinone\'sbodytissues64Bthewateritdeliversbecomeslighterwhenitmovesinland。65Dachartillustratingthemovementoftherainsystem。66Cithelpsthepolicenarrowdownpossibililitiesindetectivework。完型：67.D.budget68.A.mostly69.B.besides70.D.trend71.D.particularly72.A.while73.D.shaking74.B.if75.D.larger76.D.inviewof77.A.unique78.A.over79.D.decay80.A.proceeded81.B.widening82.B.massive83.C.vehicles84.A.or85.B.predict86.B.likely翻译87.difficulty(in)catchingupwithhisclassmates88.wouldn’thavebeencaughtbytherain89.morelikelytoputonweight90.Whatmanypeopledon’trealize91.closelyrelativetothelackofexercise注意：资料收集于网上，仅供参考。2008年12月大学英语四级考试真题PartIWriting（30minutes）Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledLimitingtheUseofDisposablePlasticBag.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1.一次性塑料袋的使用2.使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题3.限制一次性塑料袋的意义LimitingtheUseofDisposablePlasticBag153________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.That’senough,kidsItwasalovelydayattheparkandStellaBianchiwasenjoyingthesunshinewithhertwochildrenwhenayoungboy,agedaboutfour,approachedhertwo-year-oldsonandpushedhimtotheground.“I’dwatchedhimforalittlewhileandmysonwasthefourthorfifthchildhe’dshoved,”shesays.”Iwentovertothem,pickedupmyson,turnedtotheboyandsaid,firmly,’No,wedon’tpush,”Whathappenednextwasunexpected.“Theboy’smotherrantowardmefromacrossthepark,”Stellasays,”Ithoughtshewascomingovertoapologize,butinsteadshestartedshoutingatmefordiscipliningherchild,AllIdidwaslethimknowhisbehaviorwasunacceptable.WasIsupposedtositbackwhileherkiddidwhateverhewanted,hurtingotherchildrenintheprocess?”Gettingyourownchildrentoplayniceisdifficultenough.Dealingwithotherpeople’schildrenhasbecomeaminefield.Inmyhouse,jumpingonthesofaisnotallowed.Inmysister’shouseit’sencouraged.Forher,it’saboutkidsbeingkids:“Ifyoucan’tdoitatthree,whencanyoudoit?”Eachofthesephilosophiesisvalidand,ithastobesaid,mysonlovesvisitinghisaunt’shouse.ButIfindmyselfsaying“no”alotwhenherkidsareoveratmine.That’sOKbetweensistersbutbecomesdangerousterritorywhenyou’retalkingtothechildrenoffriendsoracquaintances.“Kidsaren’tallraisedthesame,”agreesProfessorNaomiWhiteofMonashUniversity.”Butthereisstillanideathatthey’rethepropertyoftheparent.Weseeourchildrenasanextensionofourselves,soifyou’resaying154thatmychildisbehavinginappropriately,thenthat’ssomehowacriticismofme.”Inthosecircumstances,it’sdifficulttoknowwhethertoapproachthechilddirectlyortheparentfirst.Therearetwoschoolsofthought.“I’dgotothechildfirst,”saysAndrewFuller,authorofTrickyKids.Usuallyaquietreminderthat’wedon’tdothathere’isenough.Kidsnavefinelytunedantennae(直觉)forhowtobehaveindifferentsettings.”Hepointsoutbringingitupwiththeparentfirstmaymakethemfeelneglectful,whichcouldcauseproblems.Ofcourse,approachingthechildfirstcanbringitsownheadaches,too.ThisiswhyWhiterecommendsthatyouapproachtheparentsfirst.Raiseyourconcernswiththeparentsifthey’rethereandaskthemtodealwithit,”shesays.Askedhowtoapproachaparentinthissituation,psychologistMeredithFulleranswers:“Explainyourneedsaswellasstressingtheimportanceofthefriendship.Prefaceyourremarkswithsomethinglike:’Iknowyou’llthinkI’msillybutinmyhouseIdon’twant…’”Whenitcomestosituationswhereyou’recaringforanotherchild,whiteisstraightforward:“commonsensemustprevail.Ifthingsdon’tgowell,thenhaveachat.”There’reacoupleofnewgreyareas.Physicalpunishment,onceacceptedfromanyadult,isnolongerappropriate.“Anewsetofconsiderationshascometotheforeaspartofthedebateabouthowwehandlechildren.”ForAndrewFuller,thechild-centricnatureofoursocietyhasaffectedeveryone:”Therulesaredifferentnowfromwhentoday’sparentsweregrowingup,”hesays,“Adultsarescaredofsaying:’don’tswear’,oraskingachildtostanduponabus.They’reworriedthattherewillbeconflictiftheypointthesethingsout–eitherfromolderchildren,ortheirparents.”Heseesitasalossofthesenseofcommonpublicgoodandpubliccourtesy(礼貌),andsaysthatadultssufferformitasmuchaschild.MeredithFulleragrees:“Acodeofconductishardtocreatewhenyou’relivinginaworldinwhicheveryoneisexhaustedfromoverworkandlackofsleep,andaworldinwhichnicepeopleareperceivedtofinishlast.”“It’saboutwhatI’mdoingandwhatIneed,”AndrewFullersays.”thedayswhenakidcamehomefromschoolandsaid,“Igotintotrouble”.Anddadsaid,‘youprobablydeservedit’.Areover.Nowtheparentsarecharginguptotheschooltohaveagoatteachers.”Thisjumpingtoourchildren’sdefenseispartofwhat155fuelsthe“walkingoneggshells”feelingthatsurroundsourdealingswithotherpeople’schildren.Youknowthatifyouremonstrate(劝诫)withthechild,you’regoingtohavetodealwiththeparent.It’sadmirabletobeprotectiveofourkids,butisitgood?“Childrenhavetolearntonegotiatetheworldontheirown,withinreasonableboundaries,”Whitesays.“Isuspectthatit’sonlycertainsectorsofthepopulationdoingtherunningtotheschool–better–educatedparentsareprobablymorelikelytobetooinvolved.”Whitebelievesournotionsofamorechild-centered,it’awayoftalkingabouttreatingourchildrenlikecommodities(商品).We’recenteredonthembutinwaysthatreflectpositivelyonus.Wetreatthemasobjectswhoseappearanceandachievementsaresomethingwecanbeproudof,ratherthanservethebestinterestsofthechildren.”Onewayover-worked,under-resourcedparentsshowcommitmenttotheirchildrenistoleaptotheirdefence.Backatthepark,Bianchi’intervention(干预)onherson’behalfendedinanundignifiedexchangeofinsultingwordswiththeotherboy’mother.AsBianchiapproachedtheparkbenchwhereshe’dbeensitting,othermumscameuptoherandcongratulatedherontakingastand.“Apparentlytheboyhadalongstandingreputationforbadbehaviourandhismumforevenworsebehaviourifhewaschallenged.”AndrewFullerdoesn’tbelievethatweshouldbeafraidofdealingwithotherpeople’skids.“lookatkidsthataren’tyourownasapotentialminefield,”hesays.Herecommendsthatwedon’tstaysilentoverinappropriatebehaviour,particularlywithregularvisitors.1.WhatdidStellaBianchiexpecttheyoungboy’smothertodowhenshetalkedtohim?A)makeanapologyB)comeovertointerveneC)disciplineherownboyD)takeherownboyaway2.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutdealingwithotherpeople’schildren?A)it’simportantnottohurttheminanywayB)it’snousetryingtostoptheirwrongdoingC)it’sadvisabletotreatthemasone’sownkidsD)it’spossibleforonetogetintolotsoftrouble3.AccordingtoprofessorNaomiwhiteofMonashuniversity,whenone’skidsarecriticized,theirparentswillprobablyfeel___________________________A)discouragedB)hurt156C)puzzledD)overwhelmed4.Whatshouldonedowhenseeingotherpeople’skidsmisbehaveaccordingtoAndrewfuller?A)talktothemdirectlyinamildwayB)complaintotheirparentspolitelyC)simplyleavethemaloneD)punishthemlightly5.Duetothechild-centricnatureofoursociety,______________________A)parentsareworriedwhentheirkidsswearatthemB)peoplethinkitimpropertocriticizekidsinpublicC)peoplearereluctanttopointourkids’wrongdoingsD)manyconflictsarisebetweenparentsandtheirkids6.Inaworldwhereeveryoneisexhaustedfromoverworkandlackofsleep,____________________________A)it’seasyforpeopletobecomeimpatientB)it’sdifficulttocreateacodeofconductC)it’simportanttobefriendlytoeverybodyD)it’shardforpeopletoadmireeachother7.Howdidpeopleusetorespondwhentheirkidsgotintotroubleatschool?A)they’dquestiontheteachersB)they’dchargeuptotheschoolC)they’dtellthekidstoclamdownD)They’dputtheblameontheirkids8.Professorwhitebelievesthatthenotionsofamorechild-centredsocietyshouldbe____________________9.Accordingtoprofessorwhite,today’sparentstreattheirchildrenassomethingthey___________________10.Andrewfullersuggeststhat,whenkidsbehaveinappropriately,peopleshouldnot______________________PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D],anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.11.A)Onlytruefriendshipcanlastlong.B)Letterwritingisgoingoutofstyle.C)Shekeepsinregulartouchwithherclassmates.D)Shehaslostcontactwithmostofheroldfriends.12.A)Apainter.C)Aporter.157B)Amechanic.D)Acarpenter.13.A)Lookforaplacenearheroffice.C)Makeinquirieselsewhere.B)Findanewjobdownthestreet.D)Rentthe$600apartment.14.A)Hepreferstowearjeanswithalargerwaist.B)Hehasbeenextremelybusyrecently.C)Hehasgainedsomeweightlately.D)HeenjoyedgoingshoppingwithJaneyesterday.15.A)Thewomanpossessesanaturalforart.B)Womenhaveabetterartistictastethanmen.C)Heisn’tgoodatabstractthinking.D)Hedoesn’tlikeabstractpaintings.16.A)Shecouldn’thavelefthernotebookinthelibrary.B)shemayhaveputhernotebookamidthejournals.C)sheshouldhavemadecarefulnoteswhiledoingreading.D)sheshouldn’thavereadhisnoteswithouthisknowingit.17.A)shewantstogetsomesleepC)shehasaliteratureclasstoattendB)sheneedstimetowriteapaperD)sheistroubledbyhersleepproblem18.A)Heisconfidenthewillgetthejob.B)Hischanceofgettingthejobisslim.C)Itisn’teasytofindaqualifiedsalesmanager.D)Theinterviewdidn’tgoaswellasheexpected.Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Hecanmanagehistimemoreflexibly.B)Hecanrenewcontactwithhisoldfriends.C)Hecanconcentrateonhisownprojects.D)Hecanlearntodoadministrativework.20.A)Readingitsadsinthenewspapers.B)Callingitspersonneldepartment.C)Contactingitsmanager.D)Searchingitswebsite.21.A)Tocutdownitsproductionexpenses.B)Tosolvetheproblemofstaffshortage.C)Toimproveitsadministrativeefficiency.D)Toutilizeitsretiredemployees’resources.Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.22.A)Buyatractor.B)Fixahouse.C)Seeapieceofproperty.D)Singabusinesscontract.23.A)Itisonlyfortymilesformwheretheylive.158B)Itisasmallonewithatwo-bedroomhouse.C)Itwasalargegardenwithfreshvegetables.D)Ithasalargegardenwithfreshvegetables.24.A)Growingpotatoeswillinvolvelesslabor.B)Itssoilmaynotbeverysuitableforcorn.C)Itmaynotbebigenoughforraisingcorn.D)Raisingpotatoeswillbemoreprofitable.25.A)FinancesB)EquipmentC)LaborD)ProfitsSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26A)Tointroducethechiefofthecity’spoliceforceB)TocommentonatalkbyadistinguishedguestC)ToaddresstheissueofcommunitysecurityD)Toexplainthefunctionsofthecitycouncil27A)HehasdistinguishedhimselfincitymanagementB)HeisheadoftheInternationalPoliceForceC)HecompletedhishighereducationabroadD)Heholdsamaster’sdegreeincriminology28A)TocoordinateworkamongpolicedepartmentsB)TogetpoliceofficersclosertothelocalpeopleC)TohelptheresidentsintimesofemergencyD)Toenablethepolicetotakepromptaction29A)PopularB)discouragingC)effectiveD)controversialPassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30A)peoplediffergreatlyintheirabilitytocommunicateB)therearenumerouslanguagesinexistenceC)MostpubliclanguagesareinherentlyvagueD)Biggapsexistbetweenprivateandpubliclanguages31A)itisasignofhumanintelligenceB)inimproveswithconstantpracticeC)itissomethingwearebornwithD)itvariesfrompersontoperson32A)howprivatelanguagesaredevelopedB)howdifferentlanguagesarerelated159C)howpeoplecreatetheirlanguagesD)howchildrenlearntouselanguagePassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33A)shewasatailorB)shewasanengineerC)shewasaneducatorD)shewasapublicspeaker34.A)Basingthemonscience-fictionmovies.B)IncludinginterestingexamplesinthemC)AdjustingthemtodifferentaudiencesD)Focusingonthelatestprogressinspacescience35.A)WhetherspacemencarryweaponsB)HowspacesuitsprotectspacemenC)HowNASAtrainsitsspacemenD)WhatspacemencatanddrinkSectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Crimeisincreasingworldwide.Thereiseveryreasontobelievethe(36)____willcontinuethroughthenextfewdecades.Crimerateshavealwaysbeenhighinmulticultural,industrializedsocietiessuchastheUnitedStates,butanew(37)____hasappearedontheworld(38)____rapidlyrisingcrimeratesinnationsthatpreviouslyreportedfew(39)____.Streetcrimessuchasrobbery,rape(40)___andautotheftareclearlyrising(41)___ineasternEuropeancountriessuchasHungaryandinwesternEuropeannationssuchastheunitedKingdom.Whatisdrivingthiscrime(42)____?Therearenosimpleanswers.Still，therearecertainconditions(43)_______withrisingcrimeincreasingheterogeneity(混杂)ofpopulations,greaterculturalpluralism,higherimmigration,democratizationofgovernment,(44)_________________________________________________.Theseconditionsareincreasinglyobservablearoundtheworld.Forinstance,culturesthatwerepreviouslyisolatedandhomogeneous(同种类的),suchasJapan,Denmarkand160Greece(45)_______________________.Multiculturalismcanbearewarding,enrichingexperience,butitcanalsoleadtoaclashofvalues.Heterogeneityinsocietieswillbetheruleinthetwenty-firstcentury,and(46)_______________________PartIVReadingComprehension（ReadinginDepth）（25minutes）SectionAQuestion47-56Abooklesslifeisanincompletelife.Booksinfluencethedepthandbreadthoflife.Theymeetthenatural______47_____forfreedom,forexpression,forcreativityandbeautyoflife.Learners,therefore,musthavebooks,andtherighttypeofbook,forthesatisfactionoftheirneed.Readersturn______48_____tobooksbecausetheircuriosityconcerningallmannersofthings,theireagernesstoshareintheexperiencesofothersandtheirneedto____49_____fromtheirownlimitedenvironmentleadthemtofindinbooksfoodforthemindandthespirit.Throughtheirreadingtheyfindadeepersignificancetolifeasbooksacquaintthemwithlifeintheworldasitwasanditisnow.Theyarepresentedwitha__50_____ofhumanexperiencesandcometo___51____otherwaysofthoughtandliving.Andwhile____52____theirownrelationshipsandresponsestolife,thereadersoftenfindthatthe___53__intheirstoriesaregoingthroughsimilaradjustments,whichhelptoclarifyandgivesignificancetotheirown.Booksprovide___54____materialforreaders’imaginationtogrow.Imaginationisavaluablequalityandamotivatingpower,andstimulatesachievement.Whileenrichingtheirimagination,books__55____theiroutlook,developafact-findingattitudeandtrainthemtouseleisure___56___.Thesocialandeducationalsignificanceofthereaders’bookscannotbeoverestimatedinanacademiclibrary.A.AbundantB.CharactersC.CommunicatingD.CompletelyE.DeriveF.DesireG.DiversityH.EscapeI.EstablishingJ.NarrowK.NaturallyL.PersonnelM.ProperlyN.RespectO.WidenSectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOne161Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Ifyouareamaleandyouarereadingthis,congratulations:youareasurvivor.Accordingtostatistics.youaremorethantwiceaslikelytodieofskincancerthanawoman,andninetimesmorelikelytodieofAIDS.Assumingyoumakeittotheendofyournaturalterm,about78yearsformeninAustralia,youwilldieonaveragefiveyearsbeforeawoman.Therearemanyreasonsforthis-typically,mentakemorerisksthanwomanandaremorelikelytodrinkandsmokebutperhapsmoreimportantly,mendon’tgotothedoctor.“Menaren’tseeingdoctorsasoftenastheyshould,”saysDr.Gullotta,“Thisisparticularlysofortheover-40s,whendiseasestendtostrike.”Gullottasaysahealthymanshouldvisitthedoctoreveryyearortwo.Forthoseover45,itshouldbeatleastonceayear.TwomonthsagoGullottasawa50-year-oldmawhohaddelayeddoinganythingabouthissmoker’scoughforayear.“WhenIfinallysawhimithadalreadyspreadandhehassincediedfromlungcancer”hesays,“Earlierdetectionandtreatmentmaynothavecuredhim,butitwouldhaveprolongedthislife”Accordingtoarecentsurvey,95%ofwomenagedbetween15andearly40sseeadoctoronceayear,comparedto70%ofmeninthesameagegroup.“Alotofmenthinktheyareinvincible（不可战胜的）”Gullottasays“Theyonlycomeinwhenafrienddropsdeadonthegolfcourseandtheythink”Geez,ifitcouldhappentohim.Thenthereistheostrichapproach,”somemenarescaredofwhatmightbethereandwouldrathernotknow,”saysDr.RossCartmill.“Mostmengettheircarsservicedmoreregularlythantheyservicetheirbodies,”Cartmillsays.Hebelievesmostdiseasesthatcommonlyaffectmencouldbeaddressedbypreventivecheck-ups.Regularcheck-upsformenwouldinevitablyplacestrainonthepublicpurse,Cartmillsays.”Butpreventionischeaperinthelongrunthanhavingtotreatthediseases.Besides,theultimatecostisfargreater:itiscalledprematuredeath.”57.Whydoestheauthorcongratulatehismalereadersatthebeginningofthepassage?A.Theyaremorelikelytosurviveseriousdiseasestoday.B.Theiraveragelifespanhasbeenconsiderablyextended.162C.Theyhavelivedlongenoughtoreadthisarticle.D.Theyaresuretoenjoyalongerandhappierlive.58.Whatdoestheauthorstateisthemostimportantreasonmendiefiveyearsearlieronaveragethanwomen?A.mendrinkandsmokemuchmorethanwomenB.mendon’tseekmedicalcareasoftenaswomenC.menaren’tascautionsaswomeninfaceofdangerD.menaremorelikelytosufferfromfataldiseases59.Whichofthefollowingbestcompletesthesentence“Geez,ifitcouldhappentohim…’(line2,para,8)?A.itcouldhappentome,tooB.IshouldavoidplayinggolfC.IshouldconsidermyselfluckyD.itwouldbeabigmisfortune60whatdoesDr.RossCartmillmeanby“theostrichapproach”(lineqpara.9)A.acasualattitudetowardsone’shealthconditionsB.anewtherapyforcertainpsychologicalproblemsC.refusaltogetmedicaltreatmentforfearofthepaininvolvedD.unwillingnesstofindoutaboutone’sdiseasebecauseoffear61.WhatdoesCartmillsayaboutregularcheck-upsformen?A.TheymayincreasepublicexpensesB.TheywillsavemoneyinthelongrunC.TheymaycausepsychologicalstrainsonmenD.TheywillenablementoliveaslongaswomenPassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.High-qualitycustomerserviceispreached(宣扬)bymany,butactuallykeepingcustomershappyiseasiersaidthandoneShoppersseldomcomplaintothemanagerorownerofaretailstore,butinsteadwillalerttheirfriends,relatives,co-workers,strangers-andanyonewhowilllisten.Storemanagersareoftenthelasttohearcomplaints,andoftenfindoutonlywhentheirregularcustomersdecidetfrequenttheircompetitors,accordingtoastudyjointlyconductedbyVerdegroupandWhartonschool“Storytellinghurtsretailersandentertainsconsumers,”saidPaulaCourtney,PresidentoftheVerdegroup.”thestorelosesthecustomer,buttheshoppermustalsofindareplacement.”Onaverage,everyunhappycustomerwillcomplaintoatleastfourother,andwillnolongervisitthespecificstoreforeverydissatisfiedcustomer,astorewillloseuptothreemoreduetonegativereviews.Theresulting163“snowballeffect”canbedisastroustoretailers.Accordingtotheresearch,shopperswhopurchasedclothingencounteredthemostproblems.rankedsecondandthirdweregroceryandelectronicscustomers.Themostcommoncomplaintsincludefilledparkinglots,cluttered(塞满了的)shelves,overloadedracks,out-of-stockitems,longcheck-outlines,andrudesalespeople.Duringpeakshoppinghours,someretailerssolvedtheparkingproblemsbygettingmoonlighting（业余兼职的）localpolicetoworkasparkingattendants.Somehiredflagwaverstodirectcustomerstoemptyparkingspaces.Thisguidanceeliminatedtheneedforcustomerstocircletheparkinglotendlessly,andavoidedconfrontationbetweenthoseeyeingthesameparkingspace.Retailerscanrelievetheheadachesbyredesigningstorelayouts,pre-stockingsalesitems,hiringspeedyandexperiencedcashiers,andhavingsalesrepresentativesonhandtoanswerquestions.Mostimportantly,salespeopleshouldbediplomaticandpolitewithangrycustomers.“Retailerswho’reresponsiveandfriendlyaremorelikelytosmoothoverissuesthanthosewhoaren’tsofriendly.”saidProfessorStephenHoch.“Maybesomethingassimpleasagreeteratthestoreentrancewouldhelp.”Customerscanalsoimprovefutureshoppingexperiencesbyfilingcomplaintstotheretailer,insteadofcomplainingtotherestoftheworld.Retailersarehard-pressedtoimprovewhentheyhavenoideawhatiswrong.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答62.Whyarestoremanagersoftenthelasttohearcomplaints?AMostcustomerswon’tbothertocomplaineveniftheyhavehadunhappyexperiences.BCustomerswouldratherrelatetheirunhappyexperiencestopeoplearoundthem.CFewcustomersbelievetheservicewillbeimproved.DCustomershavenoeasyaccesstostoremanagers.63.WhatdoesPaulaCourtneyimplybysaying“…theshoppermustalsofindareplacement”(Line2,Para.4)?ANewcustomersareboundtoreplaceoldones.BItisnotlikelytheshoppercanfindthesameproductsinotherstores.CMoststoresprovidethesameDNotcomplainingtothemanagercausestheshoppersometroubletoo.64.Shopownersoftenhiremoonlightingpoliceasparkingattendantssothatshoppers_____Acanstaylongerbrowsinginthestore164Bwon’thavetroubleparkingtheircarsCwon’thaveanyworriesaboutsecurityDcanfindtheircarseasilyaftershopping65.Whatcontributesmosttosmoothingoverissueswithcustomers?AMannersofthesalespeopleBHiringofefficientemployeesCHugesupplyofgoodsforsaleDDesignofthestorelayout.66.Toachievebettershoppingexperiences,customersareadvisedto_________.AexertpressureonstorestoimprovetheirserviceBsettletheirdisputeswithstoresinadiplomaticwayCvoicetheirdissatisfactiontostoremanagersdirectlyDshoparoundandmakecomparisonsbetweenstoresPartVCloze（15minutes）Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.Foreachblanktherearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D]ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PlayingorganizedsportsissuchacommonexperienceintheUnitedStatesthatmanychildrenandteenagersthatthemforgranted.Thisisespeciallytrue__67__childrenfromfamiliesandcommunitiesthathavetheresourcesneededtoorganizeand__68__sportsprogramsandmakesurethatthereiseasy__69__toparticipationopportunities.Childreninlow-incomefamiliesandpoorcommunitiesare__70__likelytotakeorganizedyouthsportsforgrantedbecausetheyoften__71__theresourcesneededtopayforparticipation__72__,equipment,andtransportationtopracticesandgames__73__theircommunitiesdonothaveresourcestobuildand__74__sportsfieldsandfacilities.Organizedyouthsports__75__appearedduringtheearly20thcenturyintheUnitedStatesandotherwealthynations.Theywereoriginallydeveloped__76__someeducatorsanddevelopmentalexperts__77__thatthebehaviorandcharacterofchildrenwere__78__influencedbytheirsocialsurroundingandeverydayexperiences.This__79__manypeopletobelievethatifyoucouldorganizetheexperiencesofchildrenin__80__ways,youcouldinfluencethekindsofadultsthatthosechildrenwouldbecome.Thisbeliefthatthesocial__81__influencedaperson’soveralldevelopmentwasvery__82__topeopleinterestedinprogressandreformintheUnitedStates__83__thebeginning165ofthe20thcentury.Itcausedthemtothinkabout__84__theymightcontroltheexperiencesofchildrento__85__responsibleandproductiveadults.Theybelievedstronglythatdemocracydependedonresponsibilityandthata__86__capitalisteconomydependedontheproductivityofworker.67.A.amongB.withinC.onD.towards68.A.spreadB.speedC.spurD.sponsor69.A.accessB.entranceC.chanceD.route70A.littleB.lessC.moreD.much71.A.shrinkB.tightenC.limitD.lack72.A.billBaccountsC.feesD.fare73.A.soB.asC.andD.but74.A.maintainB.sustainC.containD.entertain75.A.lastB.firstC.laterD.finally76.A.beforeB.whileC.untilD.when77.A.realizedB.recalledC.expectedD.exhibited78.A.specificallyB.excessivelyC.stronglyD.exactly79.A.movedB.conductedC.putD.led80.A.preciseB.preciousC.particularD.peculiar81.A.engagementB.environmentC.stateD.status82.A.encouragingB.disappointingC.upsettingD.surprising83.A.forB.withC.overD.at84.A.whatB.howC.whateverD.however85.A.multiplyB.manufactureC.produceD.provide86.A.growingB.breedingC.raisingD.flyingPartⅥTranslation(5minutes)Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.87.Medicalresearchersarepainfullyawarethattherearemanyproblems______________(他们至今还没有答案)88.______________________(大多数父母所关心的)isprovidingthebesteducationpossiblefortheirchildren.89.You’dbettertakeasweaterwithyou_____________________________________________(以防天气变冷)90.Throughttheproject,manypeoplehavereceivedtrainingand__________________________(决定自己创业)91.Theanti-virusagentwasnotknown___________________________________(直到一名医生偶然发现了它)答案：（提示：答案来源于网络，仅供参考）快速阅读1.A2.D3.B4.A5.C6.B7.D8.challenged9.canbeproudof10.staysilent166听力：11.D)Shehaslostcontactwithmostofheroldfriends.12.D)Apainter.13.C)Makeinquireselsewhere.14.C)Hehasgainedsomeweightlately.15.D)Hedoesn\'tlikeabstractpaintings.16.B)Shemayhaveputhernotebookamidthejournals.17.A)Shewantstogetsomesleep.18.B)Hischanceofgettingthejobisslim.19.AHecanmanagehistimemoreflexible.20.DSearchingitswebsite.21.DToutilizeitsretiredemployee\'sresources.22CSeeapieceofproperty.23.BItisasmallonewithatwo-bedroomhouse.24.CItmaynowbebigenoughforraisingcorn.25.AFinances.26.A)Tointroducethechiefofthecity\'policeforce.27.D)Heholdsamaster\'sdegreeincriminology.28.B)Togetpoliceofficersclosertothelocalpeople.29.C)Effective.30.B)Therearenumerouslanguagesinexistence.31.C)Itissomethingwearebornwith.32.D)Howchildrenlearntouselanguage.33.B)Shewasanengineer.34.C)Adjustingthemtodifferentaudiences.35.A)Whetherspacemencarryweapons.