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九年级英语Unit13《We're-trying-to-save-the-earth!》知识点

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本作品内容为九年级英语Unit13《We're-trying-to-save-the-earth!》知识点,格式为 docx ,大小 35727 KB ,页数为 9页

九年级英语Unit13《We're-trying-to-save-the-earth!》知识点


("九年级英语Unit13《We'retryingtosavetheearth!》知识点1.现在进行时定义:表示说话时(瞬间)正在进行的动作,也表示目前或现阶段一直进行的动作。结构:①肯定句:主语+am/is/are+V-ing②否定句:主语+am/is/are+not+V-ing③疑问句:Am/Is/Are+主语+V-ing用法:1)表示说话时正在进行的,目前正在发生的动作。①Look!Thebigbirdisflyingaway.②Heiswatchingamovienow.2)表示目前一段时间内正在进行,但说话时可能没有进行的动作。RightnowIamstudyingChinesebydistancelearning.我现在正通过远程教育学习汉语。1)2)常带有表示目前时刻的时间副词,如:now,rightnow,atthe(very)moment,forthetimebeing,atpresent,thesedays及Look!Listen!...3)与always,constantly,forever,allthetime等副词连用,表示动作反复或习惯。此时句子常含有说话者的强烈情感在内。表达较强的“责备”或“表扬”之意①Youarealwayschangingyourmind.你总是主意不定。(太烦人了)②Heisalwayshelpingothers.他总是帮助别人。(他真是个好人)4)对于come,go,leave,arrive,start,fly,drive等表示位置移动的动词常可用进行时态表将来。①HeisleavingonWednesday.②Maryisn’thereatthemoment.Sheiscominglater.2.usedtodo过去常常做某事见第四单元及use用法be/getusedtodoing习惯于做某事beusedtodo=beusedfordoing被用来做某事3.被动语态见第五单元注意:接双宾语的词的被动语态;make/let/havesbdo的被动语态;see/hear/notice/find/observe/noticesbdo的被动语态;It’ssaid/reported/believed/supposed/well-knownthat;及无被动语态的三种情况(感官动词、不及物动词、sell/write等)4.现在完成时:用法:①过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果:强调结果YesterdayIfinishedmyhomework,that’stosay,Ihavefinishedmyhomeworknow.②过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态:强调继续Ihavelivedheresince1990.现在完成时的构成have/has+过去分词现在完成时的四个基本句型肯定句Hehasfinishedthework.一般疑问句Hashefinishedthework?否定句Hehasnotfinishedthework.两回答Yes,hehas.No,hehasn’t.特殊疑问句Whathashedone?在下列情形下用现在完成时1九词语①already已经肯定句中或句尾Ihavealreadyfoundmypen.=Ihavefoundmypenalready.②yet已经否定句和疑问句句尾Ihavenotfinishedtheworkyet.Haveyouboughtacomputeryet?③ever曾经句中Haveyoueverseenpandas?④never从不句中IhaveneverbeentoBeijing.⑤just刚刚句中Ihavejustdonemywork.⑥before以前句尾Ihaveneverbeentherebefore.⑦sofar到目前为止Sofarhehaslearned200words.⑧howlong多久Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?⑨howmanytimes多少次HowmanytimeshashebeentoBeijing?2两词组havegoneto去了某地例:HehasgonetoBeijing(去了北京,没回)havebeento去过某地例:HehasbeentoBeijing.(去过北京,回了)3两结构fortwomonthsfor+一段时间Jimhaslivedherefor2months.sincelastyearsince+过去时间点LucyhasbeeninBeijingsince3yearsago.since3yearsagosince1990sincehecameheresince+过去时态句子HehasbeeninChinasincehecamehere.4如果句子里面没有时间状语,汉语意思能够加“已经”,往往用现在完成时态。Haveyoulostyourlibrarybook?你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗?5现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型Theyhaveplantedmanytreesinthelast/pastfewyears.ThisisthebestbookIhaveeverread.ItisthefirsttimeIhaveplayedthecomputergames.