新概念第3册L54-Instinct-or-cleverness

Lesson54Instinctorcleverness?【Newwordsandexpressions】生词和短语insectn.昆虫wagev.进行(斗争)contaminatev.弄脏provocationn.惹怒spidern.蜘蛛waspn.黄蜂mothn.飞蛾antn.蚂蚁revulsionn.厌恶horden.群uncannyadj.神秘的，不可思议的erasev.擦，抹去prayingmantis螳螂entrancedadj.出神的beetlen.甲虫shelteredadj.伤不着的，无危险的lusciousadj.甘美的clustern.一簇aphidn.蚜虫undersiden.底面，下侧colonyn.一群stickyadj.粘的scurryv.小步跑swarmv.聚集ingenuityn.机灵Wehavebeenbroughtuptofearinsects.Weregardthemasunnecessarycreaturesthatdomoreharmthangood.Mancontinuallywageswaronitem,fortheycontaminatehisfood,carrydiseases,ordevourhiscrops.Theystingorbitewithoutprovocation;theyflyuninvitedintoourroomsonsummernights,orbeatagainstourlightedwindows.beenbroughtup自幼sth/sbbesaid/reported/thought/believed/known/supposed+todosth.eg.Wehavebeenbroughtuptoeatcertainfood.Wehavelearnttodo…表示已经学会适应了什么。eg.Wehavelearnttofearinsects.eg.Girlshavebeenbroughtuptofearmice.regardas视为，当做as短语做宾补refertoas称为，当做insect昆虫insect含义广泛，多指蚂蚁、黄蜂、蝉等等。六只脚，三部分worm侧重指蚯蚓、蚕、毛虫等小而无骨的虫。还可以指人或动物体内的寄生虫，以及昆虫的幼虫。pest指有害的昆虫或有害的小动物。害虫bug指小昆虫，尤指吸血的臭虫，也可指细菌。parasite寄生虫wagev.进行(斗争)=beginandcontinueastruggle=carryon表示开始进行=launch发起（重大活动、战役）=undertaketodo着手eg.Heundertooktoinformpeopleconcerned.wageawaragainst/on/upon就什么方面展开斗争engagein不仅开展,而且全身心地投入beengagedin/bedeterminedonsth/bededicatedtosth/bedevotedtosthwage多用复数形式，指按小时、日或星期的报酬，通常指体力劳动者的工资dailywageearnings多指通过劳动或投资手段所得到的收入。income与earnings含义很相近，前者强调总收入。pay是个通用词，可取代salary与wage.salary指按年定下，按月或星期平均给予的报酬，指脑力劳动者的薪水。allowance指收入中的补贴部分。津贴Kickback回扣pension养老金，退休金bonus奖金，分红（年终奖）commission佣金（提供服务，雇佣兵）fund基金（专款资金foundation基金会（地基；房基；基础）contaminatev.弄脏,玷污书面一些，新闻报道pollutev.污染，泛指使水面、空气、大气环境变脏，不适于在其中生活或使用，所涉及的不洁物常常是大宗的、广泛的、直接可见的。eg.Theairhasbeenpollutedseverely/terribly/badly.poisonvt污染(较口语化)eg.Gasesfromcarsarepoisoningtheairofourcity.devourv.吞噬、狼吞虎咽地吃eg.Thedogdevoursthecake.=destroy吞灭，席卷eg.火把整幢楼都吞没了。Theflamedevoursthewholebuilding.贪婪地看、听、读eg.他两眼贪婪的看着这美丽的风景。Hiseyesdevouredthescene.Swallowvt.吞咽；忍受；吞没vi.吞下；咽下n.燕子；一次吞咽的量provocationn.惹怒，激怒provokev.激怒；煽动（对…挑衅）;引起eg.Hewasprovokedbeyondhisendurance.eg.他是怒不可遏。Hewasprovokedanditwasmorethanhecouldendure.arousev.激起eg.Thebookarouses/provokesmyinterest.bringabout/resultin/leadto/giverisetoprovokesb’sinterestinsth激起某人兴趣provokesbtodo/provokesbintodoing/causesbtodosth致使某人做某时Weliveindreadnotonlyofunpleasantinsectslikespidersorwasps,butofquiteharmlessoneslikemoths.Readingaboutthemincreasesourunderstandingwithoutdispellingourfears.Knowingthattheindustriousantlivesinahighlyorganizedsocietydoesnothingtopreventusfrombeingfilledwithrevulsionwhenwefindhordesofthemcrawlingoveracarefullypreparedpicniclunch.indreadof害怕什么thedreadof…对什么的恐惧dreaddoing=dreadtodoDreadv.惧怕vt.惧怕，畏惧，引申出担心n.