复合式听写36trend37phenomenon38scene39offenses40murder41particularly42explosion43associated44changingnationalborders,greatereconomicgrowth,andthelackofacceptedsocialideasofrightandwrong45arenowfacingthesortofculturalvarietythathasbeencommoninAmericaformostofitshistory46failuretorecognizeandplanforsuchdiversitycanleadtoseriouscrimeproblemsReadingComprehension阅读理解SectionA47.F/desire48.K/naturally49.H/escape50.G/diversity51.N/respect52.I/establishing53.B/characters54.A/abundant55.O/widen56.M/properly57Atheyaremorelikelytosurviveseriousdiseasestoday.58Bmendon\'tseekmedicalcareasoftenaswomen,59Aitcouldhappentome,too16760Dunwillingnesstofindoutaboutone\'sdeceasebecauseoffear.61Btheywillsavemoneyinthelongrun.62Bcustomerwouldratherrelatetheirunhappyexperiencestopeoplearoundthem.63Cmoststoresprovidethesamekindofservice.64Bwon\'thavetotroubleparkingtheircars.65Amannersofthesalespeople66Cvoicetheirdissatisfactiontostoremanagersdirectly.完型填空67.A.among68.D.sponsor69.A.access70.B.less71.D.lack72.C.fees73.B.as74.A.maintain75.B.first76.D.when77.A.realized78.C.strongly79.D.led80.C.particular81.B.environment82.A.encouraging83.D.at84.B.how85.C.produce86.A.growing翻译87.(that/which)theyhaven\'tfoundsolutionto88.Whatmostparentsconcern89.incaseit(should)turncold.90.decidedtolaunchtheirownenterprise91.untiladoctordiscovereditbychance.PartIWriting(30minutes)RecreationalActivitiesDirections:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteALetterofApologyaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelow.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese.1.娱乐活动多种多样2.娱乐活动可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性3.作为大学生，我的看法。PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)MediaSelectionforAdvertisementsAfterdeterminingthetargetaudienceforaproductorservice,advertisingagenciesmustselecttheappropriatemediafortheadvertisement.Wediscussherethemajortypesofmediausedinadvertising.Wefocusonattentiononseventypesofadvertising:television,newspapers,radio,magazines,out-of-home,Internet,anddirectmail.TelevisionTelevisioninanattractivemediumforadvertisingbecauseitdeliversmassaudiencestoadvertisers.Whenyou168considerthatnearlythreeoutoffourAmericanshaveseenthegameshowWhoWantstoBeaMillionaire?youcanunderstandthepoweroftelevisiontocommunicatewithalargeaudience.Whenadvertiserscreateabrand,forexample,theywanttoimpressconsumerswiththebrandanditsimage.Televisionprovidesanidealvehicleforthistypeofcommunication.Buttelevisionisanexpensivemedium,andnotalladvertiserscanaffordtouseit.Television’sinfluenceonadvertisingisfourfold.First,narrowcastingmeansthattelevisionchannelsareseenbyanincreasinglynarrowsegmentoftheaudience.theGolfChannel,forinstance,iswatchedbypeoplewhoplaygolf.HomeandGardenTelevisionisseenbythoseinterestedinhouseholdimprovementprojects.Thus,audiencesaresmallerandmorehomogeneous(具有共同特点的)thantheyhavebeeninthepast.Second,thereisanincreaseinthenumberoftelevisionchannelsavailabletoviewers,andthus,advertisers.Thishadalsoresultedinanincreaseinthesheernumberofadvertisementstowhichaudiencesareexposed.Third,digitalrecordingdevicesallowaudiencemembersmorecontroloverwhichcommercialstheywatch.Fourth,controloverprogrammingisbeingpassedfromthenetworkstolocalcableoperatorsandsatelliteprogrammers.NewspapersAftertelevision,themediumattractingthenextlargestannualasrevenueisnewspapers.TheNewYorkTimes,whichreachesanationalaudience,accountsfor$1billioninadrevenueannually.Ithasincreaseditsnationalcirculation(发行量)by40%andisnowavailableforhomedeliveryin168cities.Locally,newspapersarethelargestadvertisingmedium.Newspapersarealessexpensiveadvertisingmediumthantelevisionandprovideawayforadvertiserstocommunicatealonger,moredetailedmessagetotheiraudiencethantheycanthroughtelevision.Givennewproductiontechniques,advertisementscanbeprintedinabout48hours,meaningnewspapersarealsoaquickwayofgettingthemessageout.Newspapersareoftenthemostimportantformofnewsforalocalcommunity,andtheydevelopahighdegreeofloyaltyfromlocalreaders.RadioAdvertisingonradiocontinuestogrow.Radioisoftenusedinconjunctionwithoutdoorbill-boards(广告牌)andtheInternettoreachevenmorecustomersthantelevision.Advertisersarelikelytouseradiobecauseitisalessexpensivemediumthantelevision,whichmeansadvertiserscanaffordtorepeattheiradsoften.Internetcompanies169arealsoturningtoradioadvertising.Radioprovidesawayforadvertiserstocommunicatewithaudiencemembersatalltimesoftheday.Consumerslistentoradioontheirwaytoschoolorwork,atwork,onthewayhome,andintheeveninghours.Twomajorchanges—satelliteandInternetradio—willforceradioadvertiserstoadapttheirmethods.Bothoftheseradioformsallowlistenerstotuneinstationsthataremoredistantthanthelocalstationstheycouldreceiveinthepast.Asaresult,radiowillincreasinglyattracttargetaudienceswholivemanymilesapart.MagazinesNewsweeklies,women’stitles,andbusinessmagazineshaveallseenincreasesinadvertisingbecausetheyattractthehigh-endmarket.Magazinesarepopularwithadvertisersbecauseofthenarrowmarketthattheydeliver.Abroadcastmediumsuchasnetworktelevisionattractsalltypesofaudiencemembers,butmagazineaudiencesaremorehomogeneous.IfyoureadSportsIllustrated,forexample,youhavesuchincommonwiththemagazine’sotherreaders.Advertisersseemagazinesasanefficientwayofreachingtargetaudiencemembers.Advertisersusingtheprintmedia—magazinesandnewspapers—willneedtoadapttotwomainchanges.First,theInternetwillbringlargeraudiencestolocalnewspapers.Theseaudienceswillbemorediverseandgeographicallydispersed(分散)thaninthepast.Second,advertiserswillhavetounderstandhowtouseanincreasingnumberofmagazinesfortheirtargetaudiences.Althoughsomemagazineswillmaintainnationalaudiences,alargenumberofmagazineswillentertainnarroweraudiences.Out-of-homeadvertisingOut-of-homeadvertising,alsocalledplace-basedadvertising,hasbecomeanincreasinglyeffectivewayofreachingconsumers,whoaremoreactivethaneverbefore.Manyconsumerstodaydonotsitathomeandwatchtelevision.Usingbillboards,newsstands,andbussheltersforadvertisingisaneffectivewayofreachingtheseon-the-goconsumers.Moreconsumerstravellongerdistancestoandfromwork,whichalsomakesout-of-homeadvertisingeffective.Technologyhaschangedthenatureofthebillboardbusiness,makingitamoreeffectivemediumthaninthepast.Usingthedigitalprinting,billboardcompaniescanprintabillboardin2hours,comparedwith6dayspreviously.Thisallowsadvertisersmorevarietyinthetypesofmessagestheycreatebecausetheycanchangetheirmessagesmorequickly.170InternetAsconsumersbecomemorecomfortablewithonlineshopping,advertiserswillseektoreachthismarket.AsconsumersgetmoreoftheirnewsandinformationfromtheInternet,theabilityoftelevisionandradiotogetthewordouttoconsumerswilldecrease.ThechallengetoInternetadvertisersistocreateadsthataudiencemembersremember.Internetadvertisingwillplayamoreprominentroleinorganizations’advertisinginthenearfuture.Internetaudiencestendtobequitehomogeneous,butsmall.Advertiserswillhavetoadjusttheirmethodstoreachtheseaudiencesandwillhavetoadapttheirpersuasivestrategiestotheinlinemediumaswell.DirectmailAfinaladvertisingmediumisdirectmail,whichusesmailingstoconsumerstocommunicateaclient’smessage.Directmailincludesnewsletters,postcards,andspecialpromotion.Directmailisaneffectivewaytobuildrelationshipswithconsumers.Formanybusinesses,directmailisthemosteffectiveformofadvertising.1.Televisionisanattractiveadvertisingmediuminthat________.171A)ithaslargeaudiencesB)itappealstohousewivesC)ithelpsbuildupacompany’sreputationD)itisaffordabletomostadvertisers1722.WiththeincreaseinthenumberofTVchannels,________.173A)thecostofTVadvertisinghasdecreasedB)thenumberofTVviewershasincreased174C)advertisers’interestinothermediahasdecreasedD)thenumberofTVadspeoplecanseehasincreased3.Comparewithtelevision,newspapersasanadvertisingmedium_______.175A)earnalargerannualadrevenueB)conveymoredetailedmessagesC)usemoreproductiontechniquesD)getmessagesoutmoreeffectively1764.Advertisingonradiocontinuestogrowbecause_______.177A)morelocalradiostationshavebeensetupB)moderntechnologymakesitmoreentertainingC)itprovideseasyaccesstoconsumersD)ithasbeenrevolutionizedbyInternetradio1785.Magazinesareseenbyadvertisersasanefficientwayto_______.179A)reachtargetaudiencesB)appealtoeducatedpeopleC)attractdiverseaudiencesD)conveyallkindsofmessages1806.Out-of-homeadvertisinghasbecomemoreeffectivebecause_______.181A)billboardscanbereplacedwithintwohoursB)consumerstravelmorenowthaneverbeforeC)suchadshavebeenmademuchmoreattractiveD)thepaceofurbanlifeismuchfasternowadays1827.ThechallengetoInternetadvertisersistocreateadsthatare________.183A)quicktoupdateB)pleasanttolookatC)easytorememberD)convenienttoaccess1848.Internetadvertiserswillhavetoadjusttheirmethodstoreachaudiencesthattendtobe_______.9.Directmailisaneffectiveformofadvertisingforbusinesstodevelop________.10.Thispassagediscusseshowadvertisersselect________foradvertisements.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionA18511.A)Givenhisankleagoodrest.B)Treathisinjuryimmediately.C)Continuehisregularactivities.D)Becarefulwhenclimbingsteps.18612.A)Onatrain.B)Onaplane.C)Inatheater.D)Inarestaurant.18713.A)Atragicaccident.B)Asadoccasion.C)Smith’sunusuallifestory.D)Smith’ssleepingproblem.18814.A)Reviewthedetailofallherlessons.B)Comparenoteswithhisclassmates.C)Talkwithherabouthislearningproblems.D)Focusinthemainpointsofherlectures.18915.A)Themanblamedthewomanforbeingcareless.B)Themanmisunderstoodthewoman’sapology.C)Thewomanofferedtopayfortheman’scoffee.D)Thewomanspiltcoffeeontheman’sjacket.19016.A)Extremelytedious.B)Hardtounderstand.C)Lackingagoodplot.D)Notworthseeingtwice.19117.A)Attendingeverylecture.B)Doinglotsofhomework.C)Readingveryextensively.D)Usingtest-takingstrategies.19218.A)ThedigitalTVsystemwillofferdifferentprograms.B)Heiseagertoseewhatthenewsystemislike.C)Hethinksitunrealistictohave500channels.D)ThenewTVsystemmaynotprovideanythingbetter.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19319.A)Anoticebytheelectricityboard.B)Adspromotingelectricappliances.C)Thedescriptionofathiefindisguise.D)Anewpolicyonpensioners’welfare.19420.A)Speakingwithaproperaccent.B)Wearinganofficialuniform.C)Makingfriendswiththem.D)ShowingthemhisID.19521.A)Tobeonthealertwhenbeingfollowed.B)Nottoleaveseniorcitizensaloneathome.C)Nottoletanyoneinwithoutanappointment.D)Towatchoutforthosefromtheelectricityboard.19622.A)Shewasrobbedneartheparkinglot.B)Allhermoneyinthebankdisappeared.C)Thepensionshehadjustdrawnwasstolen.D)Shewasknockeddowninthepostoffice.197Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19823.A)Marketingconsultancy.B)Professionalaccountancy.C)Luxuryhotelmanagement.D)Businessconferenceorganization.19924.A)Havingagoodknowledgeofitscustoms.B)Knowingsomekeypeopleintourism.C)Havingbeentothecountrybefore.D)BeingabletospeakJapanese.20025.A)Itwillbringherpotentialintofullplay.B)Itwillinvolvelotsoftraintravel.C)ItwillenablehertoimproveherChinese.D)ItwillgivehermorechancestovisitJapan.201SectionBPassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.20226.A)Thelackoftime.B)Thequalityoflife.C)Thefrustrationsatwork.D)Thepressureonworkingfamilies.20327.A)Theywerejustasbusyaspeopleoftoday.B)Theysawtheimportanceofcollectiveefforts.C)Theydidn’tcomplainasmuchasmodernman.D)Theylivedahardlifebyhuntingandgathering.20428.A)Tolookforcreativeideasofawardingemployees.B)Toexplorestrategiesforloweringproductioncosts.C)Toseeknewapproachestodealingwithcomplaints.D)Tofindeffectivewaystogiveemployeesflexibility.PassageTwoQuestions29to31arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.20529.A)Familyviolence.B)TheGreatDepression.C)Herfather’sdisloyalty.D)Hermother’sbadtemper.20630.A)Hisadvancedage.B)Hischildren’sefforts.C)Hisimprovedfinancialcondition.D)Hissecondwife’spositiveinfluence.20731.A)Loveisblind.B)Lovebreedslove.C)Divorceoftenhasdisastrousconsequences.D)Happinessishardtofindinblendedfamilies.208PassageThreeQuestions32to35arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.20932.A)Itwaslocatedinapark.B)Itsownerdiedofaheartattack.C)Itwentbankruptallofasudden.D)Itspottedplantswereforleaseonly.21033.A)Plantingsometreesinthegreenhouse.B)Writingawantadtoalocalnewspaper.C)PuttingupaGoingOutofBusinesssign.D)Helpingacustomerselectsomepurchases.21134.A)Openinganofficeinthenewofficepark.B)Keepingbetterrelationswithhercompany.C)Developingfreshbusinessopportunities.D)Buildingabiggreenhouseofhisown.21235.A)Owningthegreenhouseoneday.B)Securingajobattheofficepark.C)Cultivatingmorepottedplants.D)Findingcustomersoutoftown.213SectionCWe’renowwitnessingtheemergenceofanadvancedeconomybasedoninformationandknowledge.Physical(36)________,rawmaterials,andcapitalarenolongerthekey(37)________inthecreationofwealth.Now,the(38)_______rawmaterialinoureconomyisknowledge.Tomorrow’swealthdependsonthedevelopmentandexchangeofknowledge.And(39)_______enteringtheworkforceoffertheirknowledge,nottheirmuscles.Knowledgeworkersgetpaidfortheireducationandtheirabilitytolearn.Knowledgeworkers(40)________inmindwork.Theydealwithsymbols:(41)________,anddata.Whatdoesallthismeanforyou?Asafutureknowledgeworker,youcanexpecttobe(42)________,processing,aswellasexchanginginformation,(43)_______,threeoutofhourjobsinvolvesomeformofmindwork,andthatnumberwillincreasesharplyinthefuture.Managementandemployeesalike(44)_______________________________________________________________________.Inthenewworldofwork,youcanlookforwardtobeinginconstanttraining(45)_______________________________________________________________.Anddon’twaitforsomeoneto“empower”you.Youhavetoempoweryourself.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionASomeyearsagoIwasofferedawritingassignmentthatwouldrequirethreemonthsoftravelthroughEurope.Ihadbeenabroadacoupleoftimes,butIcouldhardly_47_toknowmywayaroundthecontinent.Moreover,myknowledgeofforeignlanguageswas_48_toalittlecollegeFrench.Ihesitated.HowwouldI,unabletospeakthelanguage,_49_unfamiliarwithlocalgeographyortransportationsystems,setup_50_anddoresearch?Itseemedimpossible,andwithconsiderable_51_Isatdowntowritealetterbeggingoff.Halfwaythrough,athoughtcanthroughmymind:youcanlearnifyoudon’ttry.SoIacceptedtheassignment.Thereweresomebad_52_.ButbythetimeIhadfinishedthetripIwasanexperiencedtraveler.Andeversince,Ihaveneverhesitatedtoheadforeventhemostremoteofplaces,withoutguidersoreven_53_bookings,confidentthatsomehowIwillmanage.Thepointisthatthenew,thedifferent,isalmostbydefinition_54_.Buteachtimeyoutrysomething,youlearn,andasthelearningpilesup,theworldopenstoyou.I’velearnedtoskiat40,andflownuptheRhineRiverina_55_.AndIknowI’llgoondoingsuchthings.It’snotbecauseI’mbraverormoredaringthanothers.I’mnot.ButI’llacceptanxietyasanothernameforchallengeandIbelieveIcan_56_wonders.214A)accomplishB)advancedC)balloonD)claimE)constantlyF)declareG)interviewsH)limitedI)manufactureJ)momentsK)newsL)reducedM)regretN)scaryO)totally215SectionBPassageOneGlobalwarmingmayormaynotbethegreatenvironmentalcrisisofthe21stcentury,butregardlessofwhetheritisorisn’t–wewon’tdomuchaboutit.Wewillargueoveritandmayeven,asanation,makesomefairlysolemn-soundingcommitmentstoavoidit.Butthemoredramaticandmeaningfulthesecommitmentsseem,thelesslikelytheyaretobeobserved.AlGorecallsglobalwarmingan“inconvenienttruth,”asifmerelyrecognizingitcouldputusonapathtoasolution.Buttherealtruthisthatwedon’tknowenoughtorelieveglobalwarming,and–withoutmajortechnologicalbreakthroughs—wecan’tdomuchaboutit.From2003to2050,theworld’spopulationisprojectedtogrowfrom6.4billionto9.1billion,a42%increase.Ifenergyuseperpersonandtechnologyremainthesame,totalenergyuseandgreenhousegasemissions(mainly,CO2)willbe42%higherin2050.butthat’stoolow,becausesocietiesthatgrowricherusemoreenergy.Weneedeconomicgrowthunlesswecondemntheworld’spoortotheirpresentpovertyandfreezeeveryoneelse’slivingstandards.Withmodestgrowth,energyuseandgreenhouseemissionsmorethandoubleby2050.Nogovernmentwilladoptrigidrestrictionsoneconomicgrowthandpersonalfreedom(limitsonelectricityusage,drivingandtravel)thatmightcutbackglobalwarming.Still,politicianswanttoshowthey’re“doingsomething.”ConsidertheKyotoProtocol(京都议定书).Itallowedcountriesthatjoinedtopunishthosethatdidn’t.Butithasn’treducedCO2emissions(upabout25%since1990),andmanysignatories(签字国)didn’tadopttoughenoughpoliciestohittheir2008-2012targets.Thepracticalconclusionisthatifglobalwarmingisapotentialdisaster,theonlysolutionisnewtechnology.Onlyanaggressiveresearchanddevelopmentprogrammightfindwaysofbreakingdependenceonfossilfuelsordealingwithit.Thetroublewiththeglobalwarmingdebateisthatithasbecomeamoralproblemwhenit’sreallyanengineeringone.Theinconvenienttruthisthatifwedon’tsolvetheengineeringproblem,we’rehelpless.57.Whatissaidaboutglobalwarminginthefirstparagraph?216A)Itmaynotproveanenvironmentalcrisisatall.B)Itisanissuerequiringworldwidecommitments.C)Seriousstepshavebeentakentoavoidorstopit.D)Verylittlewillbedonetobringitundercontrol.21758.Accordingtotheauthor’sunderstanding,whatisAlGore’sviewonglobalwarming?A)Itisarealitybothpeopleandpoliticiansareunawareof.B)Itisaphenomenonthatcausesusmanyinconveniences.C)Itisaproblemthatcanbesolvedonceitisrecognized.D)Itisanareaweactuallyhavelittleknowledgeabout.59.Greenhouseemissionswillmorethandoubleby2050becauseof_______.218A)economicgrowthB)thewideninggapbetweentherichandpoorC)wastefuluseofenergyD)therapidadvancesofscienceandtechnology21960.Theauthorbelievesthat,sincethesigningoftheKyotoProtocol,________.A)politicianshavestartedtodosomethingtobetterthesituationB)fewnationshaveadoptedrealtoughmeasurestolimitenergyuseC)reductionsinenergyconsumptionhavegreatlycutbackglobalwarmingD)internationalcooperationhascontributedtosolvingenvironmentalproblems61.Whatisthemessagetheauthorintendstoconvey?A)Globalwarmingismoreofamoralissuethanapracticalone.B)TheultimatesolutiontoglobalwarmingliesinnewtechnologyC)Thedebateoverglobalwarmingwillleadtotechnologicalbreakthroughs.D)Peoplehavetogiveupcertainmaterialcomfortstostopglobalwarming.PassageTwoSomedayastrangerwillreadyoure-mailwithoutyourpermissionorscantheWebsitesyou’vevisited.Orperhapssomeonewillcasuallyglancethroughyourcreditcardpurchaseorcellphonebillstofindoutyourshoppingpreferencesorcallinghabits.Infact,it’slikelysomeofthesethingshavealreadyhappenedtoyou.Whowouldwatchyouwithoutyourpermission?Itmightbeaspouse,agirlfriend,amarketingcompany,aboss,acoporacriminal.Whoeveritis,theywillseeyouinawayyouneverintendedtobeseen—the21stcenturyequivalentofbeingcaughtnaked.Psychologiststellusboundariesarehealthy,thatit’simportanttorevealyourselftofriends,familyandloversinstages,atappropriatetimes.Butfewboundariesremain.Thedigitalbreadcrumbs(碎屑)youleaveeverywheremakeiteasyforstrangerstoreconstructwhoyouare,whereyouareandwhatyoulike.Insomecases,asimpleGooglesearchcanrevealwhatyouthink.Likeitornot,increasinglyweliveinaworldwhereyousimplecannotkeepasecret.Thekeyquestionis:Doesthatmatter?WhenopinionpollsaskAmericansaboutprivacy,mostsaytheyareconcernedaboutlosingit.Asurveyfoundanoverwhelmingpessimismaboutprivacy,with60percentofrespondentssayingtheyfeeltheirprivacyis“slippingaway,andthatbothersme.”Butpeoplesayonethinganddoanother.OnlyatinyfractionofAmericanschangeanybehaviorsinanefforttopreservetheirprivacy.Fewpeopleturndownadiscountattollbooths(收费站)toavoidusingtheEZ-Passsystemthatcantrackautomobilemovements.Andfewturndownsupermarketloyaltycards.PrivacyeconomistAlessandroAcquistihasrunaseriesofteststhatrevealpeoplewillsurrenderpersonalinformationlikeSocialSecuritynumbersjusttogettheirhandsonapitiful50-cents-offcoupon(优惠券).Butprivacydoesmatter–atleastsometimes.It’slikehealth:Whenyouhaveit,youdon’tnoticeit.Onlywhenit’sgonedoyouwishyou’ddonemoretoprotectit.62.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“the21stcenturyequivalentofbeingcaughtnaked”(Lines3-4,Para.2)?A)People’spersonalinformationiseasilyaccessedwithouttheirknowledge.B)Inthe21stcenturypeopletryeverymeanstolookintoothers’secrets.C)Peopletendtobemorefrankwitheachotherintheinformationage.D)Criminalsareeasilycaughtonthespotwithadvancedtechnology.63.Whatwouldpsychologistsadviseontherelationshipsbetweenfriends?220A)Friendsshouldopentheirheartstoeachother.B)Friendsshouldalwaysbefaithfultoeachother.C)Thereshouldbeadistanceevenbetweenfriends.D)Thereshouldbefewerdisputesbetweenfriends.22164.Whydoestheauthorsay“weliveinaworldwhereyousimplecannotkeepasecret”(Line5,Para.3)?A)Modernsocietyhasfinallyevolvedintoanopensociety.B)Peopleleavetracesaroundwhenusingmoderntechnology.C)Therearealwayspeoplewhoarecuriousaboutothers’affairs.D)Manysearchenginesprofitbyrevealingpeople’sidentities.65.WhatdomostAmericansdowithregardtoprivacyprotection?A)Theychangebehaviorsthatmightdisclosetheiridentity.B)Theyusevariousloyaltycardsforbusinesstransactions.222C)Theyrelymoreandmoreonelectronicdevices.D)Theytalkalotbuthardlydoanythingaboutit.22366.Accordingtothepassage,privacyislikehealthinthat________.224A)peoplewillmakeeveryefforttokeepitB)itsimportanceisrarelyunderstoodC)itissomethingthatcaneasilybelostD)peopledon’tcherishituntiltheyloseit225PartVCloze(15minutes)Universitiesareinstitutionthatteachawidevarietyofsubjectsatadvancedlevels.Theyalsocarryoutresearchworkaimed_67_extendingman’sknowledgeofthesesubjects.Theemphasisgiventoeachofthesefunctions_68_fromuniversitytouniversity,accordingtotheviewsofthepeoplein_69_andaccordingtotheresourcesavailable.Thesmallerandneweruniversitiesdonot_70_thestafforequipmenttocarryoutthe_71_researchprojectspossibleinlargerinstitutions._72_mostexpertsagreethatsomeresearchactivityis_73_tokeepthestaffandtheirstudentsin_74_withthelatestdevelopmentsintheirsubjects.Moststudentsattendauniversitymainlyto_75_theknowledgeneededfortheirchosen_76_.Educationistsbelievethatthisaimshouldnotbethe_77_one.Universitieshavealwaysaimedtoproducemenandwomen_78_judgmentandwisdomaswellasknowledge.Forthisreason,they_79_studentstomeetotherswithdiffering_80_andtoreadwidelyto_81_theirunderstandinginmanyfieldsofstudy._82_asecondaryschoolcourse,astudentshouldbeinterestedenoughinasubjecttoenjoygainingknowledgeforitsown_83_.Heshouldbepreparedto_84_sacrificestostudyhischosen_85_indepth.Heshouldhaveanambitiontomakesome86contributiontoman’sknowledge.22667.A)atB)byC)toD)in22768.A)turnsB)rangesC)movesD)varies22869.A)prospectB)placeC)controlD)favor22970.A)occupyB)possessC)involveD)spare23071.A)maximumB)mediumC)virtualD)vast23172.A)ButB)AsC)While23273.A)naturalB)essentialC)functionalD)optional23374.A)coordinationB)accordanceC)touchD)grasp23475.A)acquireB)acceptC)endureD)ensure23576.A)processionB)professionC)possessionD)preference23677.A)typicalB)trueC)mereD)only23778.A)withB)underC)onD)through23879.A)promptB)provokeC)encourageD)anticipate23980.A)historiesB)expressionsC)interestsD)curiosities24081.A)broadenB)lengthenC)enforceD)specify24182.A)AmidB)AfterC)OverD)Upon24283.A)objectB)courseC)effectD)sake24384.A)takeB)makeC)sufferD)pay24485.A)fieldB)scopeC)targetD)goal24586.A)radicalB)truthfulC)meaningfulD)initPartVITranslation(5minutes)87.Oureffortswillpayoffiftheresultsofthisresearch___________________(能应用于新技术的开发)。88.Ican’tbootmycomputernow.something___________(一定出了什么毛病)withitsoperationsystem.89.Leavingone’sjob,________________(不管是什么工作),isadifficultchange,evenforthosewholookforwardtoretiring.90.__________________________(与我成长的地方相比),thistownismoreprosperousandexciting.91._________________________________(直到他完成使命)didherealizethathewasseriouslyill.246PartⅡ快速阅读答案1.A)ithaslargeaudiences2.D)thenumberofTVadspeoplecanseehasincreased3.B)conveymoredetailedmessages4.C)itprovideseasyaccesstoconsumers5.A)reachtargetaudiences6.B)consumerstravelmorenowthaneverbefore7.C)easytoremember8.quitehomogeneous,butsmall.9.relationshipswithconsumers10.theappropriatemediaPartⅢ听力11.A)Givehisankleagoodrest.12.C)Inatheater.13.B)Asadoccasion.14.D)Focusonthemainpointsofherlectures.15.D)Thewomansplitcoffeeontheman’sskirt.16.B)Hardtounderstand.17.A)Attendingeverylecture.18.D)ThenewTVprogrammaynotprovideanythingbetter.