在现在完成时中,一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用例:Hehasboughtthebookfor3years.(错)因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for3years连用,改正的办法有:Hehasboughtthebook.(去掉一段时间for3years)Heboughtthebook3yearsago(改为一般过去时,使句子的意思不变)It’s/Ithasbeen3yearssinceheboughtthebook.=3yearshaspassedsinceheboughtthebook.(改为固定句型Itis/Ithasbeen---since---)Hehashadthebookfor3years.(用延续性动词have代替buy)另外①come/arrive/getto/reach→behereIhavecomeherefor3years.(错)改为:Ihavebeenherefor3years.②leave/go→beawayHehasleftfor3hours.(错)改为:Hehasbeenawayfor3hours.③begin/start→beonThefilmhasbegunfor3minutes.(错)改为:Thefilmhasbeenonfor3minutes.④open→beopen/close→beclosedTheshophasopenedfor3years.(错)改为:Theshophasbeenopenfor3years.⑤die→bedeadHisfatherhasdiedfor3years.(错)改为:Hisfatherhasbeendeadfor3years.⑥finish/end→beoverHehasfinishedtheworkfor3days.(错)改为:Theworkhasbeenoverfor3days⑦joinIhavejoinedthearmyfor3years.(错)改为:Ihavebeeninthearmyfor3years.或Ihavebeenasoldierfor3years.⑧buy/catch→haveIhaveboughtthebikefor3years.(错)改为:Ihavehadthebikefor3years.Hehascaughtacoldfor3days.(错)改为:Hehashadacoldfor3days.⑨borrow→keepIhaveborrowedthebookfor3years.(错)改为:Ihavekeptthebookfor3years.还有其它的归纳如下:break→bebrokengetup→beupmarry→bemarriedbecome→belose→belost5.情态动词1)情态动词本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气,但不能单独作谓语,只能与其他动词构成谓语。常见的有:can(could),may(might),must,need,shall(should),will(would)等。2)情态动词无人称和数的变化,后接动词原形。否定式是在情态动词后面加not。个别情态动词有过去式形式,也可用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气。1.can和could的用法(1)can/could表示“能力;许可;可能性”等。could为can的过去式。如:CanIuseyourbike?(2)can用在疑问句中,表示征求意见、请求许可,答语仍用can;could用在疑问句中,比can更委婉、客气,是一种礼貌的说法,并不表示过去时态,答语用can,而不能用could。如:—Couldyoutellmethewaytothezoo?—Sorry.Ican't.I'mnewhere。[注意]can和could只能用于现在时和过去时两种时态,将来时中用beableto。另外,can't可表示否定推测。如:That______beMrWang.HehasgonetoBeijing。2.may和might的用法may/might意为“可以”,表示同意、许可或请求对方许可,也可表示祝愿。may的否定形式为maynot。might是may的过去式,有两种用法:一种表示过去式;一种表示虚拟语气,使语气更加委婉、客气,或表示可能性更小。以may开头的一般疑问句,其否定回答用mustn't,而不用maynot。如:______Iuseyourpen?我可以用你用的钢笔吗?Youmayputonmoreclothes.Mayyoubehappy!MightIborrowsomemoneynow?Hemightbealive.3.must的用法must意为“必须,一定,准是”,表示说话人认为有必要做某事,或命令、要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。否定形式mustn't,表示“不得”,“一定不要”。如:I______finishmyworktoday。Youmustn'tdriveafterdrinking。(1)must与haveto的区别:must表示说话人的主观意愿;haveto表示客观需要。如:Imustdomyhomeworkfirst。Itisraininghardoutside;I_____stayathome。(2)回答由must引导的疑问句的提问①肯定回答:Yes,…must.如:—MustIgohomenow?—Yes,youmust.②否定回答:No,…needn't./No,…don't/doesn'thaveto.—MustIgohomenow?—No,you______.