(沪教版)8年级下册-U3-Grammar

Unit3PassiveVoice(1)被打的豆豆南极大陆上住着一个倒霉蛋，它叫豆豆，那里的企鹅只有三件事要忙，吃饭、睡觉、打豆豆。你看，它总是被打，还不知道是谁打的。Doudouisalwaysbeatenbysomeone.昨天晚上，夜黑风高，它又被打了。Doudouwasbeatenyesterdayevening.明天，豆豆还会面临n顿暴打，可怜的豆豆啊。Tomorrow,Doudouwillbebeatenseveraltimes.可怜的豆豆，已经被这样打了很多年。命运一直没有改变。PoorDoudouhasbeenbeatenformanyyears.随时可能被打的豆豆啊，谁来救救它！PoorDoudoumaybebeatenanytime.定义结构落实与吸收被动语态什么是被动语态？？？被动语态的定义：•英语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两种，即：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，使用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，则使用被动语态。eg.Ibeathim./Heisbeatenbyme.1.定义：被动语态，即不知道动作执行者或强调动作承受者的一种语态。被动语态的结构被动语态的结构：be+p.p.小口诀：汉语加“被”，英语加“be”ThefisharetakenandthrownintoabigbasketbyDamin.Nonetsarerequiredforthistypeoffishing.be有_____、______和______的变化。•一般现在时：am/is/are•一般过去时：was/were人称•一般将来时：willbe•现在完成时：havebeen/hasbeen数时态•情态动词：maybe/canbe/shouldbe…p.p.动词的过去分词（规则动词）•直visit-visited•去•双•改practise-practisedstop-stopped,prefer-preferredstudy-studied,p.p.动词的过去分词（不规则动词）参考P141页（先会读，再默写）•make•study•control•allow•use•invite写出下列动词的过去分词•publish•prefer•clean•stop•complete•give被动语态不同时态的结构:•一现：am/is/are+p.p.•一过：was/were+p.p.•将来：willbe+p.p.•现完：havebeen/hasbeen+p.p.•情态：maybe/canbe/shouldbe…+p.p.强化训练：①一般现在时:主动：Webelievehim.提示：am/is/are+p.p.被动：Heisbelievedbyus.P28我妈妈每天打扫我们的房间。我们的房间每天被妈妈打扫。Mymothercleansourroomseveryday.Ourroomsarecleanedbymymothereveryday.强化训练：②一般过去时:主动：Heboughtacarforhiswife.提示：was/were+p.p.被动：Acarwasboughtforhiswifebyhim.昨天在大街上我被抢劫了。昨天在大街上有一个贼抢劫了我。Athiefrobbedmeonthestreetyesterday.Iwasrobbedbyathiefonthestreetyesterday.强化训练：③一般将来时:主动：Everyonewillknowthetruthsoon.提示：willbe+p.p.被动：Thetruthwillbeknownbyeveryonesoon.明年一座新桥将被建立。明年我市将建立一座新桥。Ourcitywillbuildanewbridgenextyear.Anewbridgewillbebuiltbyourcitynextyear.强化训练：④现在完成时:主动：Hehasreceivedtheletter.提示：havebeen+p.p./hasbeen+p.p.被动：Theletterhasbeenreceivedbyhim.教室已经被女孩打扫完了。女孩已经打扫完了教室。Thegirlhascleanedtheclassroom.Theclassroomhasbeencleanedbythegirl.强化训练：⑤情态动词:主动：Weshouldprotecttheenvironment.提示：canbe+p.p./maybe+p.p./shouldbe+p.p.…被动：Theenvironmentshouldbeprotectedbyus.我们的英语能够在两年之内被提升。我们能够在2年之内提升我们的英语。WecanimproveourEnglishintwoyears.OurEnglishcanbeimprovedbyusintwoyears.知识回顾be+p.p.不同时态的结构:•一现：am/is/are+p.p.•一过：was/were+p.p.•将来：willbe+p.p.•现完：havebeen/hasbeen+p.p.•情态：maybe/canbe/shouldbe…+p.p.落实与吸收()1.Onenight,Iwasattacked___adogonmywayhome.A.byB.withC.forD.of()2.English____inCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken()3.ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung()4.Thiskindofcar___inJapan.A.makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade()5.Newcomputers___allovertheworld.A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused()6.Ourroommust___clean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep()7.Theflowers___often.A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater()8.Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding()9.Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft()10.Hisnewbook___nextmonth.A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublishedUnit3PassiveVoice(2)被动语态的句型肯定句否定句疑问句①一般现在时:am/is/are+p.p.这首诗是John写的。否定句：Thepoemisn'twrittenbyJohn.（be+not）疑问句：IsthepoemwrittenbyJohn?（be提前）肯定句：ThepoemiswrittenbyJohn.②一般过去时:was/were+p.p.房间被清洁过了。否定句：Theroomwasn'tcleaned.（be+not）疑问句：Wasthetheroomcleaned?（be提前）肯定句：Theroomwascleaned.③一般将来时:willbe+p.p.博物馆将被大量人参观。否定句：Themuseumwon'tbevisitedbymanypeople.（willnot=won't）疑问句：Willthemuseumbevisitedbymanypeople?（will提前）肯定句：Themuseumwillbevisitedbymanypeople.④现在完成时:have/hasbeen+p.p.苹果已经被吃光了。否定句：Theappleshavenotbeeneatenup.（havenot=haven't/hasnot=hasn't）疑问句：Havetheapplesbeeneatenup?（have/has提前）肯定句：Theappleshavebeeneatenup.⑤情态动词:can/should/may...be+p.p.车可以停在这里。否定句：Thecarcannotbeparkedhere.（cannot=can't/shouldnot=shouldn't）疑问句：Canthecarbeparkedhere?（can/should/may...提前）肯定句：Thecarcanbeparkedhere.能力拓展不用被动语态的情况①不及物单词和短语：takeplace(发生)，happen(发生)breakdown（发生故障），belongto(属于）我的车昨天在路上抛锚了。eg.Mycarbrokedownontheroadyesterday.(没有被动）②感官动词：smell(闻起来)，taste(尝起来)，sound(听起来)look(看起来),feel(感觉起来)蛋糕尝起来真美味。eg.Thecaketastesdelicious.(没有被动）这个主意听起来真不错。Theideasoundsgreat.(没有被动）③特殊结构:havesth.+p.p.让某事被做我今天去剪头发了。Ihadmyhaircuttoday.落实与吸收1.Drivingafterdrinkingwine______inChina.A.allowsB.doesn'tallowC.isallowedD.isn'tallowed2.___computers______widelyinourdailylife?A.Do;useB.Do;usedC.Were;usedD.Are;used单选3.Hisnewbook______nextmonth.A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished4.-DidyougotoJack'sbirthdayparty?-No,I______.A.amnotinvitedB.wasn'tinvitedC.haven’tinvitedD.didn'tinvite5.Thebook___me50yuan.A.wascostB.costsC.iscostingD,iscost6.-Whatlanguages______inthatcountry?-GermanandEnglish.A.arespeakingB.arespokenC.speakD.isspoken7.Thebreadstill___warmaftertakingoutfor2hours.A.isfeltB.wasfeltC.feelsD.touches8.Annie______totheparty.Shehadawonderfultimewithus.A.invitesB.isinvitedC.wasinvitedD.hasinvited9.Boysandgirls,thebooksinthelibraryshould______goodcareof.A.betakenB.takeC.aretakingD.taken10.Anothertwomonthswillbeneededbeforethenewbridge______.A.completesB.iscompletedC.hascompletedD.willbecompleted1.根据奶奶的建议，这汤应该煮（boil）上两个小时以上。Thesoup________________________formorethantwohoursaccordingtoGrandma.2.这项工程很快就会完成。Theproject________________________soon.完成句子shouldbeboiledwillbefinished3.在中国人民的帮助下，肯尼亚在几个月前建成了一条新的现代化铁路。WiththehelpoftheChinesepeople,anewandmodernrailwayinKenya________________severalmonthsago.4.广州的公园每年都种很多树。Everyyear,alotoftrees________________intheparksinGuangzhou.wasbuiltareplanted5.这所学校没有教授（teach）德语已经很多年了。German________________________formanyyearsinthisschool.6.这份报告必须在两天内完成吗？________thereport________________intwodays?hasn'tbeentaughtMustbefinished恭喜通关成功！