2016年6月英语六级真题(全三套+详细答案)

('......2016年6月英语六级真题第一套PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayontheuseofrobots.Trytoimaginewhatwillhappenwhenmoreandmorerobotstaketheplaceofhumanbeingsinindustryaswellaspeople\'sdailylives.Youarerequriedtowriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A)ProjectorganizerB)Publicrelationsofficer.C)Marketingmanager.D)Marketresearchconsultant.2.A)Quantitativeadvertisingresearch.B)Questionnairedesign.C)Researchmethodology.D)Interviewertraining.3.A)Theyareintensivestudiesofpeople’sspendinghabits.B)Theyexaminerelationsbetweenproducersandcustomers.C)Theylookfornewandeffectivewaystopromoteproducts.D)Theystudytrendsorcustomersatisfactionoveralongperiod.学习参考......4.A)Thelackofpromotionopportunity.B)Checkingchartsandtables.C)Designingquestionnaires.D)Thepersistentintensity.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A)HisviewonCanadianuniversities.B)Hisunderstandingofhighereducation.C)Hissuggestionsforimprovementsinhighereducation.D)HiscomplaintaboutbureaucracyinAmericanuniversities.6.A)Itiswelldesigned.B)Itisratherinflexible.C)Itvariesamonguniversities.D)Ithasundergonegreatchanges.7.A)TheUnitedStatesandCanadacanlearnfromeachother.B)Publicuniversitiesareoftensuperiortoprivateuniversities.C)Everyoneshouldbegivenequalaccesstohighereducation.D)Privateschoolsworkmoreefficientlythanpublicinstitutions.8.A)Universitysystemsvaryfromcountrytocountry.B)Efficiencyisessentialtouniversitymanagement.C)Itishardtosaywhichisbetter,apublicuniversityoraprivateone.D)ManyprivateuniversityintheU.S.Areactuallylargebureaucracies.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.学习参考......9.A)Government’sroleinresolvinganeconomiccrisis.B)TheworseningrealwagesituationaroundtheworldC)IndicationsofeconomicrecoveryintheUnitedStates.D)Theimpactofthecurrenteconomiccrisisonpeople’slife.10.A)Theywillfeellesspressuretoraiseemployees’wages.B)Theywillfeelfreetochoosethemostsuitableemployees.C)Theywillfeelinclinedtoexpandtheirbusinessoperations.D)Theywillfeelmoreconfidentincompetingwiththeirrivals.11.A)Employeesandcompaniescooperatetopullthroughtheeconomiccrisis.B)Governmentandcompaniesjoinhandstocreatehobsfortheunemployed.C)Employeesworkshorterhourstoavoidlayoffs.D)Teamworkwillbeencouragedincompanies.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.12.A)Whethermemorysupplementswork.B)Whetherherbalmedicineworkswonders.C)Whetherexerciseenhancesone’smemory.D)Whetheramagicmemorypromisessuccess.13.A)Theyhelptheelderlymorethantheyoung.B)Theyarebeneficialinonewayoranother.C)Theygenerallydonothavesideeffects.D)Theyarenotbasedonrealscience.14.A)Theyareavailableatmostcountryfairs.B)Theyaretakeninrelativelyhighdosage.C)Theyarecollectedorgrownbyfarmers.D)Theyareprescribedbytrainedpractitioners.15.A)Theyhaveoftenprovedtobeashelpfulasdoingmentalexercise.B)Takingthemwithothermedicationsmightentailunnecessaryrisks.C)Theireffectlastsonlyashorttime.D)Manyhavebenefitedfromthem.学习参考......SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A)Howcatastrophicnaturaldisastersturnouttobetodevelopingnations.B)HowtheWorldMeteorologicalOrganizationstudiesnaturaldisasters.C)Howpowerlesshumansappeartobeinfaceofnaturaldisasters.D)Howthenegativeimpactsofnaturaldisasterscanbereduced.17.A)Bytrainingrescueteamsforemergencies.B)Bytakingstepstopreparepeopleforthem.C)Bychangingpeople’sviewsofnature.D)Byrelocatingpeopletosaferplaces.18.A)Howpreventiveactioncanreducethelossoflife.B)HowcourageousCubansareinfaceofdisasters.C)HowCubanssufferfromtropicalstorms.D)Howdestructivetropicalstormscanbe.Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19.A)PaybacktheirloanstotheAmericangovernment.B)Provideloanstothoseinseverefinancialdifficulty.C)Contributemoretothegoalofawiderrecovery.D)Speeduptheirrecoveryfromthehousingbubble.20.A)Somebanksmayhavetomergewithothers.B)Manysmallerregionalbanksaregoingtofail.C)Itwillbehardforbankstoprovidemoreloans.学习参考......D)Manybankswillhavetolayoffsomeemployees.21.A)Itwillworkcloselywiththegovernment.B)Itwillendeavortowriteoffbadloans.C)Itwilltrytolowertheinterestrate.D)Itwilltrytoprovidemoreloans.22.A)Itwon’thelptheAmericaneconomytoturnaround.B)Itwon’tdoanygoodtothemajorcommercialbanks.C)ItwillwintheapprovaloftheObamaadministration.D)Itwillbenecessaryiftheeconomystartstoshrinkagain.Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.23.A)Beingunabletolearnnewthings.B)Beingratherslowtomakechanges.C)Losingtempermoreandmoreoften.D)Losingtheabilitytogetonwithothers.24.A)Cognitivestimulation.B)Communityactivity.C)Balanceddiet.D)Freshair.25.A)Ignoringthesignsandsymptomsofaging.B)Adoptinganoptimisticattitudetowardslife.C)Endeavoringtogiveupunhealthylifestyles.D)Seekingadvicefromdoctorsfromtimetotime.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitem学习参考......onAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Pursuingacareerisanessentialpartofadolescentdevelopment.“Theadolescentbecomesanadultwhenhe_26_arealjob.”TocognitiveresearcherslikePiaget,adulthoodmeantthebeginningofan_27_.Piagetarguedthatonceadolescentsentertheworldofwork,theirnewlyacquiredabilitytoformhypothesesallowsthemtocreaterepresentationsthataretooideal.The_28_ofsuchideals,withoutthetemperingoftherealityofajoborprofession,rapidlyleadsadolescentstobecome_29_ofthenon-idealisticworldandtopressforreforminacharacteristicallyadolescentway.Piagetsaid:“Trueadaptationtosocietycomes_30_whentheadolescentreformerattemptstoputhisideastowork.”Ofcourse,youthfulidealismisoftencourageous,andnoonelikestogiveupdreams.Perhaps,taken_31_outofcontext,Piaget’sstatementseemsharsh.Whathewas_32_，however,isthewayrealitycanmodifyidealisticviews.Somepeoplerefertosuchmodificationasmaturity.Piagetarguedthatattainingandacceptingavocationisoneofthebestwaystomodifyidealizedviewsandtomature.Ascareersandvocationsbecomelessavailableduringtimesof_33_,adolescentsmaybeespeciallyhardhit.Suchdifficulteconomictimesmayleavemanyadolescents_34_abouttheirrolesinsociety.Forthisreason,communityinterventionsandgovernmentjobprogramsthatoffersummerandvacationworkarenotonlyeconomically_35_butalsohelptostimulatetheadolescent’ssenseofworth.A)automaticallyB)beneficialC)capturingD)confusedE)emphasizingF)entrance学习参考......G)excitedH)existenceI)incidentallyJ)intolerantK)occupationL)promisesM)recessionN)slightlyO)undertakesSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Cansocietiesberichandgreen?[A]“Ifoureconomiesaretoflourish,ifglobalpovertyistobeeliminatedandifthewell-beingoftheworld’speopleenhanced—notjustinthisgenerationbutinsucceedinggenerations—wemustmakesurewetakecareofthenaturalenvironmentandresourcesonwhichoureconomicactivitydepends.”Thatstatementcomesnot,asyoumightimagine,fromastereotypicaltree-hugging,save-the-worldgreenie(环保主义者),butfromGordonBrown,apoliticianwithareputationforrigour,thoroughnessandaboveall,caution.[B]Asurprisingthingforthemanwhorunsoneoftheworld’smostpowerfuleconomiestosay?Perhaps;thoughintherun-uptothefive-yearreviewoftheMillennium(千年的)Goals,heisfarfromalone.Therootsofhisspeech,giveninMarchattheroundtablemeetingofenvironmentandenergyministersfromtheG20groupofnations,stretchbackto1972,andtheUnitedNationsConferenceontheHuman学习参考......EnvironmentinStockholm.[C]“Theprotectionandimprovementofthehumanenvironmentisamajorissuewhichaffectsthewell-beingofpeoplesandeconomicdevelopmentthroughouttheworld,”readthefinaldeclarationfromthisgathering,thefirstofasequencewhichwouldleadtotheRiodeJaneiroEarthSummitin1992andtheWorldDevelopmentSummitinJohannesburgthreeyearsago.[D]HuntthroughthereportspreparedbyUNagenciesanddevelopmentgroups—manyforconferencessuchasthisyear’sMillenniumGoalsreview—andyouwillfindthatthelinkagebetweenenvironmentalprotectionandeconomicprogressisacommonthread.[E]Managingecosystemssustainablyismoreprofitablethanexploitingthem,accordingtotheMillenniumEcosystemAssessment.Butfindinghardevidencetosupportthethesisisnotsoeasy.Thoughtsturnfirsttosomesortofglobalstatistic,someindicatorwhichwouldratethewealthofnationsinbotheconomicandenvironmentaltermsandshowarelationshipbetweenthetwo.[F]Ifsuchanindicatorexists,itiswellhidden.Andonreflection,thisisnotsurprising;thesingleword“environment”hassomanydimensions,andtherearesomanyotherfactorsaffectingwealth—suchastheoildeposits—thatteasingoutasimpleeconomy-environmentrelationshipwouldbealmostimpossible.[G]TheMillenniumEcosystemAssessment,avastfour-yearglobalstudywhichreporteditsinitialconclusionsearlierthisyear,foundreasonstobelievethatmanagingecosystemssustainably—workingwithnatureratherthanagainstit—mightbelessprofitableintheshortterm,butcertainlybringslong-termrewards.[H]AndtheWorldResourcesInstitute(WRI)initsWorldResources2005report,issuedattheendofAugust,producedseveralsuchexamplesfromAfricaandAsia;italsodemonstratedthatenvironmentaldegradationaffectsthepoormorethantherich,aspoorerpeoplederiveamuchhigherproportionoftheirincomedirectlyfromthenaturalresourcesaroundthem.[I]Buttherearealsomanyexamplesofgrowingwealthbytrashingthe学习参考......environment,inrichandpoorpartsoftheworldalike,whetherthroughunregulatedmineralextraction,drasticwateruseforagriculture,slash-and-burnfarming,orfossil-fuel-guzzling(大量消耗)transport.Ofcourse,suchgrowthmaynotpersistinthelongterm—whichiswhatMr.BrownandtheStockholmdeclarationwerebothattemptingtopointout.PerhapsthebestexampleofboomgrowthandbustdeclineistheGrandBanksfishery.Foralmostfivecenturiesaverylargesupplyofcod(鳕鱼)providedabundantrawmaterialforanindustrywhichatitspeakemployedabout40,000people,sustainingentirecommunitiesinNewfoundland.Then,abruptly,thecodpopulationcollapsed.Therewerenolongerenoughfishintheseaforthestocktomaintainitself,letaloneanindustry.Morethanadecadelater,therewasnosignoftheecosystemre-buildingitself.Ithad,apparently,beenfishedoutofexistence;andtheoncemightyNewfoundlandfleetnowgropesaboutfranticallyforcrabontheseafloor.[J]ThereisaviewthatmodernhumansareinevitablysowingtheseedofaglobalGrandBanks-styledisaster.Theideaisthatwearetakingmoreoutofwhatyoumightcalltheplanet’senvironmentalbankbalancethanitcansustain;wearelivingbeyondourecologicalmeans.Onerecentstudyattemptedtocalculatetheextentofthis“ecologicalovershootofthehumaneconomy”,andfoundthatweareusing1.2Earth’s-worthofenvironmentalgoodsandservices—theimplicationbeingthatatsomepointthedebtwillbecalledin,andallthoseservices—thethingswhichtheplanetdoesforusforfree—willgrindtoahalt.