(3)must表示对事物的推测,意为“想必;一定”,只用于肯定句中;表“推测”时,情态动词与动词原形,(常为be动词)连用,如:Themanmustbeourteacher。4.need的用法(1)need表示“需要,必须”,主要用于否定句和疑问句中。其否定形式为needn't,表示“没有必要,不必”;对由need构成的疑问句进行回答时,其肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn't。如—Needwedosomecleaningnow?—Yes,youmust.—No,youneedn't.(2)need还可作实义动词,常用于下列结构:①人:needtodosth“需要做某事”。如Ineedtolearnmore.②物:needdoing“某物需要被做”=needtobedone。如:Myhairneedscutting.=Myhairneedstobecut.③need+名词或代词。如:Alllivingthingsneedwater.5.shall和should的用法shall用于第一人称的句子中,表示提建议或请求;should用于各种人称的句子中,强调义务或责任,意为“应该”。如:______wegooutforawalk?Youshouldstudyhardatschool。shouldhavedone主要有两个用法:用于推测过去已经发生的情况。如:Heshouldhavearrivedbynow.用于指本该发生而实际上未发生的情况。如:Youshouldhavetoldmesobefore.6.will和would的用法will用于第二人称疑问句时,表示征求意见或提建议;would为will的过去式,可用于多种人称,表示意愿。如:Willyouhavealittlesoup?wouldhavedone主要有两个用法:表“猜测过去”Iguessthepoetwouldhavebeenabouttwentywhenshewroteherfirstpoem.表“过去本会发生,而实际并未发生”,没有责备之意。IwouldhavewrittenbeforebutIhavebeenill.本来我是会写信的,但是由于我生病了。(用来说明某一情况,没有责备之意)7.havetohaveto的陈述句形式肯定式:haveto+动词原形Ihavetotidymyroom.我得整理房间.否定式:don't(doesn't)+haveto+动词原形Youdon'thavetogoifyoudon'twantto.haveto的一般疑问句形式及简略答语haveto的一般疑问形式必须借助助动词do或does:Doyouhavetolookafteryoursister?Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.haveto的特殊疑问句形式WhatdoyouhavetodoonSundays?haveto可用于各种时态A、一般现在时:IhavetovisitMrWang.B、一般过去时:Thatnightwehadtowalkhomebecausetherewasnobus.C、一般将来时:We'llhavetoaskZhangMinginstead.D、与may连用:IthinkhemayhavetohelphisDadinthegarden.8.oughttooughtto的肯定式应当,应该Youdon'tlookwell.Yououghttogotoseethedoctor.oughtto的否定式和疑问式oughtto的否定形式是ought后直接加not构成,其否定形式可缩写为oughtn't。Oneoughtnot(oughtn't)tocrossthestreetagainsttheredlight.oughtto的疑问式是将ought提到句首构成。—Oughtwetodoitatonce?—Yes,yououghtto.Heoughttobeherenow,shouldn't(oughtn't)he?“oughtto+have+done”表示过去应做某事而实际未做Yououghttohavetoldmethat(butyoudidn't).这时oughtto和should可以互换使用。三.1.litter/rubbish/garbage/waste/trashgarbage和rubbish含义相同,garbage美国英语,而rubbish英国英语。这两个词词义较为具体,指必须及时清除的剩余物,比如厨房里的垃圾,生活垃圾等等。litter指公共场所丢弃的小片/块垃圾,如纸片、塑料袋、易拉罐、饮料瓶等。waste作名词用时可表“废物”的总称。另:wastetimeindoingsth浪费时间做某事takeoutthetrash倒垃圾2.atthebottomof在...底部/atthetopof在...顶部Heshoutedatthetopofhisvoiceinorderthathemightbeheard.3.advantage-disadvantage1).have/gain/getthe(an)advantageover(of)优于,比……占有优势。如:Youhavetheadvantageover(of)meinexperience.你经验比我丰富。有时用动词gain,get等。如:Theygainedanadvantageovertheenemy.他们比敌人占优势。2).takeadvantageof=make(full)useof(1)利用(机会、时机等)。Theytookadvantageofthefineweathertoplaytennis.(2)利用(某人的处境、弱点等)。Healwaystookfulladvantageofthemistakesmadebyhisrivals.(3)欺骗(某人),捉弄(某人),占(某人的)便宜。Hehasalwaysbeentakingadvantageofme.3).tosb’sadvantage对某人有利。