恐惧，可怕的人（或物）；（鸟群的）惊飞Dread+名词，动名词，动词不定式eg.我们正担心他来呢！Weweredreadinghisarrival.Idreadtothinkwhatwillhappenifhefindsout.Dreadfuladj.令人恐惧的,令人不快的adreadfuldisaster可怕的灾难dreadedadj.感到恐惧的terrifyvt.使恐怖,恐吓horrifyv.使恐怖,使极度厌恶,惊骇fearv.害怕,畏惧,为...担心Spider蜘蛛spidersilk蜘蛛丝spiderwebn.蜘蛛网Wasp黄蜂（胡峰）Bumblebee大黄蜂hornet大黄蜂Moth飞蛾Silkworm蚕pupa蛹larva幼虫adult成虫Ant蚂蚁Increase增加Raiseone’svision提高/开阔眼界openone’smind打开胸怀expandone’slifeplatform扩展平台doesnothingtodo不会起作用eg.Doingsodoesnothingtopreventmefromhatingyou.Preventsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事eg.无论你说什么都不会……Whateveryousaydoesnothingtopreventmefromattaining/accomplishingmygoal.revulsionn.厌恶（极端厌恶）对象介词一般用at=disgustn.厌恶，嫌恶vt.使厌恶；使作呕=dislikeHorde群（一大群）（游牧）部落tribe部落Nomatterhowmuchwelikehoney,orhowmuchwehavereadabouttheuncannysenseofdirectionwhichbeespossess,wehaveahorrorofbeingstung.Mostofourfearsarenreasonable,buttheyareimpossibletoerase.Atthesametime,however,insectsarestrangelyfascinaing.Weenjoyreadingaboutthem,especiallywhenwefindthat,liketheprayingmantis,theyleadperfectlyhorriblelives.uncannya.神秘的,不可思议的mysteriousa.神秘的eg.Theyareleadingamysteriouslife.eeriea.怪诞的,奇异的eg.Helookseerie.eg.Whathesaidiseerietome.eerieadj.引起恐惧的，可怕的eg.夜晚猫头鹰在森林里发出令人恐怖的叫声theeeriesoundofanowlhootsintheforestatnightintheeeriesilence令人恐怖的寂静之中eerilyadv.怪异地;可怕地weirda.怪异的,怪诞的,奇异的eg.Ican’tgetalongwellwithhimbecauseheisaweirdperson.erasev.擦,抹去eg.Erasetheideafromyourmind!eg.Heerasesthenamefromthenamelist.writeoff把……勾销，注销crossoff把……划去eg.Thewordisunnecessaryhere,soitcrossedoff.wipeout完全擦掉eg.Iwanttowriteontheblackboard,soIhavetowipeallthewordshereout.eg.Ican’timagingwhyyouraresohot,pleasewipeoutsweatonyourface.Prayingmantis螳螂Mantis螳螂Weenjoystaringatthementrancedastheygoabouttheirbusiness,unaware(wehope)ofourpresence.Whohasnotstoodinaweatthesightofaspiderpouncingonafly,oracolumnofantstriumphantlybearinghomeanenormousdeadbeetle?entranceda.出神的entrancen.入口；进入vt.使出神，使入迷entrancetotheroom/hall介词tobeentrancedinthought想得入了迷/出了神介词ineg.Idon’tknowwhathehasinhismind,anywayheisentrancedinthought.beentrancedwithfear吓得魂不附体介词witheg.Atthestoryatnight,Iwasentrancedwithfear.Beetle甲虫goabouttheirbusiness干它们应该干的事astheygetdowntotheirbusinesseg.让我们言归正传。Letusgetdowntoourbusiness.eg.干你们应该干的事情。Youshouldgoaboutyourbusiness.Standinaweof敬畏什么awen.敬畏，惊叹；（古）使人敬畏的力量pounceon=jumpat/chargeat向什么猛扑过去Acolomnofants一群蚂蚁LastsummerIspentdaysinthegardenwatchingthousandsofantscrawlingupthetrunkofmyprizepeachtree.Thetreehasgrownagainstawarmwallonashelteredsideofthehouse.Iamespeciallyproudofit,notonlybecauseithassurvivedseveralseverewinters,butbecauseitoccasionallyproduceslusciouspeaches.shelteredadj伤不着的，无危险的shelter通常指寻找安全地方躲避风雨或使人免遭危害。guard普通用词，指保持警惕以防可能的攻击或伤害。