长对话119.C)Thedescriptionofathiefindisguise.20.D)ShowingthemhisID.21.C)Nottoletanyoneinwithoutanappointment.22.C)Thepensionshehadjustdrawnwasstolen.长对话223.A)Marketingconsultancy.24.D)BeingabletospeakJapanese.25.B)Itwillinvolvelotsoftraintravel.短文126.A)Thelackoftime.27.A)Theywerejustasbusyaspeopleoftoday.28.D)Tofindeffectivewaystogiveemployeesflexibility.短文229.B)TheGreatDepression.30.D)Hissecondwife’spositiveinfluence.31.B)Lovebreedslove.短文332.B)Itsownerdiedofaheartstroke.33.C)PuttingupaGoingOutofBusinesssing.34.C)Developingfreshbusinessopportunities.35.A.Owningthegreenhouseoneday.复合式听写36)labor37)ingredients38)vital39)individuals40)engage41)figures42)generating43)Currently44)willbemakingdecisionsinsuchareasasproductdevelopment,qualitycontrol,andcustomersatisfaction.45)toacquirenewskillsthatwillhelpyoukeepupwiththeimprovedtechnologiesandprocedures46)Don\'texpectthecompaniestoprovideyouwithaclearly-definedcareerpath.PartⅣ阅读理解47.D)claim48.H)limited49.O)totally50.G)interviews51.M)regret52.J)moments53.B)advanced54.N)scary55.C)balloon56.A)accomplish57.D)Verylittlewillbedonetobringitundercontrol.58.C)Itisaproblemthatcanbesolvedonceitisrecognized.59.A)economicgrowth.60.B)fewnationshaveadoptedrealtoughmeasurestolimitenergyuse.61.B)Theultimatesolutiontoglobalwarmingliesinnewtechnology.62.A)People’spersonalinformationiseasilyaccessedwithouttheirknowledge.63.C)Thereshouldbeadistanceevenbetweenfriends.64.B)Peopleleavetracesaroundwhenusingmoderntechnology.65.D)Theytalkalotbuthardlydoanythingaboutit.66.D)Peopledon’tcherishituntiltheylostit.PartⅤ完形67.A)at68.D)varies69.C)control70.B)possess71.D)vast72.A)But73.B)essential74.C)touch75.A)acquire76.B)profession77.D)only78.A)with79.C)encourage80.C)interests81.A)broaden82.B)After83.D)sake84.B)make85.A)field86.C)meaningfulPartVITranslation7387.Oureffortswillpayoffiftheresultsoftheresearchcanbeappliedtothedevelopmentofnewtechnology.（能应用于新技术的开发）88.Ican’tbootmycomputernow.Somethingmustbewrong（一定出了毛病）withitsoperatingsystem.89.Leavingone’sjob,nomatterwhatjobitis/whateverjobitis,（无论是什么工作）isadifficultchange,evenforthosewholookforwardtoretiring.90.Comparedwiththeplace(inwhich/where)Igrowup,（与我成长的地方相比）thistownismoreprosperousandexciting.91.Notuntilhefinishedhismission（直到他完成使命）didherealizethathewasseriouslyill.2007年12月四级考试真题PartⅠWriting(30minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。PartⅡRadingcomprehension(Skimmingandscanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepasssagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.UniveraitiesBranchOutAsneverbeforeintheirlongstory,universitieshavebecomeinstrumentsofnationalcompetitionaswellasinstrumentsofpeace.Theyaretheplaceofthescientificdiscoveriesthatmoveeconomiesforward,andtheprimarymeansofeducatingthetalentrequiredtoobtainandmaintaincompetitiveadvantages.Butatthesametime,theopeningofnationalborderstotheflowofgoods,services,informationandespeciallypeoplehasmadeuniversitiesapowerfulforceforglobalintegration,mutualunderstandingandgeopoliticalstability.Inresponsetothesameforcesthathavedriventheworldeconomy,universitieshavebecomeMoreself-consciousyglobal:seekingstudentsfromaroundtheworldwhorepresenttheentirerangeofculturesandvalues,sendingtheirownstudentsabroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers,offeringcoursesofstudythataddressthechallengesofaninterconnectedworldandcollaborative（合作的）researchprogramstoadvancescienceforthebenefitofallhumanity.Oftheforcesshapinghighereducationnoneismoresweepingthanthemovementacrossborders.Overthepastthreedecadesthenumberofstudentsleavinghomeeachyeartostudyabroadhasgrownatanannualrateof3.0percent,from8000,000in1975to2.5millionin2994.Mosttravelfromonedevelopednationtoanother,buttheflowfromdevelopingtodevelopedcountriesidgrowingrapidly.Thereverseflow,fromdevelopedtodevelopingcountries,isontherise,too.Todayforeignstudentsearn30percentofthedoctoraldegreesawardedintheUnitedStatesand38percentofthoseintheUnitedKingdom.Andthenumbercrossingbordersforundergraduatestudyisgrowingaswell,to8percentoftheundergraduatesatAmerica’sbestinstitutionsand10percentofallundergraduatesintheU.K.IntheUnitedStates,20percentofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born,andinChinamanynewlyhiredfacultyhiredfacultymembersatthetopresearchuniversitiesreceivedtheirgraduateeducationabroad.Universitiesarealsoencouragingstudentstospendsomeoftheirundergraduateyearsinanothercountry.InEurope,morethan140,000studentsparticipateintheErasmusprogrameachyear,takingcoursesforcreditinoneof2,2000participatinginstitutionsacrossthecontinent.AndintheUnitedStates,institutionsarehelpingplacestudentsinsummerinternships（实习）abroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers.YaleandHarvardhaveledtheway,offeringeveryundergraduateatleastoneinternationalstudyorinternshipopportunityandprovidingthefinancialresourcestomakeitpossible.Globalizationisalsoreshapingthewayresearchisdone.Onenewtrendinvolvessourcingportionsofaresearchprogramtoanothercountry.YaleprofessorandHoward74HughesMedicalShanghai’sFudanUniversity,incollaborationwithfacultycolleaguesfrombothschools.TheShanghaicenterhas95employeesandgraduatestudentsworkingina4,300-square-meterlaboratoryseminarswithscientistsfrombothcampuses.Thearrangementbenefitsbothcountries;Xu’sYalelabismoreproductive,thankstothelowercostsofconducingfromaword-classscientistandhisU.S.team.Asaresultofitsstrengthinscience,theUnitedStateshasconsistentlyledoftheworldintheworldinthecommercializationofmajornewtechnologies,fromthemainframecomputerandintegratedcircuitofthe1960stotheinternetinfrastructure(基础设施)andapplicationssoftwareofthe1990s.Thelinkbetweenuniversity-basedscienceandindustrialapplicationisoftenindirectbutsometimeshighlyvisible:SiliconValleywasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity,andRoute128outsideBostonhaslonghousedcompaniesspunofffromMITandHarvard.Aroundtheworld,governmentshaveencouragedcopyingofhismodel,perhapsmostsuccessfullyinCambridge,England,whereMicrosoftandscoresofotherleadingsoftwareandbiotechnologycompanieshavesetupshoparoundtheuniversity.Forallitssuccess,theUnitedStatesremainsdeeplyhesitantaboutsustainingtheresearchuniversitymodel.MostpoliticianrecognizethelinkbetweeninvestmentinscienceandnationalEconomicstrength,butsupportforresearchfundinghasbeenunsteady.ThebudgetoftheNationalInstitutesofHealthdoubledbetween1998and2003,buthasrisenmoreslowlythaninflationssincethen.Supportforthephysicalsciencesandengineeringbarelykeptpacewithinflationduringthatsameperiod.Theattempttomakeuplostgroundiswelcome,butthenationwouldbebetterservedbysteady,predictableincreasesinsciencefundingattherateoflong-termGDPgrowth,whichisontheorderofinflationplus3percentperyear.Americanpoliticianshavegreatdifficultyrecognizingthatadmittingmoreforeignstudentscangreatlypromotethenationalinterestbyincreasinginternationalunderstanding.Adjustedforinflation,publicfundingforinternationalexchangesandforeign-languagestudyiswellbelowthelevelsof40yearsago.InthewakeofSeptember11,changesinthevisaprocesscausedadramaticdeclineinthenumberofforeignstudentsseekingadmissiontoU.S.Universities,andacorrespondingsurgeinenrollmentsinAustralia,SingaporeandtheU.K.ObjectionsfromAmericansuniversityandbusinessleadersledtoimprovementsintheprocessandareversalofthedecline,buttheUnitedStatesisstillseenbymanyasunwelcomingtointernationalstudents.MostAmericansrecognizethatuniversitiescontributetothenation’swell-beingthroughtheirscientificresearch,butmanyfearthatforeignstudentsthreatenAmericancompetitivenessbytakingtheirknowledgeandskillsbackhome.Theyfailtograspthatwelcomingforeignstudentsandlikeimmigrantsthroughouthistory-strengththenation;andsecond,foreignstudentswhostudyintheUnitedStatesbecomeambassadorsformanyofitsmostcherished(珍视)valueswhentheyreturnhome.Oratleasttheyunderstandthembetter.InAmericaaselsewhere,fewInstrumentsofforeignpolicyareaseffectiveinpromotingpeaceandstabilityaswelcominginternationaluniversitystudents.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1．Fromthefirstparagraphweknowthatpresent–dayuniversitieshavebecomeA．moreandmoreresearch-orientedB．in-servicetrainingorganizationsC．morepopularizedthaneverbeforeD．apowerfulforceforglobalintegration2．Overthepastthreedecades,theenrollmentofoverseasstudentshasincreasedA．by2.5millionB．by800,000C．atanannualrateof3.9percentD．atanannualrateof8percent3．IntheUnitedStates,howmanyofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born?A．10%B．20%C．30%D．38%4．HowdoYaleandHarvardpreparetheirundergraduatesforglobalcareers?A．TheyorganizeaseriesofseminarsonworldeconomyB．TheyofferthemvariouscoursesininternationalpoliticsC．TheyarrangeforthemtoparticipateintheErasmusprogramD．Theygivethemchancesforinternationalstudyorinternship5．Anexampleillustratingthegeneraltrendofuniversities’globalizationisA．Yale’scollaborationwithFudanUniversityongeneticresearchB．Yale’shelpingChineseuniversitiestolaunchresearchprojectsC．Yale’sstudentexchangeprogramwithEuropeaninstitutionsD．Yale’sestablishingbranchcampusesthroughouttheworld6．WhatdowelearnaboutSiliconValleyfromthepassage?A．IthousesmanycompaniesspunofffromMITandHarvardB．ItisknowntobethebirthplaceofMicrosoftCompanyC．ItwasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity75D．ItiswheretheInternetinfrastructurewasbuiltup7．WhatissaidabouttheU.S.federalfundingforresearch?A．Ithasincreasedby3percentB．IthasbeenunsteadyforyearsC．IthasbeenmorethansufficientD．Itdoubledbetween1998and20038．ThedramaticdeclineintheenrollmentofforeignstudentsintheU.SafterSeptember11wascausedby9．ManyAmericansfearthatAmericancompetivenessmaybethreatenedbyforeignstudentswhowill10．ThepolicyofwelcomingforeignstudentscanbenefittheU.S.inthattheverybestofthemwillstayandPartⅢListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirection:Inhissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。11.A)Sheusedtobeinpoorhealth.C)ShewassomewhatoverweightB)Shewaspopularamongboys.D)Shedidn’tdowellathighschool.12.A)Atheairport.C)Inabookingoffice.B)Inarestaurant.D)Atthehotelreception.13.A)Teachinghersonbyherself.C)Askingtheteacherforextrahelp.B)Havingconfidenceinherson.D)Tellinghersonnottoworry.14.A)Haveashortbreak.C)Continueherworkoutdoors.B)Taketwoweeksoff.D)Goonvacationwiththeman.15.A)Heistakingcareofthistwinbrother.C)HeisworriedaboutRod’shealth.C)Hehabeenfeelingillallweek.D)Hehasbeeninperfectcondition.16.A)Shesoldallherfurniturebeforeshemovedhouse.B)Shestillkeepssomeoldfurnitureinhernewhouse.C)Sheplanstoputallheroldfurnitureinthebasement.D)ShebroughtanewsetoffurniturefromItalylastmonth.17.A)Thewomanwonderedwhythemandidn’treturnthebook.B)Thewomandoesn’tseemtoknowwhatthebookisabout.C)Thewomandoesn’tfindthebookusefulanymore.D)Thewomanforgotlendingthebooktotheman.18.A)Mostoftheman’sfriendsareathletes.B)Fewpeoplesharethewoman’sopinion.C)Themandoesn’tlooklikeasportsman.D)Thewomandoubtstheman’sathleticability.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhaveheard.19.A)Shehaspackeditinoneofherbags.B)Shehasprobablyleftitinataxi.C)Sheidgoingtogetittheairport.D)Sheisafraidthatshehaslostit.20)A)Itendsinwinter.B)Itwillcostheralot.C)Itwilllastoneweek.D)Itdependsontheweather.21.A)Theplaneistakingoffsoon.B)Theremightbeatrafficjam.C)Thetaxiiswaitingforthem.D)Thereisalotofstufftopack.22.A)Athome.B)Intheman’scar.C)Attheairport.D)Bythesideofataxi.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.A)Sheisthirstyforpromotion.B)Shewantsamuchhighersalary.C)Sheistiredofherpresentwork.D)Shewantstosavetravelexpenses.24.A)Translator.B)Travelagent.C)Languageinstructor.D)Environmentengineer.25.A)Livelypersonalityandinquiringmind.B)Communicationskillsandteamspirit.C)Devotionandworkefficiency.D)Educationandexperience.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassage.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestions.,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。76PassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26．A）Theycarealotaboutchildren.B）Theyneedlookingafterintheiroldage.C）Theywanttoenrichtheirlifeexperience.D）Theywantchildrentokeepthemcompany.27.A.Theyareusuallyadoptedfromdistantplaces.B.Theirbirthinfromationisusuallykeptsecret.C.Theirbirthparentsoftentrytoconcealtheirbirthinformation.D.Theiradoptiveparentsdon’twantthemtoknowtheirbirthparents.28.A.Theygenerallyholdbadfeelingstowardstheirbirthparents.B.Theydonotwanttohurtthefeelingsoftheiradoptiveparents.C.Theyhavemixedfeelingsaboutfindingtheirnaturalparents.D.Theyarefullyawareoftheexpensesinvolvedinthesearch.29.A.Earlyadoptionmakesforcloserparent-childrelationship.B.Mostpeopleprefertoadoptchildrenfromoverseas.C.Understandingisthekeytosuccessfuladoption.D.Adoptionhasmuchtodowithlove.PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.A.Hesufferedfrommentalillness.B.HeboughtThewashingonpost.C.Heturnedafailingnewspaperintoasuccess.D.Hewasonceareporterforamajornewspaper.31.A.ShewasthefirstwomantoleadabigU.S.publishingcompany.B.ShegotherfirstjobasateacherattheUniversityofChicago.C.Shecommittedsuicidebecauseofhermentaldisorder.D.Shetookoverherfather’spositionwhenhedied.32.A.Peoplecametoseetheroleofwomeninthebusinessworld.B.KatharineplayedamajorpartinreshapingAmericans’mind.C.AmericanmediawouldbequitedifferentwithoutKatharine.D.Katharinehadexertedanimportantinfluenceontheworld.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.A.It’llenablethemtoenjoythebestmedicalcare.B.It’llallowthemtoreceivefreemedicaltheatment.C.It’llprotectthemfrompossiblefinancialcrises.D.It’llpreentthedoctorsfromoverchargingthem.34．A）Theycan’timmediatelygetbackthemoneypaidfortheirmedicalcost.B）Theyhavetogothroughverycomplicatedapplicationprocedures.C）Theycanonlyvisitdoctorswhospeaktheirnativelanguages.D）Theymaynotbeabletoreceivetimelymedicaltreatment.35．A）Theydon’thavetopayforthemedicalservices.B）Theyneedn’tpaytheentiremedicalbillatonce.C）Theymustsendthereceiptstotheinsurancecompanypromptly.D）Theyhavetopayamuchhigherpricetogetaninsurancepolicy.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Moreandmoreoftheword’spopulationarelivingintownsorcities.Thespeedatwhichcitiesaregrowinginthelessdevelopedcountriesis（36）.Between1920and1960bigcitiesindevelopedcountries（37）twoandahalftimesinsize,butinotherpartsoftheworldthegrowthwaseighttimestheirsize.They（38）sizeofgrowthisbadenough,buttherearenowalsovery（39）signsoftroubleinthe（40）ofpercentagesofpeoplelivingintownsandpercentagesofpeopleworkinginindustry.Duringthenineteenthcenturycitiesgrewasaresultofthegrowthofindustry.InEuropethe（41）ofpeoplelivingincitieswasalwayssmallerthanthatofthe（42）workinginfactories.Now,however,the（43）isalmostalwaystrueinthenewlyindustrializedworld:（44）.Withoutabaseofpeopleworkinginindustry,thesecitiescannotpayfortheir77growth;（45）.Therehasbeenlittleopportunitytobuildwatersuppliesorotherfacilities.（46）agrowthinthenumberofhopelessanddespairingparentsandstarvingchildren.PartⅣReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection．Thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Aswarspreadstomanycomersoftheglobe,Childrensadlyhavebeendrawnintothecenterofconflicts.InAfghanistan,Bosnia,andColombia,however,groupsofchildrenhavebeentakingpartinpeaceeducation47.Thechildren,afterlearningtoresolveconflicts,tookonthe48ofpeacemakers.TheChildren’sMovementforpeacemakerswasevennominated(提名)ortheNobelpeaceprizein1998.Groupsofchildren49ispeacemakersstudiedhumanrightsanpovertyissuesinColombia,eventuallyformingagroupwithfiveotherschoolsinBogotaknownaTheSchoolsofPeace.Theclassroom50opportunitiesforchildrentoreplaceangry,violentbehaviorswith51,peacefulones.Itisintheclassroomthatcaringandrespectforeachpersonempowerschildrentotakeastep52towardbecomingpeacemakers.Fortunately,educatorshaveaccesstomanyonlineresourcesthatare53usefulwhenhelpingchildrenalongthepathtopeace.TheYoungPeacemakersClub,startedin1992,providesaWebsitewithresourcesforteachersand54onstaringaKindnessCampaign.TheWorldCentersofCompassionforChildrenInternationalcallattentiontochildren’srightsandhowtohelpthe55ofwar.StartingaPeacemakers’Clubisapraiseworthyventureforaclassanonethatcouldspreadtootherclassroomsanideallyaffectthecultureofthe56school.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A)actingI)informationB)assumingJ)offersC)comprehensiveK)projectsD)cooperativeL)respectivelyE)entireM)roleF)especiallyN)technologyG)forwardO)victimsH)imagesSectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemarefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonfollowingpassage.Byalmostanymeasure,thereisaboominInternet-basedinstruction.Injustafewyears,34percentofAmericanuniversitieshavebegunofferingsomeformofdistancelearning(DL),andamongthelargerschools,it’scloserto90percent.Ifyoudoubtthepopularityofthetrend,youprobablyhaven’t.Itenrolls90,000student,astatisticusedtosupportitsclaimtobethelargestprivateuniversityinthecountry.Whilethekindsofinstructionofferedintheseprogramswilldiffer,DLusuallysignifiesacourseinwhichtheinstructionspostsyllabi(课程大纲),readingassignments,andschedulesonWebsites,andstudentssendintheirassignmentsbye-mail.Generallyspeaking,face-to-facecommunicationwithaninstructorisminimizedoreliminatedaltogether.Theattractionforstudentsmightatfirstseemobvious.Primarily,there’stheconveniencepromisedbycoursesontheNet:youcandothework,astheysay,inyourpajamas(睡衣).Butfiguresindicatethatthereducedeffortresultsinareducedcommitmenttothecourse.WhiledropoutratesforallfreshmenatAmericanuniversitiesisaround20percent,therateforonlinestudentsis35percent.Studentsthemselvesseemtounderstandtheweaknessesinherentinthesetup.InasurveyconductedforeCornell,theDLdivisionofCornellUniversity,lessthanathirdoftherespondentsexpectedthequalityoftheonlinecoursetobeasgoodastheclassroomcourse.Clearyformtheschoolsperspective,there’salotofmoneytobesaved.Although78someofthemoreambitiousprogramsrequirenewinvestmentsinserversandnetworkstosupportcollaborativesoftware,mostDLcoursescanrunonexistingorminimallyupgraded(升级)systems.Themorestudentswhoenrollinacoursebutdon’tcometocampus,themoretheschoolsavesonkeepingthelightsonintheclassrooms,payingdoorkeepers,andmaintainingparkinglots,Andthere’sevindencethatinstructorsmustworkhardertorunaDLcourseforavarietyofreasons,won’tbepaidanymore,andmightwellbepaidless.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。57.WhatisthemoststrikingfeatureoftheUniversityofPhoenix?A)Allitscoursesareofferedonline.B)Itsonlinecoursesareofthebestquality.C)ItboaststhelargestnumberofstudentsoncampusD)Anyonetakingitsonlinecoursesissuretogetadegree.58．Accordingtothepassage,distancelearningisbasicallycharacterizedby_____A)AconsiderableflexibilityinitsacademicrequirementsB)Thegreatdiversityofstudents’academicbackgroundsC)Aminimumortotalabsenceofface-to-faceinstructionD)tthecasualrelationshipbetweenstudentsandprofessors59.ManystudentstakeInternet-basedcoursesmainlybecausetheycan_____A)EarntheiracademicdegreeswithmuchlesseffortB)SaveagreatdealontravelingandboardingexpensesC)SelectcoursesfromvariouscollegesanduniversitiesD)Workontherequiredcourseswheneverandwherever60.Whataccountsforthehighdrop-outratesforonlinestudents?A)Thereisnostrictcontrolovertheacademicstandardsofthecourses.B)Theevaluationsystemusedbyonlineuniversitiesisinherentlyweak.C)Thereisnomechanismtoensurethattheymaketherequiredeffort.D)Lackofclassroominteractionreducestheeffectivenessofinstruction.61.Accordingtothepassage,universitiesshowgreatenthusiasmforDLprogramsforthepurposeof_____A)buildinguptheirreputationC)upgradingtheirteachingfacilitiesB)cuttingdownontheirexpensesD)providingconvenienceforstudentsPassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.InthisageofInternetchat,videogamesandrealitytelevision,thereisnoshortageofmindlessactivitiestokeepachildoccupied.Yet,despitethecompetition,my8-year-olddaughterRebeccawantstospendherleisuretimewritingshortstories.Shewantstoenteroneofherstoriesintoawritingcontest,acompetitionshewonlastyes.AsawriterIknowaboutwinningcontest,andaboutlosingthem.Iknowwhatitisliketoworkhardonastoryonlytoreceivearejectionslipfromthepublisher.Ialsoknowthepressuresoftryingtoliveuptoareputationcreatedbypreviousvictories.Whatifshedoesn’twinthecontestagain?That’sthestrangethingaboutbeingaparent.Somanyofourownpastscarsanddashedhopescansurface.Arevelation（启示）camelastweekwhenIaskedher,“Don’tyouwanttowinagain?”“No,”shereplied,“Ijustwanttotellthestoryofanangelgoingtofirstgrade.”Ihadjustspentweekscorrectingherstoriesasshespontaneously（自由地）toldthem.TellingmyselfthatIwasmerelyanexperiencedwriterguidingtheyoungwriteracrossthehall,Iofferedsuggestionsforcharacters,conflictsandendingsforhertales.Thestoryaboutafearfulangelstartingfirsttradewasquickly“guided”bymeintothetaleofalittlegirlwithawildimaginationtakingherfistmusiclesson.Ihadturnedhercontestintomycontestwithoutevenrealizingit.Stayingbackandgivingkidsspacetogrowisnotaseasyasitlooks.BecauseIkonwverylittleaboutfarmanimalswhousetoolsorangelswhogotofirstgrade,IhadtoacceptthefactthatIwasco-opting（借用）mydaughter’sexperence.Whilesteppingbackwasdifficultforme,itwascertainlyagoodfirststepthatIwillquicklyfollowwithmoresteps,puttingmyselffarenoughawaytogiveherroombutcloseenoughtohelpifasked.AllthewhileIwillberemindingmyselfthatchildrenneedroomtoexperiment,growandfindtheirownvoices.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。62.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A)Childrendofindlotsoffuninmanymindlessactivites.B)Rebeccaismuchtoooccupiedtoenjoyherleisuretime.C)Rebeccadrawsonalotofonlinematerialsforherwriting.D)Alotofdistractionscompeteforchildren’stimenowadays.63.Whatdidtheauthorsayaboutherownwritingexperience?A)Shedidnotquiteliveuptoherreputationasawriter.B)Herwaytosuccesswasfullofpainsandfrustrations.C)Shewasconstantlyunderpressureofwritingmore.D)Mostofherstorieshadbeenrejectedbypublishers.7964.WhydidRebeccawanttoenterthisyear’swritingcontest?A)Shebelievedshepossessedrealtalentforwriting.B)Shewassureofwinningwithhermother’shelp.C)Shewantedtoshareherstorieswithreaders.D)Shehadwonaprizeinthepreviouscontest.65.What’stheauthor’sadviceforparents?A)Awritingcareer,thoughattractive,isnotforeverychildtopursue.B)Childrenshouldbeallowedfreedomtogrowthroughexperience.C)Parentsshouldkeepaneyeontheactivitiestheiropinions.PartVCloze（15minutes）Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA），B）,C）andD）ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Onefactorthatcaninfluenceconsumersistheirmoodstate.Moodmaybedefined67a67．A）asC）bytemporaryandmildpositiveornegativefeelingB）aboutD）withthatisgeneralizedandnottied68anyparticular68．A）overC）toB）underD）upcircumstance.Moodsshouldbe69from69．A）derivedC）dividedB）descendedDdistinguishedemotionswhichareusuallymoreintense,70to70．A）relatedC）attachedspecificcircumstances,andoftenconscious.B）referredD）associated71onesense,theeffectofaconsumer’smood71．A）OnC）InB）OfD）Bycanbethoughtofin72thesamewayascan72．A）thusC）evenB）muchD）stillourreactionstothe73ofourfriends—whenour73．A）signalC）viewfriendsarehappyand“up”,thattendstoinfluenceB）gestureD）behavioruspositively,74whentheyare“down”,thatcan74．A）forC）unlessB）butD）providedhavea75impactonus.Similarly,consumers75．A）relativeC）negativeB）decisiveD）sensitiveoperatingundera76moodstatetendtoreactto76．A）givenC）fixedB）grantedD）drivenstimulate（刺激因素）inadirection77withthat77．A）resistantC）insistentmoodstate.Thus,forexample,weshouldexpectB）persistentD）consistenttosee78inapositivemoodstateevaluate78．A）consumerC）retailersB）businessmenD）manufacturersproductsinmoreofa79mannerthanthey79．A）casualC）seriousB）criticalD）favorablewouldwhennotinsuchastate,80moodstates80．