Itwillbetoyouradvantagetostudyabroad.4.四个花费句型人:spend钱/时间onsth.spend钱/时间indoingsth.spent人:pay钱forsth.pay-paid-paid物:sth.costsb.钱cost-cost-costIttakessb.时间todosth.take-took-taken5.beharmfulto=doharmto对…有害Smokingisharmfultothehealth.=Smokingdoesharmtoyourhealth6.参加辨析joinjoinin&takepartinattend7.affordtodosth担负得起干某事[常与can,could,beableto连用]Hetoldmethatthefirmcouldnotaffordtopaysuchlargesalaries.他告诉我公司无法支付如此巨额的工资。8.turn短语turnin归还Youmustturninyourequipmentbeforeyouleavethearmy.turnon打开couldyouturnonthelight,please?turnoff关掉(煤气,水,电,收音机,电视机等)Don’tforgettoturnoffthelightwhenyouleave.turnup①出现,到达②开大音量Hepromisedtocomebuthasn’tturnedupyet.Ican’theartheradioverywell;couldyouturnitupabit?turndown①关小②拒绝(refuse)CanyouturntheTVdown?I’mtryingtogetsomesleep.Hetriedtojointhearmybutwasturneddownbecauseofpoorhealth.turnout(tobe)+adj./n.证明是,结果是Theexperimentturnedouttobeagreatsuccess.turn/changeinto把……变成,译成TurnthefollowingsentencesintoChinese,please.turnto翻到,求助于1)Pleaseturntopage10.2)Thechildturnedtohismotherforcomfort.turnover翻身,翻转Sheturnedoverandwenttosleep.9.throwaway扔掉,丢弃错过(机会、优势或好处)Hethrewawaytheoldsofa.Don'tthrowawaythisopportunity.10.workworkn.工作;(音乐、艺术)作品;工厂v.工作Hehasmuchworktodo.(U)Themangainedhiswealthbyprintingworksoffamouswriters.(做“作品”讲,为可数名词,但常用复数)Theglassworksis/arenearthestation.玻璃厂在车站附近。(做“工厂”讲,只用复数形式,但谓语动词单复均可)英语中有些名词,单复数形式意义有差别。manner方式,方法manners礼貌,礼仪arm胳膊arms武器water水waters海水,水域wood木头woods森林11.bringback归还;使想起Thesebooksmustbebroughtbackwithinaweek.Yourarticlebroughtbacksadmemoriesforme.bringup:抚养长大bringin:引进bringforward:提出bringabout:带来,造成12.inspirationninspirev激励13.trytodo=try/doone’sbesttodo努力去做某事。trydoingsth.尝试做某事Everystudentshouldtrytostudyhardinordertostudyinauniversity.14.berelatedto与…有关Iamnotrelatedtohiminanyway.我和他无任何关系。15.playapartindoingsth在……方面起作用Agooddietplaysalargepartinhelpingpeoplelivelonger.16.turn/change…into…(使)变成Joanisturningintoquiteaskilledmusician.译成PleaseturnthisintoEnglish.17.makeadifference(to…)表示(对……)产生影响或作用ThenewteacheralwaysencourageslittleTom.Thishasmadeabigdifferencetohim.18.nolonger意思是“不再”有两个短语和nolonger同义,即not…anylonger和not…anymore,但他们侧重的方面不同。nolonger和not…anylonger侧重时间。e.g.Henolongerliveshere.=Hedoesn’tlivehereanylonger.他不在这儿居住了。(一个时间以前他住在这儿,过了这个时间,他就离开了。)not…anymore=nomore侧重侧重程度和数量Youcandrinknomore.=Youcan’tdrinkanymore.你不能再喝了。(喝酒的量到了一定程度,不能再继续下去了。)19.notonly…butalso…“不仅……而且……”;其中的also有时可以省略。若连接两个成分作主语,其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。Notonlyyoubutalsohehastoleave.不只是你,他也得离开。notonly放在句首,后接句子时要用倒装结构。Notonlydidmyauntteachatschool,but(also)shewrotearticlesfornewspapers.20.Thenumberof......的数量,谓语用单三anumberof...