状语(中考复习)

1Adverbial（状语）状语是用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或整个句子的句子成分.充当状语的一般为副词(词组),名词(词组),介词短语,不定式短语,-ed分词短语,-ing分词短语,从句等.21.副词词组①Welikethispictureverymuch.②ThedoctorlookedoverMrs.Brownverycarefully.2.名词词组①Theyworkeddayandnight.②Wemustservethepeopleheartandsoul（全心全意）.3名词作状语的用法归纳(1)表示时间的名词前面有one,some,the,this,that,last,next,every,all等词修饰时。Whichsubjectishegoingtostudythisterm?这学期他将学什么课程？4(2)表示时间的名词修饰其后的ago,since,before,after,week,month等词时。①Isawhimtwoweeksago.我在两周前见过他。①Manyyearslater,hebecameamillionaire.很多年过去了，他成了百万富翁。5(3)名词或名词词组前的during或for省略之后，名词就直接作了状语。①Couldyouwait(for)afewdaysforthemoney?这钱，你们可以等几天吗？①Nothinghappened(during)thewholevacation.整个假期，什么事也没发生。6(4)表示数量的名词，放在long,wide,high,tall,deep,strong,thick,old等形容词之前，作状语。①Thebridgeis3000metreslong.这座桥有3000米长。②Heisthirtyyearsold.他三十岁了。7(5)表示次数、距离、方向、程度、价值、状态的名词作状语。①Takethismedicinethreetimesaday.这种药一天服用三次。②Comethisway,please.请这边走。8(6)比较级前的名词也是直接作状语。Igotupanhourearlierthanusual.我今早上比平时早起了一个小时。93.介词短语①ShewillarriveinBeijingonMonday.②Toeveryone’ssurprise,Mr.Kingrefused.4.不定式短语•Myfatherwassurprisedtohearthenews.①Itistoohottowearthecoat.5.-ing分词短语Theyenteredtheroom,talkingandlaughing.106.-ed分词短语①Mikewalkedalongthestreet,lostinthought（陷入沉思）.②Givenmoretime,Iwouldhavedonemuchbetter.7.从句①Wasitsnowingwhenyouleftthecinema?•Manyofthestarscannotbeseenbecause11122.地点状语①HestudiesatNo.127MiddleSchool.②Sheworksalongwayfromhome.③Weateourpicnicundersometrees.133.原因状语①Theycamelatebecauseoftherain.②Hejumpedforjoy.4.目的状语①Hestoppedtohavealook.②Hewenttobuyaneveningnewspaper.146.条件状语①I’llcometoseeyouifIhavetime.②Ican’tdoitwithoutyourhelp.7.方式状语①Mr.Greenrepliedwithalaugh.•Mrs.Whiteoftengoestoworkbybike.158.程度状语①Ifeelquitewell.②Ireallyenjoyedit.③Thisproblemisdifficultenough.169.频度状语①Heusuallyeatsathome.②Heisalwaysfondoftalking.10.让步状语Althoughitwaslate,hewentonworking.1711.伴随状语①Shestoodthere,listeningtotheradio.②Heenteredtheroomwithabookunderhisarm.18状语的位置:英语中状语的位置比较灵活,影响状语位置的因素很多,如强调的程度,句子的平衡及状语本身的长短等都可以影响状语的位置.1.修饰谓语的状语通常放在谓语(及宾语)之后.Hewalkedveryquickly.Isawhimtheotherday.Thematchwasputoffbecauseofrain.2.有多个状语时,一般把单位小的放在单位大的前面,地点状语常放在时间状语之前,方式状语一般放在时间,地点状语之前.19状语的位置:英语中状语的位置比较灵活,影响状语位置的因素很多,如强调的程度,句子的平衡及状语本身的长短等都可以影响状语的位置.1.修饰谓语的状语通常放在谓语(及宾语)之后.Hewalkedveryquickly.Isawhimtheotherday.Thematchwasputoffbecauseofrain.2.有多个状语时,一般把单位小的放在单位大的前面,地点状语常放在时间状语之前,方式状语一般放在时间,地点状语之前.203.表示频度的副词如often,usually,always,sometimes,seldom,ever,never,rarely,generally,constantly等,通常放在主动词前,情态动词,助动词,be动词后.Heisalwaysbusy.Iusuallygotoworkateightinthemorning.4.不定式短语作目的状语一般放在句末,有时为了强调也可放在句首,作结果状语则常放在动词后面.Mostcountriesusethesesatellitestosendandreceivemessages.Tomakehimselfunderstood,heraisedhisvoice.21Twoyearslater,herfatherdisappeared,nevertobeheardfromagain.5.-ing分词短语作方式,伴随状语常放在被修饰的动词后,作时间,原因状语等常放在句首,作结果,目的状语常位于句末.Theyarenowatbreakfast,talkingabouttheplanfortheirtrip.Havingfinishedmyhomework,Iwentouttoplayfootball.Thefishcaneatapersonintwominutes,leavingonlythebones.22状语从句状语从句由从属连词引导,从属连词在从句中不充当成分.根据从句表达的意思不同,可分为时间,地点,原因,条件,目的,结果,让步,比较等状语从句.1.时间状语从句引导的从属连词有:when,whenever,after,before,as,assoonas,while,till/until,since,once.