A）HoweverC）MoreoverB）OtherwiseD）Neverthelessappearcapableof81aconsumer’smeomory.81.A)liftingC)raisingB)enhancingD)cultivatingMoodsappeartobe81influencedbymar-82.A)readilyC)cautiouslyketingtechniques.Forexample,therhythm,pitch,B)rarelyD)currentlyand81ofmusichasbeenshowntoinfluence83.A)stepC)bandB)speedD)volumeBehaviorsuchasthe81oftimespentin84.A)extentC)scopeB)amountD)rangeSupermarketsor81topurchaseproducts.In85.A)facilitiesC)reflectionsAddition,advertisingcaninfluenceconsumers’B)capacitiesD)intensionsmoodswhich,in81,arecapableofinfluencing86.A)turnC)detailconsumers’reactionstoproducts.B)totalD)depthPartⅥTranslation(5minutes)Directions:CmpletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。87.（多亏了一系列的新发明），doctorscantreatthisdiseaseSuccessfully.88.Inmysixties,onechangeInoticeisthat（我比以前更容易累了）.89.Iamgoingtopurchasethiscourse,（无论我要作出什么样的牺牲）.90.Iwouldprefershoppingonlinetoshoppinginadepartmentstorebecause（它更加方便和省时）.91.ManyAmericansliveoncredit,andtheirqualityoflife80（是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的），nothowmuchtheycanearn.1.B.inservicetrainingorganizations2.C.atanannualrateof3.9percent3.B.20%4.D.Theygivethemchancesforinternationalstudyorinternship5.A.Yale\'scollaborationwithFudanUniversityongeneticresearch6.C.ItisintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity.7.B.Ithasbeenunsteadyforyears.8.changesinthevisaprocess9.taketheirknowledgeandskillsbackhome10.strengthenthenation听力11.C)Shewassomewhatoverweight12.D)Atahotelreception13.B)Havingconfidenceinherson14.A)Haveashortbreak15.D)Hehasbeeninperfectcondition16.B)Shestillkeepssomeoldfurnitureinhernewhouse17.D)Thewomanforgotlendingthebooktotheman18.C)Themandoesn\'tlooklikeasportsman19.A)Shehaspackeditinoneofherbags.20.C)Itwilllastoneweek.21.B)Thetaxiiswaitingforthem.22.A)Athome.23.C)Sheistiredofherpresentwork.24.A)Translator.25.D)Educationandexperience.26.A)Theycarealotaboutchildren.27.B)Theirbirthinformationisusuallykeptsecret.28.C)Theyhavemixedfeelingsaboutfindingtheirnaturalparents.29.D)Adoptionhasmuchtodowithlove.30.B)HeboughtTheWashingtonPost.31.A)ShewasthefirstwomantoleadabigU.Spublishingcompany.32.D)Katharinehadexertedanimportantinfluenceontheworld.33.C)It\'llprotectthemfrompossiblefinancialcrises.34.A)Theycan\'timmediatelygetbackthemoneypaidfortheirmedicalcost.35.B)Theyneedn\'tpaytheentiremedicalbillatonce.36.alarming.37.increased38.sheer39.disturbing40.comparison41.proportion42.workforce43.reverse44.Thepercentageofpeoplelivingincitiesismuchhigherthanthepercentageworkinginindustry.45.Thereisnotenoughmoneytobuildadequatehousesforthepeoplethatlivethere,letalonethenewarrivals.46.Sothefiguresforthegrowthoftownsandcitiesrepresentproportionalgrowthofunemploymentandunderemployment阅读47.K.projects48.M.role49.A.acting50.J.offers51.D.cooperative52.G.forward53.F.especially54.I.Information55.O.victims56.E.entire.57.A.Allitscoursesareofferedonline.58.C.aminimumortotalabsenceofface-to-faceinstruction.59.D.workontherequiredcourseswheneverandwherever.60.C.Thereisnomechanismtoensurethattheymaketherequiredeffort.8161.B.cuttingdownontheirexpenses.62.A.Childrendofindlotsoffuninmanymindlessactivities.63.B.Herwaytosuccesswasfullofpainsandfrustrations.64.C.Shewantedtoshareherstorieswithreaders.65.C.shewantedtohelpRebeccarealizeherdreamofbecomingawriter.66.B.Childrenshouldbeallowedfreedomtogrowthroughexperience.完型67.Aas68.Cto69.Ddistinguished70.Arelated71.CIn72.Bmuch73.Dbehavior74.Bbut75.Cnegative76.Agiven77.Dconsistent78.Aconsumers79.Dfavorable80.CMoreover81.Benhancing82.Areadily83.Dvolume84.Bamount85.Dintentions86.Aturn2007年6月23日大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷及答案PartIWriting(30minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofWelcometoourclub.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbellow:欢迎辞，欢迎加入俱乐部。标题：Welcometoourclub书写提纲：1.表达你的欢迎；2.对你们俱乐部作一个简要介绍。PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,markY(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;N(forNO)ifstatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.Forquestion8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.ProtectYourPrivacyWhenJob-huntingOnlineIdentitytheftandidentityfraudaretermsusedtorefertoalltypesofcrimeinwhichsomeonewrongfullyobtainsandusesanotherperson’spersonaldatainsomewaythatinvolvesfraudordeception,typicallyforeconomicgain.Thenumbersassociatedwithidentitytheftarebeginningtoaddupfastthesedays.ArecentGeneralAccountingOfficereportestimatesthatasmanyas750,000Americansarevictimsofidentitythefteveryyear.Andthatnumbermaybelow,asmanypeoplechoosenottoreportthecrimeeveniftheyknowtheyhavebeenvictimized.Identitytheftis“anabsoluteepidemic,”statesRobertEllisSmith,arespectedauthorandadvocateofprivacy.“It’scertainlypickedupinthelastfourorfiveyears.It’sworldwide.Itaffectseverybody,andthere’sverylittleyoucandotopreventitand,worstofall,youcan’tdetectituntilit’sprobablytoolate.”Unlikeyourfingerprints,whichareuniquetoyouandcannotbegiventosomeoneelsefortheiruse,youpersonaldata,especiallyyoursocialsecuritynumber,yourbankaccountorcreditcardnumber,yourtelephonecallingcardnumber,andothervaluableidentifyingdata,canbeused,iftheyfallintothewronghands,topersonallyprofitatyourexpense.IntheUnitedStatesandCanada,forexample,manypeoplehavereportedthatunauthorizedpersonshavetakenfundsoutoftheirbankorfinancialaccounts,or,intheworstcases,takenovertheiridentitiesaltogether,runningupvastdebtsandcommittingcrimeswhileusingthevictims’names.Inmanycases,avictim’slossesmayincludednotonlyout-of-pocketfinanciallosses,butsubstantialadditionalfinancialcostsassociatedwithtryingtorestorehisreputationinthecommunityandcorrectingerroneousinformationforwhichthecriminalisresponsible.AccordingtotheFBI,identitytheftisthenumberonefraudcommittedontheInternet.Sohowdojobseekersprotectthemselveswhilecontinuingtocirculatetheirresumesonline?Thekeytoasuccessfulonlinejobsearchislearningtomanagertherisks.HerearesometipsforstayingsafewhileconductingajobsearchontheInternet.821.Checkforaprivacypolicy.Ifyouareconsideringpostingyourresumeonline,makesurethejobsearchsiteyourareconsideringhasaprivacypolicy,likeCareerBuilder.com.Thepolicyshouldspellouthowyourinformationwillbeused,storedandwhetherornotitwillbeshared.Youmaywanttothinktwiceaboutpostingyourresumeonasitethatautomaticallysharesyourinformationwithothers.Youcouldbeopeningyourselfuptounwantedcallsfromsolicitors(推销员).Whenreviewingthesite’sprivacypolicy,you’llbeabletodeleteyourresumejustaseasilyasyoupostedit.Youwon’tnecessarilywantyourresumetoremainoutthereontheInternetonceyoulandajob.Remember,thelongeryourresumeremainspostedonajobboard,themoreexposure,bothpositiveandnot-so-positive,itwillreceive.2.Takeadvantageofsitefeatures.Lawfuljobsearchsitesofferlevelsofprivacyprotection.Beforepostingyourresume,carefullyconsideryourjobsearchobjectiveandthelevelofriskyouarewillingtoassume.CareerBuilder.com,forexample,offersthreelevelsofprivacyfromwhichjobseekerscanchoose.Thefirstisstandardposting.Thisoptiongivesjobseekerswhoposttheirresumesthemostvisibilitytothebroadestemployeraudiencepossible.Thesecondisanonymous(匿名的)posting.Thisallowsjobseekersthesamevisibilityasthoseinthestandardpostingcategorywithoutanyoftheircontactinformationbeingdisplayed.Jobseekerswhowishtoremainanonymousbutwanttosharesomeotherinformationmaychoosewhichpiecesofcontactinformationtodisplay.Thethirdisprivateposting.Thisoptionallowsajobseekertopostaresumewithouthavingitsearchedbyemployers.PrivatepostingallowsjobseekerstoquicklyandeasilyapplyforjobsthatappearonCareerBuilder.comwithoutretypingtheirinformation.3.Safeguardyouridentity.CareerexpertssaythatoneofthewaysjobseekerscanstaysafewhileusingtheInternettosearchoutjobsistoconcealtheiridentities.Replaceyournameonyourresumewithageneric(泛指的)identifier,suchas“IntranetDeveloperCandidate,”or“ExperiencedMarketingRepresentative.”Youshouldalsoconsidereliminatingthenameandlocationofyourcurrentemployer.Dependingonyourtitle,itmaynotbeallthatdifficulttodeterminewhoyouareoncethenameofyourcompanyisprovided.Useageneraldescriptionofthecompanysuchas“Majorautomanufacturer,”or“Internationalpackagedgoodssupplier.”Ifyourjobtitleisunique,considerusingthegenericequivalentinsteadoftheexacttitleassignedbyyouremployer.4.Establishandemailaddressforyoursearch.Anotherwaytoprotectyourprivacywhileseekingemploymentonlineistoopenupanemailaccountspecificallyforyouronlinejobsearch.Thiswillsafeguardyourexistingemailboxintheeventsomeoneyoudon’tknowgetsholdofyouremailaddressandsharesitwithothers.Usinganemailaddressspecificallyforyoujobsearchalsoeliminatesthepossibilitythatyouwillreceiveunwelcomeemailsinyourprimarymailbox.Whennamingyournewemailaddress,besurethatitdoesn’tcontainreferencestoyournameorotherinformationthatwillgiveawayyouridentity.Thebestsolutionisanemailaddressthatisrelevanttothejobyouareseekingsuchassalesmgr2004@provider.com.5.Protectyourreference.Ifyourresumecontainsasectionwiththenamesandcontactinformationofyourreferences,takeitout.There’snosenseinsafeguardingyourinformationwhilesharingprivatecontactinformationofyourreferences.6.Keepconfidential(机密的)informationconfidential.Donot,underanycircumstances,shareyoursocialsecurity,driver’slicense,andbank83accountnumbersorotherpersonalinformation,suchasraceoreyecolor.Honestemployersdonotneedthisinformationwithaninitialapplication.Don’tprovidethiseveniftheysaytheyneeditinordertoconductabackgroundcheck.Thisisoneoftheoldesttricksinthebook–don’tfallforit.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.RobertEllisSmithbelievesidentitytheftisdifficulttodetectandonecanhardlydoanythingtopreventit.2.Inmanycases,identitytheftnotonlycausesthevictims’immediatefinanciallossesbutcoststhemalottorestoretheirreputation.3.Identitytheftisaminoroffenceanditsharmhasbeensomewhatoverestimated.4.Itisimportantthatyourresumenotstayonlinelongerthanisnecessary.5.OfthethreeoptionsofferedbyCareerBuilder.cominSuggestion2,thethirdoneisapparentlymoststronglyrecommended.6.Employersrequireapplicantstosubmitverypersonalinformationonbackgroundchecks.7.Applicantsareadvisedtousegenericnamesforthemselvesandtheircurrentemployerswhenseekingemploymentonline.8.Usingaspecialemailaddressinthejobsearchcanhelppreventyourfromreceiving________.9.Toprotectyourreferences,youshouldnotpostonlinetheir________.10.Accordingtothepassage,identitytheftiscommittedtypicallyfor________.PartIIIListingComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer,thenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethoughthecentre.注意：此部分答题在答题卡2上作答。11.A)Itcouldhelppeopleofallagestoavoidcancer.B)Itwasmainlymeantforcancerpatients.C)Itmightappealmoretoviewersover40.D)Itwasfrequentlyinterruptedbycommercials.（C）12.A)Themanisfondoftraveling.B)Thewomanisaphotographer.C)Thewomantookalotofpicturesatthecontest.D)Themanadmiresthewoman’stalentinwriting.（D）13.A)Themanregretsbeingabsent-minded.B)Thewomansavedthemansometrouble.C)Themanplacedthereadinglistonadesk.D)Thewomanemptiedthewastepaperbasket.（B）14.A)HequitteachinginJune.B)Hehasleftthearmyrecently.84C)Heopenedarestaurantneartheschool.D)Hehastakenoverhisbrother’sbusiness.（A）15.A)Sheseldomreadsbooksfromcovertocover.B)Sheisinterestedinreadingnovels.C)Shereadonlypartofthebook.D)Shewaseagertoknowwhatthebookwasabout.（C）16.A)Shewasabsentallweekowingtosickness.B)Shewasseriouslyinjuredinacaraccident.C)Shecalledtosaythatherhusbandhadbeenhospitalized.D)Shehadtobeawayfromschooltoattendtoherhusband.（D）17.A)ThespeakerswanttorenttheSmiths’oldhouse.B)ThemanlivestwoblocksawayfromtheSmiths.C)Thewomanisnotsureifsheisontherightstreet.D)TheSmiths’newhouseisnotfarfromtheiroldone.（D）18.A)Themanhadahardtimefindingaparkingspace.B)Thewomanfoundtheyhadgottothewrongspot.C)Thewomanwasoffendedbytheman’slatearrival.D)Themancouldn’tfindhiscarintheparkinglot.（A）Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Thehotelclerkhadputhisreservationunderanothername.B)Thehotelclerkinsistedthathedidn’tmakeanyreservation.C)Thehotelclerktriedtotakeadvantageofhisinexperience.D)Thehotelclerkcouldn’tfindhisreservationforthatnight.（C）20.A)Agrandweddingwasbeingheldinthehotel.B)Therewasaconferencegoingoninthecity.C)Thehotelwasundergoingmajorrepairs.D)Itwasabusyseasonforholiday-makers.（B）21.A)Itwasfreeofchargeonweekends.B)Ithada15%discountonweekdays.C)Itwasofferedtofrequentguestsonly.D)Itwas10%cheaperthaninotherhotels.（A）22.A)Demandcompensationfromthehotel.B)Askforanadditionaldiscount.C)Complaintothehotelmanager.D)Findacheaperroominanotherhotel.（C）Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.A)AnemployeeinthecitycouncilatBirmingham.85B)AssistantDirectoroftheAdmissionsOffice.C)HeadoftheOverseasStudentsOffice.D)SecretaryofBirminghamMedicalSchool.（B）24.A)Nearlyfiftypercentareforeigners.B)AboutfifteenpercentarefromAfrica.C)AlargemajorityarefromLatinAmerica.D)AsmallnumberarefromtheFarEast.（A）25.A)Shewillhavemorecontactwithstudents.B)Itwillbringhercapabilityintofullerplay.C)ShewillbemoreinvolvedIpolicy-making.D)Itwillbelessdemandingthanherpresentjob.（C）SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A)Herparentsthrivedintheurbanenvironment.B)HerparentsleftChicagotoworkonafarm.C)HerparentsimmigratedtoAmerica.D)Herparentssetupanice-creamstore.（C）27.A)HetaughtEnglishinChicago.B)Hewascrippledinacaraccident.C)Heworkedtobecomeanexecutive.D)Hewasbornwithalimp.（B）28.A)Shewasfondoflivinganisolatedlife.B)ShewasfascinatedbyAmericanculture.C)Shewasverygenerousinofferinghelp.D)Shewashighlydevotedtoherfamily.（D）PassageTwoQuestions29to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.29.A)Hesufferedanervousbreakdown.B)Hewaswronglydiagnosed.C)Hewasseriouslyinjured.D)Hedevelopedastrangedisease.（C）30.A)Hewasabletotalkagain.B)Heracedtothenursinghome.86C)Hecouldtellredandblueapart.D)Hecouldnotrecognizehiswife.（A）31.A)Twenty-ninedays.B)Twoandahalfmonths.C)Severalminutes.D)Fourteenhours.（B）32.A)Theywelcomedthepublicityinthemedia.B)Theavoidedappearingontelevision.C)Theyreleasedavideoofhisprogress.D)Theydeclinedtogivedetailsofhiscondition.（D）PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.A)Forpeopletoshareideasandshowfarmproducts.B)Forofficialstoeducatethefarmingcommunity.C)Forfarmerstoexchangetheirdailynecessities.D)Forfarmerstocelebratetheirharvests.（A）34.A)Bybringingananimalrarelyseenonnearbyfarms.B)Bybringingabagofgraininexchangeforaticket.C)Byofferingtodovolunteerworkatthefair.D)Byperformingaspecialskillattheentrance.（B）35.A)TheycontributetothemodernizationofAmericanfarms.B)Theyhelptoincreasethestategovernments’revenue.C)Theyprovideastageforpeopletogiveperformances.D)TheyremindAmericansoftheimportanceofagriculture.（D）SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题在答题卡2上；请在答题卡2上作答。Students’pressuresometimescomesfromtheirparents.Mostparentsarewell(36)________,butsomeofthemaren’tveryhelpfulwiththeproblemstheirsonsanddaughtershavein(37)________tocollege,andafewofthemseemtogooutoftheirwaytoaddtotheirchildren’sdifficulties.Foronething,parentsareoftennot(38)________ofthekindsofproblemstheirchildrenface.Theydon’trealizethatthe(39)________iskeener,thattherequired(40)________ofworkarehigher,andthattheirchildrenmaynotbepreparedforthechange.(41)________toseeingA’sandB’sonhighschoolreportcards,theymaybeupsetwhentheirchildren’sfirst(42)________collegegradesarebelowthatlevel.Attheirkindest,theymaygently(43)________whyJohnorMaryisn’tdoingbetter,whetherheorsheistryingashardasheorsheshould,andsoon.(44)________________________________.87Sometimesparentsregardtheirchildrenasextensionsofthemselvesand(45)________________________________.Intheirinvolvementandidentificationwiththeirchildren,theyforgetthateveryoneisdifferentandthateachpersonmustdevelopinhisorherownway.Theyforgetthattheirchildren,(46)________________________________.PartIVReadingComprehension(readingindepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinbankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Yearsago,doctorsoftensaidthatpainwasanormalpartoflife.Inparticular,whenolderpatients__47__ofpain,theyweretolditwasanaturalpartofagingandtheywouldhavetolearntolivewithit.Timeshavechanged.Today,wetakepain__48__.Indeed,painisnowconsideredthefifthvitalsign,asimportantasbloodpressure,temperature,breathingrateandpulsein__49__aperson’swell-being.Weknowthatchronic(慢性的)paincandisrupt(扰乱)aperson’slife,causingproblemsthat__50__frommissedworktodepression.That’swhyagrowingnumberofhospitalsnowdependuponphysicianswho__51__inpainmedicine.Notonlydoweevaluatethecauseofthepain,whichcanhelpustreatthepainbetter,butwealsohelpprovidecomprehensivetherapyfordepressionandotherpsychologicalandsocial__52__relatedtochronicpain.Suchcomprehensivetherapyoften__53__theworkofsocialworkers,psychiatrists(心理医生)andpsychologists,aswellasspecialistsinpainmedicine.Thismodern__54__forpainmanagementhasledtoawealthofinnovativetreatmentswhicharemoreeffectiveandwithfewersideeffectsthaneverbefore.Decadesago,therewereonlya__55__numberofdrugsavailable,andmanyofthemcaused__56__sideeffectsinolderpeople,includingdizzinessandfatigue.Thiscreatedadouble-edgedsword:themedicationshelpedrelievethepainbutcausedotherproblemsthatcouldbeworsethanthepainitself.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答A)resultI)determiningB)involvesJ)limitedC)significantK)gravelyD)rangeL)complainedE)relievedM)respectF)issuesN)promptingG)seriouslyO)specializeH)magnificentSectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.I’vebeenwritingformostofmylife.ThebookWritingWithoutTeachersintroducedmetoonedistinctionandonepracticethathashelpedmywritingprocessestremendously.Thedistinctionisbetweenthecreativemindandthecriticalmind.Whileyouneedtoemploybothtogettoafinishedresult,theycannotworkinparallelnomatterhowmuchwemightliketothinkso.Tryingtocriticizewritingontheflyispossiblythesinglegreatestbarriertowritingthatmostofusencounter.Ifyouarelisteningtothat5thgradeEnglishteachercorrectyourgrammarwhileyouaretryingtocaptureafleeting(稍纵即逝的)thought,thethoughtwilldie.Ifyoucapturethefleetingthoughtandsimplyshareitwiththeworldinrawform,nooneislikelytounderstand.Youmustlearntocreatefirstandthencriticizeifyouwanttomakewritingthetoolforthinkingthatitis.ThepracticethatcanhelpyoupastyourlearnedbadhabitsoftryingtoeditasyouwriteiswhatElbowcalls“freewriting.”Infreewriting,theobjectiveistogetwordsdownonpapernon-stop,usuallyfor15-20minutes.Nostopping,nogoingback,nocriticizing.Thegoalistogetthewordsflowing.Asthewordsbegintoflow,theideaswill88comefromtheshadowsandletthemselvesbecapturedonyournotepadoryourscreen.Nowyouhaverawmaterialsthatyoucanbegintoworkwithusingthecriticalmindthatyou’vepersuadedtositonthesideandwatchquietly.Mostlikely,youwillbelievethatthiswilltakemoretimethanyouactuallyhaveandyouwillendupstaringblanklyatthepagesasthedeadlinedrawsnear.Insteadofstaringatablankstartfillingitwithwordsnomatterhowbad.Halfwaythroughyouavailabletime,stopandreworkyourrawwritingintosomethingclosertofinishedproduct.Movebackandforthuntilyourunoutoftimeandthefinalresultwillmostlikelybefarbetterthanyourcurrentpractices.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。57.Whentheauthorsaysthecreativemindandthecriticalmind“cannotworkinparallel”(Line4,Para.1)inthewritingprocess,hemeans________.A)noonecanbebothcreativeandcriticalB)theycannotberegardedasequallyimportantC)theyareinconstantconflictwitheachotherD)onecannotusethematthesametime（D）58.Whatpreventspeoplefromwritingonis________.A)puttingtheirideasinrawformB)attemptingtoeditastheywriteC)ignoringgrammaticalsoundnessD)tryingtocapturefleetingthoughts（B）59.Whatisthechiefobjectiveofthefirststageofwriting?A)Toorganizeone’sthoughtslogically.B)Tochooseanappropriatetopic.C)Togetone’sideasdown.D)Tocollectrawmaterials.（C）60.Onecommonconcernofwritersabout“freewriting”isthat________.A)itoverstressestheroleofthecreativemindB)ittakestoomuchtimetoeditafterwardsC)itmaybringabouttoomuchcriticismD)itdoesnothelpthemtothinkclearly（B）61.Inwhatwaydoesthecriticalmindhelpthewriterinthewritingprocess?A)Itrefineshiswritingintobettershape.B)Ithelpshimtocomeupwithnewideas.C)Itsavesthewritingtimeavailabletohim.D)Itallowshimtositonthesideandobserve.（A）PassageTwoIdon’teverwanttotalkaboutbeingawomanscientistagain.Therewasatimeinmylifewhenpeopleaskedconstantlyforstoriesaboutwhatit’sliketoworkinafielddominatedbymen.IwasneververygoodattellingthosestoriesbecausetruthfullyIneverfoundtheminteresting.WhatIdofindinterestingistheoriginoftheuniverse,theshapeofspace-timeandthenatureofblackholes.89At19,whenIbeganstudyingastrophysics,itdidnotbothermeintheleasttobetheonlywomanintheclassroom.ButwhileearningmyPh.D.atMITandthenasapost-doctordoingspaceresearch,theissuestartedtobotherme.Myeveryachievement—jobs,researchpapers,awards—wasviewedthroughthelensofgender(性别)politics.Soweremyfailures.Sometimes,whenIwaspushedintoanargumentonleftbrainversus(相对于)rightbrain,ornatureversusnurture(培育),Iwouldinstantlyfightfiercelyonmybehalfandallwomankind.Thenonedayafewyearsago,outofmymouthcameasentencethatwouldeventuallybecomemyreplytoanyandallprovocations:Idon’ttalkaboutthatanymore.Ittookme10yearstogetbacktheconfidenceIhadat19andtorealizethatIdidn’twanttodealwithgenderissues.Whyshouldcuringsexismbeyetanotherterribleburdenoneveryfemalescientist?Afterall,Idon’tstudysociologyorpoliticaltheory.TodayIresearchandteachatBarnard,awomen’scollegeinNewYorkCity.Recently,someoneaskedmehowmayofthe45studentsinmyclasswerewomen.Youcannotimaginemysatisfactionatbeingabletoanswer,45.Iknowsomeofmystudentsworryhowtheywillmanagetheirscientificresearchandadesireforchildren.AndIdon’tdismissthoseconcerns.Still,Idon’ttellthem“war”stories.Instead,Ihavegiventhemthis:thevisualoftheirphysicsprofessorheavilypregnantdoingphysicsexperiments.Andinturntheyhavegivenmetheimageof45womendrivenbyaloveofscience.Andthat’sasightworthtalkingabout.62.Whydoesn’ttheauthorwanttotalkaboutbeingawomanscientistagain?A)Shefeelsunhappyworkinginmale-dominatedfields.B)Sheisfedupwiththeissueofgenderdiscrimination.C)Sheisnotgoodattellingstoriesofthekind.D)Shefindsspaceresearchmoreimportant.（B）63.FromParagraph2,wecaninferthatpeoplewouldattributetheauthor’sfailuresto________.A)theveryfactthatsheisawomanB)herinvolvementingenderpoliticsC)herover-confidenceasafemaleastrophysicistD)theburdenshebearsinamale-dominatedsociety（A）64.WhatdidtheauthorconstantlyfightagainstwhiledoingherPh.D.andpost-doctoralresearch?A)Lackofconfidenceinsucceedinginspacescience.B)Unfairaccusationsfrombothinsideandoutsidehercircle.C)People’sstereotypedattitudetowardfemalescientists.D)Widespreadmisconceptionsaboutnatureandnurtured.（C）65.Whydoestheauthorfeelgreatsatisfactionwhentalkingaboutherclass?A)Femalestudentsnolongerhavetobotheraboutgenderissues.B)Herstudents’performancehasbroughtbackherconfidence.C)Herfemalestudentscandojustaswellasmalestudents.D)Morefemalestudentsarepursuingsciencethanbefore.（D）66.Whatdoestheimagetheauthorpresentstoherstudentssuggest?A)Womenstudentsneedn’thavetheconcernsofhergeneration.B)Womenhavemorebarriersontheirwaytoacademicsuccess.C)Womencanbalanceacareerinscienceandhavingafamily.90D)Womennowhavefewerproblemspursuingasciencecareer.（C）PartVCloze(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。AnearthquakehitKashmironOct.8,2005.ittooksome75,000lives,__67__130,000andleftnearly3.5millionwithoutfood,jobsorhomes.__68__overnight,scoresoftentvillagesbloomed__69__theregion,tendedbyinternationalaidorganizations,military__70__andaidgroupsworkingdayandnighttoshelterthesurvivorsbeforewinterset__71__.Mercifully,theseasonwasmild.Butwiththe__72__ofspringtherefugeeswillbemovedagain.Campsthat__73__healthcare,foodandshelterfor150,000survivorshavebeguntocloseastheywere__74__intendedtobepermanent.Formostoftherefugees,thethoughtofgoingbackbrings__75__emotions.Thepastsixmonthshavebeendifficult.Familiesof__76__manyas10peoplehavehadtoshelter__77__asingletentandsharecookstovesandbathing__78__withneighbors.“Theyarelookingforwardtothecleanwateroftheirrivers,”officialssay.