大量的,谓语用原形当表示数值的高或低时,number要用high或low修饰。当表达数量多,少large/smallInthatcountry,thenumberofchildrengoingtoschoolishigherincitiesthanintownsandvillage.在那个国家,城市儿童入学人数比乡镇及农村要高。常与number搭配的动词有grow,fall等。Thenumberoffamiliesthatowncarshasbeengrowingquicklyrecently.近来拥有轿车的家庭数量增长很快。21.putsth.togooduse好好利用22.build/make...outof用……建造/制造Hebuiltamodelshipoutofwood.他用木头造了个模型船。23.Thetopofthehouseisanoldboatturnedupsidedown.turnedupsidedown意为“被翻转过来的;被颠倒过来的”,做后置定语修饰boat。24.bemadeof和bemadefrom25.beknownfor因……而著名beknownas作为……而著名beknownto对于某人来说是著名的26.bringsb/sthbacktolife使复活,给…以活力;27.Rethink,Reuse,Recycle,Reduce!re-是最常用的前缀之一re-表示以下三方面的意义:1)表示“回”或“向后”的意思。return(回来)recall(回忆,召回)retract(缩回,取回)2)表示“再”、“重新”、“重复”的意思。rethink(再思考)reuse(再运用)restart(重新开始)recycle(再利用)3)表示“相反”、“反对”的意思。rebel(反叛,谋反)reverse(反转,颠倒)resist(反抗,抵抗)28.Sheisamostunusualwoman.un-前缀,第一,表示否定意义。第二,表示“反动作”。即“相反的动作”。uncomfortable不舒服的unending无尽的unfortunate不幸的unusual不平常的unkind不仁慈的unbind解开,释放uncover揭开……的盖子unearth由地下掘出unbutton解开钮扣29.-ive是形容词后缀一般表示有......的create-ive﹢=creative30.recent-ly﹢=recently形容词加ly变副词31.Amyisaninspiration(n.灵感)tousall.后缀-tion附在动词后面构成名词1)当单词最后是t,d,te,de时,变名词加tion或者ation,ition;2)当单词最后是元音字母时,变名词加sion等。32.cutdown砍倒,减少ThelittleboycutdowntheyoungtreewithanaxeThedoctortoldmetocutdownsmokinganddrinking.cutup切碎cutoff切断,停止33.especially尤其,特别befullof=befilledwith充满noise/air/water/landpollution噪音,空气,水,陆地污染throw...into...扔进causetheproblem引起麻烦writetosb.=writealettertosb.=writesb.aletter给某人写信cleanup打扫干净usedtodo过去常常做某事toomuch太多+U/toomany太多+Cs/muchtoo太..playapartincutdowninsteadof+doing代替ratherthanmakeadifferencearoundhere=nearhere在附近leadto导入ideafordoingsth.solvetheproblems解决问题solutionn.解决takethe+交通工具=by+交通工具help/work起作用remembertodo/doingforgettodo/doinghearof/about听说hearfromsb.=get/receivealetterfromsb.收到某人来信beharmfulto=doharmtothefoodchain食物链thewhole+n=allthe+nbeindanger=beendangeredfallbyover90percent下降90%increaseby是增加了多少increaseto是增加至多少inthelast/past20years在过去的20年beginwithsth以…为开始addup累加add…to…加…stoptodo/doingtakeaction采取行动pull…down拆迁推到setup=establish建立thebestwaytodosth=thebestwayofdoing做某事的最佳方法34.Writealettertothecitymajorabouttheproblemandyoursuggestions.Inyourletter,describetheenvironmentalproblemsinyourtown/city.①Whataretheproblems?②Wherearethey?