[K]Whetherthisisright,andifsowhereandwhentheecologicalaxewillfall,ishardtodeterminewithanyprecision—whichiswhygovernmentsandfinancialinstitutionsareonlybeginningtobringsuchrisksintotheireconomiccalculations.Itisalsothereasonwhydevelopmentagenciesarenotunitedintheirviewofenvironmentalissues;whilesome,liketheWRI,maintainthatenvironmentalprogressneedstogohand-in-handwitheconomicdevelopment,othersarguethatthepriorityistobuildathrivingeconomy,andthenusethewealthcreatedtotackleenvironmentaldegradation.学习参考......[L]Thisviewassumesthatrichsocietieswillinvestinenvironmentalcare.Butisthisright?Dothingsgetbetterorworseaswegetricher?HeretheStockholmdeclarationisambiguous.“Inthedevelopingcountries,”itsays,“mostoftheenvironmentalproblemsarecausedbyunder-development.”Soitissayingthateconomicdevelopmentshouldmakeforacleanerworld?Notnecessarily;“Intheindustralisedcountries,environmentalproblemsaregenerallyrelatedtoindustrialisationandtechnologicaldevelopment,”itcontinues.Inotherwords,poorandrichbothover-exploitthenaturalworld,butfordifferentreasons.It’ssimplynottruethateconomicgrowthwillsurelymakeourworldcleaner.[M]Clearly,richersocietiesareabletoprovideenvironmentalimprovementswhichliewellbeyondthereachofpoorercommunities.Citizensofwealthynationsdemandnationalparks,cleanrivers,cleanairandpoison-freefood.Theyalso,however,usefarmorenaturalresources-fuel,water(allthosebathsandgolfcourses)andbuildingmaterials.[N]Acasecanbemadethatrichnationsexportenvironmentalproblems,themostgraphicexamplebeingclimatechange.Asacountry’swealthgrows,sodoitsgreenhousegasemissions.Thefiguresavailablewillnotbecompletelyaccurate.Measuringemissionsisnotaprecisescience,particularlywhenitcomestoissuessurroundinglanduse;notallnationshavere-leasedup-to-datedata,andinanycase,emissionsfromsomesectorssuchasaviationarenotincludedinnationalstatistics.Butthedataisexactenoughforacleartrendtobeeasilydiscernible.Ascountriesbecomericher,theyproducemoregreenhousegases;andtheimpactofthosegaseswillfallprimarilyinpoorpartsoftheworld.[O]Wealthisnot,ofcourse,theonlyfactorinvolved.TheaverageNorwegianisbetteroffthantheaverageUScitizen,butcontributesabouthalfasmuchtoclimatechange.ButcouldNorwaykeepitsstandardoflivingandyetcutitsemissionstoMoroccanorevenEthiopianlevels?Thatquestion,repeatedacrossadozenenvironmentalissuesandacrossourdiverseplanet,iswhatwillultimatelydeterminewhetherthehumanraceislivingbeyonditsecologicalmeansasitpursueseconomic学习参考......revival.36.Examplesshowthatbothrichandpoorcountriesexploitedtheenvironmentforeconomicprogress.37.Environmentalprotectionandimprovementbenefitpeopleallovertheworld.38.Itisnotnecessarilytruethateconomicgrowthwillmakeourworldcleaner.39.ThecommonthemeoftheUNreportsistherelationbetweenenvironmentalprotectionandeconomicgrowth.40.Developmentagenciesdisagreeregardinghowtotackleenvironmentissueswhileensuringeconomicprogress.41.Itisdifficulttofindsolidevidencetoproveenvironmentalfriendlinessgeneratesmoreprofitsthanexploitingthenaturalenvironment.42.Sustainablemanagementofecosystemswillproverewardinginthelongrun.43.Apoliticiannotedforbeingcautiousassertsthatsustainablehumandevelopmentdependsonthenaturalenvironment.44.Poorcountrieswillhavetobearthecostforrichnations’economicdevelopment.45.OnerecentstudywarnsusofthedangeroftheexhaustionofnaturalresourcesonEarth.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Interactivetelevisionadvertising,whichallowsviewerstousetheirremotecontrolstoclickonadvertisements,hasbeenpushedforyears.Nearlyadecadeago学习参考......itwaspredictedthatviewersof“Friends”,apopularsituationcomedy,wouldsoonbeabletopurchaseasweaterlikeJenniferAniston’swithafewtapsontheirremotecontrol.“It’sbeentheyearofinteractivetelevisionadvertisingforthelasttenortwelveyears,”saysColinDixonofadigital-mediaconsultancy.SothenewsthatCablevision,andAmericancablecompany,wasrollingoutinteractiveadvertisementstoallitscustomersonOctober6thwasgreetedwithsomeskepticism.Duringcommercials,anoverlaywillappearatthebottomofthescreen,promptingviewerstopressabuttontorequestafreesampleororderacatalogue.Cablevisionhopestoallowcustomerstobuythingswiththeirremotecontrolsearlynextyear.Televisionadvertisingcoulddowithaboost.Spendingfellby10%inthefirsthalfoftheyear.Thepopularizationofdigitalvideorecordershascausedadvertiserstoworrythattheircommercialswillbeskipped.SomeareturningtotheInternet,whichischeaperandoffersconcretemeasurementslikeclick-throughrates—especiallyimportantatatimewhenmarketingbudgetsaretight.Withthelaunchofinteractiveadvertising,“manyofthedollarsthatwenttotheInternetwillcomebacktotheTV,”saysDavidKlineofCablevision.Orsotheindustryhopes.Intheory,interactiveadvertisingcanengageviewersinawaythat30-secondspotsdonot.UnileverrecentlyrananinteractivecampaignforitsAxedeodorant(除臭剂)，whichkeptviewersengagedformorethanthreeminutesonaverage.Theamountspentoninteractiveadvertisingontelevisionisstillsmall.Magna,anadvertisingagency,reckonsitwillbeworthabout$138millionthisyear.Thatfallsfarshortofthebillionsofdollarspeopleonceexpectedittogenerate.ButDirecTV,ComcastandTimeWarnerCablehaveallinvestedinit.AneweffortledbyCanoeVentures,acoalitionofleadingcableproviders,aimstomakeinteractiveadvertisingavailableacrossAmericalaterthisyear.BrightLineiTV,Whichdesignsandsellsinteractiveads,saysinteresthassurged:itexpectsitsrevenuesalmosttotriplethisyear.BSkyB,Britain’sbiggestsatellite-televisionservice,alreadyprovides9millioncustomerswithinteractiveads.学习参考......Yettherearedoubtswhetherpeoplewatchingtelevision,a“leanback”medium,craveinteraction.Click-throughrateshavebeenhighsofar(around3-4%,comparedwithlessthan0.3%online),butthatmaybearesultofthenovelty.Interactiveadsandviewersmightnotgowelltogether.46.WhatdoesColinDixonmeanbysaying“It’sbeentheyearofinteractivetelevisionadvertisingforthelasttenortwelveyears”(Lines4-5,Para.1)?A)Interactivetelevisionadvertisingwillbecomepopularin10-12years.B)Interactivetelevisionadvertisinghasbeenunderdebateforthelastdecadeorso.C)Interactivetelevisionadvertisingissuccessfulwhenincorporatedintosituationcomedies.D)Interactivetelevisionadvertisinghasnotachievedtheanticipatedresults.47.Whatisthepublic’sresponsetoCablevision’splannedinteractiveTVadvertisingprogram?A)Prettypositive.B)Totallyindifferent.C)Somewhatdoubtful.D)Rathercritical.48.WhatistheimpactofthewideuseofdigitalvideorecordersonTVadvertising?A)IthasmadeTVadvertisingeasilyaccessibletoviewers.B)Ithelpsadvertiserstomeasuretheclick-throughrates.C)IthasplacedTVadvertisingatagreatdisadvantage.D)Itenablesviewerstocheckthesalesitemswithease.49.WhatdowelearnaboutUnilever’sinteractivecampaign?A)ItprovestheadvantageofTVadvertising.B)Ithasdonewellinengagingtheviewers.C)Ithelpsattractinvestmentsinthecompany.D)ithasboostedtheTVadvertisingindustry.学习参考......50.Howdoestheauthorviewthehithertohighclick-throughrates?A)Theymaybeduetothenovelwayofadvertising.B)Theysignifythepopularityofinteractiveadvertising.C)TheypointtothegrowingcuriosityofTVviewers.D)Theyindicatethefuturedirectionofmediareform.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whatcanbedoneaboutmassunemployment?Allthewiseheadsagree:there’renoquickoreasyanswers.There’sworktobedone,butworkersaren’treadytodoit—they’reinthewrongplaces,ortheyhavethewrongskills,Ourproblemsare“structural,”andwilltakemanyyearstosolve.Butdon’tbotheraskingforevidencethatjustifiesthisbleakview.Thereisn’tany.Onthecontrary,allthefactssuggestthathighunemploymentinAmericaistheresultofinadequatedemand.sayingthatthere’renoeasyanswerssoundswise.Butit’sactuallyfoolish:ourunemploymentcrisiscouldbecuredveryquicklyifwehadtheintellectualclarityandpoliticalwilltoact.Inotherwords,structuralunemploymentisafakeproblem,whichmainlyservesasanexcusefornotpursingrealsolutions.Thefactisjobopeningshaveplungedineverymajorsector,whilethenumberofworkersforcedintopart-timeemploymentinalmostallindustrieshassoared.Unemploymenthassurgedineverymajoroccupationalcategory.Onlythreestates.WithacombinedpopulationnotmuchlargerthanthatofBrooklyn,haveunemploymentratesbelow5%.Sotheevidencecontradictstheclaimthatwe’remainlysufferingfromstructuralunemployment.Why,then,hasthisclaimbecomesopopular?Partoftheansweristhatthisiswhatalwayshappensduringperiodsofhighunemployment—inpartbecauseexpertsandanalystsbelievethatdeclaringtheproblemdeeplyrooted,withnoeasyanswers,makesthemsoundserious.学习参考......I’vebeenlookingatwhatself-proclaimedexpertsweresayingaboutunemploymentduringtheGreatDepression;itwasalmostidenticaltowhatVerySeriousPeoplearesayingnow.Unemploymentcannotbebroughtdownrapidly,declaredone1935analysis,becausetheworkforceis“unadaptableanduntrained.Itcannotrespondtotheopportunitieswhichindustrymayoffer.”Afewyearslater,alargedefensebuildupfinallyprovidedafiscalstimulusadequatetotheeconomy’sneeds—andsuddenlyindustrywaseagertoemploythose“unadaptableanduntrained”workers.Butnow,asthen,powerfulforcesareideologicallyopposedtothewholeideaofgovernmentactiononasufficientscaletojump-starttheeconomy.Andthat,fundamentally,iswhyclaimsthatwefacehugestructuralproblemshavebeenmultiplying:theyofferareasontodonothingaboutthemassunemploymentthatiscripplingouteconomyandoursociety.Sowhatyouneedtoknowisthatthere’snoevidencewhatsoevertobacktheseclaims.Wearen’tsufferingfromashortageofneededskills,We’resufferingfromalackofpolicyresolve.AsIsaid,structuralunemploymentisn’tarealproblem,it’sanexcuse—areasonnottoactonAmerica’sproblemsatatimewhenactionisdesperatelyneeded.51.WhatdoestheauthorthinkistherootcauseofmassunemploymentinAmerica?A)Corporatemismanagement.B)Insufficientdemand.C)Technologicaladvances.D)Workers’slowadaptation.52.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheexperts’claimconcerningunemployment?A)Self-evident.B)Thought-provoking.C)Irrational.学习参考......D)Groundless.53.WhatdoestheauthorsayhelpedbringdownunemploymentduringtheGreatDepression?A)Theboomingdefenseindustry.B)Thewiseheads’benefitpackage.C)Nationwidetrainingofworkers.D)Thoroughrestructuringofindustries.54.Whathascausedclaimsofhugestructuralproblemstomultiply?A)Powerfuloppositiontogovernment’sstimulusefforts.B)VerySeriousPeople’sattempttocrippletheeconomy.C)Evidencegatheredfrommanysectorsoftheindustries.D)Economists’failuretodetecttheproblemsintime.55.