“Theyare__79__offreefreshfruit.Theywanttogetbacktotheirherdsandstart__80__again.”Butmostwillbereturningto__81__butheapsofruins.Inmanyvillages,electrical__82__havenotbeenrepaired,norhaveroads.Aidworkers__83__thatitwilltakeyearstorebuildwhattheearthquaketook__84__.Andforthethousandsofsurvivors,the__85__willneverbecomplete.Yetthesurvivorshavetostartsomewhere.Newhomescanbebuilt__86__thestones,bricksandbeamsofoldones.Springiscominganditisagoodtimetostartagain.67.A)injuredB)ruinedC)destroyedD)damaged（A）68.A)AltogetherB)AlmostC)ScarcelyD)Surely（B）69.A)amongB)aboveC)amidD)across（D）70.A)ranksB)equipmentC)personnelD)installations（C）71.A)outB)inC)onD)forth（B）72.A)fallingB)emergenceC)arrivalD)appearing（C）73.A)strengthenedB)aidedC)transferredD)provided（D）74.A)neverB)onceC)everD)yet（A）75.A)puzzledB)contrastedC)doubledD)mixed（D）76.A)likeB)asC)soD)too（B）77.A)byB)belowC)underD)with（C）78.A)facilitiesB)instrumentsC)implementsD)appliances（A）79.A)seekingB)dreamingC)longingD)searching（B）80.A)producingB)cultivatingC)farmingD)nourishing（C）81.A)anythingB)somethingC)everythingD)nothing（C）82.A)linesB)channelsC)pathsD)currents（A）83.A)asideB)awayC)upD)evaluate（D）84.A)asideB)awayC)upD)out（B）85.A)reservationB)retreatC)replacementD)recovery（C）86.A)fromB)throughC)uponD)onto（A）PartVITranslation(5minutes)Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyoutranslationonAnswerSheet2.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。87.Thefindingofthisstudyfailedto________________________(将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内).88.ThepreventandtreatmentofAIDSis________________________(我们可以合作的领域).89.Becauseoftheleginjury,theathlete________________________(决定退出比赛).90.Tomakedonationsorformoreinformation,please________________________(按以下地址和我们联系).91.Pleasecomehereattentomorrowmorning________________________(如果你方便的话).2007年6月23日四级参考答案PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)1.Y2.Y3.N.4.Y.5.NG6.N7.Y8.unwelcomeemails9.namesandcontactinformation10.economicgainPartIIIListeningComprehension11.C12.D13.B14.A15.C16.D17.D18.A9119.C20.B21.A22.C23.B24.A25.C26.C27.B28.D29.C30.A31.B32.D33.A34.B35.D36.meaning37.adjusting38.aware39.competition40.standards41.accustomed42.semester43.inquire44.attheirworst,theymaythreatentotaketheirchildrenoutofcollegeorcutofffunds45.thinkitonlyrightandnaturalthattheydeterminewhattheirchildrendowiththeirlives46.whoarenowyoungadultsmust,betheonesresponsibleforwhattheydoandwhattheyare15.10PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)47.L48.G49.I50.D51.O52.F53.B54.M55.J56.C57.D58.B59.C60.B61.A62.B63.A64.C65.D66.CPartVCloze67.A68.B69.D70.C71.B72.C73.D74.A75.D76.B77.C78.A79.B80.C81.D82.A83.C84.B85.D86.APartVITranslation(5minutes)87.takepeople’ssleepqualityintoaccount88.thefield(where)wecancooperate/thefieldinwhichwecancooperate89.decidedtoquitthematch90.contactusatthefollowingaddress91.ifitisconvenientforyou/atyourconvenience2006年12月23日四级考试真题（最新整理版）PartⅠWriting（30minutes）Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitled.TheImportanceofReadingclassics.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1、许多人喜欢在除夕夜观看春节晚会2、但有些人提出取消春节晚会3、我的看法PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswersheet1.Forquestions1-4,markY(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;N(forNO)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.Forquestions5-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.SixSecretsofHigh-EnergyPeopleThere’sanenergycrisisinAmerica,andithasnothingtodowithfossilfuels.Millionsofusgetupeachmorningalreadywearyoverthedayholds.“Ijustcan’tgetstarted.”Peoplesay.Butit’snotphysicalenergythatmostofuslack.Sure,wecouldalluseextrasleepandabetterdiet.Butintruth,peoplearehealthiertodaythanatanytimeinhistory.Icanalmostguaranteethatifyoulongformoreenergy,theproblemisnotwithyourbody.Whatyou’reseekingisnotphysicalenergy.It’semotionalenergy.Yet,sadtosaylifesometimesseemsdesignedtoexhaustoursupply.Weworktoohard.Wehavefamilyobligations.Weencounteremergenciesandpersonalcrises.Nowondersomanyofussufferfromemotionalfatigue,akindofutterexhaustionofthespirit.Andyetweallknowpeoplewhoarefilledwithjoy,despitetheunpleasantcircumstancesoftheirlives.EvenasachildIobservedpeoplewhowerepoorordisabledorill,butwhononethelessfacedlifewithoptimismandvigor.ConsiderLauraHillenbrand,whodespiteanextremelyweakbodywrotethebest-sellerSeabiscuit.Hillenbrandbarelyhadenoughphysicalenergytodragherselfoutofbetowrite.Butshewasfueledbyhavingastoryshewantedtoshare.Itwasemotionalenergythathelpedhersucceed.Unlikephysicalenergy,whichisfiniteanddiminisheswithage,emotionalenergyisunlimitedandhasnothingtodowithgenesorupbringing.Sohowdoyougetit?Youcan’tsimplytellyourselftobepositive.Youmusttakeaction.Herearesixpracticalstrategiesthatwork.1.Dosomethingnew.Verylittlethat’snewoccursinourlives.Theimpactofthissamenessonouremotionalenergyisgradual,buthuge:It’slikeatirewithaslowleak.Youdon’titatfirst,buteventuallyyou’llgetaflat.It’suptoyoutoplugtheleak--eventhoughtherearealwaysadozenreasonstostaystuckinyourdullroutinesoflife.92That’swhereMaura,36,awaitress,foundherselfayearago.Fortunately,Maurahadalifeline--agroupofwomenfriendswhomeetregularlytodiscusstheirlives.TheirlivelydiscussionsspurredMauratomakesmallbutneverthelesslifealteringchanges.Shejoinedagyminthenexttown.ShechangedherlookwithashorthaircutandnewblackT-shirts.Eventually,Mauragatheredthecouragetoquitherjobandstartherownbusiness.Here’sachallenge:Ifit’ssomethingyouwouldn’tordinarilydo,doit.Tryadishyou’venevereaten.Listentomusicyou’dordinarilytuneout.You’lldiscoverthesesmallthingsaddtoyouremotionalenergy.2.Reclaimlife’smeaning.Somanyofmypatientstellmethattheirlivesusedtohavemeaning,butthatsomewherealongthelinethingswentstate.Thefirststepinsolvingthismeaningshortageistofigureoutwhatyoureallycareabout,andthendosomethingaboutit.AcaseinpointisIvy,57,apioneerininvestmentbanking."ImistakenlybelievedthatallthemoneyImadewouldmeansomething."shesays."ButIfeellost,likea22-year-oldwonderingwhattodowithherlife."Ivy’ssolution?ShestartedaprogramthatshowsWallStreetershowtodonatetimeandmoneytopoorchildren.Intheprocess,Ivyfilledherlifewithmeaning.3.Putyourselfinthefunzone.Mostofusgrown-upsareseriouslyfun-deprived.High-energypeoplehavethesameday-to-dayworkastherestofus,buttheymanagetofindsomethingenjoyableineverysituation.ArealestatebrokerIknowkeepsherselfamusedonthejobbymentallyredecoratingthehousessheshowstoclients."Iloveimaginingwhateventhemostrun-downhousecouldlooklikewithyalittletenderlovingcare,"shesays."It’sachallenge--andtheleastdesirablepropertiesareusuallythemostfun."Wealldefinefundifferently,ofcourse,butIcanguaranteethis:Ifyouputjustabitofitintoyourday,youenergywillincreasequickly.4.Bidfarewelltoguiltandregret.Everyone’spastisfilledwithregretsthatstillcausepain.Butfromanemotionalenergypointofview,theyaredeadweightsthatkeepusfromusfrommovingforward.Whiletheycan’tmerelybewilledaway,Idorecommendyouremindyourselfthatwhateverhappenedisinthepast,andnothingcanchangethat.Holdingontothememoryonlyallowsthedamagetocontinueintothepresent.5.Makeupyourmind.Sayyou’vebeenthinkingaboutcuttingyourhairshort.Willitlookstylish–ortooextreme?Youendlesslythinkitover.Havingthedecisionhangingoveryourheadisahugeenergydrain.Everytimeyoucan’tdecide,youburdenyourselfwithalternatives.Quitthinkingthatyouhavetomaketherightdecision;instead,makeachoiceanddon’tlookback.6.Givetoget.Emotionalenergyhasakindofmagicalquality;themoreyougive,themoreyougetback..Thisisthedifferencebetweenemotionalandphysicalenergy.Withthelatter.Youhavetogetittobeabletogiveit.Withtheformer,however,yougetitbygivingit.Startbyaskingeveryoneyoumeet,“Howareyou?”asifyoureallywanttoknow,thenlistentothereply.Betheonewhohears.Mostofusalsoneedtosmilemoreoften.Ifyoudon’tsmileatthepersonyoulovefirstthinginthemorning,you’resuckingenergyoutofyourrelationship.Finally,helpanotherperson—andmakethehelpreal,concrete.Giveamassage(按摩)tosomeoneyoulove,orcookherdinner,Then,expandthecircletowork.Tryaskingyourselfwhatyou’ddoifyourgoalweretobehelpfulratherthanefficient.Afterall,ifit’struethatwhatgoesaroundcomesaround,whynotmakesurethatwhat’scirculatingaroundyouisthegoodstuff?注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.TheenergycrisisinAmericadiscussedheremainlyreferstoashortageoffossilfuels.2.Peoplethesedaystendtolackphysicalenergy.3.LauraHillenbrandisanexamplecitedtoshowhowemotionalenergycancontributetoone’ssuccessinlife.4.Theauthorbelievesemotionalenergyisinheritedandgeneticallydetermined.5.Evensmallchangespeoplemakeintheirlivescanhelpincreasetheiremotionalenergy.6.Theyfilledherlifewithmeaningbylaunchingaprogramtohelppoorchildren.7.Thereal-estatebrokertheauthorknowsistalentedinhomeredecoration.8.Peopleholdingontosadmemoriesofthepastwillfinditdifficultto__________.9.Whenitcomestodecision-making.Oneshouldmakeaquickchoicewithout_________.10.Emotionalenergyisinawaydifferentfromphysicalenergyinthatthemoreyougive,_________.PartⅢListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2long93conversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。11.A.PlanhisbudgetcarefullyB.Givehermoreinformation.C.Asksomeoneelseforadvice.D.Buyagiftforhisgirlfriend.12.A.She’llhavesomechocolatecake.B.She’lltakealookatthemenu.C.She’llgowithoutdessert.D.She’llpreparethedinner.13.A.Themancanspeakaforeignlanguage.B.ThewomanhopestoimproveherEnglish.C.Thewomanknowsmanydifferentlanguages.D.Themanwishestovisitmanymorecountries.14.A.Gotothelibrary.B.Meetthewoman.C.SeeProfessorSmith.D.Haveadrinkinthebar.15.A.Sheisn’tsurewhenProfessorBloomwillbebackB.Themanshouldn’tbelateforhisclass.C.Themancancomebacksometimelater.D.Shecanpassonthemessagefortheman.16.A.Hehasastrangepersonality.B.He’sgotemotionalproblems.C.Hisillnessisbeyondcure.D.Hisbehaviorishardtoexplain.17.A.Theticketsaremoreexpensivethanexpected.B.Theticketsaresoldinadvanceathalfprice.C.It’sdifficulttobuytheticketsonthespot.D.It’sbettertotheticketsbeforehand.18.A.Heturnedsuddenlyandranintoatree.B.Hewashitbyafallenboxfromatruck.C.Hedrovetoofastandcrashedintoatruck.D.Hewastryingtoovertakethetruckaheadofhim.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.What’sthewoman’smainpurposeofvisitingQuebec?A.TogoboatingontheSt.LawrenceRiverB.TogosightseeinginQuebecProvinceC.TocallonafriendinQuebecCityD.ToattendaweddinginMontreal20.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodobeforethetrip?A.StudythemapofQuebecProvinceB.FindmoreaboutQuebecProvinceC.BrushuponherFrenchD.Learnmoreaboutthelocalcustoms21.WhatdoesthemansayabouttheQuebecCity?A.It’smostbeautifulinsummerB.Ithasmanyhistoricalbuildings.C.Itwasgreatlyexpandedinthe18thcentury.D.It’stheonlyFrench-speakingcityinCanada.Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustbeared.22.WhatdowelearnfromtheconversationaboutMissRowling’sfirstbook?A.Itwasaboutalittleanimal.B.Ittookhersixyearstowrite.C.Itwasadaptedfromafairytale.D.Itwasaboutalittlegirlandherpet.23.WhydoesMissRowlingconsiderhersoverylucky?A.Sheknowshowtowritebest-sellingnovels.B.Shecanearnalotofmoneybywritingforadults.C.Sheisabletowinenoughsupportfrompublishers.D.Shecanmakealivingbydoingwhatshelikes.24.WhatdictatesMissRowling’swriting?A.Thecharacters.B.Herideas.C.Thereaders.D.Herlifeexperiences.25.AccordingtoMissRowlingwheredidshegettheideasfortheHarryPorterbooks?A.Shedoesn’treallyknowwheretheyoriginated94B.Shemainlydrewonstoriesofancientsaints.C.Theypoppedoutofherchildhooddreams.D.Theygrewoutofherlonghoursofthinking.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)B)C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。PassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.Whatwereteacherstoldtodointheexperiment?A.Monitorstudents’sleeppatterns.B.Helpstudentsconcentrateinclass.C.Recordstudents’weeklyperformance.D.Askstudentstocompleteasleepreport.27.Accordingtotheexperiment,whatproblemcaninsufficientsleepcauseinstudents?A.Declininghealth.B.Lackofattention.C.Lossofmotivation.D.Improperbehavior.28.Whatmessagedidtheresearcherintendtoconveytoparents?A.Theyshouldmakesuretheirchildrenarealwayspunctualforschool.B.Theyshouldensuretheirchildrengrowupinahealthyenvironment.C.Theyshouldhelptheirchildrenaccomplishhigh-qualitywork.D.Theyshouldseetoitthattheirchildrenhaveadequatesleep.PassageTwoQuestions29to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.29.WhatwasthesignificantchangeinPatriciaPena’slife?A.Shestoppedbeingahomemaker.B.Shebecameafamouseducator.C.Shebecameapublicfigure.D.Shequitdrivingaltogether.30.WhathadledtoPena’spersonaltragedy?A.Amotorist’sspeeding.B.Herrunningastopsign.C.Herlackofdrivingexperience.D.Amotorist’sfailuretoconcentrate.31.HowdidPenafeelwhenshebeganherfirstspeech?A.Nervousandunsureofherself.B.Calmandconfidentofherself.C.Courageousandforceful.D.Distractedandreluctant.32.WhatcouldbeexpectedasaresultofPena’sefforts?A.Morestricttrainingofwomendrivers.B.Restrictionsoncellphoneusewhiledriving.C.Improvedtrafficconditionsincities.D.Newregulationstoensurechildren’ssafety.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.Accordingtothepassage,whyhaven’tscientistsfoundacureforthecommoncold?A.Theyhaven’tdevotedasmuchenergytomedicineastospacetravel.B.Threearetoomanykindsofcoldvirusesforthemtoidentify.C.Itisnoteconomicaltofindacureforeachforeachtypeofcold.D.Theybelievepeoplecanrecoverwithouttreatment.34.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthesymptomsofthecommoncold?A.Theyrevealtheseriousnessoftheproblem.B.Theyindicatehowfastthevirusspreads.C.Theytelluswhatkindofmedicinetotake.D.Theyshowourbodyisfightingthevirus.35.Whatdosomescientistssayabouttakingmedicinesforthecommoncold,accordingtothepassage?A.Itactuallydoesmoreharmthangood.B.ItcausesdamagetosomeorgansofourbodyC.Itworksbetterwhencombinedwithotherremedies.D.Ithelpsustorecovermuchsooner.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to9546youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2作答。Youprobablyhavenoticedthatpeopleexpresssimilarideasindifferentwaysdependingonthesituationtheyarein.Thisisvery(36)__________.Alllanguageshavetwogenerallevelsof(37)__________:aformallevelandaninformallevel.Englishisno(38)__________.Thedifferenceinthesetwolevelsisthesituationinwhichyouusea(39)___________level.Formallanguageisthekindoflanguageyoufindintextbooks,(40)__________booksandinbusinessletters.YouwouldalsouseformalEnglishincompositionsand(41)__________thatyouwriteinschool.Informallanguageisusedinconversationwith(42)__________,familymembersandfriends,andwhenwewrite(43)__________notesorletterstoclosefriends.Formallanguageisdifferentfrominformallanguageinseveralways.First,formallanguagetendstobemorepolite.(44)______________________________________________________.Forexample,Imightsaytoafriendorafamilymember“Closethedoor,please”,(45)___________________________________________________Anotherdifferencebetweenformalandinformallanguageissomeofthevocabulary.(46)_____________________________________________________________________________________.Let’ssaythatIreallylikesoccer.IfIamtalkingtomyfriend,Imightsay“Iamjustcrazyaboutsoccer”,butifIweretalkingtomyboss,Iwouldprobablysay“Ireallyenjoysoccer”.PartIVReadingComprehension(readingindepth)(25minutes)SectionADirection:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinbankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.ThefloodofwomenintothejobmarketboostedeconomicgrowthandchangedU.S.societyinmanyways.Manyin-homejobsthatusedtobedone47bywomen----rangingfromfamilyshoppingtopreparingmealstodoing48work——stillneedtobedonebysomeone.Husbandsandchildrennowdosomeofthesejobs,a49thathaschangedthetargetmarketformanyproducts.Oraworkingwomanmayfaceacrushing“povertyoftime“andlookforhelpelsewhere,creatingopportunitiesforproducersoffrozenmeals,childcarecenters,drycleaners,financialservices,andthelike.Althoughthereisstillabigwage50betweenmenandwomen,theincomeworkingwomen51givesthemnewindependenceandbuyingpower.Forexample,womennow52abouthalfofallcars.Notlongago,manycarsdealers53womenshoppersbyignoringthemorsuggestingthattheycomebackwiththeirhusbands.Nowcarcompanieshaverealizedthatwomenare54customers.It’sinterestingthatsomeleadingJapanesecardealerswerethefirstto55payattentiontowomencustomers.InJapan,fewerwomenhavejobsorbuycars—theJapanesesocietyisstillverymuchmale—oriented.Perhapsitwasthe56contrastwithJapanesesocietythatpromptedAmericanfirmstopaymoreattentiontowomenbuyers.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答A）scaleB）retailedC）generateD）extremeE）technicallyF）affordableG）situationH）reallyI）potentialJ）gapK）voluntaryL）excessiveM）insultedN）purchaseO）primarilySectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemarefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestion57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ReadingnewpeaksofpopularityinNorthAmericaisIcebergWaterwhichisharvestedfromicebergsoffthecoastofNewfoundland,Canada.ArthurvonWiesenberger,whocarriesthetitleWaterMaster,isoneofthefewwatercriticsinNorthAmerica.Asaboy,hespenttimeinthelargercitiesofItaly,FranceandSwitzerland,Wherebottledwaterisconsumeddaily.Eventhen,hekeptawaterjournal,notingthebrandshelikedbest.“Mydogcouldtellthedifferencebetweenbottledandtapwater.”Hesays.Butisplaintapwaterallthatbad?Notatall.Infact,NewYork’smunicipalwaterformorethanacenturywascalledthechampagneoftapwateranduntilrecentlyconsideredamongthebestintheworldintermsofbothtasteandpurity.Similarly,amagazineinEnglandfoundthattapwaterfromtheThamesRivertastedbetterthanseveralleadingbrandsofbottledwaterthatwere400timesmoreexpensive.Nevertheless,soft-drinkcompaniesviewbottledwaterasthenextbattle-groundformarketshare-thisdespitethefactthatover25percentofbottledwatercomesfromtap96water:PepsiCo’sAquafinaandCoca-Cola’sDasaniarebothpurifiedtapwaterratherthanspringwater.Asdinersthirstforleadingbrands,bottlersandrestaurateurssalivate(垂涎)overtheprofits.Arestaurant’stypicalmark-uponwineis100to150percent,whereasonbottledwaterit’soften300to500percent.Butsincewaterismuchcheaperthanwine,andmanyofthefancierbrandsaren’tavailableinstores,mostdinesdon’tnoticeorcare.Asaresult,somerestaurantsareturningupthepressuretosellbottledwater.AccordingtoanarticleinTheStreetJournal,someofthemoreshamelesstacticsincludeplacingattractivebottlesonthetableforavisualsell,listingbrandsonthemenuwithoutprices,andpouringbottledwaterwithoutevenaskingthedinnersiftheywantit.Regardlessofhowit’ssold,thepopularityofbottledwatertapsintoourdesireforbetterhealth,ourwishtoappearcultivated,andevenalongingforlostpurity.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。57.WhatdoweknowaboutIcebergWaterfromthepassage?A.Itisakindoficedwater.B.Itisjustplaintapwater.C.Itisakindofbottledwater.D.Itisakindofmineralwater.58.Bysaying“Mydogcouldtellthedifferencebetweenbottledandtapwater”(Line4,Para2),vonWiesenbergwantstoconveythemessagethat________.A.plaintapwateriscertainlyunfitfordrinkingB.bottledwaterisclearlysuperiortotapwaterC.bottledwateroftenappealsmoretodogstasteD.dogscanusuallydetectafinedifferenceintaste59.The“fancierbrands”(Line3Para5)refersto________.A.tapwaterfromtheThamesRiverB.famouswinesnotsoldinordinarystoresC.PepsiCo’sAquafinaandCoca-Cola’sDasaniD.expensivebottledwaterwithimpressivenames60.Whyaresomerestaurantsturningupthepressuretosellbottledwater?A.Bottledwaterbringsinhugeprofits.B.Competitionfromthewineindustryisintense.C.Mostdinersfindbottledwateraffordable.D.Bottledwatersatisfieddiners’desiretofashionable.61.Accordingtopassage,whyisbottledwatersopopular?A.Itismuchcheaperthanwine.B.Itisconsideredhealthier.C.Itappealstomorecultivatedpeople.D.Itismorewidelypromotedinthemarket.PassageTwoAswehaveseen,thefocusofmedicalcareinoursocietyhasbeenshiftingfromcuringdiseasetopreventingdisease–especiallyintermsofchangingourmanyunhealthybehaviors,suchaspooreatinghabits,smoking,andfailuretoexercise.Thelineofthoughtinvolvedinthisshiftcanbepursuedfurther.Imagineapersonwhoisabouttherightweight,butdoesnoteatverynutritious(有营养的)foods,whofeelsOKbutexercisesonlyoccasionally,whogoestoworkeveryday,butisnotanoutstandingworker,whodrinksafewbeersathomemostnightsbutdoesnotdrivewhiledrunk,andwhohasnochestpainsorabnormalbloodcounts,butsleepsalotandoftenfeelstired.Thispersonisnotill.Hemaynotevenbeatriskforanyparticulardisease.Butwecanimaginethatthispersoncouldbealothealthier.Thefieldofmedicinehasnottraditionallydistinguishedbetweensomeonewhoismerely“notill”andsomeonewhoisinexcellenthealthandpaysattentiontothebody’sspecialneeds.Bothtypeshavesimplybeencalled“well”.Inrecentyears,however,somehealthspecialistshavebeguntoapplytheterms“well”and“wellness”onlytothosewhoareactivelystrivingtomaintainandimprovetheirhealth.Peoplewhoarewellareconcernedwithnutritionandexerciseandtheymakeapointofmonitoringtheirbody’scondition.Mostimportant,perhaps,peoplewhoarewelltakeactiveresponsibilityforallmattersrelatedtotheirhealth.Evenpeoplewhohaveaphysicaldiseaseorhandicap(缺陷)maybe"well,"inthisnewsense,iftheymakeanefforttomaintainthebestpossiblehealththeycaninthefaceoftheirphysicallimitations."Wellness"mayperhapsbestbeviewednotasastatethatpeoplecanachieve,butasanidealthatpeoplecanstrivefor.Peoplewhoarewellarelikelytobebetterabletoresistdiseaseandtofightdiseasewhenitstrikes.Andbyfocusingattentiononhealthywaysofliving,theconceptofwellnesscanhaveabeneficialimpactonthewaysinwhichpeoplefacethechallengesofdailylife.62.Todaymedicalcareisplacingmorestresson________.A.keepingpeopleinahealthyphysicalconditionB.monitoringpatients’bodyfunctionsC.removingpeople’sbadlivinghabitsD.ensuringpeople’spsychologicalwell-being9763.Inthefirstparagraph,peopleareremindedthat________.A.goodhealthismorethannotbeingillB.drinking,evenifnottoexcess,couldbeharmfulC.regularhealthchecksareessentialtokeepingfitD.preventionismoredifficultthancure64.Traditionally,apersonisconsidered"well"ifhe________.A.doesnothaveanyunhealthylivinghabitsB.doesnothaveanyphysicalhandicapsC.isabletohandlehisdailyroutinesD.isfreefromanykindofdisease65.Accordingtotheauthor,thetruemeaningof"wellness"isforpeople________.A.tobestsatisfytheirbody’sspecialneedsB.tostrivetomaintainthebestpossiblehealthC.tomeetthestricteststandardsofbodilyhealthD.tokeepaproperbalancebetweenworkandleisure66.Accordingtowhattheauthoradvocates,whichofthefollowinggroupsofpeoplewouldbeconsideredhealthy?A.Peoplewhohavestrongmusclesaswellasslimfigures.B.Peoplewhoarenotpresentlyexperiencinganysymptomsofdisease.C.Peoplewhotrytobeaspossible,regardlessoftheirlimitations.D.Peoplewhocanrecoverfromillnessevenwithoutseekingmedicalcare.