harbour贬义词，指隐匿或非法保护、窝藏。safeguard语气强，指采取积极措施预防可能发生的一切攻击或危险。defend普通用词，指用武力或其它措施使人或物不受损害，消除危险。用作比喻时，指坚持某种行动、决定或意见。protect普通用词，指用某种手段作为防御工具以防危险或伤害。shield语气比protect强，但侧重防止迫在眉睫的攻击或伤害。Luscious甘美的（满足感官的）sweetandjuicyeg.Lusciousfoodisjuicyandverygoodtoeat.Duringthesummer,Inoticedthattheleavesofthetreewerebeginningtowither.Clustersoftinyinsectscalledaphidesweretobefoundontheundersideoftheleaves.Theywerevisitedbyalaopcolonyofantswhichobtainedasortofhoneyfromthem.Iimmediatelyembarkedonanexperimentwhich,eventhoughitfailedtogetridoftheants,keptmefascinatedfortwenty-fourhours.Iboundthebaseofthetreewithstickytape,makingitimpossiblefortheantstoreachtheaphides.Cluster一簇1、n（同类物丛生或聚集的）簇，团，束，串2、n(人或物的)群，团，组eg.Aclusterofpeopleorthingsisasmallgroupofthemclosetogether.3、v(人)结成群eg.Ifpeopleclustertogether,theygathertogetherinasmallgroup.Cluster(together)around丛生，聚集在…周围inacluster成群的Undersiden底面，下侧Darkside下面，底面；阴暗面Colony一群（生物学：群体，菌落bacterialcolonyn.（细菌）菌落；细菌聚落社科类：semi-colony半殖民地semi-colonial半殖民的eg.Oldchinawasasemi-feudal[ˈfjuːdl]封建制度的andsemi-colonialcountry.colonize开拓殖民地；移居于殖民地colonial殖民的colonization殖民；殖民地化colonialism殖民主义；殖民政策colonialist殖民主义者colonizer殖民者；殖民地开拓者Colony一群（生物学：群体，菌落bacterialcolonyn.（细菌）菌落；细菌聚落社科类：semi-colony半殖民地semi-colonial半殖民的eg.Oldchinawasasemi-feudal[ˈfjuːdl]封建制度的andsemi-colonialcountry.colonize开拓殖民地；移居于殖民地colonial殖民的colonization殖民；殖民地化colonialism殖民主义；殖民政策colonialist殖民主义者colonizer殖民者；殖民地开拓者embarkedon=setouttodo/setaboutdoing正式的开始着手做某事embark登上陆地，入境Disembarkv.下船上岸（=debark）sticky粘的stickvt.刺，戳；粘贴vi.坚持；粘住n.棍；手杖；sticker贴画stickv.粘住sticktheenvelopn.信封stickto坚持sticktotheplan/sticktoone’spromisen.许诺stickynote便利贴stickybusiness苦差事Clingv.粘（clung,clung,clinging）vi.坚持，墨守eg.Sheisalwaysclingingtohermother.eg.他怀有成功的希望。Heclungtothehopethathewouldsucceed.Thetapewassostickythattheydidnotdaretocrossit.Foralongtime,Iwatchedthemscurryingaroundthebaseofthetreeinbewilderment.Ievenwentoutatmidnightwithatorchandnotedwithsatisfaction(andsurprise)thattheantswerestillswarmingaroundthestickytapewithoutbeingabletodoanythingaboutit.Scurryv小步跑(尤指因受惊而)急促跑[书面]Swarmv聚集1、naswarmof大群(蜜蜂等昆虫flyingtogether)；(快速移动的)一大群人2、vi(蜜蜂或其他昆虫)大群移动3、vi(人群)涌往swarmsomewhereeg.Ifaplaceisswarmingwithpeople,itisfullofpeoplemovingaboutinabusyway.Igotupearlynextmorninghopingtofindthattheantshadgivenupindespair.Instead,Isawthattheyhaddiscoveredanewroute.Theywereclimbingupthewallofthehouseandthenontotheleavesofthetree.IrealizedsadlythatIhadbeencompletelydefeatedbytheiringenuity.Theantshadbeenquicktofindananswertomythoroughlyunscientificmethods!ingenuityn.机灵（心灵手巧，善于创新;足智多谋）eg.这男孩在制作玩具方面显得机灵。Theboyshowsingenuityinmakingtoys.某方面介词用iningenious[ɪnˈdʒiːniəs]有独创性的；机灵的，精制的；心灵手巧的