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A)Totestifytotheexperts’analysisofAmerica’sproblems.B)Toofferafeasiblesolutiontothestructuralunemployment.C)Toshowtheurgentneedforthegovernmenttotakeaction.D)ToalertAmericanworkerstotheurgencyforadaptation.PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.中国的创新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展。为了在科学技术上尽快赶超世界发达国家，中国近年来大幅度增加了研究开发资金。中国的大学和研究所正在积极开展创新研究。这些研究覆盖了从大数据到生物化学、从新能源到机器人等高科技领域。它们还与各地的科技园合作，使创新成果商业化。与此同时，无论在产品还是商业模式上，中国企业家也在努力争做创新的先锋，以适应国内外消费市场不断变化和增长的需求。参考答案学习参考......参考范文：Itisheldbysomepeoplethatknowledgeispower,especiallyscientificandtechnologicalknowledge.Scienceandtechnologyarethemotivepowerofthesocialdevelopment,whichconstituteaprimaryproductiveforce.TheuseofrobotsistheproduceofdevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyPeople’sviewsontheuseofrobotsvaryfrompersontoperson.Someholdthathumanlifecannotcontinuewithouttheuseofrobots.Formanyyears,humansocietyhasdevelopedwiththeuseofscienceandtechnology.Sothelifewiththeuseofrobotswearelivingnowismoreefficientthanthatofourforefathers.Theygoontopointoutthattheuseofrobotshasbroughtaboutmanychangesinpeople\'slife.Forexample,throughtheuseofrobotscanimprovetheworkefficiencyandavoiddangerouseventshappeninginourlifeinthatwecanrequirerobotstodosomeworkswithdangerinsteadofhumanbeings.Scienceandtechnologyofrobotsarethecrystallizationofhumanwisdom.Itbroughtagloriouspasttohumanity,alsowillbringbrightfuturetomankind.听力答案SectionA1。D)Marketresearchconsultant2。A)Quantitativeadvertisingresearch3。D)Theystudytrendsorcustomersatisfactionoveralongperiod。4。B)Checkingchartsandtables。5。A)HisviewonCanadianuniversities。6。B)Itisratherinflexible。7。C)Everybodyshouldbegivenequalaccesstohighereducation。8。C)Itishardtosaywhichisbetter，apublicuniversityoraprivateuniversity。SectionB9。B)Theworseningrealwagesituationaroundtheworld。学习参考......10。A)Theywillfeellesspressuretoraiseemployees’wages.11。C)Employeesworkshorterhourstoavoidlayoffs。12。A)Whethermemorysupplementswork。13。D)Theyarenotonbasedonrealscience。14。D)Theyareprescribedbytrainedpractitioners。15.B)Takingthemwithothermedicationsmightentailunnecessaryrisks。SectionC16D)Howthenegativeimpactsofnaturaldisasterscanbereduced。17B)Bytakingstepstopreparepeopleforthem。18A)Howpreventiveactioncanreducethelossoflife。19C)Contributemoretothegoalofawiderrecovery20B)Manysmallerregionalbanksaregoingtofail21D)Itwilltrytoprovidemoreloans22D)Itwillbenecessaryiftheeconomystartstoshrinkagain23A)。Beingunabletolearnnewthings。24A)。Cognitivestimulation。25C)。Endeavoringtogiveupunhealthylifestyles。选词填空26.正确选项Oundertakes27.正确选项Koccupation28.正确选项Hexistence29.正确选项Jintolerant30.正确选项Aautomatically31.正确选项Nslightly32.正确选项Eemphasizing33.正确选项Mrecession34.正确选项Dconfused35.正确选项Bbeneficial学习参考......长篇阅读36.正确选项I37.正确选项C38.正确选项L39.正确选项D40.正确选项K41.正确选项E42.正确选项G43.正确选项A44.正确选项N45.正确选项J仔细阅读Passageone46.Cinteractivetelevisionissuccessful47.Csomewhatdoubtful48.CithasplacedTVadvertising49.Bithasdownwellinengagingtheviewer50.AtheymaybeduethenovelwayofadvertisingPassagetwo51.Binsufficientdemand52.Dgroundless53.Atheboomingdefenseindustry54.Apowerfuloppositiontogovernment55.Ctoshowurgentneedforthegovernmenttotakeaction参考译文：China\'sinnovationisflourishingfasterthaneverbefore.Inordertosurpassdevelopedcountriesonscienceandtechnologyassoonaspossible,Chinahassharplyincreasedresearchanddevelopmentfund.Chineseuniversitiesandinstitutesareactivelydoinginnovativeresearches,coveringvariousfieldsofhigh学习参考......technology,frombigdatatobiochemistry,andfromnewenergytorobots.Theyarealsocooperatingwithscienceandtechnologyparksindifferentplaces,soastocommercializetheirfruitsofinnovation.Inthemeantime,toadapttothechangingforeignanddomesticmarket,andtosatisfythegrowingdemand,Chineseentrepreneursarealsomakingpioneeringeffortstoinnovatetheirproductsandbusinessmodels.学习参考......2016年6月英语六级真题第二套PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonlivinginthevirtualworld.Trytoimaginewhatwillhappenwhenpeoplespendmoreandmoretimeinthevirtualworldinsteadofinteractingintherealworld.Youarerequiredtowriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Theroboticsrevolutionissettobringhumansfacetofacewithanoldfear-man-madecreationsassmartandcapableaswearewithoutamoralcompass.Asrobotstakeonevermorecomplexroles,thequestionnaturally_____(27).Whowillberesponsiblewhentheydosomethingwrong?Manufacturers?Users?Softwarewriters?Theanswerdependsontherobot.Robotsalreadysaveustime,moneyandenergy.Inthefuture,theywillimproveourhealthcare,socialwelfareandstandardofliving.The_____(28)ofcomputationalpowerandengineeringadvanceswill_____(29)enablelower-costin-homecareforthedisabled,_____(30)useofdriverlesscarsthatmayreducedrunkanddistracted-drivingaccidentsandcountlesshomeandservice-industryusesfromstreetcleaningtofoodpreparation.Butthereare_____(31)tobeproblems.Robotcarswillcrash.Adrone(遥控飞行学习参考......器)operatorwill_____(32)someone\'sprivacy.Aroboticlawnmower(割草机)willrunoveraneighbor\'scat.Juriessympathetictothe_____(33)ofmachineswillpunishentrepreneurswithcompany-crushing_____(34)anddamagesWhatshouldgovernmentdotoprotectpeoplewhile_____(35),spaceforinnovation?Big.complicatedsystemsonwhichmuchpublicsafetydepends,likedriverlesscars,shouldbebuilt_____(36)andsoldbymanufacturerswhotakeresponsibilityforensuringsafetyandareliableforaccidents.Governmentsshouldsetsafetyrequirementsandthenletinsurerspricetheriskoftherobotsbasedonthemanufacturer\'sdrivingrecord.notthepassenger\'s.A.arisesB.ascendsC.boundD.combinationE.definiteF.eventuallyG.interfereH.invadeI.manifestingJ.penaltiesK.preservingL.programmedM.proximatelyN.victimsO.widespreadSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthe学习参考......questionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.ReformandMedicalCosts[A]Americanaredeeplyconcernedabouttherelentlessriseinhealthcarecostsandhealthinsurancepremiums.Theyneedtoknowifreformwillhelpsolvetheproblem.Theansweristhatnooncehasaneasyfixrisingmedicalcosts.Thefundamentalfix—reshapinghowcareisdeliveredandhowdoctorsarepaidinawasteful,abnormalsystem—islikelytobeaachievedonlythroughtrialandincremental(渐进的)gains.[B]ThegoodnewsisthatabilljustapprovedbytheHouseandabillapprovedbytheSenateFinanceCommitteewouldimplementortestmanyreformsthatshouldhelpslowtheriseinmedicalcostsoverthelongterm.AsreportinTheNewEnglandJournalofMedicineconcluded."PrettymucheveryproposedinnovationfoundinthehealthpolicyIiteraturethesedaysiscontainedinthesemeasures."[C]Medicalspending,whichtypicallyrisesfasterthanwagesandtheoveralleconomy,ispropelledbytwothings:thehighpriceschargedformedicalservicesinthiscountryandthevolumeofunnecessarycaredeliveredbydoctorsandhospitals,whichoftenperformalotmoretestsandtreatmentsthanpatientreallyneeds.[D]HerearesomeoftheimportantproposalsintheHouseandSenatebillstotrytoaddressthoseproblem,andwhyitishardtoknowhowwelltheywillwork.[E]BothbillswouldreducetherateofgrowthinannualMedicarepaymentstohospital,nursinghomesandotherprovidersbyamountscomparabletotheproductivitysavingsroutinelymadeinotherindustrieswiththehelpofnewtechnologiesandnewwaystoorganizework.ThisproposalcouldsaveMedicaremorethan$100billionoverthenextdecade.Ifprivateplansdemandedsimilarproductivitysavingsfromproviders,andrefusedtoletprovidersshiftadditionalcoststothem,thesavingscouldbemuchlarger.CriticssayCongresswillgiveintolobbyistsandletinefficientprovideroffthehook(放过).ThatisfarlesslikelytohappenifCongressalsoadoptsstrong"pay-go"rulesrequiringthatanyincreaseinpaymentstoprovidersbeoffsetbynewtaxesorbudgecuts.[F]TheSenateFinancebillwouldimposeanexcisetax(消费税)onhealthinsurance学习参考......plansthatcostmorethan$8,000foranindividualor$21,000forafamily.ItwouldmostlikelycauseInsurestoredesignplanstofallbeneaththethreshould.Enrolleeswouldhavetopaymoremoneyformanyservicesoutoftheirownpockets,andthatwouldencouragethemtothinktwiceaboutwhetheranexpensiveorredundanttestwasworthit.Economistsprojectthatmostemployerswouldshiftmoneyfromexpensivehealthbenefitsintowages,TheHousebillhasnosimilartax.Thefinallegislationshould.[G]Anydoctorwhohaswrestledwithmultipleformsfromdifferentinsurers,orpatientswhohavetriedtounderstandtheirownparadeofstatements,knowthatsimplificationoughttosavemoney.Whenthehealthinsuranceindustrywasstillcooperatinginreformefforts,itstradegroupofferedtoprovidestandardizedformsforautomatedprocessing.Itestimatedthatstepwouldsavehundredsofbillionsofdollarsoverthenextdecade.Thebillswouldlockthatpledgeintolaw.[H]Thestimuluspackageprovidedmoneytoconverttheinefficient,paper-drivenmedicalsystemtoelectronicrecordsthatcanbeeasilyviewedandtransmitted.Thisrequiresopeninvestmentstohelpdoctorsconvert.Intimeitshouldhelprestraincostsbyeliminatingredundanttest,preventingdruginteractions,andhelpingdoctorsfindthebesttreatments.[I]Virtuallyallexpertsagreethatthefee-for-servicesystem—doctorsarerewardedforthatthecostofcareissohigh.Mostagreethatthesolutionistopushdoctorstoacceptfixedpaymentstocareforaparticularillnessorforapatient\'sneedsoverayear.Nooneknowshowtomakethathappenquickly.ThebillsinbothhouseswouldstartpilotprojectswithinMedicare.Theyincludesuchmeasuresasaccountablecareorganizationstotakechargeofapatient\'sneedswithaneyeonbothcostandquality,andchronicdiseasemanagementtomakesuretheseriouslyill,whoareresponsibleforthebulkofallhealthcarecosts,aretreatedproperly.Forthemostpart,theseexperimentsrelyonincentivepaymentstogetdoctorstotrythem.[J]Testinginnovationsdonogoodunlessthegoodexperimentsareidentifiedandexpandedandthebadonesarcdropped.TheSenatebillwouldcreatean学习参考......independentcommissiontomonitorthepilotprogramsandrecommendchangesinMedicare\'spaymentpoliciestourgeproviderstoadoptreformsthatwork.ThechangeswouldhavetobeapprovedorrejectedasawholebyCongress,makingithardfornarrow-interestlobbiestobendlawmakerstotheirwill.[K]Thebillsinbothchamberswouldcreatehealthinsuranceexchangesonwhichsmallbusinessesandindividualscouldchoosefromanarrayofprivateplansandpossiblyapublicoption.Alltheplanswouldhavetoprovidestandardbenefitpackagesthatwouldbeeasytocompare.Togetaccesstomillionsofnewcustomers,insureswouldhaveastrongincentivetosellontheexchange.Andthehead-to-headcompetitionmightgivethemastrongincentivetolowertheirprices,perhapsbyacceptingslimmerprofitmarginsordemandingbetterdealsfromproviders.