完形填空Languageisthemostastonishingbehaviorintheanimalkingdom.Itisthespecies-typicalbehaviorthatsetshumanscompletely67fromallotheranimals.Languageisameansofcommunication,68itismuchmorethanthat.Manyanimalscan69.Thedanceofthehoneybeecommunicatesthelocationofflowers70othermembersofthehive(蜂群).Buthumanlanguagepermitscommunicationaboutanything.71thingslikeunicorns(独角兽)thathaveneverexisted.Thekey72inthefactthattheunitsofmeaning,words,canbe73togetherindifferentways,accordingto74,tocommunicatedifferentmeanings.Languageisthemostimportantlearningwedo.Nothing75humanssomuchasourabilitytocommunicateabstractthoughts,76abouttheuniversitythemind,love,dreams,ororderingadrink,Itisanimmenselycomplex77thatwetakeforgranted.Indeed,wearenotawareofmost78ofourspeechandunderstanding.Considerwhathappenswhenonepersonisspeakingto79.TheSpeakerhastotranslatethoughtsinto80language.Brainimagingstudiessuggestthatthetimefromthoughtstothe81ofspeechisextremelyfast.Only0.04seconds!Thelistenermusthearthesoundsto82outwhatthespeakermeans.Hemustusethesoundsofspeechto83thewordsspoken,understandthepatternof84ofthewords(sentences),andfinally85themeaning.Thistakessomewhatlonger,aminimumofabout0.5seconds.But86started,itisofcourseacontinuousprocess.67.A.apartB.offC.upD.down68.A.soB.butC.orD.for69.A.transferB.transmitC.conveyD.communicate70.A.toB.fromC.overD.on71.A.onlyB.almostC.evenD.just72.A.staysB.situatesC.hidesD.lies73.A.stuckB.strungC.rungD.consisted74.A.rulesB.scalesC.lawsD.standards75.A.combinesB.containsC.definesD.declares76.A.whatB.whetherC.whileD.if77.A.prospectB.progressC.processD.produce78.A.aspectsB.abstractsC.anglesD.assumptions79.A.anybodyB.anotherC.otherD.everybody80.A.bodyB.gestureC.writtenD.spoken81.A.growingB.fixingC.beginningD.building82.A.putB.takeC.drawD.figure83.A.identifyB.locateC.revealD.discover84.A.performanceB.organizationC.designD.layout85.A.prescribeB.justifyC.utterD.interpret86.A.sinceB.afterC.onceD.untilPartVITranslation(5minutes)Directions:CompletethesentencesonAnswerSheet2bytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.87.Specialistsininterculturalstudiessaysthatitisnoteasyto_______________(适应不同文化中的生活)88.SincemychildhoodIhavefondthat_____________________(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力)89.Thevictim_______________________(本来会有机会活下来)ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime90.Somepsychologistsclaimthatpeople___________________(出门在外时可能会感到孤独)91.Thenation’spopulationcontinuestorise__________________(以每年1200万人的速度)98参考答案A卷：（官方答案将会在成绩公布后发表）PartIWriting(15%)参考范文：TheapproachoftheChineseLunarNewYearposesanationalissueconcerningthenecessityofholdingtheCCTVSpringFestivalGala.Itsestablishedstatusisbeingchallengedbyagrowingnumberofpeople,especiallybyyoungergenerations.Itisincreasinglydifficulttocaterforalltastes.Someindividualsdeemthatitshouldbecanceledorreplacedbyotherprograms.TheseyoungpeoplefocustheirattentiononotherformsofcelebrationinsteadofimmersingthemselvesinTV.Despitethat,themajorityofmid-agedpeopleandseniorcitizensupholdtheimportanceofthetraditionalperformance.Themoststrikingfeatureofthisgalaisitstraditionallycloselinkwithordinarypeople’slives.MostofpeopleviewthisgalaasanannualstapleonthetraditionalChineseSpringFestivalEve.Theyallhavearestlessnightandgluetheireyesonthetelevision.Iamnotsupportiveoftheviewthatthegrandgalashouldbeabandoned.Undoubtedly,itplaysavitalroleinthecelebrationofChineseNewYear.Toincreaseitsappealandmeetyoungadults’need,theupcomingperformanceshouldinvitesomebignamesincludingsuperstarsfromHongKongandTaiwan.Wearealleagerlyanticipatingthisunforgettableeveningshow.PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(10%)991.N2.N3.Y4.N5.Y6.Y7.NG8.moveforward9.lookingback10.themoreyougetback100PartIIIListeningComprehension(35%)SectionA11.BGivehermoreinformation12.CShe’llgowithoutdessert13.AThemancanspeakaforeignlanguage14.CSeeProf.Smith15.DShecanpassonthemessagefortheman16.BHe’sgotemotionalproblems17.DIt’sbettertobuytheticketsbeforehand18.AHeturnedsuddenlyandranintoatree19.DtoattendaweddinginMontreal20.CBrushuponherFrench21.BIthasmanyhistoricalbuildings22.AItwasaboutalittleanimal23.DShecanmakealivingbydoingwhatshelikes24.BHerideas25.AShedoesn’treallyknowwheretheyoriginatedSectionB26.CRecordstudents’weeklyperformance27.BLackofattention28.DTheyshouldseetoitthattheirchildrenhaveadequatesleep29.CShebecameapublicfigure30.DAmotorist’sfailuretoconcentrate31.ANervousandunsureofherself32.BRestrictionsoncellphoneusewhiledriving33.BTherearetoomanykindsofcoldvirusesforthemtoidentify34.DTheyshowourbodyisfightingthevirus35.AItactuallydoesmoreharmthangoodSectionC10136.natural37.usage38.exception39.particular40.reference41.essays42.colleagues43.personal44.Whatwemayfindinterestingisthatitusuallytakesmorewordstobepolite45.buttoastranger,Iprobablywouldsay"wouldyoumindclosingthedoor?"46.Thereareboundtobesomewordsandphrasesthatbelonginformallanguageandothersthatareinformal.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25%)SectionA47.O)primarily48.K)voluntary49.G)situation50.J)gap51.C)generate52.N)purchase53.M)insulted54.I)potential55.H)really56.D)extremeSectionB57.C)Itisakindofbottledwater58.B)bottledwaterisclearlysuperiortotapwater59.D)expensivebottledwaterwithimpressivenames60.A)Bottledwaterbringsinhugeprofits61.B)Itisconsideredhealthier62.C)removingpeople’sbadlivinghabits63.A)goodhealthismorethannotbeingill64.D)isfreefromanykindofdisease65.B)tostrivetomaintainthebestpossiblehealth66.C)Peoplewhotrytobeashealthyaspossible,regardlessoftheirlimitations听力原文：SectionA:ConversationsShortConversations短对话11.M:Christmasisaroundthecorner.AndI’mlookingforagiftformygirlfriend.Anysuggestions?W:Wellyouhavetotellmesomethingaboutyourgirlfriendfirst.Also,what’syourbudget?Q:Whatdoesthewomanwantthemantodo?12.M:Whatwouldyoulikefordessert?IthinkI’llhaveapplepieandicecream.W:Thechocolatecakelooksgreat,butIhavetowatchmyweight.Yougoaheadandgetyours.Q:Whatwouldthewomanmostprobablydo?13.W:Havingvisitedsomanycountries,youmustbeabletospeakseveraldifferentlanguages.M:IwishIcould.ButJapaneseandofcourseEnglisharetheonlylanguagesIcanspeak.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?14.M:ProfessorSmithaskedmetogotohisofficeafterclass.Soit’simpossibleformetomakeittothebaratten.W:Thenitseemsthatwe’llhavetomeetanhourlateratthelibrary.Q:Whatwillthemandofirstafterclass?15.M:It’salready11now.DoyoumeanIoughttowaituntilMr.Bloomcomesbackfromtheclass?W:Notreally.Youcanjustleaveanote.I’llgiveittoherlater.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?16.M:HowisJohnnow?Ishefeelinganybetter?W:Notyet.Itstillseemsimpossibletomakehimsmile.Talkingtohimisreallydifficultandhegetsupseteasilyoverlittlethings.Q:WhatdowelearnaboutJohnfromtheconversation?17.M:Dowehavetogettheoperaticketsinadvance?W:Certainly.Ticketsatthedoorareusuallysoldatahigherprice.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?18.M:Thetaxidrivermusthavebeenspeeding.W:Well,notreally.Hecrashedintothetreebecausehewastryingnottohitaboxthathadfallenoffthetruckaheadofhim.102Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthetaxidriver?LongConversations:长对话Conversation1W:Hey,Bob,guesswhat?I’mgoingtovisitQuebecnextsummer.I’minvitedtogotoafriend’swedding.ButwhileI’mthereI’dalsoliketodosomesightseeing.M:That’snice,Shelly.ButdoyoumeantheprovinceofQuebec,orQuebecCity?W:Imeantheprovince.Myfriend’sweddingisinMontreal.I’mgoingtherefirst.I’llstayforfivedays.IsMontrealthecapitalcityoftheprovince?M:Well,Manypeoplethinksobecauseit’sthebiggestcity.Butit’snotthecapital.QuebecCityis.ButMontrealisgreat.TheSaintRoyalRiverrunsrightthroughthemiddleofthecity.It’sbeautifulinsummer.W:Wow,anddoyouthinkIcangetbyinEnglish?MyFrenchisOK,butnotthatgood.IknowmostpeopletherespeakFrench,butcanIalsouseEnglish?M:Well,PeoplespeakbothFrenchandEnglishthere.Butyou’llhearFrenchmostofthetime.AndallthestreetsignsareinFrench.Infact,MontrealisthethirdlargestFrenchspeakingcityintheworld.Soyou’dbetterpracticeyourFrenchbeforeyougo.W:Goodadvice.WhataboutQuebecCity?I’llvisitafriendfromcollegewholivestherenow.What’sitlike?M:It’sabeautifulcity,veryold.Manyoldbuildingshavebeennicelyrestored.Someofthemwerebuiltinthe17thor18thcenturies.You’lllovethere.W:Fantastic.Ican’twaittogo.Questions:19.What’sthewoman’smainpurposeofvisitingQuebec?20.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodobeforethetrip?21.WhatdoesthemansayabouttheQuebecCity?Conversation2M:Hi,MissRowling,howoldwereyouwhenyoustartedtowrite?Andwhatwasyourfirstbook?W:IwrotemyfirstFinnish(finished)storywhenIwasaboutsix.Itwasaboutasmallanimal,arabbit,Imean.AndI’vebeenwritingeversince?M:Whydidyouchoosetobeanauthor?W:Ifsomeoneaskedmehowtoachievehappiness.StepOnewouldbefindingoutwhatyoulovedoingmost.Steptwowouldbefindingsomeonetopayyoutodothis.IconsidermyselfveryluckyindeedtobeabletosupportmyselfbywritingM:Doyouhaveanyplanstowritebooksforadults?W:Myfirsttwonovelswereforadults.IsupposeImightwriteanotherone.ButIneverreallyimagineatargetaudiencewhenI’mwriting.Theideascomefirst.Soitreallydependsontheideasthatgraspmenext.M:wheredidtheideasforthe“HarryPotter”bookscomefrom?I’venoideaswheretheideascamefrom.AndIhopeI’llneverfindout.ItwouldspoilmyexcitementifitturnedoutIjusthaveafunnywrinkleonthesurfaceofmybrain,whichmakesmethinkabouttheinvisibletrainplatform.M:Howdidyoucomeupwiththenamesofyourcharacters?Iinventedsomeofthem.ButIalsocollectedstrangenames.I’vegotonefromancientsaints,maps,dictionaries,plants,warmemoirsandpeopleImet.M:Oh,youarereallyresourceful.Questions:22.WhatdowelearnfromtheconversationaboutMissRowling’sfirstbook?23.WhydoesMissRowlingconsiderhersoverylucky?24.WhatdictatesMissRowling’swriting?25.AccordingtoMissRowlingwheredidshegettheideasfortheHarryPorterbooks?SectionB:PassagesPassage1Reducingtheamountofsleepstudentsgetatnighthasadirectimpactontheirperformanceatschoolduringtheday.Accordingtoclassroomteachers,elementaryandmiddleschoolstudentswhostayuplateexhibitmorelearningandattentionproblems.ThishasbeenshownbyBrownMedicalSchoolandBradleyHospitalresearch.Inthestudy,teacherswerenottoldtheamountofsleepstudentsreceivedwhencompletingweeklyperformancereports,yettheyratedthestudentswhohadreceivedeighthoursorlessashavingthemosttroublerecallingallthematerial，learningnewlessonsandcompletinghigh-qualitywork.Teachersalsoreportedthatthesestudentshadmoredifficultypayingattention.Theexperimentisthefirsttoaskteacherstoreportontheeffectsofsleepdeficiencyinchildren.Juststayinguplatecancauseincreasedacademicdifficultyandattentionproblemsforotherwisehealthy,well-functioningkids,saidGarharnForlone,thestudy’sleadauthor.Sotheresultsprovideprofessionalsandparentswithaclearmessage:whenachildishavinglearningandattentionproblems,theissueofsleephastobetakenintoconsideration.“Ifwedon’taskaboutsleep,andtrytoimprovesleeppatternsinkids’strugglingacademically,thenwearen’tdoingourjob”,Forlonesaid.Forparents,hesaid,themessageissimple,“gettingkidstobedontimeisas103importantasgettingthemtoschoolontime”.Questions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Question26:Whatwereteacherstoldtodointheexperiment?Question27:Accordingtotheexperiment,whatproblemcaninsufficientsleepcauseinstudents?Question28:Whatmessagedidtheresearcherintendtoconveytoparents?Passage2PatriciaPenaneverwantedtobeapublicfigure.Allshewantedtobewasamotherandhome-maker.Butherlifewasturnedupsidedownwhenamotorist,distractedbyhiscellphone,ranastopsignandcrashedintothesideofhercar.Theimpactkilledher2-year-olddaughter.Fourmonthslater,Penareluctantlybutcourageouslydecidedtotrytoeducatethepublicandtofightforlawstobandriversfromusingcellphoneswhileacarismoving.Shewantedtosaveotherchildrenfromwhathappenedtoherdaughter.Inherfirstspeech,Penagotofftoashakystart.Shewasvisiblytremblingandhervoicewassoftanduncertain.Butasshegotintoherspeech,adramatictransformationtookplace.Shestoppedshakingandspokewithastrongvoice.Fortherestofhertalk,shewasaforcefulandcompellingspeaker.Shewantedeveryoneintheaudiencetoknowwhatsheknewwithouthavingtolearnitfromapersonaltragedy.Manyintheaudienceweremovedtotearsandtoaction.Insubsequentpresentations,Penagainedreputationasahighlyeffectivespeaker.Herappearanceonatalkshowwasbroadcastthreetimes,transmittinghermessagetoover40millionpeople.Hercampaignincreasedpublicawarenessoftheproblem,andpromptedover300citiesandseveralstatestoconsiderrestrictionsoncellphoneuse.Questions29to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Question29:WhatwasthesignificantchangeinPatriciaPena’slife?Question30:WhathadledtoPena’spersonaltragedy?Question31:HowdidPenafeelwhenshebeganherfirstspeech?Question32:WhatcouldbeexpectedasaresultofPena’sefforts?Passage3Manypeoplecatchacoldinthespringtimeorfall.Itmakesuswonderifscientistscansendamantothemoon,whycan’ttheyfindacureforthecommoncold.Theansweriseasy.There’reactuallyhundredsofkindsofcoldvirusesoutthere.Youneverknowwhichoneyouwillget,sothereisn’tacureforeachone.Whenavirusattacksyourbody,yourbodyworkshardtogetridofit.Bloodrushestoyournoseandcausesablockadeinit.Youfeelterriblebecauseyoucan’tbreathewell,butyourbodyisactuallyeatingthevirus.Yourtemperaturerisesandyougetafever,buttheheatofyourbodyiskillingthevirus.Youalsohavearunningnosetostopthevirusfromgettingintoyourcells.Youmayfeelmiserable,butactuallyyourwonderfulbodyisdoingeverythingitcantokillthecold.Differentpeoplehavedifferentremediesforcolds.IntheUnitedStatesandsomeothercountries,forexample,peoplemighteatchickensouptofeelbetter.Somepeopletakehotbathanddrinkwarmliquids.Otherpeopletakemedicinestorelievevarioussymptomsofcolds.Therewasoneinterestingthingtonote.Somescientistssaytakingmedicineswhenyouhaveacoldisactuallybadforyou.Thevirusstaysinyoulonger,becauseyourbodydoesn’tdevelopawaytofightitandkillit.Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Question33:Accordingtothepassage,whyhaven’tscientistsfoundacureforthecommoncold?Question34:Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthesymptomsofthecommoncold?Question35:Whatdosomescientistssayabouttakingmedicinesforthecommoncold,accordingtothepassage?1042006年6月四级试题PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.1.A)Theyenjoyedthepartybetterthantheotherguests.B)Theyknewnoneoftheotherguestsattheparty.C)Theydidn’tthinkmuchofthefoodanddrinks.D)Theywentalongwaytoattendtheparty.2.A)Tothedentist’s.B)Tothemarket.C)Tothepostoffice.D)Tothebookstore.3.A)ShedislikesDr.Andrewsasmuchasthenewphysician.B)Dr.Andrewshasbeenpromotedforhisthoroughness.C)ShedisagreeswithDr.Andrewsonmanyoccasions.D)Dr.Andrewsusedtokeephispatientswaiting.4.A)Tomisusuallytalkative.B)Tomhasaverybadtemper.C)Tomisdislikedbyhiscolleagues.D)Tomhasdozensofthingstoattendto.5.A)Tofindoutmoreaboutthetopicfortheseminar.B)Tomakeacopyofthescheduleforhisfriend.C)Togettheseminarscheduleforthewoman.D)Topickupthewomanfromthelibrary.6.A)Themandoesn’twanttosellhistextbookstothewoman.B)Thewomanhastogetthetextbooksinotherways.C)Thewomanhassoldherusedtextbookstothebookstore.D)Themanisgoingtobuyhistextbooksfromabookstore.7.A)Giveaspeech.B)Meethislawyer.C)Attendaconference.D)Makeabusinesstrip.8.A)Jessieshouldknowthemarketingdirectorbetter.B)Jessieiswrongtofindfaultwithherboss.C)Jessieseemstohavealotonhermind.D)Jessiealwayssayswhatshethinks.9.A)Helenisquiet.B)Helenistalkative.C)Helenissociable.D)Helenisactive.10.A)Jimmyisnotseriousinmakingdecisions.B)Jimmyisrichenoughtobuyabighouse.C)Jimmy’swordsareoftennotreliable.D)JimmywillregretmarryingaFrenchwoman.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.A)IthasdonemoreharmthangoodinthesouthernUSA.B)ItwasbroughttothenorthernUSAbyAsianfarmers.C)ItwasintroducedintotheUSAtokillharmfulweeds.D)Itcanbeusedbyfarmerstoprotectlargebuildings.12.A)Theywillbecometoohardtoplough.B)Theywillsoonbeovergrownwithkudzu.C)Peoplewillhavetorelyonkudzuforaliving.D)Peoplewillfindithardtoprotectthesoil.13.A)Thesoilthereisnotsosuitablefortheplant.B)Thefactoriestherehavefoundagooduseforit.C)Thefarmerstherehavebroughtitundercontrol.D)Theclimatethereisunfavorabletoitsgrowth.PassageTwoQuestions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.10514.A)TheuniverseasawholeB)Asocietyoflegalprofessionals.C)Anassociationofteachersandscholars.D)Abusinesscorporation.15.A)Provincialcollegesweretakenoverbylargeruniversities.B)Itslargestexpansiontookplaceduringthatperiod.C)Smalluniversitiescombinedtoformbiggerones.D)Itsroleinsocietywentthroughadramaticchange.16.A)Privatedonations.B)Feespaidbystudents.C)Governmentfunding.D)Grantsfromcorporations.PassageThreeQuestions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.17.A)Hewasinterestedinthestudyofwildanimals.B)HestartedtheorganizationHeiferInternational.C)HewaswoundedintheSpanishcivilwar.D)Hesoldhiscowstomanycountriesintheworld.18.A)Tomakeplansforthedevelopmentofpoorcommunities.B)Toteachpeoplehowtousenewskillstoraiseanimals.C)Tohelpstarvingfamiliestobecomeself-supporting.D)Todistributefoodtothepooraroundtheworld.19.A)Theyshouldsubmitareportoftheirneedsandgoals.B)Theyshouldprovidefoodforthelocalcommunities.C)Theyshouldofferallbabyanimalstotheirpoorneighbors.D)Theyshouldhelpotherfamiliesthewaytheyhavebeenhelped.20.A)Ithashelpedrelievehungerinsomedevelopingcountries.B)Ithasimprovedanimalbreedingskillsallovertheworld.C)IthasbridgedthegapbetweentherichandthepoorinAmerica.D)Ithaspromotedinternationalexchangeoffarmingtechnology.PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Educatinggirlsquitepossiblyyieldsahigherrateofreturnthananyotherinvestmentavailableinthedevelopingworld.Women’seducationmaybeunusualterritoryforeconomists,butenhancingwomen’scontributiontodevelopmentisactuallyasmuchaneconomicasasocialissue.Andeconomics,withitsemphasisonincentives(激励),providesguidepoststhatpointtoanexplanationforwhysomanygirlsaredeprivedofaneducation.Parentsinlow-incomecountriesfailtoinvestintheirdaughtersbecausetheydonotexpectthemtomakeaneconomiccontributiontothefamily:girlsgrowuponlytomarryintosomebodyelse’sfamilyandbearchildren.Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandarekeptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothersaresenttoschool-theprophecy(预言)becomesself-fulfilling,trappingwomeninaviciouscircle(恶性循环)ofneglect.Aneducatedmother,ontheotherhand,hasgreaterearningabilitiesoutsidethehomeandfacesanentirelydifferentsetofchoices.Sheislikelytohavefewerbuthealthierchildrenandcaninsistonthedevelopmentofallherchildren,ensuringthatherdaughtersaregivenafairchance.Theeducationofherdaughtersthenmakesitmuchmorelikelythatthenextgenerationofgirls,aswellasofboys,willbeeducatedandhealthy.Theviciouscircleisthustransformedintoavirtuouscircle.Fewwilldisputethateducatingwomenhasgreatsocialbenefits.Butithasenormouseconomicadvantagesaswell.Mostobviously,thereisthedirecteffectofeducationonthewagesoffemaleworkers.Wagesriseby10to20percentforeachadditionalyearofschooling.Suchbigreturnsareimpressivebythestandardofotheravailableinvestments,buttheyarejustthebeginning.Educatingwomenalsohasasignificantimpactonhealthpractices,includingfamilyplanning.21.Theauthorarguesthateducatinggirlsindevelopingcountriesis_________.A)rewardingB)troublesomeC)expensiveD)labor-saving22.Bysaying“…theprophecybecomesself-fulfilling…”(Lines4-5,Para.2),theauthormeansthat__________.A)girlswilleventuallyfindtheirgoalsinlifebeyondreachB)girlswillbeincreasinglydiscontentedwiththeirlifeathomeC)girlswillbecapableofrealizingtheirowndreamsD)girlswillturnouttobelessvaluablethanboys23.Theauthorbelievesthataviciouscirclecanturnintoavirtuouscirclewhen________A)womencaremoreabouteducation106B)parentscanaffordtheirdaughters’educationC)girlscangainequalaccesstoeducationD)afamilyhasfewerbuthealthierchildren24.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutwomen’seducation?A)Ithasarousedtheinterestofagrowingnumberofeconomists.B)Itwillyieldgreaterreturnsthanotherknowninvestments.C)Itisnowgiventoppriorityinmanydevelopingcountries.D)Itdeservesgreaterattentionthanothersocialissues.25.Thepassagemainlydiscusses__________.A)unequaltreatmentofboysandgirlsindevelopingcountriesB)themajorcontributionsofeducatedwomentosocietyC)theeconomicandsocialbenefitsofeducatingwomenD)thepotentialearningpowerofwell-educatedwomenPassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Psychiatrists(精神病专家)whoworkwitholderparentssaythatmaturitycanbeanassetinchildrearing----olderparentsaremorethoughtful,uselessphysicaldisciplineandspendmoretimewiththeirchildren.Butraisingkidstakesmoneyandenergy.Manyolderparentsfindthemselvesbalancingtheirlimitedfinancialresources,decliningenergyandfailinghealthagainstthegrowingdemandsofanactivechild.Dyingandleavingyoungchildrenisprobablytheolderparents’biggest,andoftenunspoken,fear.Havinglate-lifechildren,saysaneconomicsprofessor,oftenmeansparents,particularlyfathers,“endupretiringmuchlater.”Formany,retirementbecomesanunobtainabledream.HenryMetcalf,a54-year-oldjournalist,knowsittakesmoneytoraisekids.Buthe’salsoworriedthathisenergywillgiveoutfirst.Sure,hecanstillridebikeswithhisathleticfifthgrader,buthe’slearnedthatyoungatheartdoesn’tmeanyoung.Latelyhe’sbeentakingafternoonnaps(午睡)tokeepuphisenergy.“Mybodyisaging,”saysMetcalf,“Youcan’tgetawayfromthat.”Often,olderparentshearthetickingofanotherkindofbiologicalclock.Therapistswhoworkwithmiddle-agedandolderparentssayfearsaboutagingarenothingtolaughat.“Theyworrythey’llbemistakenforgrandparents,orthatthey’llneedhelpgettingupoutofthoselittlechairsinnurseryschool,”saysJoannGalst,aNewYorkpsychologist.Butatthecoreofthoselittlefearsthereisoftenamuchbiggerone:“thattheywon’tbealivelongenoughtosupportandprotecttheirchild,”shesays.Manylate-lifeparents,though,saytheirchildrencameatjusttherighttime.Aftermarryinglateandundergoingyearsoffertility(受孕)treatment,MarilynNolenandherhusband,Randy,hadtwins.“Webothwantedchildren,”saysMarilyn,whowas55whenshegavebirth.Thetwinshavegiventhecouplewhattheydesiredforyears,“asenseoffamily.”Kidsofolderdadsareoftensmarter,happierandmoresociablebecausetheirfathersaremoreinvolvedintheirlives.“Thedadsareolder,moremature,”saysDr.Silber,“andmorereadytofocusonparenting.”26.Whydopsychiatristsregardmaturityasanassetinchildrearing?A)Olderparentscanbetterbalancetheirresourcesagainstchildren’sdemands.B)Olderparentsareusuallymoreexperiencedinbringinguptheirchildren.C)Olderparentsareoftenbetterpreparedfinancially.D)Olderparentscantakebettercareoftheirchildren.27.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“Formany,retirementbecomesanunobtainabledream”(Lines7-8,Para.1)?A)Theyhavetogoonworkingbeyondtheirretirementage.B)Theycan’tgetfullpensionunlesstheyworksomeextrayears.C)Theycan’tobtaintheretirementbenefitstheyhavedreamedof.D)Theyarereluctanttoretirewhentheyreachtheirretirementage.28.TheauthorgivestheexampleofHenryMetcalftoshowthat_________.A)manypeopleareyounginspiritdespitetheiradvancedageB)takingafternoonnapsisagoodwaytomaintainenergyC)olderparentstendtobeconcernedabouttheiragingbodiesD)olderparentsshouldexercisemoretokeepupwiththeirathleticchildren.29.What’sthebiggestfearofolderparentsaccordingtoNewYorkpsychologistJoannGalst?A)Beinglaughedatbyotherpeople.B)Slowingdownoftheirpaceoflife.C)Beingmistakenforgrandparents.D)Approachingofdeath.30.WhatdowelearnaboutMarilynandRandyNolen?A)Theythoughttheywereanexampleofsuccessfulfertilitytreatment.B)Notuntiltheyhadthetwinsdidtheyfeeltheyhadformedafamily.C)Theybelievedthatchildrenbornofolderparentswouldbesmarter.D)Notuntiltheyreachedmiddleagedidtheythinkofhavingchildren.PassageThree107Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Interestinpursuinginternationalcareershassoaredinrecentyears,enhancedbychronic(长久的)personnelshortagesthatarecausingcompaniestosearchbeyondtheirhomebordersfortalent.Professionalsseekcareerexperienceoutsideoftheirhomecountriesforavarietyofreasons.Theymayfeeltheneedtorechargetheirbatterieswithanewchallenge.Theymaywantapositionwithmoreresponsibilitythatencouragescreativityandinitiative.Ortheymaywishtoexposetheirchildrentoanotherculture,andtheopportunitytolearnasecondlanguage.Whenapplyingforajob,oneusuallyhastosubmitaresumeorcurriculumvitae(CV).Thetwotermsgenerallymeanthesamething:aone-ortwo-pagedocumentdescribingone’seducationalqualificationsandprofessionalexperience.However,guidelinesforpreparingaresumeareconstantlychanging.Thebestadviceistofindoutwhatisappropriateregardingthecorporate(公司的)culture,thecountryculture,andthecultureofthepersonmakingthehiringdecision.Thechallengewillbetoembracetwoormoreculturesinonedocument.Thefollowinglistisagoodplacetostart.\uf06cEducationalrequirementsdifferfromcountrytocountry.Inalmosteverycaseof“cross-border”jobhunting,juststatingthetitleofyourdegreewillnotbeanadequatedescription.Providethereaderwithdetailsaboutyourstudiesandanyrelatedexperience.\uf06cPayattentiontotheresumeformatyouuse---chronologicalorreverse-chronologicalorder.Chronologicalordermeanslistingyour“oldest”workexperiencefirst.Reverse-chronologicalordermeanslistingyourcurrentormostrecentexperiencefirst.Mostcountrieshavepreferencesaboutwhichformatismostacceptable.Ifyoufindnospecificguidelines,thegeneralpreferenceisforthereverse-chronologicalformat.