③Whatorwhoiscausingtheseproblems?Then,givesuggestionsorpossiblewaystosolvetheproblems.Ithinkthat…Weshould/could…Isuggest…DearSir/Madam,Environmentalproblemsarebecomingmoreandmoreseriousallovertheworld.Withthedevelopmentofthesociety,therearetoomanycarsonthestreetsinourcity.Carshavemadetheairunhealthyforpeopletobreathe.Blacksmokeandpoisonousgasaregivenoffbyfactories.Factoriesalsoputwasteintotheriver.Andwhereverwego,wecanfindrubbish.Nowmoreandmorepeoplehaverealizedtheseproblems.Ithinkthatgovernmentsshouldclosedownthefactoriesanddeveloplawstostoppeoplefromdrivingcarseveryday.Isuggesteveryoneinthistownshouldhelptocleanuptheriverandthestreets.Weshouldcalloneveryoneinthetowntothrowrubbishinthedustbins.Ihopetheproblemwillbesolvedinthenearfutureandourhomewillbecomebetterandbetter.35.landpollution土地污染36.filltheairwithblacksmoke使空气中充满了黑烟37.usepublictransportation使用公共交通38.recyclebooksandpaper回收书和废纸39.usepapernapkins使用纸巾【重点句子】1.Eventhebottomoftheriverwasfullofrubbish.即使河底都充满垃圾。2.Everyoneintownshouldplayapartincleaningitup.城里的每个人都应当尽一份力把它清理干净。3.Theairisbadlypollutedbecausetherearetoomanycarsontheroadthesedays.空气被严重污染因为如今路上的汽车太多了。4.Tocutdownairpollution,weshouldtakethebusorsubwayinsteadofdriving.为了减少空气污染,我们应当乘坐公汽或地铁而不是开车。5.Iusedtobeabletoseestarsinthesky.我过去能在天空中看到星星。6.Theairhasbecomereallypollutedaroundhere.I’mgettingveryworried.这儿的空气真的已经被污染了,我非常担心。7.Noscientificstudieshaveshownthatsharkfinsaregoodforhealth.没有科学研究说明鱼鳍对人们的健康有好处。【单元知识点】1.costvt.1.花费;价格为;值例句:Itmustcostagooddealtolivehere.住在这里一定要花很多钱的拓展:take,spend,cost,pay的用法都可以表示“花费”,但用法却不尽相同。1)spend的主语必须是人,常用于以下结构:(1)spendtime/moneyonsth.在……上花费时间(金钱)。例:Ispenttwohoursonthismathsproblem.这道数学题花了我两个小时。(2)spendtime/money(in)doingsth.花费时间(金钱)做某事。例:Theyspenttwoyears(in)buildingthisbridge.造这座桥花了他们两年时间。(3)spendmoneyforsth.花钱买……例:Hismoneywasspentforbooks.他的钱用来买书了。2)cost的主语是物或某种活动,还可以表示“值”,常见用法如下:(1)sth.costs(sb.)+金钱,某物花了(某人)多少钱。例:Anewcomputercostsalotofmoney.买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。(2)(doing)sth.costs(sb.)+时间,某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间。例:Rememberingthesenewwordscosthimalotoftime.他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。注意:cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。3)take后面常跟双宾语,常见用法有以下几种:(1)Ittakessb.+时间+todosth.做某事花了某人多少时间。例:Ittookthemthreeyearstobuildthisroad.他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。(2)doingsth.takessb.+时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。例:Repairingthiscartookhimthewholeafternoon.他花了一下午修车。4)pay的基本用法是:(1)pay(sb.)moneyforsth.付钱(给某人)买……例:Ihavetopaythem20poundsforthisroomeachmonth.我每个月要付20英磅的房租。(2)payforsth.付……的钱。例:Ihavetopayforthebooklost.我不得不赔丢失的书款。(3)payforsb.替某人付钱。例:Don?蒺tworry!I'llpayforyou.别担心,我会给你付钱的。(4)paysb.付钱给某人。例:Theypayuseverymonth.他们每月给我们报酬。(5)paymoneyback还钱。例:MayIborrow12yuanfromyou?I'llpayitbacknextweek.你能借给我12块钱吗?下周还你。(6)payoffone'smoney还清钱。2.Thismethodisnotonlycruel,butalsoharmfultotheenvironment.这种方法不仅残酷,而且对环境有害。