[L]Thefinallegislationmightthrowapublicplanintothecompetition,butthankstothefierceoppositionoftheinsuranceindustryandRepublicancritics,itmightnotsavemuchmoney.TheoneintheHousebillwouldhavetonegotiaterateswithproviders,ratherthanusingMedicarerates,asmanyreformerswanted.[M]Thepresident\'sstimuluspackageispumpingmoneyintoresearchtocomparehowwellvarioustreatmentswork.Issurgery,radiationorcarefulmonitoringbestforprostate(前列腺)cancer?Isthelatestandmostexpensivecholesterol-loweringdruganybetterthanitscommoncompetitors?Thependingbillswouldspendadditionalmoneytoacceleratethiseffort.[N]Criticshavechargedthatthissensibleideawouldleadtorationingofcare.(Thatwouldbetrueonlyifyoubelievethatpatientsshouldhaveanunrestrainedrighttotreatmentsproventobeinferior.)Asaresult,thebillsdonotrequires,astheyshould,thattheresultsofthesestudiesbeusedtosetpaymentratesinMedicare.[O]CongressneedstofindthecouragetoallowMedicaretopaypreferentiallyfortreatmentsproventobesuperior.Sometimesthebesttreatmentmightbethemostexpensive.Butoverall,wesuspectthatspendingwouldcomedownthrougheliminationofalotofunnecessaryorevendangeroustestsandtreatments.[P]TheHousebillwouldauthorizethesecretaryofhealthandhumanservicesto学习参考......negotiatedrugpricesinMedicareandMedicaid.Someauthoritativeanalystsdoubtthatthesecretarywouldgetbetterdealsthanprivateinsurersalreadyget.Webelievenegotiationcouldwork.Itdoesinothercountries.[Q]Missingfromthesebillsisanyseriousattempttoreininmalpracticecosts.Malpracticeawardsdodriveupinsurancepremiumsfordoctorsinhigh-riskspecialties,andthereissomeevidencedoctorsengagein"defensivemedicine"byperformingtestsandtreatmentsprimarilytoprovetheyarenotnegligentshouldtheygetsued.36.Withataximposedonexpensivehealthinsuranceplans,mostemployerswilllikelytransfermoneyfromhealthexpensesintowages.37.Changesinpolicywouldbeapprovedorrejectedasawholesothatlobbyistswouldfindithardtoinfluencelawmakers.\'38.ItisnoteasytocurbtherisingmedicalcostsinAmerica.49.Standardizationofformsforautomaticprocessingwillsavealotofmedical40.Republicansandinsuranceindustryarestronglyopposedtothecreationofapublicinsuranceplan.41.Conversionofpapertoelectronicmedicalrecordswillhelpeliminateredundanttestsandpreventdruginteractions.42.Thehighcostofmedicalservicesandunnecessarytestsandtreatmentshavedrivenupmedicalexpenses.43.Onemainfactorthathasdrivenupmedicalexpensesisthatdoctorsarecompensatedfortheamountofcareratherthanitseffect.44.Contrarytoanalysts\'doubts,theauthorbelievesdrugpricesmaybeloweredthroughnegotiation.45.Faircompetitionmightcreateastrongincentiveforinsurerstochargeless.SectionCPassageOneQuestions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.学习参考......Facingwatershortagesandescalatingfertilizercosts,farmersindevelopingcountriesareusingrawsewage(下水道污水)toirrigateandfertilizenearly49millionacresofcropland,accordingtoanewreport-anditmaynotbeabedthing.Whilethepracticecarriesserioushealthrisksformany,thosedangersareoutweighedbythesocialandeconomicgainsforpoorurbanfarmersandconsumerswhoneedaffordablefood."Thereisalargepotentialforwastewateragriculturetobothhelpandhurtgreatnumbersofurbanconsumers,"saidLiqaRaschid-Sally,wholedthestudy.Thereportfocusedonpoorurbanareas,wherefarmsinornearcitiessupplyrelativelyinexpensivefood.Mostoftheseoperationsdrawirrigationwaterfromlocalriversorlakes.Unlikedevelopedcities,however,theseareaslackadvancedwater-treatmentfacilities,andriverseffectivelybecomesewers.(下水道)Whenthiswaterisusedforagriculturalirrigation,farmersriskabsorbingdisease-causingXX,asdoconsumerswhoeattheproducerawandunwashed.Nearly2.2millionpeopledieayearbecauseofdiarrhea-related(与腹泻相关的)diseases,accordingtoWHOstatistics.XXXthan80%ofthosecasescanbeattributedtocontantwithcontaminatedwaterandalackofXXXanitation.ButPayDrechsel,anenvironmentalscientist,arguesthatthesocialandeconomicbenefitsofusinguntreatedhumanwastetogrowfoodoutweighthehealthrisks.Thosedangerscanbeaddressedwithfarmerandconsumereducation,hesaid,whilethefreewaterandnutrientsfromhumanwastecanhelpurbanfarmersindevelopingcountriestoescapepoverty.Agricultureisawater-intensivebusiness,accountingfornearly70%ofglobalfreshwaterconsumption.Inpoor,dryregions,untreatedwastewateristheonlyviableirrigationsourcetokeepfarmersinbusiness.Insomecases,waterissoscarcethatfarmersbreakopensewagepipestransportingwastetolocalrivers.Irrigationistheprimaryagriculturaluseofhumanwasteinthedevelopingworld.Butfrequentlyuntreatedhumanwasteisusedongraincrops,whichareeventually学习参考......cooked,minimizingtheriskoftransmittingwater-bornediseases.Withfertilizerpricesjumpingnearly50%permetrictonoverthelastyearinsomeplaces,humanwasteisanattractive,andoftennecessary,alternative.Incaseswheresewagemudisused,expensivechemicalfertilizeruscanbeavoided.Themudcontainsthesamecriticalnutrients."Overlystrictstandardsoftenfail,"JamesBartram,aWHOwater-healthexpert,said."Weneedtoacceptthatfactacrossmuchoftheplanet,sowastewithlittleornotreatmentwillbeusedinagricultureforgoodreason."46.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheuseofrawsewageforfarming?A.Itsriskscannotbeoverestimated.B.Itshouldbeforbiddenaltogether.C.Itsbenefitsoutweighthehazardsinvolved.D.Itispollutingmillionsofacresofcropland.47.Whatisthemainproblemcausedbytheuseofwastewaterforirrigation?A.Riversandlakesnearbywillgraduallybecomecontaminated.B.Itwilldriveproducersofchemicalfertilizersoutofbusiness.C.Farmersandconsumersmaybeaffectedbyharmfulbacteria.D.Itwillmakethefarmproducelesscompetitiveonthemarket.48.WhatisenvironmentalscientistPayDrechsel\'sattitudetowardstheuseofuntreatedhumanwasteinagriculture?A.Favorable.B.Indifferent.C.Skeptical.D.Responsible.49.WhatdoesPayDreschselthinkoftherisksinvolvedinusinguntreatedhumanwasteforfarming?A.Theyhavebeensomewhatexaggerated.B.Theycanbedealtwiththrougheducation.C.Theywillbeminimizedwithnewtechnology.学习参考......D.Theycanbeaddressedbyimprovedsanitation.50.WhatdowelearnaboutJamesBartram\'spositionontheuseofhumanwasteforfarming?A.HeechoesPayDrechsel\'sopinionontheissue.B.HechaltengesLiqaRaschid-Sally\'sconclusionC.Hethinksittheonlywayoutofthecurrentfooderisis.D.Hedeemsitindispensableforcombatingglobalpoverty.PassageTwoThesedays,nobodyneedstocook.Familiesgrazeonhigh-cholesteroltake-awaysandmicrowavedready-meals.Cookingisanoccasionalhobbyandavehicleforcelebritychefs.Whichmakesitoddthatthekitchenhasbecometheheartofthemodernhouse,whatthegreathallwastothemedievalcastle,thekitchenistothe21st-centuryhome.Themoneyspentonkitchenshasrisenwiththeirstatus.InAmericathekitchenmarketisnowworth$170billion,fivetimesthecountry\'sfilmindustry.IntheyeartoAugust2007,IKEA,aSwedishfurniturechain,soldoveronemillionkitchensworldwide.Theaveragebudgetfora"major"kitchenoverhaulin2006,calculatesRemodelingmagazing,wasastaggering$54,000,evena"minor"improvementcostonaverage$18,000.Exclusivity,morefamiliarintheworldofhighfashion,hasreachedthekitchen:Robinson&Cornish,aBritishmanufacturerofcustom-madekitchens,offersaGeorgian-styleonewhichwouldcost£145,000-155,000—excludingbuilding,plumbingandelectricalwork.Itsbigsellingpointisthatnobodyelsewillhaveit:"Youwon\'tseethiskitchenanywhereelseintheword."Theelevationoftheroomthatoncebelongedonlytotheservantsforthemodemfamilytellsthestoryofacenturyofsocialchange.Rightintotheearly20thcentury,kitchensweresmoky,noisyplaces,generallylocatedunderground,ortothebackofthehouse,asfarfromlivingspaceaspossible.Thatwasasitshouldbe:kitchens学习参考......wereforservants,andtheaspiringmiddleclasseswantednothingtodowiththem.Butastheworkingclassesprosperedandtheservantshortagesetin,housekeepingbecameanatterofinteresttotheeducatedclasses.OneofthepioneersofaradicalnewwayofthinkingaboutthekitchenwasCatharineEstherBeecher,sisterofHarrietBeecherStowe.InAmericanhuman\'sHome、publishedin1869,theBeechersistersrecommendedascientificapproachtouseholdmanagement,designedtoenhancetheefficiencyofawoman\'sworkandpromoteorder.ManycontemporaryideasaboutkitchendesigncanbetracedbacktoanotherAmerican,ChrisFrederick,whosetaboutenhancingtheefficiencyofthehousewife.Her1919work,House-Engineering:ScientificManagementintheHome,wasbasedondetailedobservationofawife\'sdailyroutine.SheborrowedthePrincipleofefficiencyonthefactoryfloorandappliedmestictasksonthekitchenfloor.Frederick\'scentralidea,that"stove,sinkandkitchentablemustbeplacedinsucharelationthatuselessstepsareavoidedentirely".Inspiredthefirstfullyfittedkitchen,designedinthe1920sbyMangareteSchutter.Libotsky.Itwasamodernisttriumph,andmanyelementsremaincentralfeaturesoftoday\'skitchen.51.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthekitchenoftoday?A.Itiswherehousewivesdisplaytheircookingskills.B.Itiswherethefamilyentertainsimportantguests.C.Ithasbecomesomethingoddinamodernhouse.D.Itisregardedasthecenterofamodernhome.52.WhydoestheGeorgian-stylekitchensellataveryhighprice?A.Itisbelievedtohavetremendousartisticvalue.B.Noduplicateistobefoundinanyotherplace.C.ItismanufacturedbyafamousBritishcompany.D.Noothermanufacturercanproduceanythinglikeit.53.Whatdoesthechangeinthestatusofthekitchenreflect?A.Improvedlivingconditions.B.Technologicalprogress.学习参考......C.Women\'selevatedstatus.D.Socialchange.54.WhatwastheBeechersisters\'ideaofakichen?A.Aplacewherewomencouldworkmoreefficiently.B.Aplacewherehightechnologycouldbeapplied.C.Aplaceofinteresttotheeducatedpeople.D.Aplacetoexperimentwithnewideas.55.Whatdowelearnabouttoday\'skitchen?A.Itrepresentstherapidtechnologicaladvanceinpeople\'sdailylife.B.Manyofitscentralfeaturesarenodifferentfromthoseofthe1920s.C.Ithasbeentransformedbeyondrecognition.D.Manyofitsfunctionshavechangedgreatly.PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.深圳是中国广东省一座新开发的城市。在改革开放之前，深圳不过是一个渔村，仅有三万多人。20世纪80年代，中国政府创建了深圳经济特区，作为实施社会主义市场经济的试验田。如今，深圳的人口已超过1,000万，整个城市发生了巨大的变化。到2014年，深圳的人均（per-capita）GDP已达25,000美元，相当于世界上一些发达国家的水平。就综合经济实力而言，深圳居于中国顶尖城市之列。由于其独特的地位，深圳也是国内外企业家创业的理想之地。参考答案参考范文：Wehavetoadmitthattheimpactoftechnologyonsocietyisunquestionable.WhetherconsideringtheTVorthecomputers,technologyhashadahugeimpactonsociety.Whilenoteveryadvancehasbeenbeneficial,therehavebeenmanypositiveeffectsoftechnology.Theinternetisonetypicalexample.Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,theworldisnolongerwhatit学习参考......usedtobe.Buttheabilityofcommunicationisasignificantskillwhichshouldbecultivatedifwewanttosurviveandsucceedintheworld.Butthewayofcommunicationwithpeoplehaschangeddramatically.Almosteveryonetodayhasacomputer,andusesittocommunicatewiththeirfriends,family,andevenbusiness.Thevirtualworldcommunicationhaschangedthewaythatpeoplecommunicate.Sincecommunicationbetweenpeopleintherealworldisofutmostimportance,lackofcommunicationwillleadtoperishofhumanbeings.Throughcommunicationintherealworld,mutualunderstandingcanbepromotedandfosteredbetweenpeople,whichcannotbereplacedbythevirtualcommunication.选词填空答案26.正确选项Arises27.正确选项Dcombination28.正确选项Feventually29.正确选项Owidespread30.正确选项Cbound31.正确选项Hinvade32.正确选项Nvictims33.正确选项Jpenalties34.正确选项Kpreserving35.正确选项Lprogrammed段落匹配答案ReformandMedicalCosts36.正确选项F37.正确选项J38.正确选项A39.正确选项G40.正确选项L41.正确选项H学习参考......42.正确选项C43.正确选项I44.正确选项P45.正确选项K仔细阅读答案46.正确选项CItbenefitsoutweighthehazardsinvolved47.正确选项CFarmersandconsumersmaybeaffectedbyharmfulbacteria.48.正确选项AFavorable49.正确选项BTheycanbedealtwiththrougheducation.50.正确选项AHeechoesPayDrechsel’sopinionontheissue.51.正确选项DItisregardedasthecenterofmodernhome.52.正确选项BNoduplicateistobefoundinanyotherplace.53.正确选项Dsocialchange54.正确选项AAplacewherewomencouldworkmoreefficiently.55.正确选项BManyofitscentralfeaturesarenodifferentfromthoseofthe1920s.参考译文：Shenzhenisanewly-developedcityinGuangdongprovince,ChinaBeforetheimplementationofreformandopening-uppolicy,itwasbutafishingvillageonlywithapopulationofover30thousandInthe1980s,ChinesegovernmentestablishedShenzhenSpecialEconomicZoneastheexperimentalplotfortheimplementationofsocialistmarketeconomy.Currently,thepopulationofShenzhenhasexceeded10millionandthewholecityhasundergonetremendouschanges.By2014,theper-capitaGDPofShenzhenhasreached25thousanddollars,equivalenttothatofsomedevelopedcountriesintheworld.Asfarasitsoveralleconomicpowerisconcerned,ShenzhenislistedamongthetopcitiesinChina.Duetoitsuniquestatus,itisalsoanidealplacefortheentrepreneursathomeandabroadtostarttheirbusinesses.学习参考......另：第三套作文和翻译真题作文真题：Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonE-learning,trytoimaginewhatwillhappenwhenmoreandmorepeoplestudyon-lineinsteadofgoingtoschool.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.参考范文：Currently,anincreasingnumberofpeoplebegintouseInternettotakecoursesandacquireknowledge.Onlinelearningisboomingallaroundtheworld.Itisprovidingmanyoptionswithlearnersintermsoftime,locations,subjectsandcosts.Onlinelearninggreatlypromoteslearners’studyingefficiencyandteachers’productivity.Asaresult,updatedknowledgewillreachthosestudentsinisolatedareasatahigherspeed,whichcanmakemanyofthemkeeppacewiththetime.Additionally,studentscandecidetheirlearninglocationandtimemuchmorefreely.Notably,becausetransportationandaccommodationwillnottroubleE-learners,learningcostwillbelargelylowered.Theseadvantagesmightdecreasethenumberofpeoplewhoroutinelyattendschoollearning.Frommypointofview,personalinteractionbetweenteachersandstudentsinschoolsisirreplaceable.ItisagoodideathatwecombineE-learningandattendingschooltogether.Learningisnotasimplemultiplechoicequestionbutanimportant学习参考......issuethatneedsyourtryingandinvolvement.翻译真题：旗袍(qipao)是一种雅致的中国服装,源于中国的满族(ManchuNationality)。在清代,旗袍是王室女性穿着的宽松长袍。上世纪20年代，受西方服饰的影响，旗袍发生了一些变化。袖口（cuffs）变窄，袍身变短。这些变化使女性美得以充分展现。如今，旗袍经常出现在世界级的时装秀上。中国女性出席重要社交聚会时，旗袍往往是她们的首选。很多中国新娘也会选择旗袍作为结婚礼服。一些有影响的人士甚至建议将旗袍作为中国女性的民族服饰。参考译文：Qipao,anexquisiteChineseclothing,originatesfromChina\'sManchuNationality.IntheQingDynasty,itwasalooserobefortheroyalwomen.Inthe1920s,influencedbyWesternclothing,itwentthroughmanychanges.Forexample,thecuffswentnarrower,andthedressgotshorter.ThesechangesenabledQipaotofullyelaboratewomen’sbeauty.Nowadays,Qipaoquiteoftenappearsonworldclassfashionshows.ItisusuallythefirstchoiceforChinesewomenastheyattendsocialparties.Meanwhile,manyChinesebrideswillselectitastheirweddingdress.SomeinfluentialpersonalitiesevensuggestmakingitasthenationalcostumeforChinesewomen.学习参考......2016年6月大学英语六级真题第三套Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayone-learning.Trytoimaginewhatwillhappenwhenmoreandmorestudyonlineinsteadofattendingschool.Youarerequiredtowriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswer.fromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A)Itisadvertisingelectronicproducts.B)ItisplanningtotourEastAsia.C)ItissponsoringaTVprogramme.D)Itisgivingperformancesintown.2.A)20,000pounds.B)12,000pounds.C)Lessthan20,000pounds.D)Lessthan12,000pounds.3.A)Alotofgoodpublicity.B)Talentedartiststoworkforit.C)Long-terminvestments.D)Adecreaseinproductioncosts.4.A)Promiselong-termcooperationwiththeCompany.B)Explainfranklytheirowncurrentfinancialsituation.C)Payfortheprintingoftheperformanceprogramme.D)BearthecostofpublicisingtheCompany\'sperformance.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A)Hehasbeenseeingdoctorsandcounsellors.学习参考......B)Hehasfoundanewwaytotrainhisvoice.C)Hewascaughtabusingdrugs.D)Hemightgiveupconcerttours.6.A)Singersmaybecomeaddictedtoit.B)Ithelpssingerswarmthemselvesup.C)Singersuseittostayawayfromcolds.D)Itcandoharmtosingers\'vocalchords.7.A)Theyareeagertobecomefamous.B)Manylackprofessionaltraining.C)Fewwillbecomesuccessful.D)Theyliveaglamorouslife.8.A)Harmtosingersdonebysmokyatmospheres.B)Sideeffectsofsomecommondrugs.C)Voiceproblemsamongpopsingers.D)Hardshipsexperiencedbymanyyoungsingers.SectionBDirections:聽Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions9to12arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)Ithasnotbeenverysuccessful.B)Ithaslongbecomeanewtrend.C)Ithasmetwithstrongresistance.D)Ithasattractedalotofusers.10.A)Itsavestime.B)Itincreasesparkingcapacity.C)Itensuresdrivers\'safety.D)Itreducescardamage.11.A)Collectmoneyandhelpnewusers.B)Maintaintheautomatedsystem.C)Stayalerttoanyemergency.D)Walkaroundandguardagainstcartheft.学习参考......12.A)Theywillvarywiththesizeofvehicles.B)Theywillbediscountabletoregularcustomers.C)Theywillbelowerthanconventionalparking.D)Theywillbereducedifpaidincash.PassageTwoQuestions13to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.13.A)Theydonotknowanysolution.B)Theydonotgiveupdrunkdriving.C)Theydonotbehaveinpublicplaces.D)Theydonotadmitbeingalcoholaddicts.14.A)Tostopthemfromfightingback.B)Tothankthemfortheirhospitality.C)ToteachthemtheEuropeanlifestyle.D)Torelievetheirpainsandsufferings.15.A)Withoutinterventiontheywillbeaheadachetothenation.B)Withsupporttheycanbebroughtbacktoanormallife.C)Theyreadilyrespondtomedicaltreatment.D)Theyposeaseriousthreattosocialstability.SectionCDirections:聽Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.RecordingOneQuestions16to19arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A)Toawardthemfortheirhardwork.B)Tobuildcommonviews.C)Tobringinbusinessprojects.D)Tovoteforaction.17.A)RecoveringfromtheGreatRecession.B)Creatingjobsandboostingtheeconomy.C)Rewardinginnovativebusinesses.D)Launchingeconomiccampaigns.学习参考......18.A)Talkingoverpayingoffdeficit.B)Increasingthenumberofmiddleclass.C)Controllingtheimpactoneducation.D)Planningtoreduceenergyconsumption.19.A)ShortenAmerica\'swaytoprosperity.B)Becautiousaboutreducingthedeficit.C)Increasedeficittocovertherevenue.D)Requiretherichesttopaymoretaxes.RecordingTwoQuestions20to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.20.A)Theycanberedeemedforcash.B)Theycanbeusedtoreducemealcosts.C)Theycanbeusedasmembershipcertificate.D)Theycanbeusedtomakereservations.21.A)Itisfreeforustodownloadtheapp.B)Ithelpsyoutobeaprofessionalcook.C)Itprovidesadviceaboutmakingrecipes.D)Itonlyratesrecipesbypopularity.22.A)Byshowingtheweightof200kindsoffood.B)Byprovidingthepriceof200caloriesoffood.C)Bypicturingthefoodof200calorieswithweights.D)Bytellingpeople200kindsofhealthyfood.RecordingThreeQuestions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.23.A)About43percentofAmericanadults.B)About18percentofthewholepopulation.C)About40millionAmericanadults.D)AboutahalfmillionpeopleinAmerica.24.A)Tosetaseriesofbansonpublicsmoking.B)Tosetthepriceofcigarettesproperly.C)Topackagethecigaretteswithtipsofwarning.D)Toreducetheproductionandsupplyofcigarettes.25.A)TheofficeoftheSurgeonGeneral.B)TheFoodandDrugAdministration.学习参考......C)TheCenterforTobaccoProducts.D)TheCenterforDiseaseControlandPrevention.SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemon,AnswerStreet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Pursuingacareerisanessentialpartofadolescentdevelopment."Theadolescentbecomesanadultwhenhe26__________arealjob."TocognitiveresearcherslikePiaget,adulthoodmeantthebeginningofan27__________.Piagetarguedthatonceadolescentsentertheworldofwork,theirnewlyacquiredabilitytoformhypothesesallowsthemtocreaterepresentationsthataretooideal.The28__________ofsuchideals,withoutthetemperingoftherealityofajoborprofession,rapidlyleadsadolescentstobecome29__________ofthenon-idealisticworldandtopressforreforminacharacteristicallyadolescentway.Piagetsaid:"Trueadaptationtosocietycomes30__________whentheadolescentreformerattemptstoputhisideastowork."Ofcourse,youthfulidealismisoftencourageous,andnoonelikestogiveupdreams.Perhaps,taken31__________outofcontext,Piaget\'sstatementseemsharsh.Whathewas32__________,however,isthewayrealitycanmodifyidealisticviews.Somepeoplerefertosuchmodificationasmaturity.Piagetarguedthatattainingandacceptingavocationisoneofthebestwaystomodifyidealizedviewsandtomature.Ascareersandvocationsbecomelessavailableduringtimesof33__________,adolescentsmaybeespeciallyhardhit.Suchdifficulteconomictimesmayleavemanyadolescents34__________abouttheirrolesinsociety.Forthisreason,communityinterventionsandgovernmentjobprogramsthatoffersummerandvacationworkarenotonlyeconomically__35__butalsohelptostimulatetheadolescent\'ssenseofworth.A.automaticallyB.beneficialC.capturingD.confusedE.emphasizingF.entranceG.excited学习参考......H.existenceI.incidentallyJ.intolerantK.occupationL.promisesM.recessionN.slightlyO.undertakesSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Cansocietiesberichandgreen?[A]oureconomiesaretoflourish,ifglobalpovertyistobeeliminatedandifthewell-beingoftheworld\'speopleenhanced—notjustinthisgenerationbutinsucceedinggenerations—wemustmakesurewetakecareofthenaturalenvironmentandresourcesonwhichoureconomicactivitydepends."Thatstatementcomesnot,asyoumightimagine,fromastereotypicaltree-hugging,save-the-worldgreenie(环保主义者),butfromGordonBrown,apoliticianwithareputationforrigour,thoroughnessandaboveall,caution.