\uf06cIfyouaresubmittingyourresumeinEnglish,findoutiftherecipient(收件人)usesBritishEnglishorAmericanEnglishbecausetherearevariationsbetweenthetwoversions.Forexample,universityeducationisoftenreferredtoas“tertiaryeducation”intheUnitedKingdom,butthistermisalmostneverusedintheUnitedStates.Areaderwhoisunfamiliarwiththesevariationsmayassumethatyourresumecontainserrors.31.Companiesarehiringmoreforeignemployeesbecause___________.A)theyhavedifficultyfindingqualifiedpersonnelathome.B)theyfindforeignemployeesareusuallymoretalentedC)theneedoriginalideasfromemployeeshiredoverseasD)theywanttoexpandtheirbusinessbeyondhomeborders32.Theauthorbelievesthatanindividualwhoappliestoworkoverseas___________.A)isusuallycreativeandfullofinitiativeB)aimstoimprovehisforeignlanguageskillsC)seekseitherhisownorhischildren’sdevelopmentD)isdissatisfiedwithhisownlifeathome33.Whenitcomestoresumewriting,itisbestto__________A)knowtheemployer’spersonallikesanddislikesB)followappropriateguidelinesforjobhuntingC)learnaboutthecompany’shiringprocessD)takeculturalfactorsintoconsideration34.Whenwritingaboutqualifications,applicantsareadvisedto________.A)provideadetaileddescriptionoftheirstudyandworkexperiencesB)givethetitleoftheuniversitydegreetheyhaveearnedathomeC)highlighttheirkeeninterestinpursuinga“cross-border”careerD)stresstheiracademicpotentialtoimpressthedecisionmaker35.Accordingtotheauthor’slastpieceofadvice,theapplicantsshouldbeawareof________A)therecipient’spreferencewithregardtotheformatB)thedifferenteducationalsystemsintheUSandtheUKC)thedifferencesbetweenthevarietiesofEnglishD)thedistinctivefeaturesofAmericanandBritishculturesPassageFourQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Speedingoffinastolencar,thethiefthinkshehasgotagreatcatch.Butheisinforanunwelcomesurprise.Thecarisfittedwitharemoteimmobiliser(锁止器),andaradiosignalfromacontrolcentremilesawaywillensurethatoncethethiefswitchestheengineoff,hewillnotbeabletostartitagain.Theideagoeslikethis.Acontrolboxfittedtothecarcontainsamini-cellphone,amicroprocessorandmemory,andaGPS(全球定位系统)satellitepositioningreceiver.Ifthecarisstolen,acodedcellphonesignalwilltellthecontrolcentretoblockthevehicle’senginemanagementsystemandpreventtheenginebeingrestarted.IntheUKasetoftechnicalfixesisalreadymakinglifeharderforcarthieves.“Thepatternofvehiclecrimehaschanged,”saysMartynRandall,asecurityexpert.Hesaysitwouldonlytakehimafewminutestoteachapersonhowtostealacar,usingabareminimumoftools.Butonlyifthecarismorethan10yearsold.Moderncarsarefartoughertosteal,astheirenginemanagementcomputerwon’t108allowthemtostartunlesstheyreceiveauniqueIDcodebeamedoutbytheignition(点火)key.IntheUK,technologieslikethishavehelpedachievea31%dropinvehicle-relatedcrimesince1997.Butdeterminedcriminalsarestillmanagingtofindotherwaystostealcars,oftenbygettingholdoftheowner’skeys.Andkeytheftisresponsiblefor40%ofthetheftsofvehiclesfittedwithatrackingsystem.Ifthecartravels100metreswithoutthedriverconfirmingtheirID,thesystemwillsendasignaltoanoperationscentrethatithasbeenstolen.ThehundredmetresminimumavoidsfalsealarmsduetoinaccuraciesintheGPSsignal.Staffatthecentrewillthencontacttheownertoconfirmthatthecarreallyismissing,andkeeppoliceinformedofthevehicle’smovementsviathecar’sGPSunit.36.What’sthefunctionoftheremoteimmobiliserfittedtoacar?A)Toallowthecartolockautomaticallywhenstolen.B)Topreventthecarthieffromrestartingitonceitstops.C)Tohelpthepolicemakeasurpriseattackonthecarthief.D)Topreventcartheftbysendingaradiosignaltothecarowner.37.Bysaying“Thepatternofvehiclecrimehaschanged”(Lines1-2,Para.3),MartynRandallsuggeststhat_________.A)self-preparedtoolsarenolongerenoughforcartheftB)thethiefhastomakeuseofcomputertechnologyC)ittakesalongertimeforthecarthieftodothestealingD)thethiefhaslostinterestinstealingcarsover10yearsold38.Whatisessentialinmakingamoderncartoughertosteal?A)AGPSsatellitepositioningreceiverB)AuniqueIDcardC)AspecialcellphonesignalD)Acodedignitionkey39.Whydoesthetrackingsystemseta100-metreminimumbeforesendinganalarmtotheoperationscentre?A)TogivethedrivertimetocontacttheoperationscentreB)ToallowforpossibleerrorsintheGPSsystemC)Tokeeppoliceinformedofthecar’smovementsD)Toleavetimefortheoperationscentretogiveanalarm40.Whatwilltheoperationscentredofirstafterreceivinganalarm?A)Startthetrackingsystem.B)Locatethemissingcar.C)Contactthecarowner.D)Blockthecarengine.PartIIIVocabulary(20minutes)Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.41.AspecialfeatureofeducationatMITistheopportunityforstudentsandfacultyto_________togetherinresearchactivities.A)involveB)participateC)specializeD)consist42.Americancollegestudentsareincreasingly__________withcreditcarddebtandtheconsequencescanberatherserious.A)dischargedB)dominatedC)boostedD)burdened43.Somepeoplearguethatthedeath___________doesnotnecessarilyreducethenumberofmurders.A)penaltyB)plotC)patternD)practice44.Astudyshowsthatstudentslivinginnon-smokingdormsarelesslikelyto__________thehabitofsmoking.A)turnupB)pickupC)makeupD)drawup45.Themostsuccessfulpost-careerathletesarethosewhocantaketheidentityandlifeskillstheylearnedinsportsand___________themtoanotherareaoflife.A)applyB)utilizeC)employD)exert46.Manypersonnelmanagerssayitisgettingharderandharderto________honestapplicantsfromthegrowingnumberofdishonestones.A)dissolveB)disguiseC)discountD)distinguish47.Almostalljobapplicantsaredeterminedtoleaveagood_______onapotentialemployer.A)illusionB)impressionC)reflectionD)reputation48.Beingoutofwork,Janecannolonger______friendstodinnersandmoviesassheusedto.A)treatB)appealC)urgeD)compel49.Althoughtheylosttheirjobs,savingsandunemploymentbenefitsallowthecoupleto_______theircomfortablehome.A)lookforwardtoB)catchupwithC)holdontoD)comeinfor50.Thefindingspaintauniquepictureoftheshoppinghabitsofcustomers,plustheirmotivationand__________.109A)possessionsB)possibilitiesC)privilegesD)preferences51.Withtheincreasingunemploymentrate,workerswhoare50to60yearsoldareusuallythefirsttobe__________.A)laidasideB)laidupC)laidoutD)laidoff52.People’sexpectationsaboutthefuturemayhavemoreinfluenceontheirsenseofwell-beingthantheir__________statedoes.A)primitiveB)modernC)currentD)initial53.__________bythesuperstarsontelevision,theyoungathletestrainedhardandplayedintensely.A)ImitatedB)InsuredC)ImposedD)Inspired54.Thephysicaldifferencesbetweenmenandwomencanbe________directlytoourbasicrolesashuntersandchild-bearers.A)switchedB)tracedC)pursuedD)followed55.Manywomenstillfeelthattheyarebeing________byamaleculture,particularlyintheprofessionalservicessector.A)heldoutB)heldonC)heldforthD)heldback56.Thetechnologicaladvancesmadeitpossibleforthemiddleclassestoenjoywhathadoncebeen_________onlytotheveryrich.A)manageableB)acceptableC)affordableD)measurable57.Afterworkingallday,hewassotiredthathewasinno________togotothepartywithus.A)moodB)emotionC)senseD)taste58.Itisclearthatthedoghasamuchgreater_________ofitsbraindevotedtosmellthanisthecasewithhumans.A)compositionB)proportionC)compoundD)percent59.Thereisalreadyclear_________toshowthatplantsandanimalsarebeingaffectedbyclimatechange.A)witnessB)evidenceC)identityD)certification60.Numerousstudiesalreadylinkthefirstmealofthedaytobetterclassroom_________.A)functionB)behaviorC)performanceD)display61.IntheUS.88percentofsmokershadstartedbeforetheywere18,despitethefactthatitis__________tosellcigarettestoanyoneunderthatage.A)illegalB)irrationalC)liberalD)liable62.Althoughmanyexpertsagreethatmorechildrenareoverweight,thereisdebateoverthebestwaysto__________theproblem.A)relateB)fileC)attachD)tackle63.Sadly,asspendingonprivategardenshas_________,spendingonpublicparkshasgenerallydeclined.A)liftedB)flownC)heightenedD)soared64.It’sgoodtoknowthatquiteafewpopularEnglishexpressionsactually_________fromtheBible.A)acquireB)deriveC)resultD)obtain65.Accordingtothekeywitnesses,apeculiarlybignoseisthecriminal’smostmemorablefacial__________.A)featureB)signatureC)hintD)spot66.Animportantfactorindetermininghowwellyouperforminanexaminationisthe_______ofyourmind.A)caseB)circumstanceC)stateD)situation67.Brazil’sconstitution________themilitaryuseofnuclearenergy.A)withdrawsB)interruptsC)objectsD)forbids68.Tom,diditever________toyouthatyouwouldbepunishedforcheatingonexam?.A)strikeB)happenC)occurD)reflect69.Lungcancer,likesomeothercancers,oftendoesn’tproduce_________untilitistoolateandhasspreadbeyondthechesttothebrain,liverorbones.A)symbolsB)symptomsC)trailsD)therapies70.Researchshowsthatthereisno__________relationshipbetweenhowmuchapersonearnsandwhetherhefeelsgoodaboutlife.A)successiveB)sincereC)significantD)subsequentPartIVCloze(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Thepartoftheenvironmentalmovementthatdrawsmyfirm’sattentionisthedesignofcities,buildingsandproducts.WhenwedesignedAmerica’sfirstso-called“green”officebuildinginNewYorktwodecades71,wefeltveryalone.Buttoday,thousandsofpeoplecometogreenbuildingconferences,andthe72thatbuildingscanbegoodforpeopleandtheenvironmentwillbeincreasinglyinfluentialinyearsto73.Backin1984wediscoveredthatmostmanufacturedproductsfordecorationweren’tdesignedfor74use.The“energy-efficient”sealedcommercialbuildings110constructedafterthe1970senergycrisis75indoorairqualityproblemscausedbymaterialssuchaspaint,wallcoveringandcarpet.Sofor20years,we’vebeenfocusingonthesematerials76tothemolecules,lookingforwaystomakethem77forpeopleandtheplanet.Homebuilderscannowusematerials----suchaspaintsthatreleasesignificantly78amountsoforganiccompounds----thatdon’t79thequalityoftheair,water,orsoil.Ultimately,80,ourbasicdesignstrategyisfocusednotsimplyonbeing“lessbad”butoncreating81healthfulmaterialsthatcanbeeithersafelyreturnedtothesoil82reusedbyindustryagainandagain.Asamatterof83,theworld’slargestcarpetmanufacturerhasalready84acarpetthatisfullyandsafelyrecyclable(可循环利用的).Lookatitthisway:Noone85outtocreateabuildingthatdestroystheplanet.Butourcurrentindustrialsystemsare86causingtheseconditions,whetherwelikeitornot.So87ofsimplytryingtoreducethedamage,weare88apositiveapproach.We’regivingpeoplehigh-quality,healthfulproductsandanopportunitytomakechoicesthathavea89effectontheworld.It’snotjustthebuildingindustry,either,90citiesaretakingtheseenvironmentallypositiveapproachestodesign,planningandbuilding.Portland,SeattleandBostonhavesaidtheywanttobegreencities.Chicagowantstobethegreenestcityintheworld.71.A)offB)awayC)beforeD)ago72.A)practiceB)ideaC)outlookD)scheme73.A)goB)continueC)comeD)arrive74.A)relevantB)indoorC)flexibleD)inward75.A)revealedB)displayedC)exhibitedD)discovered76.A)backB)nearC)downD)next77.A)cautiousB)comfortableC)stableD)safe78.A)reducedB)revisedC)delayedD)descended79.A)destroyB)denyC)dissolveD)depress80.A)anywayB)besidesC)anyhowD)however81.A)exactlyB)completelyC)partiallyD)superficially82.A)andB)norC)orD)but83.A)principleB)courseC)interestD)fact84.A)developedB)sketchedC)researchedD)constructed85.A)looksB)pullsC)startsD)makes86.A)originallyB)traditionallyC)basicallyD)inevitably87.A)insteadB)becauseC)outD)regardless88.A)adjustingB)adoptingC)adaptingD)admitting89.A)functionalB)sensibleC)beneficialD)precious90.A)FullB)EntireC)TotalD)CompletePartVWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledAnannouncementforavoluntaryprogram.YoushouldwriteatLeast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1.校学生会组织依次暑假志愿活动现招聘志愿者2.本次志愿都活动的目的内容及安排3.报名条件和联系方式Anannouncementforavoluntaryprogram2006年6月四级试题详解21.A22.A23.C24.B25.C26.D27.A28.C29.D30.B31.A32.C33.D34.A35.C36.B37.A38.B39.B40.C41.A42.D43.A44.B45.A46.D47.B48.A49.C50.D51.D52.C53.D54.B55.D56.C57.A58.B59.B60.C61.A62.D63.D64.B65.A66.C67.D68.C69.B70.C71.D72.B73.C74.B75.A76.C77.D78.A79.A80.D81.B82.C83.D84.A85.C86.D87.A88.B89.C90.B【听力原文】SectionA1.M:Ithinkthehostessreallywentoutofherwaytomakethepartyasuccess.111W:Yes,thefoodanddrinksweregreat,butifonlywehadknownafewoftheotherguests.Q:Whatdidthetwospeakerssayabouttheparty?2.M:Canyoustopbythepostofficeandgetmesomeenvelopesand39cents’stamps?W:Well,Iamnotgoingtostopbythepostoffice,butIcanbuyyousomeatthebookstoreafterIseethedentistonMarketstreet.Q:Wherewillthewomangofirst?3.M:HowdoyoulikethenewphysicianwhoreplacedDr.Andrews?W:HemaynotseemasagreeableorasthoroughasDr.Andrews,butatleasthedoesn’tkeeppatientswaitingforhours.Q:Whatcanweinferfromthewoman’sanswer?4.W:Tommustbeinabadmoodtoday.Hehasn’tsaidhalfadozenwordsallafternoon.M:Oh,really?That’snotliketheTomweknow.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?5.W:Doyouhavetheseminarschedulewithyou?I’dliketofindoutthetopicforFriday.M:Igaveittomyfriend,butthereshouldbecopiesavailableinthelibrary.Icanpickoneupforyou.Q:Whatdoesthemanpromisetodo?6W:IwonderifyoucouldsellmethePsychologytextbooks.Youtookthecourselastsemester,didn’tyou?M:Asamatteroffact,Ialreadysoldthembacktotheschoolbookstore.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?7.W:Hereisthisweek’sschedule,Tony.OnMonday,thereistheboardmeeting.Yourspeechtothelion’sclubisonTuesdayafternoon.ThenonWednesdayyouhaveanappointmentwithyourlawyerand…M:Wait,youmeanthebusinessconferenceonTuesdayiscancelled?Q:WhatwillthemandothisTuesday?8.M:Canyoubelieveit?JessietoldherbosshewaswrongtohavefiredhismarketingdirectorW:Yeah,butyouknowJessie.Ifshehassomethinginmind,everyonewillknowaboutit.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?9.M:We’vegotthreewomenresearchersinourgroup:Mary,BettyandHelen.Doyouknowthem?W:Sure.Maryisactiveandsociable.BettyisthemosttalkativewomanI’veevermet.Butguesswhat?Helen’sjusttheopposite.Q:Whatdowelearnfromthewoman’sremarkaboutHelen?10.W:JimmysaidthathewasgoingtomarryarichFrenchbusinesswoman.M:Don’tbesosure.Heoncetoldmethathehadboughtabighouse.Yethe’sstillsharinganapartmentwithMark.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?SectionBPassage1UnlessyouhavevisitedthesouthernUnitedStates,youprobablyhaveneverheardofKudzu.Kudzu,asanyfarmerinthesouthwillsadlytellyou,isasuper-poweredweed.Itisastrongclimbingplant.Onceitgetsstarted,Kudzuisalmostimpossibletostop.Itclimbstothetopsofthetallesttrees.Itcancoverlargebuildings.Wholebarnsandfarmhouseshavebeenknowntodisappearfromview.Whereveritgrows,itsthicktwistingstemsareextremelyhardtoremove.Kudzuwasoncethoughttobeahelpfulplant.OriginallyfoundinAsia,itwasbroughttoAmericatohelpprotectthelandfrombeingswallowedbythesea.Itwasplantedwhereitstoughrootswhichgrowuptofivefeetlongcouldhelpholdbackthesoil.Buttheplantsoonspreadtoplaceswhereitwasn\'twanted.Farmersnowhavetofighttokeepitfromkillingotherplants.Inaway,Kudzuisasignoflaborshortageinthesouth.Wherethereisnoonetoworkthefields,Kudzusoontakesover.ThenorthernUnitedStatesfacesnothreatfromKudzu.Harshwinterskillitoff.Theplantlovesthewarmthofthesouth,butthesouthsurelydoesn\'tloveit.IfsomeonecouldinventsomeuseforKudzuandremoveitfromsouthernfarmland,hisorherfortunewouldbeassured.11.Whatdowelearnabout“Kudzu”fromthepassage?12.WhatwillhappenifthefieldsareneglectedinthesouthernUnitedStates?13.Whyisn\'tKudzuathreattothenorthernUnitedStates?Passage2Theword“university”comesfromtheLatinword“universities”,meaning“thewhole”.Later,inLatinlegallanguage,“universities”meantasocietyorcorporation.IntheMiddleAges,thewordmeant“anassociationofteachersandscholars”.Theoriginsofuniversitiescanbetracedbacktothe12thto14thcenturies.Intheearly12thcentury,longbeforeuniversitieswereorganizedinthemodernsense,studentsgatheredtogetherforhigherstudiesatcertaincentersoflearning.TheearliestcentersintheEuropewereatBoloniainItaly,foundedin1088.OtherearlycentersweresetupinFrance,theCzechRepublic,AustriaandGermanyfrom1150to1121386.ThefirstuniversitiesinBritainwereOxfordandCambridge.Theywereestablishedin1185and1209respectively.ThefamousLondonUniversitywasfoundedin1836.ThiswasfollowedbythefoundationofseveraluniversitiessuchasManchesterandBirmingham,whichdevelopedfromprovincialcolleges.Itwasinthe1960\'sthatthelargestexpansionofhighereducationtookplaceinBritain.Thisexpansiontook3basicforms:existinguniversitieswereenlarged,newuniversitiesweredevelopedfromexistingcollegesandcompletelynewuniversitiesweresetup.InBritain,financeforuniversitiescomesfromthreesource:thefirst,andthelargestsource,isgrantsfromthegovernment,thesecondsourceisfeespaidbystudentsandthethirdoneisprivatedonations.AlltheBritishuniversitiesexceptonereceivesomegovernmentfunding.TheexceptionisBuckingham,whichisBritain\'sonlyindependentuniversity.14.Whatdidtheword"Universities"meanintheMiddleAges?15.Whywasthe1960ssosignificantforBritishHigherEducation?16.WhatisthemainfinancialsourceforBritishuniversities?Passage3Oneofthebiggestproblemsindevelopingcountriesishunger.AnorganizationcalledHeiferInternationalisworkingtoimprovethesituation.Theorganizationsendsfarmanimalstofamiliesandcommunitiesaroundtheworld.AnAmericanfarmerDanWestdevelopedtheideaforHeiferInternationalinthe1930s.Mr.WestwasworkinginSpainwherehediscoveredaneedforcows.ManyfamilieswerestarvingbecauseoftheCivilWarinthatcountry.SoMr.WestaskedhisfriendsintheUnitesStatestosendsomecows.ThefirstHeiferanimalsweresentin1944.Sincethattimemorethan4millionpeoplein115countrieshavehadbetterlivesbecauseofheiferanimals.ToreceiveaHeiferanimal,familiesmustfirstexplaintheirneedsandgoals.Theymustalsomakeaplanwhichwillallowthemtobecomeself-supporting.Localexpertsusuallyprovidetraining.Theorganizationsaysthatanimalsmusthavefood,water,shelter,healthcareandtheabilitytoreproduce.Withoutthem,theanimalswillnotremainhealthyandproductive.HeiferInternationalalsobelievesthatfamiliesmustpassonsomeoftheirsuccesstoothersinneed.Thisbeliefguaranteesthateachpersonwhotakespartintheprogramalsobecomesagiver.EveryfamilythatreceivesaHeiferanimalmustagreetogivethatanimal\'sfirstfemalebabytootherpeopleinneed.FamiliesmustalsoagreetopassontheskillsandtrainingtheyreceivefromHeiferInternational.Thisconcepthelpscommunitiesbecomeself-supporting.17:WhatdoesthespeakertellusaboutMr.West?18:WhatistheultimategoalofHeiferInternational?19:WhatarefamiliesrequiredtodoaftertheyreceivesupportfromHeiferInternational?20:WhatisthemajorachievementofHeiferInternational?1.C)Theyknewnoneoftheotherguestsattheparty.2.B)Tothedentist\'s.3.C)Dr.Andrewsusedtokeephispatientswaiting.4.A)Tomisusuallytalkative.5.D)Togettheseminarscheduleforthewoman.6.A)Thewomanhastogetthetextbooksinotherways.7.B)Giveaspeech.8A)Jessiealwayssayswhatshethinks.9.D)Helenisquiet.10.D)Jimmy\'swordsareoftennotreliable.11.C)IthasdonemoreharmthangoodinthesouthernUSA.12.B)Theywillsoonbeovergrownwithkudzu.13.C)Theclimatethereisunfavorabletoitsgrowth.14.D)Anassociationofteachersandscholars.15.A)Itslargestexpansiontookplaceduringthatperiod.16.B)Governmentfunding.17.C)HestartedtheorganizationHeiferInternational.18.A)Tohelpstarvingfamiliestobecomeself-supporting.19.A)Theyshouldhelpotherfamiliesthewaytheyhavebeenhelped.20.B)Ithashelpedrelievehungerinsomedevelopingcountries.PartⅡReadingComprehension21.C)theywanttoexpandtheirbusinessbeyondhomeborders22.D)seekseitherhisownorhischildren\'sdevelopment23A)takeculturalfactorsintoconsideration24.C)provideadetaileddescriptionoftheirstudyandworkexperiences25.B)thedifferencesbetweenthevarietiesofEnglish26.C)rewarding27.A)girlswillturnouttobelessvaluablethanboys28.B)girlscangainequalaccesstoeducation29.C)Itwillyieldgreaterreturnsthanotherknowninvestments.30.D)theeconomicandsocialbenefitsofeducatingwom31.C)Topreventthecarthieffromrestartingitonceitstops.32.B)self-preparedtoolsarenolongerenoughforcartheft33.B)AuniqueIDcord.34.D)ToallowforpossibleerrorsintheGPSsystem.35.B)Contactthecarowner.11336B)Olderparentscantakebettercareoftheirchildren.37.C)Theycan\'tgetfullpensionunlesstheyworksomeextrayears.38.C)olderparentstendtobeconcernedabouttheiragingbodies39.A)Approachingofdeath.40.D)Theybelievedthatchildrenbornofolderparentswouldbesmarter.PartIII??Vocabulary?????(20minutes)4l.B)initial42.B)mood43.D)evidence44..A)heldback45.D)preferences46.C)derive47B)occur48.D)illegal49.A)feature50B)forbids51.C)penalty52.A)distinguish53.D)pickup54.C)impression55.B)participate56.D)holdonto57..B)tackle58.A)state59.C)significant60.D)soared61.C)symptoms62.A)laidoff63.B)traced64.D)proportion65.B)burdened66.A)performance67.C)apply68.D)affordable69.B)treat70.D)Inspired完型71.A)ago72.C)idea73.B)come74.A)indoor75.D)revealed76.B)down77.C)safe78.A)reduced79.D)destroy80.B)however81.C)completely82.A)or83.B)fact84.D)developed85.A)starts86.D)inevitably87.C)instead88.D)adapting89.B)beneficial90.B)Total2006年1月四级试题Part1ListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.1.A)SeeadoctorB)Stayinbedforafewdays.C)Gettreatmentinabetterhospital.D)Makeaphonecalltothedoctor.2.A)The2:00trainwillarriveearlier.B)The2:30trainhasadiningcar.114C)Thewomanpreferstotakethe2:30train.D)theyaregongtohavesomefastfoodonthetrain.3.A)ShehasbeenlongingtoattendHarvardUniversity.B)She’llconsidertheman’ssuggestioncarefully.C)ShehasfinishedherprojectwithDr.Garcia’shelp.D)She’llconsultDr.Garciaaboutenteringgraduateschool.4.A)Alicedidn’tseemtobenervousduringherspeech.B)Aliceneedsmoretraininginmakingpublicspeeches.C)ThemancanhardlyunderstandAlice’spresentation.D)Themandidn’tthinkhighlyofAlice’spresentation.5.A)It’sworsethan30yearsago.B)Itremainsalmostthesameasbefore.C)Therearemoreextremesintheweather.D)Therehasbeenasignificantriseintemperature.6.A)Atapublishinghouse.B)Atabookstore.C)InareadingroomD)InProf.Jordan’soffice7.A)Themancanstayinherbrother’sapartment.B)Herbrothercanhelpthemanfindacheaperhotel.C)Herbrothercanfindanapartmentfortheman.D)Themanshouldhavebookedalessexpensivehotel.8.A)Priorityshouldbegiventolistening.B)It’smosthelpfultoreadEnglishnewspaperseveryday.C)It’smoreeffectivetocombinelisteningwithreading.D)Readingshouldcomebeforelistening.9.A)Itcanhelpsolvecomplexproblems.B)ItwillmostlikelyproveineffectiveC)Itisanewweaponagainstterrorists.D)Itwillhelpdetectallkindsofliars.10.A)Helpthecompanyrecruitgraduatestudents.B)Visittheelectronicscompanynextweek.C)Getapart-timejoboncampusbeforegraduation.D)ApplyforajobintheelectronicscompanySectionBDirections:inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B)C),andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.PassageOneQuestions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.A)Ithabeenproventobethebestpainkiller.B)Itisapossiblecureforheartdisease.C)Itcanhelplowerhighbodytemperatureeffectively.D)Itreducesthechanceofdeathforheartsurgerypatients.12.A)Itkeepsbloodvesselsfrombeingblocked.B)Itspeedsuptheirrecoveryaftersurgery.C)Itincreasesthebloodflowtotheheart.D)Itadjuststheirbloodpressure.13.A)Itisharmfultoheartsurgerypatientswithstomachbleeding.B)Itshouldnotbetakenbyheartsurgerypatientsbeforetheoperation.C)Itwillhaveconsiderablesideeffectsiftakeninlargedoses.D)Itshouldnotbegiventopatientsimmediatelyaftertheoperation.PassageTwoQuestions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14.A)Theystronglybelieveinfamilyrules.B)Theyareverylikelytosucceedinlife.C)TheytendtotakeresponsibilityforthemselvesD)Theyareinthehabitofobeyingtheirparents.15.A)Theygrowuptobefunnyandcharming.B)Theyoftenhaveapoorsenseofdirection.C)Theygetlessattentionfromtheirparents.D)Theytendtobesmartandstrong-willed.16.A)Theyusuallydon’tfollowfamilyrules.B)Theydon’tliketotakechancesintheirlives.C)Theyarelesslikelytobesuccessfulinlife.D)Theytendtobelieveintheirparent’sideas.PassageThreeQuestions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.17.A)Theywantedtofollowhisexample.B)Theyfullysupportedhisundertaking.115C)Theywerepuzzledbyhisdecision.D)Theywereafraidhewasn’tfullyprepared.18.A)Itismoreexcitingthanspacetravel.B)Itismuchcheaperthanspacetravel.C)Itismuchsaferthanspacetravel.D)Itislesstime-consumingthanspacetravel.19.A)Theybothattractscientists’attentionB)TheycanbothbequitechallengingC)Theyareboththought-provoking.D)Theymaybothleadtosurprisingfindings.20.A)Toshowhowsimplethemechanicalaidsfordivingcanbe.B)Toprovideanexcuseforhischangeablecharacter.C)Toexplorethephilosophicalissuesofspacetravel.D)Toexplainwhyhetookupunderwaterexploration.PartIIReadingcomprehension(35minutes)Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B,C),andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Justfiveone-hundredthsofaninchthick,lightgoldenincolorandwithaperfect“saddlecurl,”theLay’spotatochipseemsanunlikelyweaponforglobaldomination.Butitsmaker,Frito-Lay,thinksotherwise.”Potatochipsareasnackfoodfortheworld,”saidSalmanAmin,thecompany’sheadofglobalmarketing.AminbelievesthereisnocorneroftheworldthatcanresistthecharmsofaFrito-Laypotatochip.Frito-LayisthebiggestsnackmakerinAmerica.ownedbyPepsiCo.Andaccountsforoverhalfoftheparentcompany’s$3billionannualprofits.ButtheU.S.snackfoodmarketislargelysaturated,andtogrow,thecompanyhastolookoverseas.Itsstrategyrestsontwobeliefs:first,aglobalproductofferseconomiesofscalewithwhichlocalbrandscannotcompete,andsecond,consumersinthe21stcenturyaredrawnto“global”asaconcept.