(1)notonly…butalso…意为“不仅……而且……”用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分,着重强调后者,其中的also有时可以省略。如:Shenotonlyplayswell,butalsowritesmusic.她不仅很会演奏,而且还会作曲。Henotonlywriteshisownplays,healsoactsinthem.他不仅是自编剧本,还饰演其中的角色。HeworksnotonlyonweekdaysbutonSundaysaswell.他不仅平时工作,星期日也工作。(2)若连接两个成分作主语,其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致。如:Notonlyyoubutalsohehastoleave.不只是你,他也得离开。(3)若连接两个句子,notonly后面的句子要用倒装,如:Notonlydidhespeakmorecorrectly,buthespokemoreeasily.他不仅说得更正确,而且讲得更不费劲了。3.workn.(音乐,艺术)作品work的用法作名词1)不可数,意为:工作;劳动;作业;功课事,成果,产品;工艺品,针线活如:Ittakesalotofworktodigadeepwell.挖一口深井很费事。Ihavetobringmyworkhometoday.今天我得把工作带回家做。2)作可数名词着作,作品HeismakingastudyofWilliamFaulkner'sworks.他在研究威廉•福克纳的作品。作不及物动词(vi.)1)工作,劳动,干活[(+at/on)]Sheworksinarestaurant.她在一家饭店工作。2)(机器等)运转,活动Themachinewon'twork.机器不转了。3)(由于使用等)逐渐变动;慢慢地前进4)起作用;行得通Yoursuggestionworkswell.你的建议很有效。作及物动词(vt.)1)使工作,使干活Don'tworkyourselftodeath.别拼命做了。2)开动;操作Pleasetellmehowtoworkthemachine.请告诉我如何操纵这机器。3)通过努力取得;靠做工取得4)使缓慢前进;使逐渐变动Canyouworkthescrewloose?你能使这个螺钉松开吗?5)造成,引起;激起Thisscientistworkedmiracles.这位科学家创造了奇迹。6)安排,经营,管理Heworkedthefarmwithgreatsuccess.这个农场他经营得很成功。8)影响;说服I'lltrytoworkhimtomywayofthinking.我要设法说服他同意我的想法。9)精工细做10)计算,算出【语法归纳】动词不定式做目的状语时的用法Tocutdownairpollution,weshouldtakethebusorsubwayinsteadofdriving.为了减少空气污染,我们应当乘坐公汽或地铁而不是开车。本句中Tocutdownairpollution是动词不定式作目的状语。动词不定式做目的状语时的用法一、不定式和不定式短语作目的状语不定式和不定式短语作目的状语,主要用来修饰动词,表示某一动作或状态的目的。为了使目的意义更加清楚或表示强调意义时,还可以在前面加inorderto或soasto。例如:I'vewrittenitdowninordernottoforget.Heshoutedandwavedsoastobenoticed.在句子中作谓语动词的状语的不定式或不定式短语,表示的是主语的目的,因此,其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。比较:Todrawmapsproperly,youneedaspecialpen.(正)Todrawmapsproperly,aspecialpenisneeded.(误)由inorderto引导的目的状语,既可以置于句尾,也可以置于句首,而由soasto引导的目的状语,只能置于句尾,而不能置于句首。比较:Theystartedearlyinordertogetthereintime.(正)Inordertogetthereintime,theystartedearly.(正)Theystartedearlysoastogetthereintime.(正)Soastogetthereintime,theystartedearly.(误)二、不定式的复合结构作目的状语当不定式或不定式短语有自己的执行者时,要用不定式的复合结构(即在不定式或不定式短语之前加for+名词或宾格代词)作状语。例如:Heopenedthedoorforthechildrentocomein.ShefetchedseveralbottleswhichsheplacedonthecounterforHarrytoinspect.三、目的状语从句与不定式的转换英语中的目的状语从句,还可以变为不定式或不定式短语作状语,从而使句子在结构上得以简化。可分为两种情况:1.当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语相同时,可以直接简化为不定式或不定式短语作状语。例如:We'llstartearlyinorderthat/sothatwemayarriveintime.We'llstartearlyinorderto/soastoarriveintime.2.当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语不相同时,要用动词不定式的复合结构作状语。例如:Icameearlyinorderthatyoumightreadmyreportbeforethemeeting.Icameearly(inorder)foryoutoreadmyreportbeforethemeeting.",)


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