[B]Asurprisingthingforthemanwhorunsoneoftheworld\'smostpowerfuleconomiestosay?Perhaps;thoughintherun-uptothefive-yearreviewoftheMillennium(千年的）Goals,heisfarfromalone.Therootsofhisspeech,giveninMarchattheroundtablemeetingofenvironmentandenergyministersfromtheG20groupofnations,stretchbackto1972,andtheUnitedNationsConferenceontheHumanEnvironmentinStockholm.[C]"Theprotectionandimprovementofthehumanenvironmentisamajorissuewhichaffectsthewell-beingofpeoplesandeconomicdevelopmentthroughouttheworld,"readthefinaldeclarationfromthisgathering,thefirstofasequencewhichwouldleadtotheRiodeJaneiroEarthSummitin1992andtheWorldDevelopmentSummitinJohannesburgthreeyearsago.[D]HuntthroughthereportspreparedbyUNagenciesanddevelopmentgroups—manyforconferencessuchasthisyear\'sMillenniumGoalsreview—andyouwillfindthatthelinkagebetweenenvironmentalprotectionandeconomicprogressisacommonthread.[E]Managingecosystemssustainablyismoreprofitablethanexploitingthem,accordingtotheMillenniumEcosystemAssessment.Butfindinghardevidencetosupportthethesisisnotsoeasy.Thoughtsturnfirsttosomesortofglobalstatistic,someindicatorwhichwouldratethewealthofnationsinbotheconomicandenvironmentaltermsandshowarelationshipbetweenthe学习参考......two.[F]Ifsuchanindicatorexists,itiswellhidden.Andonreflection,thisisnotsurprising;thesingleword"environment"hassomanydimensions,andtherearesomanyotherfactorsaffectingwealth—suchastheoildeposits—thatteasingoutasimpleeconomy-environmentrelationshipwouldbealmostimpossible.[G]TheMillenniumEcosystemAssessment,avastfour-yearglobalstudywhichreporteditsinitialconclusionsearlierthisyear,foundreasonstobelievethatmanagingecosystemssustainably—workingwithnatureratherthanagainstit—mightbelessprofitableintheshortterm,butcertainlybringslong-termrewards.[H]AndtheWorldResourcesInstitute(WRI)initsWorldResources2005report,issuedattheendofAugust,producedseveralsuchexamplesfromAfricaandAsia;italsodemonstratedthatenvironmentaldegradationaffectsthepoormorethantherich,aspoorerpeoplederiveamuchhigherproportionoftheirincomedirectlyfromthenaturalresourcesaroundthem.[I]Buttherearealsomanyexamplesofgrowingwealthbytrashingtheenvironment,inrichandpoorpartsoftheworldalike,whetherthroughunregulatedmineralextraction,drasticwateruseforagriculture,slash-and-burnfarming,orfossil-fuel-guzzling(大量消耗)transport.Ofcourse,suchgrowthmaynotpersistinthelongterm—whichiswhatMr.BrownandtheStockholmdeclarationwerebothattemptingtopointout.PerhapsthebestexampleofboomgrowthandbustdeclineistheGrandBanksfishery.Foralmostfivecenturiesaverylargesupplyofcod(鳕鱼)providedabundantrawmaterialforanindustrywhichatitspeakemployedabout40,000people,sustainingentirecommunitiesinNewfoundland.Then,abruptly,thecodpopulationcollapsed.Therewerenolongerenoughfishintheseaforthestocktomaintainitself,letaloneanindustry.Morethanadecadelater,therewasnosignoftheecosystemre-buildingitself.Ithad,apparently,beenfishedoutofexistence;andtheoncemightyNewfoundlandfleetnowgropesaboutfranticallyforcrabontheseafloor.[J]ThereisaviewthatmodemhumansareinevitablysowingtheseedsofaglobalGrandBanks-styledisaster.Theideaisthatwearetakingmoreoutofwhatyoumightcalltheplanet\'senvironmentalbankbalancethanitcansustain;wearelivingbeyondourecologicalmeans.Onerecentstudyattemptedtocalculatetheextentofthis"ecologicalovershootofthehumaneconomy",andfoundthatweareusing1.2Earth\'s-worthofenvironmentalgoodsandservices—theimplicationbeingthatatsomepointthedebtwillbecalledin,andallthoseservices—thethingswhichtheplanetdoesforusforfree-willgrindtoahalt.[K]Whetherthisisright,andifsowhereandwhentheecologicalaxewillfall,ishardtodeterminewithanyprecision—whichiswhygovernmentsandfinancialinstitutionsareonlybeginningtobringsuchrisksintotheireconomiccalculations.Itisalsothereasonwhydevelopmentagenciesarenot学习参考......unitedintheirviewofenvironmentalissues;whilesome,liketheWRI,maintainthatenvironmentalprogressneedstogohand-in-handwitheconomicdevelopment,othersarguethatthepriorityistobuildathrivingeconomy,andthenusethewealthcreatedtotackleenvironmentaldegradation.[L]Thisviewassumesthatrichsocietieswillinvestinenvironmentalcare.Butisthisright?Dothingsgetbetterorworseaswegetricher?HeretheStockholmdeclarationisambiguous."Inthedevelopingcountries,"itsays,"mostoftheenvironmentalproblemsarecausedbyunder-development."Soitissayingthateconomicdevelopmentshouldmakeforacleanerworld?Notnecessarily;"Intheindustrializedcountries,environmentalproblemsaregenerallyrelatedtoindustrialisationandtechnologicaldevelopment,"itcontinues.Inotherwords,poorandrichbothover-exploitthenaturalworld,butfordifferentreasons.It\'ssimplynottruethateconomicgrowthwillsurelymakeourworldcleaner.[M]Clearly,richersocietiesareabletoprovideenvironmentalimprovementswhichliewellbeyondthereachofpoorercommunities.Citizensofwealthynationsdemandnationalparks,cleanrivers,cleanairandpoison-freefoodTheyalso,however,usefarmorenaturalresources—fuel,water(allthosebathsandgolfcourses)andbuildingmaterials.[N]Acasecanbemadethatrichnationsexportenvironmentalproblems,themostgraphicexamplebeingclimatechange.Asacountry\'swealthgrows,sodoitsgreenhousegasemissions.Thefiguresavailablewillnotbecompletelyaccurate.Measuringemissionsisnotaprecisescience,particularlywhenitcomestoissuessurroundinglanduse;notallnationshavereleasedup-to-datedata,andinanycase,emissionsfromsomesectorssuchasaviationarenotincludedinnationalstatistics.Butthedataisexactenoughforacleartrendtobeeasilydiscernible.Ascountriesbecomericher,theyproducemoregreenhousegases;andtheimpactofthosegaseswillfallprimarilyinpoorpartsoftheworld.[O]Wealthisnot,ofcourse,theonlyfactorinvolved.TheaverageNorwegianisbetteroffthantheaverageUScitizen,butcontributesabouthalfasmuchtoclimatechange.ButcouldNorwaykeepitsstandardoflivingandyetcutitsemissionstoMoroccanorevenEthiopianlevels?Thatquestion,repeatedacrossadozenenvironmentalissuesandacrossourdiverseplanet,iswhatwillultimatelydeterminewhetherthehumanraceislivingbeyonditsecologicalmeansasitpursueseconomicrevival.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。36.Examplesshowthatbothrichandpoorcountriesexploitedtheenvironmentforeconomicprogress.37.Environmentalprotectionandimprovementbenefitpeopleallovertheworld.学习参考......38.Itisnotnecessarilytruethateconomicgrowthwillmakeourworldcleaner.39.ThecommonthemeoftheUNreportsistherelationbetweenenvironmentalprotectionandeconomicgrowth.40.Developmentagenciesdisagreeregardinghowtotackleenvironmentissueswhileensuringeconomicprogress.41.Itisdifficulttofindsolidevidencetoproveenvironmentalfriendlinessgeneratesmoreprofitsthanexploitingthenaturalenvironment.42.Sustainablemanagementofecosystemswillproverewardinginthelongrun.43.Apoliticiannotedforbeingcautiousassertsthatsustainablehumandevelopmentdependsonthenaturalenvironment.44.Poorcountrieswillhavetobearthecostforrichnations\'seconomicdevelopment.45.OnerecentstudywarnsusofthedangeroftheexhaustionofnaturalresourcesonEarth.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA.,B.,C.andD..YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Interactivetelevisionadvertising,whichallowsviewerstousetheirremotecontrolstoclickonadvertisements,hasbeenpushedforyears.Nearlyadecadeagoitwaspredictedthatviewersof"Friends",apopularsituationcomedy,wouldsoonbeabletopurchaseasweaterlikeJenniferAniston\'swithafewtapsontheirremotecontrol."It\'sbeentheyearofinteractivetelevisionadvertisingforthelasttenortwelveyears,"saysColinDixonofadigital-mediaconsultancy.SothenewsthatCablevision,anAmericancablecompany,wasrollingoutinteractiveadvertisementstoallitscustomersonOctober6thwasgreetedwithsomeskepticism.Duringcommercials,anoverlaywillappearatthebottomofthescreen,promptingviewerstopressabuttontorequestafreesampleororderacatalogue.Cablevisionhopestoallowcustomerstobuythingswiththeirremotecontrolsearlynextyear.Televisionadvertisingcoulddowithaboost.Spendingfellby10%inthefirsthalfoftheyear.Thepopularizationofdigitalvideorecordershascausedadvertiserstoworrythattheircommercialswillbeskipped.SomeareturningtotheInternet,whichischeaperandoffersconcretemeasurementslikeclick-学习参考......throughrates—especiallyimportantatatimewhenmarketingbudgetsaretight.Withthelaunchofinteractiveadvertising,"manyofthedollarsthatwenttotheInternetwillcomebacktotheTV,"saysDavidKlineofCablevision.Orsotheindustryhopes.Intheory,interactiveadvertisingcanengageviewersinawaythat30-secondspotsdonotUnileverrecentlyrananinteractivecampaignforitsAxedeodorant(除臭剂）,whichkeptviewersengagedformorethanthreeminutesonaverage.Theamountspentoninteractiveadvertisingontelevisionisstillsmall.Magna,anadvertisingagency,reckonsitwillbeworthabout$138millionthisyear.Thatfallsfarshortofthebillionsofdollarspeopleonceexpectedittogenerate.ButDirecTV,ComcastandTimeWarnerCablehaveallinvestedinit.AneweffortledbyCanoeVentures,acoalitionofleadingcableproviders,aimstomakeinteractiveadvertisingavailableacrossAmericalaterthisyear.BrightLineiTV,whichdesignsandsellsinteractiveads,saysinteresthassurged:itexpectsitsrevenuesalmosttotriplethisyear.BSkyB,Britain\'sbiggestsatellite-televisionservice,alreadyprovides9millioncustomerswithinteractiveads.Yettherearedoubtswhetherpeoplewatchingtelevision,a"leanback"medium,craveinteraction.Click-throughrateshavebeenhighsofar(around3-4%,comparedwithlessthan0.3%online),butthatmaybearesultofthenovelty.Interactiveadsandviewersmightnotgowelltogether.46.WhatdoesColinDixonmeanbysaying"It\'sbeentheyearofinteractivetelevisionadvertisingforthelasttenortwelveyears(Lines4-5,Para.1)?A.Interactivetelevisionadvertisingwillbecomepopularin10-12years.B.Interactivetelevisionadvertisinghasbeenunderdebateforthelastdecadeorso.C.Interactivetelevisionadvertisingissuccessfulwhenincorporatedintosituationcomedies.D.Interactivetelevisionadvertisinghasnotachievedtheanticipatedresults.47.Whatisthepublic\'sresponsetoCablevision\'splannedinteractiveTVadvertisingprogram?A.Prettypositive.B.Totallyindifferent.C.Somewhatdoubtful.D.Rathercritical.48.WhatistheimpactofthewideuseofdigitalvideorecordersonTVadvertising?A.IthasmadeTVadvertisingeasilyaccessibletoviewers.B.Ithelpsadvertiserstomeasuretheclick-throughrates.C.IthasplacedTVadvertisingatagreatdisadvantage.D.Itenablesviewerstocheckthesalesitemswithease.49.WhatdowelearnaboutUnilever\'sinteractivecampaign?