如果主句是一般将来时,在时间状语从句中用一般现在时.Asthestudentswatchedhimquietly,hemixedthethreeliquidstogether.Whenthissoilisdestroyed,theforestlandwill23有时名词everytime,thenexttime,thenextday,themoment等也可以起从属连词的作用,引导时间状语从句.Everytimeyougetbackatnight,youdropyourshoesonthefloor.Don’tstopeverytimeyoucometoawordorphraseyoudon’tknow.Thenexttimeyouseeawatch,lookattheback.Ididn’thaveapennythelasttimeIsawyou.Themomenthereachedthecountry,hestartedhisresearch.24有些副词如immediately,instantly,directly等也可以起从属连词的作用,引导时间状语从句,表示一…就…Theyoungladyrushedintotheroomimmediatelysheheardthenoise.Directlythemastercamein,everyonewasquiet.2.地点状语从句一般由where,wherever引导.Weshouldtowhereweareneeded.Wherethereisnorain,farmingisdifficult.Youcantakeitwithyouwhereveryougo.253.原因状语从句一般由because,since,as,nowthat等引导.Idon’tdrinkbeer,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.Wearstrongshoesasweshalldoalotofwalking.Whydopeoplecometohislecturesinceheisdifficulttounderstand?Nowthattheycouldridehorses,itbecameeasiertohuntthebison.264.条件状语从句一般由if,unless,once,as/solongas等引导.Don’ttouchanythingunlessyourteachertellsyouto.Youmaystayinmyroom,aslongasyouarequiet.Ifyouworkhard,youaresuretosucceed.He’llbeOKifdoonesmalloperation.Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.275.目的状语从句一般由that(以便),sothat,inorderthat等引导.Drivecarefullysothateveryonecanenjoyalonglife.Shegotupearlyinorderthatshemightbeintimeforclass.sothat引导目的状语从句时,从句中常有may,can,could等情态动词,而引导结果状语从句时一般不与情态动词连用.Hegotupearlysothathecouldcatchthetrain.Hegotupearlysothathecaughtthetrain.286.让步状语从句一般由though,although,as,evenif/though,nomatterwho/what/how,whatever,whoever,however,while,despite,inspiteof等引导.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.I’mdeterminedtoenjoymyselfasmuchaspossible,eventhoughIcan’tseeeverything.Nomatterwhat(whatever)hesays,Idon’tbelievehim.However(Nomatterhow)hardhetries,heneverseemsabletodotheworkwell.291)在正常语序中的让步状语从句，通常用although,though,while,as,eventhough等引导从句，可在主句前，也可在主句后。although较正式些，though口语化，while可与though互换，但while不太常用，含有强调意味。Although/Though/While/Eventhoughtheworkishard,Ienjoyit.2)让步状语从句中的动词用一般现在时表将来或一般的行为时，常用eventhough/if，但从句中含有情态动词时也可though来引导从句用一般现在时表示习惯性行为。Iwon’tattendthepartyeventhough/ifIaminvited.Thoughyoumaynotlikebeer,tryaglassofthis.303)让步状语从句中的动词用虚拟语气表示与事实相反的假设时，常用eventhough/if.Heisn’tstupid.Eventhough/ifhewereslowinstudy,heshouldn’tgiveuphisstudies.4)倒装语序的让步状语从句中起强调作用常用though/as,这种从句常放在主句前，她的词序是要把形容词,副词,动词或名词放在连词前，常有以下几种结构：A.Adj./adv.+as/though+主语+其他成分B.V.+as+S.+ModelV.+其他成分C.N.+as+S.+其他成分这种从句前的名词不要冠词，但名词前若有形容词修饰，则需要冠词。Coldasitwas,theywentonworkingonthefarm.Tryasshemight,shecouldn’topenthedoor.316)让步状语从句用although/though/eventhough等引导时，不能与but连用，但可与yet或still连用。Although/Though/While/Eventhoughhetriedhisbest,(yet/still)hefailed.7)nomatterhow/who/what/when/where等只引导状语从句,而what/who/when/where+ever既可引导状语从句又可引导名词性从句.Whoever/Nomatterwhobreaksthelaw,hewillbepunished.Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.327.比较状语从句一般由as…as,notas/so…as,than引导.Englishisasimportantasmaths.Itisnotas/soeasyasyouthought.Wecameearlierthantheydid.8)介词despite或介词短语inspiteof表示“尽管，虽然”，其后都可接名词（短语）或动名词（短语）。Despite/Inspiteofherseriousillness,shecametothemeeting.Wehadawonderfulholiday,despite/inspiteofbadweather.338.方式状语从句一般由as(正如),asif/asthough引导.YoumustdoeverythingasIdo.Hespokeasifheknewthequestionverywell.Heworkedsohardasifheneverknewtiredness.You’refinejustasyouare.Alldaylongheworkedatmakingshoes,ashehaddoneinprison.349.结果/程度状语从句一般由sothat,so/such…that引导.Thereweresomaybeautifulthingsthatitwashardtochoose.Heisill,sothathecan’tgotoschool.Hebecamesoangrythathecouldn’tspeak.10.范围状语从句一般由as/sofaras(尽,就）引导。SofarasIknowyoushouldn’thaveanyproblemsthere.