“Global”doesnotmeanproductsthatareconsciouslyidentifiedasAmerican,butonesthanconsumers-especiallyyoungpeople-seeaspartofamodern,innovative(创新的)worldinwhichpeoplearelinkedacrossculturesbysharedbeliefsandtastes.PotatochipsareanAmericaninvention,butmostChinese,forinstance,donotknowthanFrito-LayisanAmericancompany.Instead,Riskey,thecompany’sresearchanddevelopmenthead,wouldhopetheyassociatethebrandwiththenewworldofglobalcommunicationsandbusiness.Withbrandperceptionacrucialfactor,RiskeyorderedaredesignoftheFrito-Laylogo(标识).Thelogo,alongwiththecompany’slong-heldmarketingimageofthe“irresistibility”ofitschips.wouldhelpfacilitatethecompany’sglobalexpansion.TheexecutivesacknowledgethattheytrytoswingnationaleatinghabitstoafoodcreatedinAmerica,buttheydenythatamountstoeconomicimperialism.Rater,theyseeFrito-Layasspreadingthebenefitsoffreeenterpriseacrosstheworld.“We’remakingproductsinthosecountries,we’readaptingthemtothetastesofthosecountries,buildingbusinessesandemployingpeopleandchanginglives,”saidSteveReinemund,PepsiCo’schiefexecutive.21.ItisthebeliefofFrito-Lay’sheadofglobalmarketingthat_____.A)PotatochipscanhardlybeusedasaweapontodominatetheworldmarketB)Theircompanymustfindnewwaystopromotedomesticsales.C)Thelightgoldencolorenhancesthecharmoftheircompany’spotatochipsD)Peopleallovertheworldenjoyeatingtheircompany’spotatochips22.WhatdowelearnaboutFrito-LayfromParagraph2?A)Itsproductsusedtobepopularamongoverseasconsumers.B)Itsexpansionhascausedfiercecompetitioninthesnackmarker.C)Itgiveshalfofitsannualprofitstoitsparentcompany.D)Itneedstoturntothewordmarketfordevelopment.23.OneoftheassumptionsonwhichFrito-Laybasesitsdevelopmentstrategyisthat_____.A)consumersworldwidetodayareattractedbyglobalbrandsB)localbrandscannotcompetesuccessfullywithAmericanbrandsC)productssuitingChineseconsumers’needsbringmoreprofitsD)productsidentifiedasAmericanwillhavepromisingmarketvalue24.WhydidRiskeyhavetheFrito-Laylogoredesigned?A)Tosuitchangingtastesofyoungconsumers.B)Topromotethecompany\'sstrategyofglobalization.C)Tochangethecompany’slong-heldmarketingimage.D)TocompetewithotherAmericanchipproducers.25.Frito-Lay\'sexecutivesclaimthatthepromotingofAmericanfoodintheinternationalmarket_____.A)won\'taffecttheeatinghabitsofthelocalpeopleB)willleadtoeconomicimperialism116C)willbeintheinterestofthelocalpeopleD)won’tspoilthetasteoftheirchipsPassageTwoQuestion26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.IncommunitiesnorthofDenver,residentsarepitchingintohelpteachersandadministratorsastheVrainSchoolDistricttriestosolvea$13.8millionbudgetshortageblamedonmismanagement.”We’reworriedaboutourteachersandprincipals,andwereallydon’twanttolosethembecauseofthis,”oneparentsail.“Ifwecanhelpeasetheirfinancialburden,wewill.”Teachersaregrateful,butknowitmaybeyearsbeforethedistrictissolvent(有偿付能力的).Theyfeelreallygoodabouttheparentsupport,buttheyrealizeit’simpossibleforthemtosolvethisproblem.The22,000-studentdistrictdiscoveredtheshortagelastmonth.“It’sextraordinary.Nobodywouldhaveimaginedsomethinghappeninglikethisatthislevel,”saidStateTreasurerMikeCoffman.Coffmananddistrictofficialslastweekagreedonastateemergencyplanfreeingupa$9.8millionloanthatenabledthepayroll(工资单)tobemetfor2,700teachersandstaffintimefortheholidays.Districtofficialsalsotook$1.7millionfromstudent-activityaccountsinits38schools.AtCoffman’srequest,theDistrictAttorneyhasbeguninvestigatingthedistrict’sfinances.CoffmansayshewantstoknowwhetherdistrictofficialshidthebudgetshortageuntilaftertheNovemberelection,whenvotersapproveda$212millionbondissueforschools.InFrederick,students’parentsarebuyingclassroomsuppliesandofferingtopayforgroceriesandutilitiestokeepfirst-yearteachersandprincipalsintheirjobs.Some$36,000hasbeenraisedindonationsfromSafeway.AChevroletdealershipdonated$10,000andforgavethedistrict’s$10,750billforrentingthedrivereducatingcars.IBMcontributed4,500packsofpaper.“Weemploythousandsofpeopleinthiscommunity,”saidMitchCarson,ahospitalchiefexecutive,whohelpedraisefunds.“Wehavechildrenintheschools,andweseehowtheycouldbeaffected.”AtCreekHighSchool,threestudentsstartedawebsitethatdisplaysnewspaperarticles,districtinformationandanemailforum(论坛).“Rumorsaboutwhat’shappeningtothedistrictaremovingatlightingspeed,”saidastudent.“Wewantedtoknowthetruth,andspreadthataroundinstead.”26.WhathashappenedtotheVrainSchoolDistrict?A)Ahugefinancialproblemhasarisen.B)Manyschoolstherearemismanaged.C)Lotsofteachersinthedistrictareplanningtoquit.D)Manyadministrativepersonnelhavebeenlaidoff.27.HowdidtheresidentsintheVrainSchoolDistrictrespondtothebudgetshortage?A)Theyfeltsomewhathelplessaboutit.B)Theyaccusedthoseresponsibleforit.C)Theypooledtheireffortstohelpsolveit.D)Theydemandedathroughinvestigation.28.IntheviewofStateTreasurerMikeCoffman,theeducationalbudgetshortageis_________.A)unavoidableB)unthinkableC)insolvableD)irreversible29.WhydidCoffmanrequestaninvestigation?A)Toseeiftherewasadeliberatecover-upoftheproblem.B)Tofindouttheextentoftheconsequencesofthecase.C)Tomakesurethattheschoolprincipalswereinnocent.D)Tostopthevotersapprovingthe$212millionbondissue.30.Threehighschoolstudentsstartedawebsiteinorderto__________.A)attractgreaterpublicattentiontotheirneedsB)appealtothepublicforcontributionsanddonationsC)exposeofficialswhoneglectedtheirdutiesD)keeppeopleproperlyinformedofthecrisisPassageThreeQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.“Humansshouldnottrytoavoidstressanymorethantheywouldshunfood,loveorexercise.”saidDr.HansSelye,thefirstphysiciantodocumenttheeffectsofstressonthebody.Whilehere’sonquestionthatcontinuousstressisharmful,severalstudiessuggestthatchallengingsituationsinwhichyou’reabletorisetotheoccasioncanbegoodforyou..Ina2001studyof158hospitalnurses,thosewhofacedconsiderableworkdemandsbutcopedwiththechallengeweremorelikelytosaytheywereingoodhealththanthosewhofelttheycouldn’tgetthejobdone.117Stressthatyoucanmanagemayalsoboostimmune(免疫的)function.InastudyattheAcademicCenterforDentistryinAmsterdam,researchersputvolunteersthroughtwostressfulexperiences.Inthefirst,atimedtaskthatrequiredmemorizingalistfollowedbyashorttest,subjectsbelievedtheyhadcontrolovertheoutcome.Inthesecond,theyweren’tincontrol:Theyhadtositthroughagory(血淋淋的)videoonsurgicalprocedures.ThosewhodidwellonthememorytesthadanincreaseinlevelsofimmunoglobulinA,anantibodythat’sthebody’sfirstlineofdefenseagainstgerms.Thevideo-watchersexperiencedadownturnintheantibody.Stresspromptsthebodytoproducecertainstresshormones.Inshortburststhesehormoneshaveapositiveeffect,includingimprovedmemoryfunction.“Theycanhelpnervecellshandleinformationandputitintostorage,”saysDr.BruceMcEwenofRockefellerUniversityinNewYork.Butinthelongrunthesehormonescanhaveaharmfuleffectonthebodyandbrain.“Sustainedstressisnotgoodforyou,”saysRichardMorimoto,aresearcheratNorthwesternUniversityinIllinoisstudyingtheeffectsofstressonlongevity(长寿),“It’stheoccasionalburstofstressorbriefexposuretostressthatcouldbeprotective.”31.Thepassageismainlyabout______A)thebenefitsofmanageablestressB)howtoavoidstressfulsituationsC)howtocopewithstresseffectivelyD)theeffectsofstresshormonesonmemory32.Theword“shun”(Line1,Para.1)mostprobablymeans________.A)cutdownonB)stayawayfromC)runoutofD)putupwith33.Wecanconcludefromthestudyofthe158nursesin2001that_______A)peopleunderstresstendtohaveapoormemoryB)peoplewhocan’tgettheirjobdoneexperiencemorestressC)doingchallengingworkmaybegoodforone’shealthD)stresswillweakenthebody’sdefenseagainstgerms34.IntheexperimentdescribedinParagraph3,thevideo-watchersexperiencedadownturnintheantibodybecause______.A)thevideowasnotenjoyableatallB)theoutcomewasbeyondtheircontrolC)theyknewlittleaboutsurgicalproceduresD)theyfeltnopressurewhilewatchingthevideo35.Dr.BruceMcEwenofRockefellerUniversitybelievesthat______.A)aperson’smemoryisdeterminedbythelevelofhormonesinhisbodyB)stresshormoneshavelastingpositiveeffectsonthebrainC)shortburstsofstresshormonesenhancememoryfunctionD)aperson’smemoryimproveswithcontinuedexperienceofstress.PassageFourQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Ifyouwanttoteachyourchildrenhowtosaysorry,youmustbegoodatsayingityourself,especiallytoyourownchildren.Buthowyousayitcanbequitetricky.Ifyousaytoyourchildren“I’msorryIgotangrywithyou,but…”whatfollowsthat“but”canrendertheapologyineffective:”Ihadabadday”or“yournoisewasgivingmeaheadache”leavesthepersonwhohasbeeninjuredfeelingthatheshouldbeapologizingforhisbadbehaviorinexpectinganapology.Anothermethodbywhichpeopleappeartoapologizewithoutactuallydoingsoistosay“I’msorryyou’reupset”;thissuggeststhatyouaresomehowatfaultforallowingyourselftogetupsetbywhattheotherpersonhasdone.Thenthereisthegeneral,allcoveringapology,whichavoidsthenecessityofidentifyingaspecificactthatwasparticularlyhurtfulorinsulting,andwhichthepersonwhoisapologizingshouldpromisenevertodoagain.Saying“I’muselessasaparent”doesnotcommitapersontoanyspecificimprovement.Thesepseudo-apologiesareusedbypeoplewhobelievesayingsorryshowsweakness.Parentswhowishtoteachtheirchildrentoapologizeshouldseeitasasignofstrength,andthereforenotresorttothesepseudo-apologies.Butevenwhenpresentedwithexamplesofgenuinecontrition(悔悟),childrenstillneedhelptobecomeawareofthecomplexitiesofsayingsorry.Athree-year-oldmightneedhelpinunderstandingthatotherchildrenfeelpainjustashedoes,andthathittingaplaymateovertheheadwithaheavytoyrequiresanapology.Asix-year-oldmightneedremindingthatspoilingotherchildren’sexpectationscanrequireanapology.A12-year-oldmightneedtobeshownthatraidingthebiscuittinwithoutaskingpermissionisacceptable,butthatborrowingaparent’sclotheswithoutpermissionisnot.36.Ifamotheradds”but”toanapology,________.A)shedoesn’tfeelthatsheshouldhaveapologized.B)shedoesnotrealizethatthechildhasbeenhurt118C)thechildmayfindtheapologyeasiertoacceptD)thechildmayfeelthatheowesheranapology37.Accordingtotheauthor,saying“I’msorryyou’reupset”mostprobablymeans”_______”A)YouhavegoodreasontogetupsetB)I’mawareyou’reupset,butI’mnottoblameC)IapologizeforhurtingyourfeelingsD)I’matfaultformakingyouupset38.Itisnotadvisabletousethegeneral,all-coveringapologybecause______.A)itgetsoneintothehabitofmakingemptypromisesB)itmaymaketheotherpersonfeelguiltyC)itisvagueandineffectiveD)itishurtfulandinsulting39.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthatinteachingchildrentosaysorry______.A)thecomplexitiesinvolvedshouldbeignoredB)theiragesshouldbetakenintoaccountC)parentsneedtosetthemagoodexampleD)parentsshouldbepatientandtolerant40.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatapologizingproperlyis_________.A)asocialissuecallingforimmediateattentionB)notnecessaryamongfamilymembersC)asignofsocialprogressD)notassimpleasitseemsPartIIIVocabulary(20minutes)Directions:thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD).ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.\\41.Somepeoplebelievethatsinceoilisscarce,the____ofthemotorindustryisuncertain.A)terminalB)benefitC)fateD)estimate42.Tospeedupthe______ofletters,thePostOfficeintroducedautomaticsorting.A)treatmentB)deliveryC)transmissionD)departure43.Theseoverseasstudentsshowgreat______forlearninganewlanguage.A)enthusiasmB)authorityC)conventionD)faith44.Thedefenselawyerwasquestioningtheoldmanwhowasoneofthe______ofthemurdercommittedlastmonth.A)observersB)witnessesC)audiencesD)viewers45.Politicallythesenationstendtobe______,withveryhighbirthratesbutpooreducationandverylowlevelsofliteracy.A)unstableB)reluctantC)rationalD)unsteady46.Thechairmanwasblamedforlettinghissecretary________toomuchworklastweek.A)taketoB)takeoutC)takeawayD)takeon47."Youtrytogetsomesleep.I\'ll_____thepatient\'sbreakfast,"saidthenurse.A)seetoB)sticktoC)gettoD)leadto48.TheLondonMarathonisadifficultrace.______,thousandsofrunnersparticipateeveryyear.A)ThereforeB)FurthermoreC)AccordinglyD)Nevertheless49.Thebankrefusedto______himanymoney,sohehadtopostponebuyingahouse.A)creditB)borrowC)loanD)lease50.Themoreanation\'scompanies_______factoriesabroad,thesmallerthatcountry\'srecordedexportswillbe.A)lieB)spotC)standD)locate51.Beingignorantofthelawisnotacceptedasa(n)______forbreakingthelaw.A)excuseB)intentionC)optionD)approval52.Withintwodays,thearmyfiredmorethantwohundredrocketsandmissilesatmilitary_____inthecoastalcity.A)goalsB)aimsC)targetsD)destinations53.Itissaidinsomepartsoftheworld,goats,ratherthancows,serveasavital_____ofmilk.A)storageB)reserveC)resourceD)source54."Thislightistoo______formetoreadby.Don’twehaveabrighterbulbsomewhere？"saidtheelderlyman.AmildB)dimC)minuteD)slight55.WehavearrangedtogotothecinemaonFriday,butwecanbe_____andgoanotherday.A)reliableB)probableC)feasibleD)flexible56.Wearequitesurethatwecan______ourpresentdifficultiesandfinishthetaskaccordingtoschedule.A)getacrossB)getoverC)getawayD)getoff57.______recentdevelopmentswedonotthinkyourschemeispractical.119A)InviewofB)IncaseofC)InmemoryofD)infavorof58.Jessicawas______fromthewarehousetotheaccountingoffice,whichwasconsideredapromotion.A)deliveredB)exchangedC)transferredD)transformed59.Mr.Smithaskedhissecretaryto____anewparagraphintheannualreportshewastyping.A)injectB)installC)invadeD)insert60.There\'sthelivingroomstilltobe_____,sothat\'smynextproject.A)abandonedB)decoratedC)dissolvedD)assessed61.Theoldpapermillhasbeen______tomakewayforanewshoppingcentre.A)cutdownB)keptdownC)torndownD)helddown62.Itmaybenecessarytostop______inthelearningprocessandgobacktothedifficultpointsinthelessons.A)atadistanceB)atintervalsC)atcaseD)atlength63.Youcanhireabicycleinmanyplaces.Usuallyyou\'llhavetopaya_________.A)fareB)fundC)depositD)deal64.Mygrandfatherhadalwaystakena_______interestinmywork,andIhadanequaladmirationforthestoriesofhistime.A)splendidB)weightyC)vagueD)keen65.________quantitiesofwaterarebeingusednowadayswiththerapiddevelopmentofindustryandagriculture.A)ExcessiveB)ExtensiveC)ExtremeD)exclusive66.Johncannotaffordtogotouniversity,_______goingabroad.A)nothingbutB)anythingbutC)nottospeakofD)nothingtospeakof67.Mostlaboratoryandfieldstudiesofhumanbehavior______takingasituationalphotographatagiventimeandinagivenplace.A)involveB)composeC)encloseD)attach68.Ifyoudon’tliketoswim,you_____aswellstayathome.A)shouldB)mayC)canD)would69.Dr.Smithwasalways__thepoorandthesick,oftenprovidingthemwithfreemedicalcare.A)remindedofB)absorbedinC)tendedbyD)concernedabout70.ThomasJeffersonandJohnAdamsdiedonJuly4,1826,thefiftieth______ofAmericanIndependence.A)ceremonyB)occasionC)occurrenceD)anniversaryPartⅣCloze(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Asaphysicianwhotravelsquitealot,Ispendalotoftimeonplaneslisteningforthatdreaded“Isthereadoctoronboard?”announcement.I’vebeen71onlyonce–forawomanwhohadmerelyfainted.Butthe72mademequitecuriousabouthow73thiskindofthinghappens.IwonderedwhatIwoulddoif74witharealmidairmedicalemergency-withoutaccess75ahospitalstaffandtheusualemergencyequipment.So76theNewEnglandJournalofMedicinelastweek77astudyaboutin–flightmedicalevents.Ireadit78interest.Thestudyestimatedthattherearea(n)79of30in-flightmedicalemergenciesonU.S.flightseveryday.Mostofthemarenot80;faintinganddizzinessarethemostfrequentcomplaints.8113%ofthem–roughlyfouraday–areseriousenoughto82apilottochangecourse.Themostcommonoftheseriousemergencies83hearttrouble,strokes,anddifficultybreathing.Let’sfaceit:planeridesare84.Forstarters,cabinpressuresathighaltitudesaresetatroughly85theywouldbeifyoulivedat5,000to8,000feetabovesealevel.Mostpeoplecantoleratethesepressurespretty86,butpassengerswithheartdisease87experiencechestpainsasaresultofthereducedamountofoxygenflowingthroughtheirblood.88commonin-flightproblemisdeepvenousthrombosis–theso-calledeconomyclasssyndrome(综合症).89happens,don’tpanic.Thingsaregettingbetteronthein-flight-emergencyfront.Thankstomorerecentlegislation,flightswithat90oneattendantarestartingtoinstallemergencymedicalkitstotreatheartattacks71.A)calledB)addressedC)informedD)surveyed72.A)accidentB)conditionC)incidentD)disaster73.A)soonB)longC)manyD)often74.A)confrontedB)treatedC)identifiedD)provided75.A)forB)toC)byD)through76.A)beforeB)sinceC)whenD)while77.A)collectedB)conductedC)discoveredD)published78.A)byB)ofC)withD)in79.A)amountB)averageC)sumD)number80.A)significantB)heavyC)commonD)serious81.A)ForB)OnC)ButD)So12082.A)requireB)inspireC)engageD)command83.A)includeB)confineC)implyD)contain84.A)enjoyableB)stimulatingC)tediousD)stressful85.A)whoB)whatC)whichD)that86.A)harshlyB)reluctantlyC)easilyD)casually87.A)oughttoB)mayC)usedtoD)need88.A)AnyB)OneC)OtherD)Another89.A)WhateverB)WhicheverC)WheneverD)Wherever90.A)mostB)worstC)leastD)bestPartVWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledShouldtheUniversityCampusBeOpentoTourists?YoushouldwriteatLeast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1．名校校园正成为旅游新热点2．校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同3．我认为……ShouldtheUniversityCampusBeOpentoTourists?2006年1月四级试题详解2006年1月参考答案1.A2.C3.D4.A5.C6.B7.A8.C9.B10.D11.D12.A13.A14.B15.C16.A17.C18.B19.B20.D听力原文PartIListeningComprehensionSectionA1.W:Caroltoldusonthephonenottoworryabouther.Herleftlegdoesn’thurtasmuchasitdidyesterday.M:She’dbetterhaveitexaminedbyadoctoranyway.AndIwillcallheraboutitthisevening.Q:WhatdoesthemanthinkCarolshoulddo?2.M:Thereisanon-stoptrainforWashingtonanditleavesat2:30.W:Itisfasterthanthe2o’clocktrain.Besides,wecanhavesomethingtoeatbeforegettingonthetrain.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?3.M:Hi,Melissa,howisyourprojectgoing?Haveyouthoughtaboutgoingtograduateschool?W:Everythingiscomingalongreallywell.Ihavebeenthinkingaboutgraduateschool.ButI’lltalktomytutorDoctorGarseerfirstandseewhatshethinks.Q:Whatdoyoulearnaboutthewomanfromtheconversation?4.W:DidyouattendAlice’spresentationlastnight?Itwasthefirsttimeforhertogiveaspeechtoalargeaudience.M:Howshecouldbesocalminfrontofsomanypeopleisreallybeyondme!Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?5.W:You’vebeendoingweatherreportsforneatly30years.Hastheweathergotanyworseinalltheseyears?M:Well,notnecessarilyworse.Butweareseeingmoreswings.Q:Whatdoesthemansayabouttheweather?6.M:Excuseme,IamlookingforthetextbookbyProfessorJordonfortheMarketingcourse.W:Iamafraidit’soutofstock.You’llhavetoorderit.Anditwilltakethepublisher3weekstosendittous.Q:Wheredidthisconversationmostprobablytakeplace?7.M:IamgoingtoNewYorknextweek,butthehotelIbookedisreallyexpensive.W:Whybookahotel?Mybrotherhas2spareroomsinhisapartment.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?8.W:Inmyopinion,watchingNewsonTVisagoodwaytolearnEnglish.Whatdoyouthink?M:ItwouldbebetterifyoucouldcheckthesameinformationinEnglishnewspapersafterwards.Q:WhatdoesthemansayaboutlearningEnglish?9.M:Ihearanewly-inventeddrugcanmakepeopletellthetruthanditmayproveusefulinquestioningterrorists.Isn’titincredible?W:Simplesolutionstocomplexproblemsrarelysucceed.AsfaradIknow,nosuchdrugsareeverknowntowork.Q:Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthenewday?10.M:Youknowtheelectronicscompanyiscomingtoourcampustorecruitgraduatestudentsnextweek.W:Really?Whatday?I\'dliketotalktothemandhandinmyresume.Q:Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?SectionTwoPassageoneAnewstudyreportsthecommondrugaspiringreatlyreduceslifethreateningproblemsafteranoperationtoreplaceblockedbloodvesselstotheheartmorethan121800,000peoplearoundtheworldhavethisheartsurgeryeachyear.Thedoctorswhocarriedoutthisstudysaygivingaspirintopatientssoonaftertheoperationcouldsavethousandsoflives.Peopleusuallytakeaspirintocontrolpainandreducehighbodytemperature.Doctorsalsoadvisesomepeopletotakeaspirintohelppreventheartattacks.About10-15percentoftheseheartoperationsendindeathordamagetotheheartorotherorgans.Thenewstudyshowsthatevenasmallamountofaspirinreducedsuchthreats.Thedoctorssaidthechanceofdeathforpatientswhotoolaspirinwouldfallby67%.Theyclaimedthiswastrueiftheaspirinwasgivenwithin48hoursoftheoperation.Thedoctorsbelieveaspirinhelpsheartsurgerypatientsbecauseitcanpreventbloodfromthickeningandbloodvesselsfrombeingblocked.However,thedoctorswarnedthatpeoplewhohavestomachbleedingorotherbadreactionsfromaspirinshouldnottakeitafterheartsurgery.Q11.Whatisthefindingofthenewstudyofaspirin?Q12.Inwhatwaycanaspirinhelpheartsurgerypatientsaccordingtothedoctors?Q13.Whatwarningdidthedoctorsgiveabouttheuseofaspirin?PassageTwoWereyouthefirstorthelastchildinyoufamily?Orwereyouamiddleoranonlychild?Somepeoplethinkitmatterswhereyouwereborninyoufamily.Buttherearedifferentideasaboutwhatbirthordermeans.Somepeoplesaythatoldestchildrenaresmartandstrong-willed.Theyareverylikelytobesuccessful.Thereasonforthissimpleparentshavealotoftimefortheirfirstchild,theygivehimorheralotofattention.Sothischildisverylikelytodowell.Anonlychildwillsucceedforthesamereason.Whathappenstotheotherchildreninthefamily?Middlechildrendon’tgetsomuchattention,sotheydon’tfeelthatimportant.Ifafamilyhasmanychildren,themiddleonesometimesgetslostinthecrowd.Theyoungestchild,though,oftengetsspecialtreatment.Heorsheisthebaby.Oftenthischildgrowsuptobefunnyandcharming.Doyoubelievethisideaofbirthordertoo?Arecentstudysawthingsquitedifferently.Thestudyfoundthatfirstchildrenbelievedinfamilyrules.Theydidn’ttakemanychancesintheirlives.Theyusuallyfollowedorders.Rulesdidn’tmeanasmuchtolaterchildreninthefamily.Theywentoutandfollowedtheirownideas.Theytookchancesandtheyoftendidbetterinlife.Q14.Accordingtocommonbelief,inwhatwayarethefirstchildandtheonlychildalike?Q15.Whatdopeopleusuallysayaboutmiddlechildren?Q16.whatdowelearnaboutlaterchildreninafamilyfromarecentstudyofbirthorder?PassageThreeWhenmyinterestshiftedfromspacetothesea,Ineverexpecteditwouldcausesuchconfusionamongmyfriends,yetIcanunderstandtheirfeelings.AsIhavebeenwritingandtalkingaboutspaceflightforthebestpartof20years,asuddenswitchofinteresttothedepthoftheseadoerseempeculiar.Toexplain,I’dliketosharemyreasonsbehindthisunusualchangeofmind.ThefirstexcuseIgiveisaneconomicone.Underwaterexplorationissomuchcheaperthanspaceflight.Thefirstround-triptickettothemoonisgoingtocostatleast10billiondollarsifyouincluderesearchanddevelopment.Bytheendofthiscentury,thecostwillbedowntoafewmillion.Ontheotherhand,thedivingsuitandasetofbasictoolsneededforskin-divingcanbeboughtfor20dollars.Mysecondargumentismorephilosophical.Theocean,surprisinglyenough,hasmanythingsincommonwithspace.Intheirdifferentways,bothseaandspaceareequallyhostile.Ifwewishtosurviveineitherforanylengthoftime,weneedtohavemechanicalaids.Thedivingsuithelpedthedesignofthespacesuit.Thefeelingandtheemotionsofamanbeneaththeseawillbemuchlikethoseofamanbeyondtheatmosphere.Q17.Howdidthespeaker’sfriendsrespondtohischangeofinterest?Q18.Whatisoneofthereasonsforthespearstoswitchhisinteresttounderwaterexploration?Q19.Inwhatwaydoesthespeakerthinkdivingissimilartospacetravel?Q20.Whatisthespeaker’spurposeingivingthistalk?21.D22.D23.A24.B25.C26.A27.C28.B29.A30.D31.A32.B33.C34.B35.C36.D37.B38.C39.B40.D41.C42.B43.A44.B45.A46.D47.A48.D49.C50.D51.A52.C53.D54.B55.D56.B57.A58.C59.D60.B61.C62.B63.C64.D65.B66.C67.A68.B69.D70.D71.A72.A73.D74.A75.B76.C77.D78.C79.B80.D81.C82.A83.A84.D85.B86.C87.B88.D89.A90.C122',)