学习参考......A.ItprovestheadvantageofTVadvertising.B.Ithasdonewellinengagingtheviewers.C.Ithelpsattractinvestmentsinthecompany.D.IthasboostedtheTVadvertisingindustry.50.Howdoestheauthorviewthehithertohighclick-throughrates?A.Theymaybeduetothenovelwayofadvertising.B.Theysignifythepopularityofinteractiveadvertising.C.TheypointtothegrowingcuriosityofTVviewers.D.Theyindicatethefuturedirectionofmediareform.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Whatcanbedoneaboutmassunemployment?Allthewiseheadsagree:there\'renoquickoreasyanswers.There\'sworktobedone,butworkersaren\'treadytodoit—they\'reinthewrongplaces,ortheyhavethewrongskills.Ourproblemsarestructural,andwilltakemanyyearstosolve.Butdon\'tbotheraskingforevidencethatjustifiesthisbleakview.Thereisn\'tany.Onthecontrary,allthefactssuggestthathighunemploymentinAmericaistheresultofinadequatedemand.Sayingthatthere\'renoeasyanswerssoundswise,butit\'sactuallyfoolish:ourunemploymentcrisiscouldbecuredveryquicklyifwehadtheintellectualclarityandpoliticalwilltoact.Inotherwords,structuralunemploymentisafakeproblem,whichmainlyservesasanexcusefornotpursingrealsolutions.Thefactisjobopeningshaveplungedineverymajorsector,whilethenumberofworkersforcedintopart-timeemploymentinalmostallindustrieshassoared.Unemploymenthassurgedineverymajoroccupationalcategory.Onlythreestates,withacombinedpopulationnotmuchlargerthanthatofBrooklyn,haveunemploymentratesbelow5%.Sotheevidencecontradictstheclaimthatwe\'remainlysufferingfromstructuralunemployment.Why,then,hasthisclaimbecomesopopular?Partoftheansweristhatthisiswhatalwayshappensduringperiodsofhighunemployment—inpartbecauseexpertsandanalystsbelievethatdeclaringtheproblemdeeplyrooted,withnoeasyanswers,makesthemsoundserious.I\'vebeenlookingatwhatself-proclaimedexpertsweresayingaboutunemploymentduringtheGreatDepression;itwasalmostidenticaltowhatVerySeriousPeoplearesayingnow.Unemploymentcannotbebroughtdownrapidly,declaredone1935analysis,becausetheworkforceis"unadaptableanduntrained.Itcannotrespondtotheopportunitieswhichindustrymayoffer."Afewyearslater,alargedefensebuildupfinallyprovidedafiscalstimulusadequatetotheeconomy\'sneeds—andsuddenlyindustrywaseagertoemploythose"unadaptableanduntrained"workers.Butnow,asthen,powerfulforcesareideologicallyopposedtothewholeideaofgovernmentactiononasufficientscaletojump-starttheeconomy.And学习参考......that,fundamentally,iswhyclaimsthatwefacehugestructuralproblemshavebeenmultiplying:theyofferareasontodonothingaboutthemassunemploymentthatiscripplingouteconomyandoursociety.Sowhatyouneedtoknowisthatthere\'snoevidencewhatsoevertobacktheseclaims.Wearen\'tsufferingfromashortageofneededskills;we\'resufferingfromalackofpolicyresolve.AsIsaid,structuralunemploymentisn\'tarealproblem,it\'sanexcuse—areasonnottoactonAmerica\'sproblemsatatimewhenactionisdesperatelyneeded.51.WhatdoestheauthorthinkistherootcauseofmassunemploymentinAmerica?A.Corporatemismanagement.B.Insufficientdemand.C.Technologicaladvances.D.Workers\'slowadaptation.52.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheexperts\'claimconcerningunemployment?A.Self-evident.B.Thought-provoking.C.Irrational.D.Groundless.53.WhatdoestheauthorsayhelpedbringdownunemploymentduringtheGreatDepression?A.Theboomingdefenseindustry.B.Thewiseheads\'benefitpackage.C.Nationwidetrainingofworkers.D.Thoroughrestructuringofindustries.54.Whathascausedclaimsofhugestructuralproblemstomultiply?A.Powerfuloppositiontogovernment\'sstimulusefforts.B.VerySeriousPeople\'sattempttocrippletheeconomy.C.Evidencegatheredfrommanysectorsoftheindustries.D.Economists,failuretodetecttheproblemsintime.55.Whatistheauthor\'spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Totestifytotheexperts\'analysisofAmerica\'sproblems.B.ToofferafeasiblesolutiontothestructuralunemploymentC.Toshowtheurgentneedforthegovernmenttotakeaction.D.ToalertAmericanworkerstotheurgencyforadaptation.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.中国的创新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展。为了在科学技术上尽快赶超世界发达国家，中国近年来大幅度增加了研究开发资金。中国的大学和研究所正在积极开展创新研究，这些研究覆盖了从大数据到生物化学、从新能源到机器人等各类高科技领域。它们还与各地的科技园合作，使创新成果商业化。与此同时，无论在产品还是商业模式上，中国企业家也学习参考......在努力争做创新的先锋，以适应国内外消费市场不断变化和增长的需求。写作参考答案Withtherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyinmodemtimes,anincreasingnumberofpeoplepreferstudyingonlinetoattendingschool.Whatwillhappenife-learningprevailsandevenreplacesclassroomlearning?Foronething,morepeoplecanaccesshigh-qualitycoursesglobally,suchasHarvardfreeonlinecourses.Therefore,evenruralpeoplewillalsogetaccesstoabundantandupdatedknowledge.Foranother,peoplecandecidewhenandwheretheytaketheonlinecoursesmuchmorefreely.Thustheywillnolongerbebotheredbyproblemsliketransportationandaccommodation.Asaresult,learningcostwillbesolargelydecreasedthatpeoplecanaffordtoapplyformorecoursestheyareinterestedin.However,forpeoplewhohavebadself-disciplineandlearninghabits,itisdifficulttocommitthemselvestostudy.Theywillfallbehindandactuallylearnlittlesincenobodysupervisesthem.What\'sworse,e-learningcan\'tofferhumaninteractioninreallife.Itisduetothelackofface-to-faceinteractionwithteachersandclassmatesthatpeoplewillfeelisolatedandgraduallylosebasicsocialskills.Tosumup,thatmorepeopleturntoe-learningwillhavebothadvantagesanddisadvantages.Inmyopinion,e-learningshouldbeseenasacomplementbutnotareplacementoftraditionalclasses.【解析】这是一篇典型的观点阐释性作文．要求考生就在线学习发表自己的看法，并提示考生想象一下：如果越来越多的人在网上学习而不再去学校上学，未来将会怎么样。根据这一提示可以将文章内容安排如下：第一段：简单陈述在线学习日渐风行这一社会现象，并就未来会如向发展提出疑问。第二段；从两个方面论述网上学习会给人们带来什么好处。第三段：反面讲述网上学习会给人带来什么坏处。第四段：总结全文。听力SectionA参考答案1WhatdowelearnabouttheSouthTheaterCompany?[B]【解析】女士说SouthTheaterCompany想知道我们是否对赞助他们去东亚旅行感兴趣。由此判断这个公司打算去东亚旅行。因此答案为B项。【干扰项排除】①根据各选项内容判断本题问it计划做什么事情。②A“给电子产品做广告”对话没有提及，虽然对话提到了广告，但那是下文女士建议公司借赞助的机会给自己做广告，而且也不是SouthTheaterCompany要做的事情；SouthTheaterCompany想拉赞助而不是赞助方，C是利用对话中出现的program胡乱制造的干扰项；D“计划在镇里演出”对话没有提及。学习参考......2HowmuchdoestheSouthTheaterCompanyaskforintheletter?[A]【解析】对话中女士明确提到，来信写着希望从女士所在公司得到20000英镑的赞助，故A项正确。【干扰项排除】①四个选项均涉及金额数，在听录音时应注意关于数字等的相关表达。②B项属于近音干扰。C项利用女士说的“butIdon\'tknowiftheymightsettleforless”来设置干扰，女士是说不知道对方公司会否接受金额少一点的赞助，这是女士的想法，不是信中写的金额。D项是结合上述两点设置的干扰信息。3WhatbenefitdoesthewomansaytheirfirmcangetbysponsoringtheSouthTheaterCompany?[A]【解析】男士问赞助能得到什么益处，女士说很好的广告宣传。因此答案为A。【干扰项排除】①选项都是名词短语，听录音时注意相关的信息匹配。②B“天才艺术家为它效力”、C“长期投资”和D“生产成本下降”完全没有出现在对话中。4WhatdoesthewomansuggesttheydoinsteadofpayingtheSouthTheaterCompany\'stravelexpenses?[C]【解析】当男士说旅行的费用太高，没法赞助的时候，女士说为什么不去支付这个旅行项目的印刷费用呢。因此答案为C项。【干扰项排除】①四个选项都是以动词原形开头，判断题目问建议或打算。②A中的“长期合作”、B中的“财政状况”以及D中的“出版”完全没有出现在对话中，可排除。5Whatdoeslastweek\'sannouncementsayaboutrockstar，PhilCollins?[D]【解析】对话中提到上周宣布PhilCollins可能会放弃巡演，因为现场音乐会正在毁掉他的嗓音。因此答案为D。【干扰项排除】①根据选项判断问的是某人发生了什么事情，注意录音中对某个人的描述②A利用对话中的doctor和counsel(建议）作干扰，对话中并未说PhilCollins去看医生和顾问（counsellor）；B“找到一种训练嗓音的新方法”对话没有提及；C中的abusingdrugs（吸毒）与录音中的voiceabuse不符。6WhatdoesPaulPhilipssayaboutaspirin?[D]【解析】对话中提到歌手应该避免服用阿司匹林，它会稀释血液，并且如果歌手咳嗽的话，就会导致损伤声带。因此答案为D。【干扰项排除】①根据选项判断题目问某样东西（it)对歌手产生或好或坏的作用。②A中的“上瘾”对话中没有提及；B中的“热身”尽管在对话最后提到，但不是阿司匹林的作用；C利用对话中提到的coughs“咳嗽”进行干扰，咳嗽和感冒并不是一回事。7WhatdoesPaulPhilipssayaboutyoungpopsingers?[B]【解析】对话中提到大多数流行歌手面临三个问题：缺乏训练、过度使用和滥用嗓子，特别是他们年轻的时候。B项说到了其中一项。【干扰项排除】①根据选项判断题目问某类人的状况。②A“他们渴望成名”、C“很少会成功”、D“他们过着光彩的生活”对话中没有提及，故均排除。8Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?[C]【解析】对话中女士在谈到一个歌手因嗓子问题不得不取消巡演后，问男士有没有什么建议给那些面临嗓音问题的歌手，然后就此展开了对话。由此判断对话主题是歌手的嗓音问题。故答案为C。【干扰项排除】①选项的主语都是负面词汇，判断对话谈到的是某个负面问题。②A“烟雾弥漫的环境对歌手造成的伤害”、B“一些药的副作用”虽然在对话中都提到，但仅仅是一些细节，无法概括整篇主旨；D“歌手经历的艰辛”根本没有具体展开讨论，仅仅在对话中提到“很多年轻歌手过着艰难的生活”，也不是对话主题。学习参考......SectionB参考答案9WhatdowelearnaboutroboticparkingintheU.S.sofar?【解析】录音中提到这项机器人停车技术在海外已经成功应用，但是在美国，唯一的另外一个机器人停车场遇到很多麻烦，比如因为技术问题导致汽车跌落以及汽车被困出不来。由此判断在美国这项技术应用得还不是很成功。因此答案为A。【干扰项排除】①根据选项判断问的是it的发展状况。②B中的“新趋势”、C中的“强烈抵制”、D中的“吸引很多用户”在短文中完全没有提到。10advantagedoesroboticparkinghaveaccordingtoitsdevelopers?[B]【解析】录音中提到停车场的开发者对技术还是很有信心的，并且指望它可以在以前只能停放24辆车的公寓楼地下室里面挤进67辆车，把通常需要的灵活空间也省掉了。可见这种停车场的优势就是可以节省空间，增加停车的容量。故选B。【干扰项排除】①根据选项中的saves,increases,ensures,reduces判断问的是It有什么好处。②A“省时间”、C“确保驾驶员安全”没有提及；D“减少汽车损伤”是利用前面提到的droppingvehicles进行干扰。11Whatdoestheattendantdointheautomatedgarage?[A]【解析】录音中提到没有人来管理，但是会有一名服务人员在场收取现金，并向新用户解释这个系统。因此答案为A。【干扰项排除】①根据各选项的动词判断，问的应该是某人做什么事情。②B“维护自动化系统”、C“对任何紧急状况保持警惕”、D“在周围巡逻防止汽车盗窃”短文中未提及相关信息。12Whatdoesthecompanysayabouttheparkingrates?【解析】录音中提到停车费用是一个月400美元或者每天25美元，由此判断如果是月付，平均每天的费用比单次的费用要便宜。也就是说，对于熟客(regularcustomers)，有一定的优惠，故选B。【干扰项排除】①根据选项中的vary，discountable,paidincash,parking等判断，问的应该是停车费用的问题。②A中的“车辆大小”、C中的“传统停车”在录音中没有提及。在谈到停车费时没有提到“现金付款”，D是利用前面提到的cash(服务人员来收现金）作干扰。13Whatistheproblemofthevictimsaboutalcoholismaccordingtothespeaker?[D]【解析】录音中提到酗酒受害者的一个问题就是：他会否认自己酗酒，并且不要别人帮助，故选D项。【干扰项排除】①根据选项判断问的应该是某类人所面临的问题。②录音提到解决方案确实存在，A“他们不知道任何解决方案”与录音不符；录音提到半数的交通事故与因酗酒造成的疾病有关，但这与B项的“醉驾”不是一回事；C“他们在公共场合行为不端”录音没有提到。14WhydidwhitesettlersintroducealcoholtoIndians?[A]【解析】录音中提到白人移民鼓励印第安人喝酒，以防止他们反抗白人。选项中的stopthemfromfightingback是原文preventthemfromfightingback的同义替换，因此答案为A。【干扰项排除】①选项都是动词不定式，推断应该是问做某事的目的。②B“感谢他们的殷勤款待”、C“教会他们欧洲生活方式”、D“减轻他们的痛苦”录音未提及。学习参考......15Whatdoesthespeakerseemtobelieveaboutthoseaffectedbyalcoholism?[B]【解析】录音最后提到，在适当的帮助下，酗酒受害人总有一天可以恢复到正常的生活，此处短语putlifetogether意为“恢复正常生活，重新生活”。因此答案为B。【干扰项排除】①选项都与they的状况和未来有关。②选项A“如果不加以干预，他们会成为难题”、选项C“他们积极响应医学治疗”录音没有提到；录音最后说的是酗酒问题在当今社会很明显，并没有说对社会稳定造成严重影响，排除D项。SectionC参考答案16WhyareleadersofbothpartiesinvitedtotheWhiteHousenextweek?[B]【解析】说话人提到邀请两党领导人到白宫，最直接的原因是想要大家在一些只有彼此携手努力才能解决的问题上达成共识。B项的commonviews是录音中consensus的同义替换，故答案为B项。【干扰项排除】①选项均为不定式动词短语，推测题目可能问建议、计划、原因或目的。②邀请两党领导人不是为了嘉奖他们，而是为建立共识，A项“嘉奖他们的辛勤劳动”属无中生有。录音说的是邀请商业、劳工和公民领袖前来，而不是C项的“引进商业项目”。说话人并非邀请两党领导人来投票，故排除D项。17Whatisthefocusofthementionedplan?[B]【解析】录音中明确指出当前经济仍在大萧条中恢复，我们的首要任务是促进就业和经济增长，这是我们整个讨论计划的重点，B项是该处录音的同义表达。【干扰项排除】①选项都是动名词短语，预测题目询问行为或计划。②虽然录音有提到当前经济正在大萧条中恢复，但这只是计划的背景，故排除A项“从经济大萧条中复兴”。虽然录音中有提到奖励企业，但没说是奖励创新企业，而且这只是计划的内容之一，不是计划重点，故排除C项。D属于无中生有，录音未提及开展经济活动。18Whatarethemajordecisionsabout?[A]【解析】说话人提到我们面临一系列的最后期限，这要求我们在如何偿清赤字方面作出重大决定，A项payingoff是录音paydown的同义替换，故为正确答案。【干扰项排除】①选项都是动名词短语，预测题目询问行为计划。②录音提到偿清赤字会给中产阶级带来巨大影响，因为需要向中产阶级征收更多的税，并非“增加中产阶级的人数”，故B项错误。C项“控制对教育产生的影响”属于张冠李戴，录音中是说偿清赤字会对经济产生巨大影响，并非对教育。D项“计划减少能耗”录音未提及。19Whatdoescombiningspendingcutswithrevenuemean?[D]【解析】说话人提到把削减开支与增加收入结合起来意味着向最富有的美国人征收更多的税，D项中的require和richest是录音中ask和wealthiest的同义表达。【干扰项排除】①选项中的deficit,revenue,taxes等关键词，提示问题与税收、收入相关。②录音提到wecan\'tjustcutourwaytoprosperity,故排除A项。B项是利用录音中seriousaboutreducingthedeficit设置的干扰项，cautious不等于serious。C项的“增加赤字”与录音中一直说的减少赤字相悖，故错误。20WhatarethepointsOpenTableoffersusersfor?【解析】录音提到积分可以叠加成餐费的折扣，有折扣即餐费可以减少，B项“它们可以用来减少餐费”属于该处录音的同义表达，为答案。【干扰项排除】①四个选项的主语均为They，听音时留意其指代什么。②录音没提到现金兑换和会员卡的细节，故A项“它们可以用来兑换成现金”和C项“它们可以作为会学习参考......员卡使用”均可排除。D项“它们可以用来预订”，录音说的是顾客通过OpenTable应用软件预订餐厅时可获得积分，而不是积分可以用来预订，故排除。21WhatdowelearnaboutEpicurious?[A]【解析】录音提到Epicurious是一个免费的应用程序和网络平台，即用户可以免费下载该应用程序，A项的描述符合录音的表述，故为正确答案。【干扰项排除】①四个选项的主语均为It,听音时留意其指代什么。②录音提到Epicurious能让用户变成更好的厨师，但没有说可以成为专业的厨师，故排除B项。C项“提供制作菜谱的建议”是用户，不是Epicurious，故C项不对。Epicurious不但根据菜谱的受欢迎程度，还会根据其他因素对菜谱进行排名，故排除D项。22HowdoesCalorifichelppeoplegethealthier?[C]【解析】录音提到Calorific向用户提供图片展示“200卡路里的不同食物的分量分别是多少”，目的是让用户根据不同食物的卡路里含量来控制饮食摄入量。C项“通过描述每200卡路里的食物的重量”与录音相符，为答案。【干扰项排除】①选项都是by+doing...结构，推测题目可能问方式或做法。②Calorific提供的是不同食物每200卡路里是多重的直观概念，不是200种食物的重量，A项不对。录音只是提到另一个版本的Calorific能提供更多的价格信息，而非B项说的提供每200卡路里食物的价格。录音未提及200种健康的食物，故D项也不对。23WhatisthenumberofsmokersinAmerica?[C]【解析】本题问美国烟民数量是多少。录音提到18%的美国成年人在吸烟，约4000万人，故选C项。【干扰项排除】①选项出现了数字和Americanadults、population等关键词，推测问题可能与某类人群的数量相关。②43%是之前的成年吸烟者比例，而非现在的比例，故A项错误。录音提到美国成年人当中18%是烟民，并不是说占总人口的18%是烟民，故B项错误。D项“大约50万美国人”是每年死于吸烟的人数，不是烟民数，故排除。24Whatmeasurescanbetakentomakeithardertogetcigarettes?[B]【解析】录音提到必须考虑给香烟适当定价，以便香烟成为难以享用的商品。B项是该处录音的同义表达，故为正确答案。【干扰项排除】①选项均为不定式短语，推测题目可能问建议、计划、打算或目的。②录音并未提及对公共吸烟设禁令，A项属于无中生有。虽然录音有提到在烟盒包装标上警示语，但这不能起到使香烟难以获得的作用，故排除C项。录音也没有关于减少香烟的产量和供应的描述，D项属于无中生有。25Whatinstitutiondoesthespeakermostlikelycomefrom?[A]【解析】录音提到“我们”正在紧密合作，卫生局局长办公室与食品药物监督局正在密切合作，由此可推断说话人很可能是卫生局局长办公室的人，故A项正确。【干扰项排除】①四个选项都是机构名称，听音时留意它们的相关信息。②录音提到的食品药物监督局和烟草制品中心都是他们一起合作的对象，故排除B和C两项。CenterforDiseaseControlandPrevention虽然在录音中出现过，但没有明确的细节表明说话人来自那里，故排除D项。阅读参考答案26[O]空格所在句子为when引导的时间状语从句，从句中缺少谓语动词，且根据主句中谓语动词becomes可进一步确定此处应填入动词的第三人称单数。宾语是arealjob,undertakes“承担;从事”符合语境，句子表示从事一份真正的工作时，他（她）才真正步学习参考......人成年人的行列。而promises“承诺”不符合语义逻辑。27[K]空格前面的不定冠词an决定了此处应填入一个首发音是元音的名词。上句提到，青少年真正步入成年人行列是当他从事一份真正的工作时，也就是说成年意味着一份职业的开始,故填入occupation“职业”合适。28[H]空格前面的the和后面的of决定了此处应填入名词，和后面的ofsuchideals搭配。existence“存在”符合语义逻辑，表示这些理想的存在。29[J]空格前面是动词become,可判断此处应填入形容词或名词。前面提到青少年会产生一些过于理想化的想法，那么对于这个不那么理想的世界应该是“接受不了”或“难以忍受的”，故填入intolerant“无法忍受的”。30[A]空格位于动词comes之后，when引导的状语从句之前，所在句子不缺少主要成分，可判断此处需要填入副词。从逻辑上推断，当青少年改革者试图将他的想法付诸工作实践时，对社会的真正适应就是自然而然的了，故automatically“自动地；自然而然地”符合语境。31[N]空格所在部分为一个固定短语take...outofcontext,意为“断章取义，脱离上下文”,其中take的宾语应是句子的主语Piaget\'sstatement,所以该过去分词短语在句子中作状语，且不缺少主要成分，由此可判断此处需要填入一个副词。本句要说明在什么情况下，皮亚杰的论断或许太过苛刻，填入slightly“轻微地”合适，意为“稍加孤立地看”。32[E]空格所在部分为what引导的主语从句，从句缺少谓语动词，由前面的助动词was可判断此处应填入动词的现在分词形式,本句的表语是theway“那种方式”。emphasizing“强调”符合语境，表示他意在强调的是那种方式。33[M]空格前面的of决定了此处应填入名词或动名词形式。就业岗位越来越少，所以应该是处于萧条时期，且根据下文difficulteconomictimes也可判断出recession“衰退”符合语义逻辑。34[D]空格所在部分为“leavesb.+宾语补足语”结构，空格填入的单词作leave的宾补，且能与后面的about搭配，可判断此处应填入形容词或动词的分词形式。处于这样的经济困难时期，很多青少年或许对他们在社会中扮演的角色应该是“迷茫”或“困惑”的，词库中符合这一语义的是confused“困惑的；混乱的”。35[B]空格所在句子缺少谓语，由前面的助动词are可判断此处应填入形容词或动词的分词形式。根据主语communityinterventionsandgovernmentjobprograms和空格前的economically,可知填入beneficial“有益的”，表示社区干预和政府提供的就业计划不仅使青少年在经济上受益。36[I]【译文】有很多例子证明，穷国和富国都利用环境来发展经济。【定位解析】根据题目的关键词Examples,richandpoor和theenvironment查找到I段首句。这句话指出在世界很多地方，无论穷富，都有很多通过破坏环境而实现财富增长的例子。题目中的economicprogress对应原文的growingwealth，exploit对应原文的trashing。【译文】保护和改善环境使全世界人们受益。【定位解析】根据题目关键词Environmentalprotectionandimprovement可查找到C段。该段承接B段内容，首句引用了1972年联合国人类环境大会宣言，“保护和改善人类环境是一个重要议题，因为这关系到人们的幸福以及全球的经济发展”。题目中的Environmentalprotectionandimprovement与文中Theprotectionandimprovementofthehumanenvironment同义。38[L]【译文】经济增长将使世界更洁净，这未必是事实。学习参考......【定位解析】根据题目关键词economicgrowth和ourworldcleaner可查找到L段最后一句。本段就财富是否必然带来更洁净的世界展开论证，最后一句是其主旨句：经济增长将必然使我们的世界更洁净，事实绝非如此。题目的notnecessarily对应原文的simplynottrue。39[D]【译文】联合国报告的共同主题是环境保护与经济增长的关系。【定位解析】根据题目关键词commontheme，relation和environmentalprotectionandeconomicgrowth可查找到D段。该段指出，在联合国机构和各发展组织准备的众多报告中，环境保护与经济发展之间的联系是一条共同的主线。题目中commontheme对应原文的commonthread,而relation与linkage近义，economicgrowth则对应原文的economicprogress。40[K]【译文】如何在确保经济增长的同时解决环境问题，各发展机构意见不一。【定位解析】根据题目关键词Developmentagencies，tackle和environmentissues可查找到K段。该段指出，各发展机构在环境问题上意见不一，有的主张改善环境与经济发展同步进行，而有的则认为应先发展经济后解决环境问题。题目中developmentagencies、tackle都是文中的原词复现，而disagree对应原文的arenotunited;environmentissues对应environmentalissues。41[E]【译文】很难找到确凿的证据来证明，对环境友好比开发利用自然环境更有益于人类。【定位解析】根据题目关键词evidence,environmentalfriendliness,profits和exploiting等可查找到E段前两句。该段首先引用了《千年生态系统评估报告》的论断:保持生态的可持续性比开发利用它们更有益于人类；继而指出，找到支持这一观点的确凿证据并不容易。题目中solidevidence是原文hardevidence的同义转述，environmentalfriendliness对应原文的Managingecosystemssustainably，profits是原文profitable的词性转换，而exploiting是原词复现。42[G]【译文】从长远来看，生态系统的可持续管理被证明是有益的。【定位解析】根据题目关键词Sustainablemanagementofecosystems,rewardinginthelongrun可查找到G段。该段引用《千年生态系统评估报告》这项研究的首期结论：维持生态的可持续性可能在短期内对人类的好处减少，但必定会带来长期效益的。题目中Sustainablemanagementofecosystems和rewardinginthelongrun分别对应原文中的managingecosystemssustainably和long-termrewards。43[A]【译文】一位以谨慎著称的政治家宣称，人类的可持续发展有赖于自然环境。【定位解析】根据题目关键词politician，cautious和naturalenvironment可查找到A段。该段首先引用了戈登·布朗的一段原话，“如果我们想让经济继续保持繁荣……，我们就必须关注自然环境、资源，因为这是我们的经济活动赖以进行的基础。”然后指出戈登·布朗是一位以严厉、认真、谨慎而著称的政治家。题目中notedfor是原文withareputationfor的同义转述，而sustainablehumandevelopment是对oureconomiesaretoflourish...insucceedinggenerations的概括。44[n]【译文】贫穷国家将不得不承担富裕国家经济增长所带来的代价。【定位解析】根据题目关键词Poorcountries，bearthecost，richnations\'economicdevelopment可查找到N段。该段主要以气候变化为例来论述富裕国家将发展带来的环境问题转嫁到贫穷国家身上，其中最后一句总结说，随着国家越来越富有，他们产生的温室气体也会越来越多；这些气体的影响将会主要波及到世界贫穷地区。题目是对该段最后一句的概括论述。45[J]【译文】最近一项研究警告我们地球上的自然资源面临枯竭的危险。学习参考......【定位解析】根据题目关键词recentstudy、warn、exhaustionofnaturalresources等可查找到J段。该段最后一句引用了一项最新的研究，试图通过数据警告人们，我们将在未来的某个时间点被追债，届时所有这些服务（地球免费提供给我们的一切）都将终止，意即地球资源总有一天会枯竭的。题目exhaustionofnaturalresources是对原文allthoseservices...willgrindtoahalt的概括。46[D]【定位】题干已经将本题定位至第1段第4至第5行。【解析】本题询问科林·狄克逊所说的这句话的意思。第1段开头就指出互动电视广告已推出多年。大概10多年前就有人预测它的前景广阔。但在段末处科林·狄克逊表示过去的10年、12年每年都在说今年是互动电视广告之年。换言之,互动电视广告发展停滞不前。因此D项“互动电视广告没有取得预期效果”正确。【干扰项排除】A项“互动电视广告将在十至十二年内流行起来”与文章表达内容不符，原文只是提及过去十至十二年及如今互动电视广告的情况。原文并没有提到过去互动电视广告是否受到争议,B项“互动电视广告在过去的十年左右一直备受争议”没有依据。文中只是对《老友记》中可能出现的互动广告作一个假想，但十多年过后的今天仍未能够取得大的进展，因此C项“当与情境喜剧相结合，互动电视广告取得成功”与原文不符。47[C]【定位】根据题干中的Cablevision,thepublic\'sresponse定位至第2段第1句。【解析】本题询问民众对于美国有线电视公司筹划的互动电视广告项目作何反应。根据第2段第1句，当有线电视网（Cablevision)和美国有线电视公司宣布将在10月6日向所有的观众推出互动广告，随之引起人们的质疑。C项中的doubtful是原文skepticism的同义替换，故C项“有些疑虑”正确。【干扰项排除】A项“相当肯定”、B项“完全冷漠”和D项“严厉批评”与原文的skepticism意思不符，故均予以排除。48[C]【定位】根据题干中的thewideuseofdigitalvideorecorders定位至第3段第3句。【解析】本题询问数字视频录像机的广泛使用对电视广告有什么影响。根据第3段第3、4句，数字视频录像机的普及使得广告商们担心他们的广告会被跳过不看，C项“它使电视广告处于极大的劣势”是正确答案。【干扰项排除】A项“它使电视广告易于接近观众”和D项“它使观众很容易就能找到特价商品”文中并未提及。第3段第4句提到互联网广告的优点之一就是可以测量点击率，所以B项“它帮助广告商测量点击率”属于张冠李戴。49[B]【定位】根据题干中的Unilever\'sinteractivecampaign定位至第4段第2句。【解析】本题询问我们从联合利华的互动活动中可以得知什么。第4段第1句提到，从理论上来说，互动广告有着能吸引观众注意力这一优点，接着在第2句举了联合利华为例子来证明互动广告是如何成功吸引观众的。因此B项“它成功吸引了观众的注意力”是正确答案。【干扰项排除】联合利华推出的是互动电视广告，所以A项“它证明了电视广告的优点”中的TVadvertising不准确；C项“它帮助公司招商引资”中的investmentsinthecompany在文中没有提及；第3段首句虽然有提及电视广告业可能会繁荣，但文中举联合利华的例子仅证明互动电视广告成功吸引观众注意力这个优点，至于是否使整个电视广告业繁荣无从得知，因此D项“它繁荣了电视广告业”属过度推断。50[A]【定位】根据题干中的highclick-throughrates定位至最后一段第2句。学习参考......【解析】本题询问作者如何看待到目前为止的高点击率。作者在文章最后一段指出了自己对互动电视广告前景的担忧，并提出：可能是因为观众出于新奇的缘故导致高点击率。A项中thenovelway是原文中thenovelty的同义转述,因此A项“可能是因为广告的新奇方式”正确。【干扰项排除】作者对目前为止互动电视广告的高点击率持有怀疑态度，B项“预示着互动广告将流行起来”与作者表达的意思不相符。虽然作者提出了互动电视广告高点击率可能是因为观众出于新奇的缘故，但是能不能一直持续高点击率作者仍是持怀疑态度，因此C项“表明电视观众不断增长的好奇心”不符合原文意思。D项“暗示媒体改革的未来方向”在文中并未提及。51[B]【定位】根据题干中的cause和massunemploymentinAmerica定位至第2段第3句。【解析】本题询问作者认为美国大规模失业的根本原因是什么。第2段首先否定了第1段末所述的“结构性失业”的说法，然后第3句指出，所有的事实表明，美国的高失业率其实是需求不足造成的，进而分析了“结构性失业”说法的愚蠢性。B项中insufficient是原文inadequate的同义替换,所以选B项“需求不足”。【干扰项排除】文章着眼于国家政策这个大格局来分析美国大规模失业的问题。A项“公司管理不善”和C项“技术进步”并没有提及；D项“工人适应缓慢”是专家们的说辞，并不是作者的观点。52[D]【定位】根据题干中的experts\'claim,theauthor可查找到第2、3段。【解析】本题询问作者如何看待专家们关于失业的论断。在第2段第1、2句作者规劝读者不要费力去寻求证据来证明这种黯淡的观点的合理性，因为根本没有证据。继而，在第3段给出一些例证，并得出结论，该证据有力地反驳了“我们主要遭受结构性失业”的措辞。由此，可选定D项“没有根据的”。【干扰项排除】作者对专家们的“结构性失业”论断持否定态度，A项“不言而喻的”和B项“发人深省的”与作者观点相悖；作者试图用证据表明专家们的论断没有根据，但没有提及理性问题，因此可排除C项“不理性的”。[A]【定位】根据题干中的theGreatDepression定位至第5段。【解析】本题询问作者认为是什么帮助解决了经济大萧条时期大规模失业问题。根据第5段最后一句，一个庞大的国防计划最终促成了一个财政刺激方案，其足以满足经济需求，很快各行业就急切雇佣了那些“适应能力差、没有经过培训”的工人们。简言之，庞大的国防计划刺激了经济，带动了就业。所以A项“蓬勃的国防工业”是正确答案。【干扰项排除】B项“那些聪明人的福利待遇”和C项“全国范围内的工人培训”只是利用文中个别词汇wiseheads,untrainedworkers等拼凑而成；D项“行业的彻底重组”在文中找不到任何依据。54[A]【定位】根据题干中的claim,hugestructuralproblems和multiply定位至倒数第2段第2句。【解析】本题询问是什么导致了“巨大的结构性问题”论断的盛行。倒数第2段第1句指出：权势者在思想上反对政府采取足够规模的行动来刺激经济，这就从根本上解释了为什么“我们面临严重的结构性问题”的说法如此盛行。A项中stimulus对应原文的jump-start,故选A项“政府刺激经杯的努力遭到强有力的反对”。【干扰项排除】文中提到大规模失业严重削弱了我们的经济和社会，B项“‘非常严谨的人们’企图削弱经济”利用文中个别词汇VerySeriousPeople张冠李戴。C项“各行业众多部门收集到的证据”利用evidence一词拼凑而成。D项“经济学家们没能及时察学习参考......觉出问题”在文中并未提及。55[C]【定位】根据题干中的author\'spurpose可查找至最后一段。【解析】本题询问作者写这篇文章用意何在。文章最后一段作者呼吁读者不要相信那些所谓“专家们”的说辞，它们根本没有依据可言。进而其谴责政府的不作为，“我们缺少的并不是必要的技能，而是政府的政策决心。”作者的根本目的是吁请政府采取实际行动来解决目前的问题。C项中urgentneed对应原文的desperatelyneeded,因此C项“表达需要政府采取行动的迫切性”正确。【干扰项排除】A项“证明专家们对美国问题的分析”错误，因为作者不认同专家们的看法。文中作者并没有对结构性失业提出一个明确的解决方案，只是呼吁政府应该采取行动解决这个问题，所以B项“对结构性失业提供一个可行性解决方案”在文中找不到依据。D项“警告美国工人适应岗位的紧迫性”利用文中个别词汇workers、desperatelyneeded、unadaptable来设置干扰。翻译参考答案表达难点1.第三句句子比较长，可将前半句“中国的大学……”处理为句子主干，而后半句“这些研究覆盖……高科技领域”处理为状语，用分词短语coveringvarioushigh-techfields表达，其中“从大数据到生物化学、从新能源到机器人等”这一部分可用suchas...来表达。2.第四句可将前半句处理为句子主干，后半句“使……商业化”处理为目的状语，用不定式结构todo表达，译为tocommercializetheirinnovations。3.最后一句中“创新的先锋”，可用介词短语pioneersininnovation表示；“以适应国内外消费市场不断变化和增长的需求”中“国内外消费市场”可处理为“需求”的定语用介词短语ofbothdomesticandforeignconsumermarkets表达；“不断变化和增长的需求”可译为thechangingandgrowingdemands。参考译文China\'sinnovationisflourishingfasterthaneverbefore.Inordertocatchupwiththedevelopedcountriesinscienceandtechnologyassoonaspossible,Chinahassubstantiallyincreasedresearchanddevelopmentfundsinrecentyears.UniversitiesandresearchinstitutesinChinaareactivelycarryingoutinnovativeresearches,coveringvarioushigh-techfieldssuchasbigdata,biochemistry,newenergy,robots.Theyarealsocooperatingwithscienceandtechnologyparksindifferentplacestocommercializetheirinnovations.Meanwhile,whetherinproductsorbusinessmodels,Chineseentrepreneursarealsostrivingtobepioneersininnovationtosatisfythechangingandgrowingdemandsofbothdomesticandforeignconsumermarkets.学习参考......宁可累死在路上，也不能闲死在家里！宁可去碰壁，也不能面壁。是狼就要练好牙，是羊就要练好腿。什么是奋斗？奋斗就是每天很难，可一年一年却越来越容易。不奋斗就是每天都很容易，可一年一年越来越难。能干的人，不在情绪上计较，只在做事上认真；无能的人！不在做事上认真，只在情绪上计较。拼一个春夏秋冬！赢一个无悔人生